UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WEEKLY.Single Copies10 Cents. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, OCTOBER .31, H�95. VOL. IV, NO.5.J\ lJ\KE SONG.JAMES WEBER LINN.A song of the lake, when the billows break,When the white gulls flash and wheel,When the long waves roar on the cnrving shoreTill the sturdy sea-walls reel.When the foam leaps high to the dark-gray skyThat shadows the bawling sea,When out and far the winds are at warAnd my love she frowns on me ! A song of the lake, when its ripples takeA deeper, darker hue,When the sunny sheen of the shallow greenFades into the distant blne ;When the white gulls rest on the waves white crest,And bright is the sky and sea,When the wind slips by with a lullabv-And my love she smiles on me ! -THE MI\RINE BIOlOGICl\l ll\BORI\ TORY 1\ T WOOD'S HOlL.EVERETT MC CASKILL.It was on a beautiful June day and from the deckof a Nantucket steamer that we caught our firstglimpse of the picturesque little village of Wood'sHoll. First came into view the lighthouse and theold tower on Nobsca Point, then the dark green of thesloping hills beyond the village, and only a few minutes later as we steamed through the "hole" leavingPenzance to our left, we saw before us in charmingirregularity the boats and wharves and houses whichgo to make up this delightful place.Wood's Holl is situated in Southern Massachusetts,at the lower extremity of Cape Cod, and is a stoppingpoint for the Nantucket line of steamers, and is alsothe southern terminus of the Old Colony railroad.To the south and east is Vineyard Sound with itssmooth surface constantly flecked with the small sailsof cat-boats and pleasure yachts, and with the heaviercanvas of the coasting vessels. West and northwestlies Buzzard's Bay. Just across the Sound the claybanks and green hills of Martha's Vineyard form acharming background, while to the left and far in thedistance is Nantucket. Immediately to the right andextending to the southwest is the chain of ElizabethIslands. These beautiful islands retain their Indiannames and the first thing one is expected to do onarriving is to commit to memory the following uniquelines which embody the names of the eight islandscomprising the group:"Naushon, Nashuena,Nonamesset, Uncatina,Wepecket, Pascanese,Cuttyhunk, aud Penakese."Wood's Holl is a typical fishing village, and therusty harpoons and long green boats point back to a time when the whaling industry was more profitablethan it is now. In the vacant lots and on the fencesnets are spread out in the sun to dry, while at thedocks and wharves at all times of the day one can seeboats unloading their cargoes of mackerel, flounders,sea-bass, and occasionally an immense sword-fish. Awhole article might be written on the quaintness andbeauty of this delightful place-Little Harbor with itsnumerous small warves and fishing boats; Penzancewith its rocks and whirling waters; Butler's Pointwith its jutting headland and its" lover's lane" Limulus Beach, Hadley Harbor, the Old Tower-all thesenames with a score of others we might mention aresynonyms of quaintness and rugged beauty. But asthis is not the purpose of this article, we proceed to a.description of one of the most noted summer schoolson the continent-The Marine Biological Laboratoryof Wood's Holl.In the year 1880 the Woman's Education Association of Boston, with the co-operation of the BostonSociety of Natural History, established a H seaside"laboratory at Annisquam on the north coast of 'CapeAnn. This was a popular as well as a profitable enterprise, and the laboratory existed as such from 1880to 1886. In 1887 it was decided to change the location to Wood's Holl, and in 1888 the laboratory wasincorporated as The Marine Biological Laboratory.Dr. C. O. Whitman, then of Clark University, now ofour own University, was chosen director of the newenterprise, and it is to his untiring energy and inspiring enthusiasm that the school owes much of its remarkable growth of the past eight years.No better place on the coast could have been chosenfor a great marine summer school. The harbors andsatisfy the most critical that this school has been farmore than a convenient excuse for a summer outing.In the arrangement of its courses the school has inmind two classes of students-First, those who havealready made a study of animal and plant life, butwho have not advanced far enough to begin researchwork; and, Second, those who are interested in special problems and desire the advantages of a marinelaboratory, together with the helpful stimulus whichcomes from association with men engaged in similarlines. For the first class, courses covering two yearsare offered. Students unfamiliar with marine life orjust beginning the study of zoology elect the" downstairs" courses-s-vertebrate and invertebrate zoology.This work has been very popular, and the advantageof having fresh specimens to study, in connectionwith an. opportunity of obs�r�ing. some of the lifehabits of the types studied has made both of thesecourses extremely interesting and practical. Forthose farther advanced a course in vertebrate embryology is offered, and during the past summer thisclass has been crowded. Here developmental phenomena are studied under the guidance of some of thefinest embryologists in the country. Beginning withthe unfertilized egg the process of development isclosely studied step by step from the earliest cleavagestages up to the fully formed animal. In both laboratories a large corps of instructors and demonstratorsare always at hand to suggest points to be studied,methods to be used, or to render assistance whenneeded. Aside from the morphological and embryo-582 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WEEKLY.rocks of the mainland, together with the channelsand mud beaches of the adjacent islands furnish a diversity of marine life unequaled anywhere else on thecontinent. The peculiar fitness of this region forbiological study is shown by the fact that near hereTHE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY.Agassiz established his famous summer school in1872. The laboratory was on Penakese, one of theislands above mentioned, and is said to be the firstsummer school established in America. Until withina year or two ago the old walls of the laboratorybuilding remained standing as lonely reminders of thegreat scientist and his work. When this school wasabandoned the mottoes were removed to Wood's Holl,and now adorn the laboratory walls there. Two ofthe mottoes are especially interesting and I quotethem:"Study to translate what actually exists. Be courageousenough to say, 'I do not know." "" A laboratory is to me a sanctuary. I would have nothingdone in it un worthy of its great Author."L. AGASSIZ.From the very outset the success of the Marine Biological Laboratory has been evident. Starting in 1888with seventeen students it has steadily grown untilthe past summer it enrolled over one hundred andninety students, representing nearly every state in theUnion and seventy of the leading colleges East andWest. For a long time there has been felt the needof