I'olume 12 AUTUMN 1955 Number 11955 REUNIONGroup at Annual Banquet: Seniors RUBINSTEIN and SIEGEL and their wives; STUDENT DEAN JOSEPH J. CEITHAML; PRESI­ENT FRANK B. KELLY; MR. HAROLD H. SWIFT, Reunion speaker; and DEAN LOWELL T. COGGESHALL.I REMEMBERBy HAROLD H. �WIFTTrustee, The University of Chicagoddress given at the Medical Alumni Re­ion Banquet on June 9, 1955.]In the summer and fall of 1893 therelS in Chicago the World's Columbian:position commemorating the four­ndredth anniversary of Columbus'icovery of America. It was located one lake front at Jackson Park. There.re fifteen or eighteen gleaming whiteildings. The only surviving building, made over in permanent form, is nowthe Museum of Science and Industry inJackson Park. Saint-Gaudens, the Amer­ican sculptor, said he considered it thesecond most beautiful building in theworld, and many important critics haveagreed with him. The Exposition was abeauti ful and impressive sight.The City White hath fled the earth,But where the azure waters lie, A nobler city hath its birth,The City Gray that ne'er shall die.... 'Tis our dear Alma Mater.That summer there occurred a mo­mentous event, in more ways than one,to an eight-year-old boy who was takento the World's Fair by his father.The boy's father was a powerfullybuilt, high-strung businessman, workingvery hard to establish the meat-packing2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINbusiness in this city. He believed in de­centralization both in the business andin the family and that it was themother's job to run the house and tolook after the children. Thus, it was animportant event in the family when thefather did anything about the children'seducation or entertainment. And, herehe was, taking two or three of the kidsto the World's Fair!In connection with the Fair, therewas an amusement section called theMidway where one of the big attractionswas the Ferris wheel. The boy thoughtthis was his opportunity for a ride onthe Ferris wheel, which he had neveraccomplished though he had been to theFair a few times with his mother-shethought it was too dangerous. Now, thefather agreed to take the boy.A Ferris-Wheel ViewExcept for the Masonic Temple, threehundred and two feet high, recentlybuilt, the Ferris wheel was higher off theground (two hundred and sixty-fourfeet) than people got in Chicago inthose days. As it revolved, there wouldbe occasional stops for surveying thelandscape from the top. When we werenear the top, I asked my father whatthe new buildings were practically at thebase of the wheel. He replied, "Oh,that's the new university which openedlast fall."I later learned I was looking at CobbHall and, to the south of it, what wasthen called Middle, North, and SouthDivinity dormitories, which are nownamed Blake, Gates, and Goodspeed.Thus, I remember distinctly the firstfour buildings of The University of Chi­cago. Our family home was at Forty­ninth and Ellis; and, having gone toHyde Park High School, at that timeless than half a mile from the Univer­sity, and then having attended the Uni­versity, I think I have seen under con­struction everyone of the ninety-onebuildings on the Quadrangles.Student DaysI entered the University in 1903, whenit had been open only eleven years. Inlooking back, I am amazed that I canremember no impression of its havingbeen a new institution. Perhaps the ex­planation is that, when I entered, therewere twenty-six beautiful, stately Gothicbuildings, which to my mind may wellhave been there a hundred years.George Edgar Vincent, later presidentof Minnesota and president of Rocke­feller Foundation, was Vice-Presidentand Dean of Faculties in those days. Hewas one of the wittiest speakers I everheard, and I remember, while in college,hearing him say that the varnish wasn'tdry on the doors of Cobb Hall beforewe began having traditions about CobbHall. And that was true. It was the main In 1914 Harold Swift became thefirst alumnus member of the Boardof Trustees of The University ofChicago and was also its youngestmember. For twenty-seven of hisforty-one years on the Board he wasChairman-in the period includingthe laying of the cornerstone of theBillings Hospital in 1924 and thatof the Nathan Goldblatt MemorialHospital in 1949.In his introduction of Mr. Swiftat the banquet, Walter Palmer said:"During the early turbulent years ofthe clinical departments-the 1929crash, the depression of the