Urban renewel, zoningthreaten townhouse planby Joe LubenowThe status of the Student Government calling upon theUniversity to purchase Hyde Park townhouses for use asstudent housing was thrown into doubt Thursday by WalterLeen of the University office of legal counsel.Student Government President Vol. 74-No. 31 The University of Chicago Friday, January 28, 1966Bernie Grofman learned Tuesdaythat most Hyde Park townhousesare built on land sold to individualcontractors by the city departmentof urban renewal.THE CONTRACTS under whichsuch land is sold require that nomore than one family be permittedto occupy each unit. It would thus Vote new Kenwood schoolby Bob HertzAfter many months of controversy, the Chicago board of education voted Wednesday toproject is inside a four-square- School board rejects Unity planblock island which is classified R-3for zoning purposes.THE R-3 classification meansthat the townhouses cannot be usedfor “lodging houses or touristhomes.” This evidently means thatgroups of students cannot legallybe iiiegal for the University to rent oc.cu,Jy any "f ,1‘heIIG.ordo” units . . . -such townhouses to groups of stu- taem”01 he Umverslty pur’ build a new high school in the Hyde Park-Kenwood aread'Serh0TtsdayrChDav?demRosen. ' Although” Leen conceded that , APProved at a general committee meeting by a 6-2 vote with one abstention, the plan callsberg, chairman of thhe sg consul- much of Hyde Park is classified R- for the building of a new school for 2,500 pupils in the vicinity of 50 st. and Lake Park. Thetant board on student housing and 4 or lower and therefore could con- present Hyde Park High School,facilities, learned that there are *ain rooming houses, fraternities, 6220 Stony Island, will be rehabili-several townhouse projects in Hyde or apartments in which several tated for about 3,000 pupils.Park that are not part of the urban students lived together, he suggest- THE FINAL motion of boardrenewal program. ed that it was not difficult for member Cyrus H. Adams IIIRosenberg immediately began members of the community who do called in addition for “clustering”calling local contractors in an ef- no* to live next to groups of of pupils between the two schools;fort to determine how many such students to have the zoning classi- j e., allowing them to transfer backunits might be available to the fication of residential area upgrad- and forth for different classes.University. He discovered a set of e(l to R-3. The new plan was immediatelyeight units on 52 st. and University Rosenberg feels that it is still challenged by the Unity organiza-ave. built by contractor Arthur possible that townhouses can be tion, which has favored the build-found that were not built as part of ing of an “educational park” onthe urban renewal program and the site of the present school,are located in areas which retain According to George Benston,an R4 zoning classification. professor in the UC businessHE POINTED out that it is pos- school and a leader of the Unitysible to erect townhouses “starting group, the Unity organization isposed to three. Included are the from scratch” in six months once consulting with the federal investi-slandard attractions—wood-burning the land is acquired. This contrasts gators of the Chicago schools, andfireplace, air conditioning, multiple favorably with the time required to will soon file an official complaint.construct high-rise dormitory hoqs- "AS WELL," Benston added,ing. “we will file a lawsuit against theGrofman intends to suggest that board under Title II of the Civilthe administration purchase the Rights act and under Illinois’ Arm-townhouses that are built under the strong act, which forbids drawinghalf the unit price per student pro- urban renewal program in order to of segregational school bound-jected for the second Pierce Tow- rent them to faculty members, aries.”er. This would directly ease the short- Adams’ proposal was endorsedWhen the Maroon contacted Leen age of faculty housing and indi- by the Murray commmittee of theGordon and selling for $35,600 and$36,500.THIS IS $4,000 higher than theprice of the townhouses consideredearlier by SG, but each unit in thisgroup has four bedrooms as op-baths, and furnished basement.On the assumption that eachhouse could comfortably house fivestudents, the unit price per studentamounts to $7300, which is about Julian Levi, executive director ofthe Southeast Chicago Commis- man Leon Despres, the decisionwas politically dictated by MayorDaley. “I regret that we cannotshare in an educational park,which may be a great new devel¬opment in urban education,” Des¬pres said.“It’s too bad that decisions forthe whole city can’t be made bet¬ter, and I am sure that the peopleof Woodlawn will understand thatAdams, Mrs. Lydon Wilde, Mr.Willis, and Daley made the deci¬sion together.”JULIAN LEVI, executive direc¬tor of the Southeast Chicago Com¬mission, also expressed disappoint¬ment in the board’s decision. “Thenew action creates more problemsthan it answers,” stated Levi.“It was in accord with neithercommission’s proposals, norsion, says the school board's de- those of the Hyde Park council ofcision "creates more problems churches and synagouges,” hethan it answers." said.“The conscience of the communi-to determine whether it was indeed rectly ease the shortage of student board in a meeting Wednesday bad because it was so short,” Cle- ty speaks through the church-syna-« • . < _ . «— . • . . . . .... . .. . ... . . . . . < a . . rtn nrfn /tAiin/iil 11 T nvi rtrmtiMiiA/Jfeasible for the University to pur- housing by permitting some faculty that lasted ten minutes, according ment added, “but the fact remainschase the Gordon townhouses, members to vacate apartments to board member James Clement, that it was only ten minutes long.”Leen pointed out that the Gordon which students could then rent. “I’m not saying the meeting was According to fifth wardGuests, faculty to lecture at liberal arts conferenceSpeakers drawn from many fields gouge council,” Levi continued,“and it appeared that a reasonablealder- discussion was going on. However,this action will have no affect onour plans for a new University ex¬perimental school near the presentschool site.”VOTING AGAINST the planwere board members Clement andWarren Bacon, and abstaining wasBernard S. Freidman.NORTHROP FRYE, Principal ofVictoria College, Toronto, Ontario,Canada, has been a Fellow of theRoyal Society of Canada since1951, and in 1958 received the Roy¬al Society’s Lome Pierce Medalfor distinguished contributions toCanadian literature. He is a member of the EnglishInstitute, of which he was chair¬man in 1953, and was a member ofthe executive council of the Mod¬ern Languages Association ofAmerica from 1958 to 1962, afterwhich he became chairman of itsnominating committee. From 1948to 1952 he was editor of the Cana¬dian Forum.From 1960 to 1964 he was amember of the board of governorsof the Ontario Curriculum Insti¬tute, and of its executive commit¬tee.His major publications are:Fearful Symmetry, a study of Wil¬liam Blake, 1947; Anatomy of Crit¬icism, 1957; The Well-Tempei$dCritic, 1963; The Educated Imag¬ination, 1963: T. S. Eliot, 1963; Fa¬bles of Identity, 1963; A NaturalPerspective, 1965; The Return ofEden, 1965.Frye will speak on “The Instru¬ments of Mental Production,”Tuesday, February 1, at 1:30 pm,in Breasted Hall. SF. CHAMPION WARD was ap¬pointed deputy vice president forinternational programs of the FordFoundation in March, 1963. Pre¬viously he had been director of theFoundation’s Middle East and Afri¬ ca overseas development programsince 1958.While on leave from the Univer¬sity of Chicago, he served theFoundation as educational consult¬ant in India from February, 1951,through August, 1956, and again asan educational consultant in Indiafrom June 1957 until October 1958.Ward was associated with theUniversity of Chicago from 1945-1958. He joined the staff of the Col¬lege in 1945 as an assistant profes¬sor of philosophy; became asso¬ciate professor in 1947, and fullprofessor in 1950.He was appointed associate deanof the College in 1946, and servedas dean from 1947 to 1954. In 1955,he was named William RaineyHarper professor of humanities.Ward will speak on “ReturningCoals to Newcastle,” on Monday,January 31, at 4 pm, in BreastedHall.(Continued on page three) Clement, a supporter of the edu¬cational park, stated, “I still be¬lieve that my compromise proposalwould provide better education,and more viable integration. I dohope, though, that all will workwith the new plan and the boardwill make both schools good insti¬tutions.”According to Benston, theboard's action was detrimental tothe University, since “Woodlawn ishurt and will be resentful. The newschool will not draw as manywhites as they expect, and neitherschool will have really ‘viable’ in¬tegration.”Under the Unity plan the presentschool would have been expandedwith the addition of two new class¬room wings and remodelling of thepresent building into two otherwings. This would have enabledthe larger school to be subdividedinto four “houses” of 1200-1500 stu¬dents each. The houses wouldshare common, specialized facili¬ties.Lectures, seminars scheduled for the liberal arts conferenceSUNDAY, JANUARY 3011 am8 pmMONDAY, JANUARY 314 pm7:30 pmTUESDAY, FEBRUARY 19 am10:45 am Pre-Conference Activities.University Religious Service: Rockefeller MemorialChapelSAMUEL PROCTOR: “Leadership in the ComputerAge.”Pre-Conference Inquiry: Hutchinson Commons.RICHARD C. LEWONTIN, JAMES REDFIELD,PETER NAGOURNEY, PETER RABINOWITZ,WAYNE C. BOOTH (Moderator): “The Limits ofGeneral Education: A Pre-Conference Inquiry Intothe Practical Applications of the Conference.’’Conference Opening: Breasted Hall.Introductory Remarks: WAYNE C. BOOTH: “IsThere Any Knowledge That We Must Have?”Guest Speaker: F. CHAMPION WARD: “ReturningCoals to Newcastle.”Chicago-Style Debate: Ida Noyes Hall.“Resolved: The Facts Of Life Are Not Worth Know¬ing.”Guest Speaker: Breasted Hall.JOHN R. PLATT: “Diversity.”Biology Collegiate Division Presentation: Center forContinuing Education. 1:30 pm3:30 pm RAY KOPPELMAN: “What Biology Is Not WorthKnowing?”The Emily Talbot Lecture: Center for ContinuingEducation.ANNE SCOTT: “Education and the ContemporaryWoman.”Guest Speaker: Breasted Hall.NORTHROP FRYE: “The Instruments of Mental Pro¬duction.”Seminars:BENSON GINSBURG: “The Squeeze on Liberal Edu¬cation.” CCE 2C.ANTHONY TURKEVICH: “Are Facts Worth Know-ing?” K 110.EVERETT OLSON: “The Implications of Evolution¬ary Theory.” CCE 2F.ROGER WEISS: “Is Liberal Education General?”CCE 2EHELMUT FRITZSCHE: “What Non-Scientific Knowl¬edge Is of Most Worth to the Student?” E 203.EASLEY BLACKWOOD: “The Role of Technical Mu¬sic Courses at the University of Chicago.” Lex. 6.JOHN HUBBY and GERSON ROSENTHAL: “Biologyas the Ultimate Science.” CCE 2B.(Continued on page three)EDITORIAL Foreign AffairsTimidity triumphs Whither post-Shastri India?The Chicago school board has struck a blow for timidity.After almost two years of postponing and prevaricating onthe pressing question of what to do about the overcrowdedconditions at Hyde Park High School, the board appointed acommittee to look further into the matter.At long last, the board has managed to come to a decision.It has decided to ignore the challenge of a group of experi¬enced school administrators, led by Alan Thomas of UC'sMidwest administration center, to try a new approach, an imag¬inative effort to prove that a truly comprehensive city highschool can serve students with a broad range of backgrounds.It has decided to ignore the desire of the majority of theparents of the children attending HPHS, as expressed byPTA’s endorsement of the Thomas “educational park” plan.It has decided to ignore the urgent protests of the parents ofWoodlawn, who warned that they will not accept a totally Ne¬gro HPHS, which will be the result when white children fromHyde Park and Kenwood shift to a separate school for thoseneighborhoods.It has decided to ignore the great support for the “educa¬tional park” plan from every community group in Woodlawn.It has decided to ignore the desires of a large proportion ofwhite parents in Hyde Park, who believe in a comprehensiveschool for children of both Woodlawn and Hyde Park.It has, while constantly complaining of a lack of adequatefunds for the programs it would like to support, even decidedto ignore the figures of able economists who point out the sav¬ings inherent in building special facilities which can be usedby children from the whole district, instead of duplicatingthem for part of the district.Instead, it has taken the recommendation of a committeewhich held “hearings” of whoever happened to drop by theirmeeting, and finally made its decision in a ten-minute session.It has swallowed the special pleadings of those who believe aneighborhood “cannot last” unless it has its own little schoolfor its own little children, keeping out those awful childrenfrom the dreadful, black jungle next door.So, by ignoring the challenge of those who would put theirfaith in progressive new plans and accepting the demands ofthose who yelled loudest and longest, the board has finallystumbled to a decision of sorts.So, in ignorance, goes our board of “education”.What’s that old saying about the blind leading the blind? THIS ANXIETY has expresseditself in the past through direwarnings by high Administrationofficials concerning the dangers ofmultiple additions to the world’snuclear club and periodic demon¬strations of concern in the Senate.tive has yet developed from itsstill secret report.At this point it appears that onlytwo approaches have suggested political nature of India’s problemis acknowledged that the US canbegin to deal seriously with it. Ifwe go beyond our self-righteouswarning that “prestige” considera¬tions must be shunned, we willtige value. So long as the US withseveral times more nuclear armedvehicles than it could ever ration¬ally use, insists that it cannotagree to disarmament unless itsby Gary PorterThe death of Prime Minister Shastri reopens, among other things, the subsurface debatein Indian politics over the production of nuclear weapons. For Shastri had set himself withsingular determination against domestic pressures for making his nation the sixth nuclearpower. The views of Mrs. Gandhi on the subject are still undefined, and anxiety within theUS Government over the problem —of nuclear prolifciation is probablj present fjve And as for the self sufficiency In conventional ar-on c rise. motivations of prestige, they might mament.well have wondered which among IT IS °"Iy whe" 0,15 “lUmalelythe existing nuclear nations werenot touched by it. These Americanpleas have therefore had a negligi¬ble effect.MORE CONCRETE is the ideaThe President appointed a special of a nuclear guarantee for the In- realize that any such rejection ofextra-governmental committee last dians, which has been under con- nuclear prestige by India will beyear to study it, bat nothing posi- sideration. though never proposed possible only in an atmosphere inpublicly, for nearly a year. Here which nuclear weapons havethe assumption is that India would ceased to be invested with pres¬take comfort in having an explicitpromise that the US would respondthemselves to the US. The first is to promptly to a Chinese nuclear at-appeal to India on the basis of uni- tack on New Delhi. Confronted byversal interest; the second is to the fact that such an arrangementtreat it as a military problem would constitute an intolerable mil- “superiority” is conserved in thewhich would be soluble by a vari- itary alignment for India, a more agreement, and so long as bothant of all of our other collective interesting twist has been given to major powers see political advan-security arrangements. Both ap- the idea that the Soviet Union tages in their nuclear arsenalsproaches, needless to say, fail to would be asked to join us in such a quite apart from their actual use,come to grips with the real prob- guarantee. But even as this propos- it will be difficult for India and alem. al was being formulated it was good many other states to evaluateTHE EASIEST thing to do, of reasonably clear that it could not the advantages and disadvantagescourse, is to argue unceasingly that work. New York Times correspond- of nuclear weapons without takingnuclear weapons are unnecessary ent John Finney reported in April certain “intangibles” into account,for a nation like India and simply that it was “regarded as doubtful QUITE POSSIBLY, there isadd to the cumulative danger of that the Soviet Union . . . would be nothing the US can now do tonuclear war. Thus William C. Fos- willing.” make a non-nuclear status palat-ter, the US delegate to last year’s Even if the Soviets were ready to able to India. But there are twoGeneva conference, invoked the take such a long and fateful step, things which would certainly bespecter of an “era of nuclear anar- it would probably fail to meet the relevant. First, any substantial (aschy” if the non nuclear nations did needs of India. For the problem opposed to merely verbal) prog-not restrain themselves. Moreover, there, as the Indians themselves ress in arms reduction would cer-he suggested that they not be mis- see it, is that atomic weapons do in tainly help matters. Secondly, anlead into seeking atomic weapons fact play a major role in the power agreement among the three nu-for reasons of “prestige”. The relations of states. And as long as clear powers with interests in theState Department’s Dr. W. W. Ros- that is true, a non nuclear India Far East which would seek totow later appealed to the “instinc- will lack the degree of confidence minimize the importance of nu-tive” knowledge that we would all and resolve necessary to hold its clear weapons by pledging thatbe safer if no more nuclear estab- own in the long run struggle with they wdll be used only in retaliationlishments developed on the earth. China. An arrangement which for a nuclear attack, wouldThe Indians could argue with would make her permanently de- strengthen the hands of those inequally compelling logic that we pendent on other great powers India who would like to avoid thewould all feel safer with five fewer would only serve to emphasize that burden of being a nuclear power,nuclear powers, and that this fact India is a second rate nation in Until we are ready to undertakehas not had much impact on any of comparison with China. It is pre- either of these, the most honestcisely for this reason that India and respectable course would per-has been paying the heavy price in haps be to remain silent about thethe past three years of ultimate matter.News MuseRequests U( communityto oppose HUAC actionTO THE EDITOR:Last week, the House Un-Ameri¬can Activities Committee voted torecommend to the House of Rep¬resentatives contempt of Congresscitations for Dr. Jeremiah Stamlerand Mrs. Yolanda Hall, the worldrenowned heart research scientistand his assistant, and Chicago so¬cial work executive Milton Cohen.Also cited were Robert Shelton andsix alleged officials of the Ku KluxKlan.Stamler, Hall, and Cohen insti¬tuted a suit challenging the consti¬tutionality of the Committee priorto the hearings held in Chicago lastspring. The suit is now before theUnited States Court of Appeals forthe Seventh Circuit.We urge members of the Univer¬sity Community to write or wiretheir Congressional Representativeand Speaker John W. McCormackto withhold Congressional action onALL contempt of Congress recom¬mendations pending final adjudica¬tion of civil injunction proceedingsnow before the US Court of Ap¬peals. Action must be taken IM¬MEDIATELY as Congress isscheduled to act during the weekof January 31.JOEL SHUFROSTUDENTS FOR CIVILLIBERTIESCommends Psi U stand;racial barrier overcomeTO THE EDITOR:“Here I stand. I can do no other.God help me.” Martin Luther’sstatement in 1517 has stood as arallying cry throughout the twen¬tieth-century Negro struggle forequal rights. On the University ofChicago campus it has dramatical¬ly jeopardized the very existence of a deeply-rooted, established institution. Yet only this institutionhas openly and courageously metLuther’s challenge.Few subjects are more ridiculedand de-emphasized on this campusthan fraternities. The “Big Ten”remnants are incompatible withthe emerging “community of schol¬ars.” Yet within the remnants aclause discussing the concept of“incompatibility” has become thefocal point of future decisions. Ath¬letes are classically heroes, butrarely for principled intellectual-ism. Suddenly, and appropriately,on this campus, a change has oc¬curred. The athletes who primarilyconstitute the Psi Upsilon Fraterni¬ty have demonstrated a belief thatmore intellectually oriented fra¬ternities have delayed and de¬clined. The other fraternitiesare deceived: the Periclean Greekgave thought before action, butthen acted decisively. The Greekletter clubs on this campus havechosen to think more than act, andwhen action does occur, it isthrough slow, remedial red-tape.The intellectual process may onlysuffice when acting as a lever toproductive positive action.The “incompatibility clause” ofmost national charters governingthe actions of fraternities dictatesmembership regulations with spe¬cific and intentional emphasis uponrace. It has been traditional for theGreek letter clubs to accept theclause as the way of the gods,seeking slow, legislative, intellec¬tual solution. Dean Wick has set anultimatum for this procedure, butthe conditon persists. The brothersof the University of Chicago Chap¬ter of Psi Upsilon have found thisproposition incompatible with theirprinciples, and have chosen to vio¬late their national charter. Withthis decision is deserved the re¬spect, admiration, and appreciationof the University community. Theone-time secret organizations can and do serve important functions,even after relinquishing their se¬crecy. The secrecy has often beenidentified with selectivity. The pre¬cedent of Psi U may lead to abreach in this final barrier.Other fraternities have expresseddeep concern with the problem.One, for example, sees the prob¬lem as a question of survival, andis seeking the acquisition of au¬tonomous recognition by their na¬tional organization sometime in thespring. They are ashamed of therestriction, but weigh the conse¬quences of disdain greater thanthose of ignorance. The Psi Uchapter, in danger of losing nation¬al recognition and possibly exist¬ence, tips the scale the other way,resounding Martin Luther. The op¬ponents of fraternities are perhapsmore numerous than the advo¬cates, but insignificant is the num¬ber that denies the fraternity sys¬tem to be of some value. In ad¬vancing this value, the brothers ofPsi U merit support. They havemet a challenge at odds: the inter¬fraternity council should close theranks behind their leadership, andthe University should aid theircause. A historic stand must havea location. In 1517 the site was Wit¬tenberg; in 1965 the site was Spl-ma; in 1966 the revolt againstdiscrimination in Greek letter so¬cieties may be in Chicago.ELLIOT J. FELDMANTHE COLLEGEChicago MaroonEDITOR-IN-CHIEF .. Daniel HertzbtrgBUSINESS MANAGER Edward GlassowMANAGING EDITOR Dinah EsralNEWS EDITOR David SetterASSISTANT NEWS EDITORDavid E. GumpertASSISTANTS TO THE EDITORDavid L. AikenSharon GoldmanJoan PhillipsCOPY EDITOR f. ...Eva HochwaldCULTURE EDITOR Mark Ro*inEDITOR, CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEWi i David RichterASSOCIATE EDITOR, CHICAGOLITERARY REVIEW Rick PollackMUSIC EDITOR Peter Ratrinowitz Reagan stages campaignby Bruce F. FreedSpencer-Roberts and Associates, the California campaignmanagement specialists, have good reason to be proud. Theirlatest marketable commodity, actor Ronald Reagan, just pass¬ed his first stage test flawlessly.Announcing his candidacy forgovernor of California, Reagan nable to the voters,turned on all his charm and Hence, the new ad agency-mold-showed his television audience that e(j politician is artificial. His standshe learned his lessons well at are not determined by his own be-Spencer-Roberts. liefs, ^ jjy how jjis campaignIN FACT, he might have learned managers gauge the public’s feel-them too well. Picking up the right ings. Instead of discussing the is-cues, giving that deeply sincere sues, he glosses over them withlook, making that properly timed platitudes, homilies, and every-gesture, and saying the right plati- thing else designed to fog the vot-tude at the precise moment, the er’s mindactor-turned politician looked just „ut when a candidate like Rea.l,ke , gleaming new packed prod- sudde„iy modities his vjew,uct right off the assembly line. t0 appeal t0 , broader speclrum o(Reagan had a generality for ev- the electorate, the question arises:erything. In his announcement he has he really changed, or is histouched on all the issues—poverty, shift only a face lifting job?unemployment, crime, taxes, high- Some politicans have moderatedways, smog, health, and race rela- their positions when they’ve sensedhons. a change of mood by the elector-And he even toned down his ate. But they usually have startedarch-conservatism to try to garner near the center and remain in thethat amorphous middle vote, center.Would he accept support from the REAGAN, on the other hand, be-John iBirch Society? “I’m not going gan in far right field, and he’s run-to submit a loyalty oath to every- ning hard to reach the center bybody who votes for me,” he re- Election Day. What a strange con-plied. “If anyone chooses to vote version Reagan is making from anfor me, they are buying my views, avid Goldwaterite to a confirmed,I am not buying theirs.” responsible, moderate conserva-Reagan’s performance two weeks tive.ago is only the latest example of To the fickle California elector-the candidate who turns to the ad ate, Reagan might be able to pullagency to run his campaign, de- off the trick. He’s smooth, soundseide his stands, manufacture his sincere, and has some potentiallyimage, and, in the case of Reagan, explosive issues like the Wattscarry out public plastic surgery on race riots. Run a low key cam-the candidate’s old image. paign designed to harvest theNOT CONTENT to run as them- grapes of wrath and Reagan couldselves, many aspirants have looked reap the hosts of resentment*to the public relations firm to found in California’s surrealisticcreate th« appearance most sme- politics. v vCHICAGO MAROON • January 28, Iff*Announce liberal arts(Continued from page one} |JOSHUA TAYLOR: “Art as Knowing.” BE 24GEORGE PLAYE: “Should there be a Year-Off?”CCE Press Room.EDWARD WASIOLEK: “The Relation of FormalCourse Work to the Appreciation and Understand¬ing of Literature.” E 133.4:30 pm8:45 pmWEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 29 am10:45 am1:30 pm Seminars:PETER STEARNS: “The Problem of Teaching Mod¬ern History in a Liberal Arts Curriculum.” SS 108.ALBERT HAY’ES: “Curricular Focus: ContemporaryProblems or Great Conversation.” G-B 321.STANLEY FISCHER: “Commonality, Uniformity,and Community.” CCE 2C.Guest Speaker: Breasted Hall.SIR JOHN COCKCROFT: “A Transatlantic View ofWhat Knowledge Is Worth Having.”Guest Speaker: Breasted Hall.TERRY SANFORD: “Politics, People, and Educa¬tion—But What About The People?”Seminars:LLOYD FALLERS: “What Place, if any, Should theStudy of Religion Have in a University?” CCEPress Room.MARK HALLER: “Educational Advantage of anInter-Disciplinary Approach to the Social Sciences.”Law C.ROGER HILDEBRAND: “Science for Fun in the Lib¬eral Arts.” K 110.STUART TAVE: “Curriculum of the B.A. in Eng¬lish.” G-B 321.HAROLD HAYDON and CHRISTOPHER PLATT:“The Place of the Fine Arts in a College.” Law B.ALFRED PUTNAM: “Inquiry in Mathematics.”CCE 2F.IZAAK WIRSZUP: “The Foundations of Mathematicsin a General Education.” Ro 2.GEORGE BEADLE and ROBERT HASELKORN: “Eu¬genics and Euphemics.” CCE 2BBERNARD WEINBERG and EDWIN McCLELLAN:“What Language is Worth Studying?” SS 108.PAUL BOOTH and MILE GOLDFIELD: “The Rele¬vance of Knowledge.” Mandel Hall.GERSON ROSENTHAL: Discussion of John R.Platt’s speech on “Diversity.” BE 24.JOHN CAWELTI: “Creativity and Formal Educa¬tion.” CCE 2E.MILTON FRIEDMAN: “Federal Aid to Education;How, When, How Much?” CCE 2C.WILLIAM McNEILL and KARL WEINTRAUB: “WhatKnowledge Is Worth Having About the Past?”SS122.Father HARR1E VANDERSTAPPEN: “Problem ofPerspective in Artistic Criticism.” Classics 10.RICHARD FLACKS: “Student-Faculty Relations.”Ry 362.Faculty Paper: Breasted Hall.RICHARD McKEON: “The Battle of the Books.”3:30 pm Seminars:H EDWARD ROSENHEIM: “The College's Responsibili¬ty to the Contemporary.” CCE 2B.JOSEPH SMITH: “Can One Bridge the Gap between.Specialization and Dilettantism?” Lex. 6.GERHARD MEYER: “Computers and Disputers: TheLimits of ‘Science’ in Social Studies.” CCE 2E.DAVID BAKAN: “Limitations of the Application ofBiology and Psychology in Human Behavior Analy¬sis.” CCE 2C.PAUL VOTH: “Coordination of High School and Col¬lege Subject Matter in Biology.” CCE Press Room. conference programPHILIP JACKSON: “The Individual and the Institu¬tion.” CCE 2F.MORRELL COHEN: “Should We Eliminate the De¬partmentalized Structure of Undergraduate Edu¬cation in the Physical Sciences?” Ro. 27.JANICE SPOFFORD and DAVID WAKE: “Interdis¬ciplinary Programs in the Natural Sciences.