Volume 9 SPRING 1953 Number 3THREE-YEAR PREMEDICFOUR-YEAR B.S.By MERLE C. COULTER, PH.D.Professor of Botany, Associate DeanDivision of Biological SciencesHigh-school graduates of 1953 willhave the opportunity to commence athree-year premedical curriculum at theUniversity of Chicago which provides allthe principal educational values of theprevious four-year course. This curricu­lum is the result of the combined edu­cational experience of the College andthe Division of Biological Sciences. Itretains the advantages of superior gen­eral education and a thorough pre-pro­fessional training.For a good many years the educationof premedical students at the Universityof :Chicago has been of the highestcaliber. This is evident by the perform­ance of the Chicago-prepared studentson the Medical College Admission Test,by their performance in medical schools,and by their performance after theyhave graduated.The results of the Medical CollegeAdmission Test give what at present isthe most objective evidence of the com­parative quality of premedical trainingoffered in the country. Year after yearthe classes that have received theirtraining at Chicago have made distin­guished records on this test. In theyears that the Chicago group has notrated first nationally, it has been toppedby the groups of only one or two smalland highly selective colleges. This dis­:inguished record has been maintained:onsistently down to the present time.Complete and objective data on thererformance of Chicago-prepared stu­Ients in the medical schools through­JUt the country have become availablemly recently through the services ofhe Association of American Medical:olieges. These data show an impres­.ively greater number of Chicago-pre­jared students in the highest third ofheir medical school classes than in theowest third. This was to be expected,ince it was already known that therevas a significant positive correlation be­ween the Medical College Admission'est and the grades subsequently made1 the course work of the medical col- F. CHAMPION WARD, Dean of the College, and L. T. COGGESHALL, Dean of theDivision of Biological Sciences.The spring issue of the BUL­LETIN is devoted to students andtheir affairs. Our feature articlethis time is a discussion of thepremedical education offered atthe University of Chicago, writtenby a man who for twenty yearshas had much to do with the plan­ning and execution of the under­graduate program in the biologicalsciences, both in the College andin the Division.leges. Locally, it is the opiruon of themedical school faculty that studentsreceiving their premedical school train­ing at Chicago rank higher, on the aver­age, than those from elsewhere.Performance after graduation frommedical school is impossible to evaluateobjectively. One must depend on gen­eral impressions gained from varioussources. In connection with the twenty­fifth anniversary of Billings Hospital,which was celebrated in October, 1952,the roster of the M.D.'s that had beengraduated in the last quarter-centurywas examined with some care. The dis­tinguished accomplishments of thesegraduates added up to an impressivetotal, and it was noted that many ofthe outstanding members of the grouphad received their premedical as wellas their medical training at the Univer- sity of Chicago. These graduates havebecome leaders not only in their pro­fession but in their communities.When we attempt to understand whatmay have led to these results, we areforced to recognize that a good manyfactors are involved. The most readilyidentified factor is a characteristic pol­icy of the University of Chicago whichhas affected its premedical as well asmost of its other students. The Uni­versity has not only maintained highstandards in the essential pre-profes­sional courses but has concerned itselfintensively with the general educationcomponents of the premedical curricu­lum.Though the general education compo­nents of premedical education at Chi­cago have continued to be very effectivefor over two decades, this does notmean that they have remained static.They have been repeatedly modifiedwith steady improvement in qualitybut also substantial increase in quan­tity. As a result, most of the high­school graduates of recent years havefound it necessary to spend a full fouryears in completing the premedical cur­riculum. Many prospective premedics,together with their parents, are react­ing to this situation in a perfectly un­derstandable way. Although they rec­ognize that the four-year premedicalcurriculum is excellent, they feel thatthey cannot afford that much time. If2 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINthe principal educational values of thefour-year curriculum could, through re­adjustment, be retained in a new pro­gram which would occupy only threeyears, the Chicago curriculum would be­come available to many prospectivepremedics who could not otherwise af­ford it.This readjustment has now been ac­complished. The new three-year pro­gram is the result of the combined edu­cational experience of the College andthe Division of Biological Sciences. Itis characterized by a sound articulationof the course work that is presented bythe two faculties. Both faculties arenow confident that the new arrange­ment will retain the advantages of supe­rior general education and a thoroughpre-professional education.For a better comprehension of thisnew curriculum, one needs to glance atthe historical setting in which it hasdeveloped. The University of Chicagodelivered its "New College Plan" in theautumn of 1931. The high-school grad­uates of that period could earn theirCollege Certificates by passing sevencomprehensive examinations, each ofwhich was based upon the work of aone-year college course. The courses in­cluded readings, lectures, discussiongroups, problem-solving, and, in somecases, laboratory work. Various testswere given through the year to let thestudents know how well they were pro­gressing, but the only grades thatcounted were the grades made at theend of the year in the comprehensiveexaminations. Experience soon provedthat the students did justice to them­selves in the comprehensive examina­tions and, with few exceptions, madethe grades that had been predicted bytheir instructors. Since the examinationswere administered and graded by theBoard of Examinations rather than bythe instructional staff, the time-honoredpractice of "apple-polishing" was oblit­erated.Of the seven comprehensive exami­nations, five were on general surveycourses, specifically required of all stu­dents, and two were selected by the in­dividual student from a large numberof available "Sophomore Sequences."The five survey courses (or "general in­troductory courses," as we preferred tocall them in those days) were in Eng­lish, Biological Sciences, Humanities,Physical Sciences, and Social Sciences.The Sophomore Sequences usually se­lected by the premedics were Chemistryand second-year Biology. These sevencourses were normally covered by a lit­tle less than two years of work. Theadditional pre-professional work neededby the premedic (foreign language,physics, more chemistry, and morezoology) could usually be so scheduledwithin the Sophomore and Junior years that the premedic had not only earnedhis College Certificate but had fulfilledadmission requirements for most medi­'cal schools within a three-year period.During the 1940's the general intro­ductory courses and the comprehensiveexaminations were retained, but severalother features were added which hada significant effect on the affairs ofpremedics. The College decided to ex­pand the "respectable minimum" ofgeneral education which it had been of­fering into a thoroughgoing general edu­cation and to recognize satisfactorycompletion of the new curriculum bythe award of the B.A. The cornprehen-'sive examinations required were grad­ually increased from seven to fourteen.All fourteen were specifically requiredexaminations; the electives were elimi­nated. All students, regardless of theamount of their previous training, arenow given a battery of placement testsat the time of their admission. Perform­ance on these tests is used as a basisfor excusing individual students fromone or more of the comprehensiveexaminations. Students entering the Col­lege after two years of high-school workcan comfortably prepare for fourteencomprehensives (and a few of themneed less than this) within the ensuingfour years, since a normal load of workis four one-year courses leading to thefour corresponding comprehensives. Butstudents entering after graduation fromhigh school are likely to be held formore comprehensives than they had an­ticipated. Since the makeup of theplacement tests and the grading policiesare rigorous, and since few high schoolsgive students the kind of preparationthat leads to good performance on thesetests, most high-school graduatesemerge needing between eleven andtwelve comprehensives for fulfilment ofB.A. requirements. Even the premedicsusually need ten or eleven comprehen­sives, representing almost three years ofCollege work.For many years our School of Medi­cine has insisted that a sound generaleducation is an important require­ment for admission. Furthermore, it hasconceded that it is a proper prerogativeof the College Faculty to decide whatconstitutes a sound general education.Until recently the College Faculty hasindicated that nothing short of completefulfilment of its B.A. requirements couldbe regarded as a creditable general edu­cation. Accordingly, the premedics ofrecent years who have attended theCollege at Chicago have been obliged tosatisfy the full requirements for theB.A. in order to be considered eligiblefor admission into the School of Medi­Cine.The fourteen comprehensive examina­tions leading to the Chicago B.A. covera body of subject matter which in- eludes relatively little' natural science.For, when the College expanded its cur­riculum from seven to fourteen compre­hensives, most of the expansion was inthe nonscience areas. Furthermore, thescience which remained in the Collegecurriculum was reduced in subject-mat­ter coverage in favor of sustained treat­ment of fewer topics, a change whichmay well have served the educationalinterests of many students but whichfurnished the premedic with a rathermeager natural science coverage for hispurposes.The total effect of these severalchanges forced the Chicago premedic tospend four years following high schoolin qualifying for our School of Medi­cine: two and a fraction years in pre­paring for the ten or eleven comprehen­sives needed for his B.A. and one anda fraction years covering the neces­sary additional pre-professional sciencecourses. The training was excellent,but, as pointed out before, the time re­quired was felt to be exorbitant by agreat many prospective premedics.It is hoped that this picture willchange in the near future as the resultof articulation between College and up­per Division course work which will en­able high-school graduates to completepremedical work in three years. TheB.S. in Biological Sciences had beendropped shortly after the College startedto award its B.A., with the result thatstudents could secure no degree in thisarea short of the M.S. This required theB.A. of the College plus three