thirties,and the storms of organization-Mr.Swift's steadying hand could alwaysbe felt even though he himself wasrarely to be seen."classroom building, and one traditionwas that everyone gathered at CobbHall from 10:30 to 11:00 every morn­ing, when no classes were being held.There were other traditions.Harper's DreamI wonder if we all realize what anextraordinary place the University wasthe day it opened. Dr. Harper had re­fused to come as president simply tohead up another college under Baptistauspices-even though all good Baptiststhought they ought to match what"those Methodists" were doing up inEvanston. He'd been in Morgan Parkat the Baptist Theological Union, but atthe time we began to organize he was atYale doing graduate work. He wouldcome only if, rather than head up acollege, he could build the greatest uni­versity of which he was capable.And whereas Mr. Rockefeller thoughtoriginally a subscription of $600,000would end his donations, before the in­stitution opened he had pledged $2,400,-000; and he ended by giving $35,000,000before he died.The RealizationSo it was a full-fledged universitywhen we opened-not only a college butwell-integrated departments for graduateand research work.On the first faculty were nine formercollege presidents who had turned toadministrative work when they couldn'tget adequate funds for their researchand who jumped at Harper's offer inorder to get back to research.There was another interesting circum­stance. Clark University, at Worcester,Massachusetts, had gone forward onannual contributions from Mr. Clark.There were many confusions incidentto starting a new institution, and fundsfrom the donor were not forthcoming asplentifully as President Hall had ex­pected. He didn't know how he wouldmeet his pay roll. It is the only case I ever heard of where one universitpresident, Dr. Harper, raided anotherinstitution of its best men and, undethe circumstances, might have beethanked for doing it-although I realizthis is a moot question.The names of some of these people 0our earliest faculty will be remembereby many of you: Charles O. WhitmarA. A. Michelson, John Ulric Nef, HenrHerbert Donaldson, Franklin P. MalDr. Albion W. Small, Ezekiel G. Robirson, Thomas G. Chamberlin, AliceFreeman Palmer, George W. Northrup, Galusha Anderson, Franklin JohnsorHoward B. Grose, John M. CoulteiJacques Loeb, and others.Incidentally, Dr. Harper knew thways of the world. While President Hafreely recommended to him certain 0his men, Dr. Harper didn't take man:who were recommended-he made u;his own mind.InnovationsOurs was a new university indeed­innovations galore:The four-quarter system-Why shouhour important and impressive equipmenstand idle 25 per cent of the year? Especially when southern schoolteacher,and many from other parts of the country, looked upon Chicago as a summeresort where they could get credit focourses taken and then go back hom:and get more pay?The first effective university press­so that scholars in America could publish their works even though the sale:volume would not pay the cost.A new salary scale for full professor.-$7,000-unknown in those days.Equal opportunity for women-Actually some women were appointed professors. Think of that!After a well-known periodical of thetime, it soon got to be called "Harper':Bazaar."It was an experimental university. Wetried things. If they worked, we kepithem; and if they didn't, we junkerthem. The amazing thing is how man,of the experiments worked and becameprocedure for the country.I received a Bachelor's degree in 190:and became a trustee in 1914, and b,then three events had occurred whiclwere destined to have a major influenceon the development of scientific medi.cine in the United States.Three Medical LandmarksThe first of these was a study b)Abraham Flexner, of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, who was loaned to the General Education Board for the purpose. The report was published in 1910, and shortlythereafter (1913) he was engaged b)the General Education Board to devote[Continued on page 6]MhUICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3DEAN COGGESHALLAT REUNIONWhen invited to speak for the facultyto this group, I accepted with consider­able reluctance because of the realiza­tion of the synthetic nature of my quali­fications for the assignment. Perhapssix lectures in tropical medicine to theSeniors and a signed letter