Volume 13 AUTUMN 1956 Number 1TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF BOBS ROBERTSWELL-BABY CLINIC in the Rotunda of BobsOn October 11-13, 1956, the Depart­lent of Pediatrics celebrated its twen­-r-fifth anniversary. Because Dr. Doug-s Buchanan is the one member of the'riginal clinical staff still in the depart­.ent-and because he is Douglas Bu­ranan=-they chose to pay him specialmor,As a preliminary celebration, thedies of the Bobs Roberts Hospitalsrvice Committee were hostesses at an open-house tea on October 11. The pro­gram for the following two days was asfollows: the Joints in Sickle-Cell Disease";Adrian H. VanderVeer, Faculty, 1940-50 (Chicago): "Observations on Pedi­atric Psychiatry"; Walter R Hepner,Jr., '44, Resident Staff, 1946-50 (Uni­versity of Missouri): "Retrolental Fi­broplasia and the Central Nervous Sys­tern"; Clement A. Smith (Harvard Uni­versity): "The Oxygen Environmentand Requirements of the Fetus and theNewborn."FRIDA Y AFTERNOONF. Howell Wright presidingRobert M Chanock, '47 (Universityof Cincinnati): "Association of a NewType of Cytopathogenic Myxovirus withInfantile Croup"; Mary S. Sherman, '41(The Ochsner Clinic): "Degeneration of2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINFRIDAY EVENING-ANNIVERSARY DIN­NER AT THE QUADRANGLE CLUBDonald Cassels presidingSpeakers: Lowell T. Coggeshall,Franklin C. McLean, '10, and F. How­ell Wright.SATURDAY MORNINGRichard B. Richter, '25, presidingPercival Bailey, Faculty, 1928-39(University of Illinois): Introduction;Paul C. Bucy, Resident and Faculty,1928-41 (Northwestern University):"Neurosurgery in Childhood"; BronsonCrothers (Harvard University): "TheDevelopment of Children with So-calledFixed Lesions of the Central NervousSystem"; David B. Clark, '47 (TheJohns Hopkins Hospital): "Observationson Lesions in the Newborn Brain";Randolph K. Byers (Harvard Univer­sity): "Lead Poisoning Treated withVersene and Its Relationship to Intellec­tual Function"; Samuel P. Hicks (Har­vard University): "Experimental Con­genital Anomalies of the Nervous Sys­tem."SATURDAY AFTERNOON, 1: 30-3: 30Douglas Buchanan: Clinical Presen­tation.The major part of the scientific pro­gram was related to the nervous systemas a tribute to Dr. Douglas Buchanan.* * *We wish we could publish the entireprogram, from the first session to thelast, when Douglas Buchanan conducteda clinical presentation in honor of thetwenty-fifth anniversary. He more thandid honor to himself in a magnificentpresentation of superbly chosen cases.Anyone of our students who has at­tended his Saturday-morning sessionswill know that his audience would gladlyhave sat from 1 :30 to 5 :30 and thenwondered where the time had gone.We have chosen to publish the speechgiven at the Anniversary Dinner byF. Howell Wright, a member of the de­partment since 1940 and its chairmansince 1946. Howell Wright is too youngto have participated in the twenty-fiveyears of the department's history, buthe is old enough to have acquired his­torical perspectives and insight into pres­ent and future problems. He has livedand worked throughout a period of mira­cles, of rapidly changing therapies, andof new problems or, better, of changingawareness of problems. His thoughtfulsummary of the principles and objec­tives of his discipline can be translatedto other clinical disciplines. He has re­stated well the principles which guide theconscientious physician in terms of thespecial objectives of the teacher, the in­vestigator, and the clinician in a univer­sity medical school. HOWELL WRIGHT'S SPEECHOn behalf of the staff of the Depart­ment of Pediatrics I want to extend toyou a warm welcome and to express ourdelight that so many of you have beenable to join us in marking our quarter­century milestone. Dr. McLean has toldyou of the ideas and forces which, cata­lyzed by the generosity of Colonel andMrs. Roberts, resulted in the establish­ment of our hospital as a unit of theUniversity of Chicago Clinics and Medi­cal School. This would be an appropriatetime to pause, look back over the foot­hills of our progress to see from whencewe have come, and then turn towardthe mountains of opportunity which lieahead in the hope of charting a futurecourse. But I cannot hope to do justiceto the host of individuals who have con­tributed to our advance, nor can I clearlyforesee where the whirlwind progress ofmedicine is leading us. Therefore I shalllimit my remarks to a consideration ofsome of the problems which we andother pediatric departments currentlyface.A twenty-fifth anniversary is only amodest achievement in longevity eitherfor a children's hospital or for a depart­ment of pediatrics. Compared to institu­tions in England and on the Continentwe are in early infancy. Even in thiscountry the Philadelphia Children's Hos­pital has recently celebrated its hun­dredth anniversary. Departments of pe­diatrics are more recent innovations.Here among our guests are members ofthe department at Harvard, which, I be­lieve, is the oldest in the country, hav­ing been founded about sixty-eight yearsago. Yet, in spite of its comparativeyouth, the Bobs Roberts Memorial Hos­pital has lived long enough to witnessrevolutionary discoveries and significantsocial changes which have drastically al­tered the practice of medicine.Advances in PediatricsIn order to remind you of the mag­nitude and speed of medical progress, letme enumerate a few of the advances inpediatrics which have taken place sincethe first staff of the hospital was assem­bled under the leadership of Dr. FredericSchultz early in the 1930's. At that timethe infectious diseases had to be man­aged without benefit of sulfonamides,antibiotics, or gamma globulin. Diph­theria, pertussis, and congenital syphilishad not been brought under the almostperfect control which we can now exert.Infantile diarrhea still made its annualsummer visitation. Blood banks were notdevised, nor were supplies of plasma orits fractions available. The clinical sig­nificance of the Rh factor in transfusionreactions and in erythroblastosis foetaliswas unknown, and the technique of ex- change transfusion was still far in thefuture. No chemotherapeutic agents wereat hand for the palliation of leukemia.It would be another twenty years beforethe amazing effects of the adrenal ster­oids upon this and a wide variety ofother ills would be known. Congenitalheart disease aroused academic interest,but precise diagnostic techniques werelacking, and the cardiac surgeons had notventured into their bold and rewardingoperations. The planners of our hos-pitalclearly recognized the importance of bio­chemical studies of children in healthand disease, for they provided an un­usual amount of space equipped for thistype of investigation. But it is doubtfulif even these enthusiasts, and I presumeDr. McLean was one of them) envi­sioned the extent to which this disciplinewould influence our concepts of diseaseand insert its methods and instrumentsinto the conduct of our daily affairs. Fora full view of pediatric interests, thesecontrasts should be extended to includeadvances in neurology, in endocrinologyand genetics, and in the management ofthe newborn, of surgical disorders, andof the emotional and developmentalproblems of children. But the list isquite long enough to emphasize the rateat which pediatric knowledge is expand­ing and the multiplicity of fields fromwhich it derives sustenance.Oriented to ChildrenUnlike other specialties, pediatricsarose not through a concentration of in­terest upon an organ system, or a typeof disease, or a method of diagnosis ortreatment. Its orientation depends en­tirely upon the age of its patients. Ineffect it is the internal medicine of theyears of growth and development. Con­sequently, our obligations of knowledgeand skill extend into nearly all of theother fields of medical specialization.Even as Dr. Schultz assembled the firststaff of the hospital, he was aware thatthe days of the omniscient pediatricianwere drawing to a close and that an aca­demic department which could keep pacewith new developments would have toinclude individuals with specialized in­terests. From that original staff rosterwe are pleased to have among us tonighta pediatric biochemist, Dr. Swanson, anda chemical physiologist, Dr. Morse. Dr.Morse, incidentally, is the senior mem­ber of the staff from the point of con­tinuous service, for she has been con­ducting her careful measurements of car­diorespiratory function in our laborato­ries since the building was first opened.Among the early additions to the staffwere Dr. Buchanan, Dr. Kato, and Dr.Chamberlain, with interests, respectively,in neurology, hematology, and child guid-MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3DOUGLAS BUCHANAN, MRS. JEROME GREENBERG, MRS. MAURICE ROSEN­lLD, of The Endowment for Cancer Research, and HOWELL WRIGHT at the Bobsea Party.Ice, while Dr. Hoyne at the Munici­II Contagious Disease Hospital sup­emented the instruction in infectiousseases.Specialties and SubspecialtiesDifferentiation into sub specialties pro­essed as the department grew. Cur­ntly the senior staff is composed ofiysicians whose scholarly and researchterests encompass most of the majorbdivisions of pediatrics. These individ­.ls are collecting around themselves-teries of fellows, research associates,rd technical assistants to aid in the.nduct of investigative work and in there of patients. In the light of our own.st history and of events taking placepediatric departments all over theuntry, it seems certain that theseoups will increase in size and number.lis differentiation is repeating on aialler scale the metamorphosis whichs long since subdivided departmentsinternal medicine. As this growth pro­eds, we must strive to make it con-.uctive and productive rather than aere teratoma to us attempt to imitate amplete medical school within ourIII department. We must exploit and'engthen the congenial relationshipsiich we enjoy with other units of theedical school in order that our effortsly continue to be supplementary to,d collaborative with, theirs rather thanmpetitive.Specialties Create ComplexitiesGrowth in size and in complexity in­itably magnifies our problems. Both intellectual and mundane communicationwith one another becomes increasinglydifficult as our family enlarges and itsindividual members adopt differing tech­nical jargons. The doctor-parent-childtriangular relationship has become morepolyhedral as teams of specialists con­verge upon our patients, and we mustbe constantly alert to see that the childdoes not suffer because of poor integra­tion of their activities. More space mustbe found for laboratories and offices andmore funds to support these activitieswhich, at least in our branch of medi­cine, can never expect to be self-sup­porting. Before deferring to Dr. Cogge­shall on the problem of finance, I shouldlike to make one observation. Whilegovernment agencies and private founda­tions are making it easier for the estab­lished investigator to.obtain funds, thereis still a dearth of venture capital to aidpromising young pediatricians to extendtheir periods of training and to try theirwings in the research field. If we are totrain replacements for ourselves in ade­quate numbers, some means must befound to improve salaries and supportearly laboratory projects. Our depart­ment has been fortunate in this respectin having the Benjamin J. RosenthalFellowship and a loan fund provided byanonymous friends of the department,both of which have provided criticallyneeded help to young pediatricians, manyof whom have gone into academic postsin this country and abroad. This kind ofsupport needs to be augmented if we areto succeed in reproducing ourselves pro­f essionally. In addition to our practical problems,we have philosophic ones. As a depart­ment of pediatrics we are obviously con­cerned with the total welfare of children.We see, on the one hand, 'an opportu­nity to contribute through concentrationupon a field of special interest. This at­traction is strong, for it is likely to bethe most stimulating and personally re­warding aspect of our endeavor. At thesame time we feel the urge to maintainskill as all-round physicians to children,keeping informed of developments in allareas of pediatrics and preserving timeto function as doctors. How shall webudget our time? What are our obliga­tions toward the emotional lives of ourchildren? Can we legitimately blink awaythe great deficiencies in our understand­ing of this aspect of the child's life?Should we leave this field exclusively tothe psychiatric experts, or should wetake a more active interest, since we oc­cupy a unique vantage point as counselorto parents during the years of person­ality formation?Basic ObjectivesThese are difficult decisions for thedepartment as a whole and for each ofits individual members. As we