additionalyears of work in the upper Division, ora total of six years of work for the typ­ical high-school graduate.A new B.S. degree at the Universityof Chicago will now be available, and itwill require only four years of work bythe typical high-school graduate (theM.S., when properly planned, will re­quire one additional year). It should beemphasized that this is not a return tothe B.S. of the earlier era. It is, instead,a degree that will be awarded jointly bythe College and the Division of Bio­logical Sciences. It provides a uniqueopportunity for distribution of bothspecialized courses and courses in gen­eral education over the entire fouryears. It does not (necessarily) includecomplete fulfilment of B.A. require­ments but does inelude a substantial andbalanced general education in the majorarts and sciences. It also includes ful­filment of the major sequence require­ments of the particular department thatawards the degree (e.g., Botany, Zool­ogy, etc.).The establishment of the new B.S.program has been made possible by ad­justments of two types. (a) High-schoolgraduates who are candidates for theB.S. in Biological Sciences are to be[Continued on page 16]MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 3ERIC SIMMONS, Assistant Dean of Students; COLEMAN SESKIND, president of thePremedic Club; JOSEPH J. CEITHAML, Dean of Students in the Biological Sciences.PREMEDIC CLUBBy ERIC L. SIMMONSAssistant Professor in the Institute 0/ Ra­diobiology and Biophysics and Assist­ant Dean of Students in theBiological SciencesWhat makes a student wish to be­come a doctor? What factors influencehis decision?Premedical students at the Univer­sity of Chicago in conferences with theiradvisers face such basic questions earlyin order to avoid the trouble that willcome later if they enter medicine con­fused and uncertain about their motiva­tion. Many students report simply thatthey have wanted to be physicians "aslong as they can remember." Sometimesthis implies parental pressure. Oftenthe desire to become a doctor has itsorigins in a variety of childhood im­pressions-the bandaged cut at summercamp, the confidence inspired by thefamily physician, or the fascination ofthe first biology course. Through theformative years of his life the prospec­tive premedic develops his own inter­est in the possibility of medicine as acareer, sometimes despite the hope ofhis parents that he join the father's lawfirm or inherit the family's flourishingbusiness.It is usually true that the early en­thusiasm for medicine of the enteringcollege student is based upon his glam­orized picture of medical practice, andtoo often he knows little about the ac­tual training and life of a doctor. Hisfundamental premedical courses inchemistry, physics, and biology givehim excellent scientific background butdo not answer the many and variedquestions that premedical students for­mulate in their desire to know moreabout the profession.In order to obtain such informationand to acquaint themselves more accu- rately with their chosen field, a smallgroup of students in our College organ­ized the Premedical Club of the Uni­versity of Chicago last October, andwithin six months the membership hasgrown to ninety-two. Coleman Seskind,a premedical student whose home isin Chicago, has been president the firstyear. Unlike premedical clubs on othercampuses where membership is hon­orary and limited to advanced studentswhose scholastic excellence is such thattheir selection by a medical school isalready practically assured, the found­ers of this organization were studentsin the College who had completed onlytwo or three years of high schoo!. How­ever, students at all College and Divi­sional levels are eligible for member­ship. Faculty sponsors are John May­field, chairman of the Natural SciencesII course in the College, and Eric Sim­mons, premedical adviser and assistantdean of students in the Biological Sci­ences. The sponsors help arrange theactivities requested by the members.One such request came from studentswho had never had an opportunity to"experiment" in the laboratory. Al­though premedical students receive ex­cellent and thorough laboratory trainingduring the course of their formalstudies, some beginning students areanxious to devise and conduct their ownprojects, and therefore Mr. Mayfieldoffered the laboratory facilities of theCollege to members of the group.The weekly meetings of the club havebeen conducted along three lines of in­terest: informal talks related to medi­cine and medical school, followed bylively question and answer periods;tours of medical facilities; and moviesof subjects closely allied to the profes­sion. The purpose of these endeavorshas been to seek out and to examine the variety of problems which face the doc­tor in society today, so that the pre­medical student may decide for himselfwhether he is best suited for a career ofthis nature. At the same time, he learnsof the various specialties available toan M.D. upon graduation.To illustrate the wide scope of inter­ests of the club, it is necessary only toindicate its recent guest speakers andtheir topics. John H. Landor, one of ourown College graduates and a member ofthe class of 1953, discussed the prob­lems of the student in medical schoo!.Dr. Andrew Brislen, a private physi­cian associated with the WoodlawnHospital, spoke about private practicein the big city. The possibilities for re­search careers in medicine were broughtto the attention of the club by Profes­sor Wright Adams, chairman of theDepartment of Medicine. Facts regard­ing specialization in medicine in tworepresentative areas, psychiatry andsurgery, have been presented by Dr.Nathaniel S. Apter and Dr. J. GarrottAllen of our School of Medicine. Newfrontiers in treatment using radioactiveisotopes were dramatically presented byDr. William F. Bethard of our Depart­ment of Medicine, who showed the newfilm, "The Atom and Medicine," whichhe helped produce. On the other hand,the practical aspect of admission tomedical. school has not been forgotten,as is shown in the accompanying photo­graph which was taken when Dean Jo­seph Ceithaml spoke to the group on"Our School of Medicine and Its Selec­tion Policies." The clinical staff hasalso been most co-operative in permit­ting small groups to tour the hospitalsand research laboratories on campus.These tours have been personally con­ducted by members of our clinical staff,and this has greatly added to the suc­cess of these ventures. In addition tothe tours here art campus, the clubvisited the University of Illinois Med­ical Center in May.The number of students who actuallyenter a medical school has always beenconsiderably smaller than those who ex­press interest in medicine during theirundergraduate training. Moreover, onoccasion excellent students well qualifiedfor the study of medicine are attractedinto other professions simply becausethey have not had the opportunity tounderstand and to appreciate the oppor­tunities for careers in medicine. ThePremedical Club of the University ofChicago, by helping to provide answersto the many questions of the youngpremedic, will enable him to embarkon his medical career with a clearerpicture of the road ahead and shouldincrease the number of well-motivated,better-informed, and excellently pre­pared candidates for medical schooltraining.4 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINSEN lOR SCI E N T IF I C S E S S IONOn Wednesday evening, June IO,I9S3, at 7 :30 P.M., in Pathology I I7 aprogram of scientific papers will be pre­sented by members oj the Senior Classof I9S3. Alumni and friends of the Uni­versity are invited to attend.Abstracts of most of the papers arepresented here.Symptomatic HemolyticAnemia: A SerologicTest for Its DetectionBy HUGH FUDENBERGIt is the purpose of this summary toreport a serologic test useful in differ­entiating immunologic symptomatic-he­molytic anemia in which the Coombstest is negative from (1) nonhemolyticsecondary anemias of blood loss andmarrow depression and also from (2)nonimmunologic hemolytic anemias dueto therapy, or to bacterial or endoge­nous toxins. This differentiation is thenuseful in selection of patients for corti­sone therapy of the immunologic hemo­lytic anemia.This test is based on the postulatethat, since the reticulo-endothelial sys­tem produces antibodies from gammaglobulin, alteration of the reticulo-endo­thelial system by proliferative processesresults in concomitant alteration of thegamma globulin antibodies normallyproduced; hence the red cells, to whichthese "blocking" antibodies are ad­sorbed, fail to react with the usualCoombs antinormal gamma-globulinserum. This assumption of abnormalglobulins in primary disease of the retic­ulo-endothelial system is perhaps nottoo unreasonable, since such abnormalglobulins are found in other myelo­proliferative diseases.Proceeding on this basic postulate, weprepared anti-lymphoma-globulin-sera(A-L sera) in a manner exactly analo­gous to Coombs antisera, using chroniclymphatic leukemia patients rather thannormal patients as donors.RESULTSOne hundred ninety-six tests usingthe A-L sera (as well as a controlCoombs test) were performed on 66patients with primary reticulo-endothe­lial disorders with hemoglobins of lessthan 11.5 gm. per cent. One to seventests were performed on each patient.Three-day fecal urobilinogen determina­tions and reticulocyte counts were si­multaneously obtained.Hemolytic indices were taken as anindication of presence or absence ofhemolysis, and patients were divided onthe basis of test results into fourgroups: true positives, true negatives,false positives, and false negatives. All patients who gave a false result onone determination were placed in thatfalse category, even if previous or subse­quent serologic determinations gave truepositive or true negative results. Eachpatient was listed only once, regardlessof the number of tests performed.Of 64 patients with symptomatichemolytic anemia, 20 gave true posi­tives, 2 false positives, 39 true nega­tives, and 3 false negatives, an accuracyof 92 per cent. Of the 20 patients withtrue positive results, only 3 gave posi­tive Coombs tests. Two patients withprimary acquired hemolytic anemiagave positive results to both theCoombs and the A-L sera tests.Of the patients tested who receivedcortisone, S of the 9 with positive A-Lsera test showed marked temporary re­mission of the hemolytic process fol­lowing institution of the cortisone ther­apy; however, only 1 of the 11 patientswith negative tests so treated ,showedsignificant rise in serum hemoglobinfollowing such therapy.The Relationship of BloodLevels of Dicumarol toProthrombin IndexBy MORRIS J. SEIDEDicumarol, 3-3' methylenebis (4-hy­droxycoumarin), has been valuable as aclinical aid in the treatment of thrombo­embolic disorders such as myocardialinfarction, thrombophlebitis, and pul­monary infarction. However, dicumarolhas been difficult to use clinically be­cause of the wide variations between in­dividuals in responding to the drug, un­predictable variations in the same indi­vidual from day to day, and difficultiesinherent in the laboratory test ofprothrombin time. After the develop­ment of a colorimetric test for dicu­marol, it became possible to determinequantitatively