The University RecordVolume XVI J U L Y 1 9 3 O Number 3JULIUS ROSENWALD, PHILANTHROPISTSURELY if ever there was a man worthy to bear the title of <£t\-avdpoowos it is Julius Rosenwald, and he exemplifies his love ofmankind, not only by storing it in his heart, but by pouring it outof his pocket. He is not merely benevolent, he is beneficent. Because hewishes good for his fellow-men he does good to his fellow-men, whetherthey be black or white, whether they be Jews or Christians, young or old,Americans submerged under unfavorable social conditions or aliens persecuted by tyranny, whether they be ordinary people or extraordinary teachers, whether they live in squalid homes or work in Gothic halls of universities.This is neither the time nor is the University Record the place to provide an adequate biography of Mr. Rosenwald or to recite the many deedswhich have made his career interesting and noteworthy. For the minutethe biography had been written there would come to light new evidences ofaid to worthy causes, and these pages would hardly provide space for thelong list of his contributions. Although the list would be long, it is not inthe least to be inferred that he who made it possible did so haphazard.He does not heedlessly help even worthy objects, nor choose them withoutcareful investigation. Nor does he assist needy causes just because theyare needy, they must be both needy and worthy; they must be proved tobe needy, worthy, and capable of growth and stability. His generosity is arare and well-nigh unique combination of sentiment, good sense, and businesslike knowledge, knowledge which seems to be intuition. It must bethis insistence upon the, so to speak, inherent solvency of his investmentsin beneficence that has led him to conclusions as to perpetual endowmentsthat have aroused widespread interest and comment.135136 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDIn the Atlantic Monthly for May, 1929, in an article entitled "Principles of Public Giving/7 Mr. Rosenwald set forth his reasons for giving toeducational and charitable organizations in a manner which would requirethe spending of the money within a certain specified number of years instead of regarding it as a permanent fund. He does not believe in the"dead-hand" grip upon monies given for assistance of these objects, butthinks that such gifts should be expended during present-day periods, suchperiods, of course, to be determined by the need and condition of the objects or institutions aided, and by the judgment of those responsible fortheir future prosperity. While such a method of procedure is contrary tolong-established precedent, the distinguished writer makes a good argument for his thesis, an argument based on well-known examples of thefailure of endowments to provide the expected aid and do the good thedonor had in mind. Furthermore, he is convinced that although it will follow that endowments will not be permanent nevertheless new currentfunds will undoubtedly be supplied to meet new and changing needs.While some conservative educational administrators were not convincedof the wisdom of Mr. Rosenwald7s ideas, they were surely convinced ofthe earnestness and disinterestedness of his reasoning and of the consistency of his own widespread beneficence. There were many comments onthe Atlantic article, many of them highly commendatory. One may alwayscite the classic illustration of the endowment the interest of which was intended to assist emigrants in their ferry-transit across the Missouri andthe instance of the Sailors7 Snug Harbor where its income must be expended to assist old and needy sailors of sailing ships.Mr. Rosenwald was elected a Trustee of the University on May 21,19 12, and from that date until these words were written hardly a year,possibly even a month, has passed that has not seen recorded some contribution of money or service from him to the institution. This record ofgifts begins on his fiftieth birthday, August 12, 191 2, when he gave$2 50,000 for much-needed buildings. This munificent donation made possible the building to house the departments of Geology and Geography. Itwas upon the suggestion of the two great scholars who made these departments famous, Professors Chamberlin and Salisbury, that the building wasnamed by the Trustees "Julius Rosenwald Hall.77 He was a large contributor to the initial campaign, begun in 19 16, to establish the new medical department of the University. His, too, was one of the large contributions to the "Development Campaign'7 of 1924, in which every member ofthe Board of Trustees participated. He has made possible the erection ofother buildings upon which his name is not cut in the stone of the portal.It is by a notable gift to which his name attaches that the development ofJULIUS ROSENWALD, PHILANTHROPISTundergraduate work south of the Midway Plaisance is made possible andthe University is thus enabled to begin a movement which promises to beepoch-making in the history of the institution. Thus, in this instance, thebeneficence of the Founder and of this later benefactor, the principles ofwhose giving are both quite similar, meet in the progressive growth of theUniversity — Mr. Rockefeller provided the land and Mr. Rosenwald provides the wherewithal by which the new students7 halls may be built.Last year the members of the Board voted to honor Mr. Rosenwald byplacing in some suitable building a worthy portrait of the man who has sosignificantly aided in the growth of the University, a painting paid for,not by University funds, but by individual Trustee subscriptions. Aftercareful investigation, the appointed committee selected as the painterJohn C. Johansen, of New York, represented by two works in the portraitcollection of the University and in other places by worthy examples of hisskill. A reproduction of the portrait accompanies this sketch. For someyears it has been a regulation that portraits of living persons shall not behung in Hutchinson Hall, but by special vote the Board decreed that thisportrait shall be placed in this hall of honor in company with those of thefour former presidents of the University. The Art Institute has "invited7'it for display at the exhibition of American paintings and sculpture to beheld next autumn.AFTERNOON ORGAN MUSIC(THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO CHAPEL)By ALTHEA BASSCome you within, when dusk obliterates the weary day ;Cross this arched portal ; let the great doors shut the world away.Here in the filtered light is space that reaches out and upBeyond our little human reach, above our lifted cupOf human sorrow and anxiety ; here may the eyeTravel from arch to pointed arch, to reach the altar highWhere windows stain the failing light with sacrificial redAnd heaven's blue, and some designer^ aspirations all are saidIn a lacework of carven stone, fragile and permanent.Here is the daily burden laid; here weariness is spent.Now sit we here within the shadow of a screen of oakWhereon, in fruits and flowers and vines, some worker in wood spokeEarth's fulness, from the fulness of his spirit. Rest we hereUntil the first note from the organ breaks the quiet, clearAnd distant as a voice from out another world that speaksA language purer than our own, depicting for us peaksOf beauty that we had not guessed, or had forgotten quite.Speak we this language with the organist; in these notes writeImperishable hopes that we could never say beforeIn the poor language of our common speech ; write moreThan our five mortal senses have recorded, in this tongueThat is the spirit's only, speaking sweet, strange sounds, far-flung,Concentric, circling earth and sky in the symphonic wordOf living stone and carven oak and a great organ stirredWith music.When the echo of the last note slowly fadesFrom beauty to remembered beauty, and the quiet shadesOf night come down in benediction, ask we then no more;With this new word for a new day leave we the chapel door.Norman, Oklahoma138"HERE EN THE FILTERED LIGHT IS SPACE THAT REACHES OUT AND UP"A YEAR OF MANUSCRIPT ACQUISITIONSBy HAROLD R. WILLOUGHBYAssociate Professor of New Testament LiteratureTHE academic year 1929-30 has been the University 7s annusmirabilis for the acquisition of New Testament manuscripts.During this one year alone the University has increased its resources in this field at an average rate of one manuscript per month. Earlyin 1929 the New Testament Department could boast of but a single Greekmanuscript of the gospels, together with the fragment of a Pauline lec-tionary. Today the equipment of the department includes fourteen Greekmanuscripts, complete or fragmentary.This notable assemblage of manuscripts has been secured at an expenditure of about $9,000 — approximately what the University of Michigan paid at a London auction for the Burdett-Coutts manuscripts. Inthese days, when Greek manuscripts rarely appear on the market, thisis a remarkable result. Nevertheless it is an accomplished fact.A BYZANTINE PORTRAIT GALLERYThe first of the University7s acquisitions for the year was the most expensive, and from the point of view of manuscript illumination, the mostimportant. Early in January, 1929, a well-known archaeologist, whospends a part of each year in the Near East, sent us for inspection a manuscript of the four gospels. It was a thick octavo codex, composed of 400parchment leaves measuring 5^ by 8 inches. The text was written in alarge, well-formed cursive script that dated about 1300 a.d.The lavish illuminations of the codex were its most striking feature.At the beginning of the book ten architectural designs framed the canontables. There followed a series of evangelist portraits and decorativeheadings done in the high Byzantine manner. Matching this traditionalseries of evangelist portraits was a duplicate series of post-Renaissanceportraits that betrayed strong Western influences. The best of these disclosed the Apostle John in the traditional cave on Patmos, writing hisgospel at divine dictation.An important note in barbarous Greek scrawled across a flyleaf of thecodex tells the story of this duplicate portrait sequence:This copy of the four gospels belongs to me, the priest Chrysanthus. I rescued itfrom the hands of the Turks in the regions of Iberia by the Great Sea at Tzeltere ( ?)139140 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDand I renewed its covers with trouble, but with pride. Let no one take possession ofit without my consent. Whoever removes it, may he have upon himself the curses ofthe three hundred and eighteen inspired fathers. In the year 1700, Chrysanthus, themost insignificent holy monk.Two paragraphs written in dignified church Slavonic record the experiences of this gospel-book in Russia at a certain period in its history.The first is a renovation colophon by Cosma of Athos who engaged in repairing church books at Polotsk in northwestern Russia.I Cosma, hieromonk and priest, came to the Church of St. George at Polotsk fromChilandari on the Holy Mountain. There I found the books deteriorated ( ?). I began with zeal and labor to repair the nine gospels and the Praxapostolos and theTriodion and the Psalter.Michael the painter, amanuensis,May God forgive Cosma !The second Slavonic colophon, which begins curiously with a Credo,records the donation of the codex by Chekra, Archpriest of Kovno, to achurch named for St. Nicholas. Considering its many points of high interest, it is not strange that the Chrysanthus Gospels proved an expensivemanuscript to buy. Nevertheless, a group of Chicago men, Mr. Arthur T.Gait, Mr. Stanley Rickords, Mr. C. Lindsay Ricketts, and Mr. C. T. B.Goodspeed, made its purchase possible by their generous contributions.A PRAXAPOSTOLOS AND A GOSPELS MANUSCRIPTThe Chrysanthus codex was the first Greek manuscript with New Testament text to be bought by the University in thirty-three years. Anothermonth had not passed, however, before the University came into the possession of two more New Testament manuscripts, one of them a tatteredGospels and the other a charming Praxapostolos. These were brought toour attention by Professor Edward Capps, formerly of the University ofChicago, now of Princeton. On his return trip from Athens in the autumnof 1 92 8, Professor Capps met a young Greek who was coming to America tolive. The Greek showed him a collection of six Byzantine manuscripts ofwhich two were New Testament texts. At the request of the owner, Professor Capps undertook to get bids on them from individuals and institutionsinterested in manuscripts. He submitted them to Professor Goodspeed,who at once made an offer for the two New Testament manuscripts thatwas large enough to assure their purchase.Concerning the recent history of these codices the Greek dealer statesthat until 1890 they were in a monastic library on Mount Athos. Thenthey passed into the possession of a Greek national living on the westcoast of Asia Minor who perished in the Smyrna disaster of 1922. HisA YEAR OF MANUSCRIPT ACQUISITIONS 141wife, a refugee to Greece, sold them to the dealer. The gospel book is adilapidated volume consisting of 205 parchment leaves that measure 6}iby 8% inches. Originally this manuscript did not contain the story ofthe woman taken in adultery. Later, however, an additional folio wasinserted in the fourth gospel and the omission was supplied in anotherhand. This manuscript has been given the name "Demetrius Gospels77from the signature to a poetic colophon at the end: "The one who gavethis gospel gave for it fine gold from the mountains — Demetrius.77Like the Chrysanthus Gospels this codex dates about 1300 a.d.By its hand the Praxapostolos would be dated about a century earlier.It is a most attractive book: written in a delicate, cursive script; illuminated by red initials and exotic headbands ; and bound in crimson velvetcovers with quaint brass ornaments. In the center of the front cover thefour evangelists witness the crucifixion (see illustration), and on the backcover the four prophets call attention to the resurrection. Judging fromthe figure style and floral decoration, these plates would seem to be Russian work of the eighteenth century. The covers protect 152 parchmentleaves that are 5/4 by 7^ inches in size. Aside from this Praxapostolosthere are only two other manuscripts of the type in the United States atpresent.AN INAUGURATION INCIDENTWhen the Autumn Quarter opened in October, 1929, the New Testament Department found four Greek gospel manuscripts at hand for inspection. One of them — an octavo codex with 338 parchment leaves,measuring 6J/i by 8% inches — was submitted by M. Stora, of Paris, fromwhom Mrs. Rockefeller McCormick purchased her Byzantine Testament.The script was a large round cursive, easy to read, and the headpieceswere modest interlaces in red ink, attractive for their simplicity. In a decorative colophon at the end, the scribe recorded his own name and datewhen the manuscript was finished.Our God who fills all things be glorified! In the year 1303, the first of the indic-tion. Written by Hyacinthus, the sinful rural scribe. Let those who read pray and notcurse because of the work. For he who wrote it made mistakes ( ?). The Lord Jesussave you all brothers, Amen and Amen.The other three Greek gospels came from the New York orientalistwho had made the Chrysanthus Codex available. One was a magnificentquarto written two columns to the page and enriched by headpieces of theportal type. Another was an unpretentious octavo, plainly written onpaper. The third was a lovely duodecimo, no bigger than one's hand,with a unique frontispiece and charming decorative headings.142 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe President's inauguration on November 19, 1929, gave an opportunity to exhibit these manuscripts in connection with the research projects of the department. In one case was shown the Haskell Gospels secured through Professor Caspar Rene Gregory in 1895. In another casewere displayed the three Greek manuscripts purchased in the spring of1929. In a third case were exhibited the four manuscripts that had recently been sent to us on approval. These were labeled "awaiting purchase."Among the visitors at the exhibition was Mr. Frederick T. Haskell,nephew of the donor of Haskell Oriental Museum. He was attracted firstof all by the Haskell Gospels; then by the duodecimo. After he had notedits main features, he indicated his desire to purchase the manuscript forthe University. It is now the gem of the University's collection.This tiny codex includes 190 parchment leaves which are now 3% by4% inches in size. At the end of the text in the scribe's own handwriting,is the note,Here is the end of the Christ-spoken words. Remember Lord, the writer, the sinfulmonk Nicolaus of Edessa, and his family, Amen. This book was finished in the monthArtemesios — which is in the Roman reckoning May — on the 4th day, the nth indic-tion, in the year 6641, in the Christ-blessed city of Edessa.The Macedonian Edessa is here referred to, and the date is 1133 of ourera.Matching the generosity of Mr. Haskell in presenting the NicolausGospels to the University, Vice-President Woodward, Dean Mathews,and Director Raney made available contributions from various specialfunds sufficient to secure the other three manuscripts that were awaitingpurchase. So the label on the display case had to be changed to the announcement that funds had been provided since the opening of the exhibit for the purchase of all four codices.Curiously the paper octavo and the parchment quarto both belonged atone time to the Church of St. John the Forerunner at Exoteicho in Northern Asia Minor. On a flyleaf at the end of the quarto, this informationalcolophon gives a segment of the life-history of the codex:Holy God, Holy Mighty One, Holy Immortal, have mercy upon us. This holy andsacred book was found in the sacred temple of St. John the Forerunner of Exoteichoat Trebizond — very old, with leaves perished and lost because of its great age, as youcan see from the blank leaves which have been added in order that the missing partmay be written, and it is bound in this manner anew in the year of our salvation i860,November 6, and was placed again in the aforesaid temple as its private property.The Exoteicho quarto, like the Chrysanthus Codex, may be dated about1300 a.d. It contains 165 parchment leaves that measure gji by 12%inches.>-r ?•<--£ r ^ -•=- ri ***^.: f- t- - 5 ^ HI>0< H-cH1/3C-<<wIH PiCJCOP.*I— Ic-o<-V,u-J.A YEAR OF MANUSCRIPT ACQUISITIONS 143The paper codex from St. John's at Exoteicho has been named the"Isaac Gospels" from the scribe who penned a humble prayer in his ownbehalf at the completion of his work. The leaves of this book measure6 by 8^4 inches and are 204 in number. At first it was thought that themanuscript was written as late as the fifteenth century. The investigation of the watermarks, however, led to the conclusion that it should bedated instead about 1325-50.THE D'HENDECOURT ROLLOn the day following the President's inauguration I entertained at theQuadrangle Club M. Stora, of Paris, and his New York representative,Mr. J. Furst. While Professor Goodspeed was impressing on M. Stora hiseagerness to secure New Testament texts, I was talking about Byzantineminiatures with Mr. Furst. He told me of a miniatured parchment rollin their possession which he would forward from New York for our inspection. When it arrived it proved to be such a happy combination ofNew Testament texts and Byzantine miniatures that at once we all said itshould be acquired.It was a long narrow roll, 69 inches long and 3^ inches wide, datingfrom the twelfth or the thirteenth century. The texts included the opening verses of three gospels — Mark, Luke, and John — with the portraitsof the evangelists miniatured above. Next, three angelic figures typifyingthe Trinity were grouped above the Lord's Prayer, and the Virgin presided over the Nicene Creed. Finally, King David was seated in regalsplendor above the complete Sixty-eighth Psalm.It is a unique piece. Both Sir Frederic Kenyon, of the British Museum,and M. Omont, of the Bibliotheque Nationale, affirm that there is nothinglike it in their great collections. Liturgical rolls in Greek are not uncommon. A fourteenth-century copy of the Liturgy of St. Chrysostom wasbrought to me the other day by a Greek living here in Chicago. Uniformly, however, Byzantine liturgical rolls are unminiatured. Moreover, ourroll is not a liturgy. I have also seen in Chicago a miniatured Armenianroll with cabalistic texts that presents a closer parallel. On May 10, 1908,the New York Sunday Journal published photographs of a Byzantine rollcontaining the alleged Abgar letter with miniatures illustrating the legend. The roll was said to belong to a certain Abbe Gaffre, of Paris; but todate it has not been possible to trace either the Abbe or the roll beyondthe Sunday supplement report.For what purpose our roll was intended is something of a mystery. Ingeneral its magical intent is clear. The character of the selections includedsuggest that it may have been used as a private amulet — though it seems144 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDrather large for such use. More likely it was hung in an appropriate position, as on the pillar of a church, and was intended both for display andfor magical use. In this connection it is to be observed that the miniatureof the Virgin is the most worn of the seven — as if it especially had beensubjected to osculation. A long Arabic text on the back, prefaced by an ornamental cross, records various magical operations of a former owner, aChristian Arab named Suleyman ibn SaraD.Several prominent Chicagoans, Mr. Martin A. Ryerson, Mr. Arthur T.Gait, Mr. Frank G. Logan, Mr. C. Lindsay Ricketts, Mr. and Mrs. PaulTrebilcock, and Mr. Ainsworth W. Clark, became interested in this miniatured roll and contributed to its purchase. Finally, on the last day ofFebruary, Mrs. John William Scott, who is fond of things old and uniqueand beautiful, gave the amount necessary to complete the purchase. Because it once belonged to the distinguished connoisseur, the late Barond'Hendecourt, who died recently at the age of thirty-six, the roll is nowcalled after his name.AN UNCIAL MANUSCRIPTThe climax of the year's experiences came last January when the ownerand manager of Colosimo's Restaurant, a well-known gangland resort,offered to sell the University of Chicago a gospel lectionary written inuncial script. It was a magnificent codex containing 145 parchment leavesthat are 8 J^ by uj4 inches in size. The text is written two columns to thepage in a large, erect uncial hand, and it is embellished with illuminatedheadbands and initial letters (see illustration). It dates not later thanthe tenth century.The owner said that his great-grandfather picked up the manuscriptin a pillaged church in Argos, Greece, during the revolution of a centuryago. It remained an heirloom in his family until this generation. Fifteenyears ago it was brought to Chicago. The owner also divulged the information that the manuscript had been used as an oath book by the patronsof his restaurant. This suggests that it may have figured strategically inthe recent history of Chicago gangland.From the standpoint of paleography the Argos Lectionary, as it iscalled, is the most distinguished manuscript in the University's collection.For such an important piece to emerge here in Chicago is simply a marvel.Again Mr. Arthur T. Gait proved his interest in procuring manuscriptmaterials for scholarly uses by contributing heavily to the purchase of thiscodex. The codex was accepted on the restaurateur's own terms, which —as the writer is glad to affirm — were not unreasonable.To make the story of the annus mirabilis complete it should be notedA YEAR OF MANUSCRIPT ACQUISITIONS 145that the New Testament Department has most recently purchased a Greekservice book, containing both canonical and apocryphal texts, from thesame antiquer who sold us the Praxapostolos. It is an abridged meno-logium containing 333 paper leaves that measure sH by 7 H inches intheir trimmed state. The watermarks in the paper date the manuscriptin the sixteenth century.The unique feature of this book is a series of ten marginal sketches donein ink and intended to illustrate as many different church celebrations.All of them are labeled with the proper titles, two of them are dated, andone is accompanied with the following note in the artist's handwriting:"These festivals have been illustrated by the hand of John Adam, anephew of the priest Brapos, from the town of Grevenite, January 15,1852." Grevenite is a village near Meteora on the border between Macedonia and Epirus. As a record of Byzantine iconography in the middle ofthe last century, the John Adam Service Book is peculiarly interesting.A FRESH FIELD OF RESEARCHIt is conspicuous that the Greek manuscripts purchased by the University during the last year include miniatures that are important. Thiscalls attention to the latest extension of research activity on the part ofthe New Testament Department, to include the investigation of NewTestament miniatures in Byzantine manuscripts as well as the study ofthe Greek text.In addition to the regular work of text collation, the department isproceeding at present to significant publications in the field of New Testament iconography. The first of these will be the facsimile edition of theRockefeller-McCormick Testament, reproducing in full color and in exactdetail its multitude of miniatures. The writer is to supplement this facsimile with a critical volume dealing with the iconography of the miniatures.An even more important project is the collection and publication of acomplete corpus of New Testament iconography as illustrated by miniatures in all existing manuscripts of the Greek New Testament. This project is undertaken with the full approval and co-operation of the Department of Art in the University, the Princeton Department of Art andArchaeology, and M. Gabriel Millet, of the College de France. It hasreceived liberal financial support from the Trustees of the University andthe Byzantine Institute of America. An index is being prepared of allminiatured manuscripts of the Greek New Testament, and already aconsiderable collection of photographs has been secured.146 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDYet other important publications in this field are already