some place where research students from the different colleges might meet and discuss the various questions in biological science, and where they could havefacilities both artificial and natural for the furtherinvestigation of their individual problems. TheMarine Biological Laboratory at Wood's Holl has satisfied that want and is doing to-day a work which isof incalculable importance in the field of science. Aglance at the long list of published articles growingout of the results of investigations at Wood's Holl will THE OLD TOWER.logical knowledge which one gains, the student isable to acquire a great amount of skill in the use ofthe latest and most approved methods of technique. Inaddition to the class-room work, excursions are takentwice a week to the different collecting grounds, andthe students here are able, not only to collect freshUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WEEKLY.material, but to observe the habits and haunts of themarine fauna.Upstairs in private rooms or at special tables arethe research students. Each has his own specialproblem, and from early morning until past midnight,in many cases, these investigators sit with eye tomicroscope or with dissecting knife in hand trying todiscover something new in the realm of science. Hereis onc intent on finding out the truth in regard toheredity. Across the way another seeks the significance of metamerism. While the third spends hishours in tracing out cell lineage. Here it is thelateral line organs; there it is the centrosome; andover yonder it is the nerve endings. Downstairsamid the aquaria and physiological instruments onehears snatches of sentences about heliotropism, geotropism and orientation. In the Botany building thesame activity and the same intense interest in discovering the unknown. Quoting from a leadingBiologist who visits Wood's Holl every summer: "Thevery air is scientific; and one can store up enoughenthusiasm and zeal in six weeks there to carry himthrough the remaining weeks of the year."One of the niost interesting and instructive departments of the whole laboratory is the Seminar whichmeets weekly and is under the personal direction ofDr. Whitman. Here such men as Conklin, of Northwestern; Watase and Loeb, of the University ofChicago; Wilson, of Columbia, and Minot, of Harvard,discuss the great questions of heredity, developmentand other equally vital probleuis of the day. Thesescientific discussions supplemented by such popularevening lectures as were delivered by U. S. SurgeonGeneral Sternberg, of Washington, and ProfessorDolbear, of Tufts College, the past summer, are inthemselves sufficient evidenc-e of the wisdom of thosewho founded the school, a nd furnish an opportunityof learning the latest scientific developments, unsurpassed in any other school in the land. And thebringing together of the best talent of all the schoolsis not without its effect on the students who spendtheir summer at the Marine Biological Laboratory.The investigators have no assigned hours for work.The fascination of traveling along the borderland ofthe unknown in science, and the enthusiasm which asingle glimpse into that unknown gives, are sufficientin themselves to counteract the temptations to recreation which such a charming summer resort offers.Laboratory hours for the classes are from 9 : 00 until12 : 00 o'clock in the morning and from 2 : 00 to 5 : 00in the afternoon: yet many of the students become sointerested in their work that they actually double therequired number of hours, and at almost all hours ofthe night the reflected lights from the Eel Pond bearwitness to the industry and interest of these searchersafter truth. But it is not all a grind. The work is arranged in such an admirable manner that outdoorexercise supplements indoor study so delightfully thatthe summer's work seems anything but a task. Fishmust be caught, marine worms dug, the mussel bedsand rocks searched for star-fish, the piles scraped forhydroids and sponges, and the bottom of the Baydredged for deep-sea forms. In all of this work thestudent has a hand.The dog fish, skate, and other vertebrate formswhich are used in the Laboratory are taken from thefish ponds in Buzzard's Bay. These nets are set nearthe shore and during the night large numbers of fishfind their way into them, and, owing to a peculiarityin the construction of the traps, are unable to get outLITTLE HARBOR.again. Every morning the fishermen lift these netsand are rewarded with large quantities of scup, seabass, squitigue, and blue-fish, with usually a largeassortment of unmarketable fish. A trip out to theseponds on the Laboratory launch is indeed a rare experience. The bracing atmosphere of the early morning, the thick fog which shuts from view everythingsave the rushing waters at our side, and the intensestillness broken only by the pumping of the Sagitta'sengine or the deep coarse whistle of an ocean steamerout in the Sound-all these, added to the pitching and �rolling of our little boat as she steams through thewhirling waters of the" hole," put one in the exactstate of mind for the fullest enjoyment of what is tofollow. Out into the Bay we go guided only by the583Versicles.584 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WEEKLY.compass. A mile or so and then in the mist ahead wehear voices, but nothing is in sight, A moment moreand we are at the ponds and just in time for the sport.We anchor our launch to one of the piles and allmove to the bow where we can better watch the proceedings. Three men in boats are lifting the net andas it approaches the surface the water is thrown intofoam by the imprisoned fish. With long nets the fish. are scooped out into the boats, while the skate anddog-fish are transferred to the Laboratory car by ourcaptain. This morning after an exciting struggle wesecure an eight-foot leopard shark and tow him behind the vessel as we visit the other ponds. On theway back we lift the lobster pots and obtain quite acollection of lobsters, whelks, and spider-crabs.Twice each week the students of Zoology makeexcursions to the neighboring harbors and islands forthe purpose of collecting material. The Sagitta, having in tow a small schooner, carries the excursionparty, and the trip to North Falmouth, Penakese orKettle Cove, is enlivened by songs· and college yells.On arriving at the collecting ground dinner is served,and then the crowd is divided up into squads for thepurpose of collecting. Each group is under an instructor. Here is one party with spades and shovelsdigging up the sand for nereis and sand anemones;out in the water some are wading. around in the eelgrass for' brittle stars; another group is collectinghermit crabs and small limuli; while still anothergroup strolls over the hills with baskets collectingbotanical specimens. Thus the work of collecting isnot only made enjoyable, but it gives the student anidea of marine life which the text-book or the laboratory never could give. These excursions are one ofthe features of the institution, and the many smallharbors both on the Bay and the Sound affordmaterial for a whole summer's study.If I had time and space I should like to tell you ofHadley Harbor with its sand flats abounding in marineworms, with its rocks and stone walls covered withbarnacles and sea anemones; with its muddy shorespopulated with toad-fish and sea cucumbers. Butthis must be left untold together with a description ofthe skimming parties at night, of the glorious clambakes, of the bathing, the rowing, the sailing, of theball games between the" bug-hunters" and the townteam, of the moonlight concerts on the Vigilant, andof the score of other charms which added to the unexcelled opportunities here offered for scientific studymake the Marine Biological Laboratory of Wood'sHoll a truly ideal summer school.l" Photographs by BRODE.The University of Chicago WEEKLY came out last week inenlarged form and makes a fine appearance. The WEEKLYhas taken a decided step in advance, both in regard to appearance and contents.