:~rvrw~—-irz•;7%,.8t Medical Center celebrates50th anm versary this weekBy David SkeldingThe $22 million Surgery-BrainResearch Pavilion will bededicated today as part of a weekof special events commemoratingthe 50th anniversary of theUniversity Medical Center. Theanniversary marks the dedicationof Billings Hospital on November1,1927.The Pavilion is the most ex¬pensive component of the Cam¬paign for Chicago, the fundraisingdrive that raised much of theconstruction funds.Other events this week includeda day-long Medical Center openhouse yesterday with tours andspecial departmental exhibits.Also, seven honorary degreeswere awarded for distinguished achievement in medicineyesterday at a special convocationin Rockefeller Chapel. Followingthe service, recipients of theawards participated in an af¬ternoon symposium in QuantrellAuditorium on problems in modernmedicine.As part of the festivities, tonightthere will be a benefit concert ofthe Chicago Svmphony Orchestra.The anniversary of the MedicalCenter is being celebrated whilethe search for a new medicalschool dean continues. A sourceclose to the dean search said that achoice was to be announced by thisweek, but President John Wilsonsaid Wednesday that the search forthe dean had no time connectionwith the 50th anniversary. The dedication of the $22 million Surgery-Brain Research Pavilion today coincideswith the 50th anniversary of Billings Hospital, shown above in a 1930 photo.Vol.87, No. 23 The University of Chicago & 1977 The Chicago Maroon Tuesday, November 15,1977Field House hoopla draws1400 for beer and popcorn;January re-opening slatedByR. W. RohdeA brass band played “Wave theFlag” while a crowd of over 1,400celebrants filled new grandstandsand bleachers on the upper level ofthe Field House. Thursday af¬ternoon marked the firstdedication of a major athleticfacility at the University in 45yearsPresiding over the ceremonywas dean of students CharlesO’Connell, who called the FieldHouse, “one of the finest indoorathletic facilities in the nation. ”Board of Trustees ChairmanRobert Reneker, who followedO’Connell, thanked those peoplewho had made contributions orField House to 3 Mrs. Ann Wilson celebrating therededication of the Field HouseThursday. (Photo by John Wright) Major Teamsters strike avertedas University makes concessionsBy Eric Von der PortenA potential strike was avertedThursday when hospital and foodservice employees represented bythe International Brotherhood ofTeamsters Local 743 voted toaccept a University contract offerLast Tuesday, after nearly threemonths of negotiations, Teamsterand University negotiation teamsratified a contract proposalprepared by federal fact-finders.Thursday’s action affirmed thatagreement by a vote of 416 to 40At least two more weeks ofnegotiations lie ahead to completethe contract, but the most im¬portant problems have beenresolved.The new contract gives the unionmany of the concessions they hadbeen demanding. According to Teamster field representative RoyBlake, “The main thing peoplewanted was representation.” Thepoor record compiled by the for¬mer bargaining agent, theAmerican Federation of State,County, and Municipal Employees,in settling employee grievanceswas a major factor in the Marchelection that replaced AFSCMEwith the Teamsters.The Teamsters have reached anagreement with the University onnew grievance procedures that callfor binding arbitration as a lastresort In addition, the position ofchief steward has been eliminatedso that the first steward to beapproached with a complaint willfollow it through until it isresolvedThe wage agreement willprobably have the most immediate impact on union members.Teamster members were given a25-cent per-hour raise when theircontract expired in April, but thenew agreement calls for an ad¬ditional wage increase retroactiveto July 11, the date when theTeamsters were certified asbargaining agents by the NationalLabor Relations BoardIn what Blake calls an attempt to“eliminate inequities within thehospital,” the retroactive raisewill range between 10 and 80 centsper-hour for individual employeesSeveral job classifications havealso been upgraded to achieve thissame goal. In addition, allTeamster members will receive a25-cent per-hour raise on April 2,1978 and 30-cent per-hour raises inApril 1979 and April 1980.Strike to 3Guarded opinionsFaculty split on S. Africa issueBy Andrea HollidayAsked to comment on theUniversity’s investments incompanies doing business inSouth Africa, faculty memberswere loath to interfere with whatthe administration considersAnthropology professor RalphNicholas: “I expect that theTrustees will decide to changetheir policy.” a “Trustee responsibility”,although many called on theTrustees to consider with carethe implications of its investmentpolicy.Of the 22 professors questionedby The Maroon, most were eithercompletely unaware thatCollege dean Jonathan Z Smith:“I would like to know there werewrinkles on their brows.”(Photos by Philip Grew) University funds were invested inSouth Africa or, if they had heardof the issue, said they had notthought about it.One-third of them refused tocomment on the matter, whilethose who did comment weresplit, half in favor of finding asmuch information as possibleabout the investments, halfwishing the matter would bedroppedFaculty members were unitedin their desire not to disturb thefragile relationship betweenfaculty and Trustees Thoughthey disagreed about what theinvestment policy should be. allprudently avoided challengingthe Trustees’ authority to makethe policy decision“I’ve been impressed with thedegree to which the Trustees donot interfere with our academicaffairs.” said Norman Bradburn.chairman of the department ofbehavioral sciences “I cherishthe freedom that we faculty enjoyand I think we should respectReaction to 3 Economic climate promptsnationwide college drivesBy Abbe FletmanColleges around the country areplanning massive fund-raisingcampaigns, asking for recordamounts of money to cover risingmaintenance costs and to enliveninflation-ridden endowmentsNews analysisSeven have begun drives for morethan $200 million and 12 othershope to raise more than $100million, according to statisticscompiled by the AmericanAssociation of Fund-RaisingCouncil and reported in lastSunday’s