envisaged.For example, the two series of evangelist portraits in the ChrysanthusGospels are eminently deserving of separate publication, as is also theminiature sequence on the d'Hendecourt Roll.Two years ago when we announced the Rockefeller-McCormick manuscript in The University Record we suggested that it brought to Chicagothe opportunity of becoming an important center for Byzantine studies.So far as New Testament iconography is concerned this opportunity seemsnear realization.FURTHER ADVANCE IN MEDICINEIT WAS only in October, 1927, that Albert Merritt Billings Hospitalwas opened for the treatment of patients. In the brief period sincethat history-making date — history-making, at least, in the progressof medical education — three additional buildings have been added to theoriginal structure. During the Winter and Spring quarters two of the threewere begun and as the Record goes to press are so far completed that theirwalls have reached the contemplated height. The striking illustrationplaced between pages 152 and 153 provides the architects' interpretationof the appearance of the long line of clinics which face the Midway Plaisance on the frontage of two entire city blocks. The line extends from EllisAvenue to Drexel Avenue, Ingleside Avenue having been vacated in orderto permit the placing of these useful buildings in one continuous group.The captions beneath the illustration designate the several hospitals whichare being used — or soon will be used — for the alleviation of suffering, thecure of disease, and research into causes of sickness of children and adultsand into surer methods of control. Besides these several University clinics, to the west, at the corner of Drexel Avenue and the Midway, there risesthe impressive pile of the Chicago Lying-in Hospital, which also is practically complete as far as the exterior stone work is concerned.Once the Lying-in Hospital is occupied, its present buildings at Fifty-first Street will be used by the Provident Hospital, a well-known institution serving Negroes. In turn, also, the Provident Hospital, like theLying-in Hospital, is now associated with the University. Its staff will beappointed exclusively on recommendation of the University. The trusteesof the Provident Hospital have secured a fund of $2,000,000, which willbe used for the purchase, remodeling, and equipment of the building. Thesum of $1,000,000 has been given to the University for endowment for theinstruction of Negroes in the clinical branches of medicine in the remodeled building.The Bobs Roberts Hospital, the most westerly of the University medical group, was opened for service on May 1. The Hicks and McElweememorials will doubtless be ready for use next fall or winter. Coolidge &Hodgdon are architects of these medical buildings, which will containsomething like 1 ,000 rooms.Among the gifts listed in the report of the Secretary of the Board ofTrustees appearing upon another page is that of the Baron Hirsch Wom-147148 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDan's Club of $10,000 a year for two years. Dr. Franklin C. McLean is onrecord as declaring:Approximately two million people in the United States are suffering with heartdisease ; the mortality rate steadily is increasing. In Chicago the rate advanced from108.3 per hundred thousand of population in 1905 to 234 per hundred thousand in1929. For the United States the rate was almost 300 per hundred thousand. That isalmost double the rate for the next most important causes of death, including cancer,pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diseases of the kidneys. Ninety per cent of the deathsoccurring from heart disease are in persons over 40 years of age.The funds available for the cardiac division of the University Clinicswill be used for support of an out-patient department, cost of hospitalizingcardiac patients unable to pay for their care, and support of a social service worker who will follow the cases of patients to see that they are adjusting their activities to their physical powers and that they report for periodic examinations, an important part of the care. The club will furnishfood and clothing to needy cardiac patients. The cardiac division will notonly provide treatment for patients but also will facilitate research inheart disease. It is probable that the Hirsch Woman's Club will changeits name to the Chicago Philanthropic Club, or one similar.BOBS ROBERTS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL FOR CHILDRENTHIS hospital, sure to be profoundly helpful in the cure of children's diseases, in the alleviation of suffering, and in the study ofpreventive medicine, was dedicated June 9, 1930.After prayer by Dean Charles W. Gilkey, Mr. L. Harry Freeman, onbehalf of Colonel and Mrs. John Roberts, presented the hospital to theUniversity, and President Hutchins accepted the noble gift.Dr. Frederic W. Schlutz, Professor of Pediatrics and Director of theHospital, gave an address on "The Significance of the Children's Hospitalin Present-Day Pediatrics," from which address the following significantparagraphs are taken :Few medical schools, indeed, enjoy equal facilities and the close physical union andcontact of the pediatric department with the other major clinical and major fundamental science departments of the University as we have presented here. It is an advantage which is immeasurable in its possibilities, and can only translate itself intoterms of exceptional value and return.From the beautiful memorial rotunda in which we are gathered radiates all of theadministrative and service equipment so essential to the efficient and successful conduct of a modern hospital. In other parts of the building are housed complete facilities for the teaching and practice of preventive pediatrics, that important developmentof our modern times, the institution to keep the well child well.The Bobs Roberts Memorial Hospital is a splendid structure and magnificentlyefficient because it embodies in detail every concept of the modern service, teaching,and research children's hospital. It forms the center from which will radiate all themajor interests of the pediatric department of this University — interests which willextend well beyond this building and will be lively within the greater University, aswell as outside of it, in any part or subject which touches child care or welfare.The magnificent institutions now in process of building immediately to the eastand the west of this structure, the orthopedic and maternity hospitals; and the proposed contagious hospital to be located just north of the Bobs Roberts Hospital willall be in some way or other intimately related to it, and will come within its sphereof activity. The same thing is true of the contemplated major development of theSchool of Education of the University. This hospital and the pediatric departmentwill not only have charge of the physical welfare of its material but will also have alively interest and take part in many of its research activities.What unexampled opportunities are presented to those of us who are charged withthe care, management, and the development of all of the interests which this institutionrepresents and the ideals for which it strives and stands. It is a sacred trust, the stewardship of which is indeed a great responsibility, but also a fine stimulus to bend withenthusiastic courage and energy to the task and to attempt to measure up to all of itsgreat possibilities.149i5o THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThen followed an address by Dr. Franklin C. McLean, Director ofUniversity Clinics, in which he said:The Bobs Roberts Memorial Hospital for Children has been designed as a hospitaland out-patient department especially for the medical care of children under the direction of expert pediatricians. As such it will be found to have every facility for thepractice of modern pediatrics. Its equipment for the care of both ambulatory and bedpatients is unsurpassed ; and, actuated by the memory of Bobs Roberts, the spirit ofthe hospital will be such as to insure that every child entering its doors will receive themost skilful and devoted attention of which its staff is capable. A guarantee of theperpetuity has been assumed by the University, and one must reflect with great emotion upon the countless children who will here be ministered to in the ages to come.As important and as stirring as this is, however, it is not the only aspect of theactivities to be carried on in this hospital, for if it were, this hospital would have noplace in a university and in a family of university clinics. Inspection of the hospitalwill reveal the fact that it contains not only facilities for the immediate care of sickchildren but also a large amount of space devoted to laboratories and classrooms, andsymbolizing the further activities to be pursued within these walls.These activities are directed toward increase in knowledge of diseases peculiar tochildhood to the end that they may be more readily prevented and more speedily andmore certainly cured, and toward improvement in the teaching of the medical andnursing care of sick children to the end that such knowledge as exists or may exist inthe future may be more rapidly disseminated and applied. Through these activities itis not too much to hope that not only the children who actually receive care in thishospital but also every child throughout the world may taste of the fruits of thismemorial to Bobs Roberts.-HzXMOwpacv.acpqpqpqO-Jc—PLwoXcHCQ-«TWO NEW BUILDINGS BEGUNEXERCISES held on April 30 and May 15 were evidence that theUniversity is passing new milestones as well as laying cornerstones. On those dates the cornerstones of the Nancy Adele McElwee Memorial and of the Gertrude Dunn Hicks Memorial, respectively,were laid with appropriate ceremony. The two buildings form the orthopedic hospital of the University, which will be operated in affiliation withthe Home for Destitute Crippled Children, a time-honored eleemosynaryinstitution which has helpfully existed for forty years. The position ofthese two hospitals in the wide-extended series of buildings devoted tomedical education and research is observable in the noteworthy illustration which appears upon another page. These buildings face the MidwayPlaisance and cover the frontage of practically three city blocks.THE NANCY ADELE McELWEE MEMORIALThe McElwee Memorial is at the corner of Fifty-ninth Street and EllisAvenue. The cornerstone ceremony brought together a small but selectattendance, consisting of the President and officers of the University,members of the faculties, Trustees, and members of the staff of the severalmedical departments.Prayer was offered by Dean Charles W. Gilkey. Dr. Nathaniel Allison,recently appointed Professor of Surgery of the University, and to serve asdirector of the hospital, made the first address in the course of which hesaid:This house is not to be an ordinary house of stone and brick used in the ordinaryway of houses. It is to be a house devoted to the care of the less fortunate in thestruggle for existence. Into these physically less fortunate children this house is tobreathe its spirit, a spirit of bravery, of self-confidence, of independence. On this joyous occasion those of us who are fortunate enough to be associated with the development of this hospital for injured and handicapped children take pause in the face ofour responsibilities. We feel in the first place a high sense of the fitness of things inthat this house is to be placed in the atmosphere of a great University. Here as neverbefore in such efforts at relief of the less fortunate will it be possible to fill the housewith a spirit of hopefulness. Self-reliance and self-development will grow best, wefeel, in this atmosphere. We are fully conscious of the gratitude which future generations of less fortunate children will bear to the woman who shall have laid this cornerstone and who has grasped the opportunity to build this house, an opportunityfreighted with high purpose.Beautiful as this building will be, admirably constructed as will be its arrange-151152 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDments, modern as will be its approach to the scientific aspect of its work, all this willbe transcended by the beauty of the spirit it is to house — the spirit of courage, self-reliance, and self-development.Not only will this building serve these children, but also it will fill a place in thegroup of University hospitals adding each year to the progress of knowledge and thetraining of minds and of hands in the care of the sick and injured. Placed as it is, thisbuilding will become a center for the investigation into the causes of disease and for thedevelopment of methods in the treatment of disease, as well as for the training of patients, of nurses, and of doctors. The destiny of this beautiful memorial thrills oursouls.Robert Franklin Carr, LL.D., president of the Board of Directors ofthe Home for Destitute Crippled Children, followed with an address inwhich he said:It is now about forty years since the Home for Destitute Crippled Children wasfounded in a small residence. The appealing nature of this important and necessarycharity soon struck a responsive chord in the minds and the hearts of Chicago people.At the very inception of the work of the Home for Destitute Crippled Children wefound the enthusiastic support and financial assistance of the Spalding family — theparents of our benefactor today, Mrs. R. Harvey McElwee. As the work on the WestSide grew and expanded, the Spalding family was constantly and increasingly helpfulin securing for the institution finer equipment and better facilities. It has always had,during the last thirty years, a group of able, energetic, farseeing women who havebeen, to a large degree, responsible for its growth, development, and success. Thecharity was considered so important for the benefit of our whole city that the SpaldingPublic School for Crippled Children was established. This school has now grown tooccupy three-quarters of the square, the remainder of the property being owned bythe Home for Destitute Crippled Children. The surgical and medical staff has alwaysconsisted of outstanding men in their several professions who have loyally devotedtheir skilful service, without compensation, to the benefit of unfortunate children.When Mrs. McElwee made the generous contribution making possible this newbeautiful building of which we are laying the cornerstone today, it meant a new and abrighter future for the institution. This building erected in conjunction with theBillings Memorial Hospital, and operated in conjunction with the Medical Department of the University of Chicago, with the fine medical service of outstanding medical scientists, with the nursing and laboratory facilities and the great equipment ofthis medical center, all under the direction of the country's outstanding orthopedicsurgeon, Dr. Nathaniel Allison, who has just joined the University staff from the Harvard Medical College, these will provide the opportunities for service far in advanceof anything we have had before.So, I congratulate Mrs. McElwee on her foresighted generosity, and I congratulatethe Home for Destitute Crippled Children on acquiring this beautiful building and therare facilities and the opportunities it will bring. I congratulate the Medical Department of the University of Chicago on adding to its great field of endeavor the work ofthis children's charitable orthopedic service, and bringing to the work here in scienceand medicine the enthusiastic support of the great group of workers and contributorsto that which I believe is Chicago's finest charity.rrr13H"l'WfJjfl»I..N*' ! I.: ¦ i: i T r Ji, 1 r it' (Hi, *** i# \V <* t: *_3 ¦ARCHITECTS' DESIGN FOR NEWIICAGO HOUSE AT LUXOR, EGYPTfi 1' ?7 Si I'llJ--- .,.-.. <•?' jri "j ¦•"j) " <&•¦• ; al'tS1 a'r CN^is* ''T ^ if i5 sis E> ¦'••.. *^^$*firrt^m^i^m^m:.. ,. frw =1 ##$pk! nam vBobs Roberts Memorial Hospital Max Epstein Clinic Albert Merritfings Hospital Gertrude Dunn Hicks MemorialTHE UNIVERSITY'S GROWING MEDICAL GROUP— E MIDWAY FRONTAGE OF CLINICS AND HOSPITALSTWO NEW BUILDINGS BEGUN *53John F. Moulds, secretary of the Board of Trustees, read a statementgiving the contents of the box deposited in the cornerstone, contents whichincluded University documents and material and special pamphlets andpublications concerned with medical work.Dr. Arthur D. Bevan, so long connected with the faculty of Rush Medical College and recognized as a leader in the medical profession, in a senserepresenting Mrs. McElwee, gave the following pertinent information concerned with the generous donor of the building:Mrs. R. Harvey McElwee has been connected with the Home for Destitute Crippled Children for thirty-six years. More than thirty years ago she built at that institution a pavilion in memory of her daughter and has taken a great interest in thesplendid work which has been done there. She has recently given $500,000 toward theconstruction of a surgical pavilion to form a part of a $6,000,000 development of themedical center of the Presbyterian Hospital and Rush Medical College of the University of Chicago. This gift is made in memory of her husband, the late R. HarveyMcElwee. The surgical pavilion toward which her gift is made is to be a part of theproposed program of building and endowing four principal departments, general medicine, general surgery, maternity cases, and the care of children. These splendid thingswhich Mrs. McElwee has done have been done in memory of her father, of her husband, and of a little child whom she mothered through a long and tragic illness.Today, we are laying the cornerstone of this fitting memorial to her daughter,Nancy Adele McElwee, who died in 1896, which she is providing for the new Homefor Destitute Crippled Children here in this great medical center of the University ofChicago on the Midway. It is Mrs. McElwee's desire, and her hope, that this hospitalfor crippled children will be conducted primarily and always for the purpose of providing these little patients with the best care and skill that modern scientific medicineand surgery can give in the effort to cure them of their deformities and relieve them ofsuffering. She also hopes that the educational and research functions of the hospitalwill be developed in the best and fullest possible way so that nurses and medical students and doctors will be trained in the latest and most successful methods Of caringfor these little crippled patients, and will carry this knowledge and this service intothe homes of the people and to other institutions.It is her hope that scientific clinical research will find here an opportunity to studythe causes and best methods of preventing and curing disease, and that in this institution new knowledge will be discovered that will prove of great service not only to thepatients of this hospital but to other little cripples everywhere throughout the world.In the orthodox fashion Mrs. McElwee then "laid" the cornerstone, hergrandniece, Mary Adele Whiting, demurely standing beside her aunt.The hospital will be six stories high, will have fifty beds and a series oflaboratories. It will form a wing of an "L" with the Gertrude Dunn HicksMemorial Hospital in connection with the Frank Billings Hospital. It hasalready nearly approached the completion of the stonework.THE GERTRUDE DUNN HICKS MEMORIALAnother step in the development of remedial orthopedic work at theUniversity was taken on May 15, 1930, when there was laid the cornerstone of the Gertrude Dunn Hicks Memorial, the second unit of the twohospitals which will be operated in affiliation and in co-operation with theHome for Destitute Crippled Children. The occasion was one to rejoicethe hearts of those who love children and of those who strive with medicine, surgery, and scientific research to alleviate suffering.Prayer was offered by Dean Shailer Mathews, of the Divinity School.Vice-President Frederic Woodward spoke as follows:The laying of a cornerstone has been such a frequent occurrence in the history ofthis young and rapidly developing University that we may be in danger of overlookingits significance. The purpose of this ceremony, rightly conceived, is not merely to celebrate the attainment of an important stage in the construction of this building ; nor isit primarily to afford an opportunity again to express our gratitude to the generouswoman of whose contribution to the work of the University this building will be anenduring monument. Our chief purpose today is to symbolize our determination tobuild well within these walls ; to establish here a foundation so broadly conceived andwisely organized, so truly dedicated to the spirit of science and to the relief of suffering, as to assure a great and lasting service to humanity.At the time when the plans for this medical school were under consideration bythe University, no one suggested, so far as I know, that particular emphasis should belaid upon the care and study of little children. Certainly no one dared to dream thatin a few short years there would be here assembled such a splendid group of hospitalsfor children as we now see rising before our eyes. The Bobs Roberts Memorial Hospital is already caring for patients and will be formally dedicated at the JuneConvocation. The walls of the Chicago Lying-in Hospital are nearly complete. Andnow we are pushing forward as rapidly as possible this orthopedic hospital, whichwill be furnished with the best obtainable equipment for its purpose. When all of thesehospitals are fully staffed and in operation, we shall have in them, and in the CountryHome for Convalescent Children, facilities for the medical and surgical treatment ofchildren and for research in the problems of the ills of children which are unsurpassed.This hospital will be operated under an affiliation agreement with the Home forCrippled Children, one of the strongest and finest institutions of philanthropy in thecfty. We are happy to be joined with Mr. Carr and his associates in this adventure,and we pledge to them our heartiest co-operation. We are happy, also, in having beenfortunate enough to secure, as Professor of Orthopedics and Chief of the Surgical Staffof the hospital, a man who is not only an acknowledged leader in his field but whosefine personal qualities will contribute largely to the maintenance of a spirit of sympathy and co-operation throughout the institution — Dr. Nathaniel Allison. We arehappy, most of all, in the earnest hope that as a result of the intelligent generosity ofMrs. Hicks, of the faithful service of the members of our staff, and of the training that154TWO NEW BUILDINGS BEGUN 155will here be given to young physicians and students of medicine, hundreds and thousands of children, for generation after generation, may be relieved of suffering and setwith shining faces on the road to useful and happy lives.We congratulate you, Mrs. Hicks, upon the insight as well as the generosity whichled you to become a partner in this enterprise. I am sure it will bring you the greatestsatisfaction and happiness. I pledge you our best thought and our strongest effort tothe end that your high purpose, which is our purpose as well, shall be faithfully carried out.Robert Franklin Carr, president of the Board of Directors of the Homefor Destitute Crippled Children, spoke of the beneficent work of the homeas he did on the occasion of the ceremony attending the laying of the cornerstone described above. He said:For many years the worthy charity carried on at the home has had the enthusiasticsupport of Mrs. Gertrude D. Hicks. She has watched with great interest the expansion of the work of the home and its development from the small residential buildingto the rather extensive group of buildings and facilities on the West Side. Through theinfluence of such fine citizens as Mrs. Hicks, Mrs. McElwee, and Mrs. George M.Reynolds, a fine group of influential ladies has been associated behind this institution,and it is, in a large measure, through their able, generous, and constant work that thischarity has so well met the needs of the city in the past and has brought to the homesuch a generous response.The surgical and medical staff has always consisted of outstanding men in their professions and has loyally devoted skilful service, without compensation, for the benefitof unfortunate children.When Mrs. Hicks made this generous contribution, making possible this new beautiful building of which we are laying the cornerstone today, it meant a new and abrighter future for the institution. Having this new building erected in conjunctionwith the Billings Memorial Hospital, and operated in conjunction with the MedicalDepartment of the University of Chicago, will give us the fine medical service of anoutstanding group of medical scientists, with the nursing and the laboratory facilitiesand the great equipment of this medical center. Under the direction of the country'soutstanding orthopedic surgeon, Dr. Allison, the home will have opportunities forservice far in advance of anything it has had before.I congratulate Mrs. Hicks on her foresighted generosity, and I congratulate theHome for Destitute Crippled Children on acquiring this beautiful building and therare facilities and the opportunities it will bring. I congratulate the Medical Department of the University of Chicago in adding to its great field of endeavor the work ofthis children's charitable orthopedic service and adding to the work here in scienceand medicine the enthusiastic support of the great group of workers and contributors to what I believe is Chicago's finest charity.Secretary Moulds read the long list of documents, photographs, andother material placed within the copper cornerstone box. Mrs. Hicksspread the mortar on the stone, it was lowered into place, and the hum ofthe workmen's tools and the creak of the derricks once more began, evenmore audibly than when addresses were being delivered.EN ROUTETHE JOHN BILLINGS FISKE PRIZE POEMSBy ALICE WINIFRED FINNEGANCommittee of Award: Professor Robert Morss Lovett, of the Department of English; Thornton Wilder, author of The Bridge of San Luis Rey; and George Dillon,author of Boy in the Wind and former associate editor of the magazine, Poetry. Theannouncement of the winner of the prize was made at the June Convocation. Thiswas the eleventh competition for the prize, which was established by Horace SpencerFiske in memory of his father, John Billings Fiske, an honor graduate of Union College, Schenectady, New York.THE COLLOQUY"Pain is money in hand, but not in the pocketFor hoarding or lending,This new-minted coinage of tissue and socketIs ripe for the spending.""Well — let the Soul regard with tranquil eyesWhat this her preyThe Body earned before, perplexed, unwise,She went her way.""O but what timeless purchase shall be madeWorth this for barter,That the dumb Soul stood in the Body's shadeAnd was its martyr?"O grieving flesh, incorrigibly loathTo suffer — uncompanionable child,Are we undone by an ambiguous oathAnd both beguiled?DIMIDIUM ANIMAE MEAEPeace folds her wings within your quiet mind,And you inhabit silence like a tower;Secure from wrath and the tumultuous showerOf unripe joys that leave dismay behind.Seeking your rose of solitude for dower,My lordless thoughts, unruly as the sands,Make pilgrimage to you, and at your handsLook to receive the fair, unwithering flower.156EN ROUTE 157We are divorced from fortune, you and I,Alike in patient thought as one could find,And I admire that, being of one kind,I could ask anything and you deny.Since, then, you take my quiet if you go,Regard my tossed heart, lest your own be so.ONCEWhen she had come, my swiftly winging thoughtsWent circling round her brow like little birds,Within the singing cadence of her speechI heard the music only, not the words.And all the time that she was standing thereMy thoughts were gayly roving, up and downAmong the tender shadows of her hairAnd in the fragrant ripples of her gown.HAYDN SYMPHONY, THIRD MOVEMENTFlowering phrase! not timorous of errorAs doubtful acts wait for a life's reply —These notes will have their answer ere they dieIn music by whose sureness life grows fairer.Mind, will you have this answer, gravely spokenWhile six slow notes resolve the flutes' unease,And spent wills seizeSwift mending for the Spartan vows so lingeringly broken?"Friendship's a fugitive and love a question?"