INSIDE:SG presidency vacantpage 3 New viewson Strausspage 4The Chicago MaroonVolume 95, No. 9 The University of Chicago ©Copyright 1985 Tuesday, October 8, 1985Computation Center completes staff moveThe Computation Center’s new home, south of the MidwayBy Thomas CoxStaff WriterDuring the summer, the Uni¬versity Computation Center final¬ly moved its staff from thecramped, aging ex-fraternityhouse at 5737 S. University to thethird floor of the American BarCenter (ABC) building at 1155 E.60th Street, at the corner of 60thand Woodlawn.At the same time, the Opera¬tions Site (OSite), where themainframes and most of theprinters are housed and operat¬ed. and where most output is gen¬erated, also moved from its oldlocation at 5640 S. Ellis, in thebasement of the Research Insti¬tutes. to the new building. Busi¬ness Services have moved from1313 E. 60th.The Central Users’ Site (Usite)will remain on the third floor ofHarper Memorial Library (thisroom is actually Wiebolt 310. butaccess is through Harper Li¬brary’s west reading room). As acost-cutting measure aimed atthe UCC’s $5 million debt, Usitewill no longer be open 24 hours aday, seven days a week. Instead,By Mona El NaggarContributing Writer“Welcome to ‘GeriatricWeek,’ ’’ joked Edward Rosen¬heim. professor in the depart¬ment of English, referring to thelack of students at the Sixth An¬nual Humanities Open House lastSaturday.Although the faculty adviser tothe Humanities Open House, Pro¬fessor Kenneth Northcott, assert¬ed that the original purpose wasto display the Humanities Divi¬sion for recruitment, “it quicklytook off to become a communityand alumni affair.’’However, the day was not with¬out some disappointment. Visi¬tors had to register for sessions atthe beginning of the day in aprocess resembling college regis¬tration. The popular sessionsclosed quickly, and disappointedregistrants had to settle for theirsecond or third choice. “It waslike a waste of our time. It was a Usite will be closed from 3 a.m. to8 a m. daily.According to USite attendants,a surprising amount of comput¬ing used to get done in thosehours. Now, however the approxi¬mately 20 working public CRTterminals at Usite will be una¬vailable during those hours, eventhough the computers at 60th St.will still be in operation. Theother public terminals, at Crerarand Regenstein Libraries, will beunavailable during those hours aswell. Users will have to be atdorrn-based terminals or havetheir own modems and personalcomputers if they wish to useComp Center computers duringthese hours.Problems with the new site in¬clude the feeling by some usersthat the 60th St. location will beless safe to visit for business. Out¬put from printers is produced atthe Bar Center now. and peopleunwilling to wait for delivery ofoutput to Usite will have to pickup printout on 60th Street.But the problems with the Com¬putation Center's new home, saytwo hour drive for nothing,” com¬plained one second-year studentfrom Harper College. “Theyshould have warned us in the pro¬grams they sent so we could planaccordingly.”Despite the college age andolder crowd, some high schoolstudents did attend. RhondaBartlett and Clara Mosquera, se¬niors at Lane Technical HighSchool, explained that their hu¬manities teacher had told them tomake sure to visit Regenstein Li¬brary. “I wanted to decide if I re¬ally liked the humanities too,”said Clara.Meanwhile, John Smith, a se¬nior at Mount Carmel HighSchool, came for a less lofty goal:his teacher was offering extracredit points for those who at¬tended.The Humanities Open Housealso attracted students fromnearby colleges. Students fromHarper College explained that Comp Center employees, aretrivial compared to older prob¬lems that the new site has finallysolved.For at least ten years, theComp Center had been complete¬ly decentralized. Activities suchas staff meetings had to beplanned out in advance and coor¬dinated, among three staff loca¬tions. With the move to the newsite, according to AssistantDirector Hal Bloom, “There’s al¬ready a big difference. Statusmeetings are (now) just a matterof a few people walking down thehall.”Bloom noted, “There weretimes when vendors would refuseto install new or additional equip¬ment because there was a lack ofspace in the machine room. Thathas now been fixed — before themove we were taking up around27.000 square feet., total. Now wehave around 35,000. with the big¬gest increases coming in ma¬chine rooms and auxiliary ser¬vices. The microcomputerdemonstration lab has a greatdeal more space. Users may findcontinued on page threetheir visit to the U of C campuswas also part of an extra creditproject.On the other hand, the OpenHouse has several loyal fans. Oneof those fans is Mrs. Judith Ponti-cell. assistant principal of LeoHigh School, who has attendedfor the past five years. She be¬lieves that the Open House is a“good chance for students in aninner city high school to broadentheir cultural horizons. It givesthem a sense that there is some¬thing out there other than the cityof Chicago.”The professors who spoke andattended also felt that the OpenHouse was quite beneficial. “For' me it is a great event,” saidKostas Kazazis, professor in thedepartment of Linguistics. “Iwould go to more sessions if I didnot have to speak.”James Coleman, an Irishmedia artist, viewed the OpenHouse as a learning experiencetoo. It marked his first major USexhibit and was the preview to hisopening last Sunday.The alumni who attended werealso enthusiastic. “I thought itLwas just for high school students,but I was thrilled to learn that itwasn’t,” said Harriet Swanson, Uof C alumna.Florence Chill, the wife of analumnus, has attended “almostevery year. They feed you somuch information that it is stimu¬lating for months and monthswhen you think about the thingsthey gave you. I’ve even readbooks because of these talks.”Preparation for the OpenHouse began in April, when JulieWeissman, a fourth year studentin the College, became the coor¬dinator. Faculty members werethen sent letters from StuartTave. dean of the Humanities Di¬vision. inviting them to speak.Funding for the event, forwhich admission was gratis,came from the Special EventsFund as well as the HumanitiesDivision, according to JonathanKleinbard, vice-president incharge of news and communityaffairs. 'C' averageWASHINGTON. D C. (CPS) —College students may have tomaintain a “C” average in the fu¬ture in order to get federal finan¬cial aid.The grade requirement is justone change in the aid system Con¬gress is now debating as it tries topass the Higher EducationReauthorization Act of 1985.The grade measure, proposedby senators Don Nickles <R-Ok)and Clairborne Pell (D-R.I.), hasbeen proposed unsuccessfully be¬fore.But chances for its passagemay be good this time, sourcessay. because legislators are look¬ing for relatively painless ways tocut the federal budget and be¬cause of recent publicity aboutbad students who get financialaid.Currently, students only mustbe in good standing and make“satisfactory academic pro¬gress” towards a degree to re¬ceive federal aid.“Unfortunately,” Nickles saidduring a hearing earlier thismonth, “there have been prob¬lems with this open-ended defini¬tion.“Because of this open-endedopportunity for abuse. I believewe need to have a more specificstandard.”Nickles originally advanced hisidea after a 1981 audit found near¬ly 20 percent of the students whogot aid had less than a “C”average. Ten percent had a cu¬mulative GPA under 1.5.Congress also is debating a billto let graduate students, who gen¬erally face higher education costs‘vm undprgro'is, borrow morei*Maranged loan m »•<*>•and pay it back over a longerperiod of timeThe reauthonzation process,which effectively sets federalhigher education policies for theensuing five years, usually trig¬gers a slew of proposals thatnever become law.But if federal loan programsare to be changed, the changeswill first emerge during thesecongressional review sessions.The grading bill would put aidrecipients whose grades fallbelow 2.0 on probation for aterm.If the student doesn’t improveby the end of the probationperiod, he or she will be deniedfederal aid.Administrators would be em¬powered, however, to extend theprobation period for hardshipcases, such as extended illness for aidThe new break for graduatestudents who want a GuranteedStudent Loan <GSL) programcame up during a House subcom¬mittee hearing.Georgetown University law-school dean John Kramer, speak¬ing for a coalition of law schoolassociations, said grad studentsneeded the break.“Over time, middle class stu¬dents in particular are just notgoing to be able to afford a gradu¬ate education.” Kramer warnsMoreover, unless debt repay¬ment policies are changed, manygraduate students will feel obli¬gated to take high-paying jobsafter they get their degree, in¬stead of going into teaching orcommunity service work.Kramer predicts.Kramer's plan would let gradu¬ate students borrow more thanthey currently can. and. if theyborrow more than $15,000, repayt over 10 to 20 years.Extended repayment periodscurrently are made at the discre¬tion of the lending agency.In part because the plan callsfor graduate students to pay theinterest on the loans beginningwith the 10th year after gradua¬tion, Kramer calculates that thechanges will save the govern¬ment between $200 and $500 mil¬lion a year.Students would assume thecost, but Kramer thinks they ul¬timately should be makingenough to keep the paymentsfrom being too much of a bur¬den.Current law allows the admin¬istration to adjust loan limits, butKramer says recent law schools'request for adjustments havebeen rejected.Although Kramer's proposalswere only for graduate students,he says they could be just as easi¬ly applied to all students.In fact, the American Councilof Education, the most prominenthigher education lobbying group,wants to increase loan limits to$3,000 from $2,500 for freshmanand sophomores, and to S8.000from $5,000 for graduate stu¬dents.As yet. Reagan administrationofficials have not commentedpublicly on either the grade re¬quirement or the grad studentdifferential proposal.Education Secretary WilliamBennett is expected to unveil hisown proposals for the reauthori¬zation of higher education lawslater this vearKevin Martin, former director of Admissions for the GraduateSchool of Business, has now taken over as GSB Dean ofStudents. His predecessor, Kent Druyvesteyn, left the Univer¬sity October 1 to become Corporate Ethics Program Director forGeneral Dynamics.U of C humanities showcasedV.FRE&EASYIncrease your reading speed as much as 100%!LEARN TOWOULD YOU LIKE TO:□ cut your study time in less than x/i□ raise your grade point averageeffortlessly□ have more free time□ read 3 to 10 times faster withbetter comprehension SPEEDSPEEDSPEEDSPEEDSPEED READJoyce Wagman, a well known speed reading expert,who is a former teacher and school board president,and was previously a program director for a nationallyknown speed reading company will show you sometechniques that will help you ALL year.You’ve got nothing to lose and everything to gain. It’sFREE and it’s EASY!SPEND ONE HOUR NOW — it just might save youhundreds of hours later.NEXT TO THE U OF C QUAD, Take a FREE ^Speed Reading LessonTHIS WEEK ONLY!CHICAGO THEOLOGICAL SEMINARYTuesdayWednesday October 9Thursday October 10Friday October IT5757 SOUTH UNIVERSITY AVENUE, CHICAGOOctober 8 4:00 PM (rm. 430) or 7:00 PM (rm. 450)4:00 PM (rm. 330) or 7:00 PM (rm. 133)4:00 PM (rm. 450) or 7:00 PM (rm. 133)2:00 PM or 4:00 PM or 7:00 PM(all Friday sessions in Room 133)Besides being eligible for the scholarship, we'll show you how we Increasereading SPEED and COMPREHENSION. Come