**Classics 11.JONATHAN ALPERIN and RICHARD LASHOF: “laAbstract Mathematics Necessary?” K 110.MELBA PHILLIPS: “The Humanist and the SocialScientist and the General Science Curriculum.”Classics HMEYER ISENBERG: “Does the Literary Critic Con¬tribute Essentially to Undergraduate Education?’*E 133.ROBERT LeVINE: “The Impace of Religion andTraditional Social Structure on the Society of theNew States of Africa.” Lex. 6.UNIVERSITY ORCHESTRA Open Rehearsal. Hutch¬inson Commons.Jazz Concert: Mandel Hall.JOSEPH JARMAN.THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 3 Humanities Collegiate Division Presentation: Center9 am for Continuing Education.WALTER BLUM, MORRIS JANOWITZ, RICHARDLEWONTIN, WARNER WICK (Moderator): “WhatHermes Says to Apollo: a Discussion of the Hu¬manities in the Sciences.”10:45 am Social Sciences Collegiate Division Presentation:Center for Continuing Education.LEONARD BINDER, RICHARD FLACKS, HARRYKALVEN, DONALD LEVINE (Moderator): “TheRelevance of Social Science Education to the Crisesof Our Time: or, How Bad Are Things Really?”1-30 om Faculty Paper: Breasted Hall.p JAMES REDFIELD: “Platonic Education: Creativityand Method.”3.-45 pm4:40 pm6:30 pm8 pm3:30 pm8 pmFRIDAY, FEBRUARY 49 am Faculty Paper: Breasted Hall.JOHN A. SIMPSON: “Undergraduates and the Scien¬tific Enterprise.”Seminar: CHRISTIAN MACKAUER: Discussion ofMr. Redfield’s Paper on Platonic Education. CCEAssembly Room.Coffee Hour for All Students and Faculty of theConference:Lexington Studios. HUMANITIES 112-b STAFF: “IsExperience in the Arts Knowledge Worth Having?”Lecture-Demonstration on Ethopian Music. SocialSciences 122.New Collegiate Division Presentation: Center forContinuing Education: “Why a New CollegiateDivision?”I aril a iij'oicdx oLiviitcs vuiiv^idic division iivStniaiion#Center for Continuing EducationJULIAN GOLDSMITH, MARK INGHRAM, WILLIAMMORGAN, NORMAN NACHTRIEB, ROBERTPLATZMAN (Moderator): “Science Education Now,and In the Future.”1:30 pm Reading of the Winning Student Essay on the Con¬ference Topic. Breasted Hall.Address by the Provost: “The Role of a Liberal ArteCollege Within a University.” EDWARD LEVI.3:30 pm Coffee hour for all students, faculty, and guests ofthe Conference. Hutchinson Commons.(Students may sign up for seminars in corridor of Mandel Hall)Diversity is word for conference speakers(Continued from page one) tion which took place during histerm of office were: The “Gover¬nor’s School,” an eight-week sum¬mer program for talented highschool students; The North Caroli¬na School of the Arts; The NorthCarolina Advancement School (athree-month enrichment programfor eighth-graders), and TheLearning Institute of North Caroli¬na, a coordinating and evaluatingoffice for educational projects.Sanford’s topic will be “Politics,People, and Education—But WhatAbout the People,” on Wednesday,February 2, at 9 am, in BreastedHall.TERRY SANFORD, a partner inthe law firm of Sanford, Cannonand Hunter, Raleigh, North Caroli¬na, was elected Governor of NorthCarolina for a four-year term onNovember 8, 1960.During his campaign, and allthrough his administration, San¬ford stressed the needs of educa¬tion. During his first two years inoffice, the General Assembly ofNorth Carolina approved the great¬est increase in support of publicschool children of any state in thenation—and the greatest advancein public education in the state’shistory.By the end of his four-year term,Sanford had increased publicschool budgets by 50 per cent anduniversity and college budgets by70 per cent. He had also rede¬signed the university structure andstarted a statewide system ofcomprehensive community collegedevelopment.Among the innovations in educa- versity of Chicago as professor ofphysics.He has conducted extensive stud¬ies of optics, dyes, the design of aninfrared voice communication sys¬tem, and molecular spectroscopy.His publications include over 70professional publications on optics,spectroscopy, infrared communica¬tions systems, astrophysical optics,and theories of biological organiza-ion and pattern perception; twelvemore popular articles in nationalmagazines, and a book on socialaspects of scientific creation.He is presently the associate di¬rector of the mental health re¬search institute at the Universityof Michigan. He will speak on“Diversity,” at 9 am, on Tuesday,February 1.JOHN R. PLATT joined the Uni¬versity of Chicago faculty as as¬sistant professor in 1945, and wasappointed professor of physics in1957. He is a specialist in the fieldsof physics of perception, chemicalphysics, and spectra of large mole¬cules.In 1961 he was appointed visitingprofessor in biology at the Massa¬chusetts Institute of Technology,tnd in 1963 he returned to the Uni- lege was established under thechairmanship of Sir Winston Chur¬chill.Between 1946 and 1958 he wasthe director of the Atomic EnergyResearch Establishment at Har¬well, and during his directorshipreceived the Order of Merit, theUS Medal of Freedom, the NobelPrize in Physics, the Faraday Med¬al, the Kelvin Gold Medal, Cheva¬lier Legion d’honneur, the NielsBohr International Gold Medal,and, in 1961, the Atoms for PeaceAward.Prior to this time he served asassistant director of scientific re¬search for the Ministry of Supply,and then headed the Atomic Re¬search Establishment of the Na¬tional Research Council, in Mon¬treal, Canada.He is a fellow of the Royal Socie¬ty, and president of the Manches¬ter College of Science and Technol¬ogy.Sir John Cockcroft received theNobel Prize for Physics in 1951,with Professor E.T.S. Walton, fordevising the arrangement by whichnuclear disintegration by artificial¬ly accelerated particles was firstobserved.The immediate importance ofthese experiments, apart from thepopular appeal of success in split¬ting the atom, was that they con¬firmed Gamow’s theory of barrierpenetrations according to whichnuclear disintegrations might beproduced by light particles of rela¬tively low energy.He will speak on “A Transatlan¬tic View of What Knowledge IsWorth Having,” Tuesday evening,SIR JOHN COCKCROFT, Nobel February 1, at 8:45, in Breastedlaureate, was appointed the first Hall.master of Churchill College, Cam- ANNE SCOTT associate profes-bridge, in 1959, the year that col- sor of history, Duke University, will give the Emily Talbot lectureon “Education and the Contem¬porary Woman,” for the LiberalArts Conference on Tuesday, Fe¬bruary 1, 10:45 am, at the centerfor continuing education.Mrs. Scott is the author of "Saint(Continued on page four)UC aide appointedVance Johnson, a former execu¬tive with Field Enterprises, Incor¬porated, has been appointed asso¬ciate director of development atthe University.From 1959 to 1965, Johnson hadbeen a member of the manage-ment board and executive commit¬tee of the Field Enterprises news¬paper division. While with FieldEnterprises, Johnson served as di¬rector of promotion for both theChicago Sun-Times and the Chica¬go Daily News, and as assistant tothe general manager on special as¬signment.From 1957 to 1959, Johnsonserved as assistant manager ofpublic relations for the ChryslerCorporation, Detroit, Michigan.From 1954 to 1957, he was succes¬sively assistant to the president,editorial director, and vice presi¬dent-general manager of the Crow-ell-Collier Publishing Company,New York.In the period from 1942 to 1954,Johnson was a newspaperman inWashington, DC, first as a corre¬spondent for the Chicago Sun (1942-1946) and then as chief of theWashington Bureau of the SanFrancisco Chronicle (1947-54). Dur¬ing World War II, Johnson, whileon leave from the Chicago Sun,served with the Marine Corps iathe Pacific Theater.January 28, 1966 • CHICAGO MAROON • •Levi, McKeon, Redfield among UC faculty conference speakers(Continued from page three)Jane and The Ward Boss/' "TheNew Woman in the New South,""A Progressive Wind from theSouth," "After Sufferage: SouthernWomen in the Twenties," and ispresently preparing a book on thepolitical and social emergence ofsouthern women from 1840 to 1930:a study in the process of socialchange.In 1964, Mrs. Scott was chairmanof the North Carolina Governor'sCommission on the Status of Wom¬en, the report of which was pub¬lished under the title "The ManyLives of North Carolina Women."She is also a member of thePresident’s Advisory Council onthe Status of Women. Prior to this,Mrs. Scott was the Congressionalrepresentative and editor of theNational Voter, League of WomenVoters of the US, Washington, DC.She published a history of theLeague’s program under the title"Program Record."Mrs. Scott has held faculty posi¬tions at Haverford College; theUniversity of North Carolina; theJohns Hopkins Center, Universityof Bologna; and Duke University. sion, Department of Justice, 1943;first assistant, antitrust division,Department of Justice, 194445, andcounsel, subcommittee on monopo¬ly power of the Judiciary Commit¬tee, House of Representatives, 81stCongress, 1950.He is a fellow of the AmericanBar Foundation and of the Ameri¬can Academy of Arts and Sciences.His published works include An In¬troduction to Legal Reasoning andFour Talks on Legal Education.Levi will speak on “The Role ofa Liberal Arts College Within aUniversity,” on Friday, February4, in Breasted Hall, at 1:30 pm.EDWARD H. LEVI has beenprovost of the University of Chica¬go since 1962. He served as dean ofthe law school of the Universityfrom 1950 to 1962.Between 1940 and 1950, while onleave from the law school, Leviserved in various capacities withthe federal government, includ¬ing: special assistant to the Attor¬ney General of the United States,194045; first assistant, war divi-GREENFIELD LAWN & GARDEN PRODUCTS, adivision of ELI LILLY & CO. offers the following;Weekend sales and promotional work in gardenline stores in the Chicago area for 10 consecutiveweekends, 18 hours per weekend, at $1.50 per hoursalary. Prior to assignment, a training program will beconducted, for which the same hourly rate will be paid.Weekend assignments will begin about late March,and terminate in late May. This could lead to perman¬ent summer jobs in cases where retail establishmentsare in need of full-time help.Interested persons should write to Mr. CharlesKaden, Box 77A, RR I, St. Charles, Illinois, or phoneChicago phones 581-4137, or 728-2311. Controversies and Ideological Con¬flicts; and with Robert K. Mertonand Walter Gallhorn, The Freedomto Read.McKeon will speak on The Battleof the Books, on Wednesday, Feb¬ruary 2, at 1:30 pm, in BreastedHall.JAMES M. REDFIELD joinedthe University faculty in 1960 asinstructor, and has served sincethen as assistant professor, 1962;executive secretary of the commit¬tee on social thought, 1965; and isthe master of the new collegiatedivision and associate dean of theCollege.His publications include A Lec¬ture on Plato's Apology; Comedy,Tragedy, and Politics in Aristo¬phanes' "Frogs"; and The Sense ofCrises.He received the Quantrell Awardfor excellence in undergraduateteaching in 1965.Redfield will speak on “PlatonicEducation: Creativity and Meth¬od,” on Thursday, February 3, at1:30 pm, Breasted Hall.RICHARD P. McKEON, distin¬guished service professor of Greekand philosophy, has held facultypositions at the University of Chi¬cago since 1934; visiting professorof history, 1934-35; professor ofGreek, 193547; professor of philo¬sophy, 193547; dean, division ofhumanities, 19354J; and distin¬guished service professor since1947.His publications include: ThePhilosophy of Spinoza; editor, TheBasic Works of Aristotle; editor,Democracy in a World of Ten¬sions: A Symposium prepared byUNESCO; Freedom and History:The Semantics of Philosophical JOHN A SIMPSON, professor,Enrico Fermi institute for nuclearstudies and the department of phy¬sics, has served as a member ofthe special committee for the In¬ternational Geophysical Year forthe cosmic ray discipline, a mem¬ber of the US national committeefor IGY, and a member of the UStechnical panel for cosmic rays, also senior consultant, Argonn*National Laboratory.He is a fellow of the AmericanPhysical Society. He has engagedin research into the origin of cos-mic rays and their properties; andmagnetic fields in interplanataryspace.He will speak on “Undergrad¬uates and the Scientific Enter¬prise,” on Thursday, February 4,at 3:30 pm, in Breasted Hall.Symposium to viewnew cancer dataTwenty three of the nation’sleading cancer researchers willmeet at the University of Chicagoon February 26 and 27, 1966, to re¬port their latest findings in a newarea of cancer research—the con¬version of normal cells into cancercells in the test tube.The two day “Symposium onMalignant Transformation” issponsored by the cancer trainingprogram of the University, whichis directed by Dr. Robert W. Wis-sler, professor and chairman of thedepartment of pathology and UC’scancer coordinator.Dr. Robert J. Huebner, chief ofthe laboratory of infectious dis¬eases of the National Institute ofAllergy and Infectious Diseases,Bethesda, Maryland, will be chair¬man of a roundtable discussion bythe symposium participants at 4pm Saturday.The conference proceedings willbe summarized at the close of thesessions on Sunday morning by Dr.Albert Sabin, distinguished serviceprofessor of research pediatrics atthe University of Cincinnati and di¬rector of virology and cancer re¬search at the Children’s HospitalResearch Foundation, Cincinnati.Dr. Sabin developed the oral po¬lio vaccine and was the winner ofthe 1965 Albert Lasker Medical Re¬search Award.The sessions will take place inthe first floor lecture hall (P-117)of Billings Hospital. The symposi¬um is open to all interested physi¬cians, scientists, and students.(TESTMFAITTrivia, anyone? We’re lookingfor potential participants tomatch trivia troves and vie forlimited prizes and unlimitedacclaim. We know that thereare a lot of Trivia-buffs, sonow’s your chance to put yourmemory where your mouth is.If you know a bit more thanSuperman’s cover, and Bogart’sfirst film, fill out the couponbelow and drop it in the mailto us. We’ll get back with‘where and when’ details of ourelimination semi-finals, fromwhich top finalists will emerge.The finals will be held onChannel 5 ... in color, yet!Nothing To Buy!Send No Boxtops!This Is For Heal! THE GREATER CHICAGOTVTRIVIATOURNEY r,. La pfotactlon financier* qua vouadonnez k votra familla auJourd*huIdavra lui Atra procurda d’una autrafacon damain. L'asauranca Sun LHapaut cartainament accomplir cattatic ha k votra placa.En tant qua rapriaantant local da la SunLlfa, puia-]a voua viaitar i un moment davotra choU?Ralph J. Wood. Jr.. CLUHyda Park Bank Midlag. Chicago IS. 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GREEN DOOR BOOK SHOT m4 • CHICAGO MAROON • January 28, 1964NSA to sponsor “March for St. John’s”Collegiate Press ServiceNEW YORK — The US National Student Association & sponsoring a “March for St.John’s” today (Jan. 28) to “call for reinstatement of the faculty members who were dis¬missed by the St. John’s administration.” demic community” to join the picket lines atNSA is inviting “all members of the acaSt. John’s two New York City can>puses from noon until 6 pm on Fri- school so that the administration der control of the faculty.”day and then to attend a rally at would be forced to negotiate. The Father O’Reilly told the newsschool administration claims the conference that 24 teachers arestrike has had little or no effect now offering 41 different courses atand that the majority of the teach- Parkway for St. John’s students,ers and virtually all of the students Strikebreaking chargedaie attending classes as usual. The While establishing the exile uni-Columbia University at 8 pm. Pro¬fessors and students from St.John’s will be featured speakers atthe rally.IN CALLING for the march,NSA President Philip Sherburne union claims that the educational versitv th*> uninn wac making a hiHand Academic Freedom Director process has been seriously disrunt- [Jth®uni0”^as makmg a bidStephen Sunderland said: ed ":',h NT York,C,‘>’ial;o.r c0.mn’,S‘“The present crisis at St. John’s Boycott called off alonfr' T, f a Jtn t0 en'University was caused bv some of a B°yco” caned otr ter the stnke. The union charged!i, Svest v“laUons of educ^ caidT’tL stlVgT L"eto |hat 'hc, b,rou*h,1 inal principles that have ever oc '?The schoS s SookTyn campus to s?r7ke™ * ’ ° reP'curred in the United States. The hopes of forcing both sides intowholesale dismissal of, faculty mediation. About 400 students aremembers by the St. John s admin- sajj have stayed away fromistration on December 16 was the ciass before the student govern-culnr.ination of a long series of ac- ment called off the walkout undertions in which the St. Johns ad- pressure from the administration.ministration first ignored, then The Queens campus student gov- . , ......evaded, and finally defied the most ernment has rejected any idea of a jeac efs on a ^ai.^.^asis in orderbasic traditions of academic free boycott, but has held rallies from toJ;eplace the striking teachers.BEFORE FILING the chargesFather O’Reilly, chairman of theunion’s chapter at St. John’s, andthe union’s president Dr. IsraelKugler claimed the universitywould have to bring in 80 to 100dom.”Ten-month old dispute time to time on the school grounds. The university, which is the na-MEANWHILE, the first formai t,on’s largest Roman Catholic uni-The call for a march and nation- classes of a “university in exile” versi*y» denied that many teacherswide support for the strike by the wereheldlast week are “ slrike’ and has d"d'd thatacademic community was just the The union arranged for class- th® brought in arelatest development in the 10-month r00m space in the Parkway School, strlkebreakers.old dispute between the St. John’s a private junior and senior high McFadden sent a telegram to theadministration and the faculty of school with an enrollment of about Very Rev- Joseph T. Cahill, presi-the school. The December 16 dis- 80 students. It is housed in a year- dent of St. John’s, requesting amissal of 31 faculty members led 0ld building about a mile from the .jr.eeting in connection with the un¬to the strike on January 4 by the Queens campus of St. John’s. ion’s charges. The telegram saidUnited Federation of College Most of the “exile” classes beginTeachers. at 3 pm when the Parkway stu-EVEN THOUGH the strike is dents leave for the day. Classcontinuing, the effectiveness of it is schedules were being distributedin doubt. The striking union hoped on the St. John’s campuses,to disrupt the activities of the Exile—unaccreditedTaraor fnnfnronrot A union spokesman said that thevfliGvf VwIIIvIvIIVCj “exile university,” as they are re-Recruiting representatives of the fol- ferring to it, would not seek ac-lowing organizations will visit the office rrpriitation arwi would not be ableof career counseling and placement dur- creaiiaiion ana wouki not. oe auie . * . . .. -, T,ing the week of January 31. interview to help students complete degree DreaKers into me cuy. ine atthat the union had presented "cer¬tain evidence” of a violation of thecity’s labor code. The specific vio¬lation the union charges could bepunished by a $1,000 fine or im¬prisonment.FATHER CAHILL rejected themeeting request and declined todiscuss the union’s charges thatthe school was transporting strike- Student Government Assembly calls forundergrad inclusion on Coliege CouncilThe Student Government (SG) Assembly Tuesday nightpassed a resolution calling for student membership on theCollege Council, the governing faculty body of the College.The resolution mandates the SG executive committee tonegotiate with appropriate College •officials to insure that “student and weighted. This resolution Is amembers be placed on the execu- step in the right direction.”tive committees of each of the Col- “Students have a more positivelege divisions, on the executive role to play within the College thancommittee of the College Council, merely that of a source of dataon the College Council itself, and useful to administration and facul*on other relevant committees.” ty in their decision making.ORIGINALLY the resolution Thoughtful and informed studentscalled for “student observers with can contribute to solutions to andspeaking privileges,” but this was not merely elucidations of thaamended to “student members” problems which confront the stu-through a motion made by Howard dent,” Grofman said “We offerAbrams (Law School Party). this resolution as a basis for dis-Two other amendments to the re- cussion of formal ways wherebysolution were proposed and defeat- students can be integrated into theed. The first, proposed by SG Vice decision making processes of thaPresident Rusti Woods (SPAC), College.”specified that the number of stu- OTHER BUSINESS transacteddents on the College Council be 20. at Tuesday’s meeting included theThere are 40 faculty members on election of Joe Lubenow (SPAC) asthe committee. NSA coordinator.The other amendment, proposed Bills calling for the establish-by Peter Livingston (SPAC), pro- ment of a student-faculty commit-vided that the student members be tee on student life, for support offree to report all proceedings of the St. John’s University student-the Council, regardless of their na- faculty strike and march, and forture, to SG. the use of townhouses for studentCOMMENTING on the passage housing were scheduled to comeof the resolution, SG president Ber- before the Assembly. However,nie Grofman said, “We strongly the meeting was adjourned beforefeel the lack of adequate institu- these bills could come up for con-tional mechanisms whereby stu- sideration due to the lack of a quo-dent opinion can be ascertained rum.appointments for 1965-66may be arranged through Lroom 200, Reynolds Club,32S4.February 1Swift A Company Research and Devel¬opment Center, Chicago. 111. - SB andPh. D. organic chemists, statisticians atthe SB and SM levels. SB mathemati¬cians (with a computer course), Ph. D. John’s president wrote McFaddenadmonishing him “not to be im-requirements. It is merely aextens on means of keeping the students intouch with their regular instruc- P?sed on and used as a means oftors he said circulating a false claim.”SOME 14 students attended the An earlier charSe of unfair lab°rfirst class at Parkway. Most ofthem were students who are stay- DR. AARON ZIMBLER, OptometristIN THENEW HYDE PARK SHOPPING CENTER1510 E. 55th St.DO 3-7644 DO 3-6866EYE EXAMINATIONSPRESCRIPTIONS FILLED CONTACT LENSESNEWEST STYLING IN FRAMESregulations.practices filed by the union withthe National Labor Relationscandidates in biological science. jug ou{ schoo] in support of the Roard was dismissed On theR. R. Donnelley ti Sons Co., Chicago, . . * ^rounds that St Jolin,s was a nri--. business training programs for striking teachers. The first class grounds inai oi. jonn s was a BP-‘was conducted by the Rev. Peter vate noncommercial institutionO’Reilly, one of the dismissed ant^ n0^ come under NLRBteachers.Prior to the class he told a newsconference that he hoped the exileColo., and nationwide - students at all university might be made perman-J35S.2EI? enl “after the dispute with St.February 4 John’s is resolved.” Father O’Reil-Motei corporation of America, Boston, ly said he felt there was a “definMass. • training program for men inter- •. fnr „ “free university un-ested In the field of hotel management. ue neeu ior A nee university111. - business training programmen. All disciplines considered, butgraduates in economics, mathematics,statistics, or law are of particular in¬terest to the company.February 2Environmental Science Services Admin¬istration, Washington, DC. Boulder,Fifty-Seventh at KenwoodUNUSUAL FOODDELIGHTFULATMOSPHEREPOPULARPRICES PIERRE ANDREface flatteringParisian chicten skilledhoir stylists at5242 Hyo« Park BIvtL2291 L 71st St.DO 3-072710% Student Discount YOU ARE INVITED TO ATTEND AFREE LECTUREON SUNDAY AFTERNOON, JANUARY 30, at 3:30 PM-Professor Eugene Y. T. ChenSubject: SWEDENBORG AND THE CHINESEPlace: Swedenborg Center5710 Woodlawn Avenue, ChicagoProtestor Chen will speak of the similarities between Emanuel Swedenborg'sthought end traditional Chinese philosophy and of the benefit he believeswilt be dsrivsd from a spread of tha knowledga of Swedenborg's teachings InChina. Ha writes: “It is high time that paoplas all evar the world, now livingtogether as close neighbors, develop a kind of mutual leva, and mutualraspect, as it is only by this way of mutual ragard that the menace of war canbe banished and peace among mankind restored, as Swedenborg has repeatedlytaught us.''One of the aims of the Swedenborg Oriental Association, of which ProfessorChen is associate director, is to promote a better understanding of Oriantalphilosophias in the West.GOLD CITY INN"1 fold Mine o( Good Feed"10% Student DiscountHYDE PARK'S BESTCANTONESE FOOD5228 HARPERHY 3-2559I Cat Mora For Less)Try Our Convenient Take-Out Orders Seduction Smoothly AccomplishedNo playboy worth his salt would attempt suchan enterprise without music. Soft . . . Suggestive. . . Plaintive Music! But how to manage on astudents7 budget? See us. Everything can bearranged. From a $5000 system for cash to a $39FM radio on time.Don't take chances. See us first.TOAD HALLAnything Sold in Toad Hall May Also Be Leased or Rented1444 E. 57th St. BU 8-4500Naar tha Madici and Green Door SellsRentsLeasesJanuary 28. 