search forcompromises between our ambition toperform well in all aspects of our fieldand the limitations of time and energy,we ought to have our objectives in view.These have not changed from the prin­ciples which motivated the founders ofthe department. I believe they can bestated rather simply under four head­ings:First, we have an obligation to ac­quaint our medical students with thefield of pediatrics and to teach them thebasic concepts and attitudes which willhelp them to be good physicians to chil­dren in whatever branch of medicinethey enter.Second, we seek to elevate the stand­ards of pediatric practice in our own andother countries through our preparationof residents and fellows who will be itsfuture petitioners.Third, we have an obligation to con­tribute new information to the body ofpediatric knowledge through laboratoryand clinical investigations and throughscholarly activity.If we perform well in Our pursuit ofthese three objectives, we shall auto­matically achieve the fourth, which isto provide a facility for the care ofchildren which will be technically com­petent, wise, and humane and which willconstitute a fitting tribute to the gener­osity of Colonel and Mrs. Roberts, whoestablished the Bobs Roberts MemorialHospital.I thank you and hasten to extend animmediate invitation to our fiftieth an­niversary celebration.4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINBOBS ROBERTSThe Roberts family is from Water­ford in the southeast of Ireland. TheCathedral of the See of Waterford wasbuilt in 1096. It was rebuilt in 1774, andthe architect was John Roberts. He mar­ried the daughter of Major Sautelle, whowas descended from a family of FrenchHuguenots. Although the Edict of Nan­tes in 1598 had given religious freedomto the Protestants in France, this free­dom was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685.The family of Sautelle then left Franceand settled in Ireland. Twenty-fourchildren were born to John Roberts andhis French wife.One of the children was the ReverendJohn Roberts, who married Anne, daugh­ter of the Reverend Abraham Sandys ofDublin. Their son Abraham became ageneral in the Indian army.Great Granduncle BobsIn 1830 Abraham married the widowof Major Hamilton Maxwell. Their sonwas born at Cawnpore in India. He wasFrederick Sleigh Roberts. At the ageof two years the boy had an acute illnessfrom which he lost the sight of his righteye. Later he was taken back to England by his mother. He entered Eton in 1845at the age of thirteen and then went toSandhurst in 1846. He finally enteredthe East India Company as a gunnerand was posted to the Bengal Artillery.He joined the Quartermaster General'sDivision, which at that time representedthe General Staff, and he was in Indiawhen the mutiny broke at Meerut onthe tenth of May, 1857. During the fight­ing he gained the Victoria Cross. Afterthe mutiny he returned to Waterford inIreland, and on May 17, 1859, at theage of twenty-seven he married MissNora Bews. The next thirty years hespent in service with the army in India.He became the commander and in 1892was made Baron Roberts of Waterfordand Kandahar. In 1895 he was appointedfield marshal. In 1899 at the outbreakof the South African war his son wassent to Africa with the Kings Royal Ri­fle Corps. This son, Lieutenant F. H. S.Roberts, was killed at Calenso on theriver Gugela. Like his father, he wasawarded the Victoria Cross. Lord Rob­erts was sent to South Africa in 1900.After his success in this war he was madeEarl Roberts of Waterford and Kanda­har and a Knight of the Garter. Thiswas the first such appointment since the decoration of Wellington after the Battleof Waterloo. Later in his career he wasmade Knight of St. Patrick and Knightof the Grand Cross of the Order of theBath. He was also awarded the Orderof Merit, the Grand Cross of the Starof India, and the Grand Cross of theIndian Empire. In 1914 he went toFrance with the British troops. He diedof pneumonia on November 14, 1914, atSt. Orner. On November 19 he was bur­ied in St. Paul's Cathedral.During his life in the army he. hada constant interest in the welfare of histroops. He was the original soldier'sfriend. and to the soldiers of his armyhe was known as "Bobs." He was small,an excellent horseman, and blind in theright eye. He was Field Marshal Fred­erick Sleigh Roberts, Viscount St. Pierre,Earl Roberts of Kandahar, Pretoria, andWaterford, V.c., K.G., K.P., G.C.B.,O.M., G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E.He was the great-granduncle of CharlesRadnor Robert Roberts, to whose mem­ory the Bobs Roberts Memorial Hospi­tal is dedicated. Bobs Roberts, the sonof Colonel and Mrs. John Roberts, wasborn on October 28, 1911, and died onMarch 23,1917, of a streptococcus in­fection. DOUGLAS BUCHANANGold keys of the Medical Alumni werepresented at the 1956 Reunion to E. M.K. Geiling and to Robert RussellBensley.Eugene Maximillian Karl Geiling,a native of the Orange Free State and agraduate of the University of SouthAfrica, chose to come to this countryand to the University of Illinois at Ur­bana for his graduate studies. With hisPh.D. in physiological chemistry fromthe Department of Animal Husbandryin 1917, he returned to South Africa toteach. In 1920 he came again to thiscountry, as it turned out, to stay. Fortwo years he worked at Yale Universityas Seesal Fellow under Lafayette B.Mendel. Invited to pursue his studies atThe Johns Hopkins University by thedean of American pharmacologists, John]. Abel, he proceeded to Baltimore.After attaining his M.D. in 1923, hetaught in the Department of Pharmacol­ogy and worked for years as a colleagueand disciple of the great Dr. Abel untilhis departure for Chicago. With Abel heperformed the classical experimentswhich resulted in the crystallization ofinsulin.He came to The University of Chi­cago in 1936 as professor and chairmanof the Department of Pharmacology and MEDICAL ALUMNI KEYSGElLINGsince 1941 has been the Frank P. HixonDistinguished Service Professor.He has played a great role in the de­velopment of experimental pharmacol­ogy and in training teachers and investi­gators, among them many medical stu­dents inspired in his laboratories. Onthe national scene he has worked tire­lessly in the areas where pharmacology's role is vital in preventing disasters andin safeguarding health. His most recentresearch has been in the husbandry, notof animals but of plants. He has workedespecially with the foxglove, convertedinto an unique drug factory by radioac­tive isotopes.Robert Russell Bensley, of the De­partment of Anatomy and for more thantwenty years its very active professoremeritus, was not able to receive the keyhimself. He was ably represented by oneof his favorite students, Normand L.Hoerr, '31, of Western Reserve Uni­versity. Dr. Bensley died a few daysafter the Reunion, and Dr. Hoerr haswritten a statement in appreciation ofhim for this Bulletin (see p. 13).The Medical Alumni Reunionwas held at the Hotel Shorelandon June 7 complimenting the sev­enty members of the class of 1956.Fiftieth and fifty-fifth anniversarygraduates of Rush Medical Col­lege were our honored guests.This part of the Bulletin is de-·voted to the Reunion program­the addresses, the awards, andsome of the pictures.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINI WONDER 5PAUL R. CANNON, Rush '26Professor and Chairmanof the Department of PathologyA year ago, on his retirement from theBoard of Trustees of the University ofChicago, Mr. Harold Swift talked at our-eunion about the birth of the Universitymd its medical school. His title was "IRemember."This year, one of our elder statesmen',poke of his doubts and speculationsibout the future of medicine.When the members of the Class of1906 were graduated from Rush Medical:::ollege fifty years ago, I wonder howmany of them wondered about theipproaching disappearance of coal-oilamps and horse-drawn plows, of dusty.oads and buggy whips, or about the ap­rroaching appearance of tractors, hard'oads, automobiles, airplanes, radios,.elevision, radar, and atomic bombs. Andvhen, some years later, in World War I,.hese still-young doctors from Rush were:onfronted with empyema and Dakin'sluid, gas gangrene, tetanus, compound'ractures, fat embolism, and the prob­ems of shock, I wonder how many won­lered about the theoretical advantagesif research in relation to blood banks,.ulfonarnides, antibiotics, and balancedslectrolyte solutions. And tonight we toonay wonder what the coming years williring, as well as how and when.This year approximately eighty-onenedical schools are conferring the twonagical letters upon some seventy-fiveiundred. Each of the seventy-five hun­Ired is an expensive and therefore airecious commodity. A conservative esti­nate of the investment in each student'or the eight years since high school is;15,000, with internships, residencies,md military services still ahead. We mayvonder what this means in relation tohe future mounting costs of medical:are.It is obvious that such an upper- tax­iracket class will not have to wonder00 much about the business of makingl living. But, if any of its members.hould be so inclined, some economicacts are reassuring. In a recent study.eported by a committee of the Ameri­.an Association of University Profes­.ors, a study in which the real per capitancome of certain professional groupsvas compared with that of the countryIS a whole (based on figures for 1939-W), physicians ranked at the top, fol­owed by dentists and lawyers, and, atong last, by the instructional staffs of. selected list of universities and col­eges. Moreover, a recent study by the)epartment of National Revenue of:anada shows that, in 1953, physiciansank first in per capita income, followed.losely by consulting engineers and archi- CANNONtects, and then by lawyers, accountants,and dentists. I wonder what these setsof figures really mean in relation to thestatements so often made concerning adoctor shortage, tha t is, whether physi­cians as a class are prospering tempo­rarily by virtue of an unanticipated andunplanned "economy of scarcity."Assuming, however, that the membersof the Class of 1956 will soon be ableto build their heavily mortgaged homesin suburbia, I wonder whether in someways they will be as lucky as their pred­ecessors. To be sure, they will have attheir command a rich assortment ofchemotherapeutic agents, because ofwhich they will be spared many of theheartaches once an almost inevitable ac­companiment of the treatment of a vari­ety of infections. They also will havewell-organized hospitals in which to prac­tice. But in some ways their problemswill be more complex, because, amongother things, of the mounting numbersof elderly patients with less remediablemaladies. At the same time, and becauseof the amazing ingenuity of the modernchemist, they will be almost coerced intotrying out ever increasing numbers ofnewer drugs designed to cure every ail­ment except possibly the final one.The Price We PayIs it any wonder that iatrogenic dis­ease is on the increase? We often tryto console ourselves with the thoughtthat this is a corollary of progress; asone prominent physician has said, it isthe price we pay for progress. Certainlythe calculated risk is not a new conceptin medical thinking. 