Gbe 1Hntver0tt$ of CbieaaoPtice $1.00 FOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER Single CopiesPer Year 5 CentsUniversity RecordPUBLISHED BY AUTHORITYCHICAGO$be THntversftE of Gbtcaao ipresaVOL III, NO. 44. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY AT 3:00 P.M. JANUARY 27, 1899,Entered in the post office Chicago, Illinois, as second-class matter.CONTENTS.I. The Christian Ideal of Patriotism. By the Reverend Charles Cuthbert Hall, D.D. - - - 287-291II. The University Elementary School - - - 291-293III. Recent Numbers of University Periodicals - - 293IV. Current Events - -" 293V. The Calendar 294The Christian Ideal of Patriotism.*By THE REVEREND CHARLES CUTHBERT HALL, D.D.President of Union Theological Seminary,New York, N. Y.I am requested by the President of the University,to make some observations upon " The Christian Idealof Patriotism." I am glad that my address occurs afterthe war is over ; for I am called to speak upon a themethat readily lends itself to distortion so long as thesmoke of battle is in the air, and while fleets andarmies are at the front. In the time of war patriotism,even the Christian ideal of patriotism, is by many confused if not identified with the martial spirit, whereasI believe that the two may be far apart. All war isnot patriotic service. All patriotism is not belligerent.When hostilities are on it is often forgotten that while* Read at the Conference held in connection with the Twenty-fifth Convocation of the University, October 3, 1898. Previous papers in this series were, " Can there be a ChristianWar?" by Rev.F. A. Noble, D.D., in University Record?Vol. Ill, No. 34 ; and " Christianity and Arbitration," byRev. W. O. Shepard, D.D., in University Record, Vol, III,. ;No.3&:< every fighter should be a patriot, every patriot neednot be a fighter. I believe with those who gave methis subject that patriotism is a Christian ideal. Ialso believe, upon the authority of a great general ofthe army that " war is hell." And now that this war isended which (without entering into the circumstancesof its origin) was so obviously unlike our earlier wars,I pray God that the type of war spirit it engenderedin the public heart may die away, that the taste ofthe blood of conquest may be forgotten, that the nation,although it cannot go back and be as it was beforethe war, although the war has changed its relation tothe world and its duty to the world, may put up thesword into the sheath with the honest hope that noliving man shall see it drawn again.At the outset of my remarks I am particularlyanxious to enforce the discrimination between patriotism and the warlike spirit. I look upon all war as asorrowful evil, to be deprecated with the deepest earnestness, to be postponed until every other expedient .for accomplishing the ends of righteousness has been :tried in vain and has obviously failed. Even a war;undertaken in absolute good faith to promote the.civilization and the freedom of a race I regard as asorrowful and evil necessity precipitated by the abnormal and disordered condition of the world andnever to be entered into by an enlightened peopleuntil, more advanced and desirable means being futile*resort is compelled to means that belong to a lowergrade of social development. I do not presume todeny that war may be the only course left open to a288 UNIVERSITY RECORDpeace-loving nation, nor do I presume to doubt thatthere may be defiant forces of tyranny or cruelty orlawlessness massed even in the path of Christian progress that can be dealt with only by military coercion ;yet, if this be so (which I neither affirm nor deny) itlifts war only to the level of an awful and melancholynecessity. It cannot make war a desirable part ofnational policy in the light of the highest ideals ofhuman good.In what has just been said there is no failure onmy part to comprehend and to revere the glorioustraits of moral character that may be exhibited byindividuals and by nations in a time of war ; the personal heroism that rises to sublimity ; the willingnessto sacrifice, to suffer, to die for the flag and forthe cause sanctioned by the flag ; the touching andtruly Christian magnanimity and mercy exercisedtoward suffering enemies. These things are great.These things are magnificent. But these things arenot war. These things are flashing glories of humancharacter that divert our attention from the hellishbrutality and filth and anguish and waste of war.I have been at the pains to express distinctly myabhorrence of war, my belief that it is a savage survival rather than a note of progress, because I conceive that the Christian ideal of patriotism must beessentially an irenic ideal, a constructive ideal, anideal of moral stewardship, into