to a free lesson toregister for the scholarship to this program. If you cannot attend a freelesson, you can call 677-8811 or 965-5596 for information.WIN A FREE SCHOLARSHIP,2—The Chicago Maroon—Tuesday, October 8, 1985Anti-violence Volunteers: CenterFor Non-Violence Education seekingfull-time staff. Lodging, $150/month,health coverage. Public interestgroup developing courses on non¬violence and operating NationalCoalition on Television Violence na¬tional headquarters. In Champaignnext to University of Illinois.Research, writing, office work,monitoring entertainment. One yearcommitment. Call 217-384-1920.Win $1,000!100 Prizes!PoetryContestA $1,000 grand prize is being of¬fered in World of Poetry’s excitingnew poetry contest, open to allstudents. There are 100 pnzes in all.Beginners welcome! For a FREE listof rules and prizes, write —WORLD OF POETRY2431 Stockton, Dept. CSSacramento, CA 95817Please print...NameAddressCityStateZtPCOOC WEEKLY CALENDARLectures, Workshops,and SeminarsOctober 8:Olin Center Lecture, “Intellectuals andAmerican Foreign Policy,” by StephenPeter Rosen, Harvard University. The lec¬ture will begin at 4 pm in SS 122.October 9:Social Science Dean’s Inaugural LectureSeries, “Criminal Dangerousness can bePredicted: Pretrial Release and PreventiveDetention,” by Chris Achen, PoliticalScience and “The Theories of Economic Or¬ganization.” by Robert Townsend. Econom¬ics. Lectures will run from 3 to 5 pm in SS122.October 10:Panel Discussion, “Losing Ground,” con¬ducted by Robert Aponte. Sociology, U of C;Comp Centercontinued from page oneAnd according to Ernie Froemel, manag¬er of instruction and documentation, “Peo¬ple who only knew each other as voices onthe phone have met for the first time. Therewas a lot of going around and introducingpeople, which we’re now just gettingover.”Commenting on the reductions in ser¬vices, several managers say that the cutsare temporary stopgap measures designedonly to keep the Comp Center's losses down.The University recently appointed RobertL. Graves to find answers to the chronicbudget problems that led to the CompCenter’s current debt of $5 million.Graves and the other high-ranking admin¬istrators who are working on the issue areexpected to release a report on long-termoptions to alter the Comp Center’s way ofdoing business, and keep it self-supportingin the future. Decisions will be made afterthat report is finished later this quarter.At the most recent Student Governmentmeeting, the Academic Affairs Committeebrought up the issue, and the SG Assemblyresolved to pursue the question of reducedcomputing for students.The future of University computing is stillvery much up in the air. As Ernie Froemelput it, “Much will depend on the reaction ofthe University community." Fay Cook, Center for Urban Affairs. North¬western; Garreth Taylor, Political Science.U of C; and Mark Testa, SSA, U of C. (Book.Losing Ground, by Charles Murray). Panelwill take place in the Id i Noyes Library at7:30 pm.October 11:Lecture on “The United States and theJews of Europe 1933-1945: US Policies Re¬garding Immigration and the ConcentrationCamps,” by Prof. Peter Hays at HillelHouse at 8:30 pm.Law School Forum at the Palmer House4and Towers from 10 am to 8 pm. It continues"on October 12 from 10 am to 3 pm.FilmsOctober 10:“Poland, the Will to Be,” from James Mi-chener’s World. Michener examines Polishhistory in this film at the Field Museum ofNatural History.MusicOctober 10, 11, & 12:Chicago Symphony Orchestra Subscrip¬tion Concerts presents Mozart’s Piano Con¬certo in D Minor. K. 466 and Mass in CStudents will vote to fill the vacant posi¬tion of Student Government (SG) presidentand elect SG Assembly members in elec¬tions next Tuesday and Wednesday, Oc¬tober 15 and 16. Petitions are due this Thurs¬day from students interested in seeking thepositions.The SG presidency, which according tothe SG Constitution functions as the “offi¬cial representative of the Student Associa¬tion.” became vacant when Urban Larson,the elected 1985-86 president, recently re¬signed the position to accept an appoint¬ment to the Peace Corps in west Africa.According to Wendy Schiller, SG vicepresident and Elections and Rules commit¬tee chair, students in any part of the Univer¬sity can seek the presidency so long as theyare registered full-time. In the past, bothundergraduates and graduate studentshave held the presidency. Minor. K. 427. Sir Georg Solti will conduct.Soloists will include Tamos Vasary, Piano;Marvis Martin. Soprano; Anne Sofie VonOtter, Mezzo-Soprano; Anthony Rolfe John¬son, Tenor; Malcolm King. Bass. The Chi¬cago Symphony Chorus will also perform.Museum ExhibitsThe Museum of Science and IndustryThe 23rd annual “IR 100” exhibition, fea¬turing the year’s 100 most outstanding tech¬nological developments, will run until Oc¬tober 21.The Shedd Aquarium“Beauties of the Coral Reef,” a photogra¬phic exhibit organized by the SmithsonianInstitution Traveling Exhibition Service,will be featured from October 14 throughDecember 30.MiscellaneousOctober 9:A specially-built model hospital room willbe set ablaze on the Midway at 59th St. andSouth Maryland Ave. as part of a Fire Pre¬vention demonstration staged by the Chica¬go Fire Prevention Bureau.In addition to the presidency, studentscan run for the following vacant representa¬tive seats in the Student Government Asse¬mbly:• Undergraduate: College freshmen;the Blackstone. Breckinridge. Pierce,Shoreland. and 1215 E. Hyde Park residencehalls; and non-University housing.• Graduate: Business. Divinity. Lawand Medical Schools; the BiologicalScience. Humanities, Physical Science, andSocial Science divisions; the Graduate Li¬brary School; the Committee on Public Pol¬icy Studies; and the School of Social ServiceAdministration.Nominating petitions and election rulesfor all positions are available in the StudentGovernment office (Ida Noyes 306) or theStudent Activities Office (Ida Noyes 270)and are due at 5:00 pm this Thursday, Oc¬tober 11.Top SG spot availableOUR BUSINESS,YOUR SKILLSAt RESEARCH PROS, INC. ourclients are looking for people likeyou — qualified researchers to workon a short-term basis, from severalhours to several weeks or more. It’san excellent, part-time way to useyour expertise and increase yourincome.We will apply your talent and skillswithin Chicago-area businesses andcorporations, in such areas asconsulting, finance, health care,market research, public relations... Currently we are looking for qualifiedindividuals, including recent collegegraduates, graduate students andstudents in the professional schoolswith backgrounds in the humanities,social and behavioral sciences,business, computer sciences andhealth care. If you can work a minimum of 16hours per week, we invite you to joinour research team and become aRESEARCH PRO. Upcomingemployment opportunities requireyour immediate action. Please sendyour detailed resume with a briefcover letter stating special skills andapproximate availability to:Research Pros, Inc.P.O. Box 802035Chicago, Illinois 60680-2035The Chicago Maroon—Tuesday October 8 1985—3The ChiStudent Newspap aroonrsity of ChicagoA call for ideasWe at the Maroon believe that a campus newspaper of the Universi¬ty of Chicago, existing as it does within a vibrant community of ideas,should serve to communicate those ideas throughout the Universitycommunity.To this end. we welcome contributions to these Maroon Viewpointpages from faculty, students, and staff of all parts of the University,as well as other residents of Hyde Park-Kenwood. We encourage youto express your views on any significant topic: University or commu¬nity issues, broader social or political concerns, even a scholarlytopic that you are exploring. We welcome contributions representingany discipline or ideological persuasion: right, left or center.To underscore our commitment to a thoughtful and stimulatingViewpoints section, we are this issue publishing M.F. Burnyeat’s con¬troversial critique of Straussian political philosophy. We think it willbe of interest to many students and faculty who may have missed itsoriginal publication in the May 30 New York Review of Books.As always, we welcome expressions of alternative views.BOOK REVIEWLeo Strauss: sphinxwithout a secretStudies in PlatonicPolitical Philosophyby Leo Strauss,with an introduction byThomas L. PangleUniversity of Chicago Press.260 pp.. $25.00; $8.95 (paper)M.F. Burnyeat1.“Wishing neither to be destroyed norto bring destruction among the multi¬tude, the considerate few have imper¬turbably conveyed to their readers aneloquence of articulate silences andpregnant indications.This extraordinary sentence was writtennot by Leo Strauss but to introduce a bookhonoring him. It perfectly expresses thesubstance, and the style, of his teaching. Ac¬cordingly, it does not explain to outsiderswhat that teaching is, or by what powers theteaching has raised Strauss to his presenteminence as a guru of American converva-tism. For initiates of his ideas, on the otherhand, those who are in touch with “the con¬siderate few.” the sentence will be like poet¬ry in the way it condenses into one pregnantutterance the entire thought-world of themaster.Leo Stauss was born in Germany in 1899and died in Chicago in 1973. He studied phi¬losophy at several German universities andworked as an assistant at the Academy ofJewish Research in Berlin, where he “con¬centrated on biblical criticism and thethought of Spinoza.” He came to New Yorkin 1938 and taught political theory at theUniversity of Chicago between 1948 and 1969. when he retired. By this time he wasarguably one of the most influentialthinkers in the US.There are two ways to approach Strauss’sthinking. Some fourteen books and a multi¬tude of learned papers are listed in the bibli¬ography of Strauss’s writings appended tothe volume under review. Alternatively, onemay sign up for initiation with a Straussianteacher — pi Harvard, at the University ofChicago, or the many other universities andcolleges to which Strauss's pupils and thepupils of his pupils have now penetrated.It is the second method that produces thesense of belonging and believing. The booksand papers are freely available on the sideof the Atlantic from which I write, butStrauss has no discernible influence in Bri¬tain at all. No one writing in the London Re¬view of Books would worry — as StephenToulmin worried recently on these pagesabout the State Department’s policy-plan¬ning staff — that Mrs. Thatcher’s civil ser¬vants know more about the ideas of LeoStrauss than about the realities of the day.'Strauss has no following in the universitieswhere her civil servants are educated.Somehow, the interchange between teacherand pupil gives his ideas a potency that theylack on the printed page.There is no doubt that Strauss was an in¬spiring teacher. Lewis Coser's recent studyof refugee scholars in America singles himout; “He alone among eminent refugee in¬tellectuals succeeded in attracting a bril¬liant galaxy of disciples who created an aca¬demic cult around his teaching.”4 Andmany stories testify that the disciples toeare as impressive in their teaching as intheir scholarly productions. But for an out¬sider this only doubles the enigma. How doStrauss's ideas attract such devotion? Andwhy do they need it? Why do they rely forThe Chicago MaroonThe Chicago Maroon is the official student newspaper of the University of Chicago.It is published twice weekly, on Tuesdays and Fridays. The offices of the Maroon arein Ida Noyes Hall, rooms 303 and 304, 1212 E. 59th St., Chicago, Illinois, 60637. Phone962-9555. *Rosemary BlinnEditor in ChiefChris HillManaging EditorHilary