New York Times Inrelation to these recent drives, thelargest previous campaigns in the1960’s raised less than $150 millionAn article in The Timesstated that most of the campaignsunderway have been successful,with the exception of YaleUniversity's. Yale, which wantedto raise $370 million by December,has been forced to extend theirdeadline one vear until December1978. But. by these criteria, theUniversity’s Campaign forChicago must also be consideredfoundering Announced in June1974 with a $280 million goal, theCampaign had only raised $160million by last SpringDevelopment director ClydeWatkins, vice-president foradademic resources ChaunceyHarris and President John Wilsonhave said on various occasionsthat the campaign has notproceeded as quickly as originallyanticipated because of the unstablestate of the economy If this iscorrect, there should be a noticableincrease in Campaign revenuesthis yearBecause the economic climatehas been changing for the better,more and more universities areentering the fund-raising arena Asurvey conducted by the FinancialAid Council last spring establishedthat 250 schools planned to initiatedrives during 1977 and 1978 totaling$3 billionFundraising to 3r- — ~ ” " 1MODELCAMERAFUJI DEMOFri. & Sot. 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Gilbert A Arthur Sullivan November 17* 18, 19, 25 & 26 at8:30 p.m. Reynolds Chib TheetreTickets on sale atReynolds Club Box Office^ Information: 753-3581General Admission: $3.00Students & Seniors: $2.002 - The Chicago Maroon - Tuesday, November 15,1977Reaction from 1the obligations that the Trustees have takenon”.Music professor Easley Blackwoodechoed Bradbum: ‘‘I’m happy that theacademic and financial sides of theUniversity are kept separate.”Blackwood and Bradburn did not favorforming a faculty committee to investigatethe social impact of the investments on theSouth African situation, as many otheruniversities have done. Other facultymembers who did not wish to see faculty getinvolved in the issue included anthropologyprofessor Ralph Nicholas, who neverthelessexpected the Trustees to change their mindsabout South Africa.‘‘Investment cannot be made purely onthe basis of economics,” he said. ‘‘We don’thave any money in Las Vegas, although thereturns are good — I expect that theUniversity will find a similar situation inSouth Africa.”Bert Cohler of the department ofbehavioral sciences was pessimistic aboutthe influence faculty and students couldhave on investment policy. ‘‘Students come,students go. Faculty come, faculty go, butno one will change the University. It willcontinue about its business as always, forbetter or for worse,” he said.Faculty members were not at all eager tobe led by other universities to decide howChicago should act on the issue. Askedwhether the university should imitateColumbia and establish a faculty in¬vestigative committee, economics professorGeorge Stigler retorted that ‘‘Columbia isno longer a leader of higher education.”Bradburn used Stanford and Princeton asexamples of schools where the faculty’sacademic freedom has been inhibited byTrustee interference, while Blackwoodcharacterized the reactions of easternschools a ‘‘public posturing.”Committee pros and consSeveral professors were satisfied with theTrustees’ position as it stands. ‘‘I doubtwhether it is the Trustees’ responsibility toreform political conditions abroad. I don’tthink that stockholders are responsible forinvestigating corporate activity,” said lawprofessor Philip Neal.Karl Weintraun, dean of the humanitiesdivision, and chemistry professor NormanNachtrieb agreed ‘‘Let’s leave the matterto the Investment Committee,” saidNachtrieb. ‘ Once you start involvingpolitical policy in investments, you’re introuble,” said Weintraub The professors who favored a fact-findingcommittee did not seem to think that theUniversity should necessarily divest itsstock in corporations active in South Africaor vote with shareholders to halt SouthAfrican investments by those companies.Stigler said he would like to see an in¬dependent student group investigate ‘ howAmerican investments foster or inhibit theimprovement of South African blacks’condition.”.Joseph Kitigawa and Martin Marty of theDivinity School said black South Africanleaders a couple of years ago urged them tohalt new investments because theystrengthened apartheid, but not to divest ofstanding financial commitments in SouthAfrica because that would cause unem¬ployments among blacks.Reacting to President Wilson’s commentlast week that “The University should not bean agent of political change,” Kitagawaexpressed a “firm conviction that theUniversity plays an important role in thesocial process, and cannot be indifferent tosocial conditions ” He added that he was“all for finding out the facts” about theUniversity’s South African holdingsStigler said that the University’s decisionon investment policy “can’t have muchinfluence...it’s a terribly inefficient means ifone is interested in social change. I think weshould take strong positions on these issues,not as institution but as individuals.”Stigler and English professor Gwin Kolbwere the only members of the Committee ofthe Council of the Faculty Senate who wouldtalk to The Maroon. Kolb said the Com¬mittee of the Council “should be prepared todiscuss the problem. ”Stigler, Marty, and economics professorD. Gale Johnson all emphasized that it is theindividuals within the University, not theUniversity as an institution, who should beagents of change“As an institution,’’ said Johnson, “weshould only act in our own interests.”Geography professor Norton Ginsburgfavored a faculty committee with a Boardrepresentative to investigate the issue“The stockholder has a responsibility tokeep informed,” he said. “The University isby definition an agent of social change — Ihope, of massive change. But you need tomake a distinction between the Universityas social activist, which is not its properrole, and the University as discoverer ofnew knowledge and creator of new un¬derstanding — that’s the way we effectsocial change. ”Dean of the College Jonathan Z. Smith and Kitigawa shared Ginsburg’s view of theUniversity’s social influence “I do notadvocate activism on the part of theUniversity — we’re not that good at it,” saidKitigawa.