-The Illini. Halloween.I.This is the night October dies,When snow-trailed clouds do flit the skies;And wintry blasts from poles are sentTo circle earth in merriment;The air is charged with rigor and coldTo hearten men and make them bold,For October diesWith gray-stained skiesAnd miserly Winter regains his hold.II.This is the night the old crones comeWith harpies and sprites from their musty homeA yell and cry, a whiz and a shriek,A clattering bone, or maniac's freak,A noisy charge from. the spirit bandWill stir the owls from their sleepy stand,When October diesWith gray-stained skiesAnd crusty old Winter reconquers the land.III.This is the night Old Nick returns,From dusty tombs and unknown bouruesTo haunt among men- and pale them with fright,To summons up demons, entice them to fight;To bolden shy maidens to search for their mateAnd read in the symbols their destined fate,When October diesAnd gray-stained skiesMakes brusky old Winter the Master in state ..J. L.A Song at Death.I.When I am gone away frC:m theeTo seek out God's great mystery;Pray do not weep and droop thy headBecause this heart is cold and dead;Nay, neither cease to still thy smile,So full of love the long life-while;But laugh, my love, and lift thy headAnd crown with life this pu1se1ess dead!II.When I am gone away from thee,My love, my own-so sweet to me!The stars at night will be thy friend,The flowers at morn, thee will attend;The sea, the sky, all nature's power,Will solace thee from hour to hour;So laugh, my love, aud raise thy head,Life will be love when I am dead!III.When I am gone away from theeTo seek out life's eternity,Nay, do not ever think to weep;Or tearful, sink to troubled sleep;Dream dreams of love and sweet delight,My love will guard thee day and night;Then laugh, my love, and toss thy head,Love will be life when I am dead!CHARLES SUMNER PIKE.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WEEKLY.In Football Time.Senior canes aglow,Maroon on every scholar,Pretty maids in crowds to showHow to cheer and holler;Ribbons here and ribbons there,Hear the hum of voicesTossing lightly on the airHow all earth rejoices!Once again the lusty cheerThe atmosphere is ringing;Once again the jolly jeerThe college-men are singing;Once again the pretty girlsWear bright bits of color,Whilst their tangled golden curlsMake the sunshine duller.N ow the summer season doneEnd the love-sick sadness,Join its merry football funWith its roar and gladness;Gone are summer's blossoms rare,Now the odd fall flower comes,Note their grace of rumpled hairStaggs' football chrysanthemums.'c. S. P.A Football Tragedy.She clung to him, the game was o'er,Content was in her soul;" Dear heart, I'm very happy, nowThat you have come back whole."With gentle hand he smoothed her curlsAnd tried to keep a laugh back;" My dear, your joy is premature,For I am only half-back."F. S.After While.(A Vacation Memory.)A water lily on her breast,White against the pink.But of picturing the restI can't think.For the petals, wet with dew,Symbolized her heartFresh and pure and good and true,Free from art.Did this lily, she gave meWith a pretty smile,Mean a greater gift? We'll see,After while.MARS.Song to October.Now, farewell, 0 brown October!Bowing out so grave and sober.Rich in harvests mellowing ripe,Decking leaves with golden stripe.Thou didst bring us Summer's treasure,Baskets heaped with gospel measure;Swing about thy Circle bright,Crisp October, take thy flight!H. M. S. A Choice.Sitting in evening shadows,While the wandering smoke-wreath veersAs I think of the love I have loved in vainMy eyes are dim with tears. '�I had to choose between tbem,"Sbe or the pipe," she said;I loved her true and I loved her well,But I chose my pipe instead.For the pipe than love is sweeter,Than the fire of love more brigbt,While the vanished love and tbe vanisbed smokeAre equally out of sight.Sadly I sorrowed to leave her,Sadly for her I weep,But love was dear, oh, very dear.And the good old pipe is cbeap.Ballad of the Book.A Classical Fragment.[Brought to ligbt by the long and patient research of a Latinstudent, who dedicates 'it respectfully to Mr. Abbott's class inCicero's Letters.']It was evening in the city; far and wide the fog hung low;Down the gray receding vistas ghostly lamps began to glow,Flaring weirdly, flickering faintly in the darkness to and fro.It was evening in the college; deeper yet the shadows fe11 ;Through the farthest glooming corridor rang out the warningbell,Anel the students in the seminars sighed softly, "It is well! "* -:{-(Here follows a break in the poem; evidently one or twostanzas are lost.)Deep within a dusky chamber, where tbey guard the tomeswith care,Roamed a restless, haggard figure, like a vision of despair,For the latest bour was precious, and the students lingeredthere.One by one they all' departed, with reluctant look and sigh,And the restless 'wandering figure to the table then dre�' nigb." Is it possible!" she murmured, with a low exultant cry," After many days of waiting-weary days of flunk and fear!With the many minds that need thee, and the single copy bere,Do I find thee? do I see thee? is it thou that liest near?* * *But a grating noise rang harshly through the still and lonelyroom,And the student shrank and started, as before a shape of doom.Lo, within the dusky doorway stood a man, with mop andbroom!(The remaining lines of the ballad are unfortunately veryfragmentary, only 'a few words remaining. These the editorarranges as follows :)" mercy! mercy! let me stay"scrubbing awayI lock up atM. EARI.E.585let the Minnesota game be an inspiration. For nextSaturday we meet in the annual game with Wisconsin. Last yea� Chicago spent the month of Octoberin " getting ready to begin" to play football. Wisconsin was strong throughout the season and scoopedeverything in the game here. This year there is amanifest difference in prospects. We ha ve begunearly and kept" hard at it." Wisconsin has, to saythe least, not done as well this year as last, for thesame period. But we make no predictions, for wewant no surprises. It appears that every outsideteam puts up its strongest possible eleven, for obviousreasons when coming to Chicago. Our strongestpossible eleven should be put up to meet this.586 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO .WEEKL Y.