TillSenior News EditorKaren E. AndersonDevelopment EditorPaul SongSports EditorMichael KellyPhotography Editor Terry TrojanekViewpoints EditorSteve LauTuesday Features EditorSusie BradyProduction ManagerPaul RohrCopy EditorAlex ConroyCalendar EditorGeoff SherryCollege News Editor Stephanie BaconGrey City Journal EditorGideon D’ArcangeloChicago Literary Review EditorAlan SierkowskiChicago Literary Review EditorRuth MauriAdvertising ManagerJoe BarnoskyBusiness ManagerJaimie WeihrichOffice ManagerAssociate Editor: Kathy Evans, Molly McClainStaff: Scott Bernard, Dennis Chansky, Tom Cox. Ben Forest^Kelly Hayford, FrankMichaels, Karin Nelson, Phil Pollard, Matt Schaefer, Kick) Senger, Frank Singer.Contributors: Richard Armstrong, Mona El Naggar, Davit! Feige, Mike Fitzgerald,Mike Gorman, Pat Howell, Todd Kopecky, Lauren Kriz, Meg Liebezeit, Rob Nadel-son, Kristin Scott.4—The Chicago Maroon—Tuesday, October 8, 1985 their persuasiveness on the mediation of ani inspiring teacher?It is true that Strauss’s writings are re¬mote and rebarbative. They deal, largely,with what Strauss liked to call “old books.”He studies, and would have us study withhim, Plato and Xenophon, Aristotle and Ci¬cero, Farabi and Maimonides, Machiavelliand Hobbes, Spinoza and Lock — these are"the considerate few.” The range of hislearning is indeed formidable; his com¬mand of ancient and medieval languagescannot fail to impress; his minute scutiny ofeach text establishes an aura of reverencefor its author. According to Strauss, theseold books “owe their existence to the love ofthe mature philosopher for the puppies ofhis race, by whom he wants to be loved inturn.” And one can understand that today’spuppies need assistance if they are to re¬spond with love to Strauss's manner of com¬menting on these classic texts: for he deli¬berately makes the hard ones harder andthe easier ones (e.g., Plato and Xenophon)the most difficult of all. Even more do theyoung need assistance if they are to be in¬spired to found their understanding of thecontemporary world on Strauss’s interpre¬tation of the history of political thought.But the Straussian teacher is not just thehoney that sweetens the taste of worm¬wood/ Here is an account of the first meet¬ing of Strauss’s seminar on Hobbes at theUniversity of Chicago in the fall term of1956:He exposed our opinions as mereopinions; he caused us to realize thatwe were the prisoners of our opinionsby showing us the larger horizons be¬hind and beyond them. Thus we all be¬lieved in watered-down teachingsderived from Marx, Freud, andothers; but buttressing our views wasmodern thought as such, and one of itstowering giants was Hobbes. To un¬derstand the true nature of our be¬liefs. it was necessary to undertakean arduous journey back in time, ajourney that would not even end withHobbes, for modern thought at itsbest was a rebellion by giants likeHobbes against men perhaps evenmore gigantic — Plato and Aristotle.But the conversion, the turning tolight he tried to effect in us, did notnecessarily terminate in Platonism.Not the least remarkable of a numberof remarkable suggestions — or com¬mands — which Leo Strauss producedthat day was that we simply mustbegin with the assumption thatHobbes’s teaching was true — not re¬latively true, not true for Hobbes, nottrue for its time, but simply true Thatwas why we had to read him with allthe care we could muster, and thatwas why (I was to hear him say thisagain and again) one ought not evento begin to criticize an author beforeone had done all one could do to un¬derstand him correctly, to under¬stand him as he understood himself.When other teachers invite their students toexplore the origins of modern thought, theyencourage criticism as the road to activeunderstanding. Understanding growsthrough a dialectical interaction betweenthe students and the author they are study¬ing. Strauss asks — or commands — his stu¬dents to start by accepting that any inclina¬tion they may have to disagree with Hobbes(Plato, Aristotle, Maimonides), any opinioncontrary to his. is mistaken. They must sus¬pend their own judgment, suspend even“modern thought as such.” until they un¬derstand their author “as he understoodhimself.” It is all too clear that this illusory-goal will not be achieved by the end of theterm. Abandon self all ye who enter here.The question is, to whom is the surrendermade: to the text or to the teacher?The injunction to understand one’s author“as he understood himself” is fundamentalto Straussian interpretation, but he neverexplains what that means — only that it isdirected against his chief bugbear, “histor-icism,” or the belief that old books should beunderstood according to their historicalcontext. Thus “I have not tried to relate his(Xenophon’s) thought to his ‘historical situ¬ation’ because this is not the natural way ofreading the work of a wise man and, in addi¬tion. Xenophon never indicated that hewanted to be understood that way.”* Evi¬dently it would be presumptuous for stu¬dents to criticize “a wise man” on the basisof their own watered-down twentieth-centu¬ry thoughts. Let them first acquire the wiseman’s own understanding of his wisdom.I submit in all seriousness that surrenderof the critical intellect is the price of initia¬tion into the world of Leo Strauss’s ideas. Asto why, in recent decades, increasinglymany puppies should have opted for the joysof surrender, and how the muting of one’sown power of judgment fits into the psychol¬ogy of conservatism — these are questionsfor the social scientists whom Strauss de¬spised and abused/ My task here is to tellreaders who are interested in the past, butwho do not wish simply to retreat from thepresent, what happens in the thought-worldthat Strauss’s writings fashion from his fa¬vorite old books. 2.“One must be swayed by a sincerelonging for the past.”10“...today the truth may be accessibleonly through certain old books.”11The leading characters in Strauss’s writingare “the gentlemen” and “the philoso¬pher.” “The gentlemen” come, preferably,from patrician urban backgrounds andhave money without having to work toohard for it: they are not the wealthy as such,then, but those who have “had an opportuni¬ty to be brought up in the proper manner.”1-’Strauss is scornful of mass education.”“Liberal education is the necessary endeav¬or to found an aristocracy within democrat¬ic mass society. Liberal education remindsthose members of a mass democracy whohave ears to hear, of human greatness.”14Such “gentlemen” are idealistic, devotedto virtuous ends, and sympathetic to phi-losphy.' They are thus ready to be taken inhand by “the philosopher,” who will teachthem the great lesson they need to learn be¬fore they join the governing elite.The name of this lesson is “the limits ofpolitics.” Its content is that a just society isso improbable that one can do nothing tobring it about. In the 1960s this became: ajust society is impossible. **■ In either casethe moral is that “the gentlemen” shouldrule conservatively, knowing that “the ap¬parently just alternative to aristocracyopen or disguised will be permanent revolu¬tion, i.e., permanent chaos in which life willbe not only poor and short but brutish aswell.””So who is “the philosopher,” and how doeshe know that this is the right lesson for “thegentlemen”? He is a wise man,who does notwant to rule because his sights are set onhigher things. " His interests, being lofty,are essentially at variance with the inter¬ests of society — in both senses of the world“interests.Teaching “the gentlemen”their lesson is the one service to society bywhich he can justify his remaining alooffrom political affairs and protect himselffrom destruction by the multitude.-'’ We areassured, however, that “the philosopher” isnot likely to be found in a university philoso¬phy department. 1He is not likely to be found in a politicalscience department either. A follower mayspeak of Strauss as a philosopher, meaningone of those who “bring back reports fromregions most of us are not privileged toenter,”--’ but Strauss surely included him¬self when he wrote, “We cannot be philoso¬phers. but we can love philosophy; we cantry to philosophize.” He continues: “Thisphilosophizing consists at any rate primari¬ly and in a way chiefly in listening to theconversation between the great philoso¬phers...and therefore in studying the greatbooks.” 1 Certainly, neither Strauss norStraussians engage in the active discussionof central questions of philosophy which ischaracteristic of Plato. Aristotle, Kant, andmodern philosophy departments. They con¬fine themselves to the exposition of texts,mainly texts of political philosophy — not,for example, Aristotle’s Physics or Kant’sCritique of Pure Reason. (It would be diffi¬cult to start from the assumption that theAristotelian cosmology is '‘simply tree.”)Whe l Strauss comes near an abstract ar¬gument — for example, the twenty-six-prem se demonstration of the existence, in-corp jreality, and unity of God inMaimonides’ the Guide of the Perplexed —he passes by without stopping to examine itslogic.’4 When he confronts Plato’s mostfamous metaphysical doctrine, the Theoryof Forms, he rapidly pronounces it “utterlyincredible,”’ refusing to accept that it mustbe the basis for any adequate interpretationof the Republic. (So much for starting fromthe assumption that what one’s author saysis true — or could Strauss be so extravagentas to wish to imply that Plato disbelievedhis own Theory? )> There is much talk inStraussian writings about the nature of “thephilosopher” but no sign of any knowledge,from the inside, of what it is to be activelyinvolved in philosophy. “The philoso¬pher,” in fact, is a construct out of oldbooks: he wrote some of them or, like So¬crates, he appears as a character in them.Thus the answer to the question “Howdoes ‘the philosopher’ know what to teach‘the gentlemen’?” is very simple. Either hewrote or he has read Plato's Republic, andPlato's Republic shows Socrates teachingtwo “gentlemen,” Glaucon and Adeiman-tus, to moderate their idealistic ambition toachieve justice on earth. “Certain it is thatthe Republic supplies the most magnificentcure ever devised for every form of politicalambition.’”*It would be a misunderstanding at thispoint to ask for reasons why we should be¬lieve that Plato’s teaching is true. Strausscould not give reasons without appealing toour modern opinions. Instead of giving rea¬sons, he would have us transpose ourselvesright back into the ancient world in order toappreciate that we are “the prisoners of ouropinions.” First we obey the command toassume that Plato’s teaching is “ the truth”and then, from that standpoint, we see thedegeneracy of today’s world.M We look atmodern thought through Plato’s eyes and,continued on page fiveStrausscontinued from page fournot surprisingly, we are dismayed. If this iswhat it means to understand Plato “as heunderstood himself,” it follows inevitablythat the only reasons Strauss can give forbelieving that Plato’s teaching is true arePlato's reasons — as Strauss construesthem. Exegesis is Strauss’s substitute forargument.What Strauss can do, and does, is givereasons why we should believe that Platotaught what Strauss says he taught. He un¬dertakes the difficult task of showing thatthe Republic means the opposite of what itsays; that Aristotle read it as Strauss does,and agreed; and finally that the Platonicview of “the political things”’0 was main¬tained, in essentials, by the entire traditionof classical political philosophy (not ex¬cluding Aristophanes and Xenophon)through the Stoics and beyond. The rot firstsets in with Machiavelli, followed byHobbes. They rebel against “the classicalnatural right doctrine” of Socrates, Plato,Aristotle, the Stoics, and the Christianthinkers,” and they start setting the de¬based goals that modern society has accept¬ed: universal education and the use ofscience for the relief of man’s estate.”’ “Weshall have to consider whether that Enlight¬enment deserves its name or whether itstrue name is ObfuscationThis picture of the history of politicalthought explains why so many of the textsthat Strauss examines turn out to containthe same story: what “the philsopher” told“the gentlemen.” Straussian history is writ¬ten to record the unanimous antiegalitarianconservatism of “the classics” and. whenhe expounds more recent texts, to bemoanthe story's unhappy ending. Not thatStrauss ever gives the whole story in oneplace; much labor is required to disentan¬gle its several elements from his denuncia¬tions of modernity and the exegesis ofdozens of texts.” But by the principles ofStraussian pedagogy this is as it should be.“The wisdom of the ancients reveals itselfonly to those who have the proper disposi¬tions.””If we now ask whether Strauss’s exegesisachieves the historical exactness at which itavowedly aims,” we meet a problem.Straussians know that the considered judg¬ment of the scholarly non-Straussian worldis that, while Strauss’s interpretation of thehistory of political thought contains somevaluable insights, much of it is a tale full of sound and fury and extraordinary inac¬curacies.” But Strauss and his followersdisdain the canons of ordinary historicalscholarship." “For even the philosophywhich we use as a tool for the interpretationof ancient thought is based on modernphilosophy.”" Let us therefore ask a dif¬ferent question. What does one have tobelieve in order to believe that Strauss’s ac¬count of “the wisdom of the ancients” is cor¬rect?What one has to believe is that “the con¬siderate few have imperturbably conveyedto their readers an eloquence of articulatesilences and pregnant indications.”3.“From an outsider’s perspective, aStraussian...is someone who readssecular books religiously, Talmudical-ly, cabalistically, but above allperversely. ”4"It was Maimonides who started it. It wasfrom him that Strauss drew his idea of“esoteric literature.” In the introduction tothe first part of The Guide of the PerplexedMaimonides states, “It is not the purpose ofthis Treatise to make its totality understan¬dable to the vulgar,” and he goes on to in¬struct the learned reader how to gather hismeaning from hints, indications, anddeliberate contradictions. Outsiders neednot be incredulous when Strauss assertsthat there has existed in the past “apeculiar type of literature, in which thetruth about all crucial things is presentedexclusively between the lines.” for fear ofthe intolerance of revealed religion.” Saveyour disbelief for the next claim, that all“the considerate few” practiced the art ofwriting through hints, indications, and de¬liberate contradictions. Strauss's fantasti¬cal supposition is that, whether we are deal¬ing with the allusiveness of Machiavelli andother Renaissance writers, or with such lit¬erary precautions as we may find in De-scrates, Hobbes, or Locke, or with the dia¬logues of Plato and Xenophon, in each caseMaimonides’ instruction to his twelfth-cen¬tury readers w ill unlock a secret teaching.Strauss came to Maimonides in search ofa solution to the conflict between reasonsand religion. As a Jewish thinker in themodern world he experienced the conflictwithin himself. He had worked on Spinozaand his higher (i.e., historical) criticism ofthe Bible.4’ Could Maimonides show himthat philosophy and the Jewish traditionwere after all compatible? Having, as hethought, discovered that Maimonides saidthey were but meant they were not, Strausswrote an introduction to The Guide of theImmanuel WallersteinFernand Braudel Centerfrom State University ofNew York - BinghamtonTopic:“The Construction of Peoplehood:Racism, Nationalism, Ethnicity”Time:Friday, October 11,19854 p.m.Place:Swift Lecture HallSponsor:Sponsored by The Department ofSociology and The Center for theStudy of Industrial Societies J Perplexed which spoke of its secretteaching without fully revealing what itwas.4’ For he agreed with what he supposedto be Maimonides’ unobvious meaning, thatno philosopher can believe in religion but itis most necessary that nonphilosophers doso. Strauss then proceeded, underMaimonides' guidance, to project themedieval tension between reason andrevelation back into antiquity so as to makePlato and Xenophon suffer a “persecution”that no ordinary historian has ever heard of.He went on to find all and sundry “writingbetween the lines,” so as to convey a secretteaching. He developed for himself a styleof writing about the secret teaching ofothers which would conceal “all crucialthings” from any but the most dedicateddisciple. The ultimate perfection of thisstyle of writing, the climax of the genre, isthe volume under review: Studies inPlatonic Political Philosophy.The outsider will think it a nonbook, amere miscellany of previously publishedpieces. Despite the title, only two chaptersdiscuss Plato. Thucydides, Xenophon, andNietzsche are discussed in three others.There are three short notes on Maimonides,two brief reviews, encyclopedia articles on“Natural Law” and “Machiavelli,” and anintroduction by Thomas L. Pangle whichopens with the statement, “I am certainthat I do not have a completely clearunderstanding of the fundamental intentionwhich guided Strauss in this and all hismature works.”Initiates will know, of course, that, asStrauss himself put it, “the superficialunderstanding is not simply wrong, since itgrasps the obvious meaning which is asmuch intended by the author as is thedeeper meaning.”44 Initiates should alsoknow how Maimonides would direct them todiscover the unobvious meaning.You start, always, by taking note of thearrangement of the work. (The editor tellsus that Strauss gave the book its title anddevised the order of pieces a year or twobefore he died.)4 You count the chapters:“there are sixteen, if you include the essay onPlato’s Gorgias which Strauss did not live towrite. At the halfway point you find Chapter “outstanding” thinker is adequatelyunderstood by his followers or by his critics.It is now obvious why Chapter 2 is entitled“On Plato’s Apology of Socrates and Crito.”Socrates is the “outstanding” thinker whomboth Nietzsche and Heidegger attacked, andwhose trial and execution would be un¬necessary in a world where, as HermannCohen dreamed, religion and philosophywere reconciled. The book is to be Strauss’sapology for the Platonic Socrates against“modern thought as such.”The one true philosopher, as un¬compromising in his death as in his thought,will serve as the exemplar by which to con¬demn the many aspects of modern thoughtthat Strauss dislikes. It is by deliberate planthat thirteen chapters of Studies in PlatonicPolitical Philosophy do not deal with worksby Plato. Initiates know that the history ofpolitical thought is the history of Platonicpolitical philosophy. They will perceive theexact place in the master’s plan of Chapter4, "Preliminary Observations on the Godsin Thucydides’ Work,” and of the resume ofStrauss’s teaching on natural law inChapter 6. They will relish the juxtapositionin Chapters 12-13 of the article “NiccoloMachiavelli” with a two-page review ofC.B. Macpherson’s The Political Theory ofPossessive Individualism: Hobbes toLocke. Even the two-page “Note onMaimonides’ Treatise on the Art of Logic”(Chapter 11) is pregnant in its silence about,for instance, logic.This should be enough to indicate, withoutfully revealing, the unobvious meaning ofStudies in Platonic Political Philosophy. AsPangle says. “Surely it is not unreasonableto expect that in this, the book he likelyknew would be his last, he meant to help usdiscern more sharply the guiding themesthat had come to seem most significant tohim.” We could read it as Strauss's epitaphto his life work The title, the style, the ar¬rangement combine to whisper, to “thosemembers of a mass democracy who haveears to hear.” of the “outstanding” contem¬porary thinker who recovered Plato’ssecret teaching and vanquished modernthought.The name of this lesson is “the limits of politics.” Its con¬tent is that a just society is so improbable that one can donothing to bring it about.8. significantly entitled “Note on the Plan ofNietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil" andcontaining its own count of Nietzsche’schapters. You know that Strauss regardsNietzsche as the source of radicalhistoricism.4’ For this and other reasonsNietzsche is Respected Enemy NumberOne. Further clues to the plan of Strauss’sbook are waiting in the first and lastchapters, which I have not yet mentioned.The title of Chapter 15. “IntroductoryEssay for Hermann Cohen, Religion ofReason out of the Sources of Judaism," con¬tains another title within itself, and one thatindicates Respected Enemy Number Two.For initiates know that religion and reasoncan never marry, that “Jerusalem andAthens” < Strauss’s title for Chapter 7 > is thename of a tension that can never be resolved.”4' Chapter I, “Philosophy, asRigorous Science and PoliticalPhilosophy,” contains observations onHusserl and Heidegger, with whom Straussstudied during a postdoctoral year at theUniversity of Freiburg. They stand, inStrauss’s eyes, for modern philosophy:Respected Enemy Number Three. Strauss'srespect for Heidegger is particularlymagnanimous, given the intimate connec¬tion he discerns between Heidegger’shistoricism and his welcoming Hitler'srevolution in 1933.44 It is here, on the secondpage of Chapter I and with reference toHeidegger, that Strauss says, foreshadow¬ing Pangle’s words about himself, that no 4.“Professor Strauss has singlehandedlyrevived the serious study of ancientpolitical thought and shown that it is notmerely an object for historical curiositybut is relevant to our most vital presentinterests.” "“We admire the ease with which Farabiinvented Platonic speeches.”Let us be clear that if Strauss’s inter¬pretation of Plato is wrong, the entireedifice falls to dust. If Plato is the radicalUtopian that ordinary scholarship believeshim to be,' there is no such thing as theunanimous conservatism of "the classics”:no such disaster as the loss of ancientwisdom through Machiavelli and Hobbes;no such person as "the philosopher” to tell‘•the gentlemen” to observe “the limits ofpolitics.” Instead, the “larger horizonsbehind and beyond” modern thought openonto a debate about the nature and prac¬ticability of a just society. Those of us whotake philosophy seriously will think that thisclash of reasoned views among the ancientphilosophers is more relevant to our presentinterests than the anti-Utopian “teaching”that Strauss has single-handedly invented.So let me try to show that Strauss's inter¬pretation of Plato is wrong from beginningto end.continued on page six;AjSfiala&vfincfcij, October 11 fk 6:30j>»n.funuL-cooW. Giourwit Xgskr <Skai£a£ mca(straiktionaL akwospfurt-maJu. nsmrfSms ancC jail 'jjwtby noon.5?I5 SVoodWn.The Chicago Maroon—Tuesday. October 8. 