Volume 16 WINTER 1960·.����'lIItJI"·."""·�'''''��''I�,rw���''''1lf!!1l1i!l>�>-- .o::. ... � .. � ..... i"l>r' __ �"O:.! ,,. ",<t"- ... ..", ..., ;-··,MEDICAL ,�CAREER ,!CONFERENCE• :. ,<' .�. "" .. "SO YOU AREINTERESTED INA CAREER INMEDICINE"Welcome from DEAN COGGESHALLEXPERIMENT IN MEDICAL EDUCATIONWhy should young people want to be physicians?How does medicine reward its practitioners?Does a career in medicine compete favorably for the talentsof young people with the newly glamorized careers in physicsand en gineerin g?Does the long and expensive period of training for medicinedivert young people of promise to other careers?While these once may have been idlequestions, they are no longer. By 1970,the Bayne-jones report estimates our na­tion will need fourteen to twenty moremedical schools. Providing the teachersand hospitals and laboratories for this in­creasing demand is only part of the prob­lem. Who will seek training in these newschools?In 1950-51 there were 22,279 appli­cants to the then existing medical schools.In 1958-59 this number was only 15,170and the number and size of the .medicalschools had increased. The ratio of med­ical-school applicants to college graduatesin 1951 was 0.052; in 1958 it was 0.041.In 1950, 40% of the applicants were Astudents; in 1958 only 18% were in thatcategory.If this trend continues, hard times maybe seen on the horizon for even the mostfortunate institutions.What Can Be Done?Society and the law grant unusual priv­ileges and place unusual responsibilitiesupon physicians. It is no idle question toask who are to be the physicians of the future. Whatever the reasons may be forthe lessened interest in medicine, the firststep toward increasing this interest is oneof education.On January 30.1960, an experiment inpre-collegiate orientation to medicine wascarried out by the faculty of the Schoolof Medicine of the University. In oneexcitement-packed day, two hundred se­lected high school seniors and their fac­ulty sponsors were introduced to some ofthe problems, rewards, and intellectualthrills of medicine.Who They Were andWhat They DidThe two hundred students and facultysponsors who attended the Medical Ca­reer Conference came from three sources:Fifty high schools in Chicago and sub­urbs sent two students and one facultysponsor each; medical alumni and friendsof the University endorsed nearly thirtymore; and about twenty premedical stu­dents came from our own College.They visited laboratories all morningwith the assistance of the ladies of The Clinics Guild; had lunch as guests of tDean; listened to Dr. Palmer discimedicine as a way of life; participatedround-table conferences on the practiiaspects of medical education and careeiand finished the day listening to a paldiscussion of one of the new develcments in medicine-the chromosomesby zoologist Baker, endocrinologist heyon, and neurologist Buchanan.Our wandering photographer, Arc!Lieberman, recorded some of the reations of our guests and the faculty. Sinthese photographs express better thwords the inherent appeal and vitalitymedicine, we let them speak for therselves.Some day perhaps we shall know hesuccessful our program was in encouraing young people to enter a careermedicine."By the time you will have finished mI'cal school, internship and residency, you IIibe 30 years old and have two tina fI b�children. This is an average figure, of courStMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3LABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS1. The Runt. A Complication of TissueTransplantation-Clifford Gurney,'51, and John Thompson, '53, Medi­cine (ACRH)2. Transplantation of Cells-Eric 1.Simmons, Medicine (ACRH)3. Mechanics of the Circulation­Donald Cassels, Pediatrics4. Virus-Caused Diseases-Marc O.Beem, '48, Pediatrics5. Hormones of Reproduction-M. Ed­ward Davis, Rush '22, Ernst J.Plotz, and Charles Lupu, Obstetricsand Gynecology6. Growth and Development of HumanEmbryo and Problems Pertaining toIts Birth-Edith Potter and UweFreese, Obstetrics and Gynecologyi. Study of Human Cells and CancerPrevention-George 1. Wied, Ob­stetrics and GynecologyS. Premature Nursery-F. HowellWright, Pediatrics9. High Voltage Cancer Therapy-NelsStrandjord, '46, Radiology, and Les­ter Skaggs, ACRH10. Atoms for Medical Diagnosis­Ralph M. Scott, Radiology 11. Stomach Secretions and Ulcer For-mation-Harry Oberhelman, Jr.,'47, Thomas Nelsen, Alstrup N.Johnson, Jr., and Lester DragstedtII, Surgery12. Tracing Antibodies through the Body-Frank W. Fitch, '53, Pathology13. Use of the Electron Microscope­Benjamin Spargo, '52, Pathology14. Congenital Heart Disease-MurrayRabinowitz and Eugene Anderson,'56, Medicine15. Surgical Pathology-Frozen Sections-Nancy E. Warner, '49, and F.Lamont Jennings, Pathology16. Brain and Behavior-Sidney Schul­man, '46, Neurology17. A Study of the Circulation in LivingTissue-William R. Barclay, Medi­cine18. Hereditary Disease of the Red Cell­Paul E. Carson, Medicine19. Measuring Higher Brain Function­Ward C. Halstead, Medical Psy­chology 20. Physiology of Breathing-BenjaminBurrows, Medicine21. Growth of Viruses in Tissue Culture-Dorothy M. Hamre, Medicineand Biochemistry22. Isotopes in Biological Research­John E. Kasik, '54, Medicine23. Experimental Heart-Lung Prepara­tion for Studying the Circulation ofthe Lung-Albert H. Niden, Medi­cine24. Physiology of Vision-Frank W.Newell, Ophthalmology25. Stone Formation in Urinary Tract­C. W . Vermeulen, '37, Edward S.Lyon, '53, and John 1. Sommer,'53, Urology26. Artificial Organs-Peter V. Moul­der, '45, Surgery27. Experimental Cancer-Charles Hug­gins and Lorraine C. Grand, BenMay Laboratory for Cancer Re­searchRegistration in Pathology Museum. Well before nine o'clock they started arriving fromas far away as Milwaukee, Culver, Indiana, and LaSalle, Illinois.4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN"I think the small group visits were veryt'aluable. Our students enjoyed particularlythe opportunity to talk to the doctors .... "NAIR, RABINOWITZ, and ANDERSON and a congenital malformation of the heartUrinary tract stones can be interesting, too--VERMEULENCHARLES HUGGINS and an old problem-experimental cance£6 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN"1 hope that Saturday's Conference will berepeated every year. It was a day not soonto be forgotten."DO GIRLS GO TO MEDICAL SCHOOL?MOULDER and machineryMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 7!.jOULDER, machinery, and a dog8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINTHOMPSON and GURNEY and runtsTHE MYSTERY OF LIFE-TRANSPLANTED AND NEWHOWELL WRIGHT and the primie nurseryMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 9H ow should a high-school student pre­re jor medical school?Regardless of what else is required, heould acquire a sound liberal arts edu­tion.A broad cultural education ought stillbe the foundation of the training of aiysician. Recent moves to reduce the HOW AND WHERE?humanistic and social science backgroundof future doctors may shorten the train­ing but leave the physician less welleducated than his counterpart in otherprofessions. If time is of great impor­tance, we should look to the efficiency ofmedical training-the wasted summers.the inadequate teachers, the poorly or­ganized courses-for the answer. W hat does it cost to go to college, jorexample, at The University oj Chicago?About $2,300 a year. Scholarships areawarded according to merit and need.W hat does it cost a student to go tothe School of Medicine?$3,000 per year. Scholarship aid andloan funds are available.How should a student pick a medical:chool?He should apply to four or five schools-Ior instance, if he wants a privatechool, he should apply to at least one�ell known and one lesser known school.