from theChancellor which states that I am aprofessor of medicine justify the ac­ceptance of the invitation. So far as Iam aware they constitute my sole claimto such distinction. On the other hand, Ihave always felt rather keenly the lackof contact with the students. So to thiscaptive audience at a complimentarydinner I can at least in part satisfysome of my desires.Rather than attempt to give an in­spirational go-forth-and-do-better talk,I would like to confine myself to a fewrandom remarks about the School withthe hope that the students will find theminformative and the faculty will not holdme presumptuous as their representa­tive.First, the charter of the MedicalSchool as a complete four-year schoolon the South Side campus was drawn'up by a committee of the faculty re­porting to President Burton in 1923.They reported as follows: "The aim ofThe University of Chicago MedicalSchool should not be primarily to in­crease the number of practitioners.Further progress in medicine dependsupon the advancement of medicalknowledge, and it is believed that TheUniversity of. Chicago is in a peculiarlyfavorable position for promoting re­search and training investigators in themedical sciences."Let us examine in only minor detailsome of the features about the programwhich have occurred during the lasttwenty-eight years and their effects uponmedical education in this country. TheUniversity is unique in being the first. and still is the only school to have anexclusively full-time staff. And becausethe need for full-time men who can de­vote all their time and energy to thework of the medical school and its teach­ing hospital has been so clearly seen,the trend toward this objective has beengreat.Another deviation from the usualpractice of confining most if not allmedical instruction to the indigent pa­tient was initiated at the University in1930 by necessity rather than by design..Driginally your school was supposed tonave had ample finances so that patientswere brought in as teaching and researchsubjects, without reference to their abil­ty to pay. The financial panic of 1929loon changed this picture, and it wasevident that this objective could not be RUSSELL M. WILDER receives honorary gold key at Medical Alumni Banquet fromPRESIDENT KELLY. DEAN COGGESHALL at left.WILDER AWARDED MEDICAL ALUMNI KEYThe alumnus chosen for the award ofthe gold key of the Medical AlumniAssociation in 1955 is Russell MorseWilder.Dr. Wilder was born in Chicago andreared on Kenwood Avenue, practicallysurrounded by The University of Chi­cago. He was graduated from the Uni­versi ty in 1907. In 1912 he was grad­uated from Rush Medical College,where his father, William H. Wilder,was professor of ophthalmology. In thatsame year, 1912, upon recommendationof the Department of Pathology of theUniversity, Dr. Wilder was awarded thedegree of Doctor of Philosophy. His re­search had begun somewhat earlier as agraduate student in chemistry. In theearly winter of 1909-10, Dr. Wilderwent to Mexico City to help HowardTaylor Ricketts in his work on typhusfever; after the death of Ricketts inMay, 1910, Dr. Wilder finished thestudies in progress and returned toChicago to resume his work in medicalschool.In 1919, at the end of the first WorldWar, Dr. Wilder joined the staff of theMayo Clinic and continued the investi­gations begun at Rush in the problemsof metabolism and human nutrition. In1929 he was persuaded to return to theUniversity as Professor of Medicine andChairman of the Department. This felic- itous period lasted only two years be­cause Dr. Will Mayo convinced Dr.Wilder of the wisdom of his return toRochester as professor and chief of thedepartment of medicine of the MayoFoundation-a post retained by him un­til his retirement in 1951.Dr. Wilder then accepted the director­ship of the newly formed National Insti­tute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseasesof the United States Public Health Serv­ice at Bethesda, from which in July,1953, he again retired to his home inRochester, Minnesota.In 1954 a fellowship in the science ofnutrition was established by the Nation­al Vitamin Foundation in honor of Dr.Wilder. In 1954, also, the Joseph Gold­berger Award in Clinical Nutrition ofthe Food and Nutrition Board of theNational Research Council was pre­sented to Dr. Wilder.In this brief sketch it has not beenpossible to enumerate or even to men­tion Dr. Wilder's