1985—5Strausscontinued from page fiveHis beginning is an inference fromliterary form. Plato wrote dialogues,dramas in prose. Therefore, the utterancesof Socrates or any other character in aPlatonic dialogue are like the utterances ofMacbeth: they do not necessarily expressthe thought of the author. LikeShakespeare, ‘ Plato conceals his opi¬nions.”"The comparison is, of course, woefully in¬adequate. There are dramas and dramas,and Plato’s distancing of himself from hischaracters is quite different fromShakespeare’s. It is not through literary in¬sensitivity that readers of the Platonicdialogues, from Aristotle onward, havetaken Socrates to be Plato's spokesman;nor is it. as Strauss imagines, throughfailure to appreciate that a drama com¬prises the “deeds” as well as the“speeches” of the characters.The dramatic action of the Republic, forexample, is a sustained exhibition of thepower of persuasion. Socrates persuadesGlaucon and Adeimantus that justice isessential for the happiness of both city andman. He persuades them that justice can berealized in human society provided threegreat changes are made in the life of the rul¬ing class. First, the family and private pro¬perty must be abolished; second, womenmust be brought out of seclusion andeducated to take part in governmentalongside the men; third, both men andwomen must have a lengthy training in ad-vanced mathematics and activephilosophical discussion (not the reading ofold books'. He persuades them, moreover,that these changes can be brought aboutwithout violence, by the kind of persuasiveargument he is using with them.The proof of the power of persuasion isthat in the course of the discussion — this isone of the “deeds” that Plato leaves theobservant reader to notice for himself —Glaucon and Adeimantus undertake to par¬ticipate in the task of persuasionthemselves, should the day of Utopiacome." A significant event, this undertak¬ing. for Glaucon and Adeimantus belong tothe aristocratic elite. In Straussianlanguage, they are “gentlemen”: the verypeople Socrates' persuasion must be able towin over if he means what he so often says,that a just society is both desirable andpracticable.Thus the “deeds of the Republic, so far from undercutting Socrates’ utopianspeeches, reinforce them. Plato uses thedistance between himself and the characterof Socrates not to conceal his opinions, butto show their efficacy in action. Any“gentlemen” who read the Republic andidentify with Glaucon or Adeimantus shouldfind themselves fired with the ambition tohelp achieve justice on earth, and convincedthat it can be done.Strauss, of course, wants his“gentlemen” readers to form the oppositeconviction, about the Republic and aboutpolitics in general. What persuasions can hemuster? There is the frail comparison withShakespeare. There is the considerationthat Socrates is a master of irony and“irony is a kind of dissimulation, or of un-truthfulness.” But to show the detail thatPlato means the opposite of what Socratessays. Strauss resorts to a peculiar mode ofparaphrase which he evidently learnedfrom the tenth-century Islamic philosopher.Farabi.'"The technique is as follows. Youparaphrase the text in tedious detail — or soit appears to the uninitiated reader. Occa¬sionally you remark that a certain state¬ment is not clear; you note that the text issilent about a certain matter; you wonderwhether such and such can really be thecase. With a series of scarcely perceptiblenudges you gradually insinuate that the textis insinuating something quite differentfrom what the words say. Strauss’s descrip¬tion of Farabi describes himself: “There isa great divergence between what Farabi ex¬plicitly says and what Plato explicitly says;it is frequently impossible to say whereFarabi's alleged report of Plato’s viewsends and his own exposition begins.” 7The drawback with this mode of commen¬ting on a Platonic dialogue is that it presup¬poses what it seeks to prove, that thedialogue form is designed to convey dif¬ferent meanings to different kinds ofreaders. " If there is a secret meaning, onemight concede that Maimonides’ instruc¬tions show us how to find it and thatFarabi’s mode of commentary is the pro¬perly cautious way to pass it on to a newgeneration of initiates. But Strauss has notyet shown that Plato does conceal his opi¬nions. let alone that they are the opposite ofwhat Socrates explicitly says. Hence his use of techniques adapted from Maimonidesand Farabi is a vicious circularity.It would be tedious to follow up all theperversities, both literary andphilosophical, of Strauss’s reading of theRepublic. I shall pick on one central state¬ment Strauss makes about the Republic:“The philosophers cannot be persuaded,they can only be compelled to rule thecities.”"'The first half of this sentence is sheer in¬vention on Strauss’s part, as is the word“only” in the second half. The passages thatStrauss is paraphrasing speak of compell¬ing the philosophers to rule — by persuasiveargument. They do not contrast persuasionwith compulsion. Nor do they containStrauss’s next point, that the philosopherswill only be compelled if the non¬philosophers are persuaded — by thephilosophers — to compel them. So theylend no support to Strauss’s concluding in¬sinuation that “the just city is not possiblebecause of the philosophers’ unwillingnessto rule.”Such is the manner in which Strauss turnsupside down the meaning of the Republic.Socrates is in fact arguing that the just cityis possible because of the philosophers’ un¬willingness to rule. Willing rulers want torule because of something they will get outof it, for themselves or for their country.Not so the philosophers of the ideal city:their complete dedication to the higherworld of mathematics and activephilosophical discussion guarantees thatruling can give them nothing that theyvalue. In place of the partialities that cor¬rupt the rulers we are familiar with, theywill put the requirements of impartialjustice. Just so, it is the requirements of im¬partial justice that persuade them to governin the first place. Nobody else could be socompelled, but these devotees of purereason are compelled to rule by the force ofthe reasoned argument which is put to them— not by the nonphilosophers but by thefounding fathers of the city. Socrates andhis interlocutors. This argument is that thephilosophers owe a debt to the ideal city forproviding the liberal education inmathematics and philosophy that teachesthem to know and love justice. They willrule for justice’s sake and that alone, to re¬quite a debt rather than because they think it is a great good to be in charge of the city."”All of this, and much more, Straussparaphrases a\ ay in the manner I have il¬lustrated. The crowning insult to the criticalintellect is the insinuation that Platoteaches that “the just city is against naturebecause the equality of the sexes and ab¬solute communism are against nature.”"1This is of course completely opposed towhat Plato wrote and Aristotle criticized."JIt is also the point at which Strauss sums upthe relevance of the Republic to the politicsof today: “The Republic conveys thebroadest and deepest analysis of politicalidealism ever made.”SI l OIKS INPlatonic Political Philosophy5.“Carnes Lord has taught politicalscience at the University of Virginiaand has served in the United Statesgovernment, most recently on thesenior staff of the National SecurityCouncil. He is the author of Educationand Culture in the Political Thought ofAristotle.''"'This profile of a pupil of a pupil brings usback to the political dimension of Strauss'sdealings with old books. Strauss believedthat civil society must, of necessity, fosterwarlike habits and make its citizens applydifferent rules of conduct to one another andto foreigners. The impossibility of interna¬tional justice was a considerable part ofwhat persuaded him that “the justice whichis possible within the city, can only be im¬perfect or cannot be unquestionablygood.”"" But Strauss spent his life extollingcontinued on page sevenSomething more than an academic quarrel is taking placewhen Strauss defends his eccentric view.&THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOJOHN \I. OLIN CENTERpresentsa lecture series onAMERICA S ROLE IN THE WORLDStephen Peter RosenResearch Fellow, Center for InternationalAffairs, Harvard UniversityonWHY AMERICA SHOULDN’THAVE FOREIGN AFFAIRSTUesday, October 8,19854:00 p.m.Social Science Research BuildingRoom 122,1126 Bast 50th Streett he second speaker in the series will heSenator George McGovernon Tliesdav, October 22, 198.1 1607 E. 55th St.Chicago, IL 60615363-7119We serve the best Thaifood in town.Open 11:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m. M-SatSunday - 2:00 p.m. - 11:00 p.m.s6—The Chicago Maroon—Tuesday, October 8, 1985— —»— - "™ "*—■ — " ■ ■ 1 — ■Strausscontinued from page sixwhat he believed to be “the truth" on thegrounds that it is the unanimous “wisdom ofthe ancients.’’ Hence something more thanan academic quarrel is taking place whenStrauss defends his eccentric view thatPlato’s Socrates agrees with Xenophon’s inteaching that the just citizen is one whohelps his friends and harms his enemies.Plato’s Socrates attacks this very notionearly in the Republic. No matter: Strausswill demonstrate that it is the only definitionof justice from Book I which is “entirelypreserved” in the remainder of theRepublic."' Plato’s Socrates argues pas¬sionately in the Gorgias for a revolutionarymorality founded on the thesis that oneshould not return wrong for wrong.Strauss’s unwritten essay on Plato’sGorgias would have summoned all hisMaimonidean skills to show' that Socratesdoes not mean what he says. Much more isat stake here than the correctness or other¬wise of the common scholarly opinion thatXenophon, a military man, was incompe¬tent at philosophy and did not understandSocrates. The real issue is Strauss’sruthless determination to use these oldbooks to “moderate” that idealist longingfor justice, at home and abroad, which grew'in the puppies of America during the yearswhen Strauss was teaching and writing.Studios, 1,2, & 3 BedroomApartments AvailableSome Nice Lake ViewsGood LocationHeat IncludedParking AvailableCALLHERBERT REALTY684-23335 % Student Discounts9:00 A.M.-4:30 P.M.Monday thru Friday9:00 A.M.-2 P.M.Saturday Joseph Cropsey, ed., Ancients and Moderns:Essays on the Tradition of Political Philosophy inHonor of Leo Strauss (Basic Books, 1964), editor’spreface, p. viii.Lewis A. Coser, Reguee Scholars in America:Their Impact and Their Experiences (Yale Uni¬versity Press, 1984), p. 202.See Toulmin’s article in The New York Review(December 6, 1984), p. 4‘Coser, Refugee Scholars in America: Their Im¬pact and Their Experience, p. 202Leo Strauss, Persecution and the Art of Writing(Free Press, 1952), p. 36.‘For the sweetness, see Allan Bloom’s stunninglyseductive appreciation “Leo Strauss September20, 1899-Octobver 18, 1973,” Political Theory 2(1974), pp. 372-392, which also gives a very helpfulaccount of the successive phases of Strauss'sthinking and writing.Werner J. Dannhauser, “Leo Strauss: BecomingNaive Again” The American Scholar 44(1974-1975), p. 638.’On Tyranny (Agora Paperback Edition, CornellUniversity Press, 1963). p. 24. Cf., Persecution, p.159; Natural Right and History (University of Chi¬cago Press, 1953), p. 33; What is Political Philoso¬phy? (The Free Press, 1959), pp. 66, 101.“Especially in Natural Right and History. Cf.What is Political Philosophy? chapters 1-2; TheCity and Man (University of Chicago Press, 1964»,pp. 8-12; Liberalism Ancient and Modern ( BasicBooks. 1968), chapters. Strauss’s denunciations ofmodern social science should be read in the lightcontinued on page eightRUMMAGESALESaturday, October 12, 19858:00 AM to 1:00 PMChurch of St. Pauland the Redeemer(Episcopal)4945 South Dorchester Avenue(50th & Dorchester)Enter at 50th Street(southeast corner)For more info:Call 624-3185 MOODY PRESS CALLSJOHN MAC ARTHUR"One of the most biblically soundwriters of our day."m * *9** with rStimulate your spiritualgrowth with warm, practical, in-depthBible studies and provocative interviews. Listento Grace to You with John MacArthur onWCFL 1000 AM 3:30 o.m. (j p.m. M-FWMBI 1100 AM 7:30 a.m. M-FWMBI 90.1AM 10:30 a.m. M-FGet a FREEfavorite KODACOLOR Film negatives, colorslides, or color prints* for breathtaking enlarge¬ments from 8" x 12" to 16" x 24". Ask for details.Order any two same-size,same-finish Kodak colorenlargements. Get a thirdenlargement free, fromKodak’s own labs.Hurry, offer runsSeptember 30-November 1,1985.