“The University is an agent of socialchange all the time, whether it likes it ornot,” said Smith, offering the University’sinfluence in shaping Hyde Park as anexample. “The question is whether it wantsto be deliberate about it or not Should wevote to agree to something we’re alreadydoing'’ To not admit to it? To deny it? Theproxy policy was arrived at some time agoany policy that old should be reviewed,”he saidSmith called on the Board to recognize thegravity of the issue, but did not urge them toimmediately decide one way or another “Iwould like to know that the people areconcerned with it are concerned aboutit...that there were wrinkles on their brows.That’s the most ethical thing I could askfor,” he saidFundraising from 1To date, the largest fund-raising successstory in Stanford University, which ex¬ceeded its five-year goal of $300 million by $4million. Stanford’s new goal is to raise $50million a year for the next five years The$50 million goal alone equals with Univer¬sity’s correct 15-month goal.Other major drives include the Universityof Southern California, which has raised$131 million of its total $265 million, and TheUniversity of Pennsylvania, which hasbrought in $124 million of its $255 milliongoal.Amone other highly competitive schools,Princeton University completed the largestcampaign in its history last September,raising $2 million over its $127 million goal.Harvard and Radcliffe are planning a jointcampaign to begin next year, with anunofficial goal of $200 million.Major campaigns around the country maybe just beginning. The 1977 and 1978 goalsrepresent a 29 percent rise over goals of theprevious two-year period and there is noreason to believe that the trend won’tcontinueHowever, according to the New YorkTimes, “private colleges will be facingincreasing competition for dollars fromfinancially distressed state and localcollege.” And. in particular, the Campaignfor Chicago, which solicits from top cor¬porations, may have increased competitionfrom the Ivies. Field House from 1devoted time toward the renovation.President John Wilson specificallythanked the Crown family and Jav Ber-wanger, chairman of the national com¬mittee, for their contributions toward the$2.2 million refurbishing. . *Wilson then made a short appeal for fundsto complete Phase Two of the Field Houserenovation as well as for the construction ofa natatorium linking the Field House toBartlett Gym. Wilson went on to talk aboutathletics and education, and how a com¬bination of the two could help create asymetrical and well-balanced life.A few students appeared skeptical aboutwhether the building would become abastion of varsity athletics. Director ofathletics Jeff Metcalf said in an interviewlast Wednesday that the Field House will notbe merely a varsity facility, but will begenerally open to all people with Universityathletic facilities passesStrike from 1Blake said that “with the inequity raisesand the raises in the second and third yearsof the contract, wages in the hospital will bebrought up to par with those around the cityand will in some cases by above otherhospitals.”The last major issue that remains to besettled concerns job descriptions, which theunion claims are too imprecise and have ledto unfair work assignments. This has been amajor point of contention, but the Univer¬sity has reportedly agreed to revise thecontroversial passages.Unless unforeseen problems arise in thefinal negotiations, a draft of the completecontract should be ready within a monthBoth sides seem satisfied that the contractis fair Union steward George Scott said.“There will be some complaints, of course,but this is the best contract we’ve everhad.” Glenn Richardson, the University’schief negotiator, added only that,“Everybody is happy there hasn't been awork stoppage.”Staff meetingThere will be a Maroon staff meetingtonight at 7 p m at the Maroon office Allstaff members are expected to attend.Refreshments will be servedThe University of Chicago Bookstore5750 Ellis Avenue General Books8-5pm Mon.-Fri. 9-5pm Sat.SPECIAL SALEDiscounts up to 60%. Sale begins today, endsSaturday, November 26. Both hardbound andpaperbound books. Come early for best selection.The Chicago Maroon Tuesday, November 15,1977 3A teacher who inspiresBy Claudia Magat“Why did you come to class today?”, JohnMacAloon, instructor in the College, asked astudent during a “Self, Culture and Society”discussion.“I had to,” replied the student. Using theresponse to describe Freud’s model of theconscience, MacAloon explained that thesuper ego is an internalization of societalnorms.It was 1:15, a typically lethargic hour forstudents, but MacAloon’s class was awakeand interested. “The amazing thing aboutMacAloon,” a student said later, “is that hedraws everyone out. The entire class par¬ticipates.”MacAloon, who is also a lecturer in theCommittee on Social Thought, has taughthere for four years. He graduated in 1969from Catholic' University in Washington,D.C., where he studied philosophy,literature, and sociological symbolism.MacAloon describes his undergraduateyears as “significant.”“My time was split between the anti-warmovement and a career as a middledistance runner, two very important thingsto me,” he said.MacAloon came to Chicago in 1969 tostudy anthropology with the University’sCommittee on Social Thought. Because hewas a conscientious objector to the VietnamWar, during these years MacAloon workedas an orderly and then an administrator inBillings Hospital. In 1972, he took over asection of the common core course, “Self,Culture and Society.” MacAloon alsoteaches a class in the Committee on SocialThought called “Play and Games.”Partly because he once aspired to be anOlympic runner, MacAloon specializes inthe study of “play” — sports festivals andrituals, and the Olympic games. He is alsoconcerned with “the way we use play’language as metaphors: game of life,’ ‘games people play,’ and gamesmanship.’“I’m trying to understand the Americancultural phenomenon of splitting the worldinto ‘play’ and ‘serious,’ ” he said.