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WEEKLYPUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTEREST OF THE STUDENTS OF THE""UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO.EDITORIAL BOARD.FREDERICK DAY NICHOLS,WILLIAM PIERCE LOVETT, MANAGING EDITORASSISTANT EDITORASSOCIATE EDITORS:G. W. AXELSON, C. S. PIKE, J. W. LINN,ELIZABETH MCWILLIAMS, H. T. CLARKE,AGNES S. COOK, W. W. ATWOOD, MARTHA F. KLOCK,J. S. BROWN, W. A. PA'YNE,ABRAHAM BOWERS, H. D. HUBBARD.CHARLES H. GALLION, BUSINESS MANAGERWILBER M. KELSO, ASSISTANT MANAGERSUBSCRIPTION RATE:One Quarter,One Year (Four Quarters),Office in Cobb Hall. Hours, 8:30 to 5:30. $ 752 50Address Communications to UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WEEKLY, 58th Street andEllis Avenue. Chicago.Entered as Second-Class Matter at the Postoffice, Chicago. Ill.ANNOUNCEMENT. The WEEKLY takes pleasure 111announcing the addition of MissEdith Schwarz, of Foster Hall, to the editorial staff.Miss Schwarz is to take the place of Miss Agnes S.Cook, who will not return to the University untilJanuary.BETTER Both people and press agree that the gameFOOTBALL. of last Saturday was one of the best exhibitions of football ever seen in Chicago. Accordingto the score Minnesota won. Yet it was no " walkover." The work of both teams was characteristic oftrue football, and it were honorable either to lose orwin. A very slight change in generalship or umpiring might have reversed the score. Our lucklessexperience with Northwestern apparently acted as astrong tonic to the team and to every 'Varsity man.The cheering from the grandstand was the most loyaland enthusiastic ever heard on University field. Everyrooter was at hand with a fog-horn voice and a vigorous pair of lungs behind it. Altogether it was such agame as develops both a spirit of unity in the 'Varsityand a feeling of respect and sincerity toward our opponents. If the Northwestern game acted as a tonic Ir-LEADING The WEEKLY prints this week for its leadARTICLE. ing article a description of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Wood's Holl, Mass. As familiaras are the students with the name Wood's HoU, veryfew know anything about this place, nor its relationswith the University of Chicago. This last summerthere were in attendance at Wood's HoU, nineteenstudents and three professors from the University.Of the nineteen students, fifteen were Ph.D. students.The next issue of the WEEKLY is to be a UniversitySettlement number, which will present the needs andadvantages of this important work. r"LIFE AT THE One of the Chicago papers contained anUNIVERSITY." article last Sunday regarding undergraduate life at the University of Chicago, that ought tobring down upon the writer the indignation of all. Under the scare head, "Leave hope behind," the article inquestion deplores "the lack of organizations of anykind through which students at other colleges are accustomed to act 'and make themselves and their opinions felt," and states that" all traces of college spirithave been killed and the possibility of ever reviving itremoved" -and so on for a column. This outburst deserves censure, first, because it is an inexcusable misrepresentation, perhaps intentional, but more probablydue to a very superficial acquaintance with our college life. And further (presuming that the writer isa student), the article in question is censurable because of its bad taste and its evidence of disloyalty.The author shows that he at least, has no speck in hismake-up of that college spirit the absence of which heso much deplores. Loyalty, or even decency, shouldavoid at least, placing his alma mater in a false light. 1UNIVERS1TY OF CHICAGO WEEKLY.The allegation, of which so much is made, that theUniversity publications are privately managed, losesits force when it is remembered that the same is trueof the Harvard, the Yale, the Michigan, the Wisconsin, and nearly every other college paper that is ofmore than local reputation. It is found to be the onlypracticable way of bringing out a good paper in alarge university. The columns of the WEEKLY have Previous contests have attracted wide attention andthe results heralded by the papers all over the UnitedStates. Since this year's contest is to be held in thiscity, the Chicago papers will give it especially fullreports. It will be an occasion worthy of the besttalent and the best endeavor which the University ofChicago can bring forth. Last year we came withinone of striking the bottom. This year we shouldalways been open to communications from all members reach the top. The joint debates also with Michi-of the University and its editorial management is entirely divorced from the business management. It isabsolutely false that" the board is composed of thosewho own the paper and their assistants." TheWEEKLY has the self-perpetuating board system thatprevails on practically all the large college papers inthe country, and a position on the staff is open to anystudent who manifests a due interest in the paper andwho evinces an ability to make himself useful.One feature of the game last Saturday pleasant to remember was theNORTHWESTERNAT THEGAME. cheering of the various colleges represented in the grandstand and along the side-lines.Michigan, Harvard, Madison, could all be heard inthe intervals left by Chicago and Minnesota. N orthwestern was also represented on the field, but theircry was absent. The Evanstonians contented themselves with echoing Minnesota's yell, and adding afew derisory remarks about Chicago. Perhaps theunexpected and creditable victory of the previousSaturday has turned our neighbor'S head; perhapsonly the Freshman and preparatory element werepresent at the game; but it would seem, if neither ofthese hypotheses is true, that the students from thenorth .shore were purposely and unnecessarily discourteous. But we can hardly believe that the excitedcry of a "sucking President" along the side-lines," Anything to beat Chicago," fairly voices the Northwestern University spirit.THE Football, at the present time, is absorb-ORATORIGAL ing the interest of the University andLEAGUE. much is being done to sustain ourhonor in that line. But there is another field of ell-deavor in which the standing and prestige of this institution are involved. The Northern OratoricalLeague, comprising the Universities of Michigan,Wisconsin, Iowa and Chicago, Northwestern University and Oberlin College, will hold its annual contestthis year in Chicago, probably in Central Music Hall, gan, Iowa and, probably, Illinois, are events of greatimportance. The University will bejndged before thecountry by these literary contests. N ow is the timeto begin work.The University Publications.There are at present issued by the University ofChicago six educational magazines. The principaleditors and in some instances the associate editors areall from our own institution.The Journal of Political Economy, edited by Head ProfessorJ. Laurence Laughlin, is a magazine of one