1'; evertheless, thecalculators of the calculated risk havenot always had high batting averages.No doubt physicians twenty-five yearsago felt justified in taking the calculatedrisk when they prescribed radium waterfor the treatment of arthritis and radiumchloride for the treatment of schizophre­nia, but now we see the consequencesas iatrogenic bone sarcoma. Today, more­over, we are seeing the pathologic con- sequences of ionizing radiation on an en­larging scale, particularly in relation toleukemia. In fact, only a short time agoa report in Science suggested the possibleinduction of leukemia in patients follow­ing earlier treatment with radioactiveiodine; and we are all concerned aboutthe facts being presented by Dr. DwightClark and others relative to the possiblelater development of cancer of the thy­roid resulting from radiation therapy inchildren for benign conditions such asenlarged tonsils, enlargement of thethymus gland. cervical adenitis, etc.Reticulum cell sarcomas are appearingin patients previously injected withthorotrast. What will happen some yearshence in view of experimental evidencethat such substances as Evans blue, try­pan blue. congo red, and the blood-ex­pander, PVP, all have carcinogenic po­tentialities? We may also wonder aboutthe relation of leukemia, aplastic ane­mia, granulocytopenia, and thrombocy­topenic purpura to myelotoxic effects ofdrugs and whether the complications ofcurrent therapy with the newer antineo­plastic compounds are merely rude re­minders of the ramifications of iatrogen­ic disease. In short, in view of Our pres­ent ignorance about many of these prob­lems, we may wonder what will be saidtwenty-five years from now concerningthe price we pay.Social and Economic ChangesIt is interesting to wonder, too, whatmedical adaptations can be anticipatedin conjunction with the social and eco­nomic changes accompanying our ex­panding industrialization. Forecastersstress the steady flight from farm tocity. balanced only partially by a coun­terflight from city to suburbia. But evenin suburbia new factories spring up,bringing with them the old problems ofsmog and smell, of population densityand social pressure. I wonder in whatways medical practice in the comingyears will be affected by, and will adjustto, these changing situations.New Problems with CancerWith our expanding industrializationhave come environmental alterations ofincreasing complexity, particularly withrespect to cancer. The once dominantproblems of bacterially contaminatedair and water have now been consider­ably replaced by those of carcinogens­problems especially difficult to evaluatebecause of the long induction time be­tween exposure to carcinogenic agentsand the emergence of malignancy. Per­tinent data are gradually accumulating.Thus Stocks and Campbell in England,studying the problem of cancer of thelung, have reported that concentrationsof smoke, sulfur dioxide, benzpyrene,and other polycyclic hydrocarbons rise6 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINMOULDER and HODGESwith increasing urbanization; and inLiverpool it has been found that theamount of benzpyrene in the air wasfrom eight to eleven times that of ruralareas. Elsewhere it has also been foundthat the concentration of benzpyrene insmog-filled air was about four timesthat of normal air. In short, in our in­dustrial cities we seem to be living in a"carcinogenic sea" made murky by in­dustrial wastes of many sorts. In suchan environment it is impossible to avoiddaily contacts with carcinogens insmoke, auto and diesel fumes, dustsfrom tarred, oiled, and asphalted roads,tobacco smoke, carbon black from tirefrictions, as well as, at times, with as­bestos, chromates, arsenic, nickel, beryl­lium, oil-refinery products, isopropyloils, radiation, etc. Such contaminationmay have contributed to the fact thatduring the first half of the present cen­tury, and in many areas of the world,cancer has risen as a cause of deathfrom eighth to second place. I mightadd as a further example that in ourlatest 1,000 consecutive necropsies, 560were of malignancies.In addition to the contamination ofthe air, we may wonder, also, to whatextent our water supplies are becomingcarcinogenically polluted in view of thefact that in some cities of the world thedrinking water has been shown to con­tain both industrial wastes and carcino­genic substances. Moreover, it is a com­mon practice in many places to line orseal water mains with tar or asphalt;and the detection of carcinogenic mate­rials in water is less easy than the dem­onstration of the presence of E. coli.I wonder what problems will emergewhen extensive studies will have beenmade of potable waters supplied nowa­days to most of our industrialized cities.Safety of Food SupplyA particularly interesting problem atthe present time is that of the safetyof our food supply, in view of the factthat some eight hundred to a thousand chemical substances are getting into itin one way or another as non-nutritivecontaminants. These materials are thereas a result both of food production andof food processing. In the first instancethey appear non-intentionally, mostly inthe form of pesticidal residues; in thesecond, as intentional additives.Concerning the non-intentional addi­tives, the fact is seemingly inescapablethat, if we are to grow enough worm­free food to sustain our increasing popu­lations, pesticidal poisons are essential.The primary problem in relation to con­sumption, therefore, is the establishmentof safe tolerances for many if not mostof these residues. Despite the vastamount of time, work, and money re­quired for ordinary toxicological testing,comparatively few compounds now inuse have been tested for carcinogenic­ity; and, as Hueper has pointed out,there is no necessary relation betweentoxicity and carcinogenicity, in thatminimal carcinogenic doses as a rule aredistinctly lower than minimal chronictoxic doses. As an example beta-neph­thylamine, which is such a potent in­ducer of bladder tumors, has a low tox­icity but is highly carcinogenic.Intentional Additives to FoodsWhat may be said about the severalhundred compounds added intentionallyto our processed foods in order to impartcertain desirable qualities of taste ortexture, of sight or smell? These addi­tives include a large variety of syntheticdyes, surfactants, antioxidants, bleaches,flavoring agents, and the like. Most ofthem are undoubtedly harmless; otherspresent serious problems, particularlythe synthetic dyes. For example, in theUnited States in 1953-54, over 1,500,000pounds of synthetic dyes were produced,with an annual estimated per capita con­sumption of 4.5 grams. Of further sig­nificance is the fact that, during the pastyear, three of these dyes which hadbeen approved by the Food and DrugAdministration were removed from thelist because of evidence that their in­jection into rats caused the developmentof fibrosarcoma. Many of the others arenow being more carefully screened forcarcinogenic potentialities.Must the Future Be Gloomy?In view of the marvelous achieve­ments of the first half of this century,one may wonder whether the secondhalf need necessarily be an "era of catas­trophe," as has been suggested by oneEuropean cancer authority. Particularlyalarmed about the problem of cancer ofthe lungs, he has predicted that, if thepresent trends continue in the UnitedStates, by 1970 one death in ten will bedue to pulmonary cancer. I wonder,however, whether it will be necessary,in the solution of this problem, to close all cigarette factories for twenty-fiveyears, as has been suggested by anothercancer expert. Such a measure, indeedmight be interesting even though corn-DR. HARVEYparable, perhaps, in practicality to abill introduced into Congress to tradethe Philippines for Ireland in order togrow our own policemen.In the fight against cancer, one maywonder to what extent research is be­ing directed along lines aimed at theelimination of cancer at its source. Wemay wonder, for example, whether, ifthe presently known environmental car­cinogens were rattlesnakes, we wouldlook so complacently at their unre­strained propagation. It is interesting,moreover, that the filter tips were putthere by the cigarette manufacturers,whereas the exhausts of our motorcarsare still unfi ltered. The traffic red lights,around which the carcinogenic fumesare presumably the densest, were notput there as cancer warnings.It is obvious, of course, that in ourpresent state of incomplete informationabout many of these problems, not muchcan be done in cancer prophylaxis. Butto the extent that environmental car­cinogens are important contributors tothe development of cancer, it wouldseem the part of prudence to eliminatethem from our environment so far asthat may be possible. It seems to begenera lly agreed by mili tary tacticianstha t offense is the best defense. Thatprinciple has also been abundantlydemonstrated with respect to the controlof smallpox, enteric infections, typhus,tetanus, diphtheria, malaria, etc., andwe can hope that it is now being provedfor poliomyelitis. We all can wonderwhether it will not also be true in rela­tion to the diseases which now repre­sent the dominant problems in medicine.But, in any case, there is no doubtthat. for a long time to come, we willcontinue to have much about which towonder.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 71901 AND 1906 RUSH GRADUATES AT REUNION1906 Graduates: FIDLER, WHITELAW, and MOCKCharles Fidler of Milwaukee was nois, in the horse-and-buggy days withirn in 1880. After internship at Chi- a short interval out for army service. In.go Emergency and in Milwaukee he 1927 he moved to Mendota, where heitered general practice in January, enlarged his practice to include "some"l08, and except for one year in the obstetrics; he has delivered three thou­my he has continued in Milwaukee, sand babies in less than thirty years. Dr.niting his practice to general surgery. Avery continues in active practice.e was professor of surgery at Mar- He was accompanied by his brother,Jette University Medical School from Mr. Ferris A. Avery.)20 to 1947 and has been chief of the Alfred Nicholas Murray was bornirgical staff of Milwaukee County Gen- in 1873 in Bloomington, Indiana. Heal Hospital and St. Mary's and is still held positions as organist and choir di­lief of the Department of Surgery at rector in Bloomington churches after.. Mary's. Mrs. Fidler accompanied graduating from high school, and form to the June 7 Reunion Banquet. four years was a page in the House ofHarry Edgar Mock, born in 1880, Representatives in Washington. It wasis retired from his practice in Chicago not until 1895 that he decided to be­id spends most of his time in Ormond come a doctor and enrolled at Rusheach, Florida. Mrs. Mock accompanied Medical College. He was graduated inm on June 7, as did his two sons, both 1901 and interned at St. Elizabeth's Hos-ictors, and their wives. pita!. For three years he practiced gen-For his outstanding achievements in eral medicine in Lowden, Iowa, and ins long career, Dr. Mock was given the 1905-6 he studied ENT in Vienna and[edical Alumni Distinguished Service Breslau. Upon his return he establishedward at this reunion. The presentation practice in his specialty in Chicago,printed on page 8. where he continues to be active.Henry Neil Whitelaw received his Dr. Murray published Ophthalmic and.S. degree from The University of Chi- Aural Technique and has contributed to19O in 1904 and after his M.D. in 1906� interned at Presbyterian Hospital. Heigaged in general practice in Oakes­tie, Washington, until 1927, when he.ok a year of postgraduate study inew York and St. Louis. In 1928 inorvallis, Oregon, he established a prac­:e with special emphasis on obstetricsid gynecology. He still does limitedork at his office and at Corvallis Gen­al and Good Samaritan hospitals.Mrs. Whitelaw accompanied him fromrrvallis for this reunion.Wilbur M. Avery, born in Compton,Inois, in 1876, matriculated at Rush in97. For five years after his graduationpracticed with his preceptor in Comp-n. Then for twenty-one years he prac­ed general medicine in Pawpaw, Illi- other texts on ophthalmology. He is affil­iated with the Augustana, Ravenswood,and United States Marine hospitals andwas at one time president of the Chi­cago Ophthalmology Society. He andMrs. Murray, who accompanied him,have been married forty-seven yearsand have two sons and six grandchildren.Testimonials were sent to:Fiftieth anniversary: Miriam Gard­ner Bassoe, Evanston, Illinois; HarryReber Berry, San Francisco, California;Halbert B. Blakey, Columbus, Ohio;Nathan Boggs, Goodwell, Oklahoma;Thomas Harris Boughton, Trenton,New Jersey; O. G. Brubaker, Man­chester, Indiana; Arthur S. Hoon,Missoula, Montana; Ira K. Humphrey,Cordova, Illinois; Allen A. Norris,Elkhart, Indiana; Robert InskeepRizer, Minneapolis, Minnesota; AlvinB. Snider, Blue Island, Illinois; San­ford A. Winsor, Pompano Beach, Flor­ida; Carl W. Sawyer, Marion, Ohio;and Richard Howells Wellington,Portland, Oregon.Fifty-fourth: James H. Fowler, Lan­caster, Wisconsin, and AlexandreThomas Nadeau, Marinette, Wiscon­sm.Fifty-fifth: Frank Albert Eckdall,Emporia, Kansas; J. A. Gosling, Tiffin,Ohio; Hamilton N. Morrow, Fremont,Nebraska; John C. Petrovitsky, Hack­ensack, Minnesota; Herbert GaimesVaughan, Attleboro, Massachusetts;and Frank S. Williams, Villisca, Iowa.Fifty-sixth: William Healy, Clear­water, Florida; Harry Wicks Morcom,Orr, Minnesota; and Leroy D. Rocke­feller, Long Beach, California.Fifty-seventh: George W. Gearhart,Springville, Iowa; Frank Jesse Otis,Moline, Illinois; Julius Schiller, Am­sterdam, New York; and B. F. Stevens,El Paso, Texas.Seventy-fourth: John Knox Kut­newsky, Evanston, Illinois.1901 Graduates: MURRAY, AVERY8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINFOUR ALUMNI HONORED FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICERICHARD EBERT, MRS. EBERT, andDR. MICHAEL EBERT.In presenting Richard VincentEbert, '37, Clayton G. Loosli, '37, said:Dr. Ebert received a B.S. degree fromthe University of Chicago in 1933 andhis M.D. in 1937, graduating with PhiBeta Kappa and Alpha Omega Alpha.He interned at Boston City Hospitaland from 1939 to 1942 was a residentand research fellow in medicine at theHarvard Medical School. After fouryears of military service with the FifthGeneral Hospital in the EuropeanTheater, he was professor of medicine