\nd in order to cover himself he mightilso apply to a state school.In general the competition for admis­;ion to state schools, particularly in themidwest, is less keen than to some of the�'e11 known private schools.For the same reason, midwestern med­ical schools can often offer more oppor­tunity for graduate study than can theireastern counterparts.A well-prepared student who has madea wise selection of schools should haveabout three acceptances from which tolTtake his choice on the basis of economicfactors, the reputation of the school, and�'hat he fina IIv wJtnt� to no in medicine. Round-table ConferenceH ow does the School of Medicinechoose students?We look for two main qualifications:motivation and scholarship. The bestcandidates have decided early that theywanted to go into medicine and haveworked steadily toward that goal. A fair­ly consistent scholastic performanceacross the board is more desirable thanbrilliance in one area at the expense ofothers.A well motivated student with a poorscholastic record or a superior studentwho has changed direction several timesis not as good a candidate as the studentwho shows consistency and depth in mo­tivation and scholarship.These things can be measured; how­ever, a strong desire and a fancy academ­ic record must be leavened by characterand integrity to qualify a young personfor the responsibilities and prerogativesof medicine. If a student has his sights set veryhigh, how does he select among the halfdozen or so well-known schools?There are many ways of grading med­ical schools. For the student the mostsensible standard is established by hisown needs.Does he want contacts for the futurein the private practice of medicine, ordoes he want academic contacts? Does hewant some research opportunity or is hesure he wants only the clinical practiceof medicine? Does he want a strongacademic overtone?In making his decision, a future stu­dent of medicine will be attracted to thisor that medical school by new programs,curriculum gimmicks. and a host of newapproaches to training.It might be well to remember inthis new era that the motivation, com­petence, and sincerity of the facultyare probably still the most importantfactors in determining the educationalquality of an institution.10 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINWINDOWS TO A NEW WORLD"We feel that this is one of the finest oppor­tunities that has been offered the acceleratedstudents interested in the field of science ....Everyone that I talked to felt that the threelaboratory exhibits that he visited must havebeen better than those visited by anyone else."* * *"The whole conference was quite stimulat-ing, and sold practically everyone there onsome field of medicine."* * *"Both the boys and their sponsor returnedfrom the conference deeply impressed bywhat they had seen and heard." "I suppose you would be glad to hear thatI personally gained a great deal from theConference; but what would mean more isthat every comment I heard led me to theconclusion that it was among the most worth­while experiences these high school seniorshad ever had!" "I have never had such an inspiring exper:ence, and if I ever had a doubt into whjfield I should venture •.. I hafJe none now.* * ** * * pt••• although it may be a horror to think 0so soon after completing work on this onjI would encourage you to conduct other CO![erences in the future.""I learned a lot ... I particularly enjoyed see­ing the heart-lung machine in operation. Ibecame friendly with the doctors that wererunning this demonstration and I'm goingback to Billings Friday." * * *"In closing, may I express the hope thjif any of you young men and women chool'medicine as a way of life, you will be jhappy in it as I have been."-Dr. Palmer,MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 11DR. DRAGSTEDT RETIRES TO FLORIDADr. Lester R. Dragstedt's recent re­tirement as Thomas D. Jones professorof surgery in the University of ChicagoClinics fortunately has not brought to aclose his distinguished career in the prac­tice of surgery. Rather it has meant thetransfer of his colorful personality to thedepartment of surgery of the Universityof Florida at Gainesville. There he willcontinue to instruct medical students inthe principles of experimental surgeryand at the same time carryon research inhis new laboratory. The students of theUniversity of Florida are indeed privi­leged to be able to work with and to learnfrom a man who has made so many im­portant contributions to the field of sur­gery; and surgery, too, is fortunate in be­ing able to continue to profit by his wis­dom and scientific acumen, rather than tosee him abruptly leave the ranks and, likean old general, fade away.In the following remarks on Dr. Drag­stedt's contributions to medicine I shallattempt to enumerate some of the rea­sons for his distinctive accomplishments.Although these have been many and var­ied. of one thing there can be no doubt;none of them has been the fortuitousproduct of chance. On the contrary theyall represent end-stages of a well-plannedprogram of preparation and implementa­tion, coupled with a clear vision of thereally basic goals of modern surgery.Physiologist Becomes SurgeonIn attempting to analyze his achieve­ments one may properly ask: For whatparticular reasons have they been excep­tional? I suggest that the answer to sucha question goes back almost a quarter ofa century, to the time when Dr. Phemis­ter was organizing the new department ofsurgery in the University of ChicagoSchool of Medicine. Dr. Phemister, asurgeon of unusual skill, knowledge andexperience. already had concluded thatin the evaluation of the worth of a full­time department of surgery, successmust unquestionably be measured interms other than mere technologicalachievement. He envisioned surgical ad­vance as necessarily dependent upon thefullest utilization of the basic principlesof biology. especially of physiology. Withthat thought in mind he invited Dr. Drag­stedt, then thr professor of physiologyand pharmacology at Northwestern Uni­versity, to assist him in the designing and By PAUL R. CANNON, PH.D. '21, M.D. '26Professor Emeritus of PathologyDRAGSTEDTdevelopment of a new kind of depart­ment of surgery. Dr. Dragstedt was wellknown among physiologists for his nu­merous and significant contributions inphysiology, particularly in the field ofphysiology of the digestive tract. Amongthese should be mentioned the demon­stration of the non-essentiality of theduodenum for life, the conditions govern­ing activity of the parathyroid glands,the causes and consequences of intestinalobstruction and acute dilation of thestomach. and the problem of gastric ulcerand of the resistance of different tissuesand organs to gastric digestion. In theelucidation of most of these problemsgood surgical skill had been essential. Tocombine such a scientific backgroundwith more practical experience for hisnew career as a surgeon. Dr. Dragstedtspent a year or more working in severalof the leading surgical clinics of Europe.Experimental Surgery QuartersUpon his return to the newly-estab­lished University of Chicago Clinics, hisearliest efforts centered around the de­velopment of adequate animal quartersand laboratories for experimental sur­gery. He soon found that dogs kept underroutine conditions and in the usual ani­mal quarters could not be effectivelyused for long-term experiments. Proceed­ing from this conviction he equipped hisown animal rooms, not in a remote area.but immediately at hand, so that experi- mental surgery could be carried on dur­ing spare moments in a busy day, inrooms in which the animals could be per­sonally supervised, and under conditionspermitting close contact with studentsand associates. Most of his scientific pro­ductivity undoubtedly has stemmed fromhis insistence that as few obstacles aspossible be interposed between the sur­geon and his experimental work. Onlytime will tell whether experimental facili­ties remotely located can afford a com­parable degree of efficiency. In any caseDragstedt insisted that experimental sur­gery be a primary and not an incidentalcomponent in the life of a modern sur­geon; and certainly by precept and exam­ple he demonstrated the validity of apoint of view which has been richly at­tested to in terms of the many well­trained surgeons who have matured un­der his guidance and who have continuedto do active research in experimental sur­gery.Surgeon Still PhysiologistThroughout his career as a surgeon Dr.Dragstedt has continued to think as aphysiologist. and he has carried into ex­perimental surgery many of the lessonswhich he had learned from his highly­esteemed teachers and friends, Anton J.Carlson and Arno B. Luckhardt, two ofthe great pioneers in the field of mam­malian physiology. Dragstedt has alwaysmaintained that experimental surgery