hundred and fortypages, issued quarterly.The Journal of Geology, edited by Head Professor T. C.Chamberlin, is a semi-quarterly magazine of one hundred andtwenty pages.The Astrophysical Journal, an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics, is edited jointly by Prof.Geo. E. Hale, of Yerkes Observatory, and Prof. James E. Keelerof Allegheny Observatory. It is an illustrated magazine ofabout one hundred pages and is published monthly, exceptingJuly and September.The American Journal of Sociology, edited by Head Professor Alvin W. Small, is a bi-monthly of one hundred pages.The Biblical World is published monthly and is edited byPresident Harper and five of the University professors. Itsusual size is eighty pages.Hebraica is a quarterly magazine of sixty pages, and is editedby Professors William R. Harper, Emil G. Hirsch, Ira M. Brice,and Robert Francis Harper, all of the University.An of these publications are issued by the University of Chicago Press.The University Chorus.Under the direction of Mr. Wardner Williams theUniversity chorus has opened its fourth year of workwith pleasant prospects. The membership is now onthe increase and will soon reach one hundred. According to a rule recently made the fee will be one dollarfor three quarters ending July I. At present thechorus is doing good work at its rehearsals, whichare held Tuesday evenings, singing several of themasterpieces. This year the system of quarterly concerts will not be followed. Instead, a concert will begiven soon after the holidays and the season will closewith a grand musical festival of several concerts.The festival will specially mark the close of the fourthyear of the chorus, and will be made in every way asattractive as possible, 587UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WEEKLY.Minnesota ro=-Chlcago 6.Saturday's contest deserves a place of honor amongthe notable events in the 'Varsity annals. In thefirst place it was the only time the University of Minnesota had been seen on the University'Field, and in the second place it was avictory lost and won in one of the greatest games seen in Chicago. It was aneven contest from the start. The 'Varsity sympathizers naturally feel that itwas only by an accident that anotherscalp is hanging from the gophers' belt. It was nota calamity by any means and the time honored phraseof "another Waterloo" must be left out of theaccount. Captain Allen and his cohorts played bailright from the start, but the visitors played just atrifle better and thereby hangs the tale.Gale was not raised a quaker', and when Larson andDalrymple began to execute a Trilby two-step on hiseyebrows he indignantly resented the familiarity bythe divine prerogative of a right-hander. In justiceto Captain Larson it must be said that he was able tosee two sides of the encounter and therefore did notinsist on the retirement of Gale. Bert Alward, however, was the big gun of the performance, and withassumed indignation, and quoting the familiar Injunction about .". turning the other side, etc.," he admonished the belligerent half-back to leave the game.With Gale's departure went also the hope of winningthe game. It is true Chicago made their touch-downimmediately afterward, but this does not alter the factthat the change was the principal factor of the 'Varsity's defeat.It is not clear who was responsible for taking Ewing from quarter to half instead of putting Brown inGale's place. Clarke played a plucky game but hisknee was in such condition that he was badly limpingwhen walking up to his place. The interference wedid have, became ragged to a marked degree.We were exceedingly unfortunate in being unableto present a set of strong backs against the hardyVikings. Gale was the only man in good form.Dickey, who only a few days prior to the game waswalking on crutches, soon had to leave. .Nichols,who took his place, had been able to practice withthe team only once during the week on account of abadly bruised thigh. N eel was in fairly good form,EWING The line however, with the exception of Phil Allen,was in the pink of condition and it was in a greatmeasure due to the india rubber quality of these thatour showing appeared to such good advantage. The" old warhorse" at left end was a veritable terror tothe Minnesota backs. He was in every play and his.tackling was a feature of the game. Roby brokethrough well but for some'�---"'��-----l reason failed frequently to; I down his man. Williamsonj played a star game and freI quently made runs around1 the opposite tackle of fromJ three to ten yards and heI made the only touchdownfor Chicago. Ketrnann, fora new man, did exceedinglywell and was but little at adisadvantage with the veteran Larson. Flint and Dal-� ._ .. �. __ . J rym pIe were on even termsand Rullkoetter was in atall stages of the game.Against such men as Finlayson, Larson and Bissell,the 'Varsity trio, who had played together only oncebefore, showed up well to say the least.It took Minnesota just eighteen minutes to score thefirst touchdown, the rest of the half was taken up bya kicking game with the contest slightly in favor ofthe'Varsity. The half closed with the ball in Minnesota's possession on their own twenty-five-yard line.Chicago, by a series of rushes through the line andaround tackles, steadily advanced the ball to thegophers' twelve-yard-line. The brilliant play of thegame was a fourteen-yard run by Wi lliamson. Withfour yards to gain on the third down things lookedgloomy for the 'Varsity. Stagg on the side-linesbowed his head with calm resignation to fate, and didnot dare to look up until a precocious freshman in exuberant enthusiasm so far forgot himself as to tumblehelter-skelter over the professor just as Williamsonwas lost to view among the weeds behind the goalposts. Caste, color and previous connections were lostsight of in the general jollification. One of Chicago'smost eloquent divines with two handles to his name,and withal a loyal friend of the University, joined inthe discordant college yell, and a hilarious" soph."took the chances of being flunked by slapping hisreverend friend on the backwith some such exclamations as "Hi yi ! old sport, I told you so ;" " Whoop1a ;" "We didn't do a thing to 'em;" "One morenow;" "Zip, boom! rah, b-r-r-r-r ! " and with a lastwhoop, as Allen kicked goal, the youth was lost toview among a hundred others similarly afflicted.Chicago had made a touchdown and was two pointsahead. This blissful state of affairs lasted for tenHENRY GALE.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WEEKLY. 589minutes but the supply of wind of the rooters as wellas of those in maroon stockings was growing shortereach moment, and, with the setting of the sun, sunkthe hopes and aspirations of those who expected Chicago to win. Pettibone, villain that he was, wentacross the line for the second touchdown just as theglowing orb was lost to view below the odoriferousbank of Stock-Yards' mist. The measure was heapedto its brim when Parkyn, the C. A. A. man, kickedgoal. The minutes which yet remained were occupied in playing hide-and-seek in- the middle of thefield. The second half closed with the ball in possession of the visitors of C,picago's forty-yard line. Theline-up and detailed score follow:II'!innesota.Kehoe ..Tiegen , Walker .Bissell . . . .FinlaysonLarson (capt.) .DalrympleHarrison .Adams ..PettiboneLoomisParkyn Positions. Chicago.Left end . . . . . . Allen (capt.)