ftbe University of CbicaaoPrice $J.00 founded by john d. rockefeller Single CopiesPer Year 5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGOHbe TIlnivergttE of Gbicaao iPressVOL. IV, NO. 16. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. JULY 21, 1899.Entered in the post office Chioag-o, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS.I. Official Notices - 93II. Honor to Professor Moore 93111. New Honor to Professor Michelson - 93IV. The University Elementary School - 94-95V. The Calendar 95-96Official Notices.Official copies of the University Record for theuse of students may be found in the corridors andhalls of the various buildings in the University quadrangles. Students are requested to make themselvesacquainted with the official actions and notices of theUniversity, as published from week to week in theUniversity Record.The Annual Summer Conference of Correspondence-study instructors and students will be held in theChapel, Cobb Hall, Monday, July 24, at 4: 00 p.m. Themeeting will be given over to a discussion by instructors and students of the aim, method, and possibilitiesof correspondence work. All are invited to attend,The Final Examination of William Gillespie forthe degree of Ph.D. will be held Saturday, July 22, at3:00 p.m., in Room 36, Ryerson Physical Laboratory.Principal subject, Mathematics ; secondary subject,Physics. Thesis : "Determination of all hyperellipticintegrals of the first kind of genus 3 reducible toelliptic integrals by transformations of the second andthird degrees." Committee : Professor Bolza, Associate Professor S. W. Stratton, Assistant ProfessorStieglitz, and all other members of the departmentsimmediately concerned. Honor to Professor Moore.The philosophical faculty of the University ofGottingen, at the recent dedication of the monumenterected in honor of Karl Friedrich Gauss and Wil-helm Weber, conferred the title of doctor philosophieshonoris causa upon seven foreign scientists, viz.:Professor Howard Darwin, of Cambridge, England ;Hermann Geitel and Professor Hadamard, of Paris;Heinrich Anton Lorenz, London; August Righi,Bonn ; Robert Sterneck, Vienna, and ProfessorEliakim Hastings Moore, head of the department ofmathematics, in the University of Chicago.New Honor to Professor Michelson.The Duke of Devonshire, as chancellor of Cambridge University, conferred on June 2, 1899, an honorary degree on Professor Michelson, of Chicago. Thepublic orator in presenting Professor Michelson'scandidature for the degree described him as " one ofthe most brilliant investigators in the domain of lightand radiation." This is the second honor which hasrecently come to Professor Michelson, the head of thedepartment of Physics at the University. "A fewmonths ago he was elected to Foreign membership inthe Royal Institution for the Advancement of Science.Professor Michelson is one of the best known physicists in America. He has achieved great success in aspecial study of light and electrical phenomena. Hisinventions in the way of instruments for measuringand experimenting with light waves are numerousand valuable."94 UNIVERSITY RECORDThe University Elementary School.[Continuation of work reported in the University Recokd,Jan. 27 and April 14, 1899. Average age of children, nine anda half years.]In studying the Revolution of 1776 more attentionhas been paid to finding out why certain places wereselected for attack and the causes on which successor defeat depended, than upon the actual battles.From their knowledge of the French and Indian Warthe children were able to name Quebec as one of thestrongest forts, and to give as a reason for. wishing tohold it, the fact that it controlled the entrance to thenorthwest country. When asked, therefore, what theAmerican army would attempt to do, they thought ofthis, and concluded that a division of the army wouldbe sent there. The route that the army would takewas traced on the map.In studying the battle of Lake Champlain, the chiefinterest was found in discovering that Arnold was ageneral, and not an admiral, and had therefore triedon water the tactics he would have used on land.They found, also, that the gunboats of the time possessed but one cannon each, and were made in a fewmonths from the rough logs.Each member of the class has a copy of The Boysof '76, by Coffin, and most of the reading has beendone at home. The disastrous campaigns of the earlypart of 1777 were not talked over much, but the childrenfelt that if Washington