“Not only do we assign play’ qualities to‘serious’ things,” he added, “but we areconstantly differentiating between thetwo: ‘Are you serious or just playing gameswith me?”’MacAloon’s study of play and games hastaken him as far as Ancient Olympia inGreece. He is finishing a book on Olympicgames and plans to study an Indian culturein Mexico. MacAloon calls himself “a sort ofreverse anthropologist,” because he ismoving from study of his own culture tofield work in an “exotic society.” Mostanthropologists investigate other culturesbefore tackling their own.MacAllon enjoys teaching “Self, Cultureand Society,” and his classes sense this. “Ithink he genuinely likes teaching,” said onestudent, “he not only knows his material buthe ties it all together.” “Everyone likeshim,” said another student, “classdiscussions are interesting. ”“Self, Culture and Soceity” aims to teachhow social scientists ask questions, andwhat kinds of questions they ask, accordingto MacAloon.“My greatest commitment, however, is tohaving students learn how to read and write.It’s more important to me that they un¬derstand and are able to write about whatthey’ve read than for them to have com¬mand of a body of fact,” he said.MacAloon cited an important aspect of thestaff of the “Self, Culture and Society”sequence: “We are constantly debating theaims of the course as well as our personalsociological theories. It’s a lively, ongoinginterchange.”Because he was a college student in thelate 1960’s, MacAloon is especially intriguedby the differences between the un¬ dergraduates of the '60’s and ’70’s. “I amdisturbed by the ’70’s stereotype of thecollege student as grade-grubbing, acareerist, and a grind.”MacAloon, who has attended numerousconferences on education, said the ’70’simage of student-as-grind is considered bysome educators to be the unfortunate resultof student revolt in the last decade.“University professors who were upset andoutraged by the 1960’s find the con¬temporary undergraduate stereotypeevidence of what happens when students usethe university as a political tool.“Many people of my generation who werepolitically active are experiencing nostalgiafor the 1960’s. They look at themselves nowand wonder, ‘did I betray the ’60’s?”’, hesaid.“We were handed a mass movement,”MacAloon added, “Civil rights, women’sliberation, the Vietnam War. . .” Someundergraduates today might feel they“missed out” on the 1960’s, and bemoan theabsence of a 1970’s “cause,” but MacAloonbelieves some very exciting things are goingon. He cited the energy crisis, Carter’selection, and the less vocal but still activewomen’s and civil rights movements.Nothing has really died, he feels, it is more atime of examination and thought — which ispotentiallv creative.“Students at the University care verymuch about political and social problems,”MacAloon said. “They tend to be more in¬trospective than students at other univer¬sities, but that’s a matter of style,”MacAloon likes Chicago, tinamg n aprovocative city “because it’s a raw sort ofplace,” “But I wish there were something toclimb,” he added. MacAloon goes rock-climbing in Colorado when he’s on vacation,and ascended the Matterhorn during a visitto Switzerland last September. “Why did you come to class?”(Photo by Gwen Cates)Nov. 17-Dec. 4Special ValuesGals SALE!• Fashion Jeansin Denim & CordReg. $18-$23• Flannel L/S ShirtsReg. $14Guys• Gap Label CordsFlare & Boot Cut• Fashion JeansReg. $16 & Up $14.90$10.90$10.50$13.90Flannel & Western ShirtsReg. $14-$16 $10.90Check out our great Levi’s for LessMillbrook Shopping CenterNILESN. Broadway Ave. & BarryCHICAGOEvergreen PlazaEVERGREEN PARK2449 West Devon AvenueCHICAGOprices!HIE. Chicogo Ave.CHICAGO4046 N. Ccero Ave.SI20 N. Harlem Ave.HARWOOD HEIGHTS7040 Indianapolis Blvd •Eye Elaminations•Contact Lenses (Soft A Hard)•Prescriptions Filledt>R MORTON R. 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Ellis 753 3317Moiterchorqe & Visa Accepted ALL TOGETHERAt One LocationTO SAVE YOU MORE!SPECIALDISCOUNT PRICESfor all STUDENTS andFACULTY MEMBERSJust present your University ofChicago Identification Card.As Students or Faculty Membersof the University of Chicago youare entitled to special money sav¬ing Discounts on Volkswagen &Chevrolet Parts, Accessories andany new or used Volkswagen orChevrolet you buy from Volks¬wagen South Shore or MeritChevrolet Inc.SALES & SERVICEALL AT ONEGREAT LOCATIONCHEVROLETm VOLKSWAGENSOUTH SHORE7234 Stony IslandPhone: 684-0400Open DaRy •-• PMJ Sat. S-S PJM.Parts Opaw Saturday f 12 NsonTwo professors studying capital punishmentsay it is more a retribution than a deterrentBy Chris BrownEven if it were proven to be no more ef¬fective than long prison sentences indeterring others from committing murder,most Americans would still favor the deathpenalty. Their support rests on a “veryancient and deeply held belief that the deathpenalty is the ultimate deterrent,” ac¬cording to "Hans Zeisel, professor emeritusof law and sociology.in recent years, the number of Americanswanting the death penalty has steadilyrisen, according to a Harris Survey. Whilein 1965 47 percent of Americans favoredcapital punishment, the number rose to 59percent in 1973, and in February 1977, soonafter the Gilmore execution, a survey found69 percent in favor. During these years theviolent crime rate increased dramatically.But people may advocate capital punish¬ment not so much as a deterrent but as aretribution for their feelings of anger andhelplessness in the face of rising crime,according to statistics. The Harris Surveyfound a 46 to 40 percent majority in favor ofthe death penalty even if it were proven “nomore effective than long prison sentences inkeeping people from committ ing murder. ’’In the face of this trend, Zeisel trying toshow that the prospect of execution is not aneffective deterrent to potential murderers.In an article in the 1976 Supreme CourtReview, he examined the various researchattempts to find out if there was any clearadvantage in the deterrent effect of tfte death penalty over the threat of life inprison, and concluded: “If there is one, itcan only be minute, since not one of themany research approaches from the sim¬plest to the most sophisticated was able tofind it. The proper question, therefore, iswhether an effect that is at best so smallthat nobody has been able to detect it,justifies the awesome moral costs of thedeath penalty.”Zeisel contends that when a countryabolishes the death penalty, as most have,the deterrent effect is never a significantissue.