many scientific contri­butions. They amply merit the distinc­tion of the present award. It is particu­larly pleasant to present for this honora man whose roots extend so far backinto the life of The University of Chi­cago and whose labors have borne somany fruits for the betterment of man­kind.W AL TER L. PALMERadhered to. Thus nearly from the be­ginning most of the teaching has beendone with the co-operation of the payingpatient. To me a virtue has been madeof a necessity.Let us examine briefly the situationnearly three decades later. The utiliza- tion of the paying patient for teachingpurposes is not new, but the practice hasalways been limited. In many places ithas constituted a negligible part of themedical education program. Now thetrend elsewhere has shifted toward the[Continued on page 7]4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINClass of 1905: S. H. WETZLER, JAMES H. TAYLOR, JACOB MYERS; seated: J. HENRY HEINEN, MATTHEW JOHN LYNCH,SIDNEY KLEIN, ROY K. KEECH, and HOMER DEXTER LUDDEN.FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF RUSH GRADUATESFor the third year we have had thepleasure of entertaining Rush graduateson their fiftieth anniversary. This yeareight members of the Class of 1905 wereour guests on June 9:J. Henry Heinen, Sr., of Chicago, is inpractice at 817 West Diversey Parkway. Dr.Heinen's son received an M.D. degree fromthe University in 1942.Roy K. Keech, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa,is a member of the American Associationof Industrial Physicians and Surgeons. Mrs.Keech attended the banquet with him.Sidney Klein is in general practice inChicago.Homer Dexter Ludden has a surgicalpractice in Mineral Point, Wisconsin. Hewas accompanied by his daughter, MissMargaret Ludden, of Chicago.Matthew John Lynch practices ob­stetrics and gynecology in Minneapolis.Jacob Myers was accompanied by hiswife. He is a surgeon in Chicago.James H. Taylor, of Chicago, is a spe­cialist in obstetrics and gynecology. Mrs.Taylor accompanied him. S. H. Wetzler lives in Milwaukee, wherehe practices surgery. His son-in-law, Dr.Shutkin, was with him.Testimonials in commemoration oftheir fiftieth anniversary were presentedto these men by President Frank B.Kelly. In addition, testimonials weresent to eleven other members of theClass of 1905 who were not able toattend the Reunion:Morris Braude, ChicagoArthur Hale Curtis, Lutzen, MinnesotaRobert Harold Hull Goheen, Orlando,FloridaGeorge Halperin, ChicagoArthur S. Hoon, Chinook, MontanaJohn J. Klick, Sacramento, CaliforniaWilliam J. Marvel, ChicagoHarry Dale Murdock, Tulsa, OklahomaCharles H. Neilson, St. Louis, MissouriMartin Ingeman Olsen, Des Moines, IowaLeda June Stacy, White Plains, New YorkWilliam Horace Witherstine, GrandForks, North DakotaSIDNEY KLEIN, MATTHEW JOHN LYNCH. HOMER DEXTER LUDDEN, MISSMARGARET LUDDEN, MRS. JAMES H. TAYLOR, A. J. CARLSON, JAMES H. TAY­LOR, and J. HENRY HEINEN. Dr. Murray CelebratesFifty-fifth AnniversaryAmong the members of the Associa­tion are some men who graduated morethan fifty years ago, and this year againwe invited them to join us.Frederick Gray Murray, '00, of CedarRapids, Iowa, accepted our invitation andreceived a testimonial in commemorationof his fifty-fifth anniversary. Dr. Murrayspent a few days in Chicago visiting friendsand his nephew, William T. H. Murray,'43, who is in psychiatric practice here.[Continued on page 5]FREDERICK GRAY MURRAY, Class of1900.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 5DISTINGUISHEDSERVICE AWARDSAwards for distinguished service weremade to David Bodian, '37, and to PaulBuey, Res. Staff, '28-30. The presenta­tions were:Like many of the present graduatingclass, David Bodian did graduate workin one of the basic sciences, anatomy,where he studied the histology of thenervous system with histochemical andother techniques before completing med­ical training. He was awarded a Ph.D.degree in 1934 and was graduated inmedicine in 1937. He continued his re­search in neuroanatomy, and in 1942 hejoined the newly organized research unitat the Johns Hopkins University Schoolof Hygiene and Public Health, where hehas had the opportunity to apply hisspecial knowledge of the central nervoussystem to the study of poliomyelitis.During the last thirteen years he, withlis colleagues, has made highly signifi­cant contributions concerning the epi­Iemiology, pathogenesis, pathology, andmmunology