— Now you grow strange, and fail, and answer oddlyIn two dim chords that are not silenced soon;There is no comfort, sir, in all these godlyAnd minor suppositions in the bass ;— No certainty, but so extreme a graceAs passes for the lost and fallen meetnessOf notes I quelled my quick thoughts to attend.The answer fails,But meanwhile here's a tuneTo set a slow life to, and so with sweetnessDisarm its end.CONVOCATIONTHE One Hundred and Sixtieth Convocation was held in the University Chapel on Tuesday, June 10, 1930, in fact, was heldtwice, as the number of graduates was so large that it was necessary to confer the degrees upon the students of the graduate and professional schools in the morning and upon the students of the colleges in theafternoon.President Hutchins, instead of a formal quarterly statement, this yeargave an address which considered certain problems in education particularly as they were applicable to the University:SOME EDUCATIONAL QUESTIONSI make no apology for asking the members of the graduating class to considerbriefly one or two educational questions. Aside from the fact that many of you aregoing to be teachers, you are now highly educated. And, what is more important formy purposes, you are probably thinking today more intently about education thanyou ever have before or ever will again. While you are in this propitious frame ofmind therefore, I cannot refrain from taking advantage of you to discuss some thingsabout education that may perplex you, and that have certainly perplexed your instructors.In a university the broad general problem of education is the adjustment of theinstitution to the individual. We find this problem in a more or less acute form withfaculty members, graduate and professional students, and undergraduates. It seemsto arise with all of these groups because of the number of individuals with whom wehave to deal. Under a rule legally enforced until a few years ago, and enforced throughtradition in too many sections of this University today, every member of the facultyhad to teach two majors a quarter. It made no difference whether he was a goodteacher, or whether there were two majors he could teach, or whether there were anystudents who wanted to be taught either of the two majors. He taught two majorsa quarter. The result was, and in some cases still is, that men who should have taughtmore taught too little ; men who should have taught less taught too much ; and courseafter course sprang up with no better reason for existence than that everybody had toteach two majors and there had to be two majors for him to teach. The two-majorrule may have been a convenient method of being sure that you got something froma faculty that was growing so rapidly that you could not deal with individuals ; it canhardly be recommended on any other ground.THE UNIVERSITY AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONIn some divisions of the University there has been a feeling more potent than arule, that distinction in research in subject matter should be the sole prerequisite torecognition in any university. This seems to me to overlook the fact that a universityis an educational institution. I do not say it ought to be ; I say it is. Since it is, it1S8CONVOCATION 159should, I suppose, attempt to do the best job in education that it can. Unless peoplewho are interested in education can believe that their interest will lead to advancement,they will not retain it long, and the education administered will be mediocre at best.Of course it is a fair question whether a university ought to be an educational institution. Perhaps it ought to be a research institution. But the change in title is not important for a university like this. If the purpose of a university is inquiry, it willhardly be able to avoid inquiry into education, one of the most significant activitiesof mankind. An inquiry into education will show on the college and university levelthat most of its major problems — whom to teach, how to teach, and what to teach —are still unsolved. Since it is doubtful if they can be solved by arm-chair meditation,it follows that a complete collegiate organization is necessary in the university for thestudy of these problems as they present themselves in real life.This is particularly true here, for we are surrounded by other universities not sofree to experiment as we are, which look to Chicago to show the way. We shall notlong be able to do so unless we are willing to differentiate the individuals on our staff,to provide different kinds of opportunity for different men, to adjust the content andamount of each scholar's work to his individual capacity, and to reward him for contributing to our knowledge of education as we should reward him if he contributedto our knowledge of any other subject.In dealing with students, the same lack of adjustment of the university to the individual appears, and apparently for the same reason: there are so many of themthat to deal with them at all we have to deal with them as though they were identical.Professional work may well be started, presumably, at the end of a good general education. But we have assumed first that all of college work was general education, andsecond that the longer a man stayed in college the better his education was. And consequently, in the effort to get better students in professional schools, we have constantly raised the number of years in college required for entrance to them. But itmust be clear that the great advantage of the graduate professional school is not inthe maturity of students, or in the preparation of students, but in the segregation ofstudents. Segregation into a serious professional group has turned many a collegiateloafer into a first-rate professional man. But it has in many professions extended theperiod of training to quite disproportionate lengths. The graduates of some of the so-called best law schools cannot start practice before they are twenty-five ; and the graduates of some medical schools of the same grade cannot begin to earn a living untilthey are past twenty-seven. It has never been established that there was anythingmystical about these particular ages or this particular background. Whether four yearsof strenuous attention to football and fraternities is the ideal preparation for the studyof law, for instance, has never been seriously investigated. In the effort to find an arbitrary automatic yardstick that would have the effect of reducing numbers and producing a homogeneous group, we have required and have sometimes succeeded ingetting embalmed in law mere temporal qualifications that have small relation to individual competence.COLLEGE YEARS AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLSAnd since we have had no standard in some professional schools but the numberof college years, we have felt that the larger that number the higher our standard. Ihave always been interested in the discussions of law-school deans, to observe theembarrassed blushes of one of them when he discovered that another school of whichi6o THE UNIVERSITY RECORDhe had not hitherto had much opinion actually had higher standards, by which hemeant longer collegiate requirements, than his own. About the only way in which alaw school could attain prestige and aspire to leadership was to require more, not better, but more college work of all, not some, but all its prospective students. And so, between our desire for a simple test of qualifications for entrance and our desire forprestige we have committed ourselves in some institutions to a system of pre-profes-sional requirements which diminishes the student's opportunities without necessarilyproducing counterbalancing benefits to him, to the community, or to us.The student who plans to be a college teacher or a research worker suffers from thesame failure of the university to adjust itself to the individual that is represented byarbitrary entrance requirements, and from something more. The professional studentgenerally plans to enter the profession, and the curriculum is designed with that inmind. Although most graduate students plan to enter a profession, their curriculum isnot designed with that in mind. Their course of study is of the same type whetherthey intend to be college teachers or research workers or both. Since there are greatunsolved problems in college teaching, it would seem that those who know they aregoing into it might learn something about them before they go. Since the man who isgoing to be primarily a research worker needs primarily training in research work, itwould seem that the more of such work and the fewer formal courses he had the better prepared he would be.Here again the remorseless uniformity of our method of treatment seems to resultfrom the colossal number of graduate students. The activities of the standardizingagencies have made it necessary for the colleges to require graduate work of theirteachers. The graduate schools have therefore been swamped with hordes of peoplewhose principal object was the acquisition of some sort of insignia that would enablethem to get a better teaching position than they would otherwise secure. I do not saythat this is not a laudable object. I merely say that frank recognition of the fact thatthis is their object may lead us to inquire whether graduate schools exist to help themto accomplish it, and, if so, whether we can find some way of helping them to accomplish it without ruining the researches of our professors and damaging the education of research workers. If we conclude, as I think we should at the University ofChicago, that we have some obligation to influence higher education in the MiddleWest through the intelligent preparation of excellent teachers, then we must differentiate among the individuals who come to us for graduate work, giving to each the opportunity he desires and for which he is qualified, and attempting to prevent the curriculum of one group from definitively molding the curriculum of the other.NEW ADJUSTMENTSOf course the adjustment of the university to the individual in the graduate andprofessional school depends on this adjustment at an earlier period. If the chief advantage of graduate professional study of any kind is segregation into a serious professional group, the question arises whether the same attitude can ever be secured in acollegiate group. Although I doubt if it can ever be completely secured, it would appear that a considerable number of things could be done that would bring us closerto it. The prosperity of the country, the supposed social and commercial advantagesof college life, and the requirements of the professions and the professional schoolshave brought us tremendous quantities of college students. They all enter in the sameway and, after accumulating the same number of credits with the same minimumCONVOCATION 161scholastic average, are sent forth as educated people. It is difficult to believe thatthey all have the same ability or the same preparation or the same degree of interestin educating themselves. And by insisting, for reasons of convenience, that they all bereduced to the same mathematical formula, we have doubtless done something to defeat what interest and ability they had. In a law school of which I was once the dean,we had to buy an adding machine to determine whether our students graduated. Theyhad to have a weighted average of sixty-five or seventy-two points. The calculationsinvolved in the process of deciding whether they were educated so far surpassed theabilities of the dean and even of the registrar that we had to resort to mechanicalmethods of ascertaining their intellectual equipment. The whole system was justifiedby the conviction that we could not do anything else with so many students, and thesame excuse serves to justify the bookkeeping methods by which today most collegesdetermine the degree of education their students have achieved. Our whole system isset up for the average student, with the result that in any well-organized college thereprobably is not a single regulation governing the curriculum that a really excellentstudent should not break. Whatever one's view of a university, one may well doubtthe value of such restriction. If a university is an educational institution, should it notgive its finest opportunities to its best students? And if a university is a research institution inquiring into education, can it hope to develop inquirers or develop inquiries under a system that inhibits both initiative and experiment? A universitywhich aims to forward inquiry is naturally concerned about the production of men andwomen competent in and devoted to such inquiry. No one can be long in universitywork without becoming aware of the present scarcity of such individuals. Althoughthe low level of faculty salaries is undoubtedly in large part responsible, there is another factor at work, and that is the method and content of collegiate instruction.Many people go to college with a real and even remarkable excitement about scholarship. Still more could be excited if they could believe that there was anything important or vital in what the scholar does. In far too many cases this present or potentialexcitement dies in the face of the peculiarities of the American collegiate system. Thefirst duty of a college in a university is to organize itself so that a student who wishesto become a scholar will not have insuperable obstacles put in his path.NUMBERS AND STANDARDSSuch organization in both the university and college is not as impossible as it mayappear. It does not necessarily follow that as numbers rise standards must fall. Inmany places as numbers have risen standards have fallen. But this is rather becausewe have not had time to think than because of any inevitable connection betweennumbers and standards. If we had time to think about education instead of beingforced to provide something that would look like it for the multitudes who suddenlydemanded it, we should direct our attention in the first instance to the achievements ofindividuals. In order to test those achievements we should have worked out criteriaapplicable at the various levels. Instead of asking how many years in high school astudent had had, we should determine what kind of training we should require for entrance to a college. We should next have to determine what accomplishments a manleaving the junior college should possesss to show that he has finished his generalhigher education. As a person sought entrance to the university for either senior college or professional and graduate work, he should be required to submit evidence ofhis power to deal with it, and should be graduated only after he had met tests indicat-l62 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDing that he had the knowledge and ability that reflected the criteria previously established for graduation.You will say that this is exactly what is done at the present time. At every stagestudents are required to submit evidence of their previous training, showing eitherthat they are ready to go on with their education or that it is complete. The troubleis that all this is stated in terms of what a student has been through instead of in termsof what he has learned and what he can do. We have been unwilling to go behind therecord. We take that record with its courses and grades, forgetting that these giveslight indication of the permanent information or inspiration derived from the schooling they represent. We have talked in the language of time, forgetting that we musttherefore talk of the average student and that, by insisting on temporal requirements,we do our best to compel the best students to be average too.The time that is wasted by good men and women through this insistence on timespent as the principal indication of intellectual attainment is enormous. Particularlydoes this waste occur in the process of passing from one institution to another, wherethe high school duplicates the grades, the college duplicates the high school, and theuniversity duplicates the college. If it is impossible to articulate the grades, the highschool, the college, and the graduate and professional school by general categoricalrules, it ought to be possible to articulate them by articulating the work of the individual. In the college and university if we develop first the criteria of entrance to andcompletion of general higher education, if we then develop the criteria of entrance toand completion of non-professional and professional specialized education, and if weat each stage employ general examinations with such other devices as may be necessary to be taken by the student when in his opinion he is ready for them, we eliminatefor any given individual the loss of time and the loss of initiative which at presentcurse our educational system. If then an individual remains at any level longer thanthe average student, it will be because he needs to remain there ; if he goes on earlier,it will be because he is qualified to go on.EDUCATION A HARD JOBSuch a system, eliminating or minimizing course examinations, course credits,course grades, and time requirements, is open to two serious objections. In the firstplace, the educational criteria and the testing devices to which I have glibly referredare difficult to work out. But this amounts simply to saying that education is a hardjob and a good deal harder than we may have thought. Since we must admit that ourpresent methods are defective, we shall have to admit that we should exert what intelligence we have to improve them. The successful installation of such a scheme, orof a better one designed to accomplish the same objectives, will require long and painstaking thought. But thought is what education today requires ; and if we are in education, it is our business to put it forth.In the second place some such system as I have suggested, since it places the responsibility for his education on the student, must carry with it some arrangementwhereby the student may enjoy intimate relations with instructors in fields in whichhe needs and demands them. The adjustment of the university to the individual cannot proceed on any other basis. This raises at once an economic problem. No matterhow many controlled experiments may seem to suggest the contrary, we shall alwayshave a vague feeling that individual instruction of the poorest students by the bestteachers will be better for the student than mass instruction by the same or poorerCONVOCATION 163teachers. But we simply can't afford to deal with our poorest students that way.There aren't enough good teachers to go around ; why should we wear them out in thehope of rescuing a few men and women who at best will never do more than take aharmless place in the community ? If we can afford individualized instruction at all,we can afford it first for those who can profit by it most and who will most amplyrepay the effort and expense devoted to them. The question before any university,therefore, is not whether individualized education is desirable, but whether the university, in view of the other demands upon it, can afford to give individualized educationat all. Still, if we take the large lecture course as a base and select from it only thosewho are particularly interesting and qualified for more individual instruction, withoutassuming the necessity of small classes and quiz sections in all courses for all students,we can accomplish everything I have in mind without additions to our faculties. Andwhen we are ready to concede that even some Freshmen in some fields are able to learnsomething by themselves and are likely to develop powers of independent thoughtand effort only as we permit them to do independent work, we shall again revise ournotions of the number of professors that a given number of students require for thebest development of their individual talents.By much thought and much patience, therefore, in spite of the economic problemand the present vagueness of the criteria we must ascertain, we may in some suchways as these adjust the university to the individual and the individual to the university. In some such ways as these we may make the college a place for the explorationof the realms of knowledge and the university a place for the beginning of a life oflearning and inquiry. Then perhaps even the learned professions may become learned.And we may produce a generation more educated than our own and individuals bettereducated than ourselves.The "finals" of the quarter included the customary athletic and socialevents, receptions, class reunions, and alumni meetings. Early in the evening of Saturday, June 7, the alumni assembly was held with addresses byPresident Hutchins, and Vice-President Woodward, and Walter L. Hudson; and later came the unique "University Sing," with hundreds of fraternity students and alumni marching and singing while thousands ofspectators thronged Hutchinson Court to see and to applaud.Dean Gilkey conducted the convocation prayer service on Sundaymorning, June 8, and also preached the convocation sermon. Class-Dayexercises were held on Monday, June 9. The reception was on Mondayevening in Hutchinson Hall as usual. Alumni Day, the exercises of whichwere under the direction of Arthur C. Cody, brought to the Quadranglesformer graduates from near and far.KING SARGON'S BULLTHE plains of Texas are not the only place whence cattle areshipped to Chicago. Recently from Mesopotamia, that land between the Tigris and the Euphrates where the Garden of Eden issaid to have been located and British armies, during the European war,marched and suffered, there was shipped a remarkable specimen from aherd of "prize cattle." It is nothing other than a thirty-ton bull, fifteenfeet high and fifteen feet long. Thanks to the work of Dr. Edward Chiera,of the Oriental Institute, who will be remembered as a speaker at the Faculty dinner in October, 1928, there has been recovered from the ruins ofthe palace of Sargon, ancient king of Assyria, at Khorsabad, portions of acarved limestone representation of an animal which doubtless was one oftwo which stood at the gateway of the palace, an animal with a humanhead, an eagle's wings, and a bull's body.Sargon reigned some 2,600 years ago, and his palace, what remains ofit, therefore is as old as some of the temples which still remain standing onthe banks of the Nile. Unfortunately, it has been covered by the accumulating debris of the centuries. This covering, after all, perhaps was fortunate, otherwise the stones, like those, for instance, which composed thetemple at Heliopolis, near Cairo, would have been burned into lime, orused like "Imperial Caesar, dead and turned" to lime to "stop a hole, tokeep the wind away" in the home of some heedless native. The palace, whenit stood in its glory, was impressive in extent. Solomon's temple wouldhave been insignificant compared with it. It must have equaled some ofthe largest of the marvelous temples of the Egyptian Pharaohs.Dr. Chiera learned from a local native that there might be worth-whilediscoveries in the neighborhood of Khorsabad where French excavatorsabout 1850 had uncovered the remains of the palace. He investigated theancient mound. As a result of his initial survey and subsequent labors,there were brought to light several inscriptions, many clay tablets and relief sculptures, and eventually the remains of the great bull which, untilthe Oriental Museum is completed, ignominiously will lie rather thanstand under the grandstands at Stagg Field.In removing the masses of earth which covered the sculptured walls ofthe palace workmen at length came to parts of the bull. The body hadfallen on its side, but the feet and legs were standing up. Its great body isrevealed in the accompanying illustrations. Dr. Chiera and the Oriental164KING SARGON'S BULL 165Institute through Dr. Breasted decided that the old fellow should be sentto Chicago. And then came the task of getting him from the land of Sargon to the field of Stagg. Digging the beast out of the sand was quiteeasy compared with the difficulties of shipping it from a land where areto be found no derrick capable of lifting a locomotive or cement roadson which a ponderous truck might roll; a country where planks cannot berequisitioned out of a neighboring lumberyard. Ten-ton stones were carried on a three-ton truck. Carpenters, blacksmiths, and