which the fierce andviolent elements of war, with its bloody destructive-ness, may enter, not as the facile instrument ofambition, but only as the last, dreaded command ofnecessity.As I have attempted, on the one hand, to differentiate the Christian ideal of patriotism from the martialspirit, so, fathers and brethren, would I, on the otherhand, attempt to separate this Christian ideal fromthat blind idolatry of one's country which, in a republic, is the equivalent of Chauvinism. In AugustinScribe's drama, " Le Soldat Laboureur," the brilliantFrench academician makes his principal character, oneChauvin, a veteran soldier of the time of the FirstEmpire, whose unbounded admiration of Napoleonamounts to a blind idolatry of all that pertained tohim. The Emperor could do no wrong. Neither wasthere in all the world any that could compare withhim. There is a type of patriotism to be found occasionally in our day and country that is republicanChauvinism, a blind and boastful and narrow idolatry." There never was, there never can be, another country equal to this. We are the favorite child of destiny.We are complete within ourself . We lead the world.We can teach the world. We can fight the world." Iyield to no one in pride of country. Day by day, in the rapid march-past of events, I become more solemnly impressed with the resources and the qualitiesof the American commonwealth, but I confess thatthere seems to me to be a vast difference between thebragging, blustering, bullying talk of the republicanChauvinist, and the serious, broad, pacific, catholictemper of him before whose eyes stands, clearly defined, the Christian ideal of patriotism.I fear that I shall be unable in this brief address todo more than point you toward this great heroic ideal.I cannot uncover its depth, nor compass its breadth,nor climb with you to its height. I can only turnwith the heart of love, and point with the finger ofreverence toward three glorious attributes of theChristian ideal of patriotism :I. The wholesome soundness of the nation's innerlife.II. The recognition of kinship with allied nations.III. The sense of stewardship for the world.* I. The wholesome soundness of the nation's innerlife is the foundation of the Christian ideal that is before us this morning. From the Christian point ofview the first duty of patriotism is the ethical development of public sentiment. Not the opulence ofnatural resources, wealth of mines, and fertility ofsoil ; not the circumstances of territorial location ; notthe size of army and navy ; not even the form ofgovernment, is the foundation of national strength ;but the soundness of the inner life of the people. Inthis the life of a nation is like the life of a person.Unsoundness in ethical sentiment, unreal or unjuststandards of conduct, neglect of the primary dictatesof righteousness in the ardor of an ambitious pursuitreact through the wonderful logic of events, upon thevalue and the good name of the individual, and whatth.e man sows that he or his heirs reap. So the Christian patriot is first of all serious and thoughtful andsolicitous for the morals of his country. That whichis speculative and showy and adventurous in nationalpolicy does not attract him, does not divert him. Likethe highest type of the man of business, who is conservative, thorough, and willing to expand only uponfoundations solidly built, the Christian patriot's ambition for his country is not rapid advance, strikingand spectacular success, prodigious expansion ; it isrighteousness at the core of the government, thoroughness in the public service, intelligence among thepeople, reverence for the social compact, integrity inthe mind of youth. Republican Chauvinism, bursting with pride, is ever talking of a great country.Christian patriotism has no zeal for a greatness thatmakes clean the outside of the cup and platter, whenUNIVERSITY RECORD 289within they are full from extortion and excess. Christian patriotism says, Let the country be good first andgreat afterward, as God pleases. Yes, good first,through the wholesome soundness of the inner life ofthe people. And so the deepest zeal of Christianpatriotism is for other things than militarism and apolicy of conquest. It is for the thorough and continuous education of the people by the multiplying ofschools and libraries and museums of science andhistory ; it is for the careful and impartial investigation of social problems, as, for example, the liquorproblem, until we shall get down beneath the drift ofaninstructed and contradictory sentiment to a bedrock of wisdom ; it is for the cultivation among themasses of the people of sane and economical modes ofliving and of a reasonable love for the beautiful ; it isfor the advancement