of this disease in man andmimals. His studies of the immunitynechanisms and the demonstration ofliremia in the incubation phase laid therroundwork for the development of pro­.edures for the prevention of the para­ytic phase of poliomyelitis by the useif gamma globulin or active immuniza­.ion with poliomyelitis virus vaccines.I am sorry he could not be here to­light to receive this Award, but it is aileasure for me to accept it for him..I'his probably is as it should be, for hes one of an expert committee on polio­-nyelitis now meeting in Washington toielp unravel the Salk vaccine problem.CLAYTON G. LooSLIDAVID BODIAN IlPAUL R. CANNON presents the Distinguished Service Award to PAUL C. BUCYPaul C. Buey secured his early medi­cal training at the University of Iowaand came to The University of Chicagofor advanced training in neurology andneurosurgery under Dr. Percival Bailey.Subsequently, he extended his trainingin neurology at the National Hospital inLondon with the well-known neurologist,Gordon Holmes. When Dr. Bailey leftto go to the University of Illinois, Dr.Bucy became head of the division ofneurosurgery at The University of Chi­cago and during this period demonstratedhis unusual capacity as a surgeon, teach­er, and investigator. He has publishedmany excellent pathological studies con­cerned with the brain and spinal cordand the nature of brain tumors. His stud­ies on the motor cortex eventuated inthe publication of a monograph, ThePrecentral Motor Cortex, in 1949 whichremains the authoritative statement inthis area. These studies also resulted ina treatment for involuntary movementsby cortical extirpation which is still themethod of choice for various types oftremor. His current studies on the phys­iology of the temporal lobe of the brainare rapidly increasing our knowledge ofthe relationship of the brain to mentalfunction and in the possibilities of treat­ing mental disease by surgical methods.For all these contributions and in recog­nition of his continued loyalty to ourUniversity, this citation is awarded withour admiration and affection.LESTER R. DRAGSTEDT Dr. Murray-[Continued from page 4]He was also able to visit The Clinics. Hisson, Edward S. Murray, is associated withthe infectious diseases laboratories in theSchool of Public Health at Harvard, soDr. Murray was most interested in seeingour laboratories where similar work wasbeing done. He was introduced to ThomasGrayston, '48, Assistant Professor of Med­icine, and they soon discovered that theyhad once been neighbors in Cedar Rapids.Others to whom testimonials weresent are:Fifty-fourth anniversary: John Alex­ander MacDonald, Interlaken, New York;Gilman Wilbur Petit, Chicago; FrancisFisher Tucker, Daytona Beach, Florida.Fifty-sixth: Nelson M. Percy, Chicago.Fifty-seventh: Harry W. Horn, Wichita,Kansas.Fifty-eighth: George C. Devine, Ontario,Wisconsin; George Harry Fellman, Mil­waukee; William Hugh Folsom, Fond duLac, Wisconsin; William Burroughs Hold­en, Portland, Oregon; George H. Miller,Bellaire, Michigan.Fifty-ninth: FrankYpsilanti, Michigan;Schreiter, Sa vanna,Weisskopf, Chicago. Augustus Grawn,Joseph BenjaminIllinois; Max A.Sixtieth: Charles Bolsta, Ortonville, Min­nesota; William Thomas Moffet, BlueMound, Illinos; Alfred William Scobey,St. Petersburg, Florida.Sixty-fifth: John Darwin Utley, LagunaBeach, California.6 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINA.M.A.-Rush-University ofChicago Reunion inAtlantic CityThe first joint reunion at the A.M.A.meetings of Rush and other University ofChicago medical alumni was held this yearin Atlantic City. Wallace G. McCune, '43,of the Germantown Hospital in Phila­delphia, arranged the dinner; Walter L.Palmer, Rush '21, and George V. LeRoy,'34, represented the Billings group, andLeRoy Sloan, Rush '17, the Chicago Rushgroup.In his talk to the alumni George LeRoy,Associate Dean of the Division of Biologi­cal Sciences, emphasized the important rolethat alumni can play in determining thequality of those who will be entering themedical profession. Throughout the coun­try, he pointed out, "there is a decreasein the number of applicants for medicalschool in spite of the fact that the num­ber of places for freshmen has steadily in­creased." The present generation of doctorswill be the most important factor in re­versing this trend and in determining thenumber and quality of tbe next