1966 • CHICAGO MAROON • «Calendar of EventsMMIM3 a 'V' "' \ '-f s't-w v. ^ *?Friday, January 28TALKING NEWSPAPER: “Educationand the Draft,” floor discussion. BobRoss, graduate student in sociology,Icoua. Reynolds Club, 3:30 pm.SUPPER: "A Night at the Theatre,”Chapel House, 5810 Woodlawn, supperat 6 pmFILM: “Under the Roofs of Paris,” So¬cial Science, 7:15 and 9:15 pm,LECTURE: 'The Biblical Prophet asFailure and Coward,” Dr. Daivd Weis-berg, research associate, Oriental Insti¬tute, speaker, Hillel House, 5715 Wood-lawn, 8:30 pm.CONCERT: Chamber music series, Pa¬ganini Quartet, works by Haydn, Proko-fieff, Webern and Beethoven, MandelHall. 8:30 Dm.PLAY: “Tonight at 8:30,” ReynoldsClub theatre, 8:30 pm.PARTY: Music by the Noblemen, men50c. women free, sponsored by Hender¬son House, Pierce Commons, 8:30-12:30pm.Saturday, January 29MEETING: “The Development of thePacifist Movement in the Rdman Catho¬lic Church.” Jim Forest, national CPFco-chairman, and Professor John I Bet-tonbender of St. Joseph's College. EastChicago. Indiana, speakers, presentedby the Chicago area Catholic Peace Fel¬lowship, Breasted Hall, 2:30-4:30 pm.FILM: “Me and the Colonel,” DannyKaye, 50c, S'AMA members 25c, BillingsHospital, P117, 7:30 pm.PLAY: “Tonight at 8:30.” ReynoldsClub theatre, 8 :30 pm. Sunday, January 30RELIGIOUS SERVICE: The ReverendSamuel D. Proctor, Northeast directorof the United States Office of EconomicOpportunity, preacher, RockefellerMemorial Chapel, 11 am.BRUNCH: Informal discussion with ba¬gels and coffee, affiliates 25c. non-affili¬ates 50c, Hillel House, 11:30 am.SUPPER-DISCUSSION: United Chris¬tian Fellowship, Chapel House, 5810Woodlawn, 5:30 pm.Monday, January 31SEMINAR: "Vatican II: Renewal inRome,” Chapel House, 5810 Woodlawn,4:30 pm.SEMINAR: “Dilemmas of the ModernChristian,” (for undergraduates), Chap¬el House, 5810 Woodlawn, 7 pm.DEBATE: "That the facts of life arenot worth knowing,” Ida Noyes Hall,7:30 pm.MEETING: UC Independent Voters ofIllinois, Abner J. Mikva, chairman ofthe judiciary committee of the IllinoisHouse of Representatives and five-termstate representatives, speaker, IdaNoves library. 7:30 pm.LECTURE: “The Two Faces of Percep¬tion,” John R. Platt, associate director.Mental Health Institute. University ofMichigan, speaker, in the Monday Lec¬tures series. Law' School Auditorium, 8pm.SEMINAR: “Paul Tillich's Theology:An Introduction.” (special session forstudents in the College), Calvert House,5735 University, 10 pm. First of the Monday lecturesLewis: poverty has its own culturefby Eve Hoehwaldpoverty must be distinguished from each other,” said anthro-pologist Oscar Lewis, speaking at the law school auditorium Monday night. “The cultureof poverty is a subculture, a way of life passed down from generation to generation in theurban slums.”Weiss honored by Amer. Chem. SocietySamuel B. Weiss, professor ofbiochemistry, received the Ameri¬can Chemical Society award in en¬zyme chemistry, sponsored byChas. Pfizer and Company Inc., atthe society’s winter meeting inPhoenix, Arizona, January 17.Weiss is the 21st recipient of theaward, which consists of $1,000 anda gold medal. It has been awardedeach year since 1946 to an Ameri¬can scientist under the age of 40for outstanding work in enzymechemistry. Weiss is 39 years old.Weiss and his co-workers havedone pioneering work in the fieldof molecular biology by helping toclarify the processes by which anindividual’s inherited characteris¬tics find their expression in theUniversity Theatre PresentTickets AtREYNOLDS CLUB DESK body through the chemical behav¬ior of the body cells.Specifically, they have isolatedan enzyme called RNA polymer¬ase, which plays an essential rolein the chemical reactions by whichthe hereditary information con¬tained in the genetic material,DNA (or deoxyribonucleic acid), istransferred to a second substance,RNA (or ribonucleic acid).After first isolating this enzymefrom a type of bacteria known asM. lysodeikticus, Weiss was ableto demonstrate its activity in test-tube experiments, as well as in thebacterial cells. In these experi¬ments, he showed that the actionof the enzyme in producing RNA isvery specific and that the RNAproduced is a mirror image orcomplement of the DNA.JIMMY'Sand theUNIVERSITY ROOMSCHLITZ ON TAP Lewis’ lecture “The Culture ofPoverty: Mexico, San Juan, andNew York’’ was the first in thisquarter’s Monday night lecture se¬ries.AS A SUBCULTURE, poverty ismost characterized by its lack ofany social organization beyond thatof the nuclear family, most fre¬quently composed of abandonedmothers and their children by sev¬eral husbands, Lewis stated.“Most preliterate societies havea higher level of organization andparticipation than modern urbanslum dwellers, said Lewis; “forthese people, gang organization isa step forward.’’Too-early exposureIndividuals have no real child¬hood, but quickly gain a superficialmaturity from their too-early expo¬sure to the adult world. Despiteverbal solidarity of the family,there is strong sibling rivalry forspace, material goods, and, espe¬cially. maternal care he noted.In later life, their personalitiesreveal weak ego structure, lack ofmaturity, confusion of sex roles,time orientation entirely in thepresent, and lack of impulse con¬trol. They have a strong belief inmale superiority, and a high to||f-ance of psychological aberrations.MEMBERS of the poverty sub¬culture do not participate in thelarger economic system Lewissaid; they produce little of itswealth and receive few of its bene¬fits—hospitals, welfare agencies,banks, department stores, mu¬seums, and airports.Although they may claim middle-calss value, they do not live bythem. Women turn down offers ofchurch marriage to live in more“free” unions, in order to feelequal to men. They resent anykind of authority—the police, andeven the church.Not class consciousThey share a very provincialneighborhood orientation, Lewisnoted, with little sense of historyALOHA NUIA hearty greeting from TIKITED who has brought a smallsample of delicacies from theSOUTH SEAS along with someof your favorite AMERICANdishes.TIKI TED BRINGS TO YOUSUCH DISHES AS:Beef Kabob Flambe, Teri Yaki,Ono Ono Kaukau, and Egg Roll,as well as T-Bone, Club andFilet Mignon Steaks, SeafoodDelight, Sandwiches, and ColdPlates.After dinner don’t miss the newplays at the Last Stage. Join usfor cocktails at intermission andsandwiches after the show.CIRALS HOUSE OF TIKI51ST & HARPERFood served 11 a.m. to 3 a.m.Kitchen closed Wed.• • v LI 8-7585 The Meaning and Purpose of Jewish ExistenceanProfessor Wordecai M JCapLMajor Jewish Philosopher,Founder Reconstructionist MovementTues., Feb. 1, 8:00 pmTodd Hall, 5835 KimbarkSTUDENTS FREE - NON STUDENTS $1.00 or identification with the poor inother regions or countries. Thus,although they are status-conscious,they are not class conscious in theMarxist sense.WHEN RELIGION, or Marxism,or pacifism create something toprovide a sense of identification,then the psychological core of theculture of poverty is broken, hestated. This means that institutionsof repression and segregation-apartheid in South Africa and ra¬cial discrimination in the UnitedStates-also have positive value inthat they develop group conscious¬ness.Eight to ten per cent“Only eight to ten per cent of USfamilies are part of the culture ofpoverty, and they are mostly verylow income Negro families, andthis is a very good thing, since thecluture of poverty is much harderto eliminate than poverty per se,said Lewis. “In general, a revolu¬tionary ideal is more importantthan improved material advant¬ages to break down the culture ofpoverty,’’In this context, he compared twovisits he made to Cuba, one in 1947as a visiting professor for the StateDepartment, and the other in 1962as a correspondent for Harper'*magazine.THE PHYSICAL aspects of theslums were the same in both visits,but the feelings of apathy andhopelessness had considerably di¬minished by his second visit Lewissaid. He attributed this change tothe establishment of block and par¬ty committees, and to the armingof delinquents to form the “peo¬ple’s militia’’ as well as the wide¬spread dissemination of the doctrniethat the lower classes are the hopeof humanity.Middle class aimsWhen asked about the success ofthe War on Poverty, Lewis said hewas not personally familar enoughwith the program to comment.However, the typical approachagainst the culture of poverty inthe United States has been that ofthe social worker, which aims atincorporating everyone into themiddle class, he noted.“This is fine, if you happen tothink that the American middleclass is the best culture ever de¬veloped, but it is quite differentfrom the mystique of revolution of¬fered by the socialist countries,”said Lewis.MODEL CAMERAQUALITY 24 HR.DEVELOPINGKXPERT PHOTO ADVICENSA DISCOUNTS1342 L 55th HY 3-9259 IN ADDITION, the socialistcountries give the people a senseof power by arming them into mili¬tias, he pointed out, and they or¬ganize the neglected, unorganisedpeople, even though the organiza¬tion may be highly bureaucraticand totalitarian.Another element contributing tothe elimination of the culture ofpoverty in socialist countries isthat “they don’t give a damn aboutthe hated and distrusted middleclasses. As Castro said, ‘Let themgo’,” Lewis stated.To illustrate the tremendous hu¬man waste in the culture of pover¬ty, Lewis read excerpts from aforthcoming book In the Life, ananthropological study of an extend¬ed family in San Juan, PuertoRico, and New York City, writtenin the form of autobiographicalcase studies.Before-and-after studyAccording to Lewis, a uniquefeature of the book is the casestudy one of the daughters ofthe family, before and after shemoved to a government housingproject in San Juan.HER STORY shows the ironiesinherent in such relocation pro¬jects, he said, which although de¬signed to increase social integra¬tion, present such readjustmentproblems for their inhabitants thatthey often fail in their puprose.For example, although her rentis lower in her new home, it mustbe paid on time or she will bethrown out, whereas in her oldhome in the slums she could makearrangements to defer her pay¬ments.Furthurmore, many of her oldsources of income such as sellinglottery tickets or federal govern¬ment food subsides, are no longeravailable to her, since they are il¬legal, and she is afraid of beingfound out by the detectives in thehousing project."Felt needs" approachAn alternative to this waste ofthe culture of poverty that is ex¬tended to the housing projects wassuggested by Lewis, that of “feltneeds” whereby slum dwellers areasked what improvements theywould like made in the “slums”rather than constructing entirelynew housing developments.THIS IS not only more effective,Lewis said, but it is more econom¬ical, since slum dwellers generallyhave low aspirations and makeonly very simple demands, so thatpotentially many more peoplecould be reached.FREE DELIVERY3 FREE PEPSIS with each PIZZA(confirm phone: with take out orders only)CAFE ENRICOACROSS FROM THE VHY 3-5300 FA 4-5525PIZZACHEESE ...SAUSAGEPEPPER & ONIONBACON & ONIONCOMBINATIONMUSHROOMSHRIMP .....•••••••••••••••••••••••••«•••••••••• MNMMM4MMMMN••••••••••••••••• •••••••••HMM4M Med. Large1.45 2.001.80 2.351.65 2.202.15 2.702.40 2.952.15 2.702.40 2.95 EYE EXAMINATIONFASHION EYEWEARCONTACT LENSESDR. KURT ROSENBAUMOptometrist53 Kimbark Plaza1200 East 53rd StreetHYde Park 3-8372Student and Faculty Discount Koga Gift ShopDistinctive Gift Items From TheOrient and Around The World1462 E. 53rd St.Chicago 15, III.MU 4-6856Co•AUTY SALONExpertPermanent WavingHair CuttingandTinting1350 E. 53rd S*. HY 3-8302 University Theatre PresentsMANDEL HALLFEBRUARY 11-12-136 • CHICAGO MAROON • January 28, 1966THE CHICAGOLITERARY REVIEWVol. 3, No. 3 February, 1966THE ASTRONAUT AND THE VENUSIANSituations, by Jean-Paul Sartre(trans. Benita Eisler). George Bra-ziller. $5.95For the first few pages the confu¬sion is tolerable. This is Jean-PaulSartre. One must not expect his au¬tobiography to be of the traditional“1-started-out-as-a-child” variety.What's more, the first volume,translated in 1964 as The Words,covered that territory. But the nar¬rative of The Words breaks off withrecollections of the author’s tenthyear. The more renowned, matureSartre must be anticipated in hissecond autobiographical work,translated last year as Situations.But at the conclusion of sixtypages he has not yet mentionedhimself. Rather, he seems con¬cerned with constructing a convinc¬ing biography of the 16th-centuryVenetian artist Tintoretto. His pur¬pose only dawns upon the reader ashe continues into the followingchapters, which concern Gide, Ca¬mus, Merleau-Ponty and others.For Sartre sets his own uniquestamp upon each of these figuresand through them tells much abouthis own life and thought. Thus, hesays of his portrait of his lifelongfriend Merleau-Ponty, “It is theman whom I want to re-establish,not as he was to himself, but as helived in my life and I lived in his.”The chapters of Situations haveall been reprinted from articleswhich appeared in his review, LesTemps Modernes, or another peri¬odical, or from prefaces written bySartre to various books by other au¬thors. In a sense each chapter be¬comes a tribute to the person ofwhom he writes; Sartre seems in¬debted to them all for the formula¬tion of his own insights.One possible exception is the criti¬cal “Reply to Albert Camus,”which explains the rupture in thefriendship between these two. Butafter one full chapter of fatherlytongue-lashing, in which Camus ismade to appear like an indignanttot, Sartre devotes a second chapterto his more estimable qualities.This brief eulogy was first pub¬lished just after Camus’ death in1960.Americans, too, are taken to tasknow and then by Sartre. These criti¬cisms are always much more casu¬al, as though Sartre means to implythat, after all, everybody knowswhat the Americans are. They donot even merit the full force of hisseverity, as Camus does. Sartre ac¬cuses the Americans of warmonger¬ing in foreign lands—their agita¬tion and collaboration with theSouth Koreans brought on the Ko¬rean War—while creating a civili¬zation of “absolute equivalences,universal and ordinary,” at home.Here, he refers to endlessly repeti¬tious phenomena, such as a housingdevelopment or teen-age fashions.American readers may resent or echo Sartre’s attitudes as he frank¬ly voices them on politics and thearts, but none can fail to be struckby his incisive and imaginativestyle. Even in translation the unex¬pected, often shocking, images withwhich he colors his work are mem¬orable. It is no wonder that somany Sartrean phrases and wordshave entered literary, if not yetcommon, speech. “Nausea,” “con¬demned to freedom,” “bad faith,”and the untranslatable “salaud.”♦ By juxtaposing contrary terms hejolts his readers into reconsidera¬tion of his train of thought. But hismastery of words being more thanmere glibness, a little concentration—or a lot—will generally make thediscordant image ring true. Sartreis no mystic. In this book, however,he falls into the annoying habit offollowing some particularly perplex¬ing paradoxes with a flip, “Nowfind your way out of that one!”But those interested in the prog¬ress of Sartre’s thought are notleft unenlighted by Situations. As a matter of fact, it is unlike Sartre tobe coy. The evasive device men¬tioned in the preceding paragraphis remarkable precisely because itis atypical. Typically, it requiresthe reader’s maximal concentrationand imagination to follow Sartre,who begins in medias res and fillsin explanatory details later. But hiscandid, conversational tone seldomleaves holes in his reasoning ornarrative. The object is not to con¬fuse the reader but to string himalong and then pounce, startlinghim into consciousness.Sartre has written much on hisconception of freedom. The empha¬sis of his earlier works has beenupon the absolute nature of man’sfreedom. Whether in choosing or inchoosing not to choose, man createshimself. He is responsible for whathe is and for his world.But many readers have alwayssuspected this view of being tooclear cut, and thus too naive, forSartre. And now, indeed, he writesincreasingly about the “anchorage”of human freedom. This is perhaps a reason for his choice of the titleSituations. He has always spoken offreedom as existing “en situation.”Now he brings this facet to thefore. Man is, first of all, a historicalcreature. His collective and individ¬ual past, his biological heredity,combine with the present historicalmoment to create a “situation” inwhich man acts in order to createhimself more fully and thus modifyhis future acts. Explaining the di¬lemma he and Merleau-Ponty facedregarding the Communist Partywhen the Cold War began, hewrites, “We had to live these his¬torical determinants, which meansthat we lent them our life, our pas¬sions, our skin.”It is difficult to resolve the finerpoints of this shift in emphasis inSartre’s idea of freedom, since Sit¬uations is not a philosophical trea¬tise. Perhaps it amounts to nothingmore than a delineation of the var¬ious external instrumentalities inrespect to which man’s freedom op¬erates.Yet at times Sartre seems to haveabout-faced toward determinism.Did a thought like this one reallycome from the mind of Jean-PaulSartre? “The little freedom left usis resumed in the instant where wedecide whether or not to put ourfinger in. In a word, our beginningbelongs to us. Afterwards we canonly will our destiny.” What doeshe mean by “will”?Sartre seems as much interestedas contemporary sociologists inwhat they call “role-playing.”Though Sartre never uses this the¬atrical image to describe the phe¬nomenon, it is encompassed by histerm “situation” and other ref¬erences to “vampires” and ancestorworship. Out of the role which so¬ciety has given him to play, a manmay create a rebel—if Sartre wouldconsent to this usage of Camus’word—a salaud, or an Indifferent.But one senses that for Sartre theproblem is still far from resolved.And, indeed, how can it ever be ”e-solved when man, the judge, is somuch a la fois the victim? Like theastronauts in the science fictiontale Sartre relates, a man maythink the course he follows is of hisown choosing and that he is free atany time to do otherwise. But hemay unwittingly be participating ina thoroughly calculated Venusianintelligence test, in which his everymove is not only observed, butpredicted, induced, and limited.For Sartre, however, man is boththe astronaut and the Venusian. Heretains his freedom by functioningas both manipulator and puppet.Thus, while maintaining his affir¬mation of human freedom, Sartrequalifies it more and more with Sit¬uations.Patricia M. SullivanMiss Sullivan is a third year studentmajoring in French in the College atValparaiso University.JUST A WORD OR TWO OF COLLOQUYA Firm Word or Two, byNathaniel Benchley.McGraw-Hill Book Company$3.95.Today when one encounters asimply-told, poignant tale, he ismost likely tempted to push thebook aside with a somewhat cynicalsneer and reach for somethingmore stimulating to his intellectand less embarrassing to his ego.For the cynic does become embar¬rassed as he realizes he has let him¬self be captivated, succumbing tosmiles, even laughter, by a novelseemingly designed to attract andamuse a forty-year-old housewife.In A Firm Word or Two Nathan¬iel Benchley, who seems to have in¬herited the gift for wry humor fromhis father Robert, undeniably sus¬tains even a cynical reader’s inter¬est, despite the simplicity of styleand substance. His fresh little novelis actually a cumulative progressionof short, down-to-earth episodesshowing the relationship between amodern American father and son.At one time or another, most ofthese episodes have appeared as in¬dividual stories in The New Yorker.Each animated chapter illuminesBenchley's theme in an anecdotalway as it blends neatly into thegeneral scheme of the book.The story revolves aroundGeorge Adams, father (bourgeois,like the book itself), and his reac-^tions to the normal development ofhis son Bobby—reactions that areThe Chicago Literary Review, circu¬lation 14.000, is published by the Uni¬versity of Chicago six times per year,in October, December, February,March, April, and May; it is distrib¬uted under the auspices of the Chi¬cago Maroon, the Valparaiso Torch,and the Roosevelt Torch; editor-in-chief, David H. Richter; Chicago edi¬tors, Susan M. Yaeger and Rick Pol¬lack; Valparaiso editor, James Boel-ter. The editorial office is located at1212 E. 59th St., Chicago, Illinois60637. Subscriptions are $1.00 peryear.The Chicago Literary ReviewStaff artist is Jan Gregg. MissGregg, who lives in the HydePark area, does lithographs aswell as her satirical line draw¬ings. One of her works is atpresent being exhibited in Lex¬ington studios at the Universityof Chicago. She is interested inselling her work, and can bereached at BUtterfield 8-7598. foolishly unbefitting to the ideal ofpaternity. Benchley’s protagonistworks conscientiously at his ratherhumdrum job only because he con¬siders it is expected of him asbreadwinning father and husband.A mild, unexciting type of guy,Adams exhibits this same dutifulattitude in his relations with hisson, always trying to enter the boy’sworld to establish the kinship hofeels a father and son should have,but never quite succeeding. Andeach time Adams realizes his fail¬ure, his vindicatory efforts to patchup an awkward situation only resultin making him look more foolishthan ever.A few words or a small, insignifi¬cant act on the part of an unwittingBobby so intensely affects his fa¬ther that it appears George Adamswould have been a completely dif¬ferent man—dignified, wise andcompetent—had he never beenblessed with paternity. As it is, heconstantly bungles his way into adistressing plight, not ever realizingwhat an unflattering display he hasmade of himself until the heightof his discomfiture, when it is toolate.The outcome of Adams’ bunglingis sometimes pitiful, sometimescomic. There is, for example, thepicnic incident in w'hich Adamstries to teach TV-minded Bobbyand his pal the thrill of “improvis¬ing straight out of nature—makingOld Mother Nature do your workfor you.” He begins by explainingto the boys that a “fuzz stick” is thebasic element for starting a fire, yethe fails to impress upon them thefine art of woodcraft, for being nor¬mal young boys unaccustomed tohearing their own wacky lingo usedseriously, they are overcome withspasms of boisterous mirth. Butthat is not all. Our earnest fatherinsists on further playing the foolin attempting to outfox two eleven-year-olds at a game of Indian Scout(which Adams regarded as instruc¬tive preparation for any eventualwar). Furtively crawling on his stom¬ach and elbows, with a bush stuckdown the neck of his shirt for cam¬ouflage, Adams follows and sur¬prises with a jubilant “Bang!” notthe boys, who never played thegame at all, but rather a beefy red¬faced man and a woman in tweedsout on a nature excursion. Theensuing scene is typical of the un¬comfortable positions in whichAdams must justify himself.The way Benchley tells it in AFirm Word or Two, father neverknows best. Time after time we seeAdams—although genuinely tryingto be the perfect father—emerge asa real loser while his victorious sonremains innocently unaware of theego-damaging blow he has dealt hisdad. Why does Adams fail as a fa¬ther? The reason lies in his inabilityty to communicate with his son.Bobby runs away from home andAdams has nothing to say to him;he can voice neither his anger norhis concern; he can only stutter andfumble around for words whenBobby presents him with an ill-made lamp for his tastefully fur¬nished study. The author’s messagethen is this: to be a successful par¬ent and enjoy a rewarding compan¬ionship with one’s offspring, a per¬son must be able to talk to his child about the life they share. Benchleyapparently ftgls—and his opiuonis probably correct—that contem¬porary family relations are not upto par because of the lack of anyreal communication between par¬ents (especially well-meaning fa¬thers) and children.Nor are the youngsters the onesresponsible for this regrettable sit¬uation. Every time Bobby Adamsexcitedly runs to his father with anidea he has or a boyish story to tell,he is either brusquely cut short byAdams, who has more importantmatters on his mind, or grudginglygiven an ear that hears but does notreally listen. And so father consist¬ently ignores the perfect opportu¬nity to get to know and understandson. Although he never comes rightout and says so, and despite the factthat Mrs. Adams plays a very minorrole in the story, the author some¬how manages to give the impressionthat perhaps the venerable influencecalled motherhood is the most nobleand worthy of childrearing institu¬tions after all.A Firm Word or Two covers atopic that is nothing surprisinglynovel—most any psychologist, so¬ciologist or clergyman could tell uswhy a close relationship does notexist between the modern parentand child. What makes Benchleydeserving of consideration in his dis¬arming warmth of story-telling.The book reads as simply as a sixth-grade reader, but by no meansbores or lethargizes the interest.Benchley places the typical eventsin the life of a growing boy—therunning away from home, the loss ofa swim meet for his team, the firstrite of manhood—shaving—and thefinal untying of apron strings inhis own gently humorous light,treating them as if they occurredonly in the life of Bobby Adamsand his father. It is this “personali¬zation” that provides the frequentlyabrupt shift of scene and time witha certain easy continuity and urgesthe reader on from one page to thenext.Thus relying almost entirelyupon characterization for the devel¬opment of his book, Benchley aptlyproves his finesse at creating aseMSe of human reality, although itshould be noted that he tends to ex¬aggerate ever so slightly in empha¬sizing the weakness of fatherAdams. Still, his world of fatherand son could be found anywhere—from New York City to Saiina, Kan¬sas. Dialogue is handled with suchtrue perception that one cannothelp but wonder if the author him¬self possesses the paternal traits ofa George Adams.Fortunately for the reader,Benchley avoids slipping into eitherthe sentimental or the absurd, ascould easily happen when compos¬ing a novel that desires to be bothhuman and humorous. A Firm Wordor Two is not slapstick: its humor ismore subtle vivacity than riotoushilarity. Benchley keeps his warm¬hearted mood on an even keel, nowand then tempering it with a pi¬quant touch of irony. The facile col¬loquial style of this novel serves toarouse sympathetic embarrassmentand amusement for Adams and hisfoibles, in addition to showing theauthor’s own compassionate under¬standing of his subject. Though hardly more than a pleas-antly entertaining tale a personwould read only once, A Firm Wordor Two still succeeds in depicting avivid and empathic tableau of pater-nity for which Nathaniel Benchleyshould be complimented.Mary Jane NehrlngMiss Nehring is a first year studentmajoring in philosophy in the Collegeat Valparaiso University.Table of ContentsBiography:Situations, by Jean-Paul Sartre . 1The Life of Dylan Thomas,by Constantine Fitzgibbon 5Non-Fiction:In Cold Blood,by Truman Capote 3Novels:A Firm Word or Two,by Nathaniel Benchley . 