of religion as part of the realismof life, entering into and ennobling all relationships ;it is for the promotion of thoroughness in work, ofrespect for all excellent workmanship, of integrity inthe use of money ; it is for the separation of civicquestions from national politics, that the social andpolitical morality of great cities may be safeguarded ;it is for the education of citizens in true views of thepublic service, by discountenancing the accursed doctrine of spoils and by training up from youth a generation that shall adopt for itself and shall transmit to itssuccessors the doctrine of serving the state for thestate's sake, for the public welfare, for the glory ofGod. When citizens live to advance these ends theybecome Christian patriots. They may never be calledupon to bear the sword ; they may never attain toofficial leadership in any branch of public affairs;theirs may be the lot of those whose influence is. purely local and whose voices are not heard afar fromtheir homes, but if they are giving such influence asis at their command for the moral education of publicopinion the patriotism of the battlefield is not morereal than theirs.II. The second attribute of this Christian idealthat I shall name bears closely on one of the greatestof contemporary questions. To say that the recognition of kinship with allied nations is a part of thisideal is to say that patriotism is something broaderthan nationalism. There is an uncompromising nationalism; resentful of foreign alliances, and determined upon standing aloof and hoarding its owninterests in entire separateness. It fears lest it shalllose some advantage or shall jeopardize some libertyby departing in any degree from the traditional habitof isolation. It prefers the simplicity of a detachedlife ,\ and if, as with our own country, the circumstance, of territorial location seems to favor a policy of seclusion, there are those who will say that Godclearly means us to live apart from all foreign alliances. This doctrine of uncompromising nationalismis held by many whose prudence and sagacity mayscarcely be called in question. But, fathers and brethren, it is possible to conceive, as we stand in the dawn-light of the twentieth century, of a type of patriotismthat shall be broader than this austere and seclu-sive nationalism. It is possible to conceive of nationsas, in certain circumstances, coming under that lawwhich so powerfully conditions the symmetrical development of men, and which found its incomparablestatement in our Lord's dictum : " Whosoever willsave his life shall lose it, but whosaever will lose hislife for my sake, the same shall save it." A man mayhoard his life in pure individualism ; he may refuseto let himself out into larger interests, to touch theworld on more sides, on the ground that he prefers toconserve what belongs to himself. And too late, perchance, he may find that his prudence has overreached itself, that his shrewd custody of privateinterests has destroyed capacity for larger service,larger influence, larger joy. Conceivably it might beso with a nation, even with our nation. It is not wellto let our traditions too long lie unchallenged. Thegeographical separateness of America is a sign thatmight mislead as well as lead. A tradition becomesa shackle when it impedes the natural expressions ofa growing life. How do we know that we were ordained always to live apart, in national isolation?How do we know but that in resisting, from patrioticmotives, an Anglo-American alliance, we might commit the unpardonable sin against the Christian idealof patriotism, by rejecting influences necessary forour symmetrical development as a nation, and by obstructing God's plan to give us a larger, richer training for our mission in history. Ah ! it seems the partof Christian patriotism to walk very softly before Godin this hour of unfolding destiny. Our national lifehas, thus far, been a rapid, crowded, exciting periodof beginning ; it is too soon to affirm what things Godhas in store for us ; too soon to say how far and howclosely the elements of our American individualityare to be blended with the kindred elements of English strength and thoroughness in some great irenicministry to the whole human race. As I speak I amreminded of those striking words of Dean Stanleyspoken twenty years ago at the Century Club in NewYork, on his return from a visit to Niagara : " Inthe hour," said he, " when, for the first time I stoodbefore the cataracts of Niagara, I seemed to see avision of the fears and hopes of America. It was midnight, the moon was full, and I saw from the suspen-290 UNIVERSITY RECORDsion bridge the ceaseless contortion, confusion, whirland chaos, which burst forth in clouds of foam