porters at lengthpacked eighty-five boxes of the fragments; they were transported twelvemiles to the Tigris, down the Tigris to Bosra, and thence on an oceangoing steamer they came to the United States. A special route from NewYork to Chicago was made necessary by the size of the boxes containingthe bull, which had to be routed so as to avoid tunnels.Once the bull is installed at Fifty-eighth Street and University Avenue,to paraphrase Napoleon's address to his soldiers before the Pyramids, centuries of history will look down on University Freshmen when Sargon'sbull rests his stony glance upon their wondering faces.THE RENAISSANCE SOCIETY OFTHE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGOREPORT OF THE SEASON 1929-30By HUGH S. MORRISON, Secretary^~~| ^HE formation of the Renaissance Society was initiated by itsI president emeritus, J. Spencer Dickerson, and the society wasJL founded by a group of University men in 191 5. It is gratifyingthat this season, which marks the fifteenth anniversary of the society, hasbeen so successful a one.The response of the community to the society's activities is seen in thesteady increase in membership, from 220 to 383 in the last two years.There are now fourteen life-members and forty sustaining members. During the year from October to May nearly five thousand visitors attendedthe exhibitions in Wieboldt Hall, which were open only three hours dailyduring the time they were on display. About sixteen hundred personscame to lectures offered by the society, while the attendance at the informal book talks, a new venture this year, increased from twenty-five toabout one hundred during the course of the season.In the May issue of the bulletin of the society, the directors reportedthe following expressions of appreciation from some of those to whom theactivities of the society are most significant:The Renaissance Society has contributed notably to the cultivation of an intelligent interest in the fine arts in the University community. Handicapped by the lackof quarters and facilities, it has carried on for fifteen years with admirable spirit andexcellent results. In the splendid new art building which the gift of Mr. and Mrs. MaxEpstein has assured us, the society will find suitable headquarters, and with the expected development of our Art Department, its opportunities for usefulness will begreatly increased. — Robert M. Hutchins, PresidentThe exhibitions and lectures provided by the Renaissance Society this year haveenriched our teaching and quickened the interest of our students. We look forwardto the continued aid of the society in the development of the work of the Institute ofFine Arts. — John Shapley, Chairman of the Department of ArtThe Renaissance Society has made notable contributions in creating among thepeople of Chicago a deep interest in, and an increasing knowledge of, art. Its variousexhibitions have been of great educational value, and its lectures and printed matterhave been both interesting and stimulating. — Max EpsteinThe exhibitions of the Renaissance Society have been one of the most interesting166THE RENAISSANCE SOCIETY 167developments in the fine arts field in connection with any American university. — Robert B. Harshe, Director of the Art InstituteThe Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago has in its brief existence established itself as an outpost of the art world of Chicago. Works of art which couldbe seen only in museums or in private collections or in downtown galleries are nowbeing brought to the very doorstep of the University student. Especially has the society been alert to contemporary painting and sculpture, enlivening its walls with thevibrant activities of art today. All this is in trend with the awakening in universities ofa closer association with the humanities. It is one with the agitation for lay courses inmusic appreciation — in the establishment of lecture foundations on the quadrangles —in the belief that the fine arts is the real wealth which should enrich a student's life.Imbued with this spirit, and believing that the proper study of art is from works ofart themselves, the Renaissance Society is presenting in Wieboldt Hall a series ofnoteworthy exhibitions whose impress is being felt not only in university circles butin the larger world without. — Rue Carpenter (Mrs. John Alden Carpenter), President of the Arts Club of ChicagoThe program of the last year which has elicited such favorable commenthas consisted of the following events:Lectures: Professor John Manly, "Certain Aspects of Medieval Life"; ProfessorJohn Shapley, "Medieval Illumination"; Mrs. Thomas Munro, "El Greco and HisInfluence on Modern Art"; M. Numa Patlagean, "Morphology"; Mr. Daniel Rich,"Delacroix, the Hero of Painting" ; Mr. Wilford S. Conrow, "Proportion in Natureand Art"; Mr. Thornton Wilder, "Three English Letter- Writers: Horace Walpole,William Cowper, and Edward Fitzgerald"; Mr. Morris Topchevsky, "ContemporaryArt in Mexico."Exhibitions: Medieval Manuscripts and Documents, arranged by Professor J. M.Manly; Prints and Drawings by French and American Artists, arranged by MissAlice Roullier; A Collection of Medieval Illuminations, loaned and arranged by Mr.C. L. Ricketts ; Modern French Paintings, arranged by the Chester Johnson Galleries ;Religious Art from the Fourth Century to the Present Time, loaned by Chicago collectors ; Paintings by Chicago Artists, selected from the Art Institute's Chicago Artists'Exhibition ; Modern European and Antique Oriental Art, loaned by members of theSociety ; Contemporary Art in Mexico, arranged by Mr. Morris Topchevsky.Book-talks and other events: "Modigliani," Mrs. Eve Watson Schutze; "Picasso,Matisse, and the French Tradition," Frances Foy Dalstrom ; a reception for Mr. andMrs. Max Epstein and Mr. and Mrs. John Shapley by the society; a visit to theRicketts exhibition of illuminations conducted by Mr. Ricketts and Mr. and Mrs.Jasper King ; "Aesthetic Judgment," Miss Alice Roullier ; a visit to the private collection in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Walter S. Brewster; "Art in the Education ofthe Young in Germany," in Baroness von Miltitz ; "The Layman's Pleasure in Modern Art," Mrs. John Nef.Supplementing the exhibitions were case-exhibits arranged in the table-cases of the exhibition room, intended to develop the points suggested inthe current exhibition through the display of books, prints, and other material interesting as corollary or contrast to the larger works exhibited.Exhibition catalogues were issued in connection with four of the majori68 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDdisplays. Another phase of the "educational" work of the society was themaintenance of a bulletin board of current events in the art world, reviews,newspaper clippings, etc., helping the members to keep in touch withevents of interest and importance. Bulletins of the work and plans of thesociety were issued in November and May.At the annual meeting of the society on May 13, 1930, at which Mr.Thornton Wilder was the speaker and guest, the officers of the last seasonwere re-elected, and new members added to the Board of Directors: Officers: president, Mrs. Martin Schiitze; vice-presidents, Mr. William J.Mather and Mrs. Henry G. Gale; secretary, Mr. Hugh S. Morrison; treasurer, Mr. Lyman R. Flook; Board of Directors: James H. Breasted,George E. Downing, Mrs. Frank L. B. Jenney, Miss Florence Lowden,Robert M. Lovett, Mrs. Albert A. Michelson, Mrs. John Nef, Mrs. William A. Nitze, Ferdinand Schevill, John Shapley, Miss Laura Van Pap-pelendam, Frederic Woodward; honorary directors: Miss Florence Bart-lett, Mrs. Max Epstein, Mrs. Robert M. Hutchins, Mrs. Charles L.Hutchinson, Mrs. Harry Pratt Judson, Mrs. Frank R. Lillie, Mrs. MartinA. Ryerson.Plans for the work of the society for the next season are under way.Tentative arrangements have been made for ten lectures and book-talksand seven exhibitions. The most important of these will be an exhibitionof religious art to be held during Lent. The special committee arrangingthis exhibition will be: Mrs. C. J. Bulliet, Mr. Frederic C. Bartlett, Mrs.John Alden Carpenter, Mrs. Howard Cunningham, Mr. J. Spencer Dick-erson, Mrs. Henry G. Gale, Mr. Charles Gilkie, Mr. John A. Holabird,Mrs. Robert M. Hutchins, Mrs. Frank R. Lillie, Mr. W. J. Mather, Mr.Shailer Mathews, Mrs. Albert A. Michelson, Mrs. John Nef, Miss AliceRoullier, Mr. Philip M. Maher, Mrs. Martin Schiitze, Mr. John Shapley,Mr. Thomas E. Tallmadge, Miss Laura Van Pappelendam, Mr. Von Og-den Vogt, Mr. Thornton Wilder, and Mr. Harold R. Willoughby. Duringthe summer, the Department of Art will take over the society's work, anda few exhibitions will be arranged as occasion offers. The new season willopen in October with a banquet for members and friends in celebration ofthe fifteenth anniversary of the society.NEW BUILDINGS OF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTEBy CHARLES BREASTEDDESIGNED by the same firm of architects responsible for its majestic neighbor, the new Oriental Institute Building now beingerected at the southeast corner of Fifty-eighth Street and University Avenue will echo the Elizabethan Gothic style of the Chapel, towhich it will be appropriately subordinated by the graduated arrangement of its floors. Its south elevation, faintly suggesting a cloister with alow-pitched roof line, will be only one story in height. The east side, however, will rise two floors, while the west side, extending 160 feet alongUniversity Avenue, and the north or entrance side, stretching 210 feetalong Fifty-eighth Street and forming the fagade of the building, will riseto three floors. The quadrangle thus formed will surround a court, to betreated as a formal oriental garden where will be displayed larger sculptures from the Institute's excavations in the Near East.Except for an unusually attractive lecture-hall on the west side, seating about 250 people, the entire main floor will be devoted to exhibition halls for the display of the collections formerly housed in HaskellMuseum, and of the constantly growing accessions from the Institute'sexpeditions. The second floor will house the Institute's administration,editorial, and Faculty offices, museum accession and secretary's rooms,classrooms, a common-room, and a library reading-room (west wing) withraftered ceiling two floors in height. On the third floor will be housed theAssyrian Dictionary project, and additional offices for Faculty, Fellows,and returning field men. The basement will contain the museum's preparatory laboratory and workshop, photographic laboratory, and generous storage space for field materials, and for antiquities of scientific ratherthan exhibition value.In this new headquarters building will be continued the Institute's homeresearches, and here will be focused the activities and results of its far-flung field expeditions now working in Turkey (Anatolia) , Iraq, Palestine,Egypt, and latterly in Cyprus — projects which themselves are now engaged in the construction of fieldhouses or headquarters. The largest ofthese is that of the Luxor Epigraphic and Architectural Survey Expedition, which was inaugurated in 1924-25 under the field directorship of169170 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDProfessor Harold H. Nelson (Ph.D., Chicago '13), with the constructionof a fifteen-room mud-brick house on the west bank of the Nile at Thebes.In the space of six years this house with its staff of two in addition to Dr.Nelson has grown from four to nearly eighty rooms all told, with a European household of some twenty-five people. In the University Record forApril appeared as frontispiece a striking reproduction of a photograph ofChicago House.A PERMANENT BUILDING ON THE BANK OF THE NILEThe Institute's work in Egypt has proved itself a permanent thing, andit therefore became necessary to plan for a building of permanent construction which should not only house this particular expedition butserve as a general headquarters for all the Institute's projects in Egypt,supplanting the old building known as Chicago House. In anticipationof extending its work to Karnak on the east bank of the Nile before completing the epigraphic record of the temple of Medinet Habu on the westbank, and for reasons of general convenience, the Institute in 1929 arranged for the purchase of an admirable site of three and one-half acresfacing the Nile on the east bank between Karnak and Luxor. On thisland ground was broken in May, 1930, for the erection of a new headquarters of permanent construction. This will be composed of three unitsin California-Spanish style, harmonizing particularly well with the semi-tropical vegetation at Luxor. Library, offices, studies, and drafting-roomsare to be in one building, connected by an arcade with the residence building which will serve as living-quarters for the staff. Both of these buildings will contain a court or patio. An outbuilding at the rear will containthe garage, darkroom, workshops, and servants' quarters.Effort will be made to render the grounds attractive by the plantingof trees and the inclusion of two tennis courts. The grounds will be surrounded by a wall. The name "Chicago House" is to be retained for theold house until it is demolished but is not to be carried over to the newbuilding, for which a name has not yet been selected. The plans forthe new units were prepared by Messrs. L. LeGrande Hunter and Laurence C. Woolman, two young architects who joined the Institute upontheir graduation as honor men from the University of Pennsylvania Schoolof Architecture in June, 1929. Mr. Hunter is architect in charge of theactual construction, contracts for which specify completion by May, 1931.The Institute's receipt during the last winter of funds for the publication of the magnificent Old Kingdom wall reliefs in the mastaba tombs ofSakkara, on the edge of the western desert, about fourteen miles fromCairo, involves the construction there of a small mud-brick house for the#•I£ >' »' ^ 'feJS!L:.:;i,^**- * V- \IFH:'-i '^Sifr" ¦"88%*>r^r^/v»* "VNEW BUILDINGS OF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE 171field director, Mr. Prentice Duell, and his staff of two assistants. It is estimated that this project will require about five years.Because it faces another eight or ten years' work to complete the clearance of the Mound of Megiddo (the ancient Armageddon) the Institutefound it necessary almost to double the size of the Megiddo ExpeditionHouse in Palestine. This addition will have been completed by July, 1930.BETWEEN THE TIGRIS AND THE EUPHRATESIn April, 1930, the Institute's Iraq Expedition completed its secondsuccessful season in Assyria at Khorsabad, where a native dwelling hasARCHITECTS' SKETCH OF THE IRAQ EXPEDITION FIELD HOUSEAT TELL-ASMARbeen transformed into a fieldhouse. This headquarters is about 200 milesnorth of Baghdad. In Babylonia the Iraq expedition has been granted theconcession to excavate no less than four sites grouped about a point calledTell-Asmar, east of the Tigris some thirty miles north of Baghdad. Herethe expedition is building a mud-brick field headquarters whose plan comprises two adjoining rectangles surrounding two courts in style reminiscent of the old Assyrian. During that portion of the winter most favorablefor digging in this vicinity, the building will serve as general headquartersfor the excavation of the four ancient sites at and near Tell-Asmar. Forthe remainder of the season the expedition will shift northward to Khorsabad. Tell-Asmar House is scheduled for completion by autumn, 1930.[See article in this issue on "King Sargon's Bull."]The Institute is being granted a concession by the Cyprus government172 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDto excavate the Acropolis of Amathus at the western end of the south coastof the island, where the Institute hopes to find evidences of links betweenancient Cretan civilization to the west and ancient Anatolian or Hittiteto the north. This new project again involves the construction of a smallfieldhouse as headquarters for the Cyprus Expedition during the three tofive years it will probably require to complete the excavation.Since fortunately a number of the Institute's projects have not requiredfieldhouses, the buildings listed in the foregoing do not represent its entire program of research at home and abroad. But even in the light of theprojects here referred to, the importance of the new Oriental InstituteBuilding at Chicago becomes strikingly apparent. The influence of theUniversity, reaching out through these remote outposts created by the Institute, is impossible to calculate. The laying of the cornerstone of thebeautiful new Palestine Museum at Jerusalem on June 19, 1930 — a building which owes its existence to the generosity of the chief benefactor ofthe Institute — is merely another instance of the effect of this Universityupon the educational life of the Near East.JOHN ULRIC NEF, THE INVESTIGATOR1By HERMAN A. SPOEHRBY AN ancient tradition, observed more especially in Sweden, thistime of the year brings the celebration of Santa Lucia. It is anoccasion for acknowledgment of obligation and honor to parentsby the children. On this day they presume to take over both the prerogatives and the duties of their elders. As is the way of children, it is alsotaken as a day of special privilege and of joy in what life has yielded them.So it is to honor those who have been our scientific parents and guardians that we have gathered here today. The influence of these men on usbears more than a rough analogy to that of parent and child. The evaluation of this influence is quite as difficult as in the case of the true parentsand their offspring. There are the same aspects of nature and nurture inboth cases.As chemists who have attained some degree of maturity, and who inmany cases are also teaching an oncoming generation, we may welLask:"Of what import have been our teachers?" Though fully conscious of thebreadth of this question, I would still venture the observation that aschemists we owe much, yes, all, to our teachers — only not our free development in chemistry. The more powerful the influence which our teachersexert, and the deeper their impression on us, the more slowly and laboriously do we free ourselves from this influence and develop our own selves —for better or for worse. Certain modes of thought, inclinations towardsome conceptions and prejudices seem to persist to the third and fourthgeneration.THE INFLUENCE OF SCIENTIFIC ANCESTRYThe researches of Nef offer unusually interesting material for the studyof the influence of scientific ancestry, or, if you please, the stability ofthe intellectual germ plasm, as well as of the development of originalideas. The genealogy runs as follows: Gay-Lussac begat Liebig, Liebigbegat Kekule, Kekule begat Baeyer, Baeyer begat Nef. There is no doubt1 An address at the dedication of the George Herbert Jones Laboratory for Research in Chemistry, December 16, 1929. The address on "John Ulric Nef, the Manand the Teacher" appeared in the April number of the University Record.173174 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthat of these, the influence of the father, Baeyer, is most clearly evident inNef's work; but there is evidence that Kekule's inclinations concerningthe architecture of organic molecules, Liebig's biological attitude, andeven some of the features of Gay-Lussac are discernible. Baeyer made atremendous impression on Nef and Nef's high esteem and admiration forhis teacher grew, if anything, with the years. The earlier works of Nefclearly reveal this influence; but after some years he struck out on pathsquite different from those which had been followed by Baeyer, thoughthe modes of experimentation were much the same.Nef was active in the time between the period when synthetic organicchemistry held the center of the stage and the modern period of the development of physical chemical methods and conceptions. Organic chemistryhaving accumulated a great mass of facts, has since gone largely in twodirections. The one, mainly by means of physical-chemical methods, hasfollowed theoretical problems of valence, mechanism of reaction, and thefundamental nature of the carbon atom; the other is a reversion to itsorigin, namely, the study of the compounds and reactions of living organisms. Nef was interested in both these fields — he was, in fact, a pioneer inthe study of the mechanism of organic reactions.It is said of Baeyer that he laid great stress on careful manipulation andtechnique of experimentation, was most particular regarding cleanlinessand orderly assembling of apparatus, and worked as quantitatively as waspossible. He was a great reader of chemical literature and retained a greatstore of chemical information. He devoted himself almost exclusively tohis researches and allowed nothing in the way of university politics tointerfere with his work. His methods of approaching a problem were simple as was also the apparatus he used. Those who knew Nef will appreciate the similarity between the two men in these respects.Baeyer was primarily interested in the structure and synthesis of organic compounds, and he carried out a tremendous amount of extraordinarily difficult and painstaking work in this field. Nef's earlier investigations on benzoquinone, acetoacetic ester, and related compounds weredone clearly in the manner for which Baeyer had set the example. The investigations on tautomerism and on the nitro-paraffines were alsoprompted essentially by conceptions of structure, as was also the firstwork on bivalent carbon. In these researches, as in many that followed,Nef prepared a large number of compounds which he described with extraordinary care and precision. In fact, in using the last edition of Beil-stein, one is struck by the great variety of compounds showing citationsto Nef's works.JOHN ULRIC NEF, THE INVESTIGATORBIVALENT CARBONIn the first paper on bivalent carbon (Annalen, CCLXX [1892], 269),Nef said:I have, therefore, set myself the task of making a thorough study of this substance (hydrocyanic acid) in order to establish experimentally the presence or absence of bivalent carbon, so that, should this actually be present and its propertieshave been more closely studied, I can set myself the further task of isolating methylene or a homolog thereof which must naturally be much more reactive than hydrocyanic acid or carbylamine.Nef's introduction to his third paper on bivalent carbon (Annalen,CCLXXXVII, 266) is of considerable interest. He begins as follows:"The discovery of cyanogen by Gay-Lussac in 1815 belongs undoubtedlyto the most important discoveries in chemistry; it has exerted an immenseinfluence on the development of chemistry of carbon." In this contributionNef, by means of the multitude of reactions which were studied, developedhis general ideas of the role of addition in the reaction of organic compounds, a conception which was to play a dominant role in his theoriesof mechanism. The instability of such direct addition compounds, especially in the presence of traces of water, acid, alkali, as the case may be,strongly influenced Nef in the formulation of the conception of intermediate compound formation as a step in the mechanism of many organicreactions. In this work Nef's really remarkable experimental skill andcommand of technique enabled him to prepare and isolate compoundswhich would have been impossible for a less dextrous experimenter. It wasperhaps this very expertness and assurance in his own methods which prevented Nef later from introducing other, perhaps physical-chemical, methods as these were developed.It was in 1896, at the age of thirty-four, ten years after the publicationof his dissertation in Munich, that Nef published his well-known paperon the chemistry of methylene in Volume CCXCVIII of Liebig's Annalen.I believe it is safe to say that the 173 pages of this volume of the Annalenwhich constituted this paper were for many years the most thoroughlythumbed of any of the journals in the chemistry library here. By Nef'sstudents this paper was frequently regarded as a pons assinorum to adegree.IN THE FIELD OF THEORETICAL CHEMISTRYIn this publication Nef definitely entered the field of theoretical chemistry and thereafter he was primarily interested in the mechanism of organic reactions. It is the nearest he ever came to writing a textbook,though this paper would hardly be mistaken as such. But he does outline176 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDhis theoretical conceptions and develops a system of kinetics on the basisof which an extremely wide range of organic reactions can be interpreted.The behavior of unsaturated compounds is discussed in detail, especiallythe significance of a wide variety of addition reactions. Addition, therefore, constitutes one of the important steps in the mechanism of organicreactions. As an equally significant postulate, Nef developed the conception of dissociation of saturated and unsaturated compounds. Thegerm of the latter idea was already in the mind of Saint Claire-Devilleand Nef elaborated it much further. During his investigations of unsaturated compounds, Nef had noticed that these form addition productswhich dissociate slightly above or even below room temperature. He says(p. 210):Even more striking in my work on bivalent carbon was the observation that dissociations occur, i.e., reformation of methylene derivatives from addition products..... This cleavage of the addition products has repeatedly been emphasized as themost noteworthy result of my researches on this subject In many cases thesaturated compounds, with all the carbon valencies satisfied, cannot be isolated; thecause of this lies in the fact that the dissociation point of the particular compoundlies below 15 °.Thus Nef endeavored to interpret the mechanism of polymerization, avariety of condensation reactions and rearrangements, autoxidation, andmany other types. It is, of course, impossible here to enter upon a discussion of the details of these. But in perusing the multitudinous organicreactions and compounds which Nef studied, fundamentally the sameprinciples obtain: addition followed by dissociation and the formationof highly reactive products, which in turn results in reaction with anothermolecule or in condensation. The bulk of Nef's work followed