atthe University of Minnesota and chiefof medicine at the Veterans Administra­tion- Hospital from 1946 to 1953. Forone year he held a similar position atNorthwestern University. Dr. Ebert isnow professor and chairman of the De­partment of Medicine at the Universityof Arkansas.Like many of you who have and willgraduate tomorrow, Dr. Ebert began hiscareer as a teacher and investigatorwhile an undergraduate in the medicalschool. He assisted in the teaching ofanatomy and pathology and received en­couragement and guidance in his re­search on lipoid nephrosis from Drs.Wells, Cannon, and Humphreys. Whileat Harvard with Drs. Soma Weiss andEugene Stead he began his long series ofstudies on physiological problems of thecardiovascular system and the peripheralcirculation in health and disease. Duringthe war he contributed much to ourknowledge of the mechanism of shockin battle-wounded individuals, for whichhe was awarded the Bronze Star Medal.His interest in this field was stimulatedby the work of Dr. Dallas B. Phemister,who was actively engaged in the studyof shock when Dr. Ebert was a student.His researches and scholarly endeavorsin the field of medicine soon won himthe high esteem of his colleagues, as in­dicated by his election to the leadingclinical research societies. One of the unique features of the resi­dency training program introduced byDr. Ebert is emphasis on the art of in­vestigation as well as the art of medi­cine. Several highly qualified teachersand investigators who received theirtraining with him now hold importantacademic appointments in a number ofmedical schools.It is indeed an honor and privilege topresent Dr. Richard V. Ebert-scholar,teacher, and investigator-for the Medi­cal Alumni Distinguished Service Award.Walter L. Palmer, '22, presentedMorris Fishbein, Rush '12, in thesewords:Dr. Morris Fishbein was graduatedfrom Rush Medical College in the fa­mous class of 1912. This class containedmany men who made their mark in theensuing years, including Arno B. Luck­hardt, Distinguished Service ProfessorEmeritus of Physiology of The Univer­sity of Chicago; Josiah ]. Moore, who,for more than twenty-five years, hasbeen secretary-treasurer of AlphaOmega Alpha and treasurer of theAmerican Medical Association; andRussell M. Wilder, one-time professorof medicine and chairman of the de­partment at The University of Chicago,professor and chief emeritus of the De­partment of Medicine of the MayoFoundation, and the recipient of theMedical Alumni Gold Key in 1955.Even before graduating from medicalschool, Dr. Fishbein became associatedwith Dr. Ludvig Hektoen, professor ofpathology at The University of Chicagoand Rush Medical College, working atthe McCormick Institute for InfectiousDiseases. His ability in the editorial fieldwas apparent early, for in 1913 he wasappointed assistant editor of the ] our­nal oj the American Medical Associa­tion, devoting more and more of his timeto this position until 1924, when he be­came editor. The twenty-five-year periodin which Dr. Fishbein was editor of theJournal was a period of expansion andgrowth both in the circulation of the] ournal and in its quality and its influ­ence. During these years Dr. Fishbeinbecame a prolific writer, publishing morethan twenty-two books and editing thir­teen more. He was perhaps best knownfor his penetrating and persistent at­tack upon quacks and quackery andfads of all kinds in medicine.As a speaker Dr. Fishbein is facile,keen of wit, and brilliant in his presenta­tion. He has probably addressed morelay audiences than any physician in theworld, and it is reliably assumed that heknows by name and face more physi­cians than any other man.Dr. Fishbein has stubbornly fought for better medicine and for higher stan.ards. He has been lecturer in medic;history and economics at the Universilof Illinois and also at The University «Chicago for many years. In 1942 he WIawarded an honorary D.Pharm. degnfrom Rutgers University.Dr. Fishbein has lived most of his lilin the vicinity of The University of Chcago. He has supported the institutiomost loyally. -It is a privilege to present him for tlDistinguished Service Award of tlMedical Alumni.John Van Prohaska, '33, presenteHarry Edgar Mock of the fiftieth annversary class of 1906:Harry E. Mock, Sr., was born a littlless than three-quarters of a century agin Muncie, Indiana. Even though Illinowas to become the major theater of hactivities, he has always remaineproud of his Hoosier origin.He attended Franklin College ,Franklin, Indiana, for two years anthen transferred to The University cChicago, where he received a B.A. degree. He was graduated from the RusMedical College in 1906. Like so manof the top medical students, he took tbhighly competitive Cook County Hospital examination for internship anplaced twelfth. While waiting for his internship to begin, he served as a countrdoctor in South Dakota .. His pioneerimspirit almost kept him there, but the desire for new knowledge brought hinback to Chicago and back to CooCounty Hospital. Following his internship he returned to the Department 0Surgery at Rush Medical College anithe Presbyterian Hospital, where he waunder the influence of men like NicholaSenn and Dr. Frank Billings.His steadfast desire to improve existing standards led him to accept a pioneering position in the field of industriaPALMER and FISHBEINMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 9KEITH GRIM SON meets the HARRY MOCKS. JOE CEITHAML does the honorsedicine and surgery. He wrote the first and Faculty in Surgery, 1935-42, wasxtbook on industrial medicine and presented by J. Garrott Allen:irgery, which was published shortly Keith Grimson came to the Univer­ter World War 1. During World War sity of Chicago in 1930 upon completionour candidate served as a colonel in of his college education at the universityre Surgeon General's Office. His chief of his native state, North Dakota. Afterity was the rehabilitation of 'disabled his first two years of medical educationildiers and the publication of the Army on the South Side, he transferred toagazine Carry On, which served as a Rush, graduating with the class of 1934.oral crutch to the disabled veterans. After an internship at the Presbyteriant the end of World War I, he served Hospital, he returned to the South Sidei the U.S. Army representative to the as an assistant resident in the Depart­ter-Allied conference on rehabilitation ment of Surgery under Dr. Phemister.id trauma which met in Rome. The year 1939 was spent at the Univer­Harry Mock became a nationally sity of Ghent in research with Corneilleiown medical consultant to industry. Heymans, professor of pharmacology ine became the editor-in-chief of a three- that institution, who was the Nobelilume work on Physical Therapy. Laureate in Medicine for that year.During his busy life the candidate ===============================lent a great deal of time in research,irticularly bone growth and the healing, fractures. Head injuries became his.eatest interest. His lectures, writings,id exhibits clearly presented the physi­.ogical basis of the trauma associatedith head injuries. These lectures wereirected to the general physician and'ayed an important role in the reduc­on of the mortality rate from this.rious injury. These efforts culminatedI the publication of his book, Skullractures and Brain Injuries. This bookdedicated to his four sons. When Dr.lock dedicated the book to his sons, hed not know that the dedication appliesI all physicians in the world, for theedication states: "To my sons, what­zer specialty they follow, may theyever forget to be doctors." Dean Cog­sshall, for these and many other.hievements and on the occasion ofs fiftieth year in medicine, I presentr. Harry E. Mock, Sr., for the Medicallumni Distinguished Service Award.Keith Sanford Grimson, Resident WALTER LINCOLN PALMERHONOREDFormer students and colleagues ofWalter 1. Palmer seized the joint oc­casions of his sixtieth birthday and hisassumption of the presidency of theAmerican College of Physicians to ex­press their appreciation and affection. Ata cocktail party on June 10, in the homeof Dr. and Mrs. Joseph B. Kirsner, morethan one hundred and fifty friendsbrought their congratulations in personand celebrated in his honor. Letters andtelegrams came from many who wishedthey could be present.Dr. Alfredo Calderon, who made thelong journey from Lima, represented agroup of eight Peruvian physicians. As ameasure of their appreciation he broughta rare gift, a box made of lignum vitaeand covered with pre-Incan tapestry. Asecond rare testimonial was a handsome­ly bound volume of letters from formerstudents and colleagues written to honortheir friend, Walter Palmer. Dr. Grimson returned to The Clinicsto assume his duties as Chief Residentin Surgery in 1940 to 1942. He at onceembarked upon a vigorous research pro­gram, studying the autonomic contr�l ofhypertension in the experimental ammaland in man. He performed the first com­plete sympathectomy in man in thetreatment of hypertension. His re­searches and studies disclose the care­fulness of a true scientist, advancingbasic knowledge and applying this toclinical problems as they arose.At the age of thirty-four, Dr. Grim­son left The University of Chicago tostart at the bottom rung of the academicladder in the Department of Surgery atDuke University. In the course of thenext seven years, he proceeded througheach rank of its academic structure, be­coming professor of surgery in that in­stitution in 1949.His researches have continued in thefield of his earlier training, always inconjunction with autonomic physiologyand pharmacology as applied to humandisease. Peripheral vascular disease andvagotomy and their pharmacologiccounterparts have been clarified a greatdeal by his contributions. He was amongthe first to study the clinical effects ofbanthine upon gastric secretion. Dr.Grimson was among the first to investi­gate the effects of hexamethonium inthe treatment of peripheral disease andhypertension. Much of our currentknowledge is rightfully attributed to hiscareful work.The University of Chicago is right­fully proud of Keith Sanford Grimson.This citation is awarded with our ad­miration and affection.ELIZABETH and W ALTER PALMER10 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINUNIVERSITY HONORS BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTSWilliam Cumming Rose, John Rod­man Paul, and Owen H. Wangensteenwere awarded honorary degrees of Doc­tor of Science at the June Convocationby The University of Chicago.WILLIAM CUMMING ROSEProfessor of Biochemistry, Universityof IllinoisHis scientific training was received atYale University under Lafayette Men­del, one of the pioneers in Americanbiochemistry. The major part of hisacademic career has been spent at theUniversity of Illinois, where he hasROSEserved with distinction as professor andhead of the Department of Chemistry.His investigations have been con­cerned primarily with protein metabo­lism, a field to which he has made manyvaluable contributions during a periodof over thirty years. His concern withproblems of fundamental theoretical im­portance has not prevented his workfrom leading to practical applications ofthe greatest value to human welfare.His most outstanding single contributionhas been the discovery and elucidationof the structure of the essential aminoacid, threonine. This has led to the de­velopment of a rational approach to theproblem of protein nutrition and hasculminated in the determination of theamino acid requirements for animals andmen. The fifteenth and final paper of anelegant series elucidating the total nitro­gen requirements of the adult humanappeared only last December, and, sincethis represents the completion of ahighly significant and arduous scientificstudy, it is particularly appropriate thathe should be presented here at this timefor the degree of Doctor of Science.EARL A. EVANS, JR.JOHN RODMAN PAULProfessor of Preventive Medicine,Yale UniversityDr. Paul, professor of preventive med­icine at Yale University since 1940, hashad a distinguished career in academicmedicine signalized by important con­tributions to the teaching of preventivemedicine, the training of young men,and research on the epidemiology andcontrol of acute infectious diseases. Hiseminence has been recognized in his re­cent election to the presidency of theAssociation of American Physicians.PAULDr. Paul has made many importantcontributions to our knowledge of rheu­matic fever. He has devised a test forthe diagnosis of infectious mononucle­OSIS.His fundamental studies have contrib­uted much to recent measures for thecontrol of poliomyelitis.By his meticulous laboratory investi­gations and his epidemiological studies he has contributed to our knowledge ofthe dissemination and control of manyother important virus