the amount of circulatingdicumarol and correlate these findingswith the prothrombin indices.A total of 667 determinations wasmade on 52 patients. The diagnoses in­cluded myocardial infarction, thrombo­phlebitis, pulmonary embolus, auricularfibrillation, congestive failure, and cere­bral artery thrombosis. The results sug­gest that differences in intestinal ab­sorption are not the primary factor inthe clinical response to oral doses ofdicumarol. A significant correlation wasnot found between the prothrombintime of a patient's blood and the quan­tity of dicumarol in the blood, and indi­vidual variations in prothrombin indexin response to dicumarol did not corre­late with differences in blood dicumarollevels. These findings indicate that as ythere is no precise technique availabwhich can be used to insure predictabiity in the administration of dicumarol :the individual patient.Effect of Pencillin on Anti­streptolysin-a Titersin RabbitsBy MARJORIE MONTAGUEAn Attempt To Implicate atImmunologic Etiology 'inUlcerative ColitisBy ROBERT S. LEVINESimultaneous Measurement cSize and Secretion of theCanine Prostate and the Intelaction of Estrogen andAndrogen ThereonBy JOHN L. SOMMERUtilizing the castrate dog, a precedure was developed for transloc:tion of the prostate from its natural beto a subcutaneous position in the perineum where its size and its secretiocould be measured over a period 0months. The secretion was collectefrom a fistula in the perineum formefrom the prostatic portion of the severed bladder neck. (Urine was drainefrom the bladder by a cannula passelthrough the abdominal wall.) Thprostatic secretion was obtained by thinjection of 5 mg. pilocarpine ,hydrochloride intravenously.The secretion of saliva, collecte:from a fistula of Wharton's duct, serveas an internal indicator of the effecof the standard pilocarpine stimulusEstrogen (stilbestrol) and androger(testosterone propionate) dissolved irsesame' oil and supplied by daily intramuscular injections altered profoundl;the prostatic secretion; saliva was nolaffected.The secretory curves of the submaxillary gland and of the actively secretingprostate gland, following a standarcpilocarpine stimulus, were similar. Wherthe logarithms of time and of volume(per 5-minute interval) were plottedas abscissae and ordinates, respectivelythe points fell in straight lines. Arequation which expressed the relation­ship of time (t), volume (v) per unit oltime, and slope (m) of either line wascv=­tID,wherein c was constant for any particu­lar fluid collection,MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN sUnder the influence of increasing in­crements of testosterone propionatedosage, the prostate enlarged in corre­sponding size increments in simple pro­portion to the amount of androgen.Moderate amounts of testosterone (10mg. daily) concealed both the function­al and the structural effects on theprostate of small amounts of stilbestrol(0.1-0.3 mg. daily) and vice versa (5mg. testosterone and 1.0-5.0 mg. stil­bestrol daily). In the former case, noalteration of the rising secretory curvewas detected, and no changes attributa­ble to estrogen could be seen in theprostatic epithelium. In the latter case,prostatic secretion was entirely sup­pressed and columnar epithelium dis­appeared.Certain critical quantities of stilbes­trol (0.4-6.0 mg. daily) caused a down­ward deflection in the rising prostaticsecretory curve in the dog treated withmoderate amounts of testosterone (10-20 mg. daily). The secretory curveformed a plateau at a lower level andwas maintained for many weeks withcontinuation of the combined treatment.Increasing stilbestrol (0.75-1.0 mg.daily) caused a further drop in thecurve with the formation of a new andlower plateau. During such plateaus, in­creasing the testosterone to very largeamounts (up to 40 mg. daily) causedno rise in the curve. Any further in­crease in the estrogen dosage, however,produced even lower plateaus. Secretionwas never abolished by estrogen in thepresence of medium to large amounts ofandrogen (10-40 mg. testosterone pro­pionate daily). Acid phosphatase levelsof the prostatic secretion during theplateaus (146-378 King-Armstrongunits per 100 cc.) were similar to thoseof castrated dogs receiving androgenalone. The phenomenon of the secretoryplateau is explained on the basis of si­multaneous physiologic action of andro­gen and estrogen on the prostatic epi­thelium.The depression of prostatic secretionresults from changes in the prostaticepithelium, both functional and struc­tural. These changes are best under­stood in terms of differential steroidthresholds in different groups of cellswithin the prostate, the anterior rim ofthe gland being the least susceptible tothe influence of estrogens.Survey of Tuberculosis Skin­Testing ProgramBy JEAN L. HIRSCHThis survey of the tuberculosis skin­testing program at the University ofChicago covering the last three yearsaffords a comparison with a similar sur­vey of the previous three years. The present study emphasizes also a com­parison between medical and nonmedicalstudents, as can be seen from the fol­lowing brief description of the program.All students are skin tested with 0.0001mg. PPD and microfilmed. This is re­peated yearly on nonmedical studentswho are tuberculin negative. Tubercu­lin-positive students have a yearlymicrofilm with no further skin testing.Tuberculin-positive medical students re­ceive no further skin tests. In bothgroups those individuals becoming tuber­culin positive during the period of obser­vation are followed more closely, andlarge X-rays are taken when needed aswell as gastric lavage specimens andsputum collections for smears andcultures.From the table it can be seen thatmedical students have a consistentlylower incidence of tuberculin positiveson entry' as compared to nonmedicalstudents. The tuberculin conversion­rate has not changed greatly among non­medical students between the two pe­riods surveyed, but a similar comparisonfor medical students is difficult to makebecause of the BeG vaccination pro­gram which was started early in 1951.This program has introduced the factorof vaccination-induced conversion, bring­ing about a masking of the natural con­version rate. This masking by BeG ofnatural conversion is one of the chiefdisadvantages to such a vaccination pro­gram. In the earlier three-year survey,the natural conversion rate was signif­icantly higher for medical than for non­medical students. Although the naturalconversion rate in medical students ap­pears very low for the present three­year period, one cannot determine howmuch post-Bf'C conversion is due tovaccination and how much is fromnatural exposure. From this survey thegeneral statement can be made, how­ever, that exposure to tuberculosis (asindicated by skin-test conversion) isnot a significant problem in this medicalschool at this time.The question also arises as to whetheror not particular portions of the medicalstudent body are unduly exposed to tu­berculosis. One special group, studentstaking the autopsy course, were studiedand found not to have a higher tuber­culin conversion rate than those nottaking the course. Role of Neurohumors in theAction of the Adrenal CorticalSteroids: Mobilization ofFoodstuffsBy IRA G. WOOLThe ability of the animal to mobilizefoodstuffs during fasting, followingstress, or during the administration ofexogenous corticosteroids has been gen­erally attributed to a direct action ofthe steroids. We have considered thepossibility that the adrenal corticalsteroids may not themselves· be theeffector agents but may allow othersubstances or mechanisms to operate.Results are reported here implicatingepinephrine in the mobilization of fatand demonstrating an interaction be­tween this neurohumor and the adrenalcortical steroids in the mobilization ofliver glycogen.Fatty livers have been produced infasting female rats by treatment withDL-ethionine, an antimetabolite of me­thionine. The livers of ethionine­treated normal rats contain 11.8 g. percent total lipids as compared to 4.9 g.per cent found in fasted saline-treatedcontrols. Although the liver of thefasted adrenalectomized rat contains anamount of fat (4.4 g. per cent) not sig­nificantly less than that found in thenormal, adrenalectomy has been foundto inhibit the response to ethionine.Only a moderate increase in liver-fatcontent is exhibited by ethionine­treated adrenalectomized animals (4.4g. per cent to 5.8 g. per cent) as com­pared with the normal (4.9 g. per centto 11.8 g. per cent).An attempt has been made to definethe conditions under which ethionineadministration to adrenalectomized ratselicits a response comparable to thatobserved in the normal animal. The ad­ministration of cortisone (0.3 mg'/rat )does not increase the amount of fatmobilized. Rats so treated have liverlipids of 5.0 g. per cent. Treatment withepinephrine (1 mg/kg in oil) tended toproduce a fatty liver, the total liverlipids being 6.8 g. per cent, but wasattended by a high mortality. When epi­nephrine was administered together[Continued on page 10]ACQUISITION OF TUBERCULIN SENSITIVITY BY MEDICALAS COMPARED TO NONMEDICAL STUDENTSNumber ofStudentsMedical students:January, 1947-June, 1950 347July, 1950-April, 1953 292Nonmedical students:January, 1947- June, 1950 .. 17,542July, 1950-April, 1953 6,279 Tuberculin Positive on Converters from Tubercu-Entry into Survey lin Negative to Positive(% of Total Group) (% of Total Group)22.520.9 15.02.7 (natural)6.5 (BCG)2.01.529.131.36 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINTHE SENIORAKESON, WAYNE HENRYBorn May 5, 1928; Intern.: Billings; Orthopedics;Married; One child; 3403 Floyd Ave., Sioux City,Iowa.ALEXANDER, EDWARD RUSSELLBorn June 15, 1928; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1948;B.S., 1949; Intern.: Cincinnati Gen. H.; Pediatrics;Married; 1321 E. 57th St., Chicago 37.ANDERSON, PAUL JULIUSBorn Oct. 11, 1925; Ohio U.; B.S., 1949; Intern.:Philadelphia Gen. H.; Neurology; Married; 839 FifthAve., Akron 6, Ohio.BABCOCK, CARVELLEBorn Dec. 8, 1926; Intern.: Illinois Res. & Educ.H.; Psychiatry; Unmarried; 1024 S. Geddes St., Syra­cuse, N.Y.BAKER, HOWARD ROBERT, JR.Born Apr. 8,1927; U. of Arizona, B.S., 1949;Intern.: Los Angeles V.A. H.; Internal medicine orGeneral practice; Married; A .. O.A.; 15 Camino Mira­monte, Tucson, Ariz.BIRNDORF, RAYMOND LAWRENCEBorn June 23, 1928; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., S.B.,1948; Intern.: Illinois Res. & Educ. H.; Specialty un­determined; Unmarried; 7428 Clyde Ave., Chicago.BRA VICK, DONALD DEANBorn Sept. 4, 1926; Luther College, B.S., 1949;Intern.: U. of Minnesota H.; Surgery; Married;Thompson, Iowa.BRESLOW, ALEXANDER Z.Born Mar. 23, 1928; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1948;Intern.: U .S.P.H.S., Baltimore; Internal medicine;Married; No permanent address.CADMAN, NORMAN LEROYBorn Feb. 9, 1928; St. Olaf College, A.B., 1949;Intern.: Minneapolis Gen. H.; Surgery; Married;Kasson, Minn.CASSON, SOPHIE MARKARIANBorn May 9, 1927; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1947;Intern., Illinois Res. & Educ. H.; Pediatrics; Married;5401 Ellis Ave., Chicago 15.CHRISTOFF, NICHOLASBorn May 26,1927; Purdue U., B.S., 1949;,Intern.:University H., Cleveland; Internal medicine; Mar­ried; 10120 Wilbur Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.COFFIELD, KENNETH JORDANBorn Nov. 12, 1927; Harvard, A.B., 1948; M.A.,1949; Intern.: King's County H., Brooklyn; Internalmedicine; Unmarried; 1 Bentley Road, Great Neck,N.Y.COHEN, LOUISBorn Dec. 5, 1928; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1948;Intern.: Billings; Internal medicine; Married; 5603Maryland Ave., Chicago 37.COX, ROBERT SAYRE, JR.Born Jan. 30, 1925; Stanford U., B.S., 1946; B.A.,1948; M.S., 1948; Ph.D., 1952; Intern.: LettermanArmy H.; Pediatrics-research chemistry; Married;No permanent address.DIMICK, DEAN FLORIMONDBorn July 12, 1925; U. of Idaho, B.S., 1949; In­tern.: King County H., Seattle; Internal medicine;Unmarried; 316 Washington St., Montpelier, Idaho.