fromthat immense central chasm which divides the American from the British dominion ; and as I looked on thatever changing movement and listened to that everlasting roar, I saw an emblem of the devouring activity and ceaseless, restless, beating whirlpool of existence in the United States. But into the moonlightsky there rose a cloud of spray twice as high as thefalls themselves, silent, majestic, immovable. In thatsilver column, glittering in the moonlight, I saw animage of the future of American destiny, of the pillarof light which should emerge from the distractions ofthe present."III. In closing this address I desire to present thethird, and, as I think, the supreme attribute of theChristian ideal of patriotism that I have the privilegeto present this morning : The Sense of Stewardshipfor the World. Few things that I have read of late appear to furnish so much food for stimulating thoughtas is contained in the three papers lately given to theLondon Times by Mr. Benjamin Kidd on " The Control of the Tropics." In a manner most lucid andmost impressive Mr. Kidd points out that "the complexlife of the modern world rests upon the productions ofthe tropics to an extent which is scarcely realized bythe average mind." The combined trade of theUnited States and Great Britain with the tropicsamounts approximately to 44 per cent, of their totaltrade with all the rest of the world. In the case of theUnited States alone, its trade with the tropics in 1895amounted to 65 per cent, of its total trade with all therest of the world outside of its own borders. Recentmodern history seems to show conclusively that thecontrol of the tropics is to be the great object of competition among civilized nations as the new centurycomes in. And it is Mr. Kidd's belief that the partwhich the English-speaking race is destined to playin controlling the tropics is more deeply felt by thecontinental nations of Europe than by England andAmerica who are most vitally interested therein. Hesays : " It is probably true, however strange it mayappear to say so, that at the present day the far-reaching effects of the part which the English-speaking peoples are probably destined to play in thefuture, are not so much thought of, or so clearly perceived, either in England or in America, as they are bysome of the more far-seeing students of politics on thecontinent of Europe. It is perceived that the world,outside of Europe, tends in the future to be controlled,in the main, by only two sets of forces, those whichproceed from the peoples who speak English and thosewhich proceed from the peoples who speak Russian." Little by little this advance of English-speakingpeoples into the tropics is going on before our eyes. SeeEngland's advance into India, into Siam, into Burmah,into South China, into South Africa, into East Africa,into Egypt and the Soudan. See our own influencebecoming established (through a series of strangeevents), in the Antilles, and in the East Indies. Inwhat spirit does the Christian ideal of patriotism require us to look upon these enlarging zones of possession and of influence ? Shall we regard those accessions of territory even as the Dutch formerly regardedtheir East Indian settlements, as mere trading factories,commercial depots for the storage of wealth and itstransmission to the mother country, regardless of themoral and social development of the populations thussuddenly brought under their control ? Shall we regard them as Spain seems to have regarded her colonies in the East and West Indies, and as France seemsto have regarded Madagascar and Abyssinia, as themere spoils of war, to be held in the iron hand of amilitary dictatorship ? Neither of these views can wesuppose to be sanctioned by the Christian ideal of patriotism. Nor, on the other hand, as Mr. Kidd hasconclusively shown, can we justly throw upon tropicalpeoples the responsibility of governing themselves.Ignorant tyranny, anarchy, failure, the arrest of civilization, are bound to be the results, for the people ofthe tropics are but as children in knowledge and judgment, compared with the full grown maturity ofEnglish-speaking statesmanship. What, then, is tobe done with tropical populations which, in the inevitable progress of events, seem destined to fall moreand more into the custody of English-speaking governments. I answer in the strong and noble words ofBenjamin Kidd : " The tropics can only be governed asa trust for civilization, and with a full sense of theresponsibility which such a trust involves."Of what those brave words may mean in this lightof the Christian ideal of patriotism, we have a superbillustration in the present policy of England towardIndia ; and this illustration may well be supposed tohave