isbasically a part of organ physiology andthat many of the operative procedures ofsurgery are indispensable for the study ofa great variety of problems of fundamen­tal physiologic interest. In fact he be­lieves that, as physiologists have ex­tended their interests more and more tothe cellular level, it has become all themore imperative that surgeons carryonthe uncompleted problems of mamma­lian physiology.It is highly probable that this attitudelargely accounts for the eminence of ourdepartment of surgery. Our surgeons ofcourse have had to attain technical pro­ficiency in order to meet the daily de­mands of surgical therapy. In addition,however. they have been exposed contin­uously to the requirements of hard think­ing in the basic disciplines of physiology,biochemistry. pathology and anatomy.To them surgery is perforce more thanthe acquisition and utilization of opera-12 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINtive skills: it is rather a constant chal­lenge to understand more fully all thereasons for the therapy. For this attitudeI believe we can pay tribute mainly toDr. Phemister. who saw the need forsuch a fundamental approach. and to Dr.Dragstedt. who played such a vital partin its implementation. In consequence inthis department there has been an abun­dant demonstration of the germinatinginfluence of basic science upon the fruit­ful growth of surgical knowledge.VagotomyDr. Dragstedt's greatest impact uponsurgical practice undoubtedly has comefrom his formulation of the concept ofvagotomy for the treatment of chronicduodenal ulcer. Here. certainly. his paperpublished in 1943 with his associate. Dr.Frederick Owens. was the consequence ofmany years of study of gastric function.It is significant. also. that this report waspresented to the Society for Experimen­tal Biology and Medicine rather than toa surgical group. It reported the relief ofsymptoms in two patients with duodenalulcer after supradiaphragmatic section ofthe vagus nerves, and suggested that se­cretory hypertonus of the gastric vagusnerve is a major etiological factor in gas­troduodenal ulcer. The inference wasthat the hypertonus leads to an overpro­duction of acid gastric juice. particularlyof the continuous nocturnal secretion.Collection of the night secretion by con­tinuous suction had revealed an unusual­ly high output in these two patients. anoutput which was markedly reduced aftersection of the vagus nerves. Dragstedtand Owens concluded. therefore, that thelesion 'of peptic ulcer is of neurogenicorigin and that the stimulus for the ex­cessive and corrosive secretion goes tothe stomach by way of the vagus nerves.The secretion seemed to be brought un­der control by vagotomy. with resultinghealing of the lesion.Although Dfagstedt and Owens werecautious in the drawing of conclusionsfrom only two patients. the results weresufficiently unusual to challenge the at­tention of surgeons everywhere and it isnot surprising that the concept of "vagalhypertonus' disturbed surgical thoughtand activated a controversy which was toclaim the major portion of Dr. Drag­stedt 's time and energy for the next fif­teen years. In this controversial field theideas about vagotomy ranged from indif­ference to a sharp hostility. In this situa­tion Dragstedt's qualities of genialityand forthrightness have stood him ingood stead. Vagotomy or Gastrectomy?Numerous criticisms against vagotomywere brought forth. as. for example, itwould decrease gastric motility. it coulddo nothing for pyloric obstruction. in thecase of gastric ulcer it ignored the pos­sibility of malignancy, its effects couldbe only transitory because the resectednerve bundles would regenerate. it wouldcause urinary suppression. and. in theopinions of some. complete vagotomy isincompatible with life. Instead of indulg­ing in the pleasure of polemics. Dr. Drag­stedt listened courteously to each argu­ment. talked the problems over with hisassociates. and then designed further ex­periments to clarify the points at issue.As a result, from his laboratory has comea succession of impressive studies givingnew validity to the principles of therapyby vagotomy as well as general informa­tion about surgery of the stomach. Now,thousands of vagotomies later, per­formed all over the world. it is evidentthat ablation of most of the stomach inorder to counteract the corrosive effectsof acid gastric juice. although a 'logicaland effective form of therapy, is not theonly way to treat duodenal ulcer. As Dr.Dragstedt once remarked in discussingthe surgical complications of ulcer ther­apy. "it must be remembered that re­moval of the major portion of the stom­ach is also not the most pleasant form ofsurgical therapy." It is of some interest.moreover. that among his vagotomy pa­tients at the University of Chicago Clin­ics. more than forty have been physi­cians.An especially commendable aspect ofthe controversy has been the high-leveltype of discussion practiced by its par­ticipants. The debate "gastrectomy ver­sus vagotomy," because of long-estab­lished convictions and habits of thought.was often sharp. Everyone familiar withthe subject knows that it represents anextremely complex problem and that thesurgeon's choice is restricted to twoforms of therapy, both logical, namely.'( 1) the removal of the source of exces­sive secretion of gastric juice by gastrec­tomy or (2) the control of the gastricsecretion by, chemical, physical or neuro­genic procedures. It is significant that inthis controversy many of Dragstedt'ssharpest critics have continued to remainhis close personal friends. Such a happystate of affairs has not always existed inthe field of medical polemics. To me it isclear that in these years of argumenta­tion we have witnessed the demonstra­tion of an extraordinarily high degree ofsurgical judgment and scientific attitude, a demonstration that every surgeon C3npoint to with justifiable pride. On theother hand it should be kept in mind thalmore confusion than light could easilyhave been generated by a protagonist lesstolerant and amenable to criticism thanDr. Dragstedt.Surgeon-SalesmanIn any case. during these years Dr,Dragstedt took to the airways and ar­gued the cause of vagotomy in his char­acteristically forceful and lucid manner.He did so largely because of a trait domi­nant in his make-up. namely. a beliefthat the discovery or development of animportant concept or principle carrieswith it an obligation on the part of thediscoverer to present the facts and con­clusions insistently and repeatedly untilthey are at least listened to rather thanbeing relegated to libraries, perhaps tobe rediscovered in future years. As I re­marked at the dinner given in his honorin May of 1959. "In pursuance of thisfaith our friend has taken to the lectureplatform. in this country and abroad.with as much zest as a football coach fol­lows the winter's mashed potato circuitin his search for promising linemen andT -formation quarterbacks. And fromthese dinners he has brought back a fewextra calories. a considerable number ofphysicians with duodenal ulcers whowished to undergo vagal section. and asurprising array of arguments concern­ing the superiority of gastrectomy overvagotomy." These arguments he ac­cepted with his usual good nature. Hecould not do otherwise because. as a per­son. he is so richly endowed with thequalities of kindness. generosity and ge­niality. qualities so inseparably combinedin his personality as to be nondissociableby any amount of expanding force ofprofessional opposition or environmentalpressure. He has thrived on opposition ashe and his associates have carried argu­ment after argument back to the labora­tory or clinic. to return later with newfacts of clarifying significance. Of coursefifteen years of such intensive researchand argument took their toll, especiallyfrom a man who was at an increasing dis­advantage because of progressive impair­ment of hearing. Probably many of hisfriends and associates were unaware ofthe difficulties under which he worked andthe increasingly arduous and fatiguingconsequences of participation in so manysymposia. honor-lectures, and clinics.But through it all he fought insistentlyand persistently. and gradually surgeonscame to realize that they had no choiceMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 