· Left tackle . . . . . . Williamson· Left guard. . . . . . Rullkoetter· Center . . . . Allen" Phil"· Right guard. . Ketmann· Right tackle. . Flint· Right end Roby· Quarter-back.. Ewing, Clarke· Right half-back. . Dickey, Nichols· Left half-back .... Gale, Ewing· Full-back . . . . . . . . . . NeelReferee-Wrenn. Umpire-Alward. Score-Minnesota, 10;Chicago, 6. Time-Two 35-minute halves. Linesmen-Pikeand Harding. Touchdowns-Williamson, Parkyn, Pettibone.Timekeepers-Clarke and Walker.Morgan Park Football.The Academy has reached the high water-mark ofits achievements in athletics, for last Saturday witnessed the crushing defeat of Northwestern Academyto the rasping tune of 58 -0. The Morgan Park boyswent up to the Methodist stronghold with many fears.They were well acquainted with Van Doozer's awfuldoings just one' week before, and were oppressed bythe possible danger of the same spirit in the Academy.So they took up their best material, thoroughly prepared to make a stiff fight. The game was called at. 2 : 30 and as to size and appearance the teams werewell matched. Morgan Park had the first kick-off.After one or two bucks at the lines Stevenson wassent around the end, and first down was made in lessthan a minute. This rush set the pace, and before theend of the first half the Academy rolled up a creditof 34.The second balf brought twenty-four more pointsto the 'Cademy.The Morgan Park eleven deserves great credit forthis fine showing. The University may look forstrong material from its Academy in the seasons tofollow.\y--The most surprisrng score Saturday was probably the tie10-10 of Madison and Champaign. Champaign has reason tobe proud of this showing. However, Madison is undoubtedlyweaker than last year. Athletic Notes.The Central Y. M. C. A. eleven will meet the 'Varsity thisafternoon.Guteman, half-back of the Harvard, was formerly captaiu ofthe Knox College team.Two weeks ago Beloit beat Ripon 82-0. Saturday they wonagain from the same school, 18-12.The attendance at Saturday's game was very creditable;1,900 paid admissions was the total.Hering was hurt in the Bucknell-Penn. State Coll. gam.eSaturday and retired from the field.Harding, the big Minnesota guard, is a tutor there this year.Pyre, the Madison tackle, is also a tutor.The game with Purdue has been canceled. On the same datethe team will play Adelbert College at Cleveland.Mr. Raycroft coached the Stevens Point Normal team earlyin the season. Thus far the team has not lost a game.Armour Institute is probably the best of the second-classWestern teams. They won from St. John's Military Academyeasily, Saturday. 26-4.Ex-Captain Lyman, of Wisconsin, was at the game Saturday, with pencil and note book, getting" pointers" for thecoming 'Wisconsin game.Either West Point or Dartmouth is an in-and-outer this year.West Point won from Dartmouth only 6'0, Saturday. On formthe score should have been at least 20-0.Pennsylvania is playing true to form. With their full-backBrooke out of the game, they won from Lafayette, 30-0. Lafayette defeated Cornell, 6-0, and lost to Princeton only 16-0.From present i ndicatious the standing in the New EnglandTriangular league will be Dartmouth, Amherst, Williams.The latter team was unmercifully thrashed by Yale Wednes-day, 54-0.Seven men were retired in the Illinois-Wisconsin gameSaturday, six from injuries received, and the other frominjuries given. Madison had all the worst of the slugging,strange to say.Michigan's game against Rush-Lake Forest affords the firstchance to see what their team is really like. Madison beatthis team 28-6, after a hard fight. C. A. A. won easily twice,30:0 each time. Michigan's score was 400, with Baird out ofthe game. Bloomington kicked six goals out of seven.Some foot-ball scores Saturday:Michigan 40, Rush-Lake Forest 0; Chicago A. A. 4, NewtonA. C. 0; Madison 10, Illinois 10; Harvard 25, Cornell 0;Princeton 0, Orange A. C. 0; U. of Penn. 30, Lafayette 0;Yale 0, Boston A. A. 0; Hyde Park 40, English High 0; Penn.State College 14, Bucknell 0; Amherst 20, M. 1. T. 4·Yale and Princeton each played tie games, 0-0, Saturday,against the Boston A. A. and Orange A. C. respectively.Thorne was not in the Yale game. Princeton had severalchances to score, but threw them away in wild attempts atgoals from the field. Harvard's score against Cornell, :L5 0,was about what was expected. Harvard did not score in thefirst half.And now comes a shriek of joy from Purdue: Minnesotalost to the Blacksmiths 18-4, and naturally Purdue is ta oncechampion of the West. It is odd� now that Missouri, who defeated Purdue 16-6, two weeks ago, will also claim the plum.Minnesota was weak, undoubtedly, from her hard game of lastSaturday, and was, besides, over confident. Purdue'S beefpushed her all over the field. Purdue'S ends were very strong,and her halves proved good in line bucking.590 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WEEKLY.Miss Demia Butler is a visitor at the Universitythis week.Mr. Forrest Grant, of the 'Varsity baseball team,was a spectator at Saturday's game.Miss Wilmarth entertained several Beecher friendsin her box at the Auditorium, on Friday.Snell Hall gave its first reception of the year lastMonday afternoon. The attendance was unusuallylarge, and the occasion was a pleasant one.During the month of November' the graduate womenare requested to meet their dean in order to registerfor the winter quarter's work. Office hours will befrom 1 : 30 to 2 : 30 daily.The Monday afternoon receptions at the Women'sHalls will be resumed on November 4th. BeecherHouse extends a cordial invitation to all membersand friends of the University.Dr. and Mrs. F. J. Miller gave a dinner party Wednesday evening at seven o'clock. The guests were:Dean and Mrs. Judson, Misses Chamberlain, Agerterand Klock; Professors Gould, Iddings and Salisbury.Married, October 23rd, Mr. F. G. Cressey andMiss M. Frances Babcock, of Painesville, Ohio. MissBabcock was graduated at the Summer Convocationof 1893. Mr. Cressey completed the Divinitycourselast June, and is the pastor of the First Baptist churchof Tiffin, Ohio.The following University men were elected members "of the Review Dining Club, in the PullmanBuilding, during the past week:President William R. Harper, Prof. Albion W.Small, Dr. 