‘Slides, film negatives, or prints cannot 0ecombined in the same order to qualify f }Ask for A PROCESSING BYfjm KodakThe University of Chicago BookstorePhotographic & Office Machine Department970 E. 58th St. 2nd Floor962-7558I.B.X. 5-4364 ChicagoSymphonyOrchestraSir Georg Solti,Music DirectorStudentSubscription1985-86 SeasonSponsored by theJunior Governing BoardBuy yourtickets inperson atOrchestraHallOne time onlySnturdey, October 122:30 to 6:00 p.m. Series A • 8:00p.m.• Saturday, November 16Amadeus and the RussiansKurt Sanderling, ConductorMalcolm Frager, PianoMussorgsky-Shostakovich/Mozart/Shostakovich• Friday, January 31Solti!Sir Georg Solti, ConductorWeber/Rochberg/SchumannSponsored by• Saturday, February 22Slatkin ExploresGreat Danish WorkLeonard Slatkin, ConductorCho-liang Lin, ViolinFine/Bruch/Nielsen Series B • 8:00 p.m.• Wednesday. November 27Leinsdorf Conducts Strauss!Erich Leinsdorf, ConductorHmdemith/Brahms/R. Strauss• Tuesday, March 4Barenboim Plays andConductsDaniel Barenboim. Conductorand PianoMozart/Tchaikovsky• Thursday, April 24The Chorus Canter StageMargaret Hiliis, ConductorBarbara Pearson, SopranoDonald Kasch, TenorKurt Link, BassChicago Symphony ChorusRorem/RachmanmovSelect one or two series...• Savings of 50% over the cost ofregular concert tickets• Performances of a wide range olrepertoire by a brilliant array ofinternational conductors and soloists• Included for the first time will be aconcert of contemporary music,featunng some of the greatest namesin 20th century music• Free lectures before each concert 4th Concert for both Series A andSeries B SubscribersFriday, February 21 at 8:00 p mIRCAM- Institut pour la Pierre Boulez, ConductorRecherche et Coordination Varese/lves/Dufourt/Acoustique Musique, Stockhausen/SchoenbergCentre Georges Pompidou. PansTickets are limited—plan NOWto become a subscriber!Tickets from 152 00-S24 25The Chicago Maroon—Tuesday. October 8, 1985 —7By Frank MichaelsStaff WriterInjuries to quarterback Matt Schaeferand fullback Tony Lee robbed the Universi¬ty of Chicago of its ball control offense, andthe Lawrence Vikings rallied for 15 fourthquarter points to defeat the Maroons, 21-7,Saturday in Appleton. WI.Schaefer, who strained ligaments in thethumb of his throwing hand almost twoweeks ago, remains questionable for thisSaturday’s crucial conference match-upaginst Beloit, which won the MCAC NorthDivision in 1984. Lee sat out the Lawrencegame with a concussion, and his andSchaefer’s absence allowed the Vikings tokey on Bruce Montella and the runninggame, and thus limit Chicago to only onedrive in excess of two and a half minutes allafternoon.Chicago's inability to move the ball over¬ shadowed one of the Maroons’ best defen¬sive games of the season. Led by line¬backers Ted Repass < 19 tackles) and DaveBaker (18 tackles) along with a constantpass rush, the Maroons had held Lawrenceto two first half goals, and allowed themonly 21 yards on 15 plays in the thirdperiod.The Maroons took a 7-6 lead late in thethird period, after Chicago’s John Burrillrecovered a fumbled punt at the Vikings’seven-yard line. Montella scored on the nextplay, and Paul Song’s extra point gave Chi¬cago the lead with 1:33 left in the quarter.The Maroons forced the Vikings to punt ontheir next possession, and entered thefourth quarter with the lead intact and theball at the Maroon 43. Momentum shiftedmoments later, though, when Lawrencestopped Montella on a fourth-and-inches sit¬uation at the Viking 47, While the Vikingsover injury-Maroon Sports CalendarFootball10/13 Beloit College* 1:30 p.m.Soccer10/9 at St. Franeis College10/12 at Lawrence University 4:00 p.m.2:00 p.m.Volleyball10/8 at Beloit College10/9 Wheaton College10/11 Ripon College 7:30 p.m.7.30 p.m.7:00 p.m.Field Hockey10/11-12 at University of Wisconsin-Steven’s Point TBAWomen’s Tennis10/9 at Wheaton College10/12 at University of Illinois-Chicago 2:30 p.m,2:30 p.m.Men’s Cross Country10/12 at Illinois Intercollegiate Championships TBAWomen’s Cross Country10/12 at Washington University invitational 11:45 a.m.TBA — to be announced*Can be heard live on WHPK-88,5 F.M. didn’t score immediately after that turn¬over. they succeeded in keeping Chicago inits own territory for the remainder of thegame. In fact, three plays after the changeof possession, Maroon freshman SteveChmelik intercepted a Rob McNamarapass, and Chicago took over at its own 16.Unable to move the ball though, theMaroons punted, and Lawrence began thegame-winning scoring drive at the Chicago43.On lst-and-10 from Chicago’s 32, McNa¬mara lofted a pass to tight end Steve John¬son. and the play was apparently broken upnear the goal line by Repass and Chmelik.The play was ruled a fumble, however, andthe Vikings’ Steve Dobbe recovered the ballin the end zone for the go-ahead touchdown,down. Bob Sell’s extra point made the score13-7 Lawrence, with 10:26 left in the game.A sack by Lawrence’s Mike Gonzalezended the next Chicago drive, and followinga punt the Vikings drove 58 yards in 7 playsfor an insurance score with 5:33 remaining,the score coming on an eight yard comple¬tion from McNamara to halfback GregCurtis.Chicago’s final threat ended near mid-field with 1:37 left. Quarterback RogerHunt, replacing freshman starter ScottGross, completed five consecutive passes,but on 2nd-and 10 from the 49 Hunt wassacked and stripped of the ball, and Gonza-lex recovered for Lawrence at the Chicago38. The Vikings then ran out the clock.The final statistics illustrate Chicago's in¬ability to drive without Schaefer and Lee.Chicago managed seven first downs allgame, and that includes two roughing-the-kicker penalties on the Vikings. The teamStrausscontinued from page seven had minus-12 yards rushing, and Montellafinished with just 27 yards on 22 carries.Meanwhile, the Maroon defense allowedLawrence only 110 yards rushing on 50 car¬ries, and limited the Vikings to a l2-for-33passig day with some of its best secondaryplay all season.Chicago’s only other scoring threat camelate in the first half. On lst-and-10 from theChicago 3-yard line, Gross hit receiver EricSmith (8 catches, 146 yards) on the left side¬line, and Smith raced 71 yards to the Viking26. Four plays later Brian Ward missed a 38-yard field goal, however, and the Vikingstook over at their own 21 with l :45 left. Sus¬taining a nine play drive, the Vikings movedto the Maroon 13, an settled for a 30-yardBob Sell field goal with 20 seconds left in thehalf to take a 6-0 lead.The Maroons had seemingly caught an¬other break earlier in the second quarter,when they blocked a field goal attempt andrecovered at the Lawrence 49, their bestfield position of the day so far. Viking cor-nerback Marty Johnson intercepted a Grosspass on the next play, though, ending the op¬portunity.Chicago falls to 3-2 on the season with theloss, while Lawrence climbs to 4-1. TheMaroons face Beloit (3-2) at Stagg Field thisSaturday, but may still be without Schaefer.Lee should return for the Beloit game. De¬fensive tackle Andrew Jaffee made a suc¬cessful return to the lineup againstLawrence after missing the Coe game witha disclocated shoulder, but cornerbaek TimFields (knee) is out for the season, and de¬fensive end Jeff ShinalJ (ankle) is question¬able for the Beloit game.of the fact that he taught in a department of politi¬cal science, as do most of his followers. What is atissue in the polemic with his professional col¬leagues is how such departments are to be con¬ducted."Leo Strauss. “On Collingwood s Philosophy ofHistory," Review of Metaphysics 5 (1951-1952). p.576. '__ 4' Persecution, p. 154.‘ What is Political Philosophy? p. 113; cf. Liber¬alism. p. 11. _■What is Political Philsophy? p 38; Liberalism,pp. 63-64.J Liberalism. p. 4, _ Liberalism, p. 7.Dannhauser. p 641.’Liberalism, p, 7.•See “How To Begin To Study The Guide of thePerplexedintroductory essay to Moses Mai-monides: The Guide of the Perplexed, translatedby S. Pines (University of Chicago Press. 1963).The essay is reprinted in Liberalism, chapter 6.City and Man. p. 119.' See Strauss’s article “Plato,’’ in Leo Strauss andJoseph Cropsey, eds. History of Political Philoso¬phy (Rand McNally, second edition. 1972), pp.43-44.Slow start for men's cross-countryBy Scott BernardStaff WriterWhat with all the hoopia over the resur¬gent Monsters of the Midway, the U of Cmen’s cross-country team is feeling lost inthe shuffle. “ We don’t begrudge the footballteam anything for the publicity they’re re¬ceiving,” says team spokesman Paul Ellen-bogen. “They’re doing great, they're reallyplaying some kinda football, and we wishthem well. But we’d like folks to rememberthat we’re out here, too — always givin’ 110percent.”But if Saturday's race at the 23rd annualBeloit Cross-country Invitational is any in¬dication, the Maroon runners might have todig a little deeper. Their 8th-place finish inthe 13-team field was the team’s worstshowing at Beloit in recent memory. TheMaroons tallied 196 points, well behind first-place Loras’s score of 74. Conference rivalsCornell and Lawrence finished 4th and 6th,respectively, to beat Chicago. But theMaroons defeated two other conferencefoes, St. Norbert and Beloit, evening theirrecord at 2-2 in Midwest Athletic Confer¬ence action. crossings, Rahieh went out conservatively,going through the first mile in the middle ofthe pack. “I knew that most of the runnersahead of me were young and inexperiencedand wouldn’t treat the course with respect,so 1 let them waste their energies trying totear up the course in the early going,” hesaid. “Then I picked them off in droves.” Hefinished strong to place 14th overall.But senior Paul Ulrich’s experience didn’tserve him so well. He placed 46th in 28:54,looking haggard as he trudged across theline. Freshman teammate Armand Museyovertook him just before the finish to beathim by two seconds and two places. “I can’tbelieve the young whipper-snapper beatme, with ail my years of experience,”wheezed the grizzled 4-year veteran as hewatched the youthful Armand at play afterthe race. “Maybe I’m getting too old forthis,” Then he straightened up. “I’ll beback,” he pronounced, the gleam of firesthat once burned brightly returning to hiseyes. “Armand is a fine young man and afine competitor, but. grizzled though I amI'm not ready to step aside for the young setjust yet.”