13ut to look at his evidence and listen tois arguments. Honors came. in thisountry and abroad; membership in the[ational Academy of Sciences. honorectures everywhere. an honorary degreerom the University of Lyons. etc. Ev­rywhere it was evident that here was aran who had displayed unusual attri­lutes of intelligence. industry and per­pective, one who had made extraordi­my contributions to the science and artIi surgery. and one who had excelled inhe teaching of young surgeons and in thetimulation of surgical research.Ultimate Cause of UlcerDespite the emphasis upon the treat­nent of chronic duodenal ulcer by sec­ion of the vagus nerves, Dr. Dragstedt:ontinued to be interested in all aspects)f the problem. One of these was the pos­ubility that vagal hypertonus might beI consequence of certain stresses andurains of modern life. and in this connec­ion Dragstedt suggested that many ofhe facts "give strong support to the con­:ept of ulcer as a psychosomatic disease.his term being used merely to indicatehat emotions and mental activity of cer­ain types playa dominant role in thenthogenesis. The central nervous systemlisturbance causes ulcers by producing aiypertonus in the secretory and motoribers in the vagus nerves. While the sev­-ring of these nerves prevents nervoustensions of various kinds from affectingthe stomach. it cannot be considered thehnal answer to the ulcer problem. Per­bps this may lie in adjusting the indi­vidual to his work and environment sothat these tensions do not arise. The pos­�ibilities of psychotherapy in ulcer oughtto be re-explored, and the volume andJcidity of gastric juice used as an ob­jective quantitative measure of the ef­iects of the treatment." Here we see asurgeon suggesting. on the basis of phys­iological principles. the possibility of de­veloping an appropriate form of psycho­therapy in order to prevent the buildingup of the nervous tensions possibly re­sponsible for the vagal hypertonus. If this�hould come to pass. the work of Drag­stedt and his associates on vagotomylIould surely represent a milestone in re­hticn to the prevention of duodenal ul­cer, as it already has in the treatment.Through all the stirring events of thePast fifteen years Dr. Dragstedt has re­ll1ained modest and unassuming. Hecould not have done otherwise because aprominent facet of his character is a dis­trust of boastfulness or pretense. He hasbeen forthright in his dealings with cir- DR. CANNON and DR. DRAGSTEDT, near neighbors on the fifth floor, found manyopportunities for informal visits.cumstances and has stood up to becounted whenever he was confrontedwith a problem demanding decisive ac­tion. Whether in discussions in faculty orin committee he could be depended uponto come up with a thoughtful commentand a lucid analysis. He might not al­ways convince, but no one questioned hissincerity.Away from his work he displays agreat joy of living and seems particularlygrateful for his home and family andfriends. He and Mrs. Dragstedt have hadthe happy philosophy of living each dayto its fullest. and their home has alwaysbeen a place of unfailing friendliness andhospitality where good friends and goodtalk were always welcome and where thefuture was anticipated with good hope.In short. both Dr. and Mrs. Dragstedtare too young in mind and spirit to retirein the usual sense. Instead they are build­ing their new home in Florida where theywill welcome their children. their grand­children and their many friends. PerhapsGainesville, so near to Ponce de Leon'sfountain of youth, is a fitting place forthis new venture. RUSH NEWS'0-1. William T. Kradwell took part inthe seventy-fifth anniversary activities ofthe Milwaukee Sanitorium Foundation inNovember. He had served over fifty yearson the staff of the sanitorium when he re­tired in 1954 at the age of seventy-three.Since then he has used his talents and influ­ence to enhance the program of teaching,research and service in psychiatry.'23. Willis J. Potts is president of the Chi­cago Heart Association.'30. Wayne Gordon has left a generalmedical practice in Billings, Montana, tojoin the Christian Medical College in Vel­lore, South India.'36. Col. I. A. Wiles has returned to theU.S. for his new assignment at Fort Ord,California. His army tours have includedduty in the South Pacific and Philippines,Japan, and Germany where he was com­manding officer of the Heidelberg Armyhospital.'37. Francis J. Phillips, Anchorage, hasbeen elected president of The Alaskan Tru­deau Society.14 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINNEW APPOINTMENTSPOTTSAlbert M. Potts joined the staff inophthalmology in December. After a B.A.from Hopkins. Dr. Potts received a Ph.D.in biochemistry from the University ofChicago in 1938 and served on the staffin biochemistry and later on the Manhat­tan project until 1944. In 1948 he re­ceived the M.D. from Western Reserveand has since been a member of thatfaculty.His research interests are concernedwith chemicals which poison the retina,with electro physiology. and with thephysical and biochemical mechanismsmaintaining the transparency of eyestructures.Dr. Potts is professor of ophthalmologyin the Department of Surgery and direc­tor of ophthalmologic research.Return to the campus means the re­newal of old friendships for the Pottsand their three children., The Department of Surgery sufferedunusual losses in the past summer withthe retirement of Lester R. Dragstedt,the Stanford transfer of J. Garrott Allen,and the still unbelievable death ofDwight Clark. The work load has beenwell carried by the many excellent young­er men but now we rejoice in the returnof Hilger Perry Jenkins, '27, as profes­sor of surgery to help restore the balanceneeded.JENKINSHilger Jenkins was Dr. Phernistersfirst surgical resident at The Clinics andwas on the surgical staff until 1946. Hehas since been chief of staff at WoodlawnHospital and attained the rank of clinicalprofessor of surgery at the University ofIllinois. He has mobilized, mentored. andmonitored surgical training by cine meth­ods and last year he was honored by theAmerican College of Surgeons with theirDistinguished Service Award for his dis­tinction in this and other fields.He was one of the organizers of theMedical Alumni Association and hastwice been its president. The MedicalAlumni Gold Key which his father de­signed was presented to him in 1958 inrecognition of his great services to theAssociation and to the University.Hilger and Julia Jenkins and their twochildren, Sammy and Theodora, live inthe University neighborhood. SKINSNESOlaf Skinsnes, '47, returned to theUniversity in December to become pro­fessor of pathology. �Dr. Skinsnes was born in China in 19L,and lived there until he was eighteen. H�received his undergraduate education aSt. Olaf College and the degrees of M.S.Ph.D., and M.D. from the University 0Chicago. He was certified in morbid anatomy in 1948.In 1949 he and his wife and infandaughter left to accept an appointment Jthe University in Shantung. northeasChina. When they arrived in Hong Kon]the new government of China ref useethem permission to travel further. DrSkinsnes was invited to join the stan 01the University of Hong Kong and for teliyears he served there as senior lecture:in pathology and, under the leadershiiof the Chinese scholar. Hou Pao-Changhelped to rehabilitate the war-gutted department. He conducted studies on thepathology of leprosy and helped to huikan island leprosarium in Hong Kong.Dr. Skinsnes will assume a major rollin the teaching. research and diagnostjactivities of the Department of Patholog:and he expects to direct investigationinto the immunological and tissue-resistance factors as they relate to leprosy In(other chronic infectious diseases.The Skinsnes family, augmented nol'by two more children born in Hong Kongare very welcome additions to the roiversity community.