generation,since doctors recognize more clearly thaneven vocational advisers in high school andcollege the aspirations, character, and abili­ties that lead to success in medicine. More­over, it has been shown again and againthat most doctors become doctors becauseof the example and influence of other doc­tors. The conclusion was that those wish­ing to serve the profession should devotesome time to encouraging students as wellas caring for patients.I Remember-[Continued from page 2]his time to the improvement of medicaleducation in the United States.I wonder if some of the youngerpeople here realize the state of medicaleducation in this nation which led to theFlexner Report. In 1907 there were onehundred and fifty-fi.ve medical schoolsin the United States and Canada, mostof them bad. Only sixteen schools stoodapart by requiring two years or more ofcollege for admission. As for the poor­est, Flexner spoke of many medicalschools which advertised a two- or three­year medical course, but for proper con­sideration a man might enter in the falland get his degree in the spring. Illinoishad produced thirty-nine medical col­leges, some twenty-five of them defunctby 1909. Of the surviving schools, hewrote that only three fulfi.lled the mini­mum legal requirements of Illinois.Graduates of earlier years can under­stand why the report states, "The scien­tifi.c work of The University of Chicago,relied on by Rush, is excellent"; and,referring to Chicago schools, "In thematter of entrance requirements, Rushalone was secure."In referring to the effect of his study,he says: ELEANOR M. HUMPHREYS, RUSSELLM. WILDER, and ARNO B. LUCKHARDT.It produced an immediate and profoundsensation, "making," as we say nowadays,"the front page." The medical professionand the faculties of the medical schools, aswell as the state boards of examiners, wereabsolutely flabbergasted by the pitiless ex­posure. We were threatened with lawsuits,and in one instance actually sued for libelfor $150,000. I received anonymous letterswarning me that I should be shot if Ishowed myself in Chicago, whereupon Iwent there to make a speech before a meet­ing called by the Council of Medical Edu­cation, and returned undamaged.He thought it was strange that uni­versities should have research men inGreek and astronomy and history andphysics and chemistry and yet not haveresearch men on a full-time basis inmedicine. He proposed that, geographi­cally distributed thirty-one medicalschools in the United States could ade­quately handle the teaching of medicinefor the nation.Starting in the second decade of thiscentury, the General Education Boardlet it be known to ten institutions thatit would consider requests for financialaid to begin teaching and research inclinical medicine on a full-time basis. In1916 The University of Chicago appliedfor funds on this basis.I spoke of three events which had oc­curred by 1914 which had great effecton medical education. The first was theFlexner Report. The second was full­time medicine in certain clinical branch- es established at The Johns HopkiUniversity School of Medicine in 19:In the following year (1914), the Rodfeller Institute for Medical Reseanwith its hospital, was opened.Scientific Research at Our UnioersiWe already had perhaps as brilliantgroup of preclinical scientists as hever been brought together, and tbwere established as full-time men. 'refresh your minds, I need only metion some of the names of that era:Franklin P. Mall, Jacques Loeb, R.Bensley, C. O. Whitman, Frank LillE. O. Jordan, John R. Dodson, GideWells, Newman, Harvey, Carlson, Luchardt, F. C. Koch, Hektoen; and, in tphysical sciences, Michelson, MilliksMann, Frost, Barnard, Moulton, MooWilczynski, Bliss, Dickson, ChamberlSalisbury, Nef in chemistry, backedby Stieglitz, Harkins, and many otheThe Medical SchoolAnd, in addition to the scientists, 1already had space where a four-yemedical school and a hospital couldlocated, in the very heart of the. calpus. Was it not a natural for us to tathe subject of full-time medicine veseriously and to raise, in 1916-1$5,300,000 to start the project?It is true we were delayed in startinThe fi.rst World War came on. PresideJudson went on a mission to PersiaB. C. H. HARVEY, for many years tlDean of Medical Students, and ]OSEP8CEITHAML, the present Dean.