the publication of the theoretical paper in Annalen, Volume CCXCVIII, and wasgiven over to the elaboration of his theoretical ideas. He thus made extensive studies of the dissociation and subsequent reactions of acetylenecompounds, the alkyl halides, glycols and glycerine, and finally the extremely complex hexose carbohydrates.CHEMISTRY OF VITAL PHENOMENANef repeatedly emphasized the necessity of carefully studying organicreactions from the viewpoint of all possible modes of reaction as madeevident by minor yields of products. The organic chemist had becomeinclined to consider but one reaction, even though his yields of end-product in this reaction were often exceedingly low. To Nef by-products wereas important as the main product in that the former gave clues to thechemical nature of the substance or reaction he was studying. AlthoughJOHN ULRIC NEF, THE INVESTIGATORthis consideration of minor yields gives a much more complicated pictureof organic reactions, it is also a truer one. It has been of considerable helpin visualizing the multiplicity of reactions and the delicate adjustmentsin the chemistry of living organisms. The organic chemist has started fromsimple and circumscribed conceptions in his endeavor to unravel themaze of chemical reactions occurring in living things. He still frequentlyreverts to static conceptions, equilibriums, structures, etc., in this task.Important as these are, they must be supplemented by conceptions ofmode of reaction which more closely apply to the conditions as they existin the living cell. Nef did much to introduce into organic chemistry dynamic conceptions and refinements from which valuable points of contact may arise between chemistry and biology.Unquestionably the tremendous amount of mental effort and realphysical toil which Nef poured into his work has added materially to ourunderstanding of the vast field which he traversed. His exemplary description of methods and of the properties and characteristics of the compoundswith which he worked earned for him an enviable position in the historyof our science.nef's adherence to the highest ideals of pure scienceIt is, I feel, no exaggeration to say that Nef was one of the most single-minded and conscientious investigators we have had in modern science.He lived entirely for the science he loved; his whole life was devoted toits ends. Like other Swiss, as Agassiz, Bandelier, Cajori, Gallatin, andHassler, to whom American science owes so much, Nef always adhered totjie highest ideals of pure science, of the advancement of knowledge for itsown sake. This devotion and the unsparing energy with which he threwhimself into his work did, I fear, contribute to his premature passing.Yet, I believe, that with advancing years and the sorrow which enteredNef's life his viewpoint of his work and his outlook on science in generalwere considerably modified. Such has been the case with many scientistsactuated by the same ideals. There seems to come a time in the life ofmany men who have been moved by the ideals to advance knowledge forits own sake when their attitude gradually changes. The magnitude ofthe task grows instead of diminishing; the scientist apparently meets withfrustration, and it seems to become evident that there are limits to whatis attainable, not only as an individual, but by science as a method ofthought. It is perhaps only then that the true man or the true spiritualwill asserts itself.It has, no doubt, been a matter of much contemplation and debate asto what it is that attracts to a career of scientific research, why it is that178 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDthe investigator without any particular material reward or even promiseof such a reward appears in the world generation after generation. Wecan, I believe, put aside, as affecting a different group, the aspect of simplyearning a living by this means. This may be a worthy impulse and resultin many worth-while things. But I refer rather to a period in the life of theinvestigator when engaging in scientific research involves sacrifices ofcomfort and well-being rather than their attainment.RESEARCH AS A GAMEThere is, first of all, the attitude, so prominent in all phases of American life, that scientific research is a game, the same attitude which addszest to those in business and carries them far beyond the avowed object ofmaking a living. The goal is success ; in business described in terms of dollars, material possessions, influence, and, not infrequently, of service tofellow-man and to country. In science the standards of success are not soeasily delineated or universally understood. Some of the most brilliantand fundamental scientific work has undoubtedly been done in this spiritof sport and, if it has also produced less meritorious results through theurge for publicity and personal advancement, this is rather to be ascribedto individual traits of character than to a fallacious attitude.But there is another appeal in science to which many respond. This isan appeal to man's aesthetic sense. The fascination in the beauty of harmony and the orderliness of nature is to many minds positively compelling. The clear, bold ideas and strict reasoning involved, for example, inthe determination of the structure of benzene and of the hexose sugars, orin such conceptions as physics has recently employed in the determinationof the structure of atoms from spectrographic data, have a direct aestheticappeal. The love for the harmony of logical reasoning, the faith in theorderliness of nature, and the desire to behold the complete pattern ofnature from a few selected postulates is the motive of this type of investigator. He finds satisfaction and reward in the discovery and contemplationof new aspects of this harmony. To him mystery and arbitrariness arediscord and confusion. Not unlike the artist he is loath to justify hisfaith and to expound the meaning or value of his science.Finally, there are such who are actuated by an intense altruistic urge,the strong desire to serve humanity and relieve its suffering. To manyscience thus offers the opportunity for leading a life of devotion to an idealcause. The life of Pasteur may be cited as exemplifying this attitude. Hehimself said: "Blessed is he who carries within himself a God, an ideal,and who obeys it, ideal of art, ideal of science, ideal of the gospel virtues,JOHN ULRIC NEF, THE INVESTIGATORtherein lie the springs of great thoughts and great actions; they all reflect light from the Infinite."THE POWER OF AN ALTRUISTIC MOTIVENef, as an investigator, was actuated by the strongest altruistic motives; his interest in applying chemistry to medicine and to the relief ofmankind increased with the years. He felt that his theories were thefoundation for an understanding of life-processes and he often exhibitedan almost messianic attitude in discussing this aspect of his work. Hewas primarily interested in laying the foundations for the chemistry ofliving organisms. At the end of one of his papers, he stated: "In expressing here the conviction that in the chemistry of methylene there is to befound a future exact scientific physiology and medicine and perhaps alsoan explanation of life processes, I feel that this has been justified by thefacts presented in this contribution." If herein Nef perhaps failed to realize fully the extreme complexity of organic nature and the incompleteand defective status of the biological information he was drawing upon, hehas nevertheless set an example worthy of emulation both in the science ofexperimentation and in devotion to the highest ideals of an investigator.The spirit of Nef as an investigator can perhaps be gleaned best fromhis own statement at the dedication of the Kent Chemical Laboratory in1894.A chemical laboratory [he said] is judged by the scientific world chiefly by thequality of its scientific publications, and by this is meant the results of original workcarried out in the laboratory, which advance the science or open up new fields therein.While it is true, to a great extent, that the power of scientific investigation is inbornand not acquired, it is also certain that the proper atmosphere must exist for its development. It requires inspiration and example to kindle into flame the spark whichmay exist in men beginning their life-work. That the inspiration and example mustcome from their instructors is evident. We have abundant proof that the men whohave been great scientific discoverers have been those who have devoted themselvesto the science for its own sake, never considering for a moment the material benefitsthat might result to them therefrom. They have been men who, like Agassiz, had nottime to make money or to patent, or take advantage of their discoveries, which belong to the world. They have slaved and worked for their science with the same fervorand enthusiasm that men fight for a country's cause If the question wereasked what factors are of importance in order that this country may in time do itsshare in advancing the cause of chemical science, or even in time, take the lead overother nations in this subject, the answer would be that we must have, first of all, menwhose heart and soul are in their work and whose whole life and strength are devotedto the science purely for its own sake.THE NORTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION AND THE BOARDOF TRUSTEESAT A meeting of the Board of Trustees held February 28, 1930, itZJk was voted to authorize the appointment of a committee of mem-JL JL bers of the Board to consider with a similar committee of theBoard of Education of the Northern Baptist Convention the contractualrelations between the University of Chicago and the Board of Education.The president of the Board subsequently appointed as members of thiscommittee of conference: A. W. Sherer, R. L. Scott, J. M. Stifler, C. S.Eaton, and H. H. Swift, with W. E. Post as alternate. The two committeesmet in New York April 26, 1930. The result of this conference was thepresentation to the Board of Education of the Northern Baptist Convention at its meeting in Cleveland, on May 29, the following statement andrequest from the University of Chicago:A STATEMENT TO THE BOARD OF EDUCATIONThe rapid expansion of the University of Chicago lays increasing demands uponits Board of Trustees and promises to increase still further their responsibilities.Not a little of the University's progress can be attributed to the close personalattention which its Trustees have given its affairs. In a fashion not duplicatedin other American universities, the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicagodirectly administers the affairs of the University. The full Board meets regularly oncea month and several special meetings are necessary every year. The eight standingcommittees which are charged with special divisions of the work, together with special committees which are found constantly necessary, involve the holding of severalmeetings every week. Many members of the Board occasionally, and some constantly,devote as much as half of their time to University interests.To discharge adequately the duties of such a trusteeship calls for men who havenot only large background of educational interest and administrative experience, butalso for those who are free to give the very considerable share of their time that is demanded. The increasing diversity of the University's operations makes it necessary toseek for men of still wider background. Within the past seven years there have beenadded to the responsibilities of the Board of Trustees a development in medicine ofvast proportions and in art on a large scale. Similar enlargements of the School ofEducation and the Oriental Institute are now in process.Active participation in these interests falls almost exclusively on the Trustees whoare resident in the Chicago area. Non-resident Trustees, no matter how valuable theirnames and their services, cannot carry their share of these various duties, with the result that the Chicago members are increasingly overburdened.180NORTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION AND TRUSTEES 181The demands on the Trustees will be further accentuated by the program of expansion immediately before the University. This program depends for its success to apeculiar degree on the Board of Trustees. The University must look to them for thenecessary personal and financial contacts in the Chicago area. It is necessary, too, thatthey be men of such commanding position in the metropolis that their names are aguaranty of their capacity for administering an enterprise of this magnitude.In this connection, it is noteworthy that the University of Chicago is destined todepend on its relations with the city in which it is located, to an extent unique amongAmerican universities. It is inevitable that the Board of Trustees should be the personal bond in this connection. The University was originated by a movement amongthe Baptists of Chicago to establish a college. Due to the amazing genius of its firstpresident and the unexampled generosity of Mr. Rockefeller, instead of a college ithas in forty years become one of the great universities of America. The maintenanceof this pre-eminence in the educational world hangs upon the relation of the University to the life of the city through its Board of Trustees.The composition of this Board grows out of the historic relations of the Universityto the American Baptist Education Society and its successor, the Board of Educationof the Northern Baptist Convention. By the terms of the original charter of the University, two-thirds of its Trustees were required to be members of Baptist churches.This requirement was altered by action of the Board of Education of the NorthernBaptist Convention in 1923, to provide that three-fifths of the Trustees be Baptists.The size of the Board, originally twenty-one, and after 1923, twenty-five, was increased December 8, 1926, by the action of the Board itself, to thirty.This arrangement has now been in force for seven years, and in its actual operation certain facts have become increasingly plain:1. The Board has had steadily increasing difficulty in filling its Baptist quota from men in andaround Chicago, who have the requisite type of experience and ability, and who are able to give thenecessary amount of time. The increase in the size of the Board, which has given more active members, has tended to accentuate this difficulty. More than once the Board has found it necessary toelect Baptist employees of the University to serve on the Board until its nominating committee wasprepared to fill these Baptist positions.2. In maintaining this three-fifths proportion of Baptist members, recourse had been had toelecting non-resident Baptists, of whom there are now six on the Board. The names of these, members are a credit to the University, but such members can attend meetings of the Board only withdifficulty, and are unable to share the burdens of the committees.3. Contrasted with this difficulty in filling the Baptist quota is the fact that there is a considerable number of eminent citizens of Chicago, and also of prominent alumni of the institution, whowould be very useful to the University but for whom no place on the Board can be provided. There areseveral men in Chicago who are at present devoting their time, energy and influence to other institutions and interests, who might readily be drafted into the service of the University of Chicago toits very great advantage. There have been periods of as many as eight years when there has beenno non-Baptist vacancy on the Board. Thus, the University has found itself at one and the sametime unable to fill the Baptist vacancies on its Board, and unable to elect other men conspicuouslyqualified as trustees because they did not happen to be Baptists and no non-Baptist vacancy waseither open or in prospect.4. It should be said at once that this situation does not arise because the Baptists of Chicagonumber among their members less competent men than other churches. It is a simple fact that thereis no single denomination in Chicago that could provide any such proportion of the Board as is required.In view of all these facts, the Baptist members of the Board of Trustees of the University felt constrained to re-examine the composition of the Board to discoverwhether it might not be so constituted as to preserve the historic continuity of Baptistrelationship, maintain the spiritual ideals of education, and at the same time free the182 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDBoard from certain limitations that seem likely to check the developing service of theUniversity. For the past two years they have held repeated meetings and have giventhe matter long and searching thought.They were convinced that the desired results could not be accomplished by the obvious means of increasing the size of the Board. The officers of the Board believe thatsuch enlargement tends to produce a weakening of the sense of responsibility of theindividual Trustees, and can result in little more than an increase in the number ofnon-resident Baptist representatives. To follow this expedient would provide for veryfew additional local members, would load the Board with an increased number of absentee members, and would not adequately relieve the burden on the local Trustees.In all the discussions that were held, neither the Baptist Trustees nor the Board ofTrustees of the University of Chicago indicated a desire to change the historic continuity of the Baptist relationship to the University. As Mr. Harold H. Swift, President of the Board, has expressed it, "The University is proud of its Baptist connection and owes an inexpressible debt to it."Still less did the Baptist group, or the Board as a whole, desire to alter the spiritualconception of life and of education and the emphasis on the central place of characterand religion in both, which the University has maintained from its foundation. AsPresident Hutchins said in an interview quoted in The Baptist for October 12, 1929,"Whatever changes in outward forms may ensue, the University of Chicago will neverforget that it was founded by religious people whose work was carried on here in areligious spirit. That spirit will dominate this University to the end."Within the last few years, the University has erected a great University chapelwhich symbolizes and strengthens this spiritual emphasis, and has a Dean of theChapel devoting his full time to the moral and religious life of the University. Insteadof secularizing its educational process, the University has of late years been movingdefinitely in the other direction.It should be made plain, too, that any alteration of the composition of the University Board contemplates no change in the composition of the Baptist TheologicalUnion, which has a separate board.Having all of the foregoing in mind, the Baptist members finally suggested that theBoard of Trustees communicate to the Board of Managers of the Board of Educationa request for the appointment of a committee of conference to counsel with a likecommittee from the Trustees of the University. This request was granted. The twocommittees were appointed, consisting of, from the Board of Education, PresidentClarence A. Barbour of Brown University, President A. W. Beaven of Colgate-Rochester Seminary, President Emory W. Hunt of Bucknell University, Dean A. R. Mann ofCornell University, Mr. Albert L. Scott of New York City. A meeting of the twocommittees was held in New York on April 26, 1930, and after careful considerationand full discussion of all the factors involved, the committees voted to present to theirrespective Boards the recommendation that there be substituted for the present requirement that three-fifths of the members of the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago shall be members of Baptist churches, the provision that at all timesnot less than three-fifths of the Trustees shall be members of Christian churches, andof this three-fifths a majority shall be members of Baptist churches. At no time shallthe number of Trustees belonging to any other denomination exceed the number ofBaptists upon such Board.This recommendation has received the hearty approval of the Board of Trustees ofthe University of Chicago ; they believe that such a modification of their contractualIn Swift Hall Painted by Paul TrebilcockA NEW PORTRAIT— EDGAR JOHNSON GOODSPEEDNORTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION AND TRUSTEES 183relations would enable the University to widen its contacts with its Chicago constituency and result in an enlarged service in the sphere of education. They feel, too, thatsuch a modification would maintain the Baptist tradition and Christian influence inthe life of the University of Chicago.The University of Chicago, therefore, respectfully requests that the Board of Education of the Northern Baptist Convention approve the proposed modifications of theprovisions of the deed of conveyance and of the Articles of Incorporation of the University of Chicago and that it authorize and instruct its Board of Managers to takeappropriate action to accomplish these purposes.The Board of Managers of the Board of Education reported during thesessions of the Northern Baptist Convention at the annual meeting recommending the adoption of the provision modifying the requirement ofBaptist representation on the University's Board as printed in italicsabove. Subsequently the report was adopted by a practically unanimousvote. The Board of Education will give the University a new deed containing the revision of the Articles of Incorporation concerning Trusteesas recommended by the joint committee of the Board of Education and theTrustees of the University.At the meeting of the Board of Trustees of the University held on June12, 1930, steps necessary to make operative the change in the Articles ofIncorporation were taken.WHEN THE UNIVERSITY CONFERSDEGREESTHE PROCEDURE AND CEREMONIES OFCONVOCATIONCONVOCATION, a term originally intended to apply to the general assemblage of the University for any purpose whatever, hascome to stand especially for the public University service for theconferring of degrees. Because degrees are regularly conferred at the conclusion of each quarter it happens that since the first Convocation heldJanuary 2, 1893, in the Central Music Hall until the occasion described inthe present issue of the University Record, and including the special ones,160 have been held. The first to be held in the University Chapel was thatin March, 1929.THE CONVENTIONAL CONVOCATION PROGRAMFrom the very outset the Convocation program was determined: theprofession, the prayer, the Convocation address, the award of honors,the conferring of degrees, the President's statement, "Alma Mater," andthe recession. The order of the procession is as follows: The Marshallof the University, the candidates for the Bachelor's degree, the candidatesfor higher degrees, the faculties of the University, the official guests of theUniversity, the Trustees of the University, the president of the Board ofTrustees and the Convocation Chaplain, and the President of the University and the Convocation Orator. The President occasionally serves asorator; the order of march is then modified.The large number of candidates at the June Convocation renders it necessary to hold a double ceremony, at the first of which (at eleven) all advanced degrees are granted, while at the second (at three) the Bachelors'degrees in the Colleges are conferred. The position of each individual ineach group is predetermined by the arrangement of the individuals for thedegree ceremony. In the nave of the University Chapel the candidates inthe several groups are arranged alphabetically b^student marshals andaides. In the choir, Trustees, members of the Faculties, and guests areseated. Before the south end of the eastern choir benches is the President'sConvocation chair. The Convocation Orator sits in the preacher's seat below the pulpit ; the Convocation Chaplain across from him in the chap-184WHEN THE UNIVERSITY CONFERS DEGREES 185Iain's seat; the Trustees in the front choir benches. The presenting deansoccupy the southerly ends of the choir benches, to facilitate their duties;the Recorder and the Assistant Recorder sit in chairs to the right rear ofthe President's chair, where on a table are the diplomas and hoods. TheMarshal's seat is next to the organ console. Responsibility for all detailsof seating, upon faithfulness to which depends in large part the ease anddignity of the exercises, rests upon the Marshal of the University, whosesymbol is an ebony, gold-mounted baton. His assistants are the AssistantMarshals (members of the Faculty), the student head marshal, who carries a mahogany, silver-mounted baton, and the college marshals and aides(students), who wear mortarboards having maroon tassels. The University tradition that each candidate shall receive his own diploma from thePresident lays a particularly heavy burden on the college marshals andaides, who have the immediate duty of organizing the groups of candidates for this purpose.All persons in the procession remain standing in their places until thePresident and the Convocation Orator reach their seats. When the President removes his cap and takes his seat, all do likewise. Immediately thePresident announces the prayer and introduces the Convocation Orator.At the conclusion of the convocation address, the President dons his cap,as representing the authority of the University, rises, and says: "Attention is called to the following awards and honors." He then calls attentionto each honor, scholarship, prize, and medal awarded for especial achievement or for excellence in a specific field of work, and degrees are then conferred. The President, still wearing his cap, seats himself in the Convocation chair. Candidates for titles and degrees are presented by their deansin the following order: Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts,Philosophy, or Science; Bachelor of Laws; Master of Arts or Science,Bachelor of Divinity; Doctor of Law (J.D.) ; four-year certificate fromthe Ogden Graduate School of Science; four-year certificate from RushMedical College; Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) from the Ogden GraduateSchool of Science; Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) from