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 15NEW APPOINTMENTSSCOTTRalph M. Scott became assistant pro­essor of radiology on August 1. He wasuaduated from the University of Vir­tinia with a B.A. in 1947 and an M.D. in950. In 1955-56 he served as a volun­ary assistant in radiation therapy at The'Iiuics on leave from the Robert PackerIospital of Sayre, Pennsylvania. He sub­equent ly studied in Christie Hospitalmd Holt Radium Institute in Manches­er. England, before returning to thePacker Hospital. Ingemar Bergstrand joined the radiol­ogy staff as assistant professor on Sep­tember 1. He is a research scholar andguest teacher in diagnostic radiology.Dr. Bergstrand was born in Stockholmin 1923, received his M.D. degree fromthe University of Lund in 1950 and ahigher degree in 1957 for his thesis onspleno-portography. His main researchinterest is in vascular roentgenology.His wife and their three children haveaccompanied Dr. Bergstrand to Chicago.BERGSTRANDNEW LECTURE SERIESA series of lectures on recent advancesin basic biology was given in the Divi­iion during the Winter Quarter replacing:he prior series which emphasized clini­cal aspects. These lectures were designedlor the general medical audience and wereJttended by many visitors in addition to:he staff and students of the Division.The lecturers and their subjects are:Jerome Syverton, University of Minne­'ola-"Yiruses, Cells and ExperimentalCancer"Knut Schmidt-Nielsen, Duke University"'The Physiology of \\ratcr in Vertebrates" Paul Weiss, Rockefeller Institute forMedical Research-"Biological Foundationsof Wound Repair"John Mason, M.D., Army Medical Re­search Institute-"A Neuroendocrine Ap­proach to Investigations of Emotional andPsychosomatic Processes"Clement Markert, The Johns HopkinsUniversity-"The Development of Enzymes"Bo Gernandt, M.D., National Institutesof Health-"Vestibulospinal Connections"Hilary Koprowski, M.D., The Wistar In­stitute-"Natural Resistance to Virus Infec­tions" Christian C. Rattenborg became as­sistant professor of anesthesiology in No­vember. He is a native of Denmark andreceived his M.D. degree from the Uni­versity of Copenhagen in 1947. His clin­ical training included experience in inter­nal medicine, neurosurgery, and psychia­try.RATTENBORGIn 1956-57 he held a research fellow­ship at the Presbyterian Hospital in NewYork; from then until coming to the Uni­versity he was attending anesthesiologistat the Bispebjerg Hospital in Copenhagen.His publications include papers on pul­monary mechanics in artificial ventilationand the effects of hemorrhage on pulmo­nary circulation and respiratory gas ex­change.Dr. Rattenborg is married and hasthree children. They intend to make theirhome here and Dr. Rattenborg has takenout his first citizenship papers.Rupert Billingham, The Wistar Institute-"The Host-Graft Relationship"Emil L. Smith, University of Utah­"Mechanisms of Enzyme Action"Theodore Puck, University of Colorado-"Quantitative Studies of Human Cells inVitro and Their Applications to Medicine"16 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINDr. Russell M. Wilder died December16, 1959, in his seventy-fifth year, atRochester, Minnesota. Death was causedby massive cerebral hemorrhage.Son of a noted Chicago ophthalmolo­gist, Dr. William Wilder, he spent hisearly life in this city and its educationalinstitutions. He received the degrees ofB.S., Ph.D. (magna cum laude) andM.D. (Rush) from the University ofChicago.Student ScientistIn 1910, while still a medical student,Dr. Wilder accompanied Dr. HowardTaylor Ricketts to Mexico City to par­ticipate in a study of typhus fever. In afew brief months it was established thatthe vector of this disease is the bodylouse; and small, bipolar microorgan­isms, similar to those of Rocky Moun­tain spotted fever, were recovered frominfected lice and later proved to be thecausative agent of typhus. Ricketts diedof the disease he was studying while stillin Mexico and Wilder, at a very youngage, was left with the great responsibilityof winding up the project. This he didwith efficiency and thoroughness thatwould have done credit to a seasoned in­vestigator.Returning to Chicago, he completedmedical school and an internship, thenserved as resident physician at Presby­terian Hospital. There he came under theinfluence of Dr. Rollin T. Woodyatt,from whom he acquired a life-long inter­est in nutritional and metabolic diseases,especially diabetes mellitus.After a period of active service in thefirst World War as captain in the Medi­cal Corps and chief of the medical serviceof Evacuation Hospital No.2 in France,Dr. Wilder joined the staff of the MayoClinic. There he continued and expandedhis interest in metabolism and diabetesand was intimately associated with theearly clinical use of insulin, an experiencehe described as thrilling. In 1926 he re­ported the first proved case of hyper­insulinism due to an islet cell tumor ofthe pancreas. The tumor was malignant,and extracts of the metastatic nodules inthe liver produced hypoglycemia wheninjected into rabbits. Wilder and his col­leagues were among the first in this coun­try to recognize two other "new" dis­eases caused by endocrine tumors-hy- Russell m �ildrr1885 �1959WILDERperparathyroidism and hyperepinephri­nism (phenochromocytoma). A few yearslater, in 1937, before the synthesis ofdesoxycorticosterone, they reported thethen important discovery that the treat­ment of Addison's disease could be mark­edly improved if, in addition to the ad­ministration of sodium chloride as advo­cated by Loeb, the intake of potassiumwere restricted.Back to the UniversityThe years 1929 to 1931 saw Dr. Wilderagain at the University of Chicago, towhich he had been invited as professor ofmedicine and chairman of the Depart­ment of Medicine in the University ofChicago Clinics, opened two years be­fore. He had found the offer attractivefor many reasons, among them the chal­lenge provided by the new clinical de­partments and the opportunity to rejoinhis old friends and teachers such as Bens­ley, Carlson, Wells, Hektoen, Woodyatt.and Billings. The formative years of TheClinics, however, proved to be more tur­bulent than satisfying and when, follow­ing the resignation of Dr. Leonard Rown­tree from the Mayo Clinic, he was askedto return there as head of' the Depart­ment of Medicine, he accepted.Dr. Wilder retired in 1950 but prompt­ly was named director of the newly es­tablished National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, United StatesPublic Health Service, at BethesdaMaryland. He entered upon his dutieswith keen pleasure, only to abandonthem less than two years later upon theinsistence of his physician.Author and Award WinnerDr. Wilder was the author of morethan 250 scientific articles, a book enti­tled Diabetes Mellitus and H y periusu­linism and a small volume, A Primer forDiabetic Patients, which has gone throughmany editions. He served on a numberof editorial boards of professional journals. He received the DistinguisheciService Medal of the University of Chi­cago in 1941, the Banting Medal of theAmerican Diabetes Association in 1947the Howard Taylor Ricketts award 01the University of Chicago in 1949, theJoseph Goldberger award of the Ameri­can Medical Association in 1954, the goldkey of the Medical Alumni Associationof the University of Chicago in 1955. andan award of the American Bakers' Asso­ciation in 1956 for his promotion of vita­min enrichment of white flour and bread.He was a member of many professionalorganizations and was elected presidentof the American Diabetes Association in1946 and of the National Vitamin Foun­dation in 1956.Dr. Wilder's friends will rememberhim as a tireless worker, an excellentteacher and an astute clinician. His writ­ings were marked by succinctness andclarity embodied in a pleasing style. Withbroad cultural interests, a warmth oispirit and a lively sense of humor, he wasa delightful companion. His great per­sonal charm and engaging smile smoothedtroubled waters on more than one occa­sion. Perhaps his outstanding attributewas an almost boyish enthusiasm thatconveyed itself easily to others and drawthem, along with him, toward the ap­pointed goal. This quality he carried withhim when, for the last time, he returnedto Rochester in 1953 to spend his remain­ing years in familiar surroundings, hismind alert for the reading, the writingand the counseling that sustained his in­terest in life to the end.HENRY T. RICKETTS, M.D.Pro jessor oj M edicineMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 17_____D__E_A_T_H__S �I I� F_A__C_U__L_T_Y__ N__E__W_S �'92. Frank Edward Quire, Lynnville,rwa, October 1, age 91.'95. Royal Chase Adkinson, Denver,ctober 29, age 87.Franklin Theodore