“I hope today’s meet wakes the boys up.”commented first-year head coach MikeKariuk. “Even though it was their first raceof the season, they should have run a littlebetter. They ’re going to have to work reallyhard in the next few weeks. I’m not too wor¬ried, though. This team has a lot of heartand a lot of character.” Judging from theBeloit meet. Kariuk predicted that Cornellwill unseat defending champion Lawrencefrom the MAC throne. The Maroons, hesaid, should finish third at the conferencechampionship meet, as they have the pasttwo years.Chicago did have one outstanding perfor¬mance at Beloit. Seasoned veteran MikeRabieh. in his final season in maroon garb,led the team with a fast time of 27:24 overthe slow 8000-meter course. Knowingthrough long experience the rigors of Be¬loit’s challenging English-style course, re¬plete with hills, log jumps, and streamEmmt Park TowarmBmrbmrSbop752-9455By Appointment Half a minute ahead of Musey and Ulrichwas Stephen Thomas, the Maroon’s secondfinisher in 36th place. Coming off a summerof very intense training, Thomas ran wellwithin his capabilities (He placed 10th atBeloit last year), preferring to ease into theseason rather than risk burning out early.Rounding out the scoring for Chicago wasSean Love, in 56th place in 29:33; Ellenbo-gen, in 57th place in 29:34; and Mark Albers,in 69th place in 30:58.Next Saturday the Maroons will competein the Illinois Intercollegiate Championshipin the southern Chicago suburb of PalosHeights. The runners are dedicating theirperformance to Tim Fields, a track team¬mate and football player who badly injuredhis knee playing against Coe College. Theywish him the best of luck on the road to aspeedy recovery.aUNfSt-AMOKAM KSTJUMAMTSpodollilng in Contonouiond Amorlcon eUthosOp#n Doily 11 A,-8:30 P.M.Ctosod Mondaymtjm outm8—The Chicago Maroon—Tuesday, October 8, 1985 Natural Right, p. 143; City and Man, pp. 27-28,37. _-City and Man, p. 127; cf. Socrates and Aristo¬phanes (Basic Books. 1966), pp. 279-280. 312. Forthe earlier version, cf. On Tyranny (first pub¬lished in 1948), pp. 77-79; Natural Right, pp138-139,151.199-200, 307; Thoughts on Machiavelli(The Free Press, 1958). pp. 172-173, 296.rWhat is Political Philosophy? p. 113, whereStrauss indicates that when this argument is ap¬plied to the present day, it yields his defense of lib¬eral or constitutional democracy — i.e., moderndemocracy is justified, according to him. if andbecause it is aristocracy in disguise, Cf. Liber¬alism. p . 24.'Natural Right, p 151; What is Political Philoso¬phy:? p 113.'On Tyranny, p. 63; What is Political Philosophy?pp. 221-222; Liberalism, p, 14,■'What is Political Philosophy? p. 92-94, 120,125-126. -’Strauss'S most extended attempt to construct aphilosophical argument of his own is “On Colling-wood’s Philosophy of History.”•City and Man. p 65.”‘On Collingwood’s Philsophy of History,” pp.576, 583.“Straussians always talk this way, of “the politi¬cal things,” “the human things.” “just things,”and the like. The practice may strike the uninitiat¬ed reader as an irritating coyness, but it is in factmodeled on a common idiom of ancient Greek.Since “the classical philosophers see the politicalthings with a freshness and directness which hasnever been equalled,” and since “they hardly usea single term which is not familiar in the marketplace" ( What is Political Philosophy? pp 27-28),we should make English speak ancient Greek.This is the Straussian “counterpoison” to the jar¬gon of modern social science, (cf. Liberalism, pp.5, 206-207, 217-218).continued on page 10CAREERSandPROFESSIONAL GRADUATE PROGRAMSinAn informal discussion withrepresentatives of both theJohn F. Kennedy School of GovernmentPublic Policy ProgramHARVARD UNIVERSITY&Woodrow Wilson Schoolof Public and International AffairsPRINCETON UNIVERSITYDate; Thursday, October toTime: 2-3 and 3-4 groupsPlace: Career and Placement ServicesAll years, all majors welcome.For additional information, please contactCareer and Placement Services, Reynolds Club 200■»4 - M- = = = 4T" j| 1 H =W==M=The Student Advisory Committee of the BiologicalSciences Collegiate Divisionwill have its first organizational meetingThursday, October 10 at 7:30 pmin the lobby of Regenstein LibraryIf you are interested, but unable to attend, pleaseleave your name, campus phone & address with theBSCD office in Harper.r it -it M. If Tt ** - f- •*]S0 INTER-VARSITYCHR|ST|AN fellowshipInvites You to the First MeetingFRIDAY, 7:30 P.M. IN IDA NOYESJoin us for fellowship, prayerand Biblical teaching(Prayer meeting will begin at 7PM on the second floor)Call Carol at 643-6836 for more information The Center for Middle Eastern StudiesThe University of Chicagopresentson illustrated lecture byMR. JERE BACHARACH(Professor of History, University of Washington andEditor, the MESA Bulletin)entitled"CITADELS AND GOVERNMENTAL COMPLEXES:LOCI OF MUSLIM RULE"Thursday, October t 0PICK 2184:00 p.m.815-758-4313Phones are answered: 7:30 am to 11:30 am and 1:30 pm to 11:30 pmEDwmsNATURAL PIZZAT A II R A N T‘CHICAGO'S MOST INNOVATIVE PIZZA.— CHICAGO MAGAZINEEDWARDO'SWEEK DAYANY ITEM ONLUNCHEON MENUeentfcn iftiStciiVCM INor UsFREE' 11 AM to 2 PM(Mon Fri)Also Featuring Fresh Salads, Pastaand Light SandwichesTo have your pizza ready for your dine-in pleasure, or forpick-up and delivery call ahead.241-79601321E. 57thSun-Thur 11 AM -12:30 AM • Fri-Sat 11 AM - 1:30 AM Just bring in any size Kodacolor film for quality developingand printing by Kodak. Order one set of prints at the regularprice, and you’ll get a second set free to share with friendsBut hurry! This offer runs (date) through (date).Find out how good your prints can be...Ask for quality processing by Kodak.I he University of Chicago BookstorePhotographic & Other Machine Department970 E 58th Si 2nd Floo,962*7558I.B.X. 5*4364The Chicago Maroon—Tuesday. October 8. 1985—9Strausscontinued from page eight ' "How To Begin To Study The Guide of the Per-lexed” — a very different interpretation of Mai-monides from that in Spinoza's Critique of Reli¬gion. chapter 6.' Natural Right, p. 120."Natural Right, chapter 5; Machiavelli. pp296-299; cf. Liberalism, pp. 19-23. 201. 225. 240;Richard Kennington. “Rene Descartes." in theStrauss-Cropsev History of Political Philosophy.pp. 395-414.' Machiavelli. p. 173.' Hence the plethora of references I have had tocite in order to present the story in its naked sim¬plicity.Allan Bloom, foreward to On Tyranny, p. v.'•On Tyranny, pp. 24-27; Persecution, pp. 29-30;What is Political Philosophy? p. 66 ff.; Liberali¬sm. pp 233-234.' For scathing judgments on parts of Strauss'swork that I have not had occasion to mention, ineach case by a scholar much respected in thefield, it is worth looking up Terence Irwin’s reviewof Xenophon 's Socrates (Cornell University Press.1972) in The Philosophical Review 83 (1974). pp409-413; Trevor Saunders's review of The Argu¬ment and the Action of Plato’s Laws (Universityof Chicago Press, 1975) in Political Theory 4(1976). pp 239-242; and the assessment of Straus-sian readings of Locke in John Dunn. The PoliticalThought of John Locke (Cambridge University-Press. 1969)-, chapter 12. The frustrations that out¬siders experience when they try to engage inscholarly discussion with initiates are well illus¬trated by J.G.A. Pocock’s attempt to debateStrauss's Machiavelli with Harvey Mansfield inPolitical Theory 3 (1975). pp. 372-405.■A small but revealing example; ‘‘Distrustful ofall conventions, however trivial, which are likelyto do harm to matters of importance. I went so faras to omit the angular brackets with which mod¬ern scholars are in the habit of adorning their cita¬tion of certain ancient writings" (On Tyranny, p.25>. What this means is that Strauss simply ref¬uses. without argument, to think it can be legiti¬mate to doubt the authenticity of some of theworks which have come down to us under thename of an ancient author (cf. City and Man. p55). The more important example, to which this isthe prelude, is his refusal (again, no weaker wordis adequate* to see the differences betweenPlato's and Xenophon's portrayal of the thought ofSocrates.'"Bloom. "Leo Strauss," p. 379.Dannhauser. pp 636-637.' Persecution. p.25.Spinoza 's Critique of Religion (Schocken. 1965)was first published in German in 1930. "On Tyranny, p. 48.- See the foreward by Joseph Cropsev. p vii."•Compare Machiavelli. pp. 48-53, “How To BeginTo Study The Guide of the Perplexed” in Liber¬alism. pp. 153, 158-159, 172-173.' Natural Right, pp. 26-28; Studies, pp. 30-33.148-149.•’In the rather less respectful account of Cohencontained in the preface which Strauss wrote forthe English translation of Spinoza’s Critique ofReligion and reprinted in Liberalism, chapter 9,Cohen earns bad marks for (a) criticizing Spino¬za, (b) liberal Judaism, (c) liberal politics.”Studies. p 30. The hapless Collingwood. by con¬trast. is dismembered with scorn and derision.Apparently it is unforgivable to have read Croceinstead of Nictzche (“On Collingwood s Philoso¬phy of History." pp. 562-563).“Bloom, foreward to On Tyranny, p. v.What is Political Philosophy? p. 154.And Strauss himself once believed him to be: ThePhilosophy of Hobbes: Its Basis and Its Genesis(first published 1936; reissued with a new preface.University of Chicago Press, 1952), pp. 147-148,161-164. This book, written and published in Eng¬land after Strauss left Germany and before he set¬tled in the US, is by common consent his most sen¬sible work. It is also very interesting, and makesuseful comparisons between ancient and modernpolitical thought.City and Man. p. 59.See Republic 480a, 489a-b, 499e-501e: not noticedby Strauss, nor by Allan Bloom in The Republic ofPlato. Translated with Xotes and an IntepretiveEssay (Basic Books, 1968). Bloom's Essay is alonger, more explicit, and therefore more vulner¬able statement of the Straussian reading of theRepublic than chapter 2 of The City and Man. towhich it stands (according to Bloom's acknowl¬edgement in Political Theory 5 (1977). p. 315) asthe lower and derivative to the higher.City and Man. p. 51. Initiates familiar withStrauss's habit of making English speak ancientGreek will not be astonished by this explanation ofirony, which repeats Aristotle's explanation of theGreek word eironeia. Liberalism Ancient andModern is founded on the same treatment of theword "liberal" (cf. pp. vii-viii. 28). Never mindthat both words have acquired different andricher meanings over time. Swayed by a sincerelonging for the past. Strauss would roll back histo¬ry in speech even if he cannot do it in deed.Professor Peter Hayeswill speak at theUniversity of Chicago Hillel HouseOn Friday, October 11,1985 8:30 P.M.The topic of Discussion will be:THE UNITED STATES AND THE JEWS OFEUROPE 1933-1945:US POLICIES REGARDING IMMIGRATIONAND THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS.Professor Hayes is fromNorthwestern UniversityDepartment of HistoryPowells Book store1501 E. 57tL Street955-77809 a.m. -11 p.m.7 days a weekNot just 200,000 scholarlyand academic books—butbookshelves too. We havea limited number of por¬table, stackable, hardwoodbookshelves for $39.50 ’See "How Farabi read Plato’s Laws. ” chapter 5of What is Political Philosophy? and Persecutionchapter 1.” What is Political Philosophy? p. 143.’City and Man. pp. 51-53; cf. On Tyranny, p. 26;Persecution p. 36; What is Political Philosophy?p. 222. _"City and Man, p. 124, referring to Republic 449bc,500d 4-5, 520ad, 521b 7, 539e 2-3.“Republic 920ae.•'City and Man. p. 127.•-’If Strauss’s interpretation were correct, the cri¬tique of Plato’s political proposals in Aristotle,Politics II 1-3, would be misconceived from startto finish. •’From dust jacket of Carnes Lord. Aristotle: thePolitics, translated and with an introduction,notes, and glossary (University of Chicago Press.1984). A pupil of Allan Bloom, Lord contributedthe translation of Xenophon printed by Strauss inXenophon's Socratic Discourse: An Interpretationof the Oeconomicus (Cornell University Press,1970)."Natural Right, p. 151; cf. Machiavelli. pp. 13-14.298-299; Liberalism, p. 223.