Rush Medical College; Doctor of Jurisprudence (J.S.D.), and Doctor of Philosophy(Ph.D.).NOW IT KAY BE TOLD — WHAT IS SAID TO CANDIDATESWhen a dean steps out to face the President, candidates to be presentedby him rise in their places and proceed in previously arranged alphabetical order to the choir, escorted by marshals and aides. When the head ofthe column reaches the dean, the dean presents the candidates; the President confers the degree and hands each candidate, as he approaches, his.186 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDdiploma, which the Recorder passes to the President. In the case of Doctors of Philosophy or of Jurisprudence the hood is placed upon each candidate by the University Marshal before the diploma is presented, and thedean reads the candidate's name. The presentation of Bachelor's diplomas to candidates from the Colleges is preceded at the June Convocationby that of commissions as Second Lieutenants in the Reserve of the United States Army to qualified members of the Reserve Officers' TrainingCorps, and of certificates entitling the holders to such commissions whenthe holders come of age. The candidates are presented by the commandingofficers of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit, and the commissionsand certificates are handed them by the President. The Commanding Officer's and the President's formulas are as follows:The Major: Mr. President, These students, having fulfilled all requirements of the University and of the War Department, are entitled tothe commissions or certificates of eligibility as Second Lieutenants in theField Artillery Officers' Reserve Corps of the United States Army. [Thehonor graduate for the year is then announced.]The President: Candidates for the commission or certificate of eligibility as Second Lieutenants in the Field Artillery Officers' ReserveCorps of the United States Army: Reposing special trust and confidencein the patriotism, valor, fidelity, and ability of these graduates of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, the President of the United States directsthat they be commissioned or receive certificates of eligibility as SecondLieutenants in the Field Artillery Officers' Reserve of the United StatesArmy.The formulas for the deans presenting candidates for the several degrees and certificates are as follows:The Dean: Mr. President, These students, having satisfactorily completed the general studies prescribed by the Faculty of the undergraduatecolleges of Arts, Literature, and Science, and the special programs approved by their departments, are now presented for the appropriate Bachelor's degree.The Dean: Mr. President, These students, having fulfilled all the requirements of the University, are entitled to the degree of Bachelor ofLaw.The Dean: Mr. President, These students, holders of the Bachelor'sdegree, have satisfactorily fulfilled the residence requirements of the University for the Master's degree and the special programs of study as prescribed by their departments in the graduate schools. They are now presented for the appropriate degree of Master of Arts or Master of Science.WHEN THE UNIVERSITY CONFERS DEGREES 187The Dean: Mr. President, These students, having fulfilled all the requirements of the University and having completed three years of graduate study, are presented as candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Divinity.The Dean: Mr. President, These students, having fulfilled all the requirements of the University, are entitled to the degree of Doctor of Law.The Dean: Mr. President, These students have satisfactorily completed the four years of medical curriculum and have passed the final examination of the Graduate School of Medicine of the Ogden GraduateSchool of Science. They are qualified for service as internes in an approved hospital while continuing under the supervision of the Faculty ofthe Graduate School, and are now presented to receive their certificates.The Dean: Mr. President, These students have satisfactorily completed the four years of the medical curriculum and have passed the finalexamination of Rush Medical College. They are qualified for service asinternes in approved hospitals while continuing under the supervision ofthe Faculty of the College, and are now presented to receive their certificates.The Dean: Mr. President, These students have satisfactorily completed one year of service as internes in approved hospitals while underthe supervision of the Faculty of the Graduate School of Medicine of theOgden Graduate School of Science. Having fulfilled all the requirementsof the Graduate School of Medicine of the Ogden Graduate School of Science, and of the University, they are now presented for the degree of Doctor of Medicine.The Dean: Mr. President, These students have satisfactorily completed one year of service as internes in approved hospitals- while underthe supervision of the Faculty of Rush Medical College. Having fulfilledall the requirements of Rush Medical College and of the University, theyare now presented for the degree of Doctor of Medicine.The Dean: Mr. President, These students, having pursued graduatestudies in which they have shown ability in research and having fulfilledall the requirements of the University, are entitled to the degree of Doctorof Jurisprudence.The Dean: Mr. President, These students, holders of the Bachelor'sdegree, have continued in graduate studies until they have satisfied allUniversity requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. TheFaculties of our graduate schools have accepted their dissertations as containing actual additions to knowledge in particular fields of research, andthey are now presented for their degrees.The President, conferring the degrees of Bachelors of Arts, Philosophy,i88 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDor Science, uses the following formula: Candidates from the Colleges:on the recommendation of the Faculty of the Colleges, and by virtue ofthe authority vested in me by the Board of Trustees, I confer upon youthe degree of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Philosophy, or Bachelor ofScience, as in each case is appropriate, and in testimony thereof present toyou these diplomas.The same formula, appropriately modified, is used in conferring theother degrees. When conferring the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy orDoctor of Jurisprudence, the formula is modified as follows : In testimonythereof I give to you these hoods which you may wear as Doctors of theUniversity of Chicago, and also these diplomas. For the four-year certificate in medicine the following modification is made: I grant you thesecertificates qualifying you for service as internes in approved hospitals.At the end of one year of satisfactory service you will be entitled to thedegree Doctor of Medicine.honorary degreesHonorary degrees, the first of which was conferred in 1899 upon William McKinley, president of the United States, are given at regular orspecial convocations after the conferring of the degrees in course, as in1899 for President McKinley or in 1903 for President Roosevelt. Thecandidate is presented by the head or chairman of the appropriate department, and the President in conferring the degree uses a special formulafor each candidate. The appropriate diploma is presented by the President, and the appropriate hood placed on the candidate by the Marshal.President McKinley was presented by the Professor of International Lawand Diplomacy, Head of the Department of Political Science and Dean ofthe Faculties of Arts, Literature, and Science, who, escorting the candidate to the Convocation chair, addressed the President of the University.The President of the University then said:You, William McKinley — a man endowed with all advantages of education and experience, who, at the time of gravest crisis, when the weal not only of this republic,but of foreign states, was put in deepest peril, and path of wisdom lay dark before thepeople, served each highest interest, and by your wisdom and your foresight, out ofconfusion brought a happy ending — the Trustees of the University of Chicago, onnomination by the University Senate, have admitted to the degree of Doctor of Lawsnow for the first time given by them, and have granted and bestowed upon you allhonors, rights, and prvileges here or elsewhere pertaining to the same. In testimonywhereof, I now present you with the Doctor's hood of the University of Chicago,which, in virtue of this degree, you have the right to wear, and with the diploma ofthe University. And may you increase in wisdom and virtue, and, in days to come, asin the past, cherish the republic and defend her.WHEN THE UNIVERSITY CONFERS DEGREES 189The normal form is that used in conferring the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws on Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Professor of Greek in JohnsHopkins University:Professor of Greek in the Johns Hopkins University; founder and editor of theAmerican Journal of Philology; at once lover of letters and student of linguistic science; commentator, in noteworthy editions, upon Pindar and Persius; author of aLatin grammar based on scientific principles; investigator, and stimulator of the investigations of others ; author of a work now appearing in which the results of manyyears of study of the syntax of classical Greek are summarized ; for these distinguishedservices, and especially for the last named, by the authority of the Board of Trusteesof the University of Chicago, upon the nomination of the University Senate, I conferupon you the degree of Doctor of Laws of this University, with all the rights andprivileges appertaining thereunto.The President's statement generally consists of four parts. He first expresses to the Convocation Orator the thanks of the University. He thenrefers to the death of any member of the University, if there has been anysuch since the last Convocation, and requests all to stand in silence inmemory of the deceased. When the audience has risen, an organ interludeis played or a chant sung by members of the choir. When the people areagain seated, the President reviews the condition of the University andannounces gifts or plans, concluding with an invitation to join in the singing of the "Alma Mater," and with the announcement: "After the benediction the audience is requested to remain standing until the recessional."The recession is conducted in order of groups exactly the reverse of theprocession.THE UNIVERSITY'S GROUPINSURANCETHE Group Insurance Plan inaugurated in March, 1929, to insureboth faculty and employees on a contributory basis, was participated in by 1,251 persons with a total coverage of $2,907,200.Two hundred and sixteen of these were Faculty members, who were notcovered in the former Death Benefit Plan of the University. Participationwas elective for those in the service of the University prior to March, 1929,but is compulsory for those who enter the service after that date. The insurance was placed with the Prudential Life Insurance Company of America, and the plan provided insurance for employees at the University's expense equivalent to the amount of accrued protection under the DeathBenefit Plan.Initially, members of the Faculty reaching the age of sixty-five weredebarred from participating in the benefits of this plan, but during theyear the Board of Trustees amended the plan, providing for the continuance of insurance to those members of the Faculty remaining in activeservice after age sixty-five.During the year there were ten deaths among the persons insured underthis plan, their beneficiaries receiving the sum of $20,100. The totalamount of premiums paid by the persons in this group was $17.54. Therelatively small amount paid by the insured was due to the fact that thedeaths occurred early in the year, or in some cases the insured had certainseniority rights under the former Death Benefit Plan. The largest amountpaid by any person in the group was $5.40 on a policy of $2,500. Theamounts paid to beneficiaries were as follows: 3 at $3,000, $9,000; 2 at$2,500, $5,000; 1 at $1,600, $1,600; 1 at $1,300, $1,300; 1 at $1,200,$1,200; 2 at $1,000, $2,000, or a total of $20,100.Persons who did not elect to participate in the Group Insurance Plan atthe beginning of the period may still do so provided they can pass a satisfactory physical examination. At the close of the first year 1,294 personswere insured in the group, with a total coverage of $3,1 53,000.190REORGANIZATION OF THE ROCKEFELLER BOARDSTHE annual report of the General Education Board recently pub$lished gives particulars of the reorganization of the several boardsbearing the name of Rockefeller. So frequently have these organizations aided the University that some of the particulars of the organic changes which have been made will be of interest to the constituencyof the University Record.In 1902 the General Education Board was chartered, its object being"the promotion of education within the United States of America, withoutdistinction of race, sex or creed." In 1913 the Rockefeller Foundation wasestablished "to promote the well-being of mankind throughout the world."The Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial was created by Mr. Rockefellerin 1918, its funds being designated for "charitable purposes." In 1923 theInternational Education Board was established by Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., for the promotion "of education, whether institutional or otherwise, throughout the world."The existence of these four boards, three bearing the same honoredname, and the somewhat misty understanding of their several functionsled, after a careful investigation by a committee composed of representatives of the four boards, to the adoption of a series of recommendationswhich became effective in January, 1929. The particulars of these changesare therefore here presented.The recommendations included:1. Creation of a new corporation, the Rockefeller Foundation, into which is mergedthe former Rockefeller Foundation and the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial.2. Extension of the scope of the Rockefeller Foundation to embrace, as a majorfunction, the advancement of knowledge in (1) the medical sciences, (2) the naturalsciences (taking over the program in foreign countries of the International EducationBoard), (3) the social sciences (formerly carried on by the Laura Spelman RockefellerMemorial), and (4) the humanities; and the appointment of a director and staff foreach of these fields.3. Division, on definitely determined lines, of the field of education in the UnitedStates between the Rockefeller Foundation and the General Education Board.The outcome of the reorganization is the emergence of two Rockefeller boards —the Rockefeller Foundation, with a broad and general charter, and the General Education Board, whose activities are limited to the promotion of education in the UnitedStates.191192 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe report goes on to say:Adoption of the plan of reorganization involved a clear definition of what were toconstitute the activities of the General Education Board in the field of education inthe United States, and those of the Rockefeller Foundation in the same field.At the spring, 1929, meetings of the two organizations, a carefully considered planof division was adopted. The activities are divided into two parts, one of which is tofall exclusively to the General Education Board and the other to be undertaken jointlyby the Rockefeller Foundation and the General Education Board. The division is onthe broad lines of education and research, the former to fall to the General Education Board and the latter to the Rockefeller Foundation. An undertaking will oftenembrace both objectives: if education is the principal motive, it will belong to theGeneral Education Board; if research, it will belong to the Rockefeller Foundation.Education and the processes of education being in the main matters with which institutions are concerned, the General Education Board will deal chiefly with institutionsrather than with learned societies or research agencies. Neither will the Board sponsorindividual research projects, except those in educational psychology and the educational processes which fall within its field It is not the intention of the Board under the plan of reorganization to departfrom its previous policy of careful selection of the objects of its aid in carrying outthe purpose of its charter, "the promotion of education." The cost of education hasincreased greatly since the Board was founded. In view of this fact, and of the further fact that the quality of education seems now of paramount importance, the objects of its aid will be fewer in number and restricted to those whose influence in thefield of education is likely to be most beneficial and far-reaching.The activities which are included exclusively in the program of the General Education Board relate chiefly to college education, public education, and the processes ofeducation, the application of art to industry, and aid in accounting methods and administration. In many instances cooperation in these fields will continue along linesalready in operation until the demonstrations which the Board has assisted have beenbrought to a conclusion. New developments will be given consideration as they arise.AMONG THE DEPARTMENTSTHE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGYBy ANTON J. CARLSONTHE work in physiology in 1892 was started in an apartmentbuilding on Fifty-fifth Street, and frogs for teaching and researchpurposes were kept in the apartment bathtub. On the completionof the Ryerson Physical Laboratory temporary quarters for physiologywere found in that building. Hull Physiological Laboratory was completed in 1897. This building housed the work of the Department of Physiology and the later-established Department of Physiological Chemistry andPharmacology until 1926.THE FIRST DECADEDuring the first ten years under Dr. Jacques Loeb the teaching was developed along collegiate and university lines without reference to medicalstudents, although a number of premedical students were present in thecourses given in physiology. Graduate courses and research came earlyinto prominence, and the first Ph.D. degrees in physiology were given in1896, four years after the establishment of the department. During theeleven years that Professor Loeb directed the work in physiology in theUniversity eleven Ph.D. degrees were given in physiology. Four of thesedoctors (Drs. Garrey, Lyon, Nielson, Webster) are still active in researchand university teaching. Two of the promising men (Drs. Greeley andNorman) died early.The research activities of the department during this period were inthree main directions, namely, the action of inorganic salts and ions onliving processes, artificial fertilization, and tropisms. With the affiliationof Rush Medical College with the University, Dr. A. P. Mathews and Dr.Waldemar Koch were added to the staff in physiological chemistry andpharmacology, respectively, to teach medical and graduate students inthese sciences.Professor Loeb resigned in 1903, and from 1903 to 1907 Dr. G. N.Stewart (M.D., D.Sc, Edinburgh) directed the work of the department.He made a distinct contribution to the teaching of medical students in theUniversity, a contribution still in evidence in the department after thelapse of nearly a quarter of a century. It was during Dr. Stewart's direc-193194 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDtorship of the department that Dr. Alexis Carrel, as a guest of the department, made his notable contributions to blood-vessel surgery, for whichwork Dr. Carrel later received the Nobel Prize in medicine. Dr. Stewart'sresearch during his brief connection with the department was mainly onhemolysis and resuscitation.LATER PROGRESSDr. A. J. Carlson (Ph.D., Stanford University) became associated withthe department in 1904. After Dr. Stewart's resignation in 1907 the workin physiology was left under the general direction of Dr. Carlson, and themutual concerns of three subdepartments, physiology, physiological chemistry, and pharmacology, were directed by a committee consisting of thestaffs of the three subdepartments, under the chairmanship of Dr. A. P.Mathews. This arrangement continued until 19 16, when a separate department of biochemistry and pharmacology was organized. But evenafter this administrative separation the original group, physiology, physiological chemistry, and pharmacology, has continued in close co-operation, with joint seminars.During the years from 1908 to 1929, inclusive, fifty-six Ph.D. degreeshave been granted in physiology, making the total seventy-one since theestablishment of the department. At present fifty-one of the physiologydoctors are engaged in teaching and research in physiology and allied sciences. These fifty-one doctors are distributed among thirty colleges anduniversities in this country, one in Syria (University of Beirut) and one inChina (Peking Union Medical College).During the last thirty years the department has been organized to takecare of graduate and undergraduate teaching in physiology and in research. Since the retirement of Dr. D. J. Lingle these courses have beenunder the general direction of Dr. Kleitman. Dr. Kleitman also givescourses and directs research in the graduate school. During 1929-30 therewere 350 students in these courses.UNDERGRADUATE WORKThe undergraduate work in physiology has recently been organized sothat students interested and capable may begin research before graduatingfrom college. These undergraduates are usually assigned to work on theirparticular project for one or two quarters with some one of the senior members of the staff before being given separate problems of research. A seriesof three courses, attended mainly by medical students, is intended to givea fairly detailed and critical survey of the present status of the science ofphysiology. None of these courses is specifically required for the M.D. de-AMONG THE DEPARTMENTS 195gree in the University, but practically all the medical students (about 125a year) take this work. From thirty to forty non-medical graduate students attend these courses annually. During the last twenty years morethan 50 per cent of the medical students in the University have takenwork in the more advanced courses in physiology or engaged in creditableresearch in the department. An encouraging number of these studentscontinues in research in quantity and quality to the stage of the M.S. orPh.D. degree in physiology. The quarterly system has been a favorablefactor in this significant trend.In recent years Fellows from the following foreign countries haveworked in the department: Belgium, Brazil, China, England, Germany,Haiti, Philippine Islands, Poland, Siam, Syria, and Sweden. In addition tothe staff there are at present an average of from twenty to twenty-fivegraduate students each quarter doing full- or part-time research in physiology. At present nine guests are given facilities for pursuing research inthe department. These are mostly local physicians who have demonstrated their ability and interest in carrying out research. The problems onwhich this group is working include the following : healing of fractures ;experimental emphysema; hyperplasia of the endometrium; toxicity ofbile; relaxation; experimental jaundice; experimental cataract; and experimental gastric ulcer. The research problems on which the members ofthe staff and their graduate students are now engaged include the following: the alimentary tract; the parathyroids; metabolism; the thyroids;nerve activity; sleep; reflexes; cataract; anesthesia; the adrenals; thepancreas ; metabolism of pathological growths ; the physiological action ofheat and of radiant energy.Dr. Luckhardt's discovery of ethylene anesthesia is probably the mostsignificant single contribution to medical knowledge and practice made bythe Department of Physiology in recent years.The members of the staff are frequently called upon for various types ofpublic service. One member has served for years on the Council of Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association; another member is serving on the newly formed Council of Dental Therapy of theAmerican Dental Association. The department is frequently requested toconduct experiments for industrial and commercial concerns. Only projects or problems having clear bearing on fundamental physiology andmedicine are undertaken, when facilities and personnel are available.The staff in physiology includes three men of professorial rank, twoAssociate Professors, one Assistant Professor, two Research Associates,one Instructor, four or five Assistants, and six Fellows (including two Fellows of the Rockefeller Foundation) .196 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDIn the new Physiology Building the Department of Physiology has anassignment of three general teaching laboratories and thirty-one rooms forresearch. The sixth floor, administered in common by the staffs of physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, contains space for about 500larger animals (dogs) and about 3,000 smaller animals, such as rats,guinea pigs, rabbits, etc. The department is fairly well equipped with apparatus for many lines of physiologic research.On the basis of the present increase of graduate and research work thequarters occupied by the Department of Physiology will soon be overtaxedin the matter of space so that in the not distant future plans will have to bematured for additional space for pharmacology and therapeutics, andwhen this is done both physiology and physiological chemistry can expandwithin their present quarters.