2The Magus, by John Fowles ....llThe System of Dante's Hell,by LeRoi Jones 7The Billion-Dollar Brain,by Len Deighton 12At Play in the Fields of theLord, bv Richard Mathiessen .. 8Social Science:Kennedy, by Theodore Sorensen. 4A Thousand Days,by Arthur M. Schlcsinger 4The Paranoid Style inAmerican Politics,by Richard Hofstadter 9The Proud Tower,by Barbara Tuchman 10Texts and Contexts:James Branch Cabell 6FROM THE EDITORS:In the last issue, we greetedValparaiso University as a new' dis¬tributor of the Chicago LiteraryReview. In this issue we are proudto announce the publication of tworeviews by Valpo students—amongthe best we have published.This issue will also be reprinted,in whole or in part, by the RooseveltTorch. This raises the total reader-ship of the Chicago Literary Reviewto 18,500. Progress, it’s wonderful.We hope to continue our readersamong the Chicago-axis schools.We again offer our thanks to thebeneficence of the men who havemade the existence of the Reviewpossible: Dean Booth of the UCCollege, the 75th Anniversary Com¬mittee, Corso, our staff, and B. Ed¬ward Glasgow, the long-sufferingbusiness manager of the ChicagoMaroon.David H. RichterEditor-in-ChiefSusan M. YaegerRick PollackChicago EditorsJames BoelterValparaiso EditorChicago Literary ReviewEDITOR IN-CHIEF. .David H. RichterCHICAGO EDITORS Susan M. YaegerRick PollackVALPARAISO EDITOR James BoederSTAFF: Philip Altbach, Marc Cogan,Brian Corman, R. Edgeworth-Smith,Richard Eno, Bruce F. Freed, JulianaGeran, Mick Gidley, Morton Goldstein,John Grafton, Bernard Grofman, Rob¬ert Haven, Lily Hunter, Robert F.Levey, John Lion, Derry Malsch,Douglas Mitchell, Gary Porter, PeterRabinowitz, Monica Raymond, PaulRochmes, Paula Sayers, Eric Sima-chus, Clive Staples, Patricia Sullivan,Edward Tenner, Irving Washington.SCAPEGOAT... .Richard L. Snowden• CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • February, 1966„• . '• V. * ’ • i '• . ■2LIFE: RAISED TO THE PITCH OF ARTIn Cold Blood, by Truman Ca¬pote. Random House. $5.95The story that In Cold Blood tellsa familiar one: you probably readthe daily papers. In Novemberof 1959, Herbert Clutter of Hol¬comb, Kansas, his wife Bonnie, andhis children Kenyon and Nancywere murdered with a shotgun helda few inches from their faces. Thegutters had no known enemies; themurderers left no clues. Five yearslater, in the Kansas State Peniten¬tiary, Richard Hickok and PerrySmith were hanged for the crime.Since the story is fact, In ColdJUood not a novel. But neither isit a callously journalistic reportingjob. Capote’s book is a labor oflove, in which the characters andthe places are treated with the fullimaginative sympathy Capote hastfsed in his fiction. It is a remarka¬ble book, the more so because theflatlands of Kansas are so far fromthe author’s traditional metier.Capote’s achievement involvedgetting behind the news stories of^be multiple murder in order to re¬cord every available detail aboutthe murderers and their victims.Capote went to Holcomb, and spenta good deal of time there interview¬ing the Clutters’ friends, relations,•jpiployees, and especially AlvinDewey, the Kansas State Police in¬vestigator who eventually broughtthe murderers to justice. After theapprehension of the pair, Capotewas with them as much as theirJ&wyer was, and Smith, the senti¬mental trigger-man, asked the au¬thor to their hanging.It is through this piling up of de¬tail that Capote was able to createsuch an evocative, moving record.The already sympathetic victimsare rendered more poignant, forexample, by this touch of the gro¬tesque:The four coffins, which quite filledthe small, flower-crowded parlor,were to be sealed at the funeralservices—very understandably, fordespite the care taken wtih the ap¬pearance of the victims, the effectachieved was disquieting. Nancywore her dress of cherry-red velvet,her brother a bright plaid shirt; theparents were more sedately attired,Mr. Clutter in navy-blue flannel, hiswife in navy-blue crepe; and—it wasthis, especially, that lent the scene^an awful aura—the head of each wascompletely encased in cotton, aswollen cocoon twice the size of anordinary blown-up balloon, and thecotton, because it had been sprayedwith a glossy substance, twinkledlike Christmas-tree snow.„ And Capote’s sympathy does notexhaust itself upon the Clutters andtheir friends. We are shown Hickokand Smith in full relief, what theywere and what made them so—andwe cannot but understand and pitythem, because, like the Clutters,they had no chance. The extractfrom Perry Smith’s testimony tothe prison psychiatrist demon¬strates what goes into the makingof what men were then calling a.cold, brutal killer:V I was in and out of Detention Homes1 many many times for running awaylrom home and stealing. I rememberone place I was sent to. I had weakkidneys and wet the bed every night.1’his was very humiliating to me, but1 1 couldn’t control myself. I was veryseverely beaten by the cottage mis¬tress, who had called me names andmade fun of me in front of all theboys. She used to come around at allhours of the night to see if I wet thebed. She would throw back the coversand furiously beat me with a largeblack leather belt—pull me out ofbed by my hair and drag me to the bathroom and throw me in the tuband tell me to wash myself and thesheets. Every day was a nightmare.Later on she thought it was veryfunny to put some kind of ointmenton my per.is. This was almost un¬bearable. It burned something ter¬rible.For Kansas justice, for Hickokand Smith, for the newspaper-read¬ing public, the Clutter affair endedon April 15, 1965, when the mur¬derers were executed in a ware¬house belonging to the KansasState Penitentiary. But for Dewey,the police investigator, a witness tothe hanging, it had ended, really,the year before. Dewey had then bychance encountered Sue Kidwell,one of Nancy’s friends, and a wit¬ness at the Hickok trial, at the Clut¬ter grave in the Holcomb cemetery.She is healthy and happy, a juniorat the University of Kansas (“Nancyand I planned to go to college to¬gether. We were going to be room¬mates. I think about it sometimes.Suddenly, when I’m very happy, Ithink of all the plans we made.”).Dewey’s last view of Sue, of Hol¬comb, of the Clutters’ grave—thepointless murders there, the point¬less executions to follow:... she disappeared down the path,a pretty girl in a hurry, her smoothhair swinging, shining—just such ayoung woman as Nancy might havebeen. Then, starting home, he walkedtoward the trees, and under them,leaving behind him the big sky, thewhisper of wind voices in the wind-bent wheat.Truman Capote calls In ColdBlood a Non-Fiction Novel, which itis; he thinks it a new form, which itisn’t. Over ten years ago, John Her-sey brought out Hiroshima , whichtreated its subject in much thesame way. Hiroshima has become aminor classic, and if advance salesare any judge, so will Capote’sbook. Its success is certainly de¬served.In Cold Blood threatens, as a matter of fact, to be more success¬ful than Capote’s other works: TheGrass Harp, Other Voices, OtherRooms, and Breakfast at Tiffany’s.This too is deserved, for Capote’snon-fiction novel is better con¬structed, more sustained, and morepowerful in theme and emotionalcontent than his sugary novel andsentimental short stories. But themajor question about In ColdBlood, after its quality has been es¬tablished, is what would make aneminent author of fiction suddenlybreak his style to report on a mur¬der? Is it true, as Norman Pod-horetz claimed in Book Week, thatjournalism is the predominantforce among men of letters in theUnited States today?Stanley Kauffman laughed offPodhoretz’s remark—Podhoretz isa journalistic now, he replied, andif Podhoretz became a plumber to¬morrow, he would claim thatplumbing was the major literaryforce. But there is more in the claim than mere self-justification.The most exciting and controversialbook of 1965 was Tom Wolfe’s ex¬pose of American pop culture, writ¬ten in a style that almost goes be¬yond journalism into Joyce. NormanMailer, once a novelist, now writesadvertisements for himself. NelsonAlgren, the author of the blood-and-guts novels A Walk on the WildSide and The Man with the GoldenArm, most recently wrote up a voy¬age of his to the Far East, calling itNotes on a Sea Diary: HemingwayAll the Way. Kingsley Amis, authorof Lucky Jim and four other “angryyoung” novels, took a little holidayto write The James Bond Dossier,in Playboy-style journalism. Kauff¬man modestly scoffs at the rise ofjournalism, but it seems clear thatmuch of the work of our majorauthors in the last year or two,and many of the best-sellers ofthe last five years have been of thatnature.Why?There are no clear and obviousanswers to explain this phenome¬non, but the reason may like in thechange which has come over thenovel since Flaubert. With theenormous and wide-spread in¬fluence of Madame Bovary, the nov¬elists who made pretension to artis¬try tended to increase the dramaticaspects of their work at the ex¬pense of the editorial explanations(which had been so frequent in thework of Fielding, Dickens, Trollopeand their ilk). This tendencyreached a climax in James’ laternovels, and has continued at thislevel ever since.This phenomenon—the disap¬pearing author—pervades Westernprose fiction. According to theblurb for Robbe-Grillet’s Le voyeur,the reader is “trapped in the mindof a homicidal maniac.” Nabokov’sLolita aroused controversy—andundeserved accusations—becausereaders confused the first-personnarrator with the author himself,which clearly was not Nobokov’sintention. In fact, it is hard to thinkof a novel written in the last twentyyears or so in which the author’spersonality is directly made knownto the reader.At present the situation is suchthat purity of artistic expression issacrificed if the author so much asleaves a highly restricted point ofview. And this is stifling, as stulti¬fying as the Three Unities were forthe seventeenth century dramatists.How can an author with a reputa¬tion let off some steam—tell theworld what he thinks of it? Not inhis work, certainly, for the criticswould never allow it to pass withoutslighting remarks that the authorhas neglected his first duty—tocreate a perfect work of art.No, the only way is to write jour¬nalistic articles, like John O’Hara,or journalistic books, like Mailer,Algren, Amis—and Capote.There is, perhaps, one differencebetween Capote and the others.Without sacrificing his personalityto his work—for his concern andtender sensibilities are very muchin evidence in his latest, best work—he has raised journalism to thehigh pitch and sustained beauty ofart.Irving WashingtonMr. Washington is a first-year graduatestudent in the department of Englishat the University of Chicago.Nbruary, 1966 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • 3\ Kennedy, by Theodore Sorensen.Doubleday. $10.00Kennedy is the author’s tributeto the late President, in the formof a partisan account of his career.Theodore Sorensen has writtenwith affection and pride the mostintimate portrait we ever will haveof the man Kennedy, so that it isfar more than mere biography inthe usual sense.Given Sorensen’s relationship ashis close friend and special counsel,Kennedy cannot help but be a val¬uable book for the student of theKennedy years. And since Americastill hungers to relive those years,it was inevitable that it would be¬come the nation’s most popularbook. It is a beautifully boundbook; it is awesome in the scope ofits narrative. Yet it fails to exciteas one could expect, and, more seri¬ously, it fails to live up to its pre¬tentious purpose.Perhaps too much was expectedof Sorensen as a writer. One of thedistinct disappointments in read¬ing the book was the discovery thatthe man who had so much to dowith the quality of Kennedy’s rhe¬toric is really a writer of only mod¬est ability, who resorts on occa¬sion to graceless transitional de¬vices, and lapses into solemn gener¬alizations about Kennedy’s charac¬ter which are, unfortunately, tooobvious to be of interest. He findsit necessary, for example, afterdiscussing Kennedy’s pragmatism,to assure the reader that he had a“strong streak of idealism and op¬timism”, and that he “caredA Thousand Days: John F. Ken¬nedy in the White House, byArthur M. Schiesinger, Jr. Hough¬ton Mifflin Co. $9.00Arthur M. Schiesinger, Jr., thepartisan of the age of Jackson andthe age of Roosevelt, has written atlast a first-hand account of a liberalage in which he has participated:the brilliant, but poignantly brief,Kennedy New Frontier. The formerHarvard history don, who has cap¬tured the spirit, movement, visions,and ethos of the Jacksonian andFranklin D. Roosevelt periodsthrough his incisive historical stud¬ies The Age of Jackson and the yetuncompleted Age of Roosevelt se¬ries, continues his excellent work inA Thousand Days: John F. Kennedyin the White House. In his latestbook, he sharply depicts and per¬ceptively analyzes Kennedy’s threeshort years.To set the stage for his contem¬porary history, Schiesinger remindsthe reader in the forward that AThousand Days is only a “personalmemoir,” written “by one whoserved in the White House duringthe Kennedy years.” Realizing thelimitations of his endeavor, he con¬tinues, “A personal memoir, atbest, can offer only a partial view.The Presidency is such a complexinstitution that only the Presidenthimself can fully know his prob¬lems and purposes. John FitzgeraldKennedy had intended to write thehistory of his administration. Noone else will ever be able to achievethe central, the presidential, per¬spective of these years.” SORENSEN’S KENNEDY...enough about the future never tobe satisfied with the present.” Inan era in which political narrativeis measured against that of Theo¬dore H. White, Kennedy leavesmuch to be desired.In a book which one would ex¬pect to be marked by consistentlygood taste, his concluding tributeto Kennedy as a “big man”, echo¬ing the remark of the Dallas doctorwho saw his lifeless body on a Dal¬las operating table, seems incred¬ibly inappropriate.A more profound question mustbe asked about what Sorensen hastried to accomplish. The book is, asI have said, far more than biogra¬phy, because of Sorensen’s person¬al involvement in Kennedy’s car¬eer. But it is also more than a per¬sonal memoir. Sorensen himselfhas gone so far as to say that hispurpose was, above all else, towrite a substitute for the bookwhich John Kennedy had plannedto write upon retiring from thePresidency. Thus “it reflects,” hesays, “to the extent possible, hisreasons and his thoughts.”This may not seem, at first, tobe so unreasonable a task for onewho knew Kennedy as Sorensendid. It means, however, that hepresumes to know Kennedy’s mindwell enough to record with reason¬able accuracy his thinking on allthe decisions which he has chosento discuss. The question to beraised, then, is whether Sorensenhas attempted to do more than anybiographer or memorist should at¬tempt. One cannot help wonderingwhether Sorensen could really have gained so much insight Intothe President’s way of thinkingthat he can safely make some ofthe generalizations made here. Hemakes a point of the convergenceof both men’s minds in the processof speechwriting, but that is an¬other matter entirely.It does not matter how muchtrust and affection there was be¬tween Kennedy and Sorensen;there remains a vitally importantdifference between primary andsecondary knowledge of Presiden¬tial deliberation and decision. Howdifferent considerations were bal¬anced in Kennedy’s mind is a com¬plex question which would seem torequire more than the recollectionof occasional offhand remarks.This point may not be so relevantin domestic affairs, but Sorensenwas not very much involved in therealm of foreign affairs, exceptduring crisis situations. He admits,in fact, that his accounts of Kenne¬dy’s endeavors in foreign policy“are influenced in part by the acci¬dent of what I was near or whatthe President discussed with me.”The most fascinating pages areprecisely those glimpses of the pol¬icy-making process which are au¬thentic because Sorensen wasthere. His accounts of the delibera¬tions in the Berlin and Cubancrises reveal the kinds of differ¬ences among advisors which com¬plicate Presidential decision mak¬ing, and his accounts of the Viennameeting between Kennedy andKhrushchev is certainly an impor¬tant historical document. His des¬cription of the organization and...AND SCHLESINGER’SBut even with this recognizedhandicap, Schiesinger meets thetest. And the fact that he is writing apersonal memoir instead of a for¬mal history makes his book evenmore exciting. For Schiesinger notonly records and interprets theevents he observed and was ac¬quainted with, but also attempts toportray the intangibles of the NewFrontier such as its ethos and itsbreadth of vision. Since he was aparticipant in the role of SpecialAssistant to the President, he hadaccess to more than the state papersand other historical material; heactively took part in the govern¬ment. His place as a presidentialassistant provided him the super!)opportunity to observe as well as .0act. And his participation, his ob¬servation and, most important, hishistorian’s training have aided mmin writing a perceptive and freshchronicle of the Kennedy years.Three general areas must be con¬sidered when analyzing Schlesing-er’s book: his treatment of theevents, policies and personalities ofthe Kennedy administration; hisconsideration of broad governmen¬tal problems such as the relation¬ship between the presidency andthe State Department; and his dis¬cussion of Kennedy the man andthe president.Schiesinger masters the firstarea excellently. He properly doesnot attempt to cover the pre elec¬tion period except for the develop¬ment of his relationship with thefuture President. But once past election day, he is at ease and hisnarrative flows smoothly until thejarring assassination. Commencingwith the creation of the post-elec¬tion task forces, the President¬elect’s selection of his cabinet andadvisors, and then moving into theinauguration and pre-Bay of Pigsperiod, Schiesinger handles wJlthe transition and the first euphoricmonths of the new administration.The sureness with which the newleadership generation seemed tomaster the complexities of govern¬ment was shaken by the abortiveBay of Pigs invasion in April, 1961;but, as Schiesinger points out, thiswas all part of the gruelling initia¬tion process. Woven throughout hisdiscussion of the administration’sreactions to foreign and domesticproblems and its failures and suc¬cesses is the theme of the Presidentand his staff maturing into the sen¬sitive but cool men they were onthe eve of Kennedy’s tragic death.It is unnecessary to criticizeSchlesinger’s handling of the factssince he does such an excellent job.Nevertheless, a few comments areappropriate. First, Schlesinger’s re¬counting of Kennedy’s diplomaticencounters such as his 1961 Viennameeting with Khrushchev and hismeetings and correspondence withBritain’s Harold MacMillan pro¬vide fascinating insights into thelate President’s diplomacy and alsoare invaluable for historical data.Second, Schlesinger’s vignettes ofpersonages such as Averell Harri-man—the lone New Frontiersmanin the State; Adlai Stevenson— 1procedure of the Cabinet and Na-1tional Security Council, in which !he naturally was involved, is brll-liant and succinct. His comprehen¬sive explanation of what went Awrong at the Bay of Pigs, Mvjfkwhy, is a reflection of long conver¬sations with Kennedy after theevent, as the President began tosort out in his own mind the rea¬sons for the failure.But Sorensen does not alwaygpi^clearly distinguish between the re- ! ,cording of a remark made by the 1President and a conclusion basedon inference. And when he turnsfrom the specific to the generaland becomes historian and inte**k.|preter of Kennedy’s thinking on {foreign policy, he obscures and I *confuses more often than he en¬lightens.Many pages are devoted to thePresident as custodian of the na-lfttion’s nuclear arsenal, with all the Iterrible responsibility implied by Ithat role. But Sorensen’s descrip¬tion of his attitudes toward thearms race, disarmament, and nu¬clear testing is so murky that itincomprehensible. Sorensen writes 'frankly that Kennedy’s interest in idisarmament was at first for prop- 1aganda purposes, and that his at- Ititude later changed. But how is |one to interpret the report thatbegan to believe “gradually and uskeptically” that disarmament was Ireally achievable? IIn a like manner, he describes Ithe President as believing that it Lwas necessary in planning strategygic forces to have, not simply super- \(Continued on page eight) 1whose relationship with Kennedvwas tense and delicate; Lyndon""Johnson—restless, egocentric but * \loyal follower; Robert McNamara -whom Kennedy admired for his :sharp mind; and Robert Kennedy -his brother’s confidant and leading ,cabinet liberal—give an under**"!standing of the relationship I e-tween the President and his men.Third, Schlesinger’s analysis of theaims of American diplomacy afmrthe Bay of Pigs fiasco shows t 2firm grasp the President had of t e ,diplomatic goals he was seeking,notably the detente with the SovetUnion, and the manner in which he .was working to attain these goals.In general, foreign policy is the istrongest part of his work and thefield most extensively dealt with. ,This is natural, since Schiesinger smain area of concern was foreignpolicy, especially Latin Americanpolicy. His background remarks on 1Russian and French diplomacy areenhanced by his historical perspec¬tive. And his discussion of Ameii-can diplomacy toward the ThiulWorld, his treatment of the UnitedStates’ special relationship withGreat Britain and his analysis or*United States policy toward Euro¬pean unity are presented with duecare to the details. In addition, henever fails to make the importantdistinction between White Housepolicy and State Department policy^when such gaps existed.However, Schiesinger is not aKennedy administration apologist.He admits that the President d'd(Continued on page six)4 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW * February, 1966DYLAN: THE LIFE AND THE LEGENDThe Life of Dylan Thomas, byConstantine FitzGibbon.Little, Brown & Co. $7.95.Dylan Thomas died on 9 Novem¬ber 1953 but his legend has livedon. Dylan the roaring boy, the adul¬terer, the drunkard with the angel¬ic voice. And, oh yes, didn’t hewrite poetry? Stories, tit-bits, andcharacter sketches have becomepublic property. There has been aplay about him. A pop-cum-folk (orshould I say a folk-cum-pop) singerhas taken his name. The legend hasbecome momentous enough for Co¬nor Cruise O’Brien to baptize it the“Cult of Dylan’’ as though his lifewere some kind of social phenome¬non. There has been so muchsmoke—enough to provide a screen—that one sometimes doubts theexistence of a fire.But there was a fire, and JohnMalcolm Brinnin has published hisfamous book of Dylan’s exploits inAmerica to diffuse some of its heat.But enough has been said aboutthat book. And ultimately it mostlyadds to the legend. E. W. Tedlock,in 1960, sought to redress the bal¬ance somewhat in his collection ofessays entitled The Legend and thePoet, but much of its contents waswritten by men who avowedlydidn’t know the poet very well and,thus, the total impact is puzzling.FitzGibbon admits that hisknowledge of Dylan also was “assuperficial as was most othermen’s” and thus, as the authorizedbiographer, he had a really toughjob. However, perhaps as a moredistant observer of the poet’s lifethan, say, Dylan’s great friend, Ver¬non Watkins, he was betterequipped to undertake it, because(as the Life so amply shows) to eachof his friends Dylan attempted tobe what each wanted him to be.He was a chameleon, and hisrange of brilliant colours was le¬gion. On one occasion, for example,Dylan told a homosexual he hap¬pened to be talking to that he hadonce had a homosexual encounterwith a Member of Parliament,while all his other friends say thathe had a violent hatred of homosex¬ uals! He probably pame out withthis story to try to make his listenerfeel at home; he was very kind.It is because FitzGibbon does at¬tempt to disentangle the legend andput the many blurred faces of Dy¬lan into perspective that his book isvaluable. And clearly, Dylan musthave been a fascinating characterand we deserve to know more abouthim. Also, for many people, hispoetry is of great importance. Al¬though literary fashions havechanged both here and in Britain,the poetry of Dylan Thomas, at thevery least, is still a profound in¬fluence on most poets in theiryounger, more lyrical days. Tomany, it ;s he, not Yeats, who wasthe last of the romantics. And whencritics and poets speak of his workthey often say “Dylan” rather thanthe formal “Thomas”.. . One of thecauses of the flight away from Dy¬lan Thomas’ poetry was probablythe nature of his life. Thus, a great¬er understanding of that life mayaid the ailing fortunes of his poetry.However, that depends on the ex¬tent to which the biographer at¬tempts that extremely difficult taskof relating the work to the life. Un¬fortunately, Mr. FitzGibbon doesnot centrally concern himself withthis job and this, I think, is a greatweakness.In this respect he does begin bril¬liantly, though. He depicts very wellthe Welsh cultural atmosphere inwhich Dylan grew up, probably—because of his greater objectivity asan American—much better than aWelshman could do it, and certainlybetter than an Englishman. He ex¬plains the bardic second name of“Maries” which Dylan’s father pro¬phetically bestowed upon hif son,and goes into some detail over thepoet’s first name. I think this pass¬age is worth quoting fairly fully, iffor no other reason than its intrinsicbeauty. The name “Dylan” comesfrom a Welsh Gaelic poem where itit written that a maiden was broughtto Math, the magician king, and heasked her if she was a virgin:“So far as I know I am,” said she.He took his magic wand and bent it.