•‘Natural Right, p. 150 n. 24: City and Man, p. 73.Strauss knew better in the Philosophy of Hobbes,pp 161-162.Reprinted with permission from The NewYork Review of Books. Copyright ©1985Nyrev, Inc.BLOOM COUNTYmve hbarp, or course,tmt ouvex mveu.JONeS IS PfXPtCTWbtmers comr uu you ysrme ne emu.. Jesr/ by Berke Breathed’actwooh urge meHAS SURFACBP AMONG THFlocal populace . therehas seen Noncep a HURKY.MTTHIS DOWN(aMANS&KSM/rre.quick:'ASIX MONTHS. THATSall he ahp this tumpme left. six roomsTO UVEA LIFETIME -AHP SO MUCH■ lefttopo'^ I MADAM . SURELY YOUMJLPH'T HPNE A POOR,YOUNb BOY FACE PERTHunmrFiRsr ^TASTMm smr, ™FOmPP&iFM/TOP A imAN'i , SMACK u-SftfCK'i *14CX/-: SMACK'f-SMACK' YOU CAN TftKZ M6NOW, COmSfiBY..my cur cmfljmwm'The UrbanPoverty Seminaraffiliated with the Center forUrban Research and Policy StudiesPresentsA Panel Discussion onCharles Murray’s Losing Ground:American Social Policy 1950-1980.Participants:Robert Aponte, Dept, of Sociology, Univ. of ChicagoFay Cook. Dept, of Educ. & Ctr. for Urban Affairs., Northwestern Univ.D. Garth Taylor, Dept, of Political Science, Univ. of ChicagoMark Testa, Social Service Admin. & NORC, Univ. of Chicago}Losing Ground contends that liberal social policies have fostered,rather than alleviated, such social ills as poverty, welfaredependency, crime and educational underachievement. One yearafter the publication of the controversial book, this panel will assessMurray’s arguments and their impact on the social policy debate.Thursday, October 10th at 7:30 pm,Ida Noyes Hall Library - 1st Floor1212 East 59th Street10—The Chicago Maroon—Tuesday, October 8, 1985SPACEAPARTMENTS AVAILABLEStudios, one, two & 3 bedrms some lake viewsnear 1C, CTA, & U of C shuttle, laundry,facilities, parking available, heat & water in¬cluded. 5% discounts for students. HerbertRealty 684-23339-4:30 Mon. Fri. 9-2 on Sat.GOVERNMENT HOMES from SI (U repair).Also delinquent tax property. Call 805-687 6000Ext. GH-4534 for information.Furnished room in 5-rm apt-elevator bldg. 1blk. from campus and 1C. Available Oct. 1. 2references necessary. Call 324 7104 before 8amor between 5 and 7.WANTED: 4 Students to share turn 4br twnhsenewly decor IV2 bath 52nd Blackstone S265/eautil incl sec reg call Gloria eves 747-1062.Female to share 3 bdrm apt w/same 48 Dor¬chester $200 per mo Elayne 536-6883 after 4pm.Large 2BR avail, now. Renovated, quiet bldg.52nd & Kimbark near shopping, UC bus.$525/mo with heat. 3rd floor. 684-5030 or 375-6635.7 Room apt 3 bedrooms 2 baths avail. Now $700Month Edwin Kay 288-8995.Great lake view in huge 1 bdrm apt. High viewof point and city heated outdoor swimmingpool. $666 incl. heat Call 955-5815evenings.Wanted-female roommate to share attractiveapt. on U of C campus. Rent $325/mo plusutilities. Call 219-322-6085 (evenings).PEOPLE WANTEDGOVERNMENT JOBS $16,040-559,230/yr. NowHiring. Call 805 687-6000 Ext. R 4534 for currentfederal list.Housekeeper Babysitter wanted; afternoons,near campus. Must speak english. 962-8211,955-1696.Supervise after-school child; On campus 4 aftsapprox 3-5:30; May share; Call 241-7545 after6pm; Competitive pay.NEED AFTER-SCHOOL CHILD CARE, lighthelp. Near I House. Mon-Fri: 2:15-5:30. Call947-8350after 5 PM.Physics tutor needed for high school junior,one hour per week. Prefer undergraduate col¬lege student who recently completed basicphysics. Call 684-1320.SERVICESJUDITH TYPES-and has a memory. Phone955-4417.UNIVERSITY TYPING SERVICEWordprocessing and EditingOne block from Regenstein LibraryJames Bone, 363-0522 LARRY'S MOVING & DELIVERY. Furnitureand boxes. Household moves. Cartons, tape,padding, dolly available. 743-1353.Childcare, -my-home, -exp, -mother, -refs, -warm/loving, -close-to-campus, -immed. -Da I ia 493-6220.WOOD WISE strips & refnshs furniture, wood¬work. Makes shelves, replaces windows. 363-4641.Phoenix School An excellent alternative educa¬tion for grades K-5 Located in Hyde Park nearU of C Now accepting applications 955-2775.Voice lessons by experienced voice teacher.For information call 363-6895.Hyde Park Movers household small apt's dis¬count prices to staff & students. Free packingcartons delvd n/c many other services 493-9122.FOR SALESPACIOUS DEARBORN PARK CONDOMINIUM FOR SALE: 3 b.r., 2 baths, 1450sq. ft. Midrise building, cheery southern ex¬posure overlooking pleasant green courtyard.Swimming pool, near loop. ALL appliances,built-in storage. For information call Ms.Carey Preston, Baird & Warner, 431-1855.VW 1973 super btl Iw mileage good bdy exmech cond in Hyde Pk $1100.00 922-3030 days667-6329 eves.Honda, Civic, 1977. Low mileage, New exhaustsystem; $1000, Call 324-0919 Wang.'79 MAZDA GLC stwgn exc cd CA car no rust$2650 753-0237.1978 VW Rabbit stick 69000 mi but doesn't burnoil good body too ask $1500 Bob 624 1892.1979 Volvo-244 DL-standard transmission ex¬cellent condition- 64,000 miles- $4500.00 or bestOffer. 948-7587.SCENESATTENTION STUDENT SPOUSES! All areinvited to a wine & cheese party at Ida Noyeson Thurs., Oct. 10 at 7pm. Come meet newfriends, share common interests and concerns,and find out more about scheduled activities:apple picking, holiday parties, exciting fieldtrips. Questions? Call Peggy Peach 947-8854.WANTEDGARAGE for 4 door in Hyde park area, or info,concerning one. Will pay finders fee. Call 9470747 x390 or leave message.GRADUATE WOMEN'STHERAPY GROUPOngoing women's therapy group, primarilygraduate students, has openings for newmembers. Screening interview required. MaryE. Hallowitz, MSW, CSW, ACSW. 947-0154.INTERNATIONALCOFFEE HOUSE.Mountain DulcimerInstrumentalistMark BiggsHosted by Ray GudewithRIPE FOR THE PICKINGOctober 11, Friday8 :30 RM.I House Cafeteria$2ComplimentaryRefreshments.1419 E. 59th St PERSONALSSTUDY THE BIBLE by radio. Listen to"GRACE TO YOU" with John MacArthur onWCFL 1000 AM 8:30 am & pm M-F. WMBI 1100AM 7:30 am M-F. WMBI 90.1 FM 10:30 am M-F.LOST & FOUNDFound: Red purse with blue trim at 56th andIngleside. Contains two keys and earring. Call684-8084 eves.THE BAGEL BRUNCHIS BACK!Hillel has a brunch every Sunday 11 to 1 pmlox, bagel, cream cheese plus the N. Y. Times,Tribune, coffee & Juice - all for $2 Firstbrunch, October 6.MAC DEVELOPER INTROIntroduction to Macintosh Software Develop¬ment will be presented October 11th from 9amto 12 in Harper 406. Anoy Brownell from Applewill conduct the seminar on Inside Mac andprogramming techniques.UNSURE ABOUTABORTIONDO YOU HAVE OPTIONS?Free pregnancy counseling with licensedclinical social workers. Free pregnancytesting also available. Call 561-5288.JAZZERCISE INTO FALLWarm-up, workout and dance your way intoFall with Jazzercise. Classes are being held inthe Garden Room of the First UnitarianChurch, 5650 Woodlawn. Classes are held at 6and 7:15 on Tuesday and Thursday evenings.Register any time. For more information call239-3798.THE ME DI Cl D E LIV ERSDaily from 4 p.m. call 667-7394.ARE YOU GAY?We can't make any decisions for you, but wewill share our feelings and concerns in a small,unpressured discussion. For newcomers Tues.8pm at 5615 Woodlawn.SECRETARYWANTEDMANUSCRIPT SECRETARY to edit, type,and do graphics for publications, plus cor¬respondence in a small office. Type 55+ wpmand ability to type Spanish or French accurate¬ly. Full time or part time. Excellent salary.Call Social Development Center, 947-2010.KUNDALIN1 YOGAEnergize your self! Open to greater awarenessjoy & calm. Discover new strength. Revitalizeyour life. Tues & Thurs, 5-6:30, Ida Noyes.MARRS MEETING GOOFThe first MARRS meeting will be TUESDAY, 8October; NOT Thursday, 10Oct: SORRY.STOP SWEATFOR 6 WEEKSDRIONIC — the heavysweater's answer to costlyand embarrassing under¬arm. hand or fool sweat.Short treatment with elec¬tronic Drionic keeps theseareas dry for 6 weekperiods. Recommended bydermatologists every¬where. Covered by manyinsurance companies.Send tor free information.Clinical studies availableto physicians. eGENERAL MEDICAL CO.Dept KCH 11935 Armacost AvenueLos Angeles. CA 90025 COMPUTER OPERATOR:PART-TIMETotally reliable entry level operator needed 5-7AM M-F, late night Sat. or early morning Sun.We provide all training; hands-on experiencewith a large system. Call 684 4300, ask for Ms.Spragle.TELEMARKETING,PART-TIMEReliable, highly-motivated person needed fortelemarketing to medical practices. Set apptmts for sales reps, some market research.Salary/commission. Call 684 4300, ask for Mr.Gustafson.HOUSE FOR SALE4 bedroom 4'/2 bath brick home large roomsideal for entertaining, wrought iron fence.Large corner lot, 4 blocks from yacht club walkto UofC 235,000 752-2387 Carl Brecht.EDWARDO'S FOR LUNCH10 min service in dining rm from quick-lunchmenu or it's FREE! Also fast courteous lunchdelivery. Edwardo's 1321 E 57th PH 241-7960.OUTING CLUBMeeting 7PM Thursday at Ida Noyes HallElections and planning for camping inMichigan this Saturday and Sunday.DO YOU KNOW WHAT'SGOINGON?Are you lonely or confused? Hotline listens andhas information and referrals. Call us. 753-1777, 7pm to 7am, 7 days a week.DO YOU WANT TOHELP PEOPLE?The Hotline is looking for volunteers to par¬ticipate in its Fall training. If you are sen¬sitive, open to your feelings, and committed tothe well-being of your fellow students and yourcommunity, we'll teach you the best way tohelp people. Call to arrange an interview todayand tomorrow only between 7 pm and 11 pm.753-1777.BOOKSHELVESCustom & standard. Call 363-4641.WOOD STRIPPINGFurniture & Woodwork REJUVENATED. 363-4641.LANGUAGE TABLESJoin us for dinner at the 1-House (1414 59th)and practice your native or second languageJapanese—Thursday at 6pm. French—Tues¬day at 6pm. Free coffee and tea.A CLASSIC RESIDENCEIN ACLASSIC LOCATIONFIFTY-TWO HUNDREDSOUTH BLACKSTONETHE BLACKWOODLuxury, high rise apartmentbuilding in the Hyde Park area nowoffering a limited selsction of oneand two bedroom apartments.Situated near the Illinois Central.University of Chicago, HarperCourt and only a short walk fromtiie lake, our apartments feature cen¬tral air conditioning, individuallycontrolled heat, ceramic tile, securi¬ty intercom, new appliances andwall to wall carpeting. Onebedrooms from only $475, twobedrooms from $575. Ask about ourstudent and faculty discount.684-8666✓ C.S.A.T(te College Student AweiMyAmouhcca Ua fiml meetingTtmday, Odohen 8tk9da Hage&, Room 217(amAA S.A.O.)Fuuwcfi CwHHtiltefc 6:30Gemai 7:30We witt didcu&b ca&ina night and....?(Qmtim? Contact Atikut Cfflhw the C.S.A.)MtaiHotM in the CMege MomhThe Chicago Maroon—Tuesday, October 8. 1985—11Irmim■TmiTinca————12—The Chicago Maroon—Tuesday, October 8. 1985 Word Processing 101.There is a grim reality of college life that youmay or may not he acquainted with.Typing. No. make that hours of typing. Preciselywhy you should consider a Macintosh™With programs like MacWrite™ and Microsoft"Word, you can compose, edit, move paragraphs, andchange type sizes and spies with one finger. Whichcan come in very handy. (Especially if that’s the\|i|'lc ((KiipiiitT.iik' tyi'lt tlv \pplc and MaiWntf .in' ir.kk.in.irk> nl .\npk‘ i.miipukf.IiwMien will i> a (vpMrtvd traik'inC l'ISi way you type.) And that's just one example of howMacintosh lielps students work smarter, quicker andmore creatively.The good news is, with Macintosh you donthave to know anything about computersto use one. The better news is. you don’thave to know anything about whiteout, eitlier.NU'intuJi i> a iraik-mark nl MilniitJi U'oratnn Im and i> Ivinc iixd will n> i-mw* |xmii»Hinark nl Mienixill ('.orporalmnFdil S<*a»ch Formal Font Styleletters Fo My Father.Open...CloseSaveSane 8s...Page Setup... finchQuitDear Dad...Things are going OK here.Could you possibly send moremoney?Yes. You have an Apple ComputerPurchase Program at The University ofChicago. For information, please contactthe Micro Distribution Center (MDC) oncampus.The MDC is located at 1307 E. 60th Streetin the basement of the Graduate StudentResidence Hall. (Use the first floor rearentrance.) MDC pricelists may be obtainedat the Central Users Site (Usite) in HarperLibrary at the Computation Center (1155E. 60th Street), or the MDC. Call 962-3452for further information.