acceptance in this distinguished circle of the citizens of Chicago at a time when one of the fair and giftedwomen of this city is about to share with her brilliant English husband the vice-regal throne of India.At the beginning of England's territorial interest inIndia, more than a hundred years ago, the new senseof the brotherhood of mankind had not developed,and England's interest in India, as represented by theEast India Company, rose little above the level of theDutch commercial factory idea, or of the Spanishmilitary dictatorship. But, even then, Carey aridMarshman and other pioneers of missions were fltand-tTNIVERSITY RECORD 291ing on the banks of the Hooghly and the Ganges asprophets and seers of a brighter day, in which England should hold India as a trust for civilization, andshould seek to pour into oriental thought and practicethe best and highest and cleanest principles of thecivilization of the West. These were the later views ofDuff at Calcutta and Wilson at Bombay. And so hascome the new India of today, not self -governed,but wisely governed by the great moral order ofEnglish law, English statesmanship, English university ideals. Again, to use his words, whom I havealready quoted: "The one consistent idea which,through all outward forms, has in late years been behind the institution of the higher Indian civil serviceon existing lines is that even where it is equally opento natives with Europeans through competitive examination, entrance to it shall be made through an English university. In other words, it is the best andmost distinctive product which England can give, thehigher ideals and standards of her universities,which is made to feed the inner life from which theBritish administration of India proceeds."When I consider the possibility that this great senseof stewardship for the world, of guiding and developing tropical nations as a trust for civilization, mightbecome an element of American policy and an attribute of American patriotism, my heart burns withinme for joy and enthusiasm, and I am ready to echothe words reported to have been spoken by AdmiralDewey as he looked the other day from his battleshipto the American flag floating over Manila : " May itfloat there forever, forever."Not as trading stations, consecrated only to commerce, am I ambitious to see that vast East Indiangroup and the Spanish Antilles retained for the permanent possession of the United States. Not, aboveall else, as stations of military dictatorship, held atthe bidding of a war spirit among the people, whichwould mark not progress, but decline, in our nationalthought. But if we might hold them as a trustfor civilization, if we might undertake to do for themin their disorder and dejection and unrest whatChristian England has undertaken to do for thecomplex and populous provinces of India ; if we mightwith patience and judgment study their institutions,laying no hands of violence thereon ; if we mightintroduce within the range of their vision the moraland social standards of our happy civilization ; if wemight bring their youths in touch with our Universityideals; if we might evangelize their homes and theirhearts with the redeeming gospel and the sanctifyinggfa6e of the Lord Jesus Christ — then with the daunt less hero of Manila would my heart pray to God,"May our flag float over them forever — forever."For this, fathers and brethren, is the loftiestattribute, of which I have any knowledge, in theChristian ideal of patriotism that the land which Godhas blessed with liberty, knowledge and happinessshould freely give even as she has freely received, and,standing among the nations as the steward of theAlmighty, should administer to weak and halting andunhappy peoples the order that shall make for theirpeace, the truth that shall set them free.The University Elementary School.At the beginning of the Winter Quarter the schoolelected an editor, assistant editor, two proof readers,and a school reporter. Each group elected a groupreporter. These officers have charge of the schoolpaper, which is read before the whole school duringthe last quarter of an hour of the morning session onTuesdays. The "paper" consists of class workselected by the editor, and of reports of what some onegroup has done during the week in all departments.As some one from each group is requested by theeditor to read the paper of his group, each group feelsthat it has a responsibility and an interest in the work.GROUP VI.