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 7920. When he returned to the presi­leney, he was tired. It was left to Presi­lent Burton to reactivate the plan ando set in motion the force which builthe hospital. He said Rockefeller Chapelnd Billings Hospital would be his mon­nnents, Unhappily, he did not live to seeither completed. But these, and a lot.f other things he did, proved to be hisnonuments=-for his glorious two yearsf incumbency.Then, in 1927, we opened our doors .ind, here, twenty-eight years later, were talking about the project.Compared to some other universities,Ie were late in applying for funds fromhe General Education Board for theull-time plan of medicine. We were evenlower to get going under the system.lut we were spared some of the great.ifficulties the other institutions had.We were starting clinical medicine de.ouo on our Quadrangles, and we wereommitted to the full-time plan. Otherrstitutions which preceded and followedur beginning had, in close proximity inhe same hospital where they met con­tantly, both the high-income generalractitioners and the full-time people..he proximity of the two groups oftedical men and the disparity in their1comes created differences and causedough going for these institutions. Andecause of these personnel and otherrcblems, other institutions have not.roceeded with complete full-time medi­ine as we have done.We have had some problems-plentyf them-but we overcame them. Else­zhere, the system has ebbed and flowed.:ome of the institutions which started-efore us are not yet working on a full­ime basis. No other institution has hadwenty-eight years of full-time experi­nee, and many of them now have prob­ems that we solved twenty years ago.Ladies and gentlemen, I congratulate'ou in your medical Alma Mater. And Iongratulate your Alma Mater in what:s graduates have accomplished, are ac­omplishing, and will accomplish.MOSKOWITZ WINSBORDEN AWARDThe Borden Award was made this yearo Merle Moskowitz for his paper on theffeets of estrogens on coronary atheroscle­osis in the rat. Moskowitz came to TheJniversity of Chicago in 1951 after receiv­ng a B.A., cum laude, from Ohio StateIniversity, after three years in the Air'orce, where he was graduated as a ser­eant. He received a Master's degree in,athology at the same time as his M.D.,nd the day after graduation he was mar­ied to Audrey Clifgard, A.B., '54. Aftern internship at Touro Infirmary in New)rleans he expects to return to The Clinicsor further study to prepare him for a ca­eer of teaching and research. The NELSON MOFFATS, DEAN CEITHAML, and PRESIDENT KELLY at the recep­tion preceding the Banquet.Dean Coggeshall at Reunion-[Continued from page 3]use of the private patient, and many in­stitutions which have restricted teachingto the indigent are faced with a realproblem. Today this group is too small.The reasons are many, but foremost isthe sustained prosperity of the countrywith an accompanying increased empha­sis on plans to protect the individualagainst medical costs.By July, 1953, more than 87,000,000people, or 57 per cent of our population,held some type of hospital insuranceprepayment plan, and 74,000,000, or 48per cent, had some form of protectionagainst professional fees. These figuresrepresent a 75 per cent increase in thepast decade alone. Naturally the curvewill flatten as the saturation point isreached, and probably 85 per cent of ourtotal population would be a reasonableguess as to the maximum. Further in­creases will come as nongrouped indi­viduals-elderly persons, semi-indigents,and so forth-are protected and aschanges occur in plans which liberalizethe various arrangements. As the gov­ernment proposes increased benefits, im­mediate response always comes from theprivate agencies to match these efforts.Our program is now being emulatedby many. Regardless of the reasons, itseems to me that we have here pio­neered in a field which has stood thetest of time. There are many factorswhich make this device good from mypoint of view, but one in particularstands out. A group of private patientssuch as we have represents a cross-sec­tion of society analogous to that whichthe young doctor will see in his own prac­tice after his formal training is com­pleted. As we all know, dealing with theindigent patient exclusively often leads to distorted ideas about the relationshipof the doctor to his patient and to thecommunity.What about research? From the be­ginning ample opportunities have beenprovided for the