“In some countries abolition becamesimply the logical endpoint of a gradualdecline in executions, probably ac¬companied by a parallel change in moralsentiments,” he said. “In other countries,abolition was clearly an expression of moralsentiments.”Zeisel said, it is also a moral issue in theU.S., and not simply a question of capitalpunishment value as a deterrent.He argued that people see the deathpenalty as the ultimate symbol of punishingcriminals but do not realize it is not the onlyway of removing murderers permanently.“We should kill less in America, and thestate should set the example,” Zeisel said.Maintaining that a change in popularsentiment concerning executions that couldinfluence the Supreme Court is not soon forthcoming. Zeisel fees the main con¬stitutional challenges to the death penaltywill be caused by the problem of itsequitable application.“There is no rational way of applying thedeath penalty,” said Zeisel. The biases inapplication become apparent when con¬sidering the vast number of death eligiblecases in the United States each year. Forsimilar crimes some are condemned to dieand others get a life sentence.The problem of equitable application ofthe death penalty recently led the SupremeCourt to declare the penalty un¬constitutional. In 1972, the “discretionary”death penalty — whereby death was one ofmany possible options left to judge and jury— was declared unconstitutional, “in partbecause it generated radically differentpunishments for similarly situated of¬fenders,” said Franklin Zimring, professorof law and director of the Center for Studiesin Criminal Justice.A look at those on death row shows adisproportionate number are black. Onejustice wrote: “When the punishment ofdeath is inflicted on a trivial number ofcases in which it is legally available, theconclusion is virtually inescapable that it isbeing inflicted arbitrarily. Indeed, itsmacks of little more than a lottery system.To circumvent the”“lottery system” ef¬fect, states began drafting legislationmaking death mandatory for certain of¬fenses. This was recently declared un¬constitutional because it only removed thediscretionary powers from the judge andjury and not from the prosecutor. It was feltthat the prosecutor’s power to determinewhich cases were to be tried as capital of¬fenses was arbitraryZimring recently studied how homicidewas punished in Philadelphia, wheremandatory minimum sentences for certaincrimes existed. He found that it was difficultto remove discretion from the application ofthe death penalty.Zimring also reported that whetherprosecutors tried a case under a chargecarrying a severe mandatory minimumsentence often depended on the race of thevictim. He concluded that “black defen-dents who kill white victims receive the lifeor death sentence more than twice as oftenas black felony suspects who kill blackvictims.” The discretion a prosecutorexercised was arbitrary and mandatorysentences for crimes separated “the polarextremes . in punishment policy even fur¬ther than would otherwise be the case ”“Social needs to condemn or deter wiiitulkilling call for more even distribution of Professor of law and sociology HansZeisel: “There is no rational way of ap¬plying the death penalty.” (Photo byJeanne Du fort)punishment before the state can claim themoral equivalent of a life for a life,” saidZimring.When asked about the future of the deathpenalty, Zimring made a distinction be¬tween the death penalty and actualexecutions.“The difference between having the deathpenalty and carrying out actual executionsis similar,” he said, “to having the atomicbomb and using it.”“People want the death penalty, but notexecutions,” Zimring continued. “They feeldeprived without the death penalty.” Hepredicted that current attitudes toward thedeath penalty mav change once states beginexecuting a significant number of convictedmurderersZimring calls capital punishment a“political game of chicken ” He feelslegislatures are afraid to go against thewishes of the electorate even thoughevidence exists that shows the threat ofdeath is an ineffective deterrent to mur¬derers.Both Zeisel and Zimring agree that ifcapital punishment is declared un¬constitutional in the next few years, it willbe becauce its application is inconsistent,not because of society's revulsion toexecution But. as Philip Kurland, WilliamR Kenan, professor of law and in theCollege said, until people stop thinking ofjustice in terms ot retribution, there willalways be the death penalty.”Law professor Franklin Zimring: ‘ Black defendants who kill white victimsreceive the life or death sentence more than twice as often as black felony suspectswho kill black victims. ” (Photo by Jeanne Dufort)Books Two American masters re-viewedBy Stan IvesterRichard H. Brodhead. Hawthorne, Melville,and the Novel. Chicago: Univ. of ChicagoPress, 1976. <204 pages, paper) $4.50.Hawthorne and Melville’s major phase.1850 to 1852, is the subject of this new bookby Richard H Brodhead, assistantprofessor of English at Yale. In this shortperiod, Hawthprne wrote The ScarletLetter. The House of the Seven Gables, andThe Blithedale Romance, while Melvilleproduced Moby Dick and Pierre; or. TheAmbiguities. Brodhead argues that the twonovelists work with the same literaryproblems, thereby creating artisticproducts that belong to the same genre orkindIn his opening chapter, Brodheaddevelops his theory that the two novelistsare grappling with a social or “novelistic”theory of fiction and a theory of fictionloosely defined by term “romance,” havinga more psychological than social set of rulesand tending at times toward supernaturalcausation The central artistic problem ofboth writers, then, is to reconcile or in¬ tegrate these distinct theories in their workBoth Hawthorne and Melville succeed indoing so in their major works, the former inThe Scarlet Letter and The House of theSeven Gables, the latter in Moby-Dick Thesynthesis breaks down, however, Brodheadargues, in succeeding works: Hawthorne'sBlithedale Romance and Melville’s PierreThe concluding chapter relates these worksto later forms of American fiction such asthe more purely social novels of WilliamDean Howells.Many readers will find Brodhead’s workuseful. Indeed, the back