[Continuation of work reported in the University Record,November 18, 1898.]In history, as the children expressed a desire toknow what was going on in other New Englandcolonies, the settlements of Mason and Gorges, inMaine and New Hampshire, were taken up, bringingout the reason for the failure of the first attempt, thedispute over the claim to the land, and how it wassettled, and the history in general until New Hampshire became a royal colony. This brought our study tothe beginning of the struggle for liberty in the colonies.It was necessary to go back to Massachusetts, anddiscover how and why this colony became the leaderat this time. The early union of the four colonies,when Massachusetts had taken the lead, was recalled,together with the fact that it had two thirds of all theinhabitants in New England, and yet had no greaterrepresentation in the Union than the other colonies;but its two representatives, relying on their greaterconstituency, had been more arbitrary and madegreater demands. The independence of Massachusetts in coining the pine-tree shilling was discussed,and the children saw that the coining of money mustbe a sovereign right, which Massachusetts had292 UNIVERSITY RECORDusurped. The appointment of commissioners to thecolonies and the result of their investigation, andcompromises made were discussed. The childrenwere told that the people were willing to pay thesalary of a governor, but objected to having the kingdetermine the salary, on the ground that this wastaxation without representation. Some of the classexpressed surprise that, so long before the Revolution,this thought was in the minds of the people. Theyhad thought of the Revolution as a sudde.n oppositionto a tax on tea.The settlements of the French in Canada and theMississippi valley were studied in order that, whentold of the war between France and England, thechildren might be able to understand its effect inAmerica. Since no study of Canada had been madesince the days of Marquette, the events after thattime were told. The claim of the French to the Mississippi valley led to an examination of the map inorder to determine just what this claim mightinclude, where it would conflict with England'sclaims, and what points would best be fortified inorder that each country might protect its claim. Thecountry drained by the Mississippi necessitated learning all the tributaries of the great river. The Indiantribes inhabiting the country were looked up in orderto see which side, if either, they would take|in a warbetween the French and English settlers. This studyrevealed the fact that the English were friendly withthe Iroquois and the Canadians with the Algonquins.It also brought out the fact thai: the English werefarmers and the French traders and adventurers, andallied themselves more easily with the Indians.For reading lessons parts of Franklin's autobiography have been used, and compositions of the childrenwhich have been type-written.In Science, the children finished their thermometers.The record of one of the class of his work'is as follows :MAKING A THERMOMETER.I first made a tube ten inches long. Then I put it in the gasand turned it around to keep the tube from bending until it wassealed at one end. When the tube was red hot I blowed it verysoftly until there was quite a large bulb at one end. Then Icolored alcohol with methyl orange and put it in the tube untilit was about one third full. Then I nearly sealed the other end,and put the bulb over the gas flame to drive out the air. Whenthe air was all out I sealed the end entirely. Then I made aback for it in the shop. I found the freezing point by puttingthe tube in the snow, and marking the point 32 degrees.This group has also found the specific gravity ofvarious substances by experiments, and has discussedthe pressure of air, and how it affects the use of sails,hydraulic pressure, force pumps, etc. In number work the group has continued the keeping of school accounts. The items of expense are puton the board miscellaneously, and the children are expected to insert them in the proper column in theirbooks. These columns are headed "Dairy Products,""Dry Groceries," "Meats and Vegetables," "Sundries," and "Cash Received." There are occasionallyanimated discussions as to the particular column inwhich to place an item, as, for example, whether cheeseis a dairy product or a dry grocery ; and whether leaf-lard ought not to go in the meat and vegetable column ; whether codfish could be called a " meat."Number work also forms a part of both science, cooking and manual training.In cooking, oats, rice, and corn preparations havebeen studied in the same manner as wheat. Thewhole grains and preparations were compared withsimilar preparations of wheat as to comparativeamount of starch, and quality of cellulose surrounding the grains. From this comparison the childrenwere expected to determine the length of time required for cooking, and the amount of water needed.An experiment was made to show what part of thecereal