could win one decided victory,the tide of affairs might turn. They also suggestedthat if the British army could be met in sections,their superior numbers might be overcome. By reference to their book they found that — owing to desertions — Washington had only 1700 men, while theBritish had 10,000 ; and that Cornwallis, feeling thatit was not necessary to crush this small number atonce, had divided his men up to make the provisioning of them for the winter easier. He had stationed2000 at Trenton, 2000 at Princeton, etc. They thenread of these battles, and decided that their greatesteffect would be in restoring the confidence of theAmericans in their general.What the colonies would do when the English hadsurrendered was asked ? The children said that theywould govern themselves, and thought that the renunciation of the English government should be doneformally. When asked how this could be done, someof the class thought of the Declaration of Independence. We then tried to discover what departmentsin the new government to be formed would best becontrolled by a central authority. After discussionthe children concluded that foreign affairs, duties andcustoms, post roads, coining of money, dealing with the Indians, the control of the army and laying of taxeswould have to be decided by a central government.They worked out also, the three great departments ofgovernment — the executive, the legislative, and thejudicial.When the boundaries of the United States at thetreaty of 1783 were looked up on the map, the childreninquired how we got the rest of the land, so the question of how the successive additions of territory wereobtained was taken up, including Hawaii and thePhilippines.At the close of each period studied, the class as awhole sums up orally the events and decides upon ageneral outline ; then each child writes his own record.Problems in number work which come up in connection with work in any department are solvedin the period given to number work. One of theseproblems has been the conversion into U. S. currencyof a sum of money received by Washington, amounting to four hundred and ten Spanish dollars, sevenEnglish crowns, ten and a half English shillings, anda half French crown. In working out the amountsome of the children had difficulty with the multiplication, so the tables were formulated. This was doneby taking first those upon which others depend, e. g.fthey were shown that four was two twos, eight, twofours, etc., so that having worked out the sum of anynumber of twos and put it in the form of a multiplication table, by doubling that result they would havethe table for the fours ; and by doubling the result ofthe fours, they would have the table for eights, etc.In the last report of the Science work, the childrenhad discovered that places on the same parallel oflatitude have different temperatures, and had foundthe general causes affecting climate. They took upnext the causes of seasons, and after demonstratingwith a globe and a Bunsen burner to represent thesun, where the coldest and the warmest places wouldbe, drew diagrams showing how the earth would beaffected if its axis were parallel to the sun, how if atright angles, and how at the inclination of 23J£ degrees.In doing this they had, of course, to learn the revolutions of the earth upon its axis and about the sun.They then worked out — using clay models on a smallscale of earth and moon, with the Bunsen burner forthe sun — the "phases" of the moon ; and discussedthe revolutions of the moon upon its axis and aboutthe earth, of the earth upon its axis and about thesun — and of the sun and all the planets about a stillmore distant center.In Botany they have been studyicg modes of propagation other than by seeds. Most of the children knewof the practice of " slipping " plants, and when this wasUNIVERSITY RECORD 95. discussed, said that the important thing was to get ashoot with a bud on it. What sort of plants could beslipped was talked about, and geranium slips planted.The question of the best way of cutting a slip broughtout the problem as to whether a stem cut at rightangles or obliquely would give the greatest area forroots, and this problem was demonstrated geometrically in the time devoted to number work.The importance given to " Homespun " during Revolutionary times made the children especially valuethe lessons on spinning and weaving which were giventhem during this quarter. They worked out theevolution of spinning from the use of the