Brenner, Quincy,11., November 12, age 88.'97. John M. Womeldorf, Glendale,'alif., November 30, age 90.'99. Herbert William Hegele, Portland,Ire., September 19, age 81.'02. John Bruner Colwell, Champaign,11., September 17, age 86.Curtiss Norton Jameson, Rochester,I.Y., August 22, age 82.Clarence Alfred Richards, Rhinelander,Vis., November 14, age 83.'03. James Bryson Robb, College Park,.1d., September 5, age 83.Thomas Justin Swisher, Los Angeles,xtober 21, age 87.'04. Max Thorek, Chicago, January 25,1ge 79.'05. Mary Cain Lincoln, Sister Bay, Wis.,Jctober 31, age 85.Sidney Klein, Chicago, January, age 80.Wellie Smith Mackenzie, Adrian, Mich.,Xovember 19, age 80.'06. Nathan Boggs, Goodwell, Okla.,August 31, age 80.Robert Inskeep Rizer, Wayzata, Minn.,November 13, age 76.'07. Frank C. Walker, Indianapolis,March, age 79.'09. Arrie Bamberger, Chicago, March\3, age 72.'10. Clarence Arthur Johnson, Los An­geles, August 27, age 78.'11. Roscoe Conkling Main, Santa Bar­bara, Calif., November 29, age 77.'12. Arthur Andrew Smith, Hastings,Xeb., October 13, age 75.'13. Allen Newton Wiseley, South La­guna, Calif., November 2, age 76.'15. Paul J. Preston, Minneapolis, De­cember 29, age 70.'16. James Harry Vetter, Rockford, Ill.,September 3, age 69.'17. Arthur Shaw Bristow, Princeton,Mo., October 15, age 67.Michael H. Ebert, Chicago, March 12,age 74.'19. Charles Curry Bell, St. Paul, Octo­ber 9, age 71.Russell John Callander, Solana Beach,Calif., September 12, age 67.Clarence Fischer, Peoria, Ill., February,age 68.'21. Alfred Hjalmar Swan, Pearlblossom,Calif., November 3, age 75.'22. Albert Butterman, Chicago, Novem­ber 16, age 67.'23. Siegfried Maurer, Wittenberg, Wis.,December 12, age 69.'24. Hugh McIntyre Caldwell, Colum­bus, Wis., August, age 59.Everett Naughtin Collins, Cleveland,\ovember 6, age 63.'25. Ernest Robert Burnight, PismoBeach, Calif., September 4, age 67.Eugene Hobart Ferguson, Kansas City,�o., October 27, age 62. Wright R. Adams is president of the Chi­cago Society of Internal Medicine. He wasalso elected chairman of the Council onClinical Cardiology at the annual meetingof the American Heart Association.For the June meeting of the AmericanMedical Association, Dr. Adams is secretaryof the section on internal medicine andHenry T. Ricketts is the exhibit represen­tative. Frank W. Newell is exhibit repre­sentative for the section on ophthalmology.J. Garrott Allen gave the tenth annualAlfred A. Strauss Lecture at the Universityof Washington School of Medicine in Seattlein November.Kimball C. Atwood has been elected amember of the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation.He participated in the Foundation's firstConference on Genetics, October 19-22, atPrinceton.Emmet Bay has been appointed chairmanof the Committee of Judges of the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement of Science.J. Roy Blayney is director of the Evans­ton (Ill.) dental caries study, which willcontinue for two more years. The study issupported by the National Institute of Den­tal Research, the Walter G. Zoller MemorialDental Clinic at The Clinics and the IllinoisState Department of Health.James J. W. Carpender has been electedpresident of the University of Chicago'sCancer Research Foundation.Theodore J. Case, associate professor ofsurgery, resigned last spring after twenty­six years on the faculty. He is now electro­encephalographer at Camarillo State Hos­pital in Camarillo, California. Dr. Case isinternationally known for his pioneer workin electroencephalography.Glen E. Hayden left the Department ofObstetrics and Gynecology to go into pri­vate practice at the Mason Clinics in Seattle.Henrietta Herbolsheimer was elected tothe vice-presidency of the Association ofTeachers of Preventive Medicine in AtlanticCity. Charles B. Huggins has been electedfellow of the Royal College of Surgeons,England.Allan Lorincz, '-17, has been elected vice­president of the Chicago DermatologicalSociety.James W. Moulder has been namedchairman of the Department of Microbiol­ogy of the University of Chicago to succeedWilliam D. Taliaferro, Eliakim HastingsMoore Distinguished Service Professor, whowill retire on June 30.The research group consisting of HarryOberhelman, Jr., Lester R. Dragstedt,Ezra R. Singer, Alstrup N. Johnson, Jr.,Herbert B. Greenlee, Thomas S. Nelsen,and Lester R. Dragstedt II, won secondplace in the scientific exhibition of the Inter­state Post Graduate Medical Association ofNorth America. The title of the exhibit is"The Role of the Pancreas in Peptic Ulcer­ation."Walter L. Palmer, '21, has been electedpresident of the Institute of Medicine ofChicago, Albert A. Dahlberg is vice-presi­dent, and Henry T. Ricketts is chairmanof the Board of Governors.Thomas Park is president-elect of theAmerican Association for the Advancementof Science.Florence Seibert has retired from theHenry Phipps Institute of Pennsylvania andis living in Clearwater, Florida, with hersister. She will be a consultant to the Com­municable Disease Center of the U.S. PublicHealth Service at Chamblee, Georgia.·William Stein, visiting professor in bio­chemistry during the Winter Quarter, pre­sented a series of lectures on protein struc­ture and the nature of enzyme action.Peter J. Talso, professor of medicine atStritch School of Medicine, Loyola, lec­tured on "Fluid and Electrolyte Problems"on March 3 at the annual Clinical Confer­ence of the Chicago Medical Society.'27. Ralph Glenn Whitmer, Des Moines,Iowa, November 12, age 70.'29. Ralph Horace Scull, Chicago, De­cember 16, age 62.'31. Roy Max Hohman, Chicago, Decem­ber 23, age 53.John C. Rogers, Henderson, Ky., March,age 65.'32. Theodore Rosenberg, New YorkCity, December 28, age 54.'33. Sylvan Hallas Robertson, Chicago,December 7, age 53.'35. Eugene Constantine de Savitsch,London, England, October 15, age 56.Nicholas E. Lanning, Grand RapidsMich., October 17, age 52. ''36. James Good Stubblebine, Concord,Calif., October 27, age 63.Dean Rolf C. Syvertsen, DartmouthMedical School, Hanover, N.H., January1959, age 63.Edward Lewis Turner, Resident, '31-'32,Glenview, Ill., February 4, age 59. I RESIDENT STAFF NEWS IWilliam F. Enneking, '52-'56, has leftthe University of Mississippi, where he waschief of the orthopedic division, to accepta professorship at the University of Floridain Gainesville.William H. Gillespie, '26-'28, is an in­structor of dermatology at the Universityof Louisville.Chester S. Keefer, '26-'28, has been ap­pointed director of the newly-created Bos­ton University-Massachusetts MemorialHospitals Medical Center. He has resignedas director and Wade Professor of Medicineat Boston University.Margaret Peters, '47-'49, is an anesthesi­ologist at the Veterans Hospital, Atlanta,Georgia.18 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINSTUDENT LOANSIt is with pleasure that I announcethe recent establishment of the ReginaGreenebaum Loan Fund, in memory ofDr. Regina Stolz Greenebaum (Rush1933) .Dr. Greenebaum was born in Chicagoin 1903. and she attended both the Uni­versity High School and the Universityof Chicago College before entering RushMedical College in 1928. One year latershe married a fellow medical student,Henry Greenebaum (Rush 1929). Afterher graduation from medical school, Dr.Regina Greenebaum interned at the Mi­chael Reese Hospital, and then enteredprivate practice in Chicago, in associa­tion first with Dr. Ludwig Loeb (Rush1900), and later with Dr. Leon Unge(Rush 1915). During World War II, Dr.Greenebaum served in the Naval MedicalCorps at the Marine Flying Base inNorth Carolina. After the war, she re­sumed private practice in Chicago, andwas an associate on the staff of CookCounty Hospital; she was a certified spe­cialist in internal medicine and also in al­lergy and diseases of the chest. In 1946,Dr. Greenebaum became associated withthe Veterans Administration and servedfirst at the Veterans Hospital in Kerr­ville, Texas, and later at the VeteransHospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.She was chief of the chest services at theVeterans Hospital, and instructor at theUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medi­cine at the time of her death from cancerin 1957. Her husband died in 1937.The Regina Greenebaum Loan Fund($7,000) is the sixth alumni-inspired loanfund established since 