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 7CLASS OF 1953• DOBSON, RICHARD L.Born April 12, 1928; U. of New Hampshire, B.S.,1949; Intern.: Cincinnati Gen. H.; Internal medicine;Married; No permanent address.DOULl, JOHNBorn Sept. 13, 1923; Montana State U., S.B., 1944;U. of Chicago, Ph.D., 1951; Pharmacology; Unmar­ried; 5656 Drexel Blvd., Chicago 37.EOISEN, CLAYTON BYRONBorn April, 1927; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1949; In­tern.: Billings; Psychiatry; Married; 1139 E. 60thSt., Chicago 37.EDW ALDS, ROBERT MANFREDBorn Mar. 26, 1925; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1947;S.B., 1948; Intern.: Blodgett Mem. H.; Psychiatry;Married; Two children; No permanent address.ERVANIAN, ALEXANDERBorn Nov. 3,1928; Roosevelt College, B.S., 1949;Intern.: Illinois Res. & Educ. H.; Pathology; Mar­ried; 11820 Eggleston Ave., Chicago.ESQUIVEL, RODERICK LORENZOBorn May 12, 1927; Ripon College, A.B., 1949; In­tern.: Santo Tomas H., Panama City; General prac­tice; Unmarried; Ave. Obaldia No.8, Davio, Chiriqui,Rep. de Panama.FITCH, FRANK WESLEYBorn May 30, 1929; Intern.: University H., AnnArbor; Pathology; Married; A.O.A.; 597 Dean Street,Bushnell, Ill.FLANAGAN, GEORGE CLEMENTBorn Aug. 24, 1928; Intern.: Billings; Internalmedicine; Unmarried; 6911 Bennett Ave., Chicago.FORET, JOHN DORTBorn Aug. 6, 1926; San Diego State U., A.B., 1949;Intern.: Kansas Med. Center; Internal medicine; Un­married ; 9133 San Juan Pl., La Mesa, Calif.FUDENBERG, HERMAN HUGHBorn Oct. 24, 1928; U.C.L.A., A.B., 1949; Intern.:Salt Lake Gen. H.; Internal medicine; 111 S. Harper,Los Angeles, Calif.GABBY, JAMES IV ANBorn Sept. 3, 1926; U. of Chicago, S.B., 1950;S.M., 1951; Intern.: Mount Zion H., San Francisco;Pediatric psychiatry; Married; % Joseph W. Gabby,P.O. Box 66, Stronghurst, Ill.GEORGOULIS, EV ANGELOS ANDREASBorn May 9, 1926; Intern.: Cleveland City H.;Psychiatry; Unmarried; 22 Rock Street, Lowell,Mass.GLICKMAN, PAUL BERNARDBorn Feb. 14, 1929; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1948;S.B., 1950; Intern.: Boston City H.; Internal medi­cine; Unmarried; A.O.A.; No permanent address.GOLDSMITH, ROBERT SAMUELBorn Dec. 13, 1926; U. of Chicago, S.B., 1949;Intern.: Cincinnati Gen. H.; 6534 N. Francisco Ave.,Chicago.GREER, DAVID STEVENBorn Oct. 12, 1925; U. of Notre Dame, B.S., 1948;Intern.: Grace-New Haven H.; Internal medicine­endocrinology; Married; A.O.A.; No permanent ad­dress.8 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINTHE SENIOHARRIS, JOHN BANKSBorn Aug. 26, 1925; Intern.: U. of California H.;Internal medicine; Married; 5132 Drexel Blvd., Chi­cago 15.HEIPLE, KINGSBURY GRAFFBorn Aug. 15, 1927; Intern.: Blodgett Mem. H.;Radiology; Married; One child; 221 N. Maplewood,Peoria, Ill.HIRSCH, JEAN LANEBorn AprilS, 1928; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1949;Intern.: King County H., Seattle; Pediatrics orpathology; Unmarried; 5830 Stony Island Ave., Chi­cago 37.HOMER, RICHARD SHELDONBorn April 27, 1929; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1947;S.B., 1949; Intern.: Mount Zion H., San Francisco;Internal medicine; Married; 6139 Kenwood Ave.,Chicago 37.JAMES, ARTHUR FRANKLINBorn July 13, 1922; U.C.L.A., B.A., 1948; Intern.:U .S.P .H.S., Staten Island; Internal medicine; Mar­ried; Two children; 14068 Van Nuys Blvd., Pacoima,Calii.JAPENGA, JACK WALLACEBorn June 22, 1928; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1949;Intern.: U.S.P.H.S., San Francisco; Specialty unde­termined; Married; 301 W. 107th PI., Chicago 28.JOHNSON, CHARLES RONALDBorn Mar. 5,1927; Intern.: St. Louis City H.;General practice; Married; 911 West Scott, Still­water, Okla.KELLEY, PAUL SPENCERBorn Feb. 25, 1923; Randolph-Macon College,B.S., 1949; Intern.: U.S.P.H.S., New Orleans; Internalmedicine; Married; 205 Church Street, Staunton, Va.KNELLER, ALBERT WILLIAMBorn May 6, 1925; Syracuse U., B.S.C.E., 1945;U. of Rochester, M.S., 1948; Intern.: U.S.P.H.S.,Boston; Neuropsychiatry; Married; No permanentaddress.LACKEY, JOSEPH OWEN, JR.Born April 6, 1927; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1948;S.B., 1949; Intern.: New York H. (Cornell); Spe­cialty undetermined; Unmarried; 5402 East ViewPark, Chicago 15.LANDOR, JOHN HENRYBorn Sept. 30, 1927; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1948;Intern.: Billings; Surgery; Unmarried; 1257 PerkinsAve., N.W., Canton, Ohio.LEVINE, ROBERT SHELDONBorn July 20, 1929; Illinois Wesleyan U., B.S.,1948; Intern.: Billings; Surgery; Married; 6207 EllisAve., Chicago 37.L YON, EDWARD SPAFFORDBorn Feb. 26, 1926; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1948;B.S., 1950; Intern.: Billings; Surgery; Married; Onechild; 9800 Vanderpoel Ave., Chicago.MARSHALL, JACK ALLENBorn April 21, 1927; Kansas State Teachers Col­lege, B.S., 1949; Intern.: Kansas Med. Center; Sur­gery; Unmarried; Kirkwood Apts., Pittsburg, Kan.MATTHIES, FREDBorn Aug. 29, 1927; Reed College, A.B., 1949; In­tern.: Thos. D. Dee H., Ogden; internal medicine;Unmarried; 3709 E. 42d Ave., Portland, Ore.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 9CLASS OF 1953MONTAGUE, MARJORIE HELENBorn Nov. 23, 1920; Colorado State College ofEducation, B.A., 1942; Intern.: King County H.,Seattle; Pediatrics; Unmarried; A.O.A.; 875 Penn­sylvania Ave., Denver, Colo.NORTHRUP, GORDON E.Born Dec. 6, 1923; Intern.: Cook County H.; Psy­chiatry; Married; Two children; 415 Vassar Way,Swarthmore, Pa.PARKS, HARRY WILLIAMBorn June 3, 1928; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1948;Intern.: Hartford H., Connecticut; Internal medi­cine; Unmarried; 3852 N. Harding Ave., Chicago.REAVEN, GERALD MARKBorn July 28, 1928; U. of Chicago, A.B., 1947;Intern.: Billings; Urology; Married; 1605 E. 50thStreet, Chicago 15.REILLY, RICHARD WOLFEBorn Oct. 23, 1925; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1948;B.S., 1949; U. of Illinois, M.S. (Pharmacology),1953; Intern.: King County H., Seattle; Specialtyundetermined; Married; 6401 Eggleston Ave., Chicago.RUBIN, BERNARDBorn Dec. 31, 1926; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1949;Intern.: Illinois Res. & Educ. H.; Internal medicine;Married; A.O.A.; 4925 N. Kedzie Ave., Chicago.SAFT, VIRGINIA COLEBECKBorn Feb. 8, 1928; Newcomb College, B.A., 1949;Intern.: Illinois Res. & Educ. H.; Psychiatry; Mar­ried; No permanent address.SA YMAN, WYNN ALBERTBorn May 8, 1926; Intern.: Billings; Orthopedics;Unmarried; 2504 Marye St., Alexandria, La.SEIDE, MORRIS JACOBBorn Dec. 29, 1921; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1947;B.S., 1949; Intern.: Grace-New Haven Comm. H.;Internal medicine; Married; 716 E. 20th St., SiouxFalls, S.D.SHARTON, ERIC FREDBorn Mar. 27, 1925; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1947;S.B., 1948; Intern.: Boston City H.; Internal medi­cine; Unmarried; 901 Gordon Terrace, Chicago 13.SOMMER, JOHN LAMBERTBorn Jan. 23, 1927; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1948;B.S., 1949; Intern.: Billings; Surgery; Married; 1604N. Eighth St., Pekin, Ill.STEMMER, EDWARD ALANBorn Jan. 20, 1930; U. of Chicago, B.A., 1949;Intern.: Billings; Surgery; Unmarried; 5235 LillianDr., Cincinnati 29, Ohio.THOMPSON, JOHN SECORDBorn Oct. 29, 1928; U. of California, B.A., 1949;Intern.: Billings; Specialty undetermined; Unmar­ried; 1230 Crestdale Road, Lincoln, Neb.THURSTONE, CONRAD GWINNBorn Apr. 29, 1930; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1949;Intern.: Billings; Surgery; Unmarried; Chapel Hill,N.C.WEINBERG, HORST DAVIDBorn Feb. 28, 1928; U. of Michigan, B.S., 1949;Intern.: Cincinnati Gen. H.; Pediatrics; Unmarried;11 Wodehouse Road, Bombay, India.10 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINSenior Scientific Session-r Continued from page 51wi th cortisone to ethionine-treatedadrenalectomized rats, an amount offat appeared in the liver (10.1 g. percent) which is comparable to that ob­served in the normal.The results are interpreted as sup­porting the following hypothesis: (1)that ethionine is responsible for themetabolic milieu which leads to the mo­bilization of fat; (2) that "permissive"amounts of cortisone are necessary forthis mobilization; and (3) that epineph­rine is the effector agent. Thus thewell-established inabili ty of the adrena­lectomized animal to mobilize fat mightrepresent an altered sensitivity to theaction of the neurohumor epinephrine.Ancillary evidence for the interactionof the adrenal-medullary hormoneepinephrine and the adrenal corticalsteroids in the mobilization of food­stuffs has been obtained in the dog. Wehave studied the role of the adrenalsteroids in the mobilization of liverglycogen by epinephrine. It has beenfound that the adrenalectomized dog is WEINREB, MARVIN SEYMOURBorn July 28,1926; Lehigh U., B.A., 1948; Intern.:Kansas Med. Center; Internal medicine or Ophthal­mology; Married; 900 80th St., North Bergen, N.J.WHITE, JOYCE GOODFELLOWBorn Jan. 13, 1922; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1946; Nointernship planned; Specialty undetermined; Mar­ried; 806 E. 58th St., Chicago 37.WILT, EDWARD FRANK, JR.Born Sept. 12, 1925; U. of Chicago, Ph.B., 1948;B.S., 1949; Intern.: Henry Ford H.; Internal medi­cine; Married; 77,59 S. Bishop St., Chicago.WOLFSON, HERMANBorn Sept. 14, 1920; U. of Chicago, B.S., 1949;Intern.: Cook County H.; Specialty undetermined;Unmarried; Bennetts Mills Road, Van Hiseville, N.J.WOOL, IRA GOODWINBorn Aug. 22, 1925; Syracuse U., A.B., 1949; R&­search in physiology; Married; A.O.A.; 56 Good­win Ave., Newark, N.J.YOUNG, CLARENCE J.Born Aug. 21, 1916; Iowa State College, B.S., 1938;U. of Michigan, M.s., 1939; Intern.: Billings; Obstet­rics & Gynecology; Married; Three children; A.O.A.,P.O. Box 3318, Honolulu 1, Hawaii.ZARTMAN, HARVEY FORDBorn June 22, 1927; U. of Chicago, B.A., B.S.,1949; Intern.: Massachusetts Gen. H.; Pediatrics;Unmarried; 120 N. West Ave., Freeport, Ill.resistant to the hyperglycemic effects ofepinephrine and that this resistance iseliminated by the infusion of cortisone(1.5 mgykg z hr ) intravenously for twohours. The results are interpreted asadding support to the hypothesis thatcertain of the defects observed inadrenal-insufficient animals (inability tomobilize foodstuffs) represents the al­tered sensitivity of various end organsto epinephrine.Influence of Normal andAltered Connective Tissueon Metastatic CalcificationBy GERALD REAVENMetastic calcification has been de­fined as the deposition of calcium with­in