“Step over my wand,” said he, “andif thou art a virgin I shall know.”She stepped over the wand, and asshe did so she dropped a fine he-child with golden-yellow hair. The' boy gave a loud cry . . . And Mathson of Mathonwy said: “I shall namethis child and the name I shall givehim is Dylan.” Thus was the golden¬haired boy named, and straightawayhe made for the sea . . . and heswam as fast as the swiftest fish.And for that reason he was calledDylan Eil Ton, Sea Son of the Wave.With names like these how couldhe fail to be a poet!However, in his account of theearly influences on the poet, Fitz¬Gibbon barely mentions Welsh cho¬ral singing because, he said, Dylanalways insisted he had no ear formusic. Since he doubts many of Dy¬lan’s other assertions, I don’t knowwhy he doesn’t doubt this one; it ishard to believe that so rhythmicand sonorous a poet as Dylan Thom¬as would not have been in¬fluenced by the fact that he grewup in a place where virtually everyfactory, pub and mine had its ownchoir. But in every other respecthis handling of the subject is excel¬lent.D. J. Thomas, Dylan’s father,strides through these early chap ters, and his influence on Dylanwas enormous: he read Shakes¬peare to the little boy before hecould understand it and was gener¬ally concerned that Dylan becomethe poet he himself had failed to be.Dylan’s relationship with his fatherwas very complex and FitzGibbonguides the reader through it uner¬ringly. It is a pity that he leavesthe reader to make his own link be¬tween that relationship and Dylan’sgreat unfinished elegy to his father.When the author does make sucha connection for us, it is usually toa single line of poetry and shows, Ithink, a lack of understanding ofthe formal aspects of creating apoem. For example, when he is de¬scribing the way the depression hitDylan’s home town, Swansea, heincludes an anecdote to the effectthat Dylan heard one out-of-workyouth say to another, “Nothing todo here. Let’s join the fascists,”and that this event and the depres¬sion atmosphere found their wayinto the poem “I see the boys ofsummer in their ruin”; he omits tosay that in the second half of thepoem there is a formally com¬plementary line: “The sleepy manof winter pulls.” We could call thiskind of reading into the poems‘biographer’s bias’. Despite this biasit is a pity FitzGibbon didn’t do itmore often, for even when he iswrong his observations are interest¬ing.Observations which are morethan interesting and not wrong arethe accounts of the word games Dy¬lan loved to play with his friends asa boy. He was fascinated by words,by what he called “the colour ofsaying” and enjoyed making poemsby writing alternate lines with oth¬er people. In this way and throughhard reading and practice he ac¬quired the techniques, the craft, ofhis art.From the purely biographicalpoint of view the second half of thebook is disappointing when com¬pared to the first. FitzGibbon beau¬tifully creates the atmosphere ofliterary London during Dylan’scoming of age; he is really good atthe general picture. But the figureswho should wade out of the pagestowards us—for example Caitlin,Dylan’s wife, and Augustus John,the painter—somehow stay wellwithin the confines of print. Forthem one had better go to Caitlin’sown books. Even Dylan, Dylan thechameleon, Dylan the swiftest fish,recedes somehow as he becomesmore complex. FitzGibbon is left re¬peating himself: Dylan, we are toldat least six times, looked to womento “look after him” and that thisoriginated in his childhood depend¬ence on his mother; Dylan, we aretold repeatedly, sought refuge insickness when things got too muchfor him. And of course, Dylan gotdrunk often.FitzGibbon’s style is competentand at times very evocative—forinstance, when he describes theLondon, and especially the Soho ofthe thirties—but at other times heis just plain dull. Worse than thisoceasi'/.ial dullness (and it really isonly occasional) is a tendency tolapse into undefined psychologicalterms luch as “infantilism” andstaunirg generalizations. Thesegeneralizations are perhaps delib¬ erate provocation. He says, for in¬stance, “Since (Dylan) did not goto boarding school, he lacked thehomosexual introduction to sexwhich has been the progression ofmost members of the English mid¬dle class and therefore of most Eng¬lish writers” (italics mine). Some¬times, however, his generalizationsare plain fuzzy thinking (or possiblyhis are a record of Dylan’s own fuz¬zy thinking), as when he says, “Dy¬lan .. . had a marked fondness forJews. Both their quick wit and their‘underdog qualities’ appealed tohim, as they have to so manyCelts.”Sometimes FitzGibbon’s style istruly striking. He continually re¬cords events which seem to be ofvery little importance and thenquite with a master’s touch dropshis grenade. He does this when hedescribes how, despite being a sick¬ly boy, Dylan managed to win hisschool cross-country race and gethis picture in the paper. FitzGibbonthen adds, quite out of the blue,“And Dylan, who lost everything,carried that newspaper photograph,yellowing and dog-eared, in his wal-iet till the day he died.”The book is a very handsome vol¬ume, very dignified. Even the dustjacket is well designed and symbol-mongers can speculate for hours onwhat the colours in the ‘D’ of “Dy¬lan” mean. So, all in all, FitzGib¬bon’s book is worth having. It istruly indispensable to anyone whowishes to try and understand Dylanthe man. But for Dylan the Poet Idon’t believe Mr. FitzGibbon willhave the longest say. Lovers of Dy¬lan as poet will have to wait for thebook which will set fire to him as apoet to be really read by many, toset tongues wagging as DannieAbse, another Welsh poet, said theydid in Wales when Dylan died,when “All down the valleys theywere talking and in the communityof the smoke-laden town.”Mick GidleyMr. Gidley is a first-year graduate stu¬dent in the department of English atthe University of Chicago.Febru&r/, Dfcft • CHICAGO LITERARY RKVISW • fTEXTS AND CONTEXTSCABELL: THE REPELLENT GENIUSIn the twenties Cabell had iteasy. The unbelievably stupid ban¬ning of Jurgen — a book whichwould have appealed to the prurient interest of no one save thecertifiably insane—made his namea household word and his difficul¬ties a cause celebre in the UnitedStates.And now—what? Except for aXanadu press edition of Jurgen, heis out of print (he used to be in theModern Library series, both Be¬yond Life and The Cream of theJest, but he has been replaced bythe short stories of P.G. Wode-house). And out of print, out ofmind. Cabell is now the subjectfor learned dissertations; his nameand his works have been forgotten.And this, to borrow Cabell’s ownphrase, is the cream of some suoer-nal jest—for who had written moreeloquently, more subtly, morebeautifully about the dust and ishes to which man and his work mustsoon come than had James BranchCabell? Ah, he would have laugnedindeed, to see Dreiser’s elephantinetelephone books of novels preferredover his.But if time has passed Cabell by,it has had its reasons. The moderntaste was for the literal and Cabellwrote myth and allegory; the mod¬ern taste preferred the realistic,and Cabell was an incorrigible ro¬mantic; the modern taste liked tohear its lies repeated to it; Cabelltold only the truth We wanted tohear that we were corrupt, bur. Ca¬bell could only say that we wereugly, and thought little the worse ofus for all that.It is paradoxical, perhaps, that hewas a romantic, a writer of mythsand fairy-tales, and yet spoke thetruth. But his truth was not thetruth of his society and his time,but the truth of human nature, andhis heroes, despite the fairy-tale ob¬jects and conventions w'ith whichthey live, have as much human na¬ture as the creations of the most lit¬eral-minded of story-tellers. It isCabell s adherence to romantic con¬vention at work when he has Man¬uel the swineherd receive a call togreatness, to become Dom Manuelthe Redeemer. But Manuel’s reac¬tion when he receives his call is out of life. “But come,” says the mys¬terious stranger who is to changeManuel’s destiny, “is there notsome girl or another to whom youshould be saying good-bye with oth¬er things than words?” “No,” Man¬uel replies, “at first I thought Iwould also bid farewell to Suskind,who is sometimes friendly with mein the twilight wood, but upon re¬flection it seems better not to. ForSuskind would probably weep, andexact promises of eternal fidelity,and otherwise dampen the ardorwith which I look toward tomorrow'....’’ For Cabell, fairy-tales and lifeare very similar: they are gameswith slightly different rules.Cabell knew the truth—perhapstoo much of the truth—about therelations of men and women. He isconcerned in particular with theprocess of falling out of love. In Fig¬ures of Earth (from which was tak¬en the above quotation), Dom Man¬uel is loved by Alianora, a humanprincess, and by Freydis, a demonicqueen. Why does he then comparetheir charms unfavorably withthose of Niafer, a clever but homelvservant-girl? Cabell gives us var¬ious possibilities. Perhaps he wasstupid, or blind, or tasteless. Orperhaps he was very clever: “Hewho does not admire at all is ob¬viously a fool, and not worth both¬ering about. But to him who admits“You are well enough,” and makesas though to pass on, there is amystery attached: and the one wavto solve it is to pursue this irritat¬ing fellow.” But Cabell’s answer isat once simpler and more basic:Yet others declare . . . that DomManuel was so constituted as to valuemore cheaply every desire after hehad attained it. And these say henoted that—again in the inexplicableway these things fall out, — nowManuel possessed the unearthlyqueen she had become, precisely asAlianora had become, an ordinarywoman who in all commerce withher lover dealt as such.And Manuel’s preference for theuntasted servant-girl over tnequeen he had loved is for Cabell areflection, not of his stupidity or ofhis cleverness, but of his humanity.Truth, bitter truth.A writer of delightful fable, aspeaker of ironic truth, Cabell wasalso a poet, a poet in prose. It is oneof Cabell’s conventions in his nov¬ els that when the action hasreached a point of crisis, and theplay of ideas has taken a grave, phil¬osophic turn, the prose becomesrich, counterpointed, assonant. Of¬ten it is of a formality such that itcould be reprinted in line-stanzaform. The following example, takenin full from Figures of Earth, is—ifone takes the trouble to parse it out—in dactylic tetrameter, with slantrhymes.I ride to encounter what life hasin store for me, who am made cer¬tain of this at least, that all highharvests which life withholds fromme spring from a seed which I sow'—and reap. For my geas is potent,and, late or soon, I serve my geas,and take my doom as the pay well-earned that is given as pay to me,for the figure I make in this worldof men.This figure, foreseen and yet hid¬den away from me, glimpsed fromafar in the light of a dream—will Ilove it, once made, or will loathingawake in me after its visage is plain-lier seen? No matter: as fate saysso say I, who serve my geas and gainin time such payment at worst as ishonestly due to me, for the figure Imake in this world of men.To its shaping I consecrate youththat is strong in me, ardently yield¬ing youth’s last gift, who know thatall grace which the gods have allot¬ted me avails me in naught if it failsme in this. For all that a man has,that must I bring to the image Ishape, that my making may livewhen time unmakes me and deathdissevers me from the figure I makein this world of men.It is hard to think of any state¬ment which so precisely reveals theegoism and the selflessness whichare present together in the chival-ric credo. That it is done in nearverse seems almost superfluous, ex¬cept to show Cabell’s mastery oflanguage and style.Cabell’s techniques could not lailto be repellent to the modern taste:how could we reconcile ourselves toan author of an aristocratic habit ofmind, who wrote n allegory, whotold the truth about men and wom¬en, who intruded poetry into hiswry and sardonic prose? But if histechniques were repellent, nisunderlying thought was repugnant.For Cabell was a pessimist, and oneof the deepest dye. He was not con¬cerned with raking up and bringingto light the evils of our society, forto Cabell all societies have theirevils: aristocratic ocieties are un¬fair to the mass of men, and demo¬ cratic societies are unfair to thebest. No, his pessimist went deep¬er than merely the way we choose *to order our lives.Cabell saw that beneath the ener¬gy and bustle of human activitythere lay the void, the emptinesswhich makes all activity ultimatelyvain. In Figures of Earth, Manuel ftpursues honor and ambition untilhe reaches the heights of fame Hebecomes a legend in his own lifetime and a saint after his death—and he eventually sees his fame andglory as utter vanity. In Jurgen, thetitle character pursues justice allover the earth, only to find oi.lvcompromise there—there, and i 1hell and heaven as well. Justice, likefame, is an empty word. In Domnei(“woman-worship”), Perion pursueshis love for the Princess Melicer.tall over Christendom, and finallyattains possession of her—onA tofind her a middle-aged, rather usedwoman. Fame, justice, love—all arevanity, all are empty pursuits. Thefault lies not in societies, but JnThings As They Are, in human na¬ture, which will never be satisfiedwith what it has. And does our pes¬simist have an answer for the manwho knows the vanity of his dreams ^and aspirations? He has—but it isas wry and sardonic as his b.lingprose: one should be a gentleman,go back to his dreams, and lovethem as he had before, for, vain as. Athey are, he has nothing else; theyare the most real and valuablethings in a phony, empty world.Is it any wonder that Cabeli isnot read today? How many of us ac¬tually have the courage to let Inismarvelous mind take us by thehand and show us the meretricious- >ness of the world? Having oncelooked into the void, could we goback, like gentlemen, to Thing*They Are?Clive StaplesMr. Staples is a first-year graduate stu- 1dent in the department of English atthe University of Chicago.(Editor's Note: The author has request¬ed me to append a selected bibliogra¬phy of Cabell in the order he thinksthey shoukl be taken up: Figures ofEarth (McBride, 1921); Domnei (Mc¬Bride, 1920); Jurgen (Xanadu, 1962);The Silver Stallion (McBride, 1926);The Cream of the Jest (Modern Li¬brary, 1922); Bexond Life (McBride,1919).)A THOUSAND DAYS(Continued from page four)not pay enough attention to thegrowing Vietnam conflict, that acommunication gap existed be¬tween the White House and 10Downing Street over the Americandecision to scrap Skybolt, and thatthe President did not exercise ful’power over the Bay of Pigs invasionplanning. But he is sympathetic tothe innovations Kennedy intro¬duced into American foreign policy,such as the movement toward theUS-USSR detente, the Alliance forProgress and the new American at¬titude toward the Third World.Schlesinger depicts vividly Kenne¬dy’s vision and sensitivity in foreignpolicy. The President sensed ^heninnovation was called for and whenno response was the best response. Hence, the administration’s inac¬tion on Berlin met the strategic de¬mands of that issue, while Kennedy’s move to neutralize Laos an ldisengage overextended Americancommitments was essential there.On domestic trends, Schlesingerdescribes well the victory of thepragmatic Keynesian economics inadministration economic policy,especially through the growing ac¬cord between Douglas Dillon andWalter Heller. And his two chap¬ters on the Negro revolution do jus¬tice to that crying problem. Al¬though his account of the adminis¬tration’s domestic program is notlaced with his personal interjec¬tions (as is his foreign policy narrative) and occasionally seemstextbookish in style, Schlesinger paints a solid picture of the domes¬tic goals the new administration waspursuing. The political shrewdnessof the President is evinced whenSchlesinger discusses the hard deci¬sions demanded of Kennedy whenhe had to work for such home mea¬sures as civil rights and anti-pover¬ty legislation with such unstablecongressional majorities.Schlesinger’s treatment of DeanRusk and the general problem ofState Department-President rela¬tions has evoked much controversy.But when the dust settles, mostpeople probably will agree thatSchlesinger’s fascinating analysissheds much light on the conflictbetween the permanent executivedepartments like State and the Pres¬idential staff. Although Schlesing¬ er is a White House man, his de¬scription of the inertia, the banalityand the conventionality of the StateDepartment, and the problems ihePresident had with Dean Rusk pre¬sent graphic examples of depart¬mental lethargy versus presidentialvigor.Through the book, Schlesingercontinuously attacks State with adeadly rapier, leaving the distress¬ing impression that it is ineffectualand nearly devoid of the ability tochange course. For example, in hisaccount of the President’s effort toget State to support the Italian ap-ertura a sinistra, he commented:Our effort in the meantime hadnot been entirely wasted. The lead¬ers of the center-left parties had no(Continued to page ten)6 CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • February, 1966't ur ^CARE AND FEEDING OF RACISTSThe System of Dante's Hell, byLeRoi Jones. Grove Press. $3.95LeRoi Jones is a thirty-one yearold poet, playwright, story-tellerand jazz critic all in one. His firstnovel, The System of Dante’s Hell,is a combination of all these ele¬ments into a very unusual and irreg¬ular book. It is an autobiograph¬ical sketch of the author’s earlyyears, more or less a Portrait of theNegro Artist as a Young Man. Mr.Jones apparently sees himself as ablack James Joyce—he often refersto himself as Stephen Dedalus—and seems to have the same ambiv¬alent attitude toward the AmericanNegro that Joyce showed towardthe Irish.“Hell, within this book,” Jonessays, “moves from sound and imageinto fast narrative...” This quite ac¬curately describes his manner ofcomposition. The first two-thirds iswritten in a staccato prose-poetry(“sound and image”). The author’searly and adolescent years are dis¬cussed, unified only by certainthemes. These themes show the en¬vironment of the author’s Newarkchildhood. His picture concentrateson the unpleasant, the vicious, andthe violent.The scene is well set in the firstfew pages. He describes his dwell¬ing: “A bare bulb on a clutteredroom. A dirty floor full of food par¬ticles and roaches. Lower middle-class poverty. In ten years merely tolose ones footing on the socialscale.” His dilemma is brought outearly: “I feel sick and lost and havenothing to place my hands on.” Thenext hundred pages or so continueslike this, a series of flashbacks,reminiscences; thoughts, and de¬scriptions of the people who in¬fluenced the young Jones.Looking back, Jones finds almostnothing but filth. Amidst this, wesee him in his younger years in aconstant struggle against a societywhich he feels was against himfrom the start. “The old houseswere slums . . Wool for the cold.The old men sold gas heaters and Ikissed Leonore in the hall. Shewent back to the projects and hadsome baby. Leaves blew throughthe empty playground. The big boysbeat the little boys. The sun itselfwas grey.” It was in this depressingand violent climate that Jones grewup. It’s obviously not a very pleas¬ant one, especially for a young and—as he keeps telling us—very sen¬sitive boy.There is also a pervading socialconsciousness. Jones pictures hisfriends and acquaintances as beingcaught in the struggle to betterthemselves. He too often foundhimself taking part in this, thougnit hurts him to admit it now. Some¬where he picked up an education;and somewhere he realized that hewas taking part in the attempt toenter the despised white society“Eliot, Pound, Cummings, Apolli¬naire were living across fromKresge’s. I was erudite and talkedto light skinned women.”The pressure of this style ismaintained for over one hundredpages. It gets very boring, but youdo come out with a definite feeling,the one he wanted you to get. Thrown into this experimental styleare all the devices that he couldthink of playing with, like capitalletters, punctuation, unclosed pa¬rentheses, weird tenses, insertedpoetry, italics, unrelated ideas,unusual spellings, abbreviations,and so forth. The level of the manyimages is highly variable. Some arequite effective, others fall flat, stillothers seem absurd and meaning¬less. All this eventually makes fordisconcerting reading and cutsdown the effectiveness which couldhave been achieved by a moretasteful and limited use of thesedevices.The remaining third of the novel(“fast narrative”) makes for betterreading. The same atmosphere isportrayed, only more effectively.The last story is the most interest¬ing. On leave from the Air Force,Jones and a friend, stationed in theSouth, go to a poor Negro neighborhood looking for entertainment.They are not well received: “Ofcourse the men didn’t dig the twoimitation white boys come in ontheir leisure. And when I spokesomeone wd turn and stare, orlaugh, or point me out. The quickjersey speech, full of italian idiom,and the invention of jews.” The twomen pick up whores, and Jones de¬cides to stay with his. This is themomentary happiness in the book.“Things moved naturally for us. Atwhat bliss we took. At our words.”But he decides to leave, since he isnow AWOL. On the way to the bus,he is met by three Negroes whostop him: “I wanna borrow a dollar,Mr. Half-white muthafucka ” He isbeaten up, and the story ends.Mr. Jones, in spite of being eitherover-experimental or over-poetical,and in spite of the virtually func¬tionless Dante ploy, has done agood job of putting over a dominantfeeling, that the childhood of ayoung Negro artist is a tough one,fixTurey fcj V) Exrhl and that he had many problems todeal with during this period. In theepilogue he says, “Once, as a child,I would weep for compassion andunderstanding. And Hell was theinferno of my frustration.” Therewas no need to tell this: if nothingelse, he has already succeeded inputting forth this feeling—and hehas done no mean job as a novelistin rehashing the plight of theAmerican Negro.Unfortunately, I cannot end here,for there is a second LeRoi Jonesmaking his presence felt through¬out The System of Dante’s Hell.This is not Jones the novelist, butJones the racist. There seems tohave been a second purpose in writ¬ing this novel. Not only are we tosee how the sensitive young Jonescomes out a poet, but he also makessure we see why he comes out a rac¬ist. Early in the book he says, “Iam myself. Insert the word disgust.A verb. Get rid of the ‘am.’ Breakout. Kill it. Rip the thing to shreds.This thing, if you read it, will jamyour face in my shit.” And this isprecisely what happens.But his shit is neither pleasantnor appropriate. Much is lost by theconstant aspersion of America andits Negroes. “For Calvin who hasgrown up thru the pavement. Ahomburg and large cigar. MethodNegro.” This type of defiant bom¬bast is thrown at the readerthroughout Dante’s Hell. Two ofJones’ favorite symbols are jazz(good) and technology (bad):SURE I WAS FRIGHTENED BUTMAN THERE WAS NOT A GOD¬DAMNED THING TO DO. IN THISCONCEPTION OF THE ENTIREWORLD OF TECHNOLOGY WETRACE EVERYTHING BACK TOMAN AND FINALLY DEMAND ANETHICS SUITABLE TO THE WORLDOF TECHNOLOGY, IF, INDEED.WE WISH TO CARRY THINGSTHAT FAR. This reminds me of the linernotes Jones wrote for a recent jazzLP: “In order for the non-whiteworld to assume control, it musttranscend the technology that hasenslaved it. These players [the mu¬sicians, show the way by] transcend¬ing any emotional state the whiteman knows.” And it is like thehero’s major speech to the whitegirl in Jones’ successful playDutchman:But listen, one more thing. Andyou tell this to your father who’sprobably the kind of man who needsto know at once. So he can planahead. Tell him not to preach somuch rationalism and cold logic tothe niggers. Let them alone. Letthem sing curses at you in code andsee your filth as simple lack of style.Don’t make the mistake, throughsome irresponsible surge of Christiancharity, of talking too much aboutthe advantages of Western rational¬ism, or the great intellectual legacyof the white man . . .I concluded that the ethics hewas preaching, or his “shit,” as heso appropriately called it, was anti¬intellectual, anti-white, anti-middleclass, anti-modern, or simply anti-Western Civilization. Hardly whatDante meant by saying that hewrote in the hope of “removingthose living in this life from thestate of misery and leading them tothe state of felicity.”Jones’ Hell is the world of thewhite man. On the auto-biographi¬cal level, he is somewhat successfulin portraying his early struggles.But I doubt that it is the desiredsuccess, for what we feel most forhim is pity! And although the hap¬py moment in the novel is the onein which, he managed to return tothe simpler life of the pre-whiteworld (he was beaten up when hereturned), he cannot—try thoughhe does—leave this world success¬fully to begin to achieve the blacksupremacy he preaches in the epi¬logue:The flame of social dicho¬tomy. Split open down the cen¬ter, which is the early legacyof the black man unfocusedon blackness. The dichotomyof what is seen and taughtand desired opposed to whatis felt. Finally, God is implya white man, a white ‘idea’,in this society, unless we havemade some other image whichis stronger, and con deliverus from the salvation of ourenemies.For instance, if we can bringback to ourselves, the absolutepain our people must havefelt when they came onto thisshore, we are more ourselvesagain, and can begin to puthistory back in our menu, andforget the propaganda of devilsthat they are not devils.I’m sorry, Mr. Jones. I refuse tojam my face in your shit.Brian CormanMr. Corman is a fourth year studentmajoring in English in the College atthe University of Chicago.Ftbruary, 1966 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • 7FLOUNDERING IN A SEA OF MORALSAt Play in the Fields of the Lord,by Peter Matthiessen. RandomHouse, $5.95.We like to think of the novel to¬day as an urbane thing, sophisticatedand suave, a genteel expression ofyour own traumas and tribulations.Our tastes discount anything thatrustically resembles an adventurenovel, where man confronts the unknown terrors of an alien environ¬ment, and dark and unclothed na¬tives appear behind every tree.James Fenimore Cooper has cer¬tainly had more popular days. Thuswe are suspicious when we find thatan avowed naturalist and explorerhas written a novel, not about hisbacklot days in Brooklyn, but aboutthe elemental struggles of an in¬congruous group of people for mor¬al and psychological identity fore¬square in the middle of the Amazonjungle. And suffering under thestigma of novelist-explorer we as¬sume that his literary adeptnesslies more in description of the jun¬gle than in that of the struggles ofthe individual.But such prejudices are not com¬pletely true with respect to PeterMatthiessen’s At Play in the Fieldsof the Lord: the exotic nature of hissetting does not render ineffectualthe moral struggles of a selectedfew characters, whose ethicalequilibrium has been destroyed bvtheir environment. But these few—a half-blooded Indian, a North Dak¬ota fundamentalist missionary, aJewish soldier of fortune, a defiantShaman of the jungle—are just asremoved from the reader as is thejungle in which they act out theirbizarre morality plays. A 1 thusthe only aspect of the novei that iseven close to the experience of thereader is an abstraction of thisstruggle for moral definition andfor identity; it is like trying to illus¬trate in full color plates an editionof Nicomachean Ethics: the end isexceeded by the means. For example, the half-bloodedIndian, the classic instance of al¬ienation in our society, decides thathe really doesn’t belong with thewhite man, begins to make somekind of mystic identification withthe resisting natives whom he hadbeen hired to kill; he finally stripsoff his clothes and goes runninginto the jungle to join them. Hisplan is to establish a great nativefederation to remove the white manfrom the jungle. Unfortunately,however, the natives mistake himfor a hybrid god and, alas, he isunable to find identity with themeither. All this sounds like undueliterary contortion, and it is: Mat¬thiessen’s literary skill is definitelynot imbued with profundity.The virtue of the book is certain¬ly not in its searching overtones onthe human condition. But it doeshave a virtue; it is entirely read¬able. The means that Matthiessenuses does not defeat or save thethematic end; it merely excuses it.This, of course, has a