1950. The otherfive are:The Basil C. H. Harvey Loan Fund,now a memorial fund, but establishedin 1950 at the time of the retirementof Dr. Harvey, long time Dean of Stu­dents in the School of Medicine( 1923-38 and 1943-44), has grown to$25,150.The Carl G. Johnson Loan Fund(Rush 1922) was established in 1951and now has $5,500.The Medical Alumni Loan Fund, es­tablished in 1954 by the MedicalAlumni Association with an originalgift of $2,860, has rapidly increased to$20,500 as the result of numerous in­dividual alumni gifts.The Paul R. Cannon Loan Fund (Rush1925) was established in 1957 with ini­tial contributions of $1,260 in honor of GRADUATE NEWS'34. Sarah E. Branham was chosen 1959Medical Woman of the Year by the Wash­ington, D.C., Branch of the American Medi­cal Women's Association. Dr. Branham re­tired in July, 1958, from her position at theNational Institutes of Health after thirtyyears with the U.S. Public Health Service.At the time of her retirement, she was Chiefof the Section on Bacterial Toxins in theDivision of Biologic Standards. She is cur­rently participating in the Visiting BiologistProgram of the American Institute of Bio­logical Sciences.'37. David Bodian, professor and directorin the Department of Anatomy, The JohnsHopkins University, is a member of PublicHealth Service's committee on live polio­virus vaccine.Leo Rangell is president-elect of theAmerican Psychoanalytic Association.'44. Ray Hepner has left the Universityof Missouri to become professor of pedi­atrics at the University of Maryland.'45. James S. Miles, of the University ofColorado Medical Center, was one of fourAmerican orthopedic surgeons selected asexchange fellows for a seven-week visit toEngland in 1959. The American OrthopedicAssociation designates the visiting groupevery other year. Physicians selected forthis exchange program are under forty yearsof age and are chosen for their "outstand­ing records and for their professional inter­ests in either private or academic medicine."'46. Edwin Clarke has returned to theUnited States on a research fellowship tostudy medical history at the Institute ofHistory of Medicine at the Johns HopkinsUniversity. After six months, he expects tospend two months in Los Angeles beforereturning to England. He has been a scien­tific advisor for the Wellcome Trust, acharitable organization in London.John R. Hogness, medical director ofthe University of Washington Hospital, Se­attle, has been appointed assistant dean ofthe School of Medicine. He divides his timebetween the two positions. '48. J. Thomas Grayston, now on thestaff of the naval medical research unit inFormosa, is working with Chinese physi­cians and three other American doctors indeveloping a vaccine which has a "tremen­dous potential" for preventing trachoma.Ernest Beutler has left The Clinics to bedirector of the Hospital for Blood Diseasesand chairman of the Department of Inter­nal Medicine at the City of Hope MedicalCenter, California.'54. James Keasling is on the staff of theDepartment of Surgery at Christian Hos­pital, Tabriz, Iran. His wife, Marge, his son,John, and daughter, Ellen, accompanied himin January as he took his post there in con­junction with the overseas mission programof the United Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.He finished his surgical residence in SanFrancisco last June and, in further prepa­ration for his work in Iran, participatedin a six-month orientation program in lin­guistics, culture studies and ecumenicaltraining.Arthur K. Shapiro is doing psychiatricresearch at New York University-BellevueMedical Center. He has had six papers pub­lished in recent years. His family has in­creased with the addition of a son, Peter,and a daughter, Moira.'56. William D. Odell is chief medicalresident at the University of WashingtonHospital. This summer he plans to work atthe National Institutes of Health, Endocri­nology branch of the Cancer Institute, atBethesda. The Odells now have four chil­dren, the latest being a daughter, Deborah,born last August.'58. Richard A. Weinberg, now a cap­tain in the Air Force, has been transferredfrom Philadelphia General Hospital to abase outside of Tokyo for a two-year tourof duty.'59. Donald Pellar is interning at CharityHospital in New Orleans. He will begin hisresidency in surgery at the Mayo Founda­tion in July.the retiring chairman of the Depart­ment of Pathology.The Eleanor M. Humphreys LoanFund (Rush 1931) established in 1958,when Dr. Humphreys retired as Pro­fessor of Pathology, has now reached$16,900.Since I last reported on the state ofour loan funds a year ago, contributionstotaling $25,000 have been made to thevarious student loan funds, including thenewly established Dr. Regina Greene­baum Loan Fund. At the present time,our student loan funds from all sourcestotal $160,000, and this year for the firsttime we have been able, for a select num­ber of deserving and needy medical stu­dents, to exceed the previously main- tained $500 per year limit on loans. Withthe ever increasing cost of medical edu­cation, it is obvious that many of our stu­dents require considerable financial as­sistance to enable them to pursue theirmedical studies on a full-time basis. For­tunately, our loan funds are steadily ap­proaching a level that will enable us tomeet the financial needs of all our needystudents. It is especially gratifying to methat our medical alumni have continuedtheir generous support of our medicalstudent loan funds, for it is our alumni.more than anyone else, who recognizeand appreciate the value of interest-freeloan funds for medical students.JOSEPH CEITHAMLDean of StudentsBiological SciencesMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 19THE FRESHMAN CLASS, 1959The class of 1963 assembled on ourcampus on September 30, 1959, to begina three-day orientation period before theAutumn Quarter officially opened. Thisfine group of three women and seventymen were carefully selected from 1,000applicants, and represent forty-two dif­ferent colleges and universities. The larg­est single group (21), as expected, camefrom the undergraduate college of theUniversity of Chicago, a somewhat largernumber than in recent years. Seven stu­dents came from the University of Illi­nois, three from downstate and fourfrom the Navy Pier Branch in Chicago.In addition. three students came fromBeloit College, including one of our twoforeign students. The complete list of allschools represented in the freshman classis as follows:University of ArkansasUniversity of ArizonaArizona State CollegeAugsburg College (Minn.)Augustana College (S.D.)Beloit College (3)Bluffton College (Ohio)Brooklyn CollegeCarroll College (Montana)University of Chicago (21)Duke UniversityEarlham CollegeHarvard College (2)Hastings College (Neb.) (2)Hiram College (2)Houghton College (N.Y.)Illinois CollegeUniversity of ll1inois(Navy Pier) (4)University of Illinois(Urbana) (3)Illinois Wesleyan UniversityUniversity of KansasLawrence College (Wis.)Loyola University (Chicago)University of MichiganMontana State College (2)North Central CollegeNorthwestern UniversityUniversity of Notre DameOberlin CollegeOhio State UniversityUniversity of PennsylvaniaPrinceton UniversityRipon CollegeUniversity of RochesterRoosevelt UniversityRutgers UniversitySt. Joseph CoUege (Ind.)San Diego State CollegeSyracuse UniversityUnion College (N.Y.)Western Reserve UniversityUniversity of Wisconsin The average age of the entering stu­dents was between twenty-one and twen­ty-two years. with fifty-one of the fresh­men actually being either twenty-one ortwenty-two years of age when they begantheir studies. The youngest freshman wasan eighteen-year-old University of Chi­cago graduate and the son of a RushMedical College graduate. The oldest wasa twenty-seven-year-old married student.who had previously been a graduate stu­dent in the Divinity School.The Committee on Admissions evalu­ates individual applicants carefully. bothon the basis of their personal qualifica­tions and on their scholastic achieve­ments and aptitudes. Consequently, itshould not be surprising that there wereth-ree in the entering class who had C+grade averages in college. Nineteen hadB or B- grade averages. while the ma­jority of the class (51) had compiledgrade averages of B+ or better in theircollege studies. It is