student who wished toengage in research activities. It seems tome that the results of any particular in­vestigation are not the important fact;the research spirit engendered is mostimportant. The possessor of an inquiringmind will always be the leader. Whetherthe student's interests lead him intogeneral practice, into the specialties, orinto the academic atmosphere, he willalways be better equipped by reason ofhis research experience. A vivid exampleof how the opportunities for researchtake concrete form was demonstrated atthe Senior Seminar when results of workwere presented.As I go from school to school as amember of the Council of the Associa­tion of American Medical Colleges, Ilearn of new attempts to set up a re­search program for the student. Practiceswhich have become standard procedureshere are now being initiated in manyplaces.Finally, let us go to the more tangible.In order to have a better workshop, youhave seen here many building activities,some of which have caused you incon­venience in your period of formal educa­tion. To have a better plant and to makeavailable better teaching and researchfacilities, there have occurred in the lasteight years additions to our medicalschool which have cost in excess of$14,000,000. We have gone from sometwo hundred and eighty beds originallyto seven hundred and twenty at thepresent time. We are not looking for­ward to constant expansion, for we be­lieve our facilities now are approachingthose needed for our ultimate aims and8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINEDWARD L. S. JIM is the third brother to receive an M.D. degree from this University. His graduation was the occasion of a famil:reunion. He is shown here with VERNON K. S., '44, who is a specialist in ophthalmology at the Mayo Clinic; ROBERT T. S., '48, wluhas a residency in hematology at Barnes Hospital; and their parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ah Kum Jim. Mr. Jim is a Hawaiian banker, and chireunion was the first time in six years that the family had been together.purposes. Currently we are expending inexcess of $3,000,000 for research fromall sources-foundations, public, lay,and federal funds. We have now reacheda state of independence where outsideinterests detrimental to the best type ofmedical education need not be feared.For the future I see a new wing link­ing Argonne and Surgery, furnishingmore research laboratories, a greatlyBULLETINof the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINE950 East Fifty-ninth Street, Chicago 37, IllinoisAUTUMN 1955 No.1VOL. 12EDITORIAL BOARDELEANOR ilL HUMPHREYS, ChairmanWRIGHT ADAMS L. T. COGGESHALLROBERT H. EBERT ROBERT J. HASTERLIKHUBERTA LIVINGSTONE CLAYTON LOOSLIPETER V. MOULDER WALTER L. PALMERJESSIE BURNS MACLEAN, SecretarySubscription with membership:Annual, $4.00 Life, $60.00 improved medical library, and other fa­cilities badly needed. I foresee also un­derground, modern, air-conditioned ani­mal quarters. More important, my crys­tal ball tells me that near by we willhave modern living quarters for thefamilies of interns and residents to keeppace with the mating problems of thisgroup. I see further demolitions result­ing in better living quarters for ourfaculty, particularly the younger group.It is quite possible that we may embarkon a rather bold experiment of a hos­pital unit designed primarily with theaim of self-service and thus reduce theenormous costs of medical care today.Finally, we look forward to completerehabilitation of our basic science de­partments, long neglected.These and many other things, both in­tellectual and physical, I believe will in­crease your pride in your institutionduring the years to come. We mustnever lose sight of the fact that thesehospitals and laboratories are presentfor only one reason-because we aretrying to teach good medicine. We mustnot overlook the student because of a$3,000,000 research program or an over­load of patients. As you graduates goforth from your Alma Mater into allparts of this nation and the world, weare still behind you ready and willing tohelp whenever possible. We wish youwell. OFFICERS OF THEMEDICAL ALUMNI, 1955-5(President: LESTER R. DRAGSTEDT, Rush '2.Vice-President: ROBERT J. HASTERLIK, Rus)'38Treasurer: ROBERT W. WISSLER, '49Secretary: JOSEPH J. CEITHAML, PH.D., '4.Council (1955-58): RICHARD B. RICHTERRush '25; STANTON A. FRIEDBERG, Rus!'33LESTER R. DRAGSTEDT