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEESBy JOHN F. MOULDS, Secretary of the BoardELECTION OF OFFICERS AND TRUSTEESAT THE annual meeting of the Board of Trustees on June 12, 1930,/-\ the following Trustees were re-elected in the class the term ofX -A- which expires in 1933: William Scott Bond, Cyrus S. Eaton,Charles R. Holden, Frank McNair, George Otis Smith, James M. Stifler,and John Stuart.The following officers were re-elected: president, Harold H. Swift;first vice-president, Thomas E. Donnelley; second vice-president, RobertL. Scott; third vice-president, William Scott Bond; treasurer, Eugene M.Stevens; secretary, John F. Moulds; and corresponding secretary, J.Spencer Dickerson.The following officers were reappointed to the respective offices for theterm of one year and until their successors shall have been appointed:business manager, Lloyd R. Steere; assistant business manager, GeorgeO. Fairweather; assistant business manager a,t the Quadrangles, John F.Moulds; comptroller, Nathan C. Plimpton; assistant comptroller, Harvey C. Daines; assistant secretary, William J. Mather; and assistant secretary, Lyndon H. Lesch.APPOINTMENTSThe following appointments were made during the Spring Quarter,1930:Dr. Franz Alexander, of the University of Berlin, as Visiting Professorin the Department of Medicine, for one year from October 1, 1930.Albert P. Brogan, of the University of Texas, as Visiting Professor inthe Department of Philosophy, for five months from February 1, 1931.Maurice Halbwachs, of the University of Strasbourg, as Visiting Professor of Sociology, for one quarter, beginning October 1, 1930.Dr. Bengt Hamilton, now of the Johns Hopkins Medical School, asProfessor in the Department of Pediatrics, from May 1, 1930, to June 30,1933.Edward W. Hinton, as James Parker Hall Professor of Law, from October 1, 1930.N. Paul Hudson, as Professor in the Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology, from October 1, 1930.197198 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDVittorio Macchioro, of the University of Naples, as Visiting Professorin the Department of New Testament and Early Christian Literature, forthe Spring Quarter, 1930.C. V. Taylor, now of Stanford University, as Visiting Professor in theDepartment of Zoology, from October 1, 1930, to June 30, 1931.George A. Works, formerly Dean of the Graduate Library School ofthe University, and now president of Connecticut Agricultural College,as Professor in the School of Education, from July 1, 1930.Jens P. Jensen, as Associate Professor in the Department of Economics,for one year from October 1, 1930.Dr. W. W. Swanson, now of the University of Minnesota, as AssociateProfessor in the Department of Pediatrics, from July 1, 1930. Dr. Swan-son has been pursuing special studies at Johns Hopkins University.Aaron Arkin, as Assistant Clinical Professor in the Department of Medicine at Rush Medical College, for one year from July 1, 1930.Ernest Cadman Colwell, as Assistant Professor in the Department ofNew Testament and Early Christian Literature for three years from July1, 1930.Charles O. Gregory, as Assistant Professor in the Law School, for oneyear from October 1, 1930.Clay G. Huff, as Assistant Professor in the Hygiene and Bacteriology,for two years from October 1, 1930.Franklin Plotinus Johnson, as Assistant Professor in the Department ofArt, for one year from October 1, 1930.Wilbur S. Katz, as Visiting Assistant Professor in the Law School, forone year from October 1, 1930.Dr. Rudolph Schoenheimer, now of the Pathological Institute, Freiburg, Germany, as Assistant Professor in the Department of Surgery, forone year from October 1, 1930. Dr. Schoenheimer is also a Fellow underthe Douglas Smith Foundation.W. E. Scott, as Assistant Professor in the School of Commerce and Administration, for three years from October 1, 1930.D. F. Bond, as Instructor in the Department of English, for one yearfrom October 1, 1930.W. K. Chandler, as Instructor in the Department of English, for oneyear from October 1, 1930.Fay Walter Clower, as Instructor in the School of Commerce and Administration, for the Autumn Quarter, 1930, and the Winter and SpringQuarters, 1931.Aaron Director, as Instructor in the Department of Economics, for theAutumn Quarter, 1930, Winter and Spring quarters, 1931.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 199Dr. Harold F. Entz, as Instructor in the Department of Surgery, forone year from July 1, 1930.Lester F. Groth, as Instructor in German in the Department of Modern Languages in the Junior College Division, for one year from October1, 1930.Dr. Ruth Herrick, as Instructor in the Department of Medicine, for oneyear from July 1, 1930, on a four-quarter basis.Mabel Hessler, as Instructor in the Department of English, for oneyear from October 1, 1930.Dr. Johanna Heumann, as Clinical Instructor in the Department ofPediatrics, from May 12 to July 12, 1930, on a one-half time basis.Dr. Hilger P. Jenkins, as Instructor and Resident Surgeon in the Department of Surgery, for one year from October 1, 1930.Charles Kerby-Miller, as Instructor in the Department of English, forone year from October 1, 1930.G. Eleanor Kimble, as Instructor in the Graduate School of SocialService Administration, for one year from July 1, 1930.Austin F. Lehmann, as Instructor in the Department of Chemistry, forsix months to September 9, 1930.N. F. MacLean, as Instructor in the Department of English, for oneyear from October 1, 1930.M. M. Mathews, as Instructor in the Department of English, for oneyear from October 1, 1930.Dr. Irene T. Mead, as Clinical Instructor in the Department of Medicine, for one year from July 1, 1930, on a four-quarter basis.Glen Henry Morey, as Instructor in the Department of Chemistry, forone year from October 1, 1930, on a one-half time basis.Ruth Nomland, as Clinical Instructor in the Department of Dermatology at Rush Medical College, for one year from July 1, 1930.Walter J. Siemsen, as Instructor in Pediatrics and Resident Physicianin the Department of Pediatrics, for one year from July 1, 1930.Dr. Manuel Spiegel, as Instructor in the Department of Obstetrics andGynecology, for one year from October 1, 1930.S. A. Stouffer, as Instructor in the Department of Sociology, for oneyear from October 1, 1930, on a one-half time basis.H. W. Taylor, as Instructor in the Department of English, for one yearfrom October 1, 1930.Clarence Hungerford Webb, as Instructor in the Department of Pediatrics, for one year from July 1, 1930.Lila Welch, as Instructor in Home Economics in the College of Education, for the Spring Quarter, 1930.200 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDMars M. Westington, as Instructor in the Department of Latin, for oneyear from October 1, 1930.Elizabeth B. Williams, as Instructor in the Department of English, forone year from October 1, 1930.Dr. E. S. Guzman Barron, as Research Associate in the Department ofMedicine, for one year from September 1, 1930, on a four-quarter basis.Dr. Minerva Morse, as Research Associate in the Department of Pediatrics, for one year from May 1, 1930.Bert I. Beverly, as Clinical Associate in the Department of Pediatricsat Rush Medical College, for one year from July 1, 1930.Proctor C. Waldo, as Clinical Associate in the Department of Pediatrics, at Rush Medical College, for one year from July 1, 1930.Henry Porter Chandler, as Lecturer in the Law School, for the SpringQuarter, 1930.Dr. Margaret W. Gerard, as Lecturer in the Graduate School of SocialService Administration, for the Spring Quarter, 1930.Istar A. Haupt, as Lecturer in the Department of Political Science, forone year from July 1, 1930.Joseph Pijoan, as Lecturer in the Department of Art, for one quarterfrom April 1, 1931.Russell Whitman, as Lecturer in the Law School, for the Spring Quarter, 1930.Dr. E. H. Zweifel, as Visiting Lecturer in the Department of Obstetricsand Gynecology, for two weeks from May 24, 1930.Roderick Duncan McKenzie, to give instruction in the Department ofSociology, for two quarters from October 1, 1930.Zoe Smith Bradley, as Teacher in the Laboratory Schools, for one yearfrom October 1, 1930.Lydia J. Roberts, as Chairman of the Department of Home Economics,for three years from October 1, 1930.A. J. Brumbaugh, as Associate Dean of the Colleges, for one year fromOctober 1, 1930.J. G. Kerwin, as Dean in the Colleges for the Autumn Quarter, 1930,and the Winter and Spring quarters, 1931.E. F. Haden, as Secretary of the Department of Junior College Languages, for one year from October 1, 1930.Frances Gillespie, as Secretary of the Department of History, for oneyear from October 1, 1930.Adeline D. Link, to serve as Departmental Counselor in Chemistryduring four quarters of 1930-31.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 201John C. Dinsmore, as Superintendent of University Clinics, for oneyear from July i, 1930.W. F. Cramer, as Assistant Examiner of the University, for one yearfrom July 1, 1930.Dr. Margaret Gerard, as Psychiatrist in the University Health Service,for two years from July 1, 1930.M. Aurilla Wood, as Placement Counselor in the office of the Board ofVocational Guidance and Placement, for one year from July 1, 1930.John C. Kennan, as Placement Counselor in the office of the Board ofVocational Guidance and Placement, for one year from July 1, 1930.Isabel Bering, as Social Case Worker in the Graduate School of SocialService Administration, for six months from April 1, 1930.Irene Dorothy Milliken, as Psychiatric Social Worker in the GraduateSchool of Social Service Administration, on a one-half time basis, for sixmonths from March 26, 1930.Wright Adams, as Assistant Resident Physician in the Department ofMedicine, for eleven months from May 1, 1930.Dr. T. W. Martin, as Acting Resident Physician in the Department ofMedicine, from April 10 to July 1, 1930.PROMOTIONSThe following promotions were enacted during the Spring Quarter,1930:Percival Bailey, to a professorship in the Department of Surgery, effective July 1, 1930.Garfield V. Cox, to a professorship in the School of Commerce and Administration, for five years from October 1, 1930.Lester R. Dragstedt, to a professorship in the Department of Surgery,effective August 1, 1930.Gertrude Dudley, to a professorship in the Department of PhysicalCulture, effective October 1, 1930.Samuel N. Harper, to a professorship in the Department of RussianLanguages and Literature, effective July 1, 1930.M. S. Kharasch, to a professorship in the Department of Chemistry, effective October 1, 1930.J. L. Palmer, to a professorship in the School of Commerce and Administration, for five years from October 1, 1930.Edith Rickert, to a professorship in the Department of English, forthree years from October 1, 1930.Lydia J. Roberts, to a professorship in the Department of Home Economics, effective October 1, 1930.202 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDH. B. Van Dyke, to a professorship in the Department of PhysiologicalChemistry and Pharmacology, effective October i, 1930.T. O. Yntema, to a professorship in the School of Commerce and Administration, for five years from October 1, 1930.Samuel W. Becker, to an associate professorship in dermatology in theDepartment of Medicine, for three years, effective July 1, 1930.R. G. Bloch, to an associate professorship in the Department of Medicine, for three years, effective July 1, 1930.Louis Bothman, to an associate clinical professorship in ophthalmology,in the Department of Surgery, for three years, effective July 1, 1930.L. M. Graves, to an associate professorship in the Department of Mathematics, for three years from October 1, 1930.J. G. Kerwin, to an associate professorship in the Department of Political Science, for three years from October 1, 1930.Dr. Louis Leiter, to an associate professorship in the Department ofMedicine, for three years, effective July 1, 1930.Mayme I. Logsdon, to an associate professorship in the Department ofMathematics, for three years from October 1, 1930.Dr. C. P. Miller, Jr., to an associate professorship in the Department ofMedicine, for three years, effective July 1, 1930.Frank H. O'Hara, to an associate professorship in the Department ofEnglish, for three years from October 1, 1930.Dr. W. L. Palmer, to an associate professorship in the Department ofMedicine, for three years from October 1, 1930.Robert Redfield, to an associate professorship in the Department of Anthropology, for three years from October 1, 1930.Gertrude E. Smith, to an associate professorship in the Department ofGreek, for three years from October 1, 1930.Otto Struve, to an associate professorship in the Department of Astronomy, for three years from July 1, 1930.Edith Ballwebber, to an assistant professorship in the Department ofPhysical Culture, for three years from October 1, 1930.G. V. Bobrinskoy, to an assistant professorship in the Department ofComparative Philology, for three years from July 1, 1930.Dr. Edward Buckman, to an assistant clinical professorship in the Department of Surgery (Genito-Urinary) at Rush Medical College, for oneyear from July 1, 1930.Dr. Michael Higgins Ebert, to an assistant clinical professorship in theDepartment of Dermatology at Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1930.Dr. Paul Christopher Fox, to an assistant clinical professorship in theTHE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 203Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Rush Medical College, forone year from July 1, 1930.Mary K. Heiner, to an assistant professorship in the Department ofHome Economics, for three years from July 1, 1930.Barton Hoag, to an assistant professorship in the Department of Physics, for three years from July 1, 1930.Marshall Knappen, to an assistant professorship in the Department ofHistory, for three years from October 1, 1930.Dr. George Henry Jackson, Jr., to an assistant clinical professorship inthe Department of Surgery at Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1930.Dr. Edwin McGinnis, to an assistant clinical professorship in the Department of Laryngology and Otology at Rush Medical College, for oneyear from July 1, 1930.H. L. Schmitz, to an assistant professorship in the Department of Medicine, for three years from July 1, 1930.E. U. Still, to an assistant professorship in the Department of Physiology, for one year from October 1, 1930.Dr. Knowlton E. Barber, to a clinical instructorship in the Departmentof Surgery (Genito-Urinary) at Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1930.Dr. Leo K. Campbell, to a clinical instructorship in the Department ofMedicine at Rush Medical College, for one year from July 1, 1930.Dr. Eduard L. Chainski, to a clinical instructorship in the Departmentof Laryngology and Otology at Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1930.Dr. Roy Herndon Cox, to a clinical instructorship in the Departmentof Surgery (Genito-Urinary) at Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1930.Dr. Louis T. Curry, to a clinical instructorship in the Department ofLaryngology and Otology at Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1930.Dr. Marion Shelley Fink, to a clinical instructorship in the Departmentof Dermatology at Rush Medical College, for one year from July 1, 1930.Dr. Alexander Garegin Gabrielianz, to a clinical instructorship in theDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Rush Medical College, forone year from July 1, 1930.Dr. Paul S. Rhoades, to a clinical instructorship in the Department ofMedicine at Rush Medical College, for one year from July 1, 1930.Dr. Jesse H. Roth, to a clinical instructorship in the Department of204 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDLaryngology and Otology at Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly i, 1930.Dr. Andrew Joseph Sullivan, to a clinical instructorship in the Department of Surgery (Genito-Urinary) at Rush Medical College, for one yearfrom July 1, 1930.Dr. Richard W. Watkins, to a clinical instructorship in the Department of Laryngology and Otology at Rush Medical College, for one yearfrom July 1, 1930.Dr. Charles Grafton Weller, to a clinical instructorship in the Department of Surgery (Genito-Urinary) at Rush Medical College, for one yearfrom July 1, 1930.Dr. William J. Yonker, to a clinical instructorship in the Departmentof Laryngology and Otology at Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1930.Dr. John Sherman Ashby, to a clinical associateship in the Departmentof Medicine at Rush Medical College, for one year from July 1, 1930.Dr. Esther Frankel, to a clinical associateship in the Department ofMedicine (Physiotherapy) at Rush Medical College, for one year fromJuly 1, 1930.Dr. Roland Parks Mackay, to a clinical associateship in the Department of Medicine (Neurology) at Rush Medical College, for one yearfrom July 1, 1930.Dr. William John Vynalek, to a clinical associateship in the Department of Surgery (Genito-Urinary) at Rush Medical College, for one yearfrom July 1, 1930.George R. Moon, from Assistant to the Examiner to Research Assistant in the office of the University Recorder and Examiner, for one yearfrom July 1, 1930.RETIREMENTMr. Horace Spencer Fiske, who has completed his thirty-sixth year ofservice in the University, retired from active service July 1, 1930. Mr.Fiske 's first connection with the University was as Lecturer in the Extension Division of the University in 1894. Since that time he has been Assistant Recorder of the University, Editor of the University Record, Editor of the University of Chicago Magazine, and most recently Editor ofthe University News Letter.RESIGNATIONSMr. Lionel D. Edie resigned as Professor of Finance in the School ofCommerce and Administration as of May 8, 1930.Dr. Theodore G. Soares' resignation as Professor of Religious Educa-THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 205tion and Head of the Department of Practical Theology has been accepted, effective September 30, 1930. Dr. Soares' connection with the University is of twenty-five years' duration. He has accepted an invitation tobecome professor of ethics at the California Institute of Technology andminister of the Pasadena Union Liberal Church.David H. Stevens resigned as Associate Dean of the Faculties, effectiveJuly 1, 1930. Mr. Stevens is leaving to accept a position with the GeneralEducation Board for which he has been doing special work during the lastsix months.Herbert O. Crisler resigned his position as Assistant Professor in theDepartment of Physical Culture and Athletics, effective March 31, 1930,to accept a position at the University of Minnesota.DEATHProfessor Emeritus Karl Pietsch, of the Department of Romance, diedApril 1, 1930. Mr. Pietsch 's service in the University began in 1896.GIFTSMr. Max Epstein has subscribed $50,000 through the University to theProvident Hospital and Training School for the purpose of establishingwithin the building or buildings of the hospital an out-patient departmentof the hospital which will be operated as the Max Epstein Clinic of theProvident Hospital. Mr. Epstein states in making the gift that it is an evidence of his "desire to extend the usefulness of the Max Epstein Clinic ofthe University of Chicago in the care of patients and in the teaching ofmedicine."The Baron Hirsch Woman's Club has executed an agreement to contribute to the University $10,000 a year toward the support of a cardiacclinic in the out-patient department of the University Clinics to be calledthe "Baron Hirsch Woman's Club Cardiac Clinic." The funds providedare to be used toward the support of cardiac patients in hospitals of theUniversity Clinics and toward the support of a social service worker forthe cardiac clinics.A former graduate student in the University of Chicago has given tothe University $15,000 in cash on an annuity basis, to establish the L. J.Lamson Scholarship Fund. The net income, following the donor's death,is to be used for scholarships or fellowships to men or women students, oncondition that the recipients shall undertake to contribute to otherstoward their educational expenses a sum equal to that they may receive,or more, on like condition. In this way the donor hopes that the passingon of funds will continue ad infinitum and that the obligation incurred by2o6 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDacceptance of aid will in every case be considered "a sacred personaltrust."Dr. Joseph B. DeLee has pledged $10,000 for the purpose of namingthe lecture-room of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in theLying-in Hospital in memory of his mother, Dora DeLee, from whom hereceived great inspiration for his work.The Extension Fund Committee of International House has pledged$12,250 for the support of the University's work with foreign students forthe year 1930-31.The Carnegie Corporation has appropriated $25,000, payable $5,000annually for five years beginning 1929-30, for support of a Journal ofLibrary Science.A pledge of $7,000 has been received from the Otho S. A. Sprague Memorial Institute to support the research work of Professor Karl S. Lash-ley, of the Department of Psychology, for the year 1930-31.The Friendship Fund, Inc., has pledged $6,000 for the work of Associate Professor Samuel N. Harper in Russian Language and Institutionsfor the year 1930-31.Cash and securities having a market value of $1,727.85 have been received from the Helen M. Crittenden Memorial Fund for the use of theSchool of Social Service Administration.Dr. Edward J. Van Liere, of West Virginia University, Morgantown,West Virginia, has endowed a research fellowship in memory of his deceased wife by the gift of $3,000. The fellowship is to be known as the"Helen Kimmins Van Liere Research Fellowship" and is to be awarded toa student of medical science in the Department of Physiology recommended by Dr. A. J. Carlson.Fellowships of $3,000 and $2,500, respectively, have been awarded bythe Julius Rosenwald Fund to Dr. Franz Alexander, of Berlin, to enablehim to serve as Visiting Professor of Abnormal Psychology or Psychiatryin the Department of Medicine, and to Mr. M. W. Shock, for studies inphysiology and biochemistry. The Julius Rosenwald Fund has also awarded a scholarship of $200 to Mr. Herbert Jenkins in the School of SocialService Administration.A gift of $1,000 has been received from the Edward W. Hazen Foundation, Inc., Haddam, Connecticut, for scholarships for selected individualsattending the Summer Quarter courses of Richard H. Edwards, a visitinglecturer in the Divinity School.The American-German Exchange Fellowship has been renewed for theacademic year 1930^3 1 by the pledge of $1,000, received from the ChicagoBranch of the American- German Student Exchange.THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 207Dr. Lester E. Frankenthal has given $2,683.50 to the Medical Libraryfund for the purchase of the Ahlfeld library in gynecology and obstetrics.Dr. Byron C. Meacher, of Portage, Wisconsin, has contributed $300 tothe Frank Billings Clinic.An anonymous donor has given $500 to the University for the use ofUniversity College.The following grants for research investigations have been received:$5,000 from the Glycerine Producers' Association for certain glycerine research work under Dr. A. J. Carlson's direction; $1,200 from the Anasar-cin Chemical Company of Winchester, Tennessee, for a fellowship in theDepartment of Pharmacology for study of Squill compounds; $1,000 fromthe General Electric X-Ray Corporation for research in diathermy in theDepartment of Physiology; and $200 from the Sandoz Chemical Works,Inc., New York City, toward the expenses of certain experiments withSquill compounds in the Department of Pharmacology.Mrs. William H. Moore, of New York City, has pledged $25,000 to thework of the Oriental Institute.A grant of $12,280 has been received from the National Council for investigation in the biology of sex under the direction of Dr. Frank R. Lillie,of the Department of Zoology.The National Research Council has granted the University $9,400 forstudies in the physiological chemistry of sex hormones under the directionof Dr. F. C. Koch, of the Department of Physiological Chemistry.The sum of $1,800 has been contributed by an anonymous donor forthe support of work under the direction of Professor E. J. Kraus, in theDepartment of Botany.An appropriation of $750 has been made by the National ResearchCouncil for the purchase by Dr. W. D. Harkins, of the Department ofChemistry, of a comparator for use in measuring spectrographic plates.Mrs. R. R. Donnelley has pledged $500 toward the salary of Mr. Ernest Cadman Colwell, of the Department of New Testament, for the year1930-31.The Sigma Alumnae Association has given the University $300 for ascholarship fund for the year 1930-31.An anonymous donor has contributed $50 for the purchase of a Greekchurch manuscript for the Department of New Testament.A gift has been received from the Yale University Press of certain of itspublications in the field of government and international relations, for theuse of the Department of Political Science, in memory of William HowardTaft, B.A., Yale, 1878, and Arthur Twining Hadley, B.A., Yale, 1876.The University has received from Mrs. Frank R. Lillie Alfeo Faggi's208 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDDante door as a companion to the St. Francis door which she gave sometime ago. These doors will be used in the new art building when it is built.Mr. John Mills, of New York City, has provided three new pieces ofapparatus for use in the work of Dr. Edmund Jacobson, of the Department of Physiology.The General Education Board has appropriated to the University$1,000,000 toward $2,000,000 needed for the construction, equipment,and endowment for upkeep of two buildings, one for the Department ofHygiene and Bacteriology and one for the Department of Anatomy.Mrs. Anna L. Raymond has given to the University securities havingan aggregate value of $36,000, to create through income received threescholarships in the Law School of $600 per annum, each, to be known asthe James Nelson Raymond Scholarships and awarded by the Dean tothose students who are in need of financial assistance and who by reasonof their intellectual abilities, strength of character, personal qualities, andother similar factors seem to him most worthy of assistance.MISCELLANEOUSThe activities which have been housed in Kimbark Hall of the Schoolof Education are being moved to an apartment building at 5821-23 Dorchester Avenue on account of the razing of Kimbark Hall to make wayfor the new graduate education building.Traveling fellowships have been granted to the following members ofthe Medical School Faculty: Dr. Samuel W. Becker, Dr. Paul C. B.ucy,Dr. Alexander Brunschwig, and Dr. C. B. Huggins.BRIEF RECORDS OF THE QUARTERImprovements continue to be madewithin the main group of quadrangles.Following the removal, some time ago,of the useless driveway in front of Blake,Gates, and Goodspeed Halls, the cementdriveway