diseases.During World War II and the Koreanconflict he rendered invaluable service toour armed forces through his studies ofinfectious diseases which threatened theireffectiveness. He has also given gener­ously much time in consultation withvarious public health agencies whichhave to do with the prevention of diseaseand the maintenance of civilian health.CLAYTON G. Loosr,r, '37OWEN H. W ANGENSTEENProfessor and Director, Department ofSurgery, Uniuersity of Minnesota. HospitalsA skilful and courageous surgeon, Pro­fessor Wangensteen is also a resourcefuland indefatigable investigator who hasmade great contributions to our knowl­edge of the surgical treatment of intesti­nal obstruction, peptic ulcer, and abdom­inal cancer.He is an inspiring teacher, and, largelythrough his efforts, his department inMinnesota has become one of the fore­most centers for surgical research.He and his students are playing aleading role in the newly developing fieldW ANGENSTEENof surgical treatment for diseases of theheart and larger blood vessels.LESTER R. DRAGSTEDT '21MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 11anton j. (tetlson1875-1956By LESTER R. DRAGSTEDTThomas D. Jones Professor and Chairman, Department of SurgeryIn the death of Dr. Carlson the worldhas lost a vigorous voice for human free­:lom, science has lost a biologist of greatcritical judgment and intuition, and theUnited States has lost a great citizen.He frequently spoke of himself as anAmerican by choice rather than the ac­.ident of birth. He was always grateful:0 America and to The University of::hicago because they gave him an op­oortunity to work at something that he:hought was worthwhile. Biological sci­ence was the field of his main endeavor,md here he displayed the qualities of a'esourceful, imaginative, and indefatiga­ole investigator. His first work on the:omparative physiology of the cardiacierves and the nature of the heartbeatirought him international recognition.I'hese early studies on the Limulus andlis later work on the nerve impulse in. nails demonstrated his inventive capac­ty to make use of many forms of lifeor the solution of his problem. Latertudies on the functions of the digestiveract, the visceral sensory nervous sys­em, and the endocrine glands reflect his.rowing interest in medical problems.vlany of these were done in a fruitfulollaboration with his most distinguishedtudent and colleague, Dr. A. B. Luck­iardt. The two formed a team oftenpoken of as the American counterpart,f that of the English physiologists Bay­iss and Starling.Leader in Biology and MedicineThe biological insight that Carlson ac­[uired from his years of investigation ofhese fundamental questions enabled himo discuss clinical problems with greatuthority and effect. His gift for keennalysis and his ready wit and pungentriticism so often displayed at scientificaeetings gave him an acknowledged-lace of leadership in biological and med­.al societies. It is probable that no man1 America not engaged in clinical prac­ice had so great an effect on medicine.In 1946 the American Medical Asso­iation voted him its highest honor, theiistinguished Service Award. He was aiember of the National Academy ofciences and of the American Philosoph­.al Society and served as president ofne American Association for the Ad­ancement of Science, the American'hysiological Society, and the Institute: f Medicine of Chicago, as well as ofiany other organizations. Medical men.nd biological scientists all over the'nited States have acknowledged their'reat indebtedness to his dynamic teach­tg, his integrity, and his colorful per- CARLSONsonality. These qualities attracted tohim a large number of able students whoin turn became teachers in other medicalschools. The profound influence of agreat teacher is nowhere better illus­trated than in the life and career ofDr. Carlson.The trained intuition or biological in­sight that made for his success as amedical investigator also enabled Dr.Carlson to survey with clear eyes thesocial and political problems of the day.Whenever and wherever human freedomwas threatened by legislative action orprejudice Carlson was always in the fore­front as the courageous, clear-thinking,vigorous-speaking champion of thosewhose rights were threatened. When Mus­solini invited the International Physio­logical Society to meet in Rome, Dr.Carlson alone objected. He called atten­tion to the Fascist law which requiredthat all university professors in Italymust swear an oath of personal alle­giance to Mussolini. He prophesied thatrivers of blood would be shed before theItalian people regained their liberty. Thispassion for individual freedom found ex­pression also in his work as president ofthe Association of University Professorsand as a member of the American CivilLiberties Union. When he perceived thatmedical research was hampered and inmany places checked by the antivivisec­tion movement, he founded and organ­ized the National Society for MedicalResearch to protect medical and biologi­cal research against this form of fanati­cism.His experience in the first World Warwhen he served as a lieutenant colonelin the Food Division of the Army im-' pressed him with the enormous futilityand tragedy of war. After the fightingceased, he supervised the field work ofthe Hoover Commission in feeding thestarving children of Yugoslavia, Austria,Poland, and the Baltic countries. He wasfilled with a vast compassion for theplight of helpless children in a disruptedsociety. When he returned to Chicago,he devoted time and effort in helping tosecure free lunches for poor children inthe public schools. This interest in chil­dren also prompted him to take an ac­tive part in the National Society for theStudy of Infantile Paralysis. He wasvery pleased that he lived to see the de­velopment of an effective means for theprevention of this disease. It was also asatisfaction to him that the use of ani­mals in the preparation of the poliomye­litis vaccine was made possible by thework of the Society he founded .Early Education and TrainingDr. Carlson came to the United Statesfrom Sweden as a poor immigrant boysixteen years of age. Before leavinghome, his character had been largelymolded by a wise and affectionate motherand a manual training teacher in thepublic schools who must have had un­usual qualities. From these, young Carl­son acquired a love of industry, thrift,honesty, and an ambition to do some­thing worthwhile in the world. He camefirst to Chicago and secured employmentas a carpenter in Englewood on Chicago'ssouth side. Here he came in contact witha Swedish Lutheran minister who recog­nized Carlson's unusual qualities and ad­vised him to pursue his education at theAugustana Academy and College in RockIsland. An intensely serious student,Carlson completed the required work inmuch less than the usual time and se­cured his Bachelor's degree in 1897 andhis Master's degree in philosophy in1898. During his early years at Augus­tana he had some notion of becoming aminister in the Swedish Lutheran church,but after much anxious thought aban­doned this for a career in science. Herejected philosophy and chose physiologybecause he believed that the latter sub­ject permitted experimental verification.Throughout his life he championed thescientific method of controlled observa­tion and experimentation and urged itsextension into other fields. He insistedthat no adequate judgment could bemade except on the basis of all the factsand always askecl for the evidence. Hewas impatient with those who called fora moratorium on scientific research be-12 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINcause this had made possible the de­velopment of terrible weapons of de­struction. He was confident that a betterunderstanding of man and nature throughthe conscientious employment of themethods of science would lead to a wisercontrol of man himself. In his closingyears he devoted much thought to thesocial responsibilities of scientists andurged that these receive more serious at­tention. The American Humanist Asso­ciation elected him "Humanist of theYear" in recognition of these efforts.With Family and FriendsThe softer side of Dr. Carlson's na­ture was best displayed at the summercolony on Elk Lake near Rapid City,Michigan, of which he was a founder­member. Here he cast off the burdensof the day and relaxed in the companyof his family and friends. He enjoyedfishing, and his solitary figure in a duckboat silhouetted against the evening skyforms a picture that his friends will longremember. He loved to sit around thecampfire with his children and sing oldSwedish songs. His wife, Esther SjogrenCarlson, is his sweetheart of collegedays at Augustana. Much of what he ac­complished in life was made possible byher work at his side caring for the homeand the education of the children. Theolder son, Robert, is in business in Cali­fornia and the younger, Alvin, is a sur­geon in Dayton, Ohio. The daughter,Alice, is the wife of Professor Hough ofthe University of Illinois.Scientist, philosopher, teacher, and hu­manist, A. J. Carlson made a great con­tribution to his adopted country, hisUniversity, his fellow scientists, and themedical profession. However, the manwas greater than any of his achieve­ments; his personality was in itself hisgreatest achievement. AJAX: An AppreciationLAWRENCE A. KIMPTON, ChancellorThe University oj ChicagoThe origin of the nickname "Ajax" isburied in the mists of time, but it wasapt, for this was a man of Homericstature in the world of science and thelife of this University. Those of us whoadmired and loved him find it difficultto put these Homeric proportions intowords that would not have given himoffense. Although he was one of the mosteloquent men I have ever known, it wasthe eloquence of simplicity, becomingwhen he was strongly moved-and heoften was-abruptly blunt. He has beenquoted for half a century on these quad­rangles, but his memorable sayings wererepeated for their truth, not their or­nateness.A. ]. Carlson served this Universitywith enormous distinction for fifty-twoyears. For me, as a relative newcomer,he was one of the great links with ourinspiring past, who could talk of the daysof Harper as if they had never gone.And yet he never for an instant becamea venerated symbol of past glory, his orthe University's. If he had been inclinedtoward poetry, he could have said withanother Homeric hero: "How dull it isto pause, to make an end,/To rust un­burnish'd, not to shine in use!" For hisactivity never ceased, there was no wa­vering of his magnificent courage and in­tegrity, and his curiosity about the worldand man if anything increased with ageand illness. As no man I have everknown, he is a symbol to us, but a livingCARLSON, KIMPTON, and COGGESHALL at the reception for the Chancellor fiveyears ago. symbol of our past, our present, and, :trust, our future.Dr. Carlson loved this University, antfor three generations he represented thlbest that was in it. He was a great sci.entist, and all the honors of the profession came to him. And science was monthan a profession for him; it was hi!way of life. The question he made faIn the laboratorymous-"Vat iss the effidence?"-he ap­plied to his every thought and act, andhe made others apply this yardstick ifthey chose to engage him in debate. And,at the same time, he was a great teacher.There was .no undergraduate or graduatewho moved into his orbit-and thou­sands did-who was not profoundly in­fluenced. But with all his stature as ascientist, and his great gifts as a teacher,it is for his character that we of thisUniversity admire him most. He despisedfraud, and he exposed it upon every oc­casion. His ability led him to the truth,and his courage led him on to fight forit, and he was called "Ajax." With allhis toughness he was kind and thought­ful and infinitely tolerant of humanfrailty. His standards of quality wereunbelievably high, and he asked nothingof others that he did not demand ofhimself. He was one of the noblest ofthat great company who built The Uni­versity of Chicago, and we honor himmost if we recall and apply those idealsand aspirations he held for his University.