thickens the water. Starch and cellulose wereseparated by sifting, and boiling water added to each.The children saw that the water on the starch wasthickened while that on the cellulose remained clear,though it softened the cellulose. Hence they concluded that the greater the amount of starch the morewater would be needed, but time to cook would dependupon the quantity of cellulose to be softened. To showthat water was contained in grains, corn and rice werepopped and the deduction made that the bursting ofthe grains was due to the presence of water which expanded under heat. To prove this the corn wasweighed before and after popping.Macaroni and vermicelli were next studied as preparations made from flour. A further study of vegetables has been taken up and a quantitative andqualitative analysis of the potato begun.Sewing has included chiefly the making of articlesdescribed for other groups. Workbags have beenfinished, towels hemmed, and holders made of felt.They are now preparing to dress a doll in Indian fashion from wool which they have spun, woven, and dyed.The French vocabulary of the children has beengradually increased. They have learned the names ofthe parts of the body, of articles used in the schoolroom, and hours of the day. Adjectives have beenintroduced, sentences have been composed and written in French, corrected, and returned to the children.Dramatization is used as far as possible, the childrenacting out the French they use.UNIVERSITY RECORD 293In the art work the same work has been given asin Group V, i, e., studies in colonial life. The aim isto work up details which will enable the children todraw the interior of a room in colonial times. Theyhave drawn their idea of a New England landscapeand of a colonial house from descriptions in " MilesStandish." A girl at work at a spinning wheel hasbeen drawn from a model.In the shop this group has made the same articlesas Group V.Work in the gymnasium is the same as that of othergroups.Recent Numbers of University Periodicals.The December (1898) number of the School Reviewis entirely occupied with the Report of the New England Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools*prepared by its secretary, Ray Greene Huling. Thefollowing addresses are given in full : " The Trainingof the Imagination in Education," by George Harris ;"The Training of the Imagination in the Study ofLiterature," by Huber Gray Buehler; "The Cultureof the Imagination in the Study of Science," by JohnM. Tyler ; " How to Bring Out the Ethical Value ofHistory," by William M. Sloane ; " How Far the PublicHigh School is a Just Charge upon the Public Treasury," by Frank A. Hill ; Discussion by Thomas M.Balliet, Dr. Huling, Professor Rice. Under Reviews" The Selected Letters of Cicero," by Professor Abbott of the University is reviewed by Arthur TappanWalker, formerly of the University. The usual Notesand New Publications complete the number. In theJanuary (1899) number Professor Thurbers OutlookNotes have their usual interest and value. OscarThiergen discusses the value of " International Correspondence Between Pupils." A. F. Nightingale contributes a paper read before the American HistoricalAssociation, in Cleveland, on " History in the HighSchools." "The Preparatory Education of MedicalStudents" is discussed by A. L. Benedict. Otherarticles are "The Trained Teacher," by E. E. Cates ;"History in Secondary Schools," by A. L. Goodrich ;" The High School Period," the third paper in a seriesof " Secondary Education in the United States," by Elmer E. Brown ; " A Report of Progress of the Committees of the Department of Natural Science, N. E. A.,"by Charles Skeele Palmer ; " A Course of Study forHigh Schools" is outlined by Henry E. Chambers.The " Approved Course of Study for High Schools inNew York " is of interest in this connection. Reviewsand Notes and Announcement of New Publicationsfollow. The Journal of Political Economy for December1898 contains the following : " Spanish Currency," byA. de Foville, translated from the French manuscriptby H. Parker Willis ; " Socialism in France," by G.Francois, translated by Henry Rand Hatfield ; "TheMeasure of the Value of Money According to EuropeanEconomists," by G. M. Fiamingo, translated by LisiC. Cipriani ; " The Quantity Theory of Money fromthe Marxist Standpoint," by A. P. Hazell ; " StableMoney," a paper read before the Omaha Monetary Congress, by Thomas Elmer Will ; Notes, Book Reviews, etc.The Journal of Geology for October-November1898 contains the following: "The Classification ofRock Formations," by H. S. Williams ; " The So-calledCretaceous Deposits in Southern Minnesota," by F.W. Sardeson ; " The Silurian Fauna Interpreted onthe Epicontinental Basis," by Stuart Weller ; "Bysma-liths," by J. P. Iddings ; " The Development andGeological Relations of the Vertebrates," by E. C.Case ; Editorial articles, Summaries of Recent Books,Reviews, etc.Current Events.A valuable opportunity for research in Zoology,Botany, and Physiology is offered by the Associationfor Maintaining the American Woman's Table at theZoological Station at Naples. The annual support ofsuch a table for research costs $500, and entitles theassociation supporting it to appoint to it qualifiedstudents who are furnished by the Station with all thematerials, apparatus, and assistance, free of cost.The appointments to "scholarships'- of this association are made by the Executive Board, which alsosometimes gives financial help toward the expense oftravel or residence in Naples.Further information regarding the time and modeof making application may be had from Dean Talbot,Green Hall.The current number of the Annals of the AmericanAcademy of Political and Social Science contains anarticle on " The Growth of Great Cities in Area andPopulation" by Professor Edmund J. James. Itshows the remarkable growth, not only of the urbanpopulation in general, but especially of that portionof the urban population to be found in the very largecities during the last fifty years. It describes also thegrowth of area in large cities, showing that the tendency to extend the boundaries is not peculiar toChicago or to American cities in general, but has beenquite as characteristic of European cities as well.294 UNIVERSITY RECORDCalendar.january 27— february 4, 1899.Friday, January 27.Chapel-Assembly : Divinity School. *- Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m.Physics Club meets in Ryerson Physical Laboratory,Room 32, 4:00 p.m.Papers: "Forms and Uses of the Coherer," by L. H. Gil-more ; "The Theory of the Coherer," by Fritz Reichmann.Saturday, January 28.Regular Meetings of Faculties and Boards :The Faculty of the Morgan Park Academy, 8 : 30 a.m.The Administrative Board of the University Libraries, Laboratories, and Museums, 10:00 a.m.The Faculties of the Graduate Schools, 11:30 a.m.Sunday, January 29.Vesper Service, Kent Theater, 4:00 p.m.The Reverend Professor Stevenson, of the McCormickTheological Seminary, will speak.Union meeting of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.,Haskell Museum, 7:00 p.m.Monday, January 30.Chapel-Assembly: Junior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbLecture Hall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Junior CollegeStudents).Geological Club meets in the Lecture Room of WalkerMuseum, 4:30 p.m.Miss Baber will give an illustrated talk on her recent tripto the Bahamas.New Testament Club meets in South Divinity HallParlor, 7:30 p.m.Members of the Club will report upon the current periodical articles upon New Testament subjects.Tuesday, January 31.Chapel- Assembly : Senior Colleges. — Chapel, CobbHall, 10:30 a.m. (required of Senior College Students).Division Lectures before the Junior Colleges by Associate Professor MacClintock, in Kent Theater,10:30 a.m. Botanical Club meets in Botanical Building, Room 23,5:00 p.m.Mr. F. L. Stevens will present the results of his work upon"The Fertilization of Cystopus."English Club meets in the English Library, CobbLecture Hall, D, 8:00 p.m.Assistant Professor von Klenze will speak on KunoFrancke's " Social Forces in German Literature."Wednesday, February 1.Division Lectures before the Senior Colleges by thePresident in the Chapel, Cobb Hall, 10: 30 a.m.Meeting of the Y. M. C. A., Haskell Museum, 7:00 p.m.Thursday, February 2.Graduate Assembly. — Chapel, Cobb Hall, 10:30 a.m.Bacteriological Club meets in Zoological Laboratory,Room 40, 5:00 p.m.F. L. Rainey: "Anti-Strepticoccus Serum."Philosophical Club meets in Faculty Room, HaskellMuseum, 8:00 p.m.Dr. MacMillan will speak on " Postulates of an Experimental Psychologist."Friday, February 3.Divinity School. — Chapel, CobbChapel-Assembly :Hall, 10:30 a.m.Mathematical Club and Physics Club hold a jointmeeting in Ryerson Physical Laboratory, Room 32,4:00 p.m.Discussion : " Can a Fourier Series represent a Discontinuous Function?" to be opened by Head ProfessorMichelson.Note: "On the Mechanical Solution of Equations," byAssistant Professor Young.Philological Society meets in Cobb Lecture Hall,Room 8B, 8 :00 p.m.Head Professor Manly will read on " Another HamletProblem."Saturday, February 4.Regular Meetings of Faculties and Boards :Meeting of the Administrative Board of PhysicalCulture and Athletics, 8:30 a.m.The Faculty of the Junior Colleges, 10:00 a.m.The University Senate, 11:30 a.m.Material for the UNIVERSITY RECORD must be sent to the Recorder by THURSDAY, 8; 30 A.M., inorder to be published in the issue of the same week,