twig asa spindle to the advantage of cards and the improvedwheel.In cooking the work of the year has been reviewedby gathering together all that has been learned inorder to classify it. They found two general divisionsof food, which they labeled with Roman numerals, andunder each placed the sub-headingsI. Vegetable foods:1) Cellulose.2) Starch.3) Water.4) Mineral salts.5) Fat (small amount). II. Animal foods :1) Connective tissue.2) Albumen.3) Water.4) Mineral salts.5) Fat (large amount).One of the children observed that there were only afew things of which foods are composed, and these wenamed "food principles." The question was asked" Why, then, are foods so different," so we examinedthe foods to find the different proportions in whichfood principles are combined. In working out rulesfor cooking, we reduced the. things to be found outabout each food to two general principles : (1) Theaction of heat and water on the different food principleswhich will prepare them in the most digestible condition ; and (2) a crude analysis of foods, in order thatthe first rule may be applied.In connection with their cooking, each group has itsturn in preparing its own luncheon at school, and forthis children are delegated in turn to set the table andwait upon it. As the members of this group now perform this task easily, some lessons in French havebeen given them, naming the dishes and describingthe process from setting the table to washing thedishes, so that they may use their French while engaged in work. They have also been taught how toask for anything upon the table. They have madelemonade and described the process in French. Otherwork, has been the learning of a French song and theacting out of short stories. From time to time attention is called to grammatical forms they have beenusing, such as formulating the tenses of the verbs. In art work most of the sketching has been doneout of doors, selecting first a simple landscape withplanes of sky and grass and one or two trees, thengradually introducing other objects in succeedingsketches, teaching them how to represent the differencein height and distance. One of the more difficult tasksassigned has been a sketch of the buildings on Ellisavenue and 55th street. It was their first attempt atmassing buildings in the distance. In connection withit a lesson in technique was given, showing how objects must be represented on a flat surface.In music they have had the usual drill in songs andlearning to read and write music.Calendar.JULY 21-29, 1899.Chapel, CobbFriday. July 21.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School.Hall, 10:30 a.m.University Open Lectures :8:30 a.m. " Hebrew Wisdom Literature." President Harper,Congregation Hall, Haskell.11:00 a.m. "Hebrew Religion as compared with other Semitic Religions." Professor Geo. Adam Smith,Congregation Hall, Haskell.11 : 00 a.m. " Dante in English.1' Assistant Professor Howland,C 17, Cobb Hall.4: 00 p.m. "The Literature of the Egyptians." AssistantProfessor Breasted, Congregation Hall, Haskell.4 : 00 p.m. " Contemporary Social Ethics as affecting Educational Methods." Miss Jane Addams, Chapel,Cobb Hall.4:00p.m. "A Union for Defense." Assistant ProfessorSparks, Kent Theater.8:00p.m. "The 'Interpretative Recital' as a Mode ofLiterary Exposition." Professor Moulton, KentTheater.Physics Club meets in Ryerson Physical Laboratory,Room 32, 4:00 p.m.Paper: "Color Photography,"" The Wehnelt Interrupter,' by Professor G. F. Hull;by Mr. A. C. Longden.Mathematical Club meets in Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Room 36, 7:30 p.m.Paper: "Concerning the Tetraedroid ; " by Mr. D. N.Lehmer.Notes: "An Application of Tschirnhausen's Transformation," by Mr. F. La Motte. "Concerning HigherComplex numbers," II, by Professor Bolza.Saturday, July 22.Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Faculty of the Divinity School, 11:30 a.m.Final Examination of William Gillespie for the degreeof Ph.D., Room 36, Ryerson Physical Laboratory,3:00p.m. (seep. 93).96 UNIVERSITY RECORDSunday, July 23.Vesper Service is held in Kent Theater, 4:00 p.m.Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.,Association Room, Haskell, 7:00 p.m.Monday, July 24.Chapel-Assembly: Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior College Students).University Extension Summer Conference, Chapel,Cobb Hall, 4:00 p.m. (see p. 93).New Testament Club meets with Professor Burton,5524 Monroe av., 7:30 p.m.Subject : " Some Recent Works in New Testament Literature." Professor Burton and Dr. Votaw will conductthe discussion.Annual Informal Meeting of all Ohio people, Chapel,Cobb Hall, 8:00 p.m.No special invitations will be sent out; but all Ohioansare urged to be present.Tuesday, July 25.Chapel Assembly: Senior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Senior College Students).University Open Lectures :8 : 30 a.m. " Hebrew Wisdom Literature." President Harper,Congregation Hall, Haskell.11 : 00 A.M. " Hebrew Religion as compared with other Semitic Religions." Professor Smith, CongregationHaU, Haskell.11 : 00 A.M. " Dante in English." Assistant Professor Howland,C 17, Cobb Hall.4:00 P.M. " Satan's Journey of Exploration: The Universeof Milton, a harmony of Biblical and Classical"(continued). Professor Moulton, Kent Theater.4: 00 p.m. "Ethical Gains through Legislation regardingSkill." Mrs. Kelley, Chapel, Cobb Hall.4: 00 p.m. "Problems in Chemistry." Assistant ProfessorLengfeld, Kent Chemical Laboratory, Room 2Q.8: 00 p.m. "The Nature of the Stars as revealed by theSpectroscope. Professor Frost, Congregation Hall,Haskell.Wednesday, July 26.University Open Lectures :8 :30 a.m. " Hebrew Wisdom Literature." President Harper,Congregation Hall, Haskell.11 : 00 A.M. " Hebrew Religion as compared with other Semitic Religions." Professor Smith, CongregationHaU, Haskell.11 : 00 A.M. " Dante in English." Assistant Professor Howland,C 17, Cobb Hall.4: 00 P.M. "The Literature of the Babylonians and Assyrians. Associate Professor R. F. Harper, Congregation Hall, Haskell.4: 00 P.M. "Contemporary Social Ethics as affecting CityPolitics." Miss Jane Addams, Chapel, Cobb Hall.4:00 p.m. "The Assumption of Sovereignty" (iUustrated).Assistant Professor Sparks, Congregation Hall,Haskell.4: 00 p.m. " Der Deutsche Aufsatz auf dem Deutschen Gymnasium." Professor HochdOrfer, Lecture Room,Cobb Hall.Material for the UNIVERSITY RBCOBD mustorder to be published in the issue of the same week. Meeting of the Y. M. C. A. in Association Room, Haskell, 7:00 p.m.Sociology Club meets in Congregational Hall, Haskell,8:00 p.m.Mr. J. Stitt Wilson, Head of the "Social Crusade,"recently returned from London, wiU speak on "TheObjects, Methods, and Work of the Social Crusade."All are invited.Thursday, July 27.Chapel-Assembly: Graduate Schools. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.University Open Lectures :8: 30 a.m. "Hebrew Wisdom Literature," President Harper,Congregation Hall, HaskeU.11 : 00 A.M. " Hebrew Religion as compared with other Semitic Religions," Professor Smith, CongregationHall, Haskell.11 : 00 a.m. " Dante in English." Assistant Professor Howland,C 17, Cobb Hall.4 : 00-6 : 00 p.m. " Satan's Journey of Exploration : The Universeof Milton, a harmony of Biblical and Classical "(concluded). Professor Moulton, Kent Theater.4 : 00 p.m. " Ethical Gains through Legislation regardingLeisure." Mrs. Kelley, Chapel, Cobb Hall.7:00 p.m. "Problems in Chemistry." Assistant ProfessorLengfeld, Kent Chemical Laboratory, Room 20.8:00p.m. "Planets and Satellites." Professor Barnard,Congregation Hall, Haskell.Band-Concert in the Women's Quadrangle, 5:00 p.m.Friday, July 28.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.University Open Lectures :8 : 30 a.m. " Hebrew Wisdom Literature." President Harper,Congregation Hall, Haskell.11: 00 A.M. "Hebrew Religion as compared with other Semitic Religions." Professor Smith, CongregationHall, Haskell.11:00 a.m. "Dante in English." Assistant Professor Howland,C 17, Cobb Hall.4:00p.m. "The Literature of the Babylonians and Assyrians." Associate Professor R. F. Harper, Congregation Hall, Haskell.4:00p.m. "Contemporary Social Ethics as affecting Charitable Efforts." Miss Addams, Chapel, Cobb HaU.4 : 00 p.m. " The First Failure." Assistant Professor Sparks,Kent Theater.8 : 00 p.m. " An ' Interpretative Recital ' of the Book of Job."Professor Moulton, Kent Theater.Mathematical Club meets in Room 36, Ryerson Physical Laboratory, 7:30 p.m.Paper: "Concerning Linearoid Differential Equations,"by Dr. Wilczinski.Notes : " Concerning the Concept of Limit," by AssistantProfessor Young. " Concerning Higher Complex numbers, III," by Professor Bolza.Saturday, July 29.Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Administrative Board of the University Libraries, Laboratories, and Museums, 10:00 a.m.The Faculties of the Graduate School of Arts andand Literature, 11:30 a.m.be sent to the Recorder by THURSDAY, 8:30 A.M., in