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 13Dr. Bensley often remarked to mehat, if he had not had the hunting ac­ident which cost him his left leg, henight have remained a farmer all hisife. At the age of twenty, while he was.lone on a hunting excursion near Hamil­on, Ontario, he suffered a severe gun­hot wound which severed a large artery.Ie had the presence of mind to apply. tourniquet and call for help. At firstlis leg was amputated below the knee,.ut gangrene set in, and a second ampu­ation, high in the thigh, had to be per­ormed. Following the second amputa­ion, thrombophlebitis, septicemia, andndocarditis developed.His convalescence took about a year.)uring this time Bensley did a prodi­ious amount of reading and became verynuch interested in biology and especially11 histology. He persuaded his father to.uy him a microscope, and he begantudying some of the plants and animalsvhich were available on his father'sarm. At that time rust was damaginghe wheat, and Bensley tried to solve theiroblem. He never did solve the prob­em, but in the course of his studies heearned a great deal about staining prep­rations. He learned how to make dyesrom bark and fruit and how to mountlis preparations with balsam collectedrom blisters on a tree in the front yard."his year of study at home during hisonvalescence opened up a whole new.orld of science to him and began whatvas to be the central theme of all hisuture investigations-the structure andunction of the cell.The Pancreas and Its IsletsWhen we think over Bensley's longnd fruitful career, we think immediatelyf some of his better-known contribu­ions. Beginning in 1906, he investigatedhe pancreas and in a series of studiesstablished the islets of Langerhans asntities distinct from the acinar cells. Heevised staining methods which dis tin­uished the alpha and beta cells. Asveryone knows, these investigations ledJ the discovery of insulin.Before Bensley's studies, the litera­ure on the islets of the pancreas wasonfusing and contradictory. Although.aguesse had early suggested that the.lets had an endocrine function, manyrominent investigators determinedlyiaintained that these islets simply rep­esented the exhausted state of the se­retory acini of the pancreas and thatie size and number of the islets varied'ith the secretory activity of the pan­reas. Rob(rt RU5Sdl )S(nsl(�)867-)956By NORMAND L. HOERR, '3�Payne Professor of Anatomy, Western Reserve UniversityBENSLEYBensley approached the problem bydeveloping supravital staining methodswhich stained all the islets in the pan­creas and made possible actual countsof the islets. He also worked out a meth­od for staining the ducts by vital dyes.These various methods made it possibleto study the functional changes of theislets, to determine their relation to theducts, and to ascertain the precise effectsof duct ligation. In his Harvey Lecture,delivered in 1915, Bensley stated as fol­lows:"We can now state with assurancethat the islets of Langerhans are special­ized elements of the pancreas, havingsecretory powers differing from those ofthe acinus tissue, developing in embry­onic life from the undifferentiated epi­thelium of the pancreatic anlagen andin post-fetal life from the epithelium ofthe ducts. The islets have a peculiarblood supply characterized by its directarterial source, by the larger calibre ofits capillary vessels, and by the close as­sociation of the latter with the epithelialcells. These experimental morphologicalstudies give us no information as to thenature of the internal secreting functionwhich is obviously indicated by theirstructure. For enlightenment on this topicwe must look to further experimentalwork."Since Bensley's work had left no doubtthat the islets of the pancreas were in­dependent structures which had an in- dependent function, Banting was stimu­lated to carry out extraction studiesfrom a duct-ligated pancreas. By choos­ing the proper time following duct liga­tion when the acini were degenerated,but while the islet tissue was preserved,Banting was able to recover active in­sulin. In 1952 the American DiabetesAssociation honored Dr. Bensley withthe award of the Banting Medal becauseof the great service he rendered in thefield of diabetes.Mitochondria without CellsAnother important contribution wasthe isolation of mitochondria fromguinea-pig liver in 1934. Bensley showedthat intact mitochondria could be iso­lated from macerated cells in sufficientquantity to be subjected to chemicalanalysis. Subsequently it has been foundthat these little particles in the cell con­tain the respiratory enzymes, and theinvestigations of the past twenty years,stimulated by this pioneer work of Bens­ley, have added greatly to our knowl­edge of the metabolism of the cell.Tissues, Cells, and ParticulatesHowever, to mention two of Bensley'sbetter-known contributions, like thestudies on the islets of Langerhans andhis isolation of mitochondria, may giveundue emphasis to these investigationsand minimize the consistent brilliance ofhis work over a span of sixty-five years.Before 1900 he had devised a micro­chemical test for iron in cells and tissuesand had discovered the neck chief-cellsof the gastric mucosa. In 1903 he pub­lished the still classical description ofthe duodenal glands of Brunner. In 1910he wrote a paper on the canalicular ap­paratus of animal cells which is still ofinterest to cytologists. In 1915 and 1916he advanced a hypothesis on the modeof secretion of the thyroid gland whichis still accepted.Many other articles could be cited toshow the wide range of Bensley's in­terests. However, they are all basedupon his main interest, the correlationof structure and function in the cell.This interest led him to suggest manyapproaches to his students which havebecome important. For example, he re­called some early experiments which Alt­mann had carried out by means of fro­zen dehydration and suggested this meth­od to Gersh as a preparatory step forfurther cytological studies. The develop­ment of the fused quartz-rod transil­lumination method by Knisely was be-14 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINgun with encouragement from Bensley.Many of the supravital staining meth­ods which Bensley invented are still inuse today. The most recent method hedevised was that of macerating tissuesso as to separate the parenchymatouscells of an organ from their supportingframework in such a manner as to leaveeither the cells or their nuclei or theirparticulate components intact. Then, bydifferential centrifugation, different com­ponents of the cell could be isolated formore precise and direct chemical study.R. R. B.-an AppreciationTo give a catalogue of some of Bens­ley's accomplishments does not give apicture of the warmth and full gener­osity of the man. He became director ofthe department of anatomy at the Uni­versity of Chicago in 1907 and made itone of the great departments of anato­my in the world by his wise selection ofcolleagues and his support of them. Thedoor to his laboratory was always open,and for everyone who walked in, whetherhe was a medical student, a graduatestudent, a colleague, or a visiting scien­tist, he always had a friendly word.Throughout his long career, men evenin fields other than anatomy were ac­customed to drop in on him for advice.From his fund of knowledge and hisimaginative ability he was always ableto stimulate them to a line of thoughtwhich later proved fruitful.Those of us who had the privilegeof working closely with him in our in­vestigations soon discovered his enor­mous powers of concentration as well ashis unbelievably photographic memory.On the days when he was working outthe answer to a question in which hewas deeply interested, we sometimesfound that, although we had stopped into talk with him about a different topic,in a very short time the conversationrevolved around the question he wasmulling in his own mind. At such timeswe rapidly saw that it would not be cour­teous to bother him further and quicklyleft. However, at lunch or later that eve­ning we might find him more relaxed, and then he would come back to thetopic with which we had been concernedand offer most valuable help.We who worked with him were oftenpuzzled by Bensley's detailed knowledgeof current literature. We could not seehow anyone who was so busy in thelaboratory found time to read papers inmany different fields. For example, al­though he had never concerned himselfdirectly with experimental work in can­cer, he knew a great deal about the cur­rent work on cancer. His retentive mem­ory and his vivid imagination enabledhim to point the way to the diagnosis ofan islet cell tumor. In 1930 he was visit­ing professor at Washington Universityin St. Louis and, in talking to one of theresidents who was puzzled by the symp­toms and findings in one of his patients,suggested that the patient might have atumor of the pancreas. The patient wasoperated upon, and an islet-cell tumorwas discovered in the tail of the pan­creas. Many more examples of Bensley'shelpfulness to people outside his ownlaboratory could be mentioned.Bensley often made the remark that"people might think of him as beingmainly interested in devising new meth­ods. I think that he used to say this tohis students so that he could explain hisdefense against this theoretical accusa­tion. He would continue by saying thathe had never been interested in methodsas such but in the fundamental biologi­cal problem. It is quite true that throughthe years, in trying to answer funda­mental cytological problems, he wasforced, as he used to say, to developnew methods of approach. Therefore, inhis early years. he took a great interestin staining methods and thereby becamean authority in dye chemistry. In 1917,when our supply of German stains wascut off, Bensley was able to advise someof the American chemists on the manu­facture of dyes. Now, thirty-five yearslater, we are no longer dependent onforeign sources for the dyes used in bi­ology and medicine.I have mentioned the stimulation thatBensley's graduate students and visitors received from him. In the routine teach­ing of undergraduate medical courses hewas completely unsystematic, and manyof his colleagues considered him a poorteacher. He had no interest in surveyingan organized body of knowledge forthe student. His main interest in teach­ing was to stimulate the student intoreading and thinking and learning forhimself. The student who wanted to bespoon-fed found no sympathy fromBensley.Although Bensley lost a leg at the ageof twenty, he never allowed this handi­cap to keep him from any of the in­terests of an active, full-blooded person.He not only continued hunting but tooka great interest in fishing and all otheroutdoor pursuits. During World War Ihe organized a rifle club which held itsmeetings under the old stadium andtaught many of the students how toshoot. With some of his colleagues inanatomy and botany he organized a rifleteam which placed second at a nationalmeet in the middle twenties. He was anexpert performer on both the violin andthe piano. From his early days in col­lege, where he took a double course inboth the humanities and science andwhere he developed a great love for lan­guages, he retained considerable fluencyin French and German and kept an ade­quate reading knowledge of Italian andSpanish as well.Bensley retired more than twentyyears ago, and with each passing yearfewer men were able to meet him andreceive the inspiration of his acquaint­ance. His increasing feebleness in thepast five years gradually reduced hisvisits to the laboratory. However, hecontinued working to the very end, andhis last paper, an address delivered tothe Histochemical Society in April, 1953,was received with great enthusiasm bythe audience. As usual with Bensley, histalk was not only of the accomplish­ments in science in the preceding fiftyyears but was full of optimism forprogress in the years to come. Eventhough he was almost eighty-nine whenhe died, he died young.