tendency todrop the book back to the level ofmere adventure. But not quite, foreven these contrived struggles, in¬ner conflicts, and the like make forintriguing reading. It is best to ac¬cept it all on one level, that of inap¬plicable moral adventure, and for¬get any attempts at abstraction andintellectual analysis.Matthiessen’s attempt to moralizebeyond the limits of his charactersand plot is really the only glaringfailure. And if we can pretend thathe wasn’t reaching for too much,we can relax and enjoy it as an in¬triguing story tout court, and onefar superior to most of those thatseem to have a contract for movierights on the dust jacket. It is itsvery incongruity, that which ne¬gates any serious attempt at univer¬sality, that renders it so free fromboredom. Will the Indians defeatthe missionaries? Will the goodmissionary succumb to his lustful desires for the bad missionary’sbeautiful wife? Is the Catholicpriest in league with the corruptCommandant? Will everyone getshot by poisoned arrows?These are not facetious rhetori¬cal questions: it is exactly in suchintrigue that the book’s merit isfound. And the texture of the storyis not nearly as tinny as it maysound in extraction. Matthiessentakes it all straight, and so does thereader. It is only when we try to ab¬stract that it begins to resemble a375 page joke. For Matthiessen hasa real skill in actualizing his char¬acters, and a talent for presentingdetails, like the horror and beautyof a tropical rain forest. His style ismuch more refined, complex, andcontrolled than that of most of hispeers. He has the ability, at leastfor the duration of the novel, todraw the reader into the strangeworld he is describing. This worldis a very familiar one for Matthies¬sen, and the ease with which hemoves through it makes us accept itwithout skepticism. If nothing else,the book has an anthropologicaland naturalistic solidity to it. It iswritten with an assurance of factthat could and has come only froman intimacy with the jungle and itspeople. It is almost like a chroniclewith a good plot.Time derisively accused it of justthis, and inferred that Matthiessenwould be better off sticking to hisnon-fiction writings, and leavingnovels to the novelists. But as longas he can lean on his knowledgeand experience Matthiessen is ableto fictionalize quite well. It is onlvwhen he tries to stand without anyprops that his attempts become ri¬diculous. His themes of identity,moral hypocrisy, and primitive no¬bility flounder, and so do his “liter¬ary” efforts to deepen his storyline. There are several pages of as t r e a m-of-consciousness narcoticdream that is nothing but sopho- moric; it pales considerably com¬pared with William Burroughs.The ending, too, gets a bit “liter¬ary”. We have the proverbial sail¬ing into the sunrise on the deathbark, attended by a verbal Wrg-narian crescendo that tries to trans¬form the Amazon into the Rhine.But Siegfried was no half-bloodedIndian, nor was meant to be.Thus it is only when Matthiessendeparts from his adventure formatthat he stumbles and the readergrimaces. His fiction is very close tohis naturalist writing, and in thelatter (Under the Mountain Wall) hewas able to give his chronicle al¬most a lyrical quality, to depictprimitive culture with compassion¬ate understanding and sympathy.In such writing he is entirely suc¬cessful, and in possession of thematerials that would seem to war¬rant his success with the novelform. And it is these materials,brought from his experience as anaturalist writer, that compose thevirtues of At Play in the Fields ofthe Lord.But he overreaches himself andtries to give his adventure an uni¬versal significance that it cannotsupport. In this the novel under¬mines itself and almost causes thecollapse of a good story. Matthies¬sen needn’t turn from the novel andscurry back to depiction of primi¬tive habits and customs, but heshould accept the fact that a noveldoesn’t inherently need grand andprofound overtones, and that he, atany rate, is unable to handle themwith any success. Matthiessen is notgoing to make it big with posterity,and should be content with writingunpretentious but highly readableadventure.Derry L. MalschMr. Malsch is a first-year graduate stu¬dent in the department of English atthe University of Chicago.SORENSEN’S KENNEDY(Continued from page four)lority in numbers, but “a degree ofsuperiority that would. . .convinceall allies and adversaries of thatfact.” The reader is left to ponderhow much superiority is requiredto make superiority obvious and towonder how this notion squareswith Kennedy’s recurrent ques¬tioning as to “just how much nu¬clear power beyond the deterrentlevel was really necessary.” Theconfusion deepens when Sorensenwrites, without further clarifica¬tion, that Kennedy after resumingnuclear tests in 1962, “still haddoubts about the value of his testseries,” but had no such doubtsabout the necessity of the decision.The reader learns that Kennedythought the military governmentsof Latin America “often represent¬ed more competence in administra¬tion and more sympathy with theU.S. than any other group in thecountry,” while many more pro¬gressive civilian governments were“less willing or less able to imposethe necessary curbs on extrava¬gant projects, runaway inflation,and political disorder.” The conclu¬sion to be drawn, apparently, isthat Kennedy was more comfort¬able with military juntas than with fumbling efforts toward democra¬cy. Here the conclusion is not ob¬scure but incongruous, for if Ken¬nedy did indeed believe what is at¬tributed to him here, it would havehad far-reaching implications forthe Alliance for Progress. Yetthere is no indication of any suchsignificance.Again, the reader discovers,without any warning, that thePresident expressed “the propheticfear that an actual nuclear con¬frontation might be required be¬fore Khrushchev understood thatKennedy’s conciliation would notpermit humiliation.” As the re¬porting of a semi-serious offhandremark, this would be interesting,but Sorensen has cited it as evi¬dence of Kennedy’s determinationnot to negotiate under pressure.Finally Sorensen describes insome detail the President’s attitudetoward the tottering kingdom ofLaos. Kennedy is portrayed as det¬ermined not to abandon the U.S.commitment under any circum¬stances. But Sorensen also recallsKennedy’s skepticism at the adviceof those who urged military inter¬vention. And he reveals the factthat a public reference to the prin¬ciple that “extending our commit¬ments does not always increase our security” was made with Laos inmind.The contradiction is resolvedonly when the reader learns thathis policy “combined bluff withreal determination in proportionshe made known to no one.” Here,for the first time, is the suggestionmade that there may have beencertain judgments which the Presi¬dent kept to himself. Until thispoint, Sorensen had proceeded onthe assumption that it was a rela¬tively easy matter to deduce thePresident’s views on any particu¬lar question from a combination ofconversations and public state¬ments. But in this curious accountof the Laotian question, the diffi¬culty inherent in writing the Presi¬dent’s memoirs becomes apparent.Sorensen could have given thereader an insight into the foreignpolicy problems of the President,of course, without claiming some¬thing close to primary knowledgeof his judgements. But it is appar¬ent that Sorensen has underratedthe task of making the subject in¬telligible. The obscurities, contrad¬ictions and incongruities whichmar his narrative suggest that hehas given insufficient thought tothe historical context in whichKennedy operated as President. Undoubtedly, Kennedy’s mindwas divided on some of these mat¬ters. He probably did not have thesame kind of certainty about whatAmerica was doing in the worldthat Harry Truman had fifteenyears earlier. But was this simplya matter of the dramatically in¬creased complexity of the prob¬lems, or was Kennedy’s own back¬ground and character less condu¬cive to such certainty? Withoutreference to the historical context,Sorensen, whose mind is that of afunctionary rather than an histori¬an, cannot comprehend, much lessmake intelligible, Kennedy’s ap¬proach to foreign policy. And thismay be why Kennedy, for all itsself-conscious concern for the sub¬stance as well as the style of theKennedy years, leaves the role ofKennedy as statesman so cloudedand incomplete.Despite the undoubted value ofthe book in its present form, then,Sorensen would have written amore compelling and less ambigu¬ous book if he had limited himselfexplicitly to his own memoirs ofJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy.D. Gareth PorterMr. Porter is a first year graduatestudent in the department of politi¬cal science at the University of Chicago.8 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • February, 1968POLITICS, PARANOID STYLEThe Paranoid Style fn AmericanPolitics and Other Essays, by Rich¬ard Hofstadter, Alfred A. Knopf,$5.95Few people who followed thecampaign of 1964 were not struckby the peculiar mentality of thesupporters of Barry Goldwater. Onthe floor of the convention theyshouted down a man most Ameri¬cans consider a leading spokesmanof the Republican Party, NelsonRockefeller. At another time, arather innocuous and not untypical-ly pompous remark by GeneralEisenhower was the signal for ademonstration of hostility towardthe press uncommon in this erawhen most politically active peopleare extremely aware of the power ofthe news media. Finally, in thepublished propaganda of the cam¬paign itself, the backers of theGoldwater ticket came forth with aseries of arguments which were atbest more inane and at worst moreoffensive than such literature usu¬ally is, even in America. For any¬one suffering from the delusionthat such behavior is a new andhopefully passing phenomenon, thisbook, especially the title essay,should provide a sobering exper¬ience. As Professor Hofstadtershows, the Goldwater mentality issimply the newest manifestation ofwhat he calls the paranoid style, astyle of politics which has its rootsdeep in American history, andwhich has gone through manytransformations, but which is prob¬ably here to stay.The characteristics which takentogether form the paranoid styleare not difficult to isolate. The stateof mind which sees vast conspira¬cies as the motive force behind his¬torical process interpreted as a con¬flict between the forces of absoluteGood and absolute Evil, a conflictwhich must end in the total ruin ofone side and the total victory of an¬other, is the basic quality whichmakes a political paranoid. Theparanoid typically sees himself ?spart of a small group workingthanklessly and feverishly to pre¬serve not ordinary political advan¬tages but whole styles of life andentire civilizations.This book is not a systematictreatise on the paranoid style as ithas operated in American history,but the author hits a number of thehigh spots, many of which are atonce amusing and instructive. Andalthough the essays in this bookconcentrate on the relationship be¬tween the paranoid style and theAmerican right wing, the authorreminds us that this particular stateof mind has found a number ofequally amusing and instructivepractitioners on the left, not a fewof whom have been active in thecurrent debate on American foreignpolicy. Nor is the paranoid styleentirely the monopoly of smallgroups at either political extremeattempting to impose their ideas ona recalcitrant majority. SenatorFulbright has pointed out the rath¬er disasterous consequences of theparanoid fear of communism whichat times has afflicted the presentadministration, most notably in theDominican crisis.The idea that the forces of histo¬ry are in the hands of evil conspira¬cies engaged in plotting the des¬ truction of civilization, especiallyAmerican civilization, has been apermanent feature of American po¬litical life. The first manifestationwith which Hofstadter deals centersaround the reaction in America tothe French Revolution and theideas which in the popular mind,and at least partly in reality, wereassociated with it. In this case wecan see clearly one of the factorswhich have helped to make the para¬noid style such a permanent insti¬tution. That is, although the para¬noid style is always, by defini¬tion, ruled by a high degree of fan¬tasy regarding the dangers withwhich civilization is faced, there isalways at the bottom of it a smallgrain of truth which helps make itcredible to that portion of societywilling to believe that the world isactually in danger.The attack on the French Revo¬lution in America centered aroundthe attacks made by a number ofEnglish and continental publicistson the Bavarian Illuminati, a socie¬ty of Enlightenment rationalistsfounded in Germany during theeighteenth century. There were norepresentatives of this group in America at any time, but therewere a small number of Democrat¬ic-Republican reading societieswhose ideas were roughly similar tothose of the Illuminati. The FrenchRevolution itself, the anti-Illuministpublicity which was reprinted inAmerica, and the existence of a fewgroups with similar views on thiscontinent were magnified into awave of paranoid hysteria whichwas clearly reflected during thepresidential campaign of 1800 inthe opposition to Jefferson whowas, with some justice, seen as aFrench sympathizer.The anti-Masonic activity of theJacksonian period followed thissame pattern, and here too therewas just enough actual Masonic ac¬tivity to give a degree of credibilityto the utterly fantastic claims oftheir opponents, who saw all theircherished American institutions indanger from conspiratorial secretsocieties.The twentieth century saw a fun¬damental change in the way theparanoid style affected our politicallife, a change which reflected someof the basic transformations of ourhistory during this period. During the nineteenth century, the chiefpractitioners of the paranoid stylesaw themselves as the bulwarks ofsociety as it then existed, and sawtheir mission as one of protectingAmerican society from subversiveattacks from without, whether fromFreemasons, Jesuits acting on theorders of the Pope, or what haveyou. The leaders of paranoid pol¬itics in that century saw themselves,as it were, as the establishment.The Wilsonian period, the NewDeal, and its continuation underEisenhower, changed all that. Asclearly seen in the McCarthy Era,the right-wing, and its paranoidspokesman, were, and felt theywere, increasingly dispossessedfrom authority and influence ingovernment. No longer defendersof the status quo, because the statusquo represented creeping socialism,they became increasingly paranoidwhile at the same time becomingreactionary, or in Hofstadter’sphrase, pseudo-conservative. Whileoften employing the rhetoric ofconservatism, and thinking ofthemselves as conservatives, they(Continued on page eleven)February, 1966 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • fSMATTERINGS OF A PROUD SOCIETYThe Proud Tower, by BarbaraTuchman Macmillan. $7.95The &roud Tower is BarbaraTuchman's characterization of Eu¬ropean society in the two decadesbefore it was completely changedby the First World War. After a se¬ries of investigations into the originsof this war, the Russian ForeignMinister said “Enough of this chro¬nology.” Mrs. Tuchman agrees withhim and has not used a narrativeapproach for this history, althoughthe parts of the book in which sheexercises her narrative powers areamong the most interesting andworthwhile chapters.What Mrs. Tuchman gives us is asocial history, that is, one con¬cerned less with the events thanwith the people and societies whichmade the events possible. The his¬torian selects several people andexamines them as representative oftheir times and places. The reader'snimble mind is supposed to gener¬alize whole societies from thesescattered portraits.And a certain nimbleness is re¬quired of the reader of this book ifnot the knowledge of a little factu¬al history, for Mrs. Tuchman’s rep¬resentative figures, men who “ex¬erted their influence on civilizationbefore 1914,” are unusual choices.We all know about Teddy Rooseveltand the Kaiser (or think we do). Tntheir places, the author discussesthe United States using the figureof “czar” Thomas Reed of theHouse, and Germany is representedby Richard Strauss. These seem im¬probable choices, but they are ex¬actly suited to Mrs. Tuchman’s con¬ception of social history, which is totake somebody and collect every wit¬ty anecdote about him, or aboutothers connected with him. The book is, as a result of thismethod, discursive in a bad way,for Mrs. Tuchman often tells a sto¬ry just because she feels like tellinga story. The way Louis Tiffany fur¬nished his house may be represen¬tative of something important, badtaste, say, but it has no busi¬ness in a chapter on Imperial Ger¬many. Perhaps it was comic relief.Mrs. Tuchman seems to alter¬nate her loose, anecdotal chapterswith narrations of genuine interestand power. Thus, discouraged bychapters of anecdotes about famouspeople here and abroad, the readermay feel like quitting for a while atleast to come up for air out of thechaos of little stories, but a new7 sec¬tion of the book captures all thetension of the Dreyfus affair and re¬vives the flagging interest. Thechapters on Anarchism and Social¬ism are especially good; they areshort, well-focused summaries aboutmovements which are difficult totreat this way. Here the anecdotesare useful; we see another side ofthings we might tend to regard asimpersonal. Mrs. Tuchman’s skill asa writer is nowhere more evidentthan in the way she relates all ofEuropean Socialism to Jean Jaures.He providentially died the night ofAugust 1, 1914, the first night ofgeneral mobilization for the war.Perhaps we still feel that theGermans are the bad guys, even ifwe may not have proof. At any rate,the chapter on Germany is the bestin the book, the wittiest and themost informative. We come to thischapter after the excitement of cor¬rupt France and the Dreyfus trialto find ourselves in a world of ho¬mosexual scandals at court and anoppressive air of “Muss-preussen”(obligatory Prussian) in the country.In discussing this morbid state, Mrs. Tuchman does not restrain herwitty nastiness. About dull, strati¬fied German society, she writes:Every German belonged to a Kraiaor circle of his own kind whoseedges were not allowed to overlapthose of the next one. The wife of aHerr Geheimrat or Herr Doktor didnot speak to the wife of a tradesman,nor she to the wife of an artisan.To congregate or entertain or marryoutside of Kreis borders invited dis¬order, the thing Germans fearedmost. Perhaps to compensate for thesocial monotony, some Germans, ac¬cording to one report, ate sevenmeals a day.Or discussing Richard Strauss’pompous bore, the Sinfonia Domes¬tics, which purports to describeStrauss family life, “If this is Ger¬man home life, then German histo¬ry is easy to understand.”The chapter is filled with amus¬ingly gruesome bits of information.The reader learns that an impor¬tant part of the fabled German mil¬itary efficiency comes from theU.S., via the Barnum circus. TheKaiser was amazed at the speedwith which the circus trains wereloaded, and ordered his officers toinvestigate and imitate.It is our consciousness that thewar is going to start tomorrow orthe day after that gives the book itsmost important source of interest.We know now that it made super¬fluous and irrelevant the peopleand movements Mrs. Tuchman de¬scribes. Everything was differentafterward, and this is where the au¬thor falls down. It there are answersto any questions about causes of po¬litical happenings in pre-war Eu¬rope, these causes lie in the socie¬ties, yet Mrs. Tuchman resolutelyrefuses to ask a single question.Her statements about the war arelimited to gentle irony. Thus, dis¬cussing the Second Hague Confer¬ence, which adjourned shortly be¬ fore the war broke out, she con¬cludes her chapter with this para¬graph. “He hoped for further prog¬ress at the next Congress in1915.” So she knows the war iscoming and depends on our knowingit. Simple-minded as it sounds, thisis an important source of suspense,and hence interest, in the book. Wekeep waiting for some questions,some ideas of the author’s.A history can teach, if historycannot. In fact we expect a histori¬cal work to be instructive. We aresuspicious of a history book whichdoes not suggest a point of view aswell as tell facts. And here Mrs.Tuchman is an amateur. Worst ofall, her book is witty and entertain¬ing. But if we suspect this book, itcannot be for the author's imper¬fect grasp of her material. It wouldbe hard to fault her on incorrectdetails.An amateur historian can write agreat history. Macaulay wrote agreat history; history was not hisprofession. But his book lives on,because it is as much a Whig politi¬cal document as a history. Mrs.Tuchman has not committed her¬self to any such point of view.Neither is it impossible to write asocial history using the same deviceas does Mrs. Tuchman, presentingan age through portraits of selectedpeople. Asa Briggs wrote just sucha book in Victorian People. Briggs’book is well written and the deviceworks, because this author writes tofind possible answers. In additionto tackling a too-large range of ma¬terial, Mrs. Tuchman does not evenask questions.David HardieMr. Hardie is a fourth-year studentmajoring in English in the College atthe University of Chicago.A THOUSAND DAYS(Continued from page six)ty anecdote about him, or aboutdoubt from mid-1961 on that achange of administration had oc¬curred in Washington; and, if theysometimes found little evidence of itin the Department of State, theyknew well enough from their ownexperience that foreign offices suf¬fered from cultural lags.While Schlesinger’s characteriza¬tion of Rusk, his continuous ref¬erences to Rusk’s conventionalmind, indecisiveness and banal lan¬guage, and his remark that thePresident intended to replace Ruskin his second term have been calledtasteless, they are appropriate inthe total context of the book. Onlyby understanding how the Presi¬dent felt and how Rusk acted canthe State Department Presidentconflicts be appreciated fully. Tnaddition, Schlesinger is followinghis historian’s task of attempting torecord as accurately as possible themovement of the Kennedy adminis¬tration.However, Rusk and Foggy Bot¬tom are not the only officials andgroups to feel Schlesinger’s blows.The CIA and the Joint Chiefs ofStaff come in for their just share ofopprobrium.In Schlesinger’s portrayal ofKennedy himself, one realizes thathere was a great President. Givenfive more years, his accomplishments would have matched his potential. Kennedy wanted the pres¬idency, and when he attained it, hemastered it. As seen in Schlesing¬er’s book, the most tragic aspect ofthe President’s death from a politi¬cal and historical viewpoint wasthat he died so soon after he hadreached his prime. Commenting onthis point, Schlesinger refers to po¬litical scientist Richard Neustadt ssuggestion “that two years are theperiod of presidential initiation.”He (Kennedy) had had so littletime: it was as if Jackson had diedbefore the nullification controversyand the Bank War, as if Lincoln hadbeen killed six months after Gettys¬burg or Franklin Roosevelt at theend of 1935 or Truman before theMarshall Plan.Like a skilled etcher, Schlesingersharply deliniates the qualities ofthe late President’s character thatmade him great. “The life-affirm¬ing, life-enhancing zest, the bril¬liance, the wit, the cool commit¬ment, the steady purpose”—theseSchlesinger finds in him through¬out his career. They developedthrough the process of maturing.Kennedy had, in addition to his wit,a sense of irony that steeled him forhis arduous task.But most important, Schlesingercould both call for and symbolizethe change and new direction sodesperately needed in public poli¬ cies at the end of the Eisenhowerera. Calling for his country tomove, the President broadened hisappeal to include the world. “Letus,” he appealed in reference to theAlliance for Progress, “let us onceiagain transform the American continent into the vast crucible of revo¬lutionary ideas and efforts—a trib¬ute to the power of the creativeenergies of free men and women—an example to all the world that lib¬erty and progress walk hand inhand.” He could make these ap¬peals, but he also was acutely awareof the obstacles that had to be over¬come to bring about reform. He wasa tempered, pragmatic idealist.Through his carefully cultivatedimage and style, he sought to edu¬cate and carefully guide public opin¬ion to accept the changes in Ameri¬can life and policy he felt necessary.Summarizing the accomplish¬ments of the Kennedy era in his fi¬nal paragraphs, Schlesinger pointsto the nuclear test ban, “the aboli¬tion of nuclear diplomacy, the newpolicies toward Latin America andthe third world, the reordering ofAmerican defence, the emancipa¬tion of the American Negro, the re¬volution in national economic thinking, the concern for poverty,the stimulus to the arts, the fightfor reason against extremism andideology.” But more crucial thanthe tangible deeds were “the ener¬gies he released, the standards heset, the purposes he inspired, thegoals he set (that) would guide theland he loved for years to come.Above all he gave the world for animperishable moment the vision ofa leader who greatly understoodthe terror and the hope, the diversi¬ty and the possibility, of life on thisplanet and who made people lookbeyond nation and race to the fu¬ture of humanity.”“It ended, as it began, in thecold,” Schlesinger writes. Kenne¬dy’s tragic assassination in Dallasmight lead one to believe that hisbrief presidency was futile. But nosuch picture emerges from thebook. Here was a President whopossessed the rare attributes ofgreatness of character and mind sonecessary for the wise use of pow¬er. It is Schlesinger’s triumph thathe so deftly portrays them.Bruce F. FreedMr. Freed is a fourth-year studentmajoring in history in the College atthe University of Chicago.10 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW > February, 1966FOWLING UP THE NOVELThe Magus, by John Fowfes.Little, Brown & Co. $7.95.When The Collector came outthree years ago, most of the review¬ers, including myself, were notquite sure what to make of this newnovelist. Fowles could handle theEnglish language well enough, andhe could construct an interesting ifartificial plot, but his characterswere mere puppets. The most en¬couraging aspect of The Collectorwas that Fowles seemed to be play¬ing with themes which, if he couldonly develop them properly, wouldnot be out of place in a great novel.After The Collector, Fowles disap¬peared for three years to work on aBig novel, and the critics were leftwaiting to see what would emerge.Well, w'hat emerged was a six-hundred page monstrocity calledThe Magus, titled after the card inthe Tarot pack, dedicated to As-tarte, and complete with epigraphsfrom De Sade and The Key to theTarot. What is really wonderfulabout the book is not that it is sobad, but that it is bad in so manydifferent ways.The plot, which is supposed torecord the maturing of one Nicho¬las Urfe, is too thick in spots, toothin in others, and is improbable inthe worst way. It begins, conven¬tionally enough, with Nicholas’picking up Alison Kelly, an Aus¬tralian girl. The acquaintance blos¬soms into an affair, which Nicholasruins with his egoism and stupidity.The lovers break up, and Nicholas,at loose ends, takes a job teachingEnglish at a school on the Greekisle of Phraxos. So far, so good.It is on Phraxos that mysteriousevents begin to occur to Nicholas.He meets Maurice Conchis, the ma¬gus of the title, who keeps a weirdmenage into which flit gods, god¬desses, sylphs, and devils. And allfor the purpose of tantalizing Nich¬olas. Urfe’s efforts to get to thebottom of the mysteries at Conchis’estate take up the lion’s share ofthe book. At first, they seem super¬natural; then, a masquerade; laterthey are “explained” by the princi¬pals as a psychiatric experiment an¬alyzing Nicholas’ neuroses, in ascene resembling a black mass; lastof all, it is hinted that the mys¬terious figures are actually the pa¬gan gods of Greece.In the last few pages of the nov¬el, Alison (who seems to have hadsome strange, unexplained relation¬ship with the strange events on theI island) is reunited with Urfe, pre-j sumably never again to part.