soft tissue in which there has been noprevious destructive change. It is mostfrequently seen within the connectivetissue of the kidney, the connective tis­sue of the pulmonary alveoli, and in theconnective tissue between the acid-se­creting glands of the stomach. Hyper­parathyroidism is the most commoncause of metastatic calcification. The no- tion generally held is that metastatcalcification is a result of hypercalcemiIt has been known for some tirrthat an elevated serum-calcium lev,does not necessarily produce metastatcalcification, and, in fact, metastatic cacification has been produced with 10serum-calcium levels. Many other throries have been proposed, but 'none (them has attempted to explain why thcalcium is deposited within the connertive tissue. Apparently, the fact thocalcium is almost uniformly describeas being laid down within the connertive tissue is considered as being simplfortuitous and without any bearing 0the nature of the process involved.It seems reasonable to assume thathere is an explanation for metastaticalcification occurring only within thconnective tissue. This study attemptsfirst, to demonstrate that metastatic calcification is not necessarily produced b:elevated serum-calcium levels. In thpresent experiment it was possible by th.direct administration of calcium to produce serum-calcium levels, both totaand ionized, as high as those achieved b:[Continued on page 12]MEUICAL ALUMNI BULLETINBIRTHS 11Dr. and Mrs. Clifford L. Peasley-«Deborah Honor. January 23, 1952. ;Dr. and Mrs. Leo Abood-GeorgeThomas. October 7.Dr. and Mrs. Vernon K. S. Jim­Gwendolyn Ngit How. October 9.Dr. and Mrs. Olaf Skinsnes-AnweiVi veca. October 11.Dr. and Mrs. Robert Jampolis-Eliza­beth Ann. October 15.Dr. and Mrs. David Lochman-Lind­say Lowell. October 16.Dr. and Mrs. Jesus Saldamando- JoanMary. October 31.Dr. and Mrs. John E. Charles-JoanMarie. November 4.Lt. and Mrs. Robert M. Chanock­Foster Osgood. November 6.Dr. and Mrs. Robert J. Wirtshafter­Robert David. November 6.Dr. and Mrs. Robert Sager-AnneElizabeth. November 8.Mr. and Mrs. Ali Othman (Dr. EvelynAdams)-Omar Ali. November 17.Dr. and Mrs. Peter V. Moulder­James Lyons. December 3.Dr. and Mrs. Albert Sjoersdma-LeslieEllen. December 24.Dr. and Mrs. Irvin H. Strub-MichaelDavid. December 28.Dr. and Mrs. James McBean-son.January, 1953.Dr. and Mrs. Henry Gelfand-Chris­topher W. January 11.Dr. and Mrs. Andrew J. Brislen­Martha Josephine. January 12, 1953.Dr. and Mrs. Paul E. Zuelke-son.January 14.Dr. and Mrs. Samuel Abramson­Rachel Leah. January 15.Dr. and Mrs. James Cason-Lucy Ann.January 24.Dr. and Mrs. Calvin J. Dillaha­Marcia Louise. January 26.Dr. and Mrs. James W. J. Carpender­Anne Jayne. February 9.Dr. and Mrs. Irwin Weinstein-James.February 15.Dr. and Mrs. Aaron Ganz-Sara Lynn.March.Dr. and Mrs. Thomas S. Szasz-MargotClaire. March 10.Dr. and Mrs. Shu Yung Wang-Susan.March 13.Dr. and Mrs -. Harry Williams-SusanHart. March 14.Dr. and Mrs. Donald Tysinger-DavidStephen. March 20.Dr. and Mrs. Stanley Mendeles-ChadMendy. March 22.Dr. and Mrs. Joaquin Coto-SylviaVictoria. March 25.Dr. and Mrs. Richard D. Kershner­Gregory Dudley. March 31.Dr. and Mrs. David Ruml-Elizabeth.April 16.MARRIAGESDr. Robert S. Mendelsohn-Rita LouiseRemer, March 29, 1952.Dr. Robert Morgan-Nancy Doerr, Au­gust 12.Dr. Colvin Agnew-Alice Steinway, Oc­tober 11. DRS. LESTER DRAGSTEDT CARL DRAGSTEDT, J. BAILEY CARTER, ARNO B.LUCKHARDT, EDWIN C. MILLER, EDWARD D. ALLEN, and ERNST T. MORCH.TRIBUTE TOFRED CONRAD KOCHThe importance of the role played bythe late Fred Koch in the developmentof ACTH has recently come to our at­tention.It will be recalled that, after Profes­sor Koch's retirement from the Uni­versity of Chicago, he continued for anumber of years to work actively in thelaboratory provided for him by Armourand Company. A recent letter receivedby Lemuel C. McGee (Rush '29) ofWilmington, Delaware, from John H.Glynn '32, then technical director ofthe Armour Laboratories, contains thefollowing statement:"Dr. Koch not only contributed im­portantly in manufacturing methods,but it was he who recognized the impor­tance of the work of Sayers and Sayersand predicted that this method of assaywould permit the chemical fractionationto proceed along satisfactory lines."I have no hesitancy in saying thatit was Dr. Koch's foresight and inter­est which contributed more to the de­velopment of ACTH than anythingelse." LUCKHARDT HONORED"Today we celebrate this milestone inanesthesia: on the historical date, at thehistorical place, and with the historicalpersons present. We commemorate yourdiscovery, a blessing to suffering hu­manity." Thus concluded Ernst T.Morch at the reception honoring ArnoB. Luckhardt on the thirtieth anniver­sary of his discovery of the use ofethylene as an anesthetic.On March 14, in the dramatic settingpictured above, Dr. Luckhardt receivedthe congratulations of such old friendsand colleagues as ]. Bailey Carter, whohad assisted Dr. Luckhardt in his ex­periments with ethylene; Carl Drag­stedt, who was the first to administerthe anesthetic; Edward Allen, the firstto use it for childbirth, as well as Mrs.Luckhardt and Mrs. Lester Dragstedt,who were among the first patients towhom it was given; and Edwin M.Miller, the first surgeon to use ethylene.Dr. Luckhardt was presented with a. handsome scroll, composed in Latin byCarl Dragstedt and signed by all pres­ent, as a testimonial of the occasion.Major Necip A. Berksan-Lalo Jaures,December 10.Dr. Olev Aavik-Imbi Aavik, Januaryio, 1953.Dr. Paul Talalay-Pamela Samuels, Jan­uary 11.Dr. Jorge Bustamante-Jean Marie Bast,January 31.Dr. Morris Seide-Sylvia Gordon, March22.Dr. John Gedo--Mary Mathews, April17.Dr. Jack McCarthy-Dr. Victoria de laRiva, May 9.Dr. Robert Levine-Margaret Johnson,June 14.Dr. John Sommer-Donna Mae Med­daugh, June 14. LEAVING CLINICSMatthew Block, '43, assistant professorof medicine in the Argonne Cancer Re­search Hospital, will leave on July 1 tobecome associate professor of medicine atthe University of Colorado Medical Schoolin Denver.Duval Jaros, '46, for the last two yearson the resident staff in ophthalmology, willgo into private practice in or near SanFrancisco this summer. His wife Mary,'51, will be resident in neurology at theUniversity of California.Gordon Vancil, resident and instructorin ophthalmology, plans to go into privatepractice in the region of San Francisco.Nan Warner, '49, will begin her fourth­year residency in pathology in Cedars ofLebanon Hospital, Los Angeles, on July 1.12 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINSenior Scientific Session-[Continued from page ro]the administration of parathormone.Metastatic calcification, however, couldnot be produced by the direct adminis­tration of calcium.Second, an attempt was made to alterthe tissue-response to parathormone.Three methods were used, all designedto alter the state of the connective­tissue ground substance. By the use oftoluidin blue, desoxycorticosterone ace­tate, and unilateral renal hypertrophy,it was possible greatly to modify themetastatic calcification produced in ratsby parathyroid extract. With thesemethods parathormone-induced meta­static calcification was either aug­mented or inhibited. The effects wereindependent of the levels of total andionized calcium.It is suggested that metastatic calcifi­cation can no longer be considered assimply a settling-out of calcium on thebasis of physicochemical laws and thatchanges in the state of the connective­tissue ground substance determine to agreat extent when and where metastaticcalcification will occur.Antibody Formation In theNormal, X-irradiated, andSpleen-shielded RatBy FRANK W. FITCHAdult male rats were given 500 rtotal body X-irradiation with and with­out lead shielding of the spleen. Twen­ty-four hours later these rats and nor­mal controls were given a single injec­tion of radioiodine (P31 )-labeled ty­phoid vaccine intravenously. Blood­stream clearance, tissue distribution, andexcretion of Jl31 were studied. Deter­minations of circulating antibody weremade. The histological reaction to anti­genic stimulation was studied on the dayof injection and after 1, 4, and 6 daysusing methyl green-pyronin stain.There was no difference in rate ofphagocytosis, tissue localization, or rateof disappearance of antigen from thetissues in the three groups of animals.About 65 per cent of the injected radio­activity was found in the liver and 15per cent in the spleen 15 minutes afterantigen injection. Nearly 60 per cent ofthe injected radioactivity had been ex­creted in the urine by all animals at theend of 24 hours suggesting rapid metab­olism of antigen. About 5 per cent ofthe injected activity remained in theliver and spleen 6 days after injection.Control injections of NaP31 into thethree groups resulted in no specific local­ization of radioactivity in the tissuesand more rapid excretion of radioactiv­ity in the urine.Radioautographs of the tissues of the rats receiving iodinated typhoid vaccineshowed localization of .antigen in thespleen. This was principally in the man­tle of cells around the malpighian cor­puscles and focally in the red pulp.There was focal localization in the liver,apparently in the Kupffer's cells.The histologic reaction of the spleenfollowing antigenic stimulation in nor­mal and spleen-shielded animals con­sisted of hyperplasia of the red pulp andincrease in pyronin-staining of the cellsin the areas of antigen localization. Thereaction was maximal on the fourthday after antigen injection at the timewhen antibody was first found in theserum. There were no changes seen inthe other organs of the reticulo-endo­thelial system. This pattern was not ob­served in irradiated animals; only thechanges due to irradiation were seen.Pyronin selectively stains ribonucleicacid. Ribonucleic acid levels in tissuesand cells correlate with the rate of pro­tein synthesis. The hyperplasia of thesplenic red pulp and increase in pyro­nin-staining of the cells in the areas ofantigenic localization occurred in asso­ciation with antibody production. It ap­pears, therefore, that following antigenicstimulation certain cells of the splenicred pulp in normal and spleen-shieldedanimals proliferate and are engaged inincreased protein synthesis. This evi­dence of protein synthesis was not pres­ent in the irradiated animals.The inhibitory effect of total body X­irradiation on antibody formation inthe rat following intravenous injectionof particulate antigen appears to be re­lated to depression of cellular responsein the spleen rather than to alterationof antigen metabolism.Some Quantitative StudiesIn Nephrotoxic NephritisBy MARVIN WEINREBThe Effect of Cortisone onAntibody Synthesis inthe RabbitBy ALEXANDER BRESLOWThe adrenal gland has been shown toplay an important role in hypersensitiv­ity reactions. Adrenalectomy increasesthe severity of anaphylaxis. The ad­ministration of cortisone or ACTH dur­ing the course of sensitization decreasesthe severity of the Arthus reaction inrabbits. Since the severity of the reac­tion is dependent on the level of circu­lating antibody, it is significant thatcortisone and ACTH have been reportedto decrease the concentration of circu­lating precipitin antibody in the rabbit. This we have been