south of Kent and Jones Laboratories has been replaced by lawn.Sooner or later, no doubt, the drivewayswhich are not essential to access to theseveral buildings within the main groupof quadrangles will have been removed,thereby adding greatly to the charm andquiet of these spaces intended to be secluded.S. H. Nerlove, Assistant Professor ofRisk and Risk-bearing, in the School ofCommerce and Administration, left inJune for Washington, where he will beengaged in financial and economic research in the Department of the Treasury. His special work will be in thedepartment concerned with income taxes,and particularly he will assist in the effort to determine the amount of incomewhich may reasonably be realized in thefuture from the income tax. He will alsomake special investigations for the Treasury Department on various matters connected with its policy.William W. Sweet, Professor of theHistory of American Christianity in theDivinity School since 1927, recently wonthe contest for the best 500-word historyof the United States in a competitionoffered by the Chicago Tribune. Overthree thousand manuscripts were submitted. The award was accompanied bya check for $1,000. Mrs. Mary E. K.Heiner, Instructor in the Department ofHome Economics, received an honorarium of $250 in the same competition.The Art Department, for so long atime occupying inadequate and crampedquarters in the Classics Building andobliged, at times, even to use rooms inthe Billings Hospital for its classes, is tomove to the building at the corner ofEllis Avenue and Sixtieth Street. Thishouse, which it was expected to raze whenthe new men's hall was to occupy theblock between Ellis and Ingleside ave nues, by reason of the change of the site,is now available for the Art Department.The Social Science group, the former occupant, has removed to the new buildingeast of Harper Library. The new quarters will provide excellent facilities untilthe Epstein Museum is built. The site ofthe museum has not yet been determinedby the Board of Trustees.To Dr. Frank Billings on May 5 wastendered a testimonial banquet by theChicago Laryngological and OtologicalSociety, on which occasion addresses weredelivered by men distinguished in medical science, including Dr. George E.Shambaugh, Dr. George Dick, Dr. J.Gordon Wilson, and Dr. Morris Fishbein,the last-named editor of the Journal ofthe American Medical Association. Thehonor was conferred upon Dr. Billings inrecognition of his well-established theoryof what is known as focal infection. Hismany services, stimulating to the progress of medicine in general and to themedical work of the University in particular, are well remembered. It was in1915 that Dr. Billings first announced hisbelief that rheumatism, neuritis, andother nervous disorders might be tracedto infections in the teeth, tonsils, or sinuspassages. Experience has established thetruth of the theory which is recognizedthe world over.The University has leased space in theGage Building, 10—20 South MichiganAvenue, as quarters for the activities ofUniversity College. The lease provides aconsiderable increase in the facilities forthe work of the college and allows it tohave all of its classrooms in the samebuilding with those leased from the Bryant and Stratton Business College. Thenew space consists of the entire eleventhfloor and two-thirds of the eighth floor.Karl Pietsch, Professor Emeritus ofRomance Philology, died on April 1,1930. He was born in Stettin, Germany,January 4, i860. He received the degreeof Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Halle in 1887 and came to theUniversity of Chicago in 1896. Funeral2092IO THE UNIVERSITY RECORDservices were held in Joseph BondChapel, April 4. Professor Pietsch longspecialized in Old Spanish philology, andhis best-known book, Spanish Grail Fragments, is a classic in the field. At thetime of his seventieth birthday ProfessorPietsch received honors from many European universities, his old school, theUniversity of Halle, sending him a special diploma.Dr. Edgar Johnson Goodspeed, Chairman of the Department of New Testament and Early Christian Literature ofthe University and author of The NewTestament — An American Translation,has been appointed a member of the International Council of Religious Education committee for the revision of theAmerican Standard Version of the Bible.Fifteen scholars in the field of biblicalliterature compose the committee, ofwhich Professor Luther Allan Weigle, ofYale, is chairman. The revision is plannedto bring the American Version abreast ofmodern scholarship.Building operations are under way forthe new Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, which is to be the firstlaboratory in the world for the study ofthe origin and development of civilization.Funds for the new building, which willcost, with endowment for physical maintenance, $1,500,000, were provided morethan a year ago by the International Education Board, which also gave a liberalendowment for the scientific projects ofthe institute. The Oriental Institute,which now has seven expeditions alonga two -thousand-mile front in the NearEast uncovering the story of man's pastfrom the time the Sahara was a greenand fertile region, was established in 191 9,when Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., madea personal gift that provided means forthe first investigations. Dr. James H.Breasted formulated the plan and program of the institute, and as its directorhas made it a great center for research inthe history of man's institutions. Threemore expeditions, in addition to those already working, will be organized shortly,Dr. Breasted announced at the time ofthe ground breaking for the institute'snew building. Appointment of ProfessorA. T. Olmstead, formerly of the University of Illinois, as Professor of OrientalHistory ; of Professor Arno Poebel, of theUniversity of Rostock, Germany, as Professor of Sumerology; and of Dr. Emil Forrer, formerly of the University of Berlin, as Associate Professor of Hittology,was also announced by Dr. Breasted. Theinstitute building is to occupy part of thesame block as the University Chapel, andthe architects (Mayers, Murray, & Phillips) have designed a Gothic building oflimestone which will enhance the effectiveness of the University Chapel.The Board of Trustees has voted toplace the two new dormitories for menand women which are soon to be erectedsouth of the Midway on sites other thanthose originally proposed. The men's hallwill be erected on the block betweenEllis and Greenwood avenues, and thatfor women on the block between University and Woodlawn avenues. The changewas made so as to place the buildingsnearer to the lecture halls and classroomsnorth of the Midway, and, especially, tobring the women's hall nearer to IdaNoyes Hall. The change also will putthese halls nearer to the two north-and-south through streets, the present trafficuse of which is sure to be continued.Eventually, it is expected, at least hoped,the block left vacant between the twodormitories will be devoted to libraries,laboratories, a gymnasium, and tenniscourts. The men's dormitory will provide 390 bedrooms, besides a dining-room, library, and a tutor conferenceroom for each of the several quadrangles.Dr. James Hayden Tufts, Professor ofPhilosophy at the University since its beginning in 1892, will become ProfessorEmeritus at the close of the academicyear. Dr. J. C. M. Hanson, Professor inthe Graduate Library School, will also retire from active service at the termination of his appointment year. ProfessorTufts, one of the seven original Facultymembers who are still teaching at theUniversity, has been Chairman of theDepartment of Philosophy since 1905,and served as Vice-President of the University from 1924 to 1926. A formerpresident of the American PhilosophicalAssociation, he is widely known for hiswritings in the field of ethics. For fourteen years he edited the InternationalJournal of Ethics. He will render half-time service in the department during1 930-3 1. Professor Hanson, who came tothe University as Associate Director ofthe Libraries in 1910, after serving forthirteen years as chief of the cataloguedivision of the Library of Congress, es-BRIEF RECORDS OF THE QUARTER 211tablished an indexing and cataloguingsystem now standard in libraries throughout the world. He initiated the classification of the Vatican Library in Rome in1927, after which he returned to theUniversity as Professor in the newly organized Graduate Library School. StorrsB. Barrett, Associate Professor of Astrophysics at the University's Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wisconsin, andSecretary-Librarian of the Observatory,will also retire shortly. He has servedthe University for thirty years.Several important and unusual publications have been announced by theUniversity of Chicago Press. The EdwinSmith Surgical Papyrus, edited by JamesH. Breasted, Chairman of the Department of Oriental Languages and Literatures at the University, will soon be published. The Smith papyrus is the oldestknown scientific treatise surviving fromthe ancient world, and reveals the well-developed medical knowledge of Egypt.A facsimile edition of the Rockefeller Mc-Cormick Manuscript, a ninety-eight-pageilluminated Byzantine New Testament,originally possessed by Michael Palaeolo-gous, emperor of the last Byzantine dynasty, will be reproduced. This codex,beautifully illustrated in color, was foundin Paris three years ago by Dr. Edgar J.Goodspeed, Chairman of the Departmentof New Testament and Early ChristianLiterature. Mrs. Edith Rockefeller Mc-Cormick purchased the manuscript, andloaned it to the New Testament Department of the University for study andreproduction. The Codex Vindobonensis,one of a small group of Mexican manuscripts apparently dating from before theSpanish Conquest, will be published in acareful reproduction. This manuscriptwas one of those sent by Cortez in 151 9to Charles V. It represents a series ofcalendric and astronomical calculationswhich were no doubt the basis for fixingfeast dates or the magical prediction ofastronomic events by the ancient priests.There are also pictorial representations ofgods and persons performing sacrifices.An explanatory text is by Dr. WalterLehmann. Two volumes of 700 pageseach will contain all the census data forthe city of Chicago, for both the censusof 1920 and that of 1930. The work hasbeen edited by Dr. Ernest W. Burgess,Professor of Sociology. It contains allthe recent statistics on Chicago, hereto fore scattered in many reports, whichhave been checked with the family countsof the Chicago City Directory, the Illinois Bell Telephone Company, and theChicago Post-Office.Professor Albert A. Michelson, of theDepartment of Physics, was recentlyawarded the Duddell Medal, of the London Physical Society, for 1930, which isannually awarded to the scientist whomakes a notable contribution to the "advancement of knowledge by the inventionor design of scientific instruments."Dr. Fay-Cooper Cole, Chairman ofthe Department of Anthropology at theUniversity, recently received the goldmedal of the Chicago Geographic Society for his anthropological researches.The presentation speech was made by Dr.James Henry Breasted, who received thesame honor in 1929 for research in Egyptand the Near East. Dr. Cole's ethnological investigations have taken him intothe Philippines, the Malay Peninsula,Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.Appointment of Donald Slesinger, ofYale University, as Professor of Law andexecutive secretary of the Local Community Research Committee in the University, which was recorded in the Aprilissue of the University Record, is the latest action in pursuance of PresidentHutchins' program of interdepartmentalco-operation in teaching and research. Asexecutive secretary of the Local Community Research Committee, ProfessorSlesinger will be administrative head ofa distinguished group of social scientistswho six years ago developed at Chicagoco-operative study of problems first attempted in the country. He takes theplace of Professor Leonard D. White, whorequested release from the position to resume his research work. Professor Sles-inger's original contribution to the cooperative program will be in the LawSchool, in which he is to give, next spring,the first of a series of courses designed torelate the profession of law to the socialsciences. At Yale, Mr. Slesinger was executive secretary of the Yale Institute ofHuman Relations, which was organizedby President Hutchins, while he was deanof the Yale Law School, and Dr. MiltonC. Winternitz, dean of the Yale MedicalSchool.212 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDThe alumni have voluntarily organized to provide, through an annual giftfund, additional income which may beexpended by the administration for theUniversity's most pressing needs withoutrestriction. Because of President Hutchins' plans for increasing the salary levelsof the Faculty, the fund probably will beused for this purpose until other gifts areavailable for this purpose. The new fundis an outgrowth of the part taken by thealumni in the development program inaugurated in 1924 by President Burton,when they pledged more than $2,000,000.Last autumn, when their pledges hadbeen fulfilled, five alumni decided to continue their payments, and offered to theUniversity an annual contribution of$1,000 each. This group, composed ofWilloughby Walling, Donald Trumbull,John Hagey, Paul Davis, and Leo Worm-ser, all of Chicago, suggested that thealumni organize a committee to expandthe fund. L. Brent Vaughn, '97, is chairman of the general committee formed bythe alumni to take charge of raising thefund. More than $30,000 has alreadybeen raised, without general announcement of the fund, through gifts of somethirty alumni ranging in amount from$10 to $5,000.Photostat copies of 160,000 Germanfolk songs are being made in Freiburg,Germany, for the Germanic Departmentof the University. They are to form thecenter of a research project by ProfessorArcher Taylor, Chairman of the department. The photographic shop in Freiburg, in order to do the work within twoyears, has been doubled in size and in thenumber of employees. Funds for the photographic projects have been provided bythe Julius Rosenwald Fund and by Mrs.William A. Wieboldt, wife of the donorof Wieboldt Hall of Modern Languagesat the University.Award of 138 graduate fellowships,which carry stipends ranging in valuefrom $300 to $1,500, have been announced. Both the number of fellowshipsand the average amount of each are thelargest in the University's history. Graduates of American colleges from coast tocoast, representing ninety-four institutions, and graduates of eleven foreignuniversities, are named for the fellowships in thirty -four divisions of the University. One hundred of the grants havebeen made to men, but of the twenty- four "special Fellows" announced, tenare women.Father Berard Haile, Franciscan monkand for many years a missionary amongthe Navajo Indians of Arizona, hasjoined the scientific staff of the University as research associate in anthropology.Father Haile has combined his missionarywork with scientific observation and isregarded as an outstanding authority onthe customs and language of this Indiangroup. Because of the value of his investigations he has been relieved of his missionary work by his order and will spendthe summer among the Apaches of NewMexico.University preachers for the SpringQuarter were as follows: April 6 and 13,Harold E. B. Speight, D.D., Professor ofBiography, Dartmouth College; April20, Rev. Charles W. Gilkey, D.D., Deanof the University Chapel; April 27, Rev.Justin W. Nixon, D.D., Brick Presbyterian Church, Rochester, New York;May 4, Rev. Herbert L. Willett, Ph.D.,Professor Emeritus of Old TestamentLanguage and Literature, University ofChicago; May n, Rev. Ozora S. Davis,LL.D., President Emeritus, Chicago Theological Seminary ; May 18, Rev. RobertRussell Wicks, D.D., Dean of the University Chapel, Princeton University;May 25, Rev. Harry Emerson Fosdick,LL.D., pastor, Riverside Church, NewYork City: Professor, Practical Theology, Union Theological Seminary; June 1,Rev. W. R. Bowie, D.D., Grace Church,New York City; June 8, ConvocationSunday, Dean Gilkey.The heating and ventilating systems ofBlaine and Belfield Halls of the School ofEducation are to be extensively repaired,at a cost of approximately $30,000.The ornamental carvings for the Oriental Institute are under discussion. Forthe tympanum the subject will doubtlessbe the West learning from the East. Thesymbolism will consist of the sun introduced at the top of the compositionspreading its rays throughout. In thebackground will be pyramids and palmtrees, and one one side an ancient manand on the other a modern man. Thepanel in the gable over the main entrance is to represent the Egyptian TimeGod. The six shields at the top of theBRIEF RECORDS OF THE QUARTER 213buttress on the north fagade are to havepanels representative of oriental civilizations.So greatly improved are those portions of the Quadrangles where cementdriveways have been turned into lawnsthat the area east of Cobb Hall is to beimproved by rearrangement of sidewalksand the removal of the remainder of theold roadway.Bobs Roberts Hospital, which hasbeen in use since May 1, was dedicatedwith appropriate exercises on June 9. Theaddress was delivered by Dr. F. W.Schlutz, director of the hospital.A model assembly of the League ofNations in which many students, presumably representing the many nationswhich are members of the League, washeld in Mandel Hall, May 28 and 29.These model sessions are highly informing, indicating the manner in which theLeague conducts its affairs and showingthe manifold ways in which it is helpingto preserve world-peace and to improveinternational relations.Five experts on international relationsas lecturers for the seventh annual institute of the Harris Foundation, justheld at the University in June, havebeen appointed. They are Yusuke Tsu-rumi, former member of the Japaneseparliament ; Victor Andres Belaunde, former minister plenipotentiary in the Peruvian diplomatic service ; Percy E. Cor-bett, dean of the Law School of McGillUniversity; George H. Blakeslee, professor of international relations at ClarkUniversity; and George Young, formerattache in the British diplomatic service.This year's institute, which is to be devoted to "American Foreign Policy,"was opened on June 16 with an addressby Mr. Young, and was concluded onJune 27.Dr. E. S. Bastin, of the Department ofGeology, will spend the latter part of thesummer in northern Mexico as a member of an expedition under the joint auspices of the University of Michigan andthe National Research Council. The expedition will study the geology and botany of the San Carlos Mountains inTamaulipas, Mexico, a laccolithic uplift of unusual interest structurally, petro-graphically, and for its ore deposits. JHarlen Bretz will spend part of the summer in a resurvey of the geology of theChicago region for the Illinois GeologicalSurvey.The Chicago Theological Seminary(Congregational) celebrated its seventy-fifth anniversary, June 1-4, with conferences, banquets and other appropriategatherings. At the same time, most happily, Dr. Albert W. Palmer was inaugurated as president, successor to Dr. OzoraS. Davis, recently retired. Impressiveservices were held in the UniversityChapel. The seminary is affiliated withthe University and closely allied with theDivinity School.David H. Stevens, Professor of English, Associate Dean of Faculties andformerly Assistant to the President, towhom was granted last year a leave ofabsence to assist the General EducationBoard in a special field of education, hasresigned. He has been appointed director of college education under the General Education Board and began his formal service July 1. He was connectedwith the University from 19 13, when firsthe served as an associate in English,steadily rising in rank to a full professorship in 1925. He was an effective teacher,a scholarly author, and a tactful, helpfuladministrative officer. He will be sorelymissed by the entire University community.On April 10, there was unveiled inSwift Common Room a successful portrait of Professor Edgar J. Goodspeed,painted by the young portraitist, PaulTrebilcock of Chicago. The artist is already represented at the University byhis portrait of Dean Shailer Mathews.The portrait, which is reproduced in thisissue, was presented to the University byMrs. Joseph Bond, the donor of BondChapel. Its frame is an original fifteenth-century Venetian piece that richly setsoff the portrait.Two new laboratories, to cost $2,000,-000, are in prospect, President Hutchinsannounced during the Alumni Reunion.One is to be devoted to hygiene and bacteriology, and the other to anatomy.Informal information has been receivedfrom the General Education Board thatit will provide $1,000,000 toward thecost if the remaining $1,000,000 is pro-214 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDvided otherwise. Half the board's allotment, $500,000, will be turned over assoon as half the amount to be subscribedotherwise is produced.Bishop Francis J. McConnell, president of the Federal Council of theChurches of Christ in North America, hasbeen named as the next Barrows Lecturerto the university centers of India. BishopMcConnell will reach India next November and remain there for three months.The theme of his lectures will be the application of Christianity to social problems and movements.Dr. Theodore G. Soares has resignedas Professor of Religious Education andHead of the Department of PracticalTheology in order to accept an appointment at the California Institute of Technology and to become minister of thePasadena Union Liberal Church. TheTrustees of the University expressed tohim through Secretary Moulds their"deep regret at this severance of the tieswhich have endured so happily for manyyears. They are mindful of your distinguished service in the field of religiouseducation and of your constructive leadership in the University and the community in the practical development ofChristianity. The years during whichyou served as chaplain have left a deepimprint upon the lives of thousands ofstudents who remember with gratitudethe help and inspiration which you gavethem to enlarge and enrich their lives." J. Spencer Dickerson, elected a member of the Board of Trustees in 1909, andHoward G. Grey, elected in 1900, haveeach been elected honorary Trustees.Martin A. Ryerson, a member of theBoard since the incorporation of theUniversity, second president of the Boardand for twenty-five successive years elected to this office, will be chosen honorarypresident of the Board.Members of the University are againreminded that before portraits intendedfor gifts to the University are acceptablethe proposed painter of the portrait mustbe approved, and after completion of thework it, too, must be submitted for approval to the Committee on Buildingsand Grounds of the Board of Trustees.Failure to take these preliminary stepsmay cause the rejection of the picture, anaction embarrassing alike to donors,painter, committee, and University authorities. J. Spencer Dickerson may beconsulted with reference to methods ofprocedure for obtaining for the University these valuable and interesting memorials of men and women who havemade history for the institution.Miss Sophonisba P. Breckinridge,Professor of Social Economy and Deanin the Colleges, has been appointed a delegate to the Pan-American Child WelfareConference which met in July in Lima,Peru. It will be recalled that Miss Breckinridge is a member of the governor'scommittee on child welfare legislation inIllinois, and of the White House conference on child welfare.ATTENDANCE IN THE SPRING QUARTER, 1930June, 1930 June, 1929GainMen Women Total Men Women Total LossI. Arts, Literature, and Science:i. Graduate Schools —376487 326138 702625 375474 323141 698615 410Total 86378070514 464S84S6731 r,3271,3641,27245 84973568113 46458650929 i,3i31,3211,19042 14438232. The Colleges—TuniorTotal i,4992,3621074639 1,1821,646372125 2,6814,00814467514 1,4292,2781483826 1,1241,588302136 2,5533,86617859512 12814212Total Arts, Literature, andII. Pr,oeessional Schools:i. Divinity School —34Chicago Theological Seminary —20Total i83187 5626 239213 239182 5i21 290203 10 Si2. Graduate Schools of Medicine —#Ogden Graduate School of Science —2 2 2 2Total 1891499117 2698 21514108125 184151001171 2121010 20517no1271 10Rush Medical College —32Third Year 21Total 230419211134191 1743124 247462223138191 233409239129382 224182 25545o247131382 127 8Total (less duplicates) 3. Law School —. 24191Total 3652 1655 38157 4088 1044 41852 5 374. College of Education —1 1 2 1 5 6 4Total 3S313427 568201 596115428 94914264 4941921 585316185 1835. School of Commerce and Administration —76Total 196152 29912146 2251062347 201III1 26612275 227722385 34 26. Graduate^ School of Social ServiceAdministration —2 41Total 1831,1873,549327 12293311,9773i 14012i,5i85,526358 1311,2803,558316 9562781,86626 1087i,5585,424342 325102167 . Graduate Schoolof Library Science-Total Professional Schools .Total University (in Quad 40Net total (in Quadrangles) . 3,222 1,946 5,i68 3,242 1,840 5,082 86[Continued on page 216]2l6 THE UNIVERSITY RECORDATTENDANCE IN THE SPRING QUARTER, 1930— ContinuedJune, 1930 June, 1929 Gain LossMen Women Total Men Women TotalIII. University College —Graduates 2231127361 346S83152203 569695225264 2011159493 367621168268 568736262361 14137Unclassified 97Total 4693,6gi313,66o 1,2843,230303,200 i,7536,921616,860 5033,745403,755 1,4243,264283,236 1,9277,009666,941 174Grand total 88Deduct for duplicates 7Net total in the University . . 81ATTENDANCE IN THE SPRING QUARTER, 1930Graduate Undergraduate UnclassifiedArts, Literature, and Science 1,327219213247223 2,636 4520Divinity School Graduate Schools of Medicine —Ogden Graduate School of Science Rush Medical College 2Law School 1575715627 1College of Education 2School of Commerce and Administration ....Graduate School of Social Service Administration 6110612 87Graduate School of Library Science Total (in the Quadrangles) 2,4082l82,I90 3,0331382,895 85Duplicates 2Net total in the Quadrangles 83University College 569 920 264Grand total in the University 2,75919 3,8l542 347Duplicates Net total in the University 2,740 3,7736,860 347Grand total DEAN EDITH ABBOTTOrator, Autumn Convocation