also interesting tonote that the entering medical class didextremely well on the Medical CollegeAdmission Test. which is taken by allmedical applicants in the United States.Of the seventy-three entering freshmen,fifty-nine had received the Bachelor'sdegree before entering medical school,while the remaining fourteen had a min­imum of three years of college pre-medi­cal work. About 60 per cent of the stu­dents (42) came from families in whichat least one of the parents attended col­lege, and more than one third of the stu­dents (25) were from families in whichboth parents had received college de­grees. Of the three women in the class.one is married to a sophomore student inour School of Medicine. whereas theother two are single. Of the seventy menin the class. six are married and three ofthese have one child each.In sharp contrast to previous classes inrecent years, only one member of thepresent freshman class has been a mem­ber of the Armed Forces, and he servedin the Army for two years before enter­ing medical school.Five of the freshmen were born in for­eign lands (Argentina, Poland, Ukraine,Burma, and Taiwan). All five receivedtheir pre-medical training in the UnitedStates. and, except for the young menfrom Burma and Taiwan, are UnitedStates citizens.Ten of the entering freshmen are chil­dren of alumni of the University of Chi­cago, five being sons of medical alumni, while the other five have at least one par­ent who graduated from either our un­dergraduate college or from one of thegraduate programs of study.The family backgrounds of the enter­ing freshmen prove to be most interest­ing and diversified. For example, the oc­cupations of the fathers of these studentsrepresent a cross-section of our society interms of the professions. industry. andlabor. Collectively the fathers of our en­tering freshmen include fourteen physi­cians. four attorneys. four business ex­ecutives. two each of engineers. minis­ters, pharmacists. and college professors:also a missionary. a dentist, a schoolprincipal. an Army officer, a governmentexecutive. as well as a variety of skilledlaborers, office workers. and businessmen. Similarly. of the mothers. twenty­one have careers in addition to beinghousewives. Five are teachers. two areguidance counselors. and the remainderinclude a physician. a lawyer. a researchpharmacologist. a missionary. a news­paper editor. as well as office workers.store clerks. and factory workers.Scholastically. the present freshmanclass has a slight edge over classes admit­ted into our School of Medicine in recentyears. Moreover. if this class does nearlyas well as the upper medical classes nowon our campus, our Committee on Ad­missions will be well repaid for the longand painstaking care with which it se­lected the present freshman class. As inthe past. it remains our policy to selectour medical students with the greatestcare, and then to do everything possibleto help these students complete theirstudies satisfactorily.JOSEPH CEITHAMLDean of StudentsBiolo gical SciencesBULLETIN ,of the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINE950 East Fifty-ninth Street, Chicago 37, IllinoisVOL. 16 WINTER 1960 No.2EDITORIAL BOARDJESSIE BURNS MACLEAN, SecretaryWRIGHT ADAMS ELEANOR M. HUMPHREYSJOHN D. ARNOLD HUBERTA LIVINGSTONEL. T. COGGESHALL PETER V. MOULDERROBERT J. HASTERLlK WALTER L. PAUIER20 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETININTERNS 1959-6030"", , 1They are 1. John Ryan, 2. Mark Mueller, 3. Merton Koenigsberger, 4. Edwin Eigenbrodt, 5. Richard Leek, 6. Richard Duchelle,7. Morton Goldstein, 8. Howard Zeidman, 9. Robert Staley, 10. Norman Zucker, 11. Alan Sorscher, 12. James Roberts, 13. HarveyMeyers, 14. Mark Needle, 15. Peter van der Walde, 16. George Woodbury, 17. Rudolf Link, 18. Duncan Burford, 19. Paul Slotwiner,20. Paul HiIf, 21. Richard Evans, 22. Harry Melnick, 23. George Schmidt, 24. Richard DeGowin, 25. Bartolo Barone, 26. James Ange­vine, 27. Charles StilI, 28. Steven Conway, 29. Socrates Philopoulos, 30. Willard Fry, 31. Sanford Krantz, 32. Theodore Johnson,33. Gerasim Tikoff, 34. Yoshio Oda, 35. Francis Nance, 36. Yosef Pilch, 37. David Hirsch, 38. Richard Herz, 39. Carol Rutgers,40. Sue Smith, and 41. Joan Rumberg. Barbara McGann (absent)."When Nature her great masterpiece de­sign'dAnd fram'd her last best work the humanmindHer eye intent on all the wondrous plan,She formed of various stuff the variousMan"ROBERT BURNSThis year's group of interns could notha ve been better described than in thispoem, for variety is the keynote in the1959-60 internship class, variety in age, ininterest, in intellect, and indeed in all theattributes that make the "various Man."It's a Man's WorldOf the thirty-seven medical interns, fourare females, and the group ranges in agefrom twenty-four to thirty-six years.' Allof us are rotating interns except one of ourlady doctors who has a straight pediatricinternship.Four of this group are dental interns.Twenty-five of the thirty-seven are mar­ried, although there are many times duringthe year when the other twelve wish theratio were much higher. Seven have two ormore children and four have one child each.New York WinsThe thirty-seven give sixteen differentstates as their home stamping grounds in­cluding: New York, eleven; Illinois, seven;Tennessee, two; Louisiana, two; California,two; Michigan, three; and one each fromWisconsin, Iowa, Connecticut, Nebraska, New Jersey, Montana, Florida, South Caro­lina, Massachusetts-even our newest state,Hawaii, has sent us one of her native sons.Besides their M.D. degrees the groupclaims twenty-two A.B.'s, thirteen B.S.'s,three M.S.'s, and one of our fellows has hisPh.D. in genetics and three of us have plansto obtain Ph.D.'s during residency training.Sixteen say they were in the upper thirdof their medical school classes, seventeenprofess to have been in the very respectablemiddle third, and four put themselves in thelower third, although they wish it to benoted that they are from "very goodschools." Four of the thirty-seven haveparents who are physicians. Eleven haveheen elected to AOA, the honorary medicalsociety.From Many Places andto Many PlacesJust as diverse as the states from whichwe came are the schools where we receivedour medical education. Our own Universityof Chicago claims fourteen, Georgetown andColumbia share the next place with threeeach, while Johns Hopkins, Tennessee,Tufts, and Wayne each are represented bytwo. Others come from the University ofWisconsin, Louisiana State University,Northwestern, Tulane, University of Ne­braska, Albert Einstein, Loyola, Universityof South Carolina, and the State Universityof New York.At the end of our internship, we shalldisperse to a variety of places and into avariety of fields. The thirty-seven will goto twenty-one different institutions for theirpost-graduate training including seventeen who will remain at the University of Chi­cago. Others will go to Montreal, Cincin­nati, Stanford, Syracuse, Cleveland, Univer­sity of California, Columbia, Northwestern,University of Wisconsin, University of Penn­sylvania, Albert Einstein, Washington Uni­versity at St. Louis, Johns Hopkins, Men­ninger Clinic, University of Washington, andthe Bronx Veterans Hospital in New York.Specialists AllIn this age of specialization, we havesprinkled ourselves throughout all fields ofmedicine. Eighteen have chosen internalmedicine and its subspecialties, eleven aregoing to become surgeons, four will trainin pediatrics, three are going to be psy­chiatrists, and one will become an obste­trician.Many have already listed such subspecial­ties as neurology, neurosurgery, plastic sur­gery, pediatric surgery, ophthalmology,hematology, orthopedics, and urology,Teaching and Research a Prime GoalIt is only fitting that coming from sucha school as ours, nineteen of the presentinterns wish to remain in full-time academicmedicine and pursue various lines of clini­cal research. Ten express a desire to maketeaching 'an important part of their medicalcareers while eight are headed for the worldof the private practitioner.This then is the 1959-60 University ofChicago internship class, a group diverse inits makeup but homogeneous in its aim toserve mankind and to advance the scienceof medicine to the best of its ability.RICHARD EVANS, '59