able to confirm.Cortisone does not increase the raof destruction of antibody and does nalter the gross rate of disappearanceantigen from the blood stream. The eperiment described below was design,to test the hypothesis that cortisone dpresses the rate of synthesis of anibody protein and to determine wheththis effect is a specific one or merelymanifestation of cortisone's abilitydepress protein synthesis generally.Eight rabbits were sensitized by daiintravenous injection of 0.2 ml. ofmixture containing 1 mg. of crystallizbovine albumin and 1 mg .. of purifnbovine gamma globulin. After satisfatory antibody levels were attained, fowere injected daily with 5 mg. of consone acetate (Merck) intramuscularlthe remaining four were controAll continued to receive daily injectioof the antigen mixture. After 5 days·hormone treatment all the animals rceived a single intravenous injection.C14-labeled glycine. The animals webled before the injection of glycinand at 3 hours, at 1 day, and at 6 da:following. Quantitative precipitin titefor each antigen were measured. Oplmal proportions precipitates were malfrom aliquots of sera. The residuserum proteins were precipitated wii1 per cent trichloroacetic acid. The rdioactivity of the precipitates was thrmeasured in a flow-type Geiger-Mullcounter.The amount of labeled glycine in copo rated into protein in the 3 houafter the injection of the glycine w;taken to be a measure of the rate Isynthesis of the protein. For the COltrol group the rate of synthesis of antbody protein was in all cases greatithan that of the residual serum pnteins. Cortisone treatment resulted inmean depression of the rate of antbody synthesis to 50 per cent of that (the residual serum proteins. It had nstatistically significant effect on the ralof synthesis of the residual serum preteins. It was concluded that this efferof cortisone is a specific one and notmanifestation of a general antianabolieffect.In rheumatic fever, rheumatoid a:thritis, and disseminated lupus erythematosis, the concentration of gammglobulin is elevated. Clinical remissioinduced by ACTH or cortisone is arcompanied by depression of the level cgamma globulins. From our observstions this might well be a consequencof a decreased rate of synthesis of garrrna globulin (antibody). If these diseases do involve hypersensitivity realtions dependent upon the combinatioof antigen with antibody, one part cthe action of cortisone in modifying thdisease process may be a suppression cantibody synthesis.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 13RUSH ALUMNI NEWS'04. Kellogg Speed, professor emeritusof clinical surgery (Rush) and governorof the American College of Surgeons, spokeon "Trauma in Relation to the Origin ofBone Tumors" at the sectional meeting ofthe American College of Surgeons in LosAngeles on March 31.'13. Ralph H. Kuhns has been re-electeda director of the U.S. Chess Federation.Dr. Kuhns is arranging for the fortiethreunion of the 1913 class in connectionwith the A.M.A. convention in New Yorkin June.'23. James L. McCartney, a psychiatristin practice in Garden City, New York, andauthor of The Drama of Sex, had a novel,Frustrated Martyr, published April 23 bythe Exposition Press. This historical narra­tive covers the period from 1890 to 1922in China. The story is based on the life ofhis father, who started the first hospital inChungking and practiced in the city untilhis death in 1928.'27. Alexander Brunschwig addressedthe Medical Society of Milwaukee Countyin Wisconsin on April 9. He spoke on"Carcinoma."'30. Martin F. Gaynor is practicing pedi­atrics in Springfield, Massachusetts. He hastwo children, both anxious to get to theUniversity of Chicago. He says Ben Earle,'30, and Frank Wood, '32, are both inHartford, Connecticut, and doing very well.He had a visit from Frank Menahan ofKansas last summer, and they enjoyedreviewing events on the Midway in thedistant past of '25 and '27, when Ajax wasin full bloom and Koch uttered the famoussentence, "Cleanliness is not next to Godli­ness; cleanliness is Godliness."'32. John W. Davis is in general prac­tice in Burley, Idaho.'35. Frank H. Hatlelid is chief physicianfor Waialua Agricultural Co., Ltd., a sugarplantation on the north shore of the islandof Oahu, about thirty miles from Honolulu,where he has been since he left the Armyin 1946. He is married to Mary Tree Wat­son, Oklahoma A. & M., '26, and they havetwo children: Mary Tree II, twelve, andDouglas, ten.'36. Col. I. A. Wiles is now in Tokyo,where, he says, he occasionally meets aJapanese alumnus. He is at present chiefmedica I adviser to the Japanese SafetyForce. Col. Wiles had an article in theFebruary 25 issue of International Medical'Yews, published by the International Med­cal Society of Japan on "Diabetes-PublicEducation and Case Detection."'39. William M. lees, chief of surgeryit the Municipal Tuberculosis Sanatoriumn Chicago, participated in the May 6-8ymposium for the Combined Armed'orces at the U.S. Naval Hospital atIreat Lakes, Illinois. REHABILITATIONIN ALASKAIn his work as medical director andthoracic surgeon of the Seward Sanatori­um in Alaska, Francis J. Phillips, '37, hasevolved a course of therapy for tubercularpatients which requires the assistance ofmedical, mental health, social welfare, andvocational rehabilitation workers. In theApril issue of Alaska's Health, Dr. Phillipsdescribes the program.Under this plan, rehabilitation beginswhen patients enter the sanatorium andcontinues after their discharge until theyhave safely met the problems of adjust­ments to life again outside the hospital.Many patients have worked at rigorousoutdoor occupations which they mustchange when they leave the sanatorium ifthey want to stay well. The medical teamdetermines how soon a patient may go towork and what degree of exertion he cansafely engage in. The medical, psychiatric,and psychological social workers help thepatient maintain the link with his familyand his old life and study his emotionalproblems and his personality traits. Thenthe psychiatrist evaluates these studies andcorrelates his findings with the recom­mendations of the medical team and makeshis suggestions to the director of vocationalrehabilitation.The vocational rehabilitation counselorworks daily with the patient, learning hisvocational background and qualifications.Thus, when a patient is referred by the firsttwo teams to the vocational rehabilitationteam, the director can begin to make definiteplans for the patient's retraining for hisnew occupation.Because of this careful follow-up, patientscan continue to live useful lives withoutrecurrence of tuberculosis. This plan paysbig dividends-in human values as well asin tax values.On-the-spot group clinic studies wereconducted last December to which the teamat Seward Sanatorium contributed muchin the way of discussion service. Co-oper­ating in the group, in addition to the Sana­torium and the Office of Vocational Re­habilitation, were the Alaska Department ofHealth, the Alaska Tuberculosis Association,and the Alaska Department of Public Wel­fare. E. V. 1. BrownDr. Edward Vail Lapham Brown, emi­nent ophthalmologist, died in his home at529 Cedar Street, Winnetka, on March 1of carcinoma of the pancreas. Memorialservices were held at the Winnetka Con­gregational Church on March 4.Dr. Brown was born at Morrison, Illinois,August 15, 1876, the son of George H. andMargaret J. (Lapham) Brown. He wasgraduated from Hahnemann Medical Col­lege in 1897 and from Rush Medical Col­lege in 1898; and in 1902 received an S.B.from the University of Chicago. He spentsome time then in postgraduate study inBerlin and Vienna.His distinguished professional career cov­ered over fifty years. From 1903 to 1913 hewas instructor, pathologist, and surgeon atthe Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary. He wasalso instructor in pathology of the eyeat the University of Chicago from 1907 to1917. He was an eye surgeon at Cook Coun­ty Hospital from 1911 to 1918.Dr. Brown was professor and head ofthe Division of Ophthalmology at the Uni­versity of Illinois from 1918 to 1926, whenhe became professor and head of the De­partment of Ophthalmology at the Univer­sity of Chicago. Besides developing the firstophthalmology department at Billings Hos­pital, he also established an ophthalmologylibrary at the University of Chicago. In1941 Dr. Brown became professor emeritus.Dr. Brown was an attending ophthal­mologist at St. Luke's Hospital from 1926to 1941, and at Presbyterian Hospital from1941 until his death. He held an appoint­ment as Rush Professor of Ophthalmologyat the University of Illinois from 1942 to1946 and maintained offices at 122 SouthMichigan Avenue, Chicago, until his de­mise.In addition to being a beloved teacher,Dr. Brown was an inspiring and dedicatedleader. He was always active in good works.He early. ga ve special attention to the train­ing of Negro students in ophthalmologyand inspired several of them to becomeskilled practitioners in that specialty. Since1945 he had been a trustee of ProvidentHospital and was president of the ProvidentMedical Associates at the time of his death.[Continued on page 16]nois, and after graduating from Rush Med­ical College in 1890, practiced for twelveyears in Lewistown, Illinois. In 1902 hemoved to Spokane, where he lived andpracticed until about 1948 when he re­tired from his office, but continued to seeold patients at his home at 1321 S. Maple.Mrs. Hanson writes: "It seemed most diffi­cult for him actually to give up his much­loved profession. It was even more difficultfor his patients to give him up, for he wasmuch loved by all who knew him. He wasa typical family doctor.".