'T. W. Goodspeed, Prof. Robert FrancisHarper, Mr. George E. Vincent, Mr. George E. Robertson, Prof. Geo. S. Goodspeed, Mr. S. H. Clark,Mr. C. W. Chase, Mr. Newman Miller, Prof. H. P.Judson.The club is composed of prominent business menwho meet at lunch when occasion permits. The president of the club is Mr. G. J. Corey, Manager of thePairpont Manufacturing Co" and the motto of theclub is " Good Fellowship."University Settlement League.Among the most important societies yet organizedin the University is the Settlement League recentlyinstituted among the women of the faculty, instructors and wives of instructors. The officers elected are:Mrs. H. P. Judson, president; Mrs. W. D. McClin- tock, vice-president; Mrs. Charles Zeublin, secretary;Mrs. Hastings Moore, treasurer. The object of theLeague is to foster and promote the work of the settlement in such a way that it may become more effective through the increased interest in the University.Several interesting meetings have been held andaggressive movements are under way. The personnelof the League alone assures its strength and success,and as usual, the women may be depended upon tobring things to pass.The Associations.Y.w.c..._Miss Chandler, the new State secretary, will addressthe meeting to-day.The State Convention will be held at Peoria, November 7- 10. Can you go?Last Thursday Miss Neal gave a talk on "TheTypical Student." Eight new names were proposedfor membership.Instead of the usual prayer-meeting at the ladies'hall last Wednesday evening, Miss Davis, headworker in the College Settlement in Philadelphia,delivered an address before the Association. The cityof Philadelphia supports settlement work more Iibereral1y than any other city in the United States.There will be no meeting in the lecture room nextThursday. A missionary meeting will be held onWednesday afternoon from four to six in the drawingroom of Beecher. During the first half hour, Mrs.White, who has spent several years in China, willreceive the young women, and later will talk aboutChina. It is her request that me�mbers of the Association be prepared to ask questions.Y. M. C. A. Notes.The undergraduate section of the Y. M. C. A. willbe lead by Mr. G. H. Sawyer Friday evening.Mr. F. D. Tncker and Mr. F. Eby were elected tomembership in the Young Men's Christian Association last Friday evening.The topic for the graduate section of the Y. M. C.A. this week is " Christ as a Social Leveller." Mr.E. V. McCaskill will lead.The topic for the Sunday evening joint meeting ofthe associations is "DOUBT." Prof. Burton will occupy fifteen minutes of the service.The first regular meeting of the undergraduateY. M. C. A. was held in the parlors last Fridayevening. A large number were present and the meeting was very enthusiastic. Mr. Brockman, an international college secretary, spoke very earnestly andall were deeply impressed with his address. It ishoped that the students will be even more interestedin the future and be present next Friday at 6 : 45 inthe same room.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WEEKLY.Fellowships in the University.The University is very liberal in its fellowships,and scholarships, and the following year bids fair tobuild up an immense department in original researchwork. At present there are one hundred and fourstudents receiving fellowships in the University.In the different departments are found the followingfellowships: Zoology 9, Latin 8, History 6, English6, chemistry 5, Geology 5, Mathematics 5, Semitic 5,Political Science 4, Romance 3, Greek 3, Sanscrit 3,Philosophy 3, Sociology I, Physiology 2, Astronomy2; the rest of the fellowships, there being one hundred and four in all, are scattered among the diferen t departments.The amount paid by the University in fellowshipsamounts to $25,000.The trustees are also very liberal in scholarships;this year the total amount given in this way to students amounting to $9,400. This makes an aggregatein fellowships and scholarships for the coming year_of $34,4°°.Divinity Conference.The first of the series of Divinity Conference for thefall quarter took place' Monday afternoon. The question discussed was, "Are the Aims and Methods ofthe Church to Undergo a Radical Transformation ?"Introductory arguments were made by Messrs. Case,Ewing, Stark and others, and the whole meeting wasfull of interesting speeches. Every phase of opinionwas presented. President Harper, when called upon,said that we must recognize the principle of accommodation in religious teaching. Some 'people can bereached by dogmatism, others cannot be' touched byit. The Catholic church may have its work, the Protestant church its work, and there are even men outside the church who are doing their part. It is impossible to do this work all in one way or by onesingle method. Diversity of method we must have,to suit the varying needs of various people.Settlement Teachers.Courses are being conducted at the University settlement by the following students: Mr. Braam , bookkeeping; Miss Clausen, shorthand and typewriting;Mrs. Weeks, English; Miss Dumke, German; MissGrant, arithmetic and algebra; Mr. Arthur Smith,violin; Mr. E. O. Sisson, history; Miss Blinn, reading.Recorder Appointed.Mr. George S. Goodspeed, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Comparative Religion and Ancient History, hasbeen appointed University Recorder in place of H. B.Grose, resigned. Profesfor E. E. Barnard's Lectures.Professor E. E. Barnard will give a course of sixUniversity Extension lectures in the Theater of KentChemical Laboratory, on _Monday evenings at eighto'clock. All students of the University will be admitted upon presentation of their matriculation cards.The lectures will be illustrated by stereopticon views.Following are the subjects :. r. Celestial PhotographyII. Mars ..III. Jupiter .IV. The Moon . Nov. IIISDec. 2v. CometsVI. StarsDenison Club.The Denison, Ohio, Club held its autumn meetingwith Professor and Mrs. Price, at Morgan Park,on Friday evening, October the twenty-fifth.The club has about thirty members, including inthe faculty, President Harper, Professors Burton,Price, F. J. Miller, Castle, Moncrief, InstructorsOwen and Shephardson with Mrs. Dixon, ProfessorAnderson, R. F. Harper and G. B. Foster. The object of the club is to meet once a quarter for the revi val of memories connected with the life in DenisonUniversity at Granville, Ohio.Vagrant Notes.A Criss cross play-betting an X.Brown offers a course in Dutch this fall.The Ames Agricultural Col1ege, Iowa, was obliged to closeits doors because the water supply suddenly failed. Some perhaps will discover in tbis another argument against prohibition.Collections of stories of Harvard, of Princeton and of Yalelife are out in book form. Now comes the new woman with" Wel1esley Stories." by Abbe Carter Goodloe, illustrated byGibson.The Amherst footb al l captain has offered prizes to the m('11who make the second team. Coffins, stretcher, and copies of"First aid to the Injured," are the articles usually selected bythe fortunate students.Read the Inter Ocean for news. The article on Student Lifeat the 'Varsity, in the Sunday edition, for instance, is news ofthe most novel kind. There was once a certain man calledAuanias, who lied for pay; and it came to pass that he died,and his name became a mocking.Mr. Atkinson, of Beloit, thinks life is a delusion. Saturdaylast, while engaged in merrily thumping an opponent in thefootball field, he was rudely interrupted by a common policeman, who rudely threatened to arrest him. Is it come to sucha pass that even football is not respected by these meddlesomecoppers ?The Wisconsin Daily Cardinal is aggrieved at the WEEKLY'Smild rebuke of the policy of cancelling and changing dates asfancy or whim dictates. There is one date, they say, they have110 wish to cancel, and that is November aud. If Northwesterncould so beat and" bemaul Chicago, what will they do? Well,brother, we all have our dull days; but come down cheerfully,and the 'Varsity will try to give you a little hard practice.59125916692 NIVERSITY OF CHICAGO WEEKLY.Majors and Minors.Mr. Henry A. Rust, has been oppoirited temporary registrar.A new piano has been placed in the parlor of South DivinityHall.Miss Charlotte Coe, of the Library, returned last week fromher vacation.Dr. Franklin Johnson 'preached at the Hyde Park Baptistchurch last Sunday.A University Extension Circular has recently been publishedby the extension department.A new departmental library has just been established inRyerson, for the department of pedagogy.Dean McClintock, delivered a lecture on literature at theColumbian School of Oratory last Saturday.President Harper delivered an address before the NationalEducational Association at Atlanta last Friday.Prof. Weld, of the department of mathematics in the StateUniversity of Iowa, visited at the University last week.Newman Miller, of the Extension office, was called to hishome at Mason, Mich., last week by the illness of his father.Mr. J. S. Diller, of the U. S. Survey, is visiting the University this week. He addressed the Geological Club yesterday.Books to the value of $I,600 are to be added to the Frenchlibrary during the coming year. The first lot has already beenreceived. .Professor Shepardson has an article on "The Irregularitiesin Counts in Presidential Elections" in the current DenisonQuarterly.A booklet is being compiled to contain the bulletins, regulations and rules of the libraries, and a subject catalogue for thedepartments.A meeting of the Deuison Club of the University of Chicagowill be held at the home of Prof. Ira M. Price at Morgan Parkto-morrow evening.The following teams of handball are training for the FallTournament: Alschuler and Rothschild, Greenbaum and Fish,Hubbarb and Ickes.Divinity students are now offered free two separate coursesin elocution under Mr. Clark, the classes meeting twice a week,throughout the year.Mr. G. A. Gilbert, of the U. S. Survey, was a visitor' at theUniversity last week, and delivered an address before theGeological Club last Friday.A large delegation of Morgan Park students attended theNorthwestern and Minnesota games in a body and cheeredlustily for Chicago. Come again boys.The regular Wednesday afternoon concert, November 6 willbe given by Hugh A. Kelso's School of Music. It is expectedthat this concert will be a treat for the students.We have received a copy of ., A Summary of the Archeeology of Iowa," written by Prof. Frederick Starr and published'by the Davenport Academy of Natnral Sciences.There will be an organization formed here of those graduatesof Morgan Park Academy, who belonged to the PhilolexianSociety. The charter was granted Monday night.Mr. Daniel Fulcomer, gradnate student in the University,has been appointed to a $2,000 professorship in psychologyand pedagogy at the State Normal School, Milwaukee, Wis.Kent Hall was again crowded Sunday by those who havebecome in President Harper's lectures on Prophecy. TheSchumann Lady Quartette gave several selections of considerable nierit. Mr. W .•1'. Noss, who has had charge of the training table,will leave the University this week for Iowa City, where he hasbeen called to a teaching fellowship in mathematics in theState University of Iowa.A Keats memorial meeting was held in Foster Hall Tuesdayevening. Professor Wilkinson, Miss Bowen, Professor Tolmanand Dr. Lewis made short speeches. Refreshments wereserved and a good social time enjoyed by the many present.The club of political science and history will hold its firstmeeting next Wednesday evening, in the faculty room. Subject, "Venezuela and the Monroe Doctrine;" Messrs. Catterall, Fertig and Boyd, and Miss Glover will lead the discussion. Dean Judson will give a brief resume of the discussion,Steward T. M. Hammond's residence was entered by burglarslast week and two hundred dollars worth of jewelry and clothing stolen. V. E. McCaskill and Geo. L. Slicker had. theirroom, at 5464 Ingleside avenue, entered by burglars one nightlast week, and two watches and nineteen dollars in cash weremissing the next morning.The question for the first annual debate with the Universityof Michigan has been decided, and reads as follows: "Is theprinciple 0./ a graduated property tax one which should beadopted by the States .'P" The University Faculty are to makethe choice of sides after the preliminary debate among thestudents, which takes place in December.The following officers have been elected by the OratoricalAssociation: L. Brent Vaughn, President; W. C. Mitchell,Vice-President; Abraham Bowers, Treasurer; and H. K.Woodruff, Secretary. All students are invited to take part inall the contests. The following are open: The preliminarydebate for the U. of M. contest; rst week. The U. of M. contest in April; the prize contest in February.All students interested in the Prohibition Club of the University are urged to compete in the local contest to be heldabout January 25th. Any student may enter the contest bysigning the constitution of the club. The contest is for theselection of a delegate to the state contest which is to be heldabout March first. Last year the representation of the University won the national contest in Cleveland, and we hope forequal success this year.As we go to press we are informed that Steward T. M. Hammond, who has been at the head of the employment bureausince the University first opened its doors, has sent in his resignation to the board of trustees, to take effect in a few weeks.It is not known, of course, whether the resignation will beaccepted. It is understood that Mr. Hammond has beenoffered a lucrative position with a leading publishing house.Mr. Hammond is a graduate of the old University and hasbeen prominent in all Alumni affairs. He has a wide acquaintance in educational circles, and will be a valuable man in hisnew field. It is not known who will succeed him.Although the Boys' Club is not a new scheme, the Boys'Club in Hyde Park as an organized association is of quite arecent date. The object is to provide a place for the amusement and instruction of boys between the ages of eight' andsixteen, that they may have Christian influence and be keptfrom running the streets. The officers and' members of theassociation are desirous that it should excite a widespread influence and interest, and for that purpose have arranged toopen the Club rooms at number 5640 Lake avenue with a"Book social" on the evening of Friday, November I.The association has been fortunate in securing the servicesof Mr. Snowden of the University of Chicago, who will, without doubt, prove a competent aud able superintendent, as hehas a" firm belief in the Boy; and the possibility of his development into into a respectable citizen. .