cover of thepaperback version boasts the high estimateof no less than the author of The AmericanAdam, R. W. B. Lewis. As l^ewis points out,the study “ranges far beyond its ostensiblesubject to provide insights into the generaldevelopment of fiction in this country .”Yet rarely, even in his occasional com¬parisons of the American writers withEuropean novelists, does Brodhead stepoutside the role of explicator. The greaterpart of the book - over two-thirds of its 204pages — is devoted to close readings of the novels. The argument thus reveals the stillwidespread assumption that the form of aliterary work can be understood primarilyby a close reading of the text True, he doestry to elucidate the works by means ofconceptions that he believes Haw thorne andMelville are actually using. This, of course,is certainly admirable; it places Brodheadwell outside the current trend of criticismthat believes such reading to be impossiblefrom the outset and the task of the historicalcritic to be ultimately futile.Still, it is misleading to assume that thedistinct forms of literary art are available toa critic primarily in “the text itself ” Theconceptions that differentiate works ofliterary art are those brought into play bythe artist himself in the act of compositionThere is no particular guarantee that theright conception will be present in the mindof the critic ready to be triggered by thetext.The conception out of which a work of arti»created resides not in “the text,” the finalproduct of art, scrutinized by means of whatever concepts the critic brings to iteven if the concepts happen to come fromthe author himself It resides, rather, only ina reading which considers "the text” as theproduct of a unique act of compositionWhile it can be argued on pragmaticgrounds that evidence concerning thecomposition of a work is often unavailable,it is hardly the case with Hawthorne HisAmerican Notebooks, which contain thesources for much of his fiction, have beenscrupulously edited Yet Brodhead usesthem for only one reference in his entirestudy.Again. Brodhead deserves to be read as arational literary critic, one. perhaps, of adwindling breed My only complaint abouthis work is that his scrutiny of the writers'art, if that is truly his concern, ought to bedirected toward understanding the novels asthe solutions of particular literaryproblems, rather than toward merelyelucidating the finished products of the artOnly then will the true similarities, and thetrue differences, between the arts ofHawthorne and Melville become evident.The Chicago Maroon - Tuesday, November 15,1977 5CalendarTuesdayDepartment of Economics: Workshop-UrbanEconomics, “Voter Reaction to City-CountyConsolidation Referenda," John Filer andLawrence Kenny, 1:30 pm, Social Sciences402; Workshop-Labor Economics, “SpecificHuman Capital and Labor Turnover,” DaleMortensen, 1:30 pm, Rosenwald 405;Workshop-Money and Banking, “An Ap¬plication of Non-Additive Preferences to aProblem in Money and Growth," 3:30 pm,Social Sciences 402.The Committee on Cognition and Com¬munication Colloquium Series: “SomeFeatures of An Enga Sign Language,” AdamKendon, The Australian National University,4 pm. Social Sciences 122.The Episcopal Church Council atChicago; Evensong, 4:30 pm. Bond Chapel.The Committee on Medieval Studies PublicLecture: “The Fourth Crusade Recon¬sidered," 4:00 pm, Regenstein Library, roomA-ll.Student Government: meeting, 7:30 pm, IdaNoyes Library.UC Science Fiction Club: meeting, 8 pm, IdaNoyes Hall.Southside Creative Writers’ Work¬shop; meeting, 8 pm, 5744 S. Harper <P.Long.l.International House Folkdancing: teachingand refreshments, 7:30 pm, I-House.ArtsRockefeller Chapel: Organ recital-lecture byEdward Mondello, 12:15; Organ Recital,McNeil Robinson, program of Bach, Liszt,Franck, Dupre and improvisation on themesby Easley Blackwood, 8 pm, RockefellerChapel.DOC Films: “The Ransom of Red Chief,"7:30 pm; “I Was A Male War Bride,” 8:15 pm.Cobb Hall.WednesdayDepartment of Economics: Faculty Lun¬cheon, 12 pm. International House; Seminar-Applied Price Theory, “Wage Dispersion andSearch Costs,” R. Alan Wiley, SocialSciences 402, 1:30 pm; Meeting-EconomicsConcentrators and Those Considering aConcentration in Economics, 4:00 pm, SocialSciences 122.Hillel: Hug Ivrit - Informal Hebrew lunchspeaking group, 12 noon, Hillel.FOTA: Poetry Committee lunch meeting,12:30 pm, Blue Gargoyle.Crossroads: English class for foreign women,2 pm, 5621 S. Blackstone.History and Philosophy of Science: Student-faculty lunch and discussion group, 12:30,Classics 21, all interested welcome.Christian Science Organization: meeting,12:15, Harper East Tower, rm 584.Resource Analysis of the Committee onPublic Policy Studies: “Energy Con¬servation Standards for New Buildings:Prospects. Problems, and Alternatives,”Charles Lenth, 1:30 pm, 301 Wieboldt Hall.Committee on Genetics Postdoctoral Programin Human and Biochemical Genetics and Department of Biochemistry Seminary: “TheReplication of Bacteriophage T7 DNA inVitro,” Richard Kollonder, Dept, ofBiological Chemistry, Harvard MedicalSchool, 4 pm, Cummings 101.University Duplicate Bridge: 7 pm, IdaNoyes Hall, new new players welcome.Astronomy Club: meeting, 7 pm, observatoryoffice, 5th floor Ryerson. An observingsession with the telescope is planned. Newmembers welcome.Chicago Committee for Human Rights inArgentina: meeting, 7:30 pm, InternationalHouse, second floor, former politicalprisoners will be speaking.Moody Lecture Committee and The Com¬mittee on Slavic Area Studies: A Reading byAndrei Vozenesensky, 8 pm. Breasted Hall.Country Dancers: meeting and dancing, 8pm, Ida Noyes Hall.Overeaters Anonymous: meeting, 7:30 pm,Calvert House.UC Tai Chi Ch’uan: meeting & classes, 7:30pm. Blue Gargoyle.UC Christian Fellowship: “What God HasBeen Teaching Me in Indo-China, 7:30 pm,Ida Noyes.ArtsRockefeller Chapel: Carillon Recital byRobert Lodine, University Carillonneur,12:15 pm. Rockefeller Chapel.DOC Films: “Horizons West,” 7:30 pm;“Buchanan Rides Alone,” 9:00 pm, CobbHall.ThursdayCommittee on DevelopmentalBiology: “Embryology and Behavior,” Dr.Anthony Robertson, 11 am, F.M.1.1-105.Change Ringing: 12-1, location announced atSat and Monday meetings.Committee on Genetics Colloquium: Speaker- Michael Baird, 12 noon, Zoology 29.Department of Economics: Workshop“Growth of Government,” Sam Peltzman,1:30 pm, Law, C; Workshop/Thesis Seminar,“Rural Farm Family Schooling Decisions,”Richard Barichello, Social Sciences, 106, 3:30pm; Public Lecture-“An Economic Theory ofVoter Turnout,” Jon Filer, Social Sciences107, 4 pm.Episcopal Church Council at Chi¬cago: Eucharist, 12 noon, Bond Chapel.Hillel: Faculty Lunch - Prof. James Colemanspeaking on “Issues in School De¬segregation, Hillel, 12 noon.Committee on Western EuropeanStudies: “Urban Politics and Crisis inWestern Europe,”University Feminist Organization: Lecture-On Women Novelists by Elizabeth Abel, 12noon. Women’s Center, Blue Gargoyle.Women’s Union: meeting, 7:30 pm. Women’sUnion office, Ida Noyes Hall (above Frog &Peach).South Asia Seminar: “Shell Inscriptions:Report on an Undeciphered Indian Script,” 4pm, Foster Lounge.Ki-Aikido Club: meeting, 6 pm, Bartlett GymWrestling mats.Judo Club: work out, 6 pm, Bartlett Gym.Students in the College are Invited ToThe School of Social Service AdministrationProfessional Option ReceptionWEDNESDAY, NOV. 16 4-6 P.M. HARPER 284The professional option program provides opportunityfor qualified students to begin professional study at SSAduring their final year in the College. The work completedduring this common year counts toward the master’sdegree and the bachelor’s degree as well. During theSocial Hour on November 16, SSA faculty will discuss pro¬grams of study at the School. Table Tennis Club: meeting, 7:30 pm, IdaNoyes.Debating Club: meeting, 8 pm, East loungeIda Noyes Hall.ArtsMeet the Author: Public interview of DanielSchorr, former CBS newsman and author ofClearing the Air, 5:30 pm, One Illinois Center(111 E. Wacker Drive).Doo-right Productions: “Blazing Saddles,”6:30, 8:30 and 10:30 pm, Kent Hall.Court Studio Theatre: Gilbert & Sullivan’s“Sorcerer," 8:30 pm, Reynolds Club Theatre.Winter Court Theatre: “Butley,” 8:30 pm,New Theatre-Reynolds Club.DOC Film: “Dishonored," 7:15 & 9:15, CobbHall. Organ recitalMcNeil Robinson, organist and choir¬master of the Church of St. Mary the Virginin New York City, will give an organ recitalat 8 pm. Tuesday, November 15, inRockefeller Memorial Chapel.Robinson will play works by J. S. Bach,Franz Liszt, Cesar Franck, Marcel Dupreand an improvisation on themes by EasleyBlackwood, professor of music and theCollege.Admission is without ticket and withoutcharge.Comedy tonightThe Blackfriars, the student musical comedy group, will present A Funny ThingHappened on the Way to the Forum this weekend in the Cloisters Club in IdaNoyes.A Funny Thing ... features the music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim The bookwas written by Burt Shevelove and Larry Gelbart. The Blackfriars’ production isdirected by Ronald FalzoneShows are Friday at 8 pm, Saturday at 2:30 pm and 7 pm, and Sunday at 7 pm.Admission is $2. with a student ID and $3. general. Tickets can be purchased at theMandel Hall box office.Campus filmAdmission to the Tuesday and WednesdayDoc films is $1.00. To the Thursday Doc film,admission is $1.50. Admission to DudleyDoo-right Productions presentation is $75for the two shorts and an additional $.75for the feature. Admission to just BlazingSaddles is $2.00 (It doesn’t take aneconomics major to see there’s a largermarginal return on seeing the shorts and thefeature). Doc films will be shown in CobbHail. The Dudley Doo-right films will bepresented in Kent 107.The Ransom of Red Chief (1952), directedby Howard Hawks. (Doc) Tw’o petty thiefsKidnap an extremely bratty kia. The punkdrive the hoodlums crazy with his constantgames and questions. The parents appear tobe much happier without him. Finally, themen pay the parents to take the youngscoundrel back. Based on an O. Henry story.Tuesday at 7:30.I was a Male War Bride (1949), directedby Howard Hawks. (Doc) Cary Grant is athoroughly charming (naturally) Frencharmy captain. He marries, for some god¬forsaken reason, the most unattractive AnnSheridan who is a WAC. Grant must copewith being the only male foreign spousereturning to the states after the war. Hemust sleep without a bed, travel without amotorized vehicle and dress without pants.Recommended. Tuesday at 8:15Horizons West (1952), directed by BuddBoetticher. (Doc) Two Texan brothersstand divided by the line of the law. RobertRyan organizes a gang or renagadeveterans and builds himself an empire. Asthe law-abiding brother, Rock Hudson hasless fun in this post-Civil War Horse Opera.Julia Adams plays an elegant widow who spurs bad brother Ryan on to furtherruthlessness and mayhem With RaymondBurr and Jim Amess.Buchanan Rides Alone < 1958), directed byBudd Boetticher. < Doc) Ex-bullfighter BuddBoetticher examined the mythic figure ofthe lone combatant facing the UltimateShowdown in a cycle of films made between1956 and 1960, starring Randolph Scott. Inthis film, Scott risks all defending aMexican outcast. Wednesday at 9:00Blazing Saddles (1974), directed by MelBrooks. (Dudley Doo-right) Mel Brooksreally lost it after The Producers and GetSmart but this is about as close as he’s comesince then at being funny. A Black Sheriff,equipped with Gucci saddle bags, comes to abigoted western town. That’s about it forplot. Starring Clevon Little, Madeline Kahn,Gene Wilder, Brooks and Count Basieand his orchestra. With a Betty Boop short,“Whoops I’m a Cowboy,” and “Mr. MagooGoes West.” Thursday at 6:30, 8:30 and10:30.Dishonored (1931), directed by JosephVon Sternberg. (Doc) Marlene Dietrichstars as the cunning, stunning X27 in thisoutrageously lavish film. The chief AustrianSecret Service picks Dietrich, a woman ofeasy virture form the school of HardKnocks, as his Mata Hari. Her firstassignment is to ascertain whether aGeneral von Hindau is selling militarysecrets to the Russians. Later she keepscompany with the undaunted ColonelKranau of the Russian Secret Service, whowhile he is true to his country, lets X27 knowthat he admires her. With Warner “CharlieChan” Oland and Victor McLaglen.Recommended, Thursday at 7:15 and 9:15.ECONOMICS CONCENTRATORSandTHOSE CONSIDERING ACONCENTRATION IN ECONOMICSare invited to attend a meeting with Edward Lazear,Undergraduate Director for Economics.Wednesday, 16 November 19774:00 - 5:00 p.m. SSI 226 The Chicago AAaroon Tuesday, November 15,19771CLASSIFIED ADSSPACEHyde Pk nr UC 1 rm apts well keptbldg adults near 1C bus prk lakereasonable. BU 8-0718.Roommate needed to share 4 bdrm.apt. $75/mo. 493 7804.Any UC Student, not on Univ housing,interested in moving in BroadviewHall or any other Univ housing for theWinter and Spring quarters, pleasecontact Rodney (643 4259) or Alla(493-2174) from 6-11 p.m. We will offeryou a better deal.5 rm. remodeled apt. near WrigleyField. Bright, comfortable, spacious.Avail. Dec. 1. $250/mo. Call Beth 3 4884days 327-5306 eves.Spacious studio apts lakefront bldg. -short, long term rentals - turn, or unfur. - rest, keli- pool bdrm. apt. alsoavail. 