�LPH HANSON, '90, DIESAt the age of eighty-six, after a shortIIness, Dr. Ralph Hanson died in Spokane,Vashington.Dr. Hanson was born in Bardolph, IIli-14 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINGRADUATE NEWS'31. Egbert Fell presented a colored filmon "Cardiac Arrest" before the ChicagoGynecological Society on March 20.William M. Tuttle, of Detroit, spoke on"Lung Surgery" at the Lancaster CountyMedical Society meeting in Lincoln, Ne­braska, on March 17.'34. In an early issue of the Journal oiSurgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, VidaB. Wentz, Harry Benaron (Resident, '34),Meyer Brown, Beatrice Tucker (Resi­dent, '32), and George Yakorzinski willpublish some results of their long-termstudy on the growth and development ofchildren after normal birth, precipitatebirth, and birth prolonged with instrumen­tation.'37. Richard V. Ebert will become pro­fessor of medicine at Northwestern Univer­sity with the position of chief of medicineat the Veterans Administration ResearchHospital scheduled to open November 1 asa teaching and research hospital for theMedical School.Ormand C. Julian, of the University ofIllinois faculty, was elected to membershipin the American Surgical Association at theApril meeting in Los Angeles. He presenteda paper on "Direct Surgery of Arterioscle­rosis-Resection of the Abdominal Aortawith Homologous Aortic Graft Replace­ment." In January Dr. Julian was electedpresident of the newly organized Cardio­vascular Surgeons' Club, which held itsfirst meeting in Chicago.Carl C. Pfeiffer, professor of pharma­cology at the University of Illinois, dis­cussed "Pharmacology of the INAH Com­pounds" at the 119th meeting of the Amer­ican Association for the Advancement ofScience in St. Louis, December 26-31. OnFebruary 27 he spoke on "The Need forAnimals in Medical Research" before theDouglas Park Branch of the Chicago Med­ical Society.'38. Carl B. Davis, Jr., Rush AssistantClinical Professor of Surgery at the Uni­versity of Illinois, was one of two speakerson a panel discussion of "Medical andSurgical Aspects of Mitral Stenosis" onMarch 24 at a meeting of the South Chi­cago branch of the Chicago Medical Soci­ety. At the same meeting he also presented"Recent Advances in the Diagnosis andTreatment of Congenital Heart Disease."David Pankratz, dean of the Universityof Mississippi Medical School, was a Chi­cago visitor in February.'39. Victor Johnson, director of theMayo Foundation, will preside at some ofthe sessions of the first World Conferenceon Medical Education, to be held in Lon­don, August 24-29. Dr. Johnson is one ofthe four vice-presidents of this conference.'40. Albert R. Ryan and his G.1. bridehave been in London since 1949, where hehas been specializing in anesthesia at thePostgraduate Medical School. In 1950 hewas awarded the Diploma in Anesthesiaby the Royal College of Surgeons by ex­amination. The Ryans spent last Christ­mas in Chicago with Dr. Ryan's parentsand enjoyed visiting with the Ed Wood­wards.'43. George C. Beattie has written to us from Korea (and subscribed to va life­membership as well). He is with A Medi­cal Company, 1st Medical Battalion, IstMarine Division, and he says applicationsfor service in his division are being wel­comed. He sends best wishes to any alumniwho might be coming his way and says:"Life at a medical company with the Ma­rines in Korea is simple, and has a simplepurpose: to salvage what we can of the bat­tered and torn marines who come back byambulance and 'copter from the front lines.Fortunately, we have the blood, the oper­ating tables, the equipment, and the trainedsurgeons to accomplish that mission well.What our corpsmen lack in previous oper­ating-room experience they make up forby eagerness to learn and aptitude for hardwork. I believe that right now there aremore well-trained men in the surgical spe­cialties here than ever before. At our com­pany, for example, the five surgeons totaltwenty-two years of surgical training. Itis all needed, for some of the problemsrequire for their solution all the acumenand technical skill a surgeon can muster."Robert G. Weiner spends half-time inthe private practice of internal medicineand half-time as assistant professor of med­icine at the University of Illinois. He stilllives near the University of Chicago. Heis married and has three children-Joseph,eight; Debbie, five; and Sally, three.'45. Marne Cataldo is instructor in med­icine at the University of Illinois, associateattending man at Cook County Hospital,and maintains a private practice in OakPark. He is also secretary-treasurer of themedical staff of Walther Memorial Hos­pital.Frederick Hilgert is now a resident insurgery at the University of Tennessee inMemphis.C. Frederick Kittle, a member of thefaculty of the University of Kansas Medi­cal School, discussed "Torsion Ballistocar­diography in Cardiovascular Surgical Pa­tients" on March 30 at the annual meetingof the American Association for ThoracicSurgery in San Francisco.Jerome Sryrt is instructor in psychiatryat the University of Maryland School ofMedicine. His wife Mary gets many re­quests to work as a psychologist in Balti­more hospitals as she did here, but she ishaving too much fun with young Barbara,now sixteen months old.. Louis B. Thomas is taking a year's resi­dency at Memorial Center, New York City,in pathology.'46. John David Arnold, research asso­ciate in medicine assigned by the Army atState ville, Illinois, will become assistant pro­fessor of medicine at The Clinics on July 1and will work with Dr. Alving.Paul E. Zuelke has been in the pri­vate practice of obstetrics and gynecologyin Portland, Oregon, for two years. He isalso clinical instructor of obstetrics andgynecology at the University of OregonMedical School. The Zuelkes' fourth childand second son was born January 14.Daniel K. Billmeyer is a resident in pedi­atrics at Oregon Medical School, and Dr. Zuelke delivered the Billmeyers' third chfirst son, on January 13.'47. Robert R. Martelle is still atNaval Hospital in San Diego in pediatras he has been since August, 1951. Hepeets to be sent to other parts of the woas soon as his two years are completed.says he enjoyed hearing Dr. Buchanancently at a lecture series given by the Souwestern Pediatric Society in Los Angeles'48. Lt. Winslow Fox is "sitting noof the 38th parallel in Korea, in a battaliaid station." He was called to active dilast July. He spent five months at an Anhospital in San Juan and then was sentKorea. Between assignments he Was a'to deposit his wife Elizabeth and their rdaughters in Ann Arbor.The Gilpins, Clifford and Doris, :now living in Pekin, Illinois. After th:years in the Navy, C. R. is now a civiliand a company physician for CaterpilTractor Company. Doris completed }internship in the spring at Indiana Viversity Medical Center. She is not nrin practice. They have two daughters, agthree and one-half and two.Jarvis Seegmiller carne to visit us durithe Federation meetings. For the past yehe has been at Thorndike Memorial Labratory in Boston, teaching and doing 1search on liver disease and hepatic conHe is now at DeWitt Stetton working,metabolism tracers under the Public HealResearch Institutes of New York. In tfall he expects to go to the National Ins!tutes of Health in Bethesda to work in tdivision of arthritis and metabolic diseas'49. Evelyn Adams, her husband, }Othman, and their six-month-old soOmar, plan to leave in late August fLebanon. Dr. Adams hopes to work at tlAmerican University Medical SchoolBeirut, teaching and research. Mr. Otlman has a joint appointment with tlAmerican University of Beirut and tlFord Foundation for teaching and researron Arab governments.'SO. The Henry Gelfands are very happwith their third son, born on January 1in Harbel, Liberia. Henry reports a velpleasant visit with Norman McCullougl'44, ot the National Institutes of Healtlwho stopped in last October to see whsLiberia had to offer in the way of teachinmaterial in tropical medicine.'51. Robert D. Towne and his wil(B.A., '51) are now living in San MaterCalifornia. Bob has a psychiatric residencat the Veterans Administration Hospitsin Palo Alto and is enjoying it very mud'52. Gene Lawrence and LawrencMaillis came to see us in March and gaygood reports of themselves. Lawrence hasresidency in internal medicine at CharitHospital in New Orleans for next year, anMaillis will be in internal medicine at thV.A. Hospital in Los Angeles.Joseph Morris has a residency in surgery at the Jewish Hospital in Cincinnatand his wife Gwendolyn, a resident aThe Clinics, has an appointment from thAmerican Heart Association to work 01clinical research with Dr. Johnson McGuirat the University of Cincinnati.MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETIN 15FACULTY NEWSWilliam E. Adams and John F. Per­ins, Jr., participated in the medicornili­try symposium of the combined armednvices held at the Naval Hospital, Greatakes, Illinois, May 6-8.Dr. Adams spoke on "Surgical Lesionsf the Esophagus" at the sectional meetingf the American College of Surgeons inos Angeles on March 31. As a member ofie American Board of Thoracic Surgery,e participated in the qualifying exam ina­ons given in San Francisco on March5-26, and he took part in the annual meet­ig of the American Association for Tho­acic Surgery held in the same city. Hepoke on "The Significance of Pulmonary!ypertension as a Cause of Death Fol­iwing Pulmonary Resection."J. Garrott Allen spoke on "Homologouserum Jaundice and Pooled Plasma-At­muating Effect of Room Temperaturetorage on Its Virus Agent" before the.merican Surgical Association meeting in.os Angeles April 2.Percival Bailey has been elected anonorary member of the German Societyf Neurology.The scientific program of the Illinoishapter of the American College of Chest'hysicians was given by the University of'hicago on February 20. William Barclaypoke on "Studies with Carbon 14--labeledsoniazid'"; Donald Cassels discussed "Pul­ionary Studies in Scoliosis"; Robert H.bert reported on "Mediastinal Lesions";nd John F. Perkins, Jr., discussed "Trans­ulmonary Oxygen Dissociation Curve as a'est of Pulmonary Function."The Chicago Gynecological Society wasddressed on February 20 by Harry B. W.enaron on "The Remote Effects of Pro­mged Labor with Forceps Delivery, Pre­ipitate Labor with Spontaneous Delivery,nd Natural Labor with Spontaneous De­very on the Child" and by Beatrice E.'ucker on "The Immediate Effects of Pro­mged Labor with Forceps Delivery, Pre­pitate Labor with Spontaneous Delivery,nd Natural Labor with Spontaneous De­very on the Child." William J. Dieck­rann opened the discussion.Emmet Bay spoke on "Current Drug'reatrnent of Congestive Heart Failure"or the St. Louis Medical Society and thet. Louis Heart Association on May 5.Delbert Bergenstal, '47, spoke on "Med­:al Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis"n February 19 at the meeting of theackson Park Branch of the Chicago Med­:al Society. Sam Banks, '35, was a mem­er of the panel that discussed this sub­xt, On March 25 Dr. Bergenstal gave aCase Presentation: Perforated Ulcer andfeutropenia Associated with Butazolidin'herapy" at a meeting of the Chicago.heumatism Society.]. R. Blayney, director of the Walter G.oller Memorial Dental Clinic, gave "Arogress Report on Evanston Dental Cariestudies" before the April 13 meeting of theorth Suburban Branch of the Chicago!edical Society. Winston H. Tucker, '33,ommissioner of Health, Evanston, dis­issed Dr. Blayney's report. Matthew Block, '43, spoke on "PresentStatus of Liver and Spleen Biopsy in Clin­ical Medicine" on April 13 before the Chi­cago Pathological Society.Austin Brues, Jane Overton, FriedrichWasserman, and Paul Weiss participatedin a symposium on cell division and mor­phogenesis at the University of Texas,Austin, held under the auspices of theNational Research Council in March.Anton J. Carlson was re-elected presi­dent of the National Society for MedicalResearch at their annual meeting.J. W. J. Carpender and George V.LeRoy, '34, spoke before the ChicagoGynecological Society in May on the treat­ment of cancer of the cervix. Dr. Car­pender talked on the use of radium andX-ray and Dr. LeRoy on isotopes.At the annual meeting of the AmericanRailway Surgeons in Chicago, April 7-9,Dwight Clark spoke on "Therapeutic Usesof Radioactive Isotopes" ; Egbert Fell,'31, on "Recent Advances in Cardiac Sur­gery and the Problem of Cardiac Arrest";Ormand C. Julian, '37, on "Treatmentof Peripheral Arteriosclerosis"; and Walter1. Palmer on "Antisecretory Drugs in theTreatment of Peptic Ulcer."Dwight Clark spoke on "The Use ofRadioiodine in Thyroid Disease" on May12 in the Chicago Medical School LectureSeries. Thomas 1. Dao, instructor in theBen May Cancer Research Laboratory,discussed "Adrenal Glands and Cancer ofthe Breast" in the same series on May 19.Lester Dragstedt gave the Clagett Lec­ture at the University of Colorado Schoolof Medicine in Denver on May 13.Robert H. Ebert, '42, was elected tomembership in the Association of AmericanPhysicians.On March 11 at a conference on thework of the United Nations as it pertainsto the social service field, Henrietta Her­bolsheimer, '38, led a round-table dis­cussion on "The Challenge of World HealthOrganization."Charles Huggins gave the annual MeyerBodansky Lecture at the University ofTexas Medical Branch on March 6 on "TheAdrenal and Cancer." In May he gave thetwentieth E. Starr Judd Lecture in sur­gery at the University of Minnesota on"The Endocrinology of Mammary Cancer."And on May 15 he gave the fourth BertnerFoundation Lecture on "The Control ofHuman Cancer by Hormonal Methods" atthe University of Texas Medical Center.Dr. Huggins was honored by the receipt ofthe Bertner Medallion, awarded annuallyfor research in cancer.Arthur B. Hunt, of 'the Mayo Clinic,has been elected vice-president of the Cen­tral Association of Obstetricians and Gyne­cologists.Leon Jacobson gave the Janeway Me­morial Lecture of the American RadiumSociety in St. Louis on April 20. He spokeon "Factors Concerned in Recovery fromRadiation Injury."F. E. Kelsey, professor of pharmacologyat the University of South Dakota, gavea lecture on "Medical Applications of Ra- dioacti ve Isotopes" at the Sioux ValleyMedical Association, on February 24--26.M. Edward Davis discussed "Managementof the Placental Stage and Post-partumHemorrhage" at the same meeting.At the April meeting of the AmericanCancer Society, E. P. Kennedy of the BenMay Laboratory spoke on "Phospho-pro­tein of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor," and H. G.Williams-Ashman discussed "Oxidation ofHexose Phosphates by the Ehrlich AscitesTumor."Joseph B. Kirsner spoke on "MedicalManagement of Peptic Ulcer" in Cincin­nati at a meeting of the Ohio State Medi­cal Association on April 23.The March 2 program of the ChicagoLaryngological and Otological Society waspresented by three members of our faculty.Heinrich G. Kobrak discussed "Clinicaland Laboratory Observations on Conduc­tion Deafness"; Henry B. Pearlman spokeon "Electrolyte Studies in Meniere's Dis­ease"; and Harold F. Schuknecht readhis candidate's thesis on "Frequency Local­ization in the Cochlea as Determined inExperimentally Deafened Cats."Dr. Kobrak received a plaque from theSwedish Medal Society for bis contribu­tions in otological film work.William Lester, Jr., '41, participated inthe annual conference of the Illinois Pub­lic Health Association held in ChicagoApril 9-10. Dr. Lester and Clayton Loosli,'37, attended a meeting of the Commissionon Acute Respiratory Diseases of theArmed Forces Epidemiology Board held atCamp Bainbridge, Maryland, in May.Dr. Loosli presented a paper on "Patho­genesis and Pathology of Pulmonary In­fections Following the Intraperitoneal In­oculation of Influenza Virus A in Mice"at the April 7 meeting of the AmericanSociety for Experimental Pathology. OnMay 5 in Atlantic City, he spoke on "Air­borne Influenza Virus A Infections in Im­munized Animals."C. Phillip Miller has become a mem­ber of the Editorial Board of the Pro­ceedings oj the Society oj ExperimentalBiology and Medicine. Dr. Miller tookpart in the meeting of the StreptococcalCommission of the Armed Forces Epidemi­ology Board, April 30-May 2.Dorothy Price addressed the Swiss So­ciety of Endocrinologists on May 30, andwill visit laboratories at Strassburg, Leiden,and Copenhagen before returning home.Stephen Rothman has been made acorresponding member of Societas Derma­tologica Austriaca.Peter J. Talso, now a member of thefaculty of Stritch School of Medicine,participated in a panel discussion on coro­nary heart disease before the staff of St.Mary of Nazareth Hospital, Chicago, onApril 16.. .Paul Weiss was chairman of the Con­ference on the Effects of Radiation andOther Deleterious Agents on EmbryonicDevelopment, sponsored by the AtomicEnergy Commission at Oak Ridge. He alsopresided at the Biological Symposium ofthe National Academy of Sciences in Wash­ington, D.C., in April.16 MEDICAL ALUMNI BULLETINPremedic-[Continued from page 2]held for a maximum of ten Collegecomprehensives. (b) Of the courseswhich prepare the students for these tencomprehensives, three have been ad­justed to serve the pre-professionalneeds of biology students: a collegephysics course with laboratory workmay be substituted for the more gen­eralized physical science course that istaken by other College students; first­year biology has been recast so that itwill provide a more serviceable prepara­tion for second-year biology; and thealternative form of second-year biologythat will be available to biology majorsis the Divisional Biology Sequence thatis administered by the faculty of theDivision of Biological Sciences.The College Administration has indi­cated that adjustments (a) and (b),available for future B.S. candidates,should be made available for premedi­cal students also. By taking advantageof these adjustments, high-school grad­uates can satisfy admission require­ments for medical school in threeyears. * In those three years they willcover the essentials of the B.S. programexcept for the major sequence in aspecific department. They will be ableto include all the pre-professional workin physics, chemistry, and biology thatis required by most medical schools.And they will have a type of compre­hensive course work in the nonscienceareas of general education that is aproduct of over twenty years of -cxperi­ence on the part of the College Faculty.., Three calendar years will be sufficientfor all high-school graduates except forthose who voluntarily spread their coursework over four years. Some of the three­year students may make use of one of thesummer quarters. Students entering the Col­lege after two years of high-school workcan quite comfortably qualify for medicalschool in five years and can even work in afew electives without the necessity of anysummer work.BULLETINof the Alumni AssociationThe University of ChicagoSCHOOL OF MEDICINESPRING 1953 NO.3VOL. 9""ILLIAU LESTER, JR., EditorHUBERTA LIVINGSTONE, Associate EditorMembers of the Editorial Boord:CLAYTON G. LOOSLrROBERT H. EBERTJESSIE ilURNS MACLEAN, SecretaryPrice of yearly subscription $2.00 CORRIDOR COMMENTAt our reunion banquet and annualmeeting on June 11 we will welcome.our youngest alumni-the graduatingclass of 1953. And, in honor of theirfiftieth anniversary, the class of 1903 ofRush will also be our guests.Judging from the number of advancereservations, many of you will be hereto help us entertain them.RESIDENT NEWSGloria T. Aragon, who was resident inLying-in in the late forties, is now assist­ant professor in obstetrics at the Univer­sity of the Philippines in Manila. .Raymond J. Barrett is now associatedwith William M. Tuttle, '31, in the prac­tice of chest surgery. He passed Part IIof the American Board of Surgery in Octo­ber, 1952.George Bogardus is thoracic surgeonat the Veterans Hospital in Seattle. Healso holds an appointment at the Univer­sity of Washington.Hallie Hartgraves, who was a memberof the resident staff in ophthalmology in1929-30, is now a Sister in an order in theEpiscopal church. She says she does appre­ciate reading our publication, and we aredelighted to send it to her.Arthur B. Hunt, of Mayo's, has beenelected president of the Minnesota Ob­stetrical and Gynecological Society.Norman Jesberg, now instructor insurgery at the University of SouthernCalifornia, spoke on "Rehabilitation ofLaryngectomized Patients" on March 31at the sectional meeting of the' AmericanCollege of Surgeons in Los Angeles.Sranley J. Motyka opened an office forpractice of radiology in New Britain, Conn.In addition, an arrangement is nowbeing considered whereby some of thethree-year premedics may receive theB.S. after completion of the Freshmanyear in medical school.Many medical schools have been andstill are encouraging their applicants toprepare themselves by four years of pre­medical education in college. This is anexceedingly sound recommendation,since the premedical students who doonly three years of work at most col­leges fail to include any very substan­tial general education in the nonscienceareas. Under the new arrangement atthe University of Chicago, however,highly satisfactory training in the non­science areas will be provided to thethree-year student. In this connection itshould be noted that recent general edu­cation tests administered on a nationalscale have made possible a comparisonof Chicago B.A.'s (usually three-yearstudents) and the B.A.'s of other in­stitutions (usually four-year students).In all the component areas of these gen­eral education tests the average per­formance of the Chicago students felleither in the top 10 per cent or thesecond 10 per cent of the nationalscale for senior "majors" in those areas. SECOND FLOORNORTHJames R. Blayney says, "We've· got,United Nations up there in Zoller now.And indeed they have.Reza Mehran from Teheran, Iranand Lieuwe T. Hoeksma of The Netherlands are interns in dentistry-assisting in the medical and surgical care 0patients and receiving instruction in threlation of the basic sciences to oraconditions as well as in the clinical procedures and laboratory techniques use,in complete diagnosis and treatment.Virginia Carbonell from' the Philippines, Colin Durning from New Zealand, Shu Yung Wang from China, an,Anand Chaudry from India are fellowsIn addition to participating in the clinical dental program, they are engage,in fundamental research in one of thbiological sciences, in some cases towana higher degree.Several of them will go home wit!American wives. They all plan to returnmost of them to teach in dental school.in their own countries.Dr. Brown-[Continued from page I3JDr. Brown had great interest in botlphilanthropy and education. He was chairman of the Chicago Committee on HumaiRelations; a director of the Illinois Societ­for the Prevention of Blindness (secretary1912-20); trustee of the Hadley Correspondence School for the Blind (presidensince 1922); and past president of thAmerican Ophthalmological Society. I]1942 the Alumni Association of the University of Chicago awarded him its honorary citation for public service. He wathe recipient of national honors for hiwork in ophthalmology and aid to the blindincluding, among others, the Howe Medaof the American Ophthalmological Societ.and the Leslie Dana Medal for the prevention of blindness, which was presented it1951.He was an honorary member of the Hungar ian Ophthalmological Society and of th,Institute of Medicine of Chicago.'On August 12, 1912, Dr. Brown marrierFrieda Kirchoff. He is survived by hi.widow; three sons, Edward K., Donald AK., and Dr. David V. L. Brown; a daughter, Mrs. Nancy B. Jones; and thirteergrandchildren. One son, Bradford B., is de.ceased.POSTGRADUATECOURSE IN MEDICINEIn late October the staff of the De­partment of Medicine will conduct apostgraduate course in internal medi­cine under the auspices of the AmericanCollege of Physicians. Applications maybe made directly to the American Col­lege of Physicians, and provisions arebeing made to accommodate about onehundred participants.