(Continued from page nine)i actually feel unhappy writh the wavsthings are going, dissatisfied withthe current state of society and gov¬ernment, and doubtful about theprospects for the future should pre¬sent trends continue — attitudeswhich are the antithesis of conser¬vatism in the classical sense.Dr. Fred Schwartz, who seesI* Communist takeover in orIbefore 1973, combines the true para¬noid perception of conspiracy withJthe apocalyptic vision of the col-jlapse of civilization, which is thejreal hallmark of the style. In thisIsame vein one might mention■Welch’s famous accusations of[Eisenhower as an agent of that con¬spiracy. The motion from realism to fan¬tasy and back again is not the onlyimprobable thing about the plot,although the alternate “truths” weare presented about the island giveone the same feeling of cheap sen¬sation as Stockton’s tale “The Ladyand the Tiger.” We are also neversure that Urfe has “matured”enough to merit Alison’s love, forhe never seems to change fromstart to finish. In another book, wecould take such a change on faith,but the author has fooled around somuch with the reader’s sensibili¬ties, and he has switched assump¬tions so often, that the reader is fi¬nally unwilling to believe anythingwhich is not dramatized.Most damning of all is the lack ofbalance in the novel. The Nicholas-Alison love story, which is the“main” plot in terms of the novel’sstructure, takes up less than tenpercent of its length. Over fivehundred pages, on the other hand,are devoted to Nicholas’ mystifica¬tion on Phraxos, which, howeverinteresting the author might makeit, is only a sub-plot.This lack of balance affects otheraspects of the novel. Alison, theheroine, appears only in a fewpages, and as Fowles neglects to in¬dividualize her in the short space he allots her, she remains a lay-fig¬ure. One cares about her only be¬cause she is a desideratum of Nich¬olas’, not because she is interest¬ing in herself. And the same is trueof most of the characters in the nov¬el: they are either not shown usfor very long, or a mystery is builtaround them which makes themopaque to the reader’s eye. Theonly fully developed characters areUrfe and Conchis, and only the lat¬ter is finely drawn. Poor Nicholas,even though he tells the story, ishardly a memorable character offiction.Add to these faults a certain“cute” pretentiousness. In the scenewhen the “demons” reveal them¬selves as psychologists, we are treat¬ed to the following act of intellec¬tual exhibitionism:... I cocked my wrists around andgave them the double V-sign . . .Lily spoke, leaning forward. “It isthe upward movement that carriesthe signal, Dr. Kretchmer. Mr.Churchill’s victory sign was with thehand reversed and static. I mention¬ed it in connection with my paperon ‘Direct Anal-Erotic Metaphor inClassical Literature’.”“Ah, Yes. I recall. Ja, ja.”Conchis spoke to Lily. "Pedicaboego vos et irrumbo, Aureli pathici etcinaedj Furi?"Lily: “Precisely.”One might wonder why one needPOLITICS, PARANOID STYLEThe willingness to set a date forthe triumph of one’s enemies is not*however, a twentieth century inno¬vation. One William Miller, (not tobe confused with the gentleman ofthe same name who some readersmay recall ran for vice-president onthe Goldwater ticket) predicted thatthe combined sins of mankind andthe subversive activities of thePope would culminate in the end ofthe world on October 22, 1844—which, so far as I know, was a daylike any other.The paranoid often runs the riskof being discredited by his ownpredictions. One of the chief Gold-water publicists, Mrs. PhyllisSchafly, claimed that a conservativeRepublican who ran on the issues, such as Goldwater, could not fail towin, but that for thirty years before1964, the Republican conventionshad been under the subversive gripof such sinister figures as ThomasDewey and his Eastern king-makc-rswho had repeatedly sold out theparty for their own purposes. Gold-water ran on the issues, and Mrs.Schafly has not been heard from.If one wonders what keeps theparanoid right-wing in business, weneed only recall an observationmade earlier. Behind every para¬noid fantasy there is a grain oftruth which makes the whole thingbelievable to those willing to be¬lieve. As Hofstadter points out, anywar, and any active foreign policy. bring in Churchill, a non-existent“psychological” paper, and a classi¬cal reference (Catullus XVI, ifyou’d like to look it up) in order toexplain an obscene gesture mean¬ing roughly “Up yours!”And all of this is rather a pity,for Fowles again in The Magus, asbefore in The Collector, shows thathe really could write a good novel ifhe would stop indulging his whim¬sies. For Conchis, enigmatic as hismotivations may be, is as strongand true in his words and actions asany character in Dostoyevsky. Andhis climactic speech to Urfe abouthis experiences during the Nazi oc¬cupation is worthy of Camus:... I realized, close to him, what hadhappened to his mouth. It had beenburnt, not simply bludgeoned orkicked. I remembered that man withthe iron stake, the electric fire. Theyhad broken in his teeth and brandedhis tongue, burnt his tongue rightdown to the roots with red-hot iron.That word he shouted must finallyhave driven them beyond endurance.... It was eleutheria: freedom. Hewas the immalleable, the essence,the beyond reason, beyond logic, be¬yond civilization, beyond history. Hewas not God, because there is noGod we can know. But he was aproof that there is a god we cannever know. He was the final rightto deny. To be free to choose. He orwhat manifested itself through him,even included the insane Wimmel,the despicable German and Austriantroops. He was every freedom, fromthe very worst to the very best. Thefreedom to desert on the battlefieldof Neuve Chappelle. The freedom todisembowel peasant girls and cas¬trate with wire cutters. I mean hewas something that passed beyondmorality but sprang out of the very jessence of things—that comprehend- !ed all, the freedom to do all, and Istood against only one thing—theprohibition not to do all.And yet this speech, and the scenefrom which it is taken—strong,♦moving, unaffected—are not cen¬tral to the novel; they are scarcely•even important in its development,t Which, then, is the real Fowles:the affected pedant displaying thecrumbs of his knowledge, or thetalented wordsmith, capable of thevery best in literature? The Magusis a terrible novel, but, like The Col¬lector, it gives this reader cause forhope rather than doubt. The Collec¬tor showed Fowles a master of plotand dialogue; here, at least in theperson of Conchis, the authorseems to show the ability to createa memorable, three-dimensionalcharacter, and fully developed, ifunoriginal ideas. It’s just a matterof putting two and two together.James BranchMr. Brunch is a first year graduatestudent in the department of Englishat the University of Chicago.will produce a certain number ofexamples of sheer incompetenceand questionable judgment. For ex¬ample, the scholarly debate goes ontoday over whether the decision toinvade Normandy in 1944, or tobomb Japan in 1945, were the rightdecisions. Where most people seaincompetence, poor judgment andbad luck, however, the paranoid seesconspiracy and treason. It is a polit¬ical mentality which has alwaysbeen with us, and, barring unto¬ward occurrences in 1973, is likelyto be around for some time tocome. John GraftonMr. Grafton is a fourth-year studentmajoring in history in the College atthe University of Chicago.February, 1966 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • 11THE SPY WHOLen Deighton. The Billion DollarBrain, G. P. Putnam's Sons. $4.95Despite occasional flirtations,marriages between literary signifi¬cance and financial success are ex¬tremely rare. Once a writer stum¬bles upon a cache of cliches whichreally click, he is apt to boost thesupply to meet popular demand bvwriting the* same novel over andover, raking in the cash withoutcontributing anything new. Suchwas Ian Fleming. Vladimir Nabok¬ov, on the other hand, apparentlybelieves that once a novel is fin¬ished, it is best to start a new one.He consequently suffers from theinfidelity of readers, who, not find¬ing in his other novels what theyhad expected from Lolita, hardlybother to give them a try. One writ¬er, however, who seems to havefound at least a temporary way toattain popularity without prostitu¬tion is Len Deighton, whose latestnovel, The Billion Dollar Brain, is aremarkable blend of old ingredi¬ents into a radically different dish.Fans of Funeral in Berlin andThe Ipcress File will not be disap¬pointed. The unnamed narrator,who made those novels so refresh¬ing with his deft verbal glitter andwit, spiced with icy cynicism, isback with his expected unexpectedmaneuvres: who else would disabletwo opponents by putting a laxativeinto their coffee? And we still find,in a hero of perfectly human self-preservatory cowardice, that oddpresence of a chillingly flippant ac¬ceptance of the inevitability ofdeath: “I kicked at his leg but al¬most overbalanced. Ivan smiled.There was blood on his mouth buthe kept smiling because he had themachine gun. Boy-wonder karateexpert, I thought, and I hoped thatmy sister would get the hi-fi andthe record collection; some of theGoodman discs were valuable.”In many ways, the humor of thisnovel is even greater than that ofits predecessors. The plot centersaround egg smuggling, for reasonsnot always comprehensible. Evenmore remarkable than the mainline of the novel, however, are thedigressions. The diatribe againstcaraway seed, with which “Granny”Dawlish, the narrator’s boss, inter¬rupts an important conference, isbut one example; more significant,but no less amusing, is the follow¬ing insight into the background ofSigne, female Finnish spy:Signe’s father was one of the brainsbehind the invention of the atomicbomb. After the war it affected him.He felt guilty and became very mo¬rose and all he wanted to do was tolisten to Sibelius. Well, they werequite a wealthy family so lie couldafford to have an orchestra along tothis enormous house they had inLapland and he would just sit andlisten to Sibelius all day and allnight. Sometimes there would benothing to eat in the house and thisorchestra would still go on playing.It must have been terrible for Signebecause her mother was in an ironlung.Juxtaposed over the humor, weare treated to the expected high-velocity plot. The narrative tech¬nique that Deighton has developedcontains a remarkable kind ofbreathlessness: events are neverrelated in slow motion to allow thereader to follow. When the actionaccelerates, sketchy descriptionswhip past, with the details filled inonly later on when there is a lull.The reader is thus reduced to the role of confused and underprivi¬leged outside observer, for thosewho are actively involved in what isgoing on are too busy to explain.The reader is often, therefore, insuspense when no one else is.Beyond this guts-and-whipped-cream surface is Deighton’s soberside, a severe critique of themechanical conformity and false¬ness of the sixties. He pictures agrotesque world in which realityperversely mirrors imitation, inwhich people learn seduction bywatching movies and absurd es¬pionage rituals are derived fromnovels. H>s criticism is expressedthough quips and aphorisms, forDeighton is aware of how easy it isto be bogged in banality when deal¬ing to straightforwardly with suchwell-worn topics. But his humorbites hard, and the book can there¬fore be a depressing, as well asamusing, adventure: “The WestLondon Air Terminal is stainlesssteel and glass, like a moderncorned-beef factory. Passengers arefelled, bled, eviscerated and packedfirmly into buses watched by menwith wheelbarrows and dirty bootsand red-eyed girls who pat theirhairdos and tear up colored piecesof paper.”While these elements are allmore or less present in Funeral inBerlin and The Ipcress File, TheBillion Dollar Brain incorporatestwo radical departures which set itin a far different class.The first of these is political. Themajority of spy novels are nour¬ished by clearly defined concepts ofgood and evil. In the Fleming nov¬els (after Casino Royale), eachcharacter fits squarely in one ofthese categories. In fact, evil is notonly definable, it is distinctively rec¬ognizable too: the politics (andhence, the moral value) of each in¬dividual can usually be identifiedon his initial appearance. Life thusbecomes so simple that the unex¬pected double cross is about as rareas a flat-chested heroine.Writers like Le Carre and Deigh¬ton, playing to the sophistication ofan audience aware of the elusivenature of political truth, haveavoided this simplified dichotomy.Rather than assign right and wrongto ideologies, their novels havetended to become, if not apolitical,at least non-dogmatic. According toDeighton’s first two novels, it is sui¬cidal (in espionage, at least) tochoose your allies on a political ba¬sis. You must be willing to workwith or against anyone at all: thesole guide is the effectiveness ofyour relations in attaining immedi¬ate ends. Even this is not sure-fireif your ends are political, since thestructure of deceit of the occupa¬tion is so intricate that you can nev¬er be sure of tne ultimate results ofyour actions. “So if you are indul¬ging in a little extra-curricular es¬pionage, remember that you mightbe working for your ideological en¬emies. Take a tip from the profes¬sionals; do it just for the money.”This criterion of pragmatism isuseful only for the characters in thebook, of course. The reader, whohas no goals related to the charac¬ters, must find some other basis ofjudgment. In this way Deightonforces us to react to these people aspeople, rather than as symbols ofpolitical ideologies or as tools for personal fulfillment. To emphasizethis, he creates one of his most at¬tractive characters in the enigmaticSoviet Colonel Stok, who quotesBurns, repeats anti-Soviet jokes,and, always smilingly secretive, re¬mains intellectually three jumpsahead of everyone else.Deighton’s apolitical pose, how¬ever, totters momentarily in thisbook, which does make one explicitpolitical judgment. The force ofevil, to be sure, is hardly Fleming-esque. In the first place, it is hazyand indefinite, although none theless real. Secondly, it is neither thetraditional villains (the Soviet Un¬ion and Germany) to which he turnshis attention, nor to the purelysymbolic. (Except as a symbol ofpure evil, SPECTRE has little morespecific political relevence than afairy-tale witch). Deighton is farmore controversial—his bad guysare independent American right-wing extremists.The leader, General Midwinter,has established a vast espionagenetwork co-ordinated by a compu¬ter (hence the clumsy title), withthe objective of organizing a free¬lance war to overthrow the SovietUnion. Although the political ex¬change between the narrator andMidwinter is characterized by clich¬es on both sides (is Deighton paro¬dying debate and demonstrating thefutility of verbal justification of anypolitical system?), it does have thevirtue of presenting a problemwhich, although old, is seldom en¬countered in this literary genre:I was weary of war and sick of hate.I was tired, and frightened of Mid¬winter because he wasn’t tired. Hewas brave and powerful and deter¬mined. Polities was simple black-and-white toughness—like a TV western—and diplomacy was just a matterof demonstrating that toughness.Midwinter was formidable, he movedlike a flyweight levitated by his con¬fidence, he had all the brains thatmoney could buy and he didn’t haveto look over his shoulder to knowthat plenty of Americans were march¬ing behind him with side drum, fife,and nuclear big stick.But although Midwinter is clear¬ly evil, Deighton knows that knowl¬edge of a particular evil is inade¬quate as a solution to our problems.He therefore wisely limits this dis¬cussion, being content to make hispoint and stop, thus saving his nov¬el from degenerating into a politi¬cal tract. Instead, he departs onceagain from the framework of hisearlier novels to devote most of thisone to an oblique consideration ofmore general and difficult ques¬tions.The world, as Deighton sees it,has gone mad. Man is so incapableof coping with its complexities andhorrors that his state verges on in¬sanity. “Every night America goesto bed thinking that when theywake up tomorrow there will be noRed China. They dream that theRussians will have finally seen rea¬son. Time, Life, and Reader’s Di¬gest will all have Russian languageeditions, and Russian housewiveswill be wearing stretch pants andworrying about what kind of gasstations have clean toilets andwhether Odessa will buy the Mets.”Deighton’s concern, however, isnot with these deluded, but ratherwith members of the minority whosense the vast irrationalities of life.They reject these simplified day¬dreams, but concerning its replace¬ment, they are divided. First are the innocents. Inno¬cence is defined as knowing thatyou can do something, as opposedto experience, the knowledge thatyou can’t. This is infused with akind of youth (spiritual, not chron¬ological) and idealism, althoughhardly a pacifist variety: as spies,murder is their vocation. They areidealists in a broader sense: theyhave some values which, perhapsabsurd, are constant. (“He couldcheat, steal . . . even have his boysattempt to kill me, but he couldn’ttell a lie on his honor. Harvey’s hon¬or was important to him.”) Theybelieve that something positive canemerge from human activity, thatlife is not hopeless. Harvey Newbe-gin, an ex-American agent whomight be termed the real hero, be¬lieves in potential improvement sodesperately that he leaves his bur¬densome wife and tries to defect tothe Russians, with the naive hope ofsettling down with Signe, starting anew life, and finding happiness.That this is an inversion of hisgrandfather’s route (he left Russiain search of a new beginning—hence his name, which he adoptedupon entering the United States)ironically underlines the futility ofhie oclinnThe experienced cynics includethe narrator and Stok. “What’struth,” asks the former, “except auniversal error?” Both are aware ofthe frustration of individual idealis¬tic acts (such as Harvey's defection)—and Harvey’s corpse is tangibleproof that they are substantiallycorrect.Yet although facts and eventssupport them, both men sense aninadequacy in their theories. Theyenvy, perhaps nostalgically, Har¬vey’s idealism. The narrator tries,unsuccessfully, to convince us ofhis incurable optimism: “In the lastact of La Bohemc I’m still thinkingthat Mimi will pull around.” Stok ismore explicit: he regrets that socia¬lism has been purged of the en¬thusiasm and purity it had in thepast. Are they searching for theirown ideals to neutralize the bur¬dens of cynicism, or are they rem¬iniscing over their youth? Althoughthey don’t know why, they do feeldissatisfied with what they have.Toward the end of Deighton’s vi¬sion of a screwed-up world, comesthe inevitable question of responsi¬bility. After the narrator shovesHarvey under a bus in Leningrad,he watches the ensuing hysteria:I wanted to comfort the driver. Iwanted to tell her that it wasn’t herfault. I wanted to explain that shewas just a victim of circumstanceswhich she couldn’t possibly have a-voided. But as 1 thought about it Ithought that perhaps it was her fault.Maybe it was Harvey who was thevictim of circumstances where thedriver and a few million others donothing to cure a mad world inwhich I am proud of myself for be¬ing on my side, and I despise Harveyfor his code of honor and telling thetruth.Like the others in the book, thequestion of responsibility remainssuspended. As the narrator pointsout, “There were always loose ends,unless you faked the report up.” Inthis sense, The Billion Dollar Brainis certainly not faked up.Peter RabinowitxMr. Rabinowitz is a first-year gradu¬ate student in the department of Slaviclanguages and literatures at the Uni¬versity of Chicago.12 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • February, 1966Letters to the editor* *1 'rilicizes Maroon story;10'theft'accusation madeOTHE EDITOR:journalism is a hard enough job^without having to do psychiatriccasework as well. If the Maroonfeels it must provide outlets forj pathological distortion that is quiteall right with me, as long as I get* f a chance to reinsert some reality^TTo'the discussion.’ Of course I did not ever say thatwe all knew Bernie was a thief.What I did say was, in reply tocharges of prejudicious use of par¬liamentary procedure, that we allknew Bernie was a lousy parlia¬mentarian, but that is hardlygrounds for impeachment. I contin¬ued on to argue that I thought itthardly an important issue if the^president of the SG had takensome liberties with loans, since itwas clear that he had returned allmoney, and that no one, notreven the makers of the motion toimpeach, had accused him of theft.Further, I argued, no one hadclaimed that anyone had been ma¬terially harmed by these practices.It just so happens that I calledfor a clear statement of thecharges against Grofman beforethey had been allowed to come be¬fore the SG; that only then wasShelton permitted to introduce, forall the public to see, his brand ofpettiness. Interesting I should beI seen as the villain of the rug-(/sweeping, whitewashing piece.* ha**- -rA'.ld no, I never was threatenedwith the publication of a myste¬rious letter, nor would I havecared - not believing the SG isroute to anything in particular Icould hardly have public interests1 or images of myself to be con-* cerned with.(ith these facts clarified, per¬haps we can all put on our longpants and talk about the poor oldstudent government. I thought thediscussion of the so-called chargeswould be foolish - and indeed it hasbeen. You will recall that the even¬ing this all came about was one inwhich the student government wasto discuss the fate of the College.tfTthis setting it is unfortunate buttrue that the immediate once againgored the important, and we nevergot to the important issue. Earlierin the evening, as the group wason the verge of passing a motioncondemning all hours for all wom¬en relevance and importance cametcTo close to realization - SG re¬ferred it for more work.The point is this: in these timesthe minimum expectation oneshould have from a student gov¬ernment is that it devote itself todemocratizing the university; to^, rultinn public that which is nowprivately decided: to insist thatstudents are afforded the same lib¬erties as citizens, and evenmore; to be willing to use allmethods of nonviolent persuasionand coercion to attain these goals. In the words of the Latin Americanstudents landmark document, theCordoba Manifesto, the goal of thestudents'should be to “rid the Uni¬versity of the concept of authori¬ty,” to replace it with reason andlove, and to take seriously thechallenge implicit in being (what itis not now) a government. That isthe least we should expect. Moreand better would be a student gov¬ernment competently and legiti¬mately participating in the formu¬lation of new ideas about curricula,teaching techniques, the integra¬tion of the functions of knowledgediscovery and knowledge transmit¬ting.In short, our times are too revo¬lutionary, our needs too immedi¬ate, the human possibility beforeus too great, for me to care onewhit about the way one B. Grof¬man pays his phone bill. We havea world to build, a university torevolutionize, a society to confront.Let’s get on with it.BOB ROSSMadalyn Murray articlea religious experienceTO THE EDITOR:Your interview with MadalynMurray was the finest article everprinted in the Maroon in the threeyears I have been reading it. If sheis ever invited to speak at the Uni¬versity of Chicago, this should bedone in the spring, for audienceaccommodations would require useof Stagg Field.RICK MARTINEZTHIRD-YEAR UNDERGRADUATE SG responsible lor poll,not us, says Dean WickTO THE EDITOR:Mr. Harry Perlstadt’s letter onJanuary 7 (“Administration flunksout in public openion survey”)jumps to its easy conclusion some¬what hastily.