752 38004 BEDROOMS basic turn. 5508 Cornell3bathS400 Wilson Hill.PEOPLE WANTEDExperienced typist for real estate office. Must have good general officeskills. Excellent salary and benefits.Call Mrs. Goldsborough, 493 3754.Addressers Wanted Immediately!Work at home -no experiencenecessary-excellent pay WriteAmerican Service, 8350 Park LaneSuite 269, Dallas, TX 75231. SKILLED SEAMSTRESS needs extramoney, what do YOU need? I doalmost anything: hemming, mending,alterations, and production of camping gear clothes and toys. Janet643 9158.U of C faculty member's wife wishes tobabysit on regular basis at their apt.Mon-Fri 324-3219.ARTWORK - Illustration of all kinds,lettering, hand-addressing for invitations, etc. Noel Price. 493-2399.RESEARCHERS - Free lance artistspecializes in just the type of graphicwork you need. Noel Price. 493 2399,For Experienced Piano Teacher of allLevels Call 947 9746.TYPING SERVICE/HYDEPARK/538 6066 after 5p.m. "EXECUTIVE & PROFESSIONAL"LOANS BY MAIL. *5000 to 35,000signature only. No advance fees ac¬cepted. M.D.'s, Dentists, ResidentsSenior Medical Students, College &University Educators, Federal, State8i Municipal Employees, GS-12 orhigher. Corporate Employees making$20,000 or higher. Send brief resume toChatham Financial ConsultantsDepartment UCM PL Box 21406Chicago, IL. 60621.Student Government Meeting:Tuesday, November 15, 1977 at 7:30p.m. in Ida Noyes Hall first floor.Tim Rundle. How's the private eyebusiness been lately? SCENESCHICAGO FRONT: Music - LeRoyJenkins, solo violinist, Nov. 18, 8 p.m.Ida Noyes Hall.The University Symphony Orchestrawill present its first concert of theseason on Saturday, Nov. 19, at 8:30p.m. in' Mandel Hall. Under thedirection of Conductor BarbaraShubert, the orchestra will performworks by Mendelssohn, Vaugham -Williams, and Rachmaninoff. Admission is without ticket and withoutcharge. BESLER COLORPRINTING DEMOFri & Sat Nov. 18th 8. 19th. Color prin¬ting is easier than you think! Let usprove it to you!1342 E. 55th 493-6700MODEL CAMERA WOMEN'S UNIONWomen's Union will hold a meetingthis Thursday at7:30p.m. in our officeup the back staircase of Ida Noyesabove the Frog and the Peach Pleaseattend.FOR SALESecretary needed in a researchlaboratory. 15 hrs/wk. Time flexible.Typing, ordering laboratory suppliesand budget supervision. Please call753-2702 for interview.Help wanted-TV attendant, part time.Hospital in area Excellent pay. Gradstudent preferred No TV knowledgenecessary. Contact Mr. Eastmen.676-2226.Subjects wanted for neurophyslogicalstudy, pay *7.50/hr. For further par¬ticulars, call Dr. Crayton, 947-6415.Dental Assistant Part time - hrs. 2 to 6ex Wed Sat am optional. Lt typing willtrain right person Location HydePark Bank Bldg. Call 643-9607.Subjects wanted for PsycholinguisticsExperiments. Will be paid. To registercall 753-4718.PEOPLE FOR SALEFRENCH Native coll tchr offers tutoring all levels exp. with lang reqs.class for kids being organized Ph.324 8054 Will pay $30 to anyone who will takeover my univ housing contract phone324 5217.QUALITY XEROX COPIES, 8c each1st Unit Ch 5650 Woodlawn. Hrs.9-5,7-10 daily.CHICAGO'S FRIENDLIEST STOREChicago's best prices. Check theseprices.NIKON OUR PRICESF2A Photomic Body only $435.00w/50mmf2.0al 510.00w/50mm fl.4 Al 579.00F2AS Photmic Body only 540 00w/50mm f2.0Al 616.00w/50mm fl.4 Al 685.00Nikon EL2 Body only 340.95w/50mm f2.0 A1 410.95w/50mmfl.4Al 485 95Nikon FM Body only 299 00w/50mmf2.0A1 324.00w/50mmf1.4Al 349.00Nikkormat FT-3 Body only 153.00w/50mmf2.0Al 223.95w/50mm fl.4 Al 292 9524mm f2.8 210.0028mm f2.8 234.0028mm f3.5 180.0035mm f2.8 147.00105mm f2.5 211.95135mm f2.8 230.00135mm 3.5 167.00200mm f4.0 232.0043-86 mm f3.5 Zoom 218 0080 200mm f4.5 Zoom w/case 496.00MODEL CAMERA1342 E. 55th St. 493 6700PERSONALSDATING SERVICE over 1200members. Ladies join free Inexpensive. 274-6940Writers' WorkshopPL-2-8377 NONEGATIVE?ASK USFORCOPYPRINTSBY KODAK• Made right from yourfavorite color prints• Order as many duplicatesas you wish• Ask about KODAKColor Copy Enlargements tooUniversity of ChicagoBookstore-Photo Department5750 S. Ellis 753-3317Mastercharge & Visa Accepted (DEAL CONTRACTS AVAILABLEFor Winter and Spring Qtrs.Alpha Delta Phi5747 University Ave.$27/qtr. 10meals/wk.Contact Amy Mashberg753-3257ttturcmj, Xcrtmhir 137 030 tX.V'\ Stands i Mau., Ikurtrsity cf Ciuceyo* s^dmission Tree*IMPORTANT MEETINGforStudents in the Collegeinterested inGraduate Work in Education(Educational Psychology, Measurementand Evaluation, Education and the SocialOrder, Higher Education, Curriculum)Elementary School TeachingHigh School TeachingThursday, November 17 7:30-9PMJudd Hall Commons RoomFirst Floor5835 S. Kimbark CLOISTER CLUB • IDA NOYES HALLNOV. 18,8 pm • NOV. 19,2:30 pm 8r 7 pmGeneral Admission $3 • with ID $2aBanaaaaanaaaaaaaaaaBaaaiThe Chicago Maroon - Tuesday, November 15,1977 - 7Maroon Tuesday, November IS, 1977rr .111, --- We have a full line of holiday poultryUSDA ChoiceRib Steaks...US Number One FancySweet Potatoes- 7- 7S-*hv’.- ■:THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO iThe William Vaughn Moody Lecture CommitteeandThe Committee on Slavic Area Studiespresent/5 its.by -ANDREI VOZNESENSKYWEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 197;8:00 p.m.BREASTED HALL1155 E. 58th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637 TenderBeef Liver.Country DelightPhiladelphiaCream Cheese....Ground Round....College InnChicken BrothCorn, Peas or Green Beans , • . , 4 cans 46 02./16 oz.Admission is 'without ticket and without charge 1226 E.(KIMBARK PLAZA)HOURS: MON. - SAT. 8:30 A.M.7:50 P.M.SUN. 9-4:50