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 15Mr. Thurstone, Charles F. GreyDistinguished Service Professorof Psychology, was a member ofThe University of Chicago facultyfrom 1924 to his retirement in'1952.Lester R. Dragstedt, one of hisoldest friends at the University,delivered this address at the me­morial service for Mr. Thurstonelast May 24.To those of us who have chosen tolend our lives in the work of a great'niversity and to live in the Universityrmmunity, the spirit of our comradesof more consequence than the mate­al aspects of life. The death of Dr.'hurstone has diminished the Univer­ty that I knew, has diminished theimmer home where I spend my vaca­ons, and, as John Donne has said soell, has diminished me. In this assem­ly of his friends, I like to recall someharacteristics of Dr. Thurstone thatnriched my life and whose loss has.ft an aching void.I knew his work in only a general'ay, but I could perceive his aim andie elegance of his method. He was.ained as an engineer and mathemati­ian, and he applied the precision oflese disciplines in his work in the diffi­ult and complex field of mental function.cience extends from the infinite to theifinitesimal, and the astronomer who:udies the galaxies of the universe cane just as much a scientist as the physi­.st who deals with elementary particles.'he biologist who studies the single cellno more a scientist than the psycholo- 1[OU1S 1[(On 1Jrhufston(1887-1955tion of their household affairs and de­voted care made it possible for him toexpend all his effort in scholarly andscientific work.Dr. Thurstone was a man with deepconvictions and was above all clear,forthright, and courageous in expressingthem. In commenting on the turbulentworld scene, he once remarked that thebasic desires of nations and their inter­minable conflicts were not fundamental­ly different in kind or more praiseworthyin aim than those of schoolboys in thestreet. To understand one was to under­stand the other unobscured by the guileand dishonesty of the adult pretention.He had a hot temper, and his angeroccasionally flashed at some evidenceof deceit or wilful misrepresentation.However, he had also a remarkable ca­pacity for self-control and self-disciplineand it was these characteristics that im­pressed me from the time that I firstcame to know him. It was these attri­butes that gave him that exhaustless pa­tience and gentleness that characterizedall his dealings with his own childrenand with other young people.He was fastidious in his dress, ele­gant in his diction, and a delightful con­versationalist. He enjoyed good stories,laughed heartily at funny ones, but rare­ly told any. He loved his summer homein Michigan and never tired of watchingthe sunsets on his beloved Elk Lake. Hewas my neighbor there for many years,and, when he died, he left a sorrowingand admiring group of devoted friends.The sunsets have lost some of their radi­ance since he is gone. A great Universityis compounded of the spirit and work ofmen like Thurstone. This is the price­less ingredient.LESTER R. DRAGSTEDTTHURSTONEgist who defines and measures mentalabilities, motivation, and thought. It isthe rigor of the method employed thatmeasures the man and his work. Dr.Thurstone was in every sense a scien­tist, and his life was spent in a sustainedeffort to make the study of the mind inhealth and disease a scientific disciplinewith experimental procedures and con­trols similar to those which have provedso fruitful in physics and chemistry. Hewas impatient with a lesser aim andoften said that in most instances thesocial sciences should be spoken of associal studies. How many times he musthave wished that the subjects of hisstudies could be measured with the toolsof the physical sciences that he learnedto use as an assistant in the laboratoryof Thomas A. Edison.It does not lessen his stature to ac­knowledge his great debt to his wifeand lifelong scientific collaborator, Mrs.Thelma Thurstone. Her efficient direc-BORDEN AWARDDonald F. Steiner won the BordenAward for meritorious research com­pleted during his medical training. Hispaper was "The Production of Precipi­tating Antibodies in Vitro."Steiner's interest in research wasmanifested early-in his Freshman year,on his own time, he worked with Dr.William Bloom on histologic studies ofbone. In the next three years he partici­pated in a research program under Her­bert S. Anker in biochemistry andearned the M.S. degree last summer.After his internship at King CountyHospital in Seattle this year, Steinerhopes to combine research and clinicalwork in his future career.16 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINDEATHS'90. John Boal Maxwell, Logansport,Ind., July 5, age 97.'91. Peter Lawrence Scanlan, Prairie duChien, Wis., February 29, age 93.'93. Warren Graham Brown, Osage,Iowa, March 30, age 91.'94. Marlin Samuel McCreight, Oska­loosa, Kan., February 10, age 85.'95. Christian Alexander Allenburger,Columbus, Neb., April 26, age 85.'96. Frank B. Harmison, Chicago, June10, age 86.William Duncan McNary, Milwaukee,Wis., April 15, age 85.'97. Frank H. First, Rock Island, III.,January 7, age 84.'99. Edward Charles Franing, Galesburg,III., March 17, age 87.Abraham Poska, Seattle, Wash., June 17,age 78.'00. George Lee Prentice, Troy, Iowa,April 22, age 77.'01. Wilfred Edwin Blatherwick, New­town, N.D., April 7, age 85.William O'Dwyer, Madison, Wis., June15, age 79.Herbert Wollesley Rayner, Sacramento,Calif., May 16, age 83.'02. Adelbert Harold Benson, Albuquer­que, N.M., July 1, age 77.Edward William Quick, Milwaukee, Wis.,April 10, age 86.'as. Raymond Samuel Brown, Morris,III., April 18, age 77.John Ripley Corkery, Spokane, Wash.,February 13, age 73.William Justin Marvel, Chicago, Febru­ary 29, age 78.'07. Edward Whitney Bodman, San Ma­rino, Calif., April 20, age 76.'OB. Robert Bain Hasner, Royal Oak,Mich., September 15, age 72.'09. Benjamin Braude, Chicago, May 16,age 69.'10. Clarence Clyde Hickman, Lincoln,Neb., June 13, age 72.'11. George Ralph McAuliff, Chicago,April 3, age 7l.'12. Charles Augusrus Burkholder, Chi­cago, July 27, age 70.Eugene Talmage Phelps, Hebron, Neb.,June 15, age 71.'13. Nathan Smith Davis III, Chicago,April 20, age 66.Homer Marlatt McIntire, Waseca, Minn.,April 11, age 71.William Stanley Timblin, Rockford, Ill.,August 9, age 67.Edwin Clay White, Kansas City, Mo.,June 20, age 68.'15. Lee Monroe Miles, Albuquerque,N.M., January 13, age 68. '16. Harold Alfred Ramser, Chicago,March 11, age 65.'17. Ernest Charles McGill, Evanston,111., March 31, age 66.Edward Henry Schlegel, Fort Wayne,Ind., February 15, age 63.'lB. Cecil Evan Lowe, Mobridge, S.D.,January 26, age 63.'19. Eugene Opet Chimene, Forest Hills,N.Y., June 26, age 60.Charles Thomas Nellans, Roswell, Ga.,April 12, age 61.'23. Jean Robert Heatherington, LosAngeles, Calif., March 23, age 59.Orrin V. Overton, Janesville, Wis., June17,age58.Joseph Tours Sperl, Gary, Ind., May 18,age 70.'25. Ralph Wennerberg Erikson, Chi­cago, February 13, age 56.Cummings Herrington McCall, Gulf­port, Miss., July 2, age 59.'29. Frederick Robert Bennett, Chicago,April 12, age 53.Clifford Cannon Fulton, Oklahoma City,Okla., June 22, age 53.'30. Charles Lynville Leppert, Rockford,III., March 25, age 53.'34. Joseph Brilling Cushman, San Jose,Calif., January 17, age 49.Charles Kendal Neher, Cleveland, Ohio,June 24, age 51.Jackson Townsend Ramsaur, Gastonia,N.C., June 28, age 48.Resident Staff, '35. Francis Traill Hodges,San Francisco, Calif., August 15, age 48.'36. Karl O. Nielson, Heber, Utah, May12, age 51.Irvin Peter Lawrence Schuchardt, Aber­deen, S.D., February 6, age 49.'37. Irving Leinwand, New York City,July 13, age 45.'3B. Herbert A. Weitzner, Berkeley,Calif., June 19, age 44.'41. Robert B. Sweet, Ann Arbor, Mich.,July 10, age 39.'44. Justin Donegan, Chicago, March 7,age 44.'53. Carvelle Babcock, Jackson, Miss.,March 19, age 29.'55. Robert Franklin Johnson, Chicago,May 27, age 28.PROMOTIONSTo Professor:Kenneth DuBois-PharmacologyEugene Kennedy-BiochemistryHerbert Landahl, Ph.D., '41-Mathemat­ical biologyEdith Potter-Pathology (Obstetrics) To Associate Professor:William Barclay-MedicineMerlin Bergdoll-Food Research InstituteGeraldine Light-AnesthesiologyDavid Lochman, '41-RadiologyCharles McCartney, '43-ObstetricsTheodore Pullman-MedicineLloyd Roth, '52-PharmacologyDavid Talmage-MedicineTo Research Associate (Associate Projes­sor) :Lucy Graves Taliaferro-MicrobiologyTo Assistant Professor:Marc Beem, '4B-PediatricsErnest Bueder, '50-MedicineBenjamin Burrows-MedicineCharles Clayman-MedicineRichard Farr, '46-MedicineNicholas Fugo, '50-ObstetricsWilliam Kabisch-AnatomyLawrence LanzI-Radiology and ACRHFrederick Malkinson-DermatologyGeorge Miller-UrologyJurgen Plotz-ObstetricsHoward Raskin-MedicineNandor Szent-Gyorgyi-Medicine & SHSAndrew Thomson-MedicineTo Research Associate (Assistant Projes­SOl') :George Catravas-BiochemistryGeorge Okita-PharmacologyTo Instructor:Thomas Beaman-OphthalmologyPaul Beres-MedicineWarren Chapman, '52-UrologyLouis Head-SurgeryArthur Haelig-MedicineRobert Kassriel-MedicineEdwin Tutt Long-SurgeryAndrew Lorincz, '52-PediatricsGeorge Martin-PathologyStanley Rigler-SurgeryLeonard Rolfes-PediatricsAdolph Rosenauer-NeurosurgeryJoseph Skom, '52-MedicineJean Spencer, '50-MedicineRichard Sterkel-MedicineTo Research Associate (Instructor):Alfred Heller-PharmacologyTo Chief Resident:Paul Beres-MedicineHarry Oberhelman, Jr., '47-SurgeryLeonard Rolfes-PediatricsMEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 17NEW APPOINTMENTSCRANEWilliam A. }. Crane, lecturer inathology from the University of Glas­DW, became Research Associate (As­stant Professor) in the Ben May Lab­ratory on October 1.Dr. Crane, a medical graduate of thelniversity of Glasgow in 1947, has beenssociated with that university in patho­igical research and teaching since thatme.He wiII spend a year here in research'ork with Dr .. Dwight J. Ingle.DICKINSON R. Hugh Dickinson was appointedAssociate Professor of Psychiatry onJune 1. He took his undergraduate workat Cornell and received the M,D. fromthe University of Nebraska College ofMedicine in 1943. His residency train­ing was completed at Michael ReeseHospital, and he was graduated fromthe Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysisin 1953.Dr. Dickinson practiced in Omaha forthe last five years and was assistant di­rector in charge of training and educa­tion of the Nebraska Psychiatric Insti­tute of the University of Nebraska. Healso taught graduate students in socialservice and was consultant to the Fam­ily and Children's Service Agency ofOmaha.He has continued his interest in com­munity work here and is setting up aresearch project to study non-verbalcommunication.William M. S. Ironside, of TheRoyal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland,has been appointed Assistant Professorof Otolaryngology in the Department ofSurgery as of October 1.Dr. Ironside was graduated in medi­cine at the University of Aberdeen in1945 and became a fellow of the RoyalCollege of Surgeons, Edinburgh, in 1953.In 1954-55 he was a fellow and instruc­tor of otolaryngology here, and his re­turn is welcomed by his many friends atThe Clinics.John F. Kramer became AssociateProfessor of Psychiatry and AssistantDirector of Student Health Service onIulv 1. 1956. IRONSIDEDr. Kramer was graduated from theUniversity of Michigan in 1943 andcomes here from Yale University Schoolof Medicine. His residency training wasat Children's Hospital, Los Angeles; Al­fred Dupont Institute, Wilmington;Child Development Institute, New YorkHospital; Rochester Child Health Insti­tute; and Yale. He is Board-certifiedboth in pediatrics and in neurology andpsychiatry.KRAMER18 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINGeorge Gomori Moves toPalo AltoGeorge Gomori, professor of rnedi­cine, pathologist, surgeon, and world­renowned his to chemist, left The Univer­sity of Chicago on October 1, 1956, tobecome pathologist at the Palo AltoClinics in California.Dr. Gomori was born in Hungary in1904. He received his medical degreefrom Budapest in 1928. He was in theDepartment of Surgery in BudapestGRADUATE NEWS'31. A. R. McIntyre, professor of pharma­cology at the University of Nebraska, andProfessor Harold R. Griffith of McGill Uni­versity were awarded the International Fel­trinelli Prize in Medicine for 1954 by Aca­demie Liocia, Rome, for their independentinvestigations of curare.'32. Egbert Fell, of Chicago, has beenmade an active member of the AmericanAssociation for Thoracic Surgery.'35. Maurice R. Friend has been ap­pointed professor of psychiatry at the NewYork School of Social Work, Columbia Uni­versity.1. Dell Henry, of Ann Arbor, is presidentof the Washtenaw County Medical Society.'37. Carl C. Pfeiffer, chairman of the De­partment of Pharmacology at Emory Uni­versity, has been appointed acting directorof the health science division of that insti­tution.Mr. A. K. Jim, the father of Vernon, '44,Robert, '48, and Edward, '55, was namedthe "Model Father of the Chinese Communi­ty" in Hawaii by the United Chinese Societyof Honolulu this year. Mr. and Mrs. Jimand their two older sons were in Chicagoin June, 1955, for Edward's graduation andthe reunion festivities.'45. Frederick Kittle, Kansas City, Kan­sas, has been elected an associate member ofthe American Association for Thoracic Sur­gery.John W. Partridge is seeing service inthe Navy at the United States Naval Hos­pital, Bremerton, Washington.Warren Wilhelm has resigned as medicaldirector of the Kansas City Research Clinicand has gone into private practice of internalmedicine.'46. Dan Enerson will join the full-timesurgical staff of the State University ofNew York at Syracuse on January 1. Hehas been in private practice in Muncie, In­diana, since he left The Clinics a year and ahalf ago.Enerson is at work on a class news round­up that he hopes to send to all members ofhis class before the holidays. In Septemberhe visited Jack Kahoun in San Mateo, Cali­fornia, and reports a class gathering therewhich included Ed Senz, Bill Drennan,E. Gregory Thomas, Mary Swanberg, andDuval Jaros and their wives (and husband).Edward R. Munnell will join the Okla­homa City clinic group this coming year.'47. Capt. Daniel Weaver is chief ofanesthesia at the United States Army Hos­pital, Fort Benning. He expects to returnto Tufts University Medical School in June,1958. '48. Guillermo Mateo has a new son,John Stephen, born February 20. He is prac­ticing internal medicine in St. Paul.'49. 1. E. Karges is enjoying general prac­tice in Grand Rapids, Minnesota. TheKargeses have four children.'52. Alvan R. Feinstein is instructor inmedicine at New York University Schoolof Medicine and clinical director of Irving­ton House.Louis Gluck is in general practice inLakewood, New Jersey. On January 1, 1957,he will be a research fellow and resident inpediatrics at the Babies Hospital, Columbia­Presbyterian Medical Center, New York.The cover on the November ScientificAmerican is from a photograph of LloydRoth's apparatus that illustrates his ar­ticle on "Radioactive Tuberculosis Drugs"on page 135.Donald Tapley is studying in the De­partment of Biochemistry at Oxford Uni­versity.'53. Alexander Breslow is beginning apathology residency at Massachusetts Gen­eral Hospital. The Breslows have twodaughters, Faith, age two, and Abigail, agesix months.'54. Richard Thompson is in Okinawa.Dorothy Windhorst is a resident indermatology at The Clinics. She has a seconddaughter, born March 24.'55. Arnold Brenman is pleased with hisnew assignment at the Valley Forge ArmyHospital in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. Hesends news of the whereabouts of his class­mates:Fredric Schroeder is at Fort Carlson,Colorado; Tom Wilson is at Brooke ArmyHospital, Fort Sam Houston; Nelson Mof­fat is at Fort Lewis, Washington; RichardKatzman is in France; James Lieder is inpsychiatry at Brooke Army Hospital andNick Zervas is in neurology at BrookeArmy Hospital.Jesse W. Tapp, Jr., has been named tothe missionary staff of El Guacio ChristianService Center, an experimental project ofthe Board of National Missions of the Pres­byterian Church, U.S.A., in San Sebastian,Puerto Rico.'56. Jack Edelstein has accepted a three­year residency in pediatrics at the MayoFoundation beginning next July. He is in­terning at Mount Sinai Hospital in MiamiBeach and enjoying the glorious Florida cli­mate very much. The Edelsteins have a newbaby girl born September 24. GOMORIfrom 1927 to 1938, occupying succes­sively the positions of junior assistant,assistant, instructor, and assistant pro­fessor. Arriving in Chicago in 1938, hebecame associated with Dr. RobertBloch at The Clinics.In 1939 he published his now classicpaper on the histochemical demonstra­tion of alkaline phosphatase whichmarked the new beginning in enzymatichistochemistry. Since then, Dr. Gomori'scontributions to the growing field of his­tochemistry have been numerous: hehas contributed methods for acid phos­phatase, lipases, and esterases and hasstudied many of the fundmental prob­lems of this embryonic science. In 1952his book on Microscopic Histochemistrywas published by the University of Chi­cago Press. He was a founder, and thisyear is president, of the HistochemicalSociety.Dr. Gomori's main interests have beenin the development of new histochemi·cal techniques and their application tobiomedical problems; he sometimes hasdescribed himself as a "tool-maker."Largely self-taught in chemistry, he syn­thesizes old and new compounds withthe facility and ingenuity of a masterorganic chemist. The "tools" which hemakes are widely used in the world ofmedical science today. His name is wellknown around the world, and his stu­dents have come from many lands. Dr.Gomori always likes a small compact[Continued on page 19]MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 19RESIDENT NEWS II. F_A_C_U_L_T_Y_N_E_W_S __ ........- __ ,Gloria T. Aragon, 1946-47, has recentlyeen made professor and head of the De­artment of Obstetrics and Gynecology ofie Far Eastern University of Manila, Philip­ines.Walter Arons, 1944-45, is practicing in­.mal medicine and endocrinology at the'niversity of Pennsylvania Hospital in Phila­elphia.Fred Kredel, 1936-41, writes, apropos ofie abstract of Fink and Druyan in theune Bulletin on biological effects of deu­.riurn oxide, that this is not the first timerat heavy water was worked on in the Uni­ersity. He inclosed a reprint from Proc.oc. Exp. Biol. & M ed., 1934, titled, "Tox­ity of Heavy Water." The collaboratorsere Frederick E. Kredel, Henry N. Har­ins, and William D. Harkins. It is easy, see where they got the heavy water.Ruth C. Martin, 1942-44, entered the pri­ate practice of anesthesiology in Gaines­.1Ie, Florida, on July 1.Camen R. Paynter, 1953-55, was madediplomate of the American Board of In­mal Medicine in April, 1954, and last May, was certified as a specialist in gastro­iterology. He is a member of the Greatalls Clinic in Montana.Evan Shute, 1929-33, of London, Ontario,articipated in the Second Internationalongress of Fertility and Sterility in Naplesst May.Glenn R. Weygandt, 1948-50, of Peoria,linois, has been made a diplomate of themerican Board of Anesthesiology.Joseph Weiss, 1954-55, completed a med­ii residency at West Suburban Hospital inak Park, Illinois, and has entered the group.actice of medicine as a medical missionaryThailand for a period of five years.'omort-. -[Continued from page 18]boratory and is quite economical ofim an effort and supplies. In this daylarge laboratories, expensive and.mplex equipment, and big budgets,te cannot help but admire the tremen­ius amount of work produced by his'orts,Though a lone investigator, he is aarm, friendly person and always readyhelp by doing or demonstrating achnique or discussing a problem. It is[fortunate for us at The University ofiicago that so productive a scientist.s left. We know that in the climate ofLID Alto, California, George GomoriII continue his productive work formy years to come.In losing Dr. Gomori, we also lose thervices of his charming wife, Margaret,10 for some years now has carried on,an admirable and helpful fashion, thesk of running the Billings branch ofBiomedical Libraries.EARL P. BENDITT, M.D. William E. Adams was Fulbright Profes­sor of Surgery at the University of Glasgowin the summer and autumn of this year. Hevisited other Scottish universities and alsoattended the Fourth International Congressof the American College of Chest Physiciansin Cologne, Germany.The American Association of Blood Banksrecently gave J. Garrott Allen the JohnElliott Award in recognition of his workdemonstrating that infectious hepatitis can­not be transmitted by liquid blood plasmawhich has been stored at 900-100° F. for aminimum of six months.Dr. Allen's father was president of Davisand Elkins College in West Virginia fortwenty-five years. In Maya new buildingon that campus was dedicated to his mem­ory, and his four sons were the speakers atthe ceremony.William Baker attended the InternationalGenetics Symposium in Japan in Septemberunder the sponsorship of the Office of NavalResearch and the National Science Founda­tion.E. S. G. Barron was visiting professor ofbiochemistry at the University of Uruguayin July.Ann Budy participated in the TwentiethInternational Physiological Congress in Brus­sels last summer.Gail M. Dack received the Babcock-HartAward of the Institute of Food Technolo­gists in St. Louis last June.William Dieckmann and H. Close Hes­seltine were honored by the Lying-in stafffor their twenty-five years of service.Isidore Gersh taught and conducted re­search at the Anatomisk Institutet of theUniversity of Oslo, Norway, last summeron a Fulbright grant.E. M. K. Geiling received the Oscar B.Hunter Memorial Award from the Ameri­can Therapeutic Society at its meeting inChicago in June.Burton J. Grossman, '49, has been electeda fellow of the Academy of Pediatrics. Dr.Grossman wiII spend this year on a HelenHay Whitney fellowship in Copenhagen. Heis working with Dr. Tage Astrup at theCarlsberg Biological Institute.Daniel Hendley, of Biochemistry, is anAmerican Cancer Society fellow at the Uni­versity of Sheffield, England, this year.Paul C. Hodges and James W. J. Car­pender attended the International Congressof Radiology in Mexico City in July.Eleanor M. Humphreys, Rush '29, gavetwo papers at the Montana Medical Asso­ciation meetings in Great Falls in September.Dwight Ingle has been elected a fellowof the American Academy of Arts and Sci­ences.Donald P. King became head of radi­ology at Richmond Memorial Hospital, Vir­ginia, on April 1.Joseph B. Kirsner is president of the Chi­cago Society of Internal Medicine. He at­tended the International Congress of Gastro­enterology in London in July and spoke atseveral European universities on ulcerativecolitis. Bertha A. Klein won a merit certificateat the A.M.A. meetings in June for her ex­hibit, "Survey of the Pathogenesis of RetinalVenous Occlusion."Dieter Koch-Weser presented papers atthe Fourth International Congress of Dis­eases of the Chest in Cologne in Augustand at the Fourth International Congressof Internal Medicine in Madrid in Septem­ber. He will also speak at the Pasteur Insti­tute in Paris and at the University of Berlin.Melvin Knisely, now chairman of theDepartment of Anatomy at the MedicalCollege of South Carolina, presented an ex­hibit at the annual meeting of the Ameri­can Association of Anatomists held in Mil­waukee.John Lindsay and Henry Perlman (Rush,'26) participated in the meeting of the Colle­gium Oto-Rhino-Laryngologicum AmicitiaeSacrum in Bordeaux in early September.Huberta Livingstone gave a series of lec­tures on anesthesiology to physicians in Scot­land last summer.Clayton G. Loosli, '37, is the second re­cipient of the Commonwealth Fund SeniorAward for support of creative research. Theaward is designed to enable investigators ofestablished reputation to devote themselvescompletely to research. For one year begin­ning October 1, Dr. Loosli has been releasedfrom his clinical and teaching responsibili­ties. He will study the embryology of themammalian lung and related problems.C. Phillip Miller has been elected to theNational Academy of Sciences.E. Trier Morch participated in meetingsin Brighton, England, and gave two papersat the Scandinavian Society of Anesthesi­ologists in Helsingfors, Finland, in July andAugust.Leon O. Jacobson, '39, received the Leu­kemia Society's Robert Roesler de VilliersAward on November 7 for his paper on"Studies on the Modification of RadiationInjury."Peter V. Moulder, '45, has been madea diplomate of the American Board ofThoracic Surgery. Dr. Moulder, RichardThompson, '54, Robert Harrison, Wil­liam Kiskind, Curtis Smith, '48, BarrySiegel, '56, and William E. Adams had anexhibit on "Controlled Arrest for CardiacSurgery with Hypothermia" at the AnnualClinical Conference of the Chicago MedicalSociety last spring.Walter 1. Palmer, Rush '22, participatedin panel discussions of the Congress of In­ternal Medicine in Santiago, Chile, in lateSeptember. He and Mrs. Palmer visitedother South American universities in Octo­ber.20 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINOFFICERS OF THEMEDICAL ALUMNI, 1956-57President: RICHARD B. RICHTER, '25.Vice-President: EGBERT H. FELL, '31.Treasurer: ROBERT W. WISSLER, '49.Secretary: PETER V. MOULDER, '45.Council (1956-59): HARRY OBERHELMAN,'20; J OUN J. FAHEY, Res., '33-'36; JOSEPHJ. CEITUAML, Ph.D. '41.BULLETINof the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINE950 East Fifty-ninth Street, Chicago 37, IllinoisVOL. 13 AUTUMN 1956 NO.1EDITORIAL BOARDELEANOR M. HUMPHREYS, ChairmanWRIGHT ADAMS ROBERT J. liASTERLIKHUBERTA LIVINGSTONE CLAYTON LOOSLIPETER V. MOULDER WALTER L. PALMERL. T. COGGESHALLJESSIE BURNS MACLEAN, SecretarySubscription with membership:Annual, $4.00 Life, $60.00 HILGER PERRY JENKINS, Maestro of the DocumentariesA.M.A. REUNIONAlumni attending the annual meetingsof the American Medical Association inChicago last summer met at the Kungs­holm Restaurant on June 14 for a Smor­gasbord luncheon.President Richard Richter, '25, pre­sided. Walter Palmer, '22, spoke aboutthe recent reunion festivities on thecampus, and John J. McDonough re­ported on fund-raising activities of theUniversity Campaign Committee.The special feature of the meetingwas a preview by Hilger Perry Jen­kins, '27, of the first of a series of his­torical film-portraits of great figures atthe University. Beginning with an intro­duction by Dean Coggeshall, this set wascomposed of one-reel films of A. J.Carlson, Franklin McLean, WilberPost, B. C. H. Harvey, Arno Luck­hardt, E. M. K. Geiling, WalterPalmer, and Lester Dragstedt.Dr. Jenkins' film will be copied sothat it may be available for regionalshowing wherever desired by alumni inany part of the country. NEW SCHOLARSHIP FUNDA fund for scholarships for medicalstudents has just been established byDr. Nathaniel I. Baskind, a Chicagophysician and friend of the University.Candidates are being considered now,and five Freshman students will be givenfull-tuition scholarships this year.More details of the gift will appearin the Winter Bulletin.lQolida� �reeting5from theeditorial �taff