“The Administration” is not res¬ponsible for quite all of the foolishthings that students have to put upwith.The particular questions abouthousing that Mr. Perlstadt says“defy logic” were conceived byyour friendly Student Governmentand included in the census card atits request.WARNER WICKDEAN OF STUDENTS Students aid voter driveFour UC students spent their Christmas vacations workingas voter registrars in the small southern community of Mann¬ing, South Carolina.Fred Eggan and Bruce Millies, second-year Collegestudents; Bruce Bowman and Tom *IM briefsEntry blanks will be going out shortlyfor the following activities: indoortracks badminton, and free-throw-con-test.Alpha Delta Phi won the fraternity ta¬ble tennis championship, with Hender¬son N, Shorey S, and 5400 playing offfor College house championship.League basketball is entering thestretch with Tufts S. Sleepers, Maulers,Psi Upsilon, and Phi Psi leading intheir respective leagues. Other leaguesare locked-up in tight battles withoutany standouts for championship.Handball deadline for first round playcompletion is January 27."I have nothing whatsoeveragainst destructive, as op¬posed to constructive, criti¬cism. Constructive criticismtells you how to do it better,while destructive criticismmakes you wonder whetherit's worth doing at all."George ReedySpecial assistant to Pres¬ident Johnson and agraduate of UC.Paganini Quartet to give concert tonightThe Paganini Quartet will pre¬sent a concert at UC at 8:30 pmtonight in Mandel Hall.The concert is the third of six inthe chamber music series present¬ed by the department of music.The Paganini Quartet derives itsname from the instruments itsmembers use—all made by Stradi-varius over 200 years ago and allonce in the possession of the 19thcentury violinist, Niccolo Paganini.The quartet is in residence onthe campus of the University ofCalifornia at Santa Barbara.The concert program will in¬clude: Haydn ..Quartet in D Major,Opus 20 No. 4.Prokofieff Quartet No. 2in F Major, Opus 92.Webern ....Five Pieces for StringQuartet, Opus 5.Beethoven ... .Quartet in F minor,Opus 95.A limited number of stage seatshave been made available to ac¬commodate the heavy demand fortickets.Admission is $3, general andfaculty; $1, UC students. Ticketsmay be purchased at the concertoffice, 5802 Woodlawn. Donaldson, graduate students, andLeverett Millen, a Penn State Uni¬versity student, volunteered theirservices under the auspices of theNational Association for the Ad¬vancement of Colored People(NAACP).MANNING, the county seat ofClarenden county, is a small townof about 2,000 people. Of the totalClarenden county population of 32,-000, three-quarters are Negro.Clarenden county was the sceneof one of the five cases that led tothe 1954 Supreme Court schooldesegregation decision. The courtruled that integration should pro¬ceed “with all deliberate speed.”After twelve years, Manning’s pub¬lic schoosl are still segregated.The students started by canvass¬ing for eligible Negro,voters andgetting them to the post office toregister. In the evenings they heldmeetings with the neighborhoodteenagers, which soon led to plansto integrate the local library, someof the restaurants, and the movietheater.WITH A small group of Negroes,they succeeded in peacefully inte¬grating one of the restaurants. An¬other served them, but afterwardscharged them 75c for a glass ofmilk, and eight dollars for a ham¬burger and sandwich meal forthree persons. No menu was pro¬vided, and no prices were posted.A third restaurant said that ithad no room and would be filledfor a long time.The theater posed a greaterproblem for Negroes had neverbeen allowed to sit in its down¬stairs section.After being turned away the firstnight, a group of seven returnedthe next night to picket. The fivewhite students and two local Ne¬ groes were arrested for disorderlyconduct. They were convicted thefollowing week and are out on ap¬peal bond.The day before the conviction,the theater-owner told them he hadvoluntarily decided to integrate thetheater. A small group of Negroesand whites attended the movie thatnight.THE NEXT evening a group ofabout twenty attended. During theshow the lights went on, and aboutthirty whites entered the theater.Several of the integrationistswere beaten, but no one was badlyhurt. The police arrived a while la¬ter and restored order. The theat¬er-owner was among those struck.The following week, after thestudents had left, there was alarge attendance of Negroes in thedownstairs section. Two Negroboys were fired from their gro¬cery-store jobs for participating inthe theater integration. A group oflocal Negroes picketed the store inprotest, without any arrests or in¬cident.AS OF three weeks ago, Negrocitizens were allowed to patronizetwo of the town’s small restaurantsand its movie theater . The pricesare still prohibitively high in one ofthe restaurants, and no Negro en¬ters the library except to sweepthe floor.PIZZA PLATTER1508 Hyde Park Blvd.KE 6-6606 KE 6-3891Delivery .25TABLE SERVICEPIZZA AND ITALIAN FOODSANDWICHES1/2 FRIED CHICKENFRENCH FRIES COLE SLAWROLL A BUTTER$1.50 University Theatre PresentsFRI., SAT. $2, SUN. $1.50STUDENTS 50c OFFMl 3-31135424 S. Kimbarkwe sell the best,and fix the rest^ foreign car hospital Shapely Shirts for MenYou should not expect to buy the very best shirt for only $4.00,but you do expect to buy a good one. A shirt that looks goodafter months of washing and wearing. That is what you willreceive if you buy a Shapely shirt. It is a fine shirt at a moderateprice. All styles and colors only $4.00.MENS DEPT.The University of Chicago Bookstore5802 S Ellis Avenuer ^MARRIAGE and PREGNANCYTESTS! Blood Typing & Rh FactorF SAME DAY SERVICEi Completa Lab EKG * BMR FACILITIESHOURS: Mon. thru Sat. * AM • 10 PM1 HYDE PARK MEDICALLABORATORY5240 S. HARPER HY 3-2000 THE WORD FROM THE BIRD:QUALITYThe Max Brook Co.CLEANERS - TAILORS - LAUNDERERShas served the Campus with Unexcelled Qualityand Service Sine* 19171013-17 East 61st StreetAcross from Burton-Judson Ct. Phones: Ml 3-7447HY 3-6868 SPECIAL SALELast Two Days — Today and TomorrowSWEATERS50> OFFBROKEN STYLES & COLORSBnttrn and (ftampualas the New Hyde Park Shopping Center1502-06 E. 55th St. Phone 752-8100January 2», 1966 • CHICAGO MAROON • 7Reedy InterviewJohnson special assistant airs viewsWhat does LBJ’s former press secretary think about pres- which he has a deep personal In-idents, newspapermen, and other assorted creatures? Reedy mentioned education spe-George Reedy, who is now a special assistant to President cifically as one of LBJ’s deep con-Johnson after serving as his spokesman to the public, discussed whichtopics ranging from Vietnam to Al- — the people of his area of Texasger Hiss Tuesday night for a gath- Although there are a number of rose from a low standard of livingpositions on the war now being dis- in a large part through education,cussed, in the US, Reedy does not The office of United States Presi-think there is “at this point a real- dent, Reedy observed, is notering of MAROON staff members.REEDY GRADUATED from theUC College in 1938 (“the second jy strong, concerted opposition to matched in any other country, sincegraduating class under the ‘New the war.” it combines the prestige of a headCollege’ ”), after taking part in He remarked that there has been afheaadVVgovetrnmeentP°nSlbilltieS °*such activities as writing for a lib- some opposition to every war in „WE pRQBABLY load more oneral political magazine called which the US has been involved, ^ presi(jent than any other leader“but right now most people are be- Qf the free world because 0urs ishind the President. not a parliamentary government,THE COST of the war effort willnot deter Johnson from pushingdomestic legislation, Reedy alsosaid. In his budget message, Reedymagazine“Soapbox.”For almost twenty years Reedyhas acted in some capacity as as¬sistant to Johnson, who firsttapped him while Reedy was cov¬ering a Johnson-chaired committeefor the United Press.Since he was forced to undergoan operation on his feet last year,Reedy has shifted to a desk job,aiding the President in such mat¬ters as steel negotiations, appoint¬ments for federal offices and civilrights.IN RESPONSE to questions onthe Vietnam war, Reedy pointedout that if the North Vietnameseever indicate they are ready tonegotiate on any terms, “Therewould be no subsidiary problemsthat would interfere.”He said that this statement in¬cluded the “problem” of negotiat¬ing with the Viet Cong. where the prime minister is drawnout of parliament,” Reedy pointedout.“A prime minister shares au-commented, Johnson “has indicat- thority with his cabinet ministers;ed what he’s going to push; all in our system every executive offi-these programs are on problems in cer is an agent of the president.Experimentation in one act by Chekhov,O'Neill to initiate UC Theatre schedule Musk reviewModern music failsLast Friday seemed to be a day with virtually nothing tooffer but twentieth century music. Yet, In spite of this excess,one was presented quite a difference in musical styles betweenthe Chicago Symphony Orchestra and UC’s ContemporaryAs expected, the Chicago Sym- - ■ —■phony presented the “conserva- sic antipathetic would be to \irSsr-}tivc’1 side of the picture. Guest state the case considerably,conductor Gunther Schuller, a not- What the composers unfortunateed composer in his own right, led enough to be represented on thethe premiere of a newly commis- program seemed to be intent onsioned work, his own Gala Music, doing is to nihilistically break alland it proved to be quite a rousing the rules of music set down overnovelty. As seems to be customary centuries, and to cause a greatwith modern symphonic music, the deal more trouble than their musicheavy artillary of the percussion is worth both to mystified au-was emphasized strongly, as were diences and to critics whose job itthe percussive elements of the oth- is to write intelligently about sucher instrumental sections. utter nonsense.WHAT SCHULLER has attempt- BU^ ENOUGH. I have betrayeded. essentially, is an exploration ot ■W*1'f " an 'm*baah«1the virtuosic and timbral ranges of £ "h“ “ “n,bl'fthe solo instruments ot the orehes- he "»8n.tude of that whteh I.tra. His unconventional tonalities ,h' record, .let me de-are achieved both by treating in- |*rlb« tht Proceedings in layman .strumental sections a wholes andby playing various soloists off , L"‘» Dallapiccola was rep.against each other within a sec r"e"ted by hj? <••«!« Cam. forlion Often the results are bizarre B,r"°ne *nd E'»M ,n*'ro™n,‘-«j , „ K ♦ (l„.„ „„„ was Luciano Berio and Chamberand cacaphonous, but there are .. . _’*u- Music for Soprano, Clar.not, Cell-UC’s oldest theater series, To¬night at 8:30, will be the first eventof the winter season for UniversityTheatre.It will include three one-actplays, student directed, and of anexperimental nature. The threeplays are John Millington Synge’sclassic Irish drama, Riders to theSea; Eugene O’Neill’s story ofBOOKSSTATIONERYGREETING (ARDS******THE BOOK NOOKMl 3-75111540 E. 55th ST.10% Student Discount Publishers Remainder SaleContinuesMany fine titles remain atOne-Third to One-Half Off Original Prices.The University of Chicago Bookstore5802 S. ELLIS AVE.JEFFREY THEATREWednesday and ThursdayFebruary 2 and 3Exclusive ShowingAN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE OF THENATIONAL THEATREOF GREATBRITAINThegreatestOthello evertoy tlie greatestactor of our time.LAURENCEOLIVIER'OTHELLOA B.H.E. PRODUCTIONALSO STARRINGwwoucr d svANTHONY HAVELOCK-ALLAN and JOHNbrabourne-stuariburge PANAVISION'TECHNICOLOR-FROM WARNER BROS.FEATURE TIMES2:00-5:15-8:30Student Discount Rates for 2:00 & 5:15 PerformanceStudent Rates $1.25NO SEATS RESERVED sections, such as the massive Fi- and Harp. Substantially, botnwhaling men, He; and Anton Chek¬hov’s The Bear (sometimes knownas The Boor or The Brute).Tonight at 8:30 will be presentedFriday, Saturday and Sunday, at8:30 pm, and on January 28, 29 and30 and February 4, 5, and 6.Tickets are $1.50 with .50 studentfaculty discounts for members ofany area schools. nale, in which Schuller treats the . V,’. , ., . .... ... works musical content was theorchestra in a manner strikingly , fsimilarly to that of the contem- *am?’ excePl Jor in® tact mat me_ . _ . . ... baritone spent most of his timeporary French master of this spentcrooning like a bilious pigeon. Thatgenre Oliver Messaien. While it is ^ 7 H 8not a work to be reckoned for its ^'Vrr'v 3*"*™ “profound musical ideas. Gala Mu- ,hI”L*"d Jr°y£fdi" ^. , . , i made them even more ludicrous,sic does succeed as a study in or- YPMimi WYNFR't c*rana>l.rhpstral sonorities and balances YEHUDI WYNER 5 Serenadecnesirai sonorities and oaiances, provjded somc diverting moments,and as an orchestral tour d. f.r«. |acking on|y musira| "jdeas ^One doesn t often hear of Sergei onjy Work to rise above these she-Rachmaninoff as a symphonist nanigans somewhat was Easleythese days, and yet he published a Blackwood’s Fantasies for piano,great many first-class works be- While Blackwood did pound on thesides THE prelude and THE piano piano unmercifully, dredging upconcerto. An excellent example is some awful dissonance, there 'Washis Third Symphony, composed rel- least some sort of emotionalatively late in his career. As is momentum generated by this. Butcustomary, the brooding and som- there were some parts whichber atmosphere so prevalent in his sounded like Chopin’s Heroic Polo-music is depicted in his own typi- naise played with the music papercally romantic harmonic idiom, upside down.Rachmaninoff, for all his predilec- All in'lftt, it’s really a shametion for the piano, was still a mas- that such really fine musicians' asterful orchestral technician who Shapey and the CCP membersunderstood the various instruments should waste their time on suchand could write colorfully without trivia. It’s interesting to rememberresorting to extreme dissonance. that when Tchaikovsky’s ViolinRALPH SHAPEY, music direc- Concerto received its premiere, thetor of the CCP, however, dismisses critic Hanslick referred to it asGunther Schuller as a “gimmicky bringing the tonal art to the statecomposer.” Obviously then, the in which “music stinks in the ear.”program that the CCP offered Fri- After hearing the CCP’s displayday evening was supposed to illus- last week, my only reaction is thattrate “pure” music by today’s new Hanslick’s comment came aboutwave of “honest” composers. To seventy years too soon,call my reaction to this sort of mu- Ed ChikofskySEEJ THE NEWDATSUN FOR ‘66Check In At Your DATSUN DealerToday-Check Out In A DATSUN✓JSee the famous “Four-Ten" 4-dr. Sedans & Station Wag¬ons $1606 and $1860, and the fabulous SPL-311 Sports Carscomplete for only $2546. Drive these new DATSUNS and seewhy DATSUN-owners make up the fastest growing importedcer list in America today.(hkagoland DATSUNSALES — SERVICE - PARTS9425 1 ASHLAND AVE. * Revert, mmCHICAGO, ILLINOIS 40620 PHONE 239-3770• • CHICAGO MAROON • January 28, 1966Theater reviewEagles Mere production of Six Characters a successSix CharactersIn Search of an AuthorEagles Mere Associate*at Harper TheaterDirected by Alvina KrauseEnglish Version by Paul AvilaMayerCharacters: _ . +1Frank GalatiMother ’ SarajaneLevyStepdaugher ....Judith Barcroft<^on Vance JefferisBoy ... Edward ClintonGjrj Tina GunisMembers of the Company:Director Frank ManuellaActors:Leading Man ... Russel LundayLeading LadyJosette WeddingfeldIngenue Annette MayJuvenile John BrittonCharacter ManMichael GriswoldCharacter Lady. .Karen JohnsonSecond Leading ManPeter CoffieldSecond Character ManMichael WintersFirst Stage ManagerFrank ChewPrompter Eug ne BrazanyStagehands. Robert FrenchRichard KovaraStagedoor man..Dennis ParichyThe Eagles Mere Associateshave begun their new theatri¬cal venture with a skilled pro¬duction of Pirandello’s SixCharacters in Search of an Author.Alvina Krause's company is im¬pressive in every respect.The play is supremely appropri¬ate for the debut of a new repetorytheater, because of the theatricalmetaphor it employs. After show¬ing us a group of rehersing actors,Pirandello introduces a family ofcharacters “searching” for anauthor to embody their story. Withall of the raw materials of drama-actors, characters, author, and aud¬ience, Pirandello embarks on anexaminotion of the interplay ofillusion and reality, art and life,emotion and restraint. As theauthor releases the violent storylocked in the characters, theseJoseph H. AaronConnecticut MutualLife Insurance Protection135 S. LaSalle St.Ml 3-5986 RA 6-1060BOB NELSON MOTORSImport CentreComplete RepairsAnd ServiceARMidway 3-45016052 So. Cottage GroveYou won't have to put yourmoving or storage problemoff until tomorrow it youcall us today.PETERSON MOVINGAND STORAGE CO.12655 S. Defy Ave.646-4411 passion* reverberate against theactors, craftsmen of illusion, andagainst the audience, the arbitersof justice.BUT PIRANDELLO doles outreal passions drop by drop to theonlookers. The family’s story un¬rolls not in sequence, hut in shuf¬fled points of view. The basic plotis this: an illegitimate daughterturns prostitute to support her fam¬ily because her father has diedand her stepfather knows nothingof their situation. She meets thestepfather in a whorehouse, but isrecognized “in time.” The familyreunites.This is the situation in whicheach character is suspended at thebeginning of the play. Each mem¬ber now sees the other as a staticpersonality, caught forever in asingle moment of time. The Motherlongs for her Son, the Son for inde-pendance. The Daughter and theFather live suspended in the hell ofimpending incest. The Young Sonhovers in the instant before sucideand the Child flounders in the firstgasp of perpetual drowning.“THIS IS reality,” the Fatherclaims at one point—a reality thatis found in any instant of frozentime, reality that is never modifiedby changing relations. What weevade through our slippery connec¬tions is caught here. We evade itat our peril.Pirandello's acting troupe tries to portray tha family’s story, butof course they can only crudelyimitate. The family remains tohaunt the theater with their uncon¬summated tragedy.The staging is faultness. Thelighting, for example, is used mostingeniously. Bold gels create moodand take advantage of shiftingpoints of view, as well as thechanges within each character’smind. Orange-red plays over theDaughter’s and the Father’s lust,for example, while the Mother sitsin white and the Son in cold blue.As long as the Daughter taunts theyouth, he stays in the blue, rein¬forcing her picture of him. Butwhen she needles him into res¬ponse, as he speaks he crosses intothe white area of “truth.”THE PRODUCTION is full ofsuch subtly perfect details. Thestage pictures are always well bal¬anced, the blocking always mean¬ingful. There is no use looking forsloppyness—there isn’t any. Every¬thing is crystal perfect.The crystals are periect in them¬selves and perfectly arranged onstage, but at times they are notquite fused together into a whole.Nothing is missing, but there is afaint smell of death in the intricateperfection of it all. Like Pirandel¬ lo’s actors, certain scenes brushagainst the ghost of reality.Individual performances are notaffected by this, however. The playis brilliantly acted throughout.Three characters carry the bruniof the action. The Daughter Isflambouyant, passionate, and un¬yieldingly erotic. Judith Barcroftcommands the stage and the au¬dience when she speaks andmoves, swinging through her widerange of emotions smoothly andwith incredible speed. Her laugh isdynamic enough to emerge as thecentral symbol of the play—mock¬ing, open, passionate.FRANK GALATI plays the fa¬ther as the part demands—withtight movements, strangled pas¬sions, and volubile explanations.Thus he does not have the physicalfreedom of the Daughter, butmakes up for it with the drivingquality of his speeches.The Director is the link betweenthe characters and the actors, aswell as the audience. With superbnaturalness, Frank Manuella con¬trols the rhythm of the play bybreaking in with matter-of-facttone when the family reaches theclimax of each “scene.” He mustmaintain the middle range betweenthe characters, who are true but unrealistic, and the audience, whoare more real, but more maskedthan the actors.Six Characters goes on the boardsagain on February 1-6. It is toogood to be missed.Folk festival setComing February 4th, 5th, and6th is the Folklore Society’s annualpresentation of the Folk Festival.The program will include a widerange of American folk music—from unaccompanied ballad andbluegrass singing to rural andrhythm and blues.Highlighting the Saturday after¬noon show will be urban and rural,and negro and white gospel music.Other special events planned forthe weekend festival include eve¬ning concerts, workshops, lectures,a film, a folk and square dance,and a hootenany.For further information concern¬ing the folk festival, contact thaoffice of the Folklore Society, MI 3-0800, ext. 3567 or Box 57, FacultyExchange.SAMUEL A. BELL"Buy Shell From Belt**SINCE 19264701 S. Dorchester Avo.KEnwood 8-3150“I knowall aboutGeneral Electric.They maketoasters and irons ■ &“Right.Thingslike the world'smost powerful jetengines, the world’slargest turbine- #generator, the ¥world’s firstMan-Madediamonds.Things like nuclearpower plants,suitcase-size Tcomputers anda whole new familyof plastics.” i '-> : r-v■ \L::~£? -\Z."Yeah, yeah. Things like that”Only about one quarter of G.E.sales are in consumer goods. Allthe rest are in industrial, aerospaceand defense products.A variety of products (over200,000 in all). A variety of activi¬ ties (everything from research anddevelopment to advertising andsales). A variety of challenges foryoung men who want to be recog¬nized for their talents and rewardedfor their work. Important responsibilities cometo you early at General Electric.Talk to the man from G.E. aboutcoming to work for us.This is where the young men areimportant men.7h>gre$S Is Our Most- Important ProductGENERAL^ ELECTRICJanuary 28, 1966 • CHICAGO MAROON • fki > lifeRevue review Theater reviewABCs are too tried and true Earnest "wildly bad n“Poor Richard’s’1? Well maybe not; maybe just “Medio¬cre Richard’s.” “Poor Richard’s” is the name of a cabaretin the Old Town area: it is not very easy to find at 1363Sedgwick, a street where the police cars cruise slowly. ItIs a typical Old Town establish*jnent, with the appropriate dark, “Little Orphan Annie” aside, Still-woody atmosphere, and it is at man knows a good thing when hepresent the home of a new satirical sees it. It’s a proven formula,fevue called The Little Ones? SO HE gives us six adults whoABC's, written, directed, and pro- mimic the antics and attitudes ofduced by Jack Stillman, a ubiqui- little children in such topics as sextous fellow who also acts in it. (always good for a laugh when seen“Poor Richard’s” indeed! in kids), President Johnson (al-NOT THAT the show is a com- ways good for a laugh), protestplete failure. How could it be? marchers (“Down wTith anythingStillman has made use of tried and you say”), commencement ad-true formulas, formulas that have dresses, LSD, funerals, and, ofnever been known to fail. He has course, sex. These topics, and atried so hard to prevent boredom few others, represent the contentsby varying satirical monologues, of 26 skits.dialogues, songs and duets with We meet a large variety of sex-more serious, even poignant pieces starved girls, from the one who—why, he has even included pieces can’t fall in love to “your neigh-that have no recognizable relation borhood nymphette” who comes onto the ostensible theme of the pro- with an all day sucker and a storyduction. It would be most ungrate- about the new game her “Uncleful of us to condemn such hard Humbert” has taught her. Wework. meet the boy of eight who goes toMost of the skits concern chil- Harvard and has a pretty frustrat-dren. Stillman has recognized with ed sex life. We meet “Annette,”unusual prescience the humor to is tired of playing a sweetbe drawn from satirizing the teenager in the movies and longsmores of adult society in the to go into striptease,mouths of babes. “Peanuts” and BUT DON'T imagine that it is allAMERICAN RADIO ANDTELEVISION LABORATORY1300 E. 53rd Ml 3-9111-TELEFUNKEN & ZENITH --NEW & USED-Sales and Service on all hi-fi equipment.FREE TECHNICAL ADVICETape Recorders — Phonos — AmplifiersNeedles and Cartridges — Tubes — Batteries10% discount to students with ID cordsSERVICE CALLS - $3Half-price tocollege students andfaculty:the newspaper thatnewspaper peopleread. • •At last count, we had more than 3,800 news¬paper editors on our list of subscribers to TheChristian Science Monitor. Editors from allover the world.There is a good reason why these “pros” readthe Monitor: the Monitor is the world’s onlydaily international newspaper. Unlike localpapers, the Monitor focuses exclusively onworld news — the important news.The Monitor selects the news it considersmost significant and reports it, interprets it,analyzes it — in depth. It takes you further intothe news than any local paper can.If this is the kind of paper you would like tobe reading, we will send it to you right away athalf the regular price of $24.00 a year.Clip the coupon. Find out why newspaper¬men themselves read the Monitor — and whythey invariably name it as one of the five bestpapers in the world.The Christian ScienceFOC U SThe Christian Science Monitor1 Norway Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116Please enter a Monitor subscription for the name below.I am enclosing $ (U. S. funds) for the periodchecked. □ 1 year $12 □ 9 months $9 0 6 months $6NamAStreet. „ Apt./Rm. #.City.. State. Zip.□ College student.. . Year of graduation.,□ Faculty member v CN-6SCHICAGO MAROON • January 28, 1966 that unified. In spite of the title, itis not all about kids. There is asnappy number about choosing acoffin, and there is a really goodsong (not by Stillman, but by a tal¬ented man named Bill Wilson)called “The Blues are Gone.”And there is a good deal of slap¬stick too! A duet with a giganticsoprano and a tiny baritone singinga love song, at the end of whichthe little man jumps into the armsof his partner who lugs him off thestage to gales of laughter, and theoffstage voice lauding the “devel¬opment of the modern male” whilethe most ungainly of the compa¬ny’s men prances around the stagein a ballet skirt.DOES ANY of this strike you assomewhat callow? It might well doso. There is not much in it that canreally be called original, or evenvery topical. But never mind. Withthose old, tried formulas the showcan’t fail; it might be stale, itmight be obvious, it might be trite—but it can never sink! Who willdare to say that the tried formulais the tired formula?As far as the production itself isconcerned, there is a bit too muchfrenetic backstage nervousness vis¬ible to the audience—never a goodpolicy; the performances are tooheavy-handed; And really, there istoo much on mugging to be reallyappropriate for light-weight humor.Some potentially good scenes areruined that way.Gerry Fisher The Importance of BeingEarnest at the Last Stage isa wildly bad production. Themany small slips are not asdisturbing as a basic misinterpre¬tation of the play itself.In his comedy of mannered emo¬tions and ardent wit Oscar Wildetoys with the dandies of 1890 Lon¬don. From Lady Bracknell’s socialmajesty to Cecily’s bucolic inno¬cence, from Algy’s weary cynicismto the moral pedentry of the Rev¬erend Chasuble, W7ilde cataloguesevery pose. When danced throughhis trifling plot, these social typesbecome bubbles of exquisite noth- lighted cigarette In the same handlNor would Wilde have envisionedAlgy picking his teeth with histongue through the whole first act.Somebody obviously thought thatbutton-down-collars were the per¬fect complement for Jack’s lateVictorian costume. Where Jack wassupposed to hide while changinghis clothes in the garden betweenacts two and three is beyond me.Perhaps we should think of him inhis drawers behind the rose bushfor the play has no break in timethere.ingness.BUT NOTHINGNESS can belively. To keep his bubbles frombursting Wilde breezes them alongwith a pace and a passion thatholds our attention. The audiencemust never have a chance to getits balance. The verbal wit mustflash too fast for reflection. Thecharacters are quick and sensitive.Their feelings are so refined, so fil¬tered, so naiTowly channeled thatthe smallest social niceties balloonto gigantic proportions. For thesecreatures the choice between tea¬cake and muffins becomes a per¬sonal crisis.Be Practical!Buy Utility Clothes!Complete Selection ofboots, overshoes, Insulated skiwear, hooded coats, longunderwear, sweatshirts,corduroy "Levis”, etc. etc.Universal Army Store1364 E. 63rd ST.PL 2-4744OPEN SUNDAYS 9:30-1:00Student discount with od The Last Stagers had all Wilde’swords, but none of his style. Thepace lagged throughout. Slow Os¬car Wilde is like leftover cham¬pagne. It’s unmistakeable, but allthe sparkle is gone. The wit is fool¬proof, even in reading. But theLast Stage played with joylessmirth. The actors trotted out theirmemory work like salesmen recit¬ing lines while reflecting on Godknows what. Attentive direction could havespotted and corrected 90 per centof this production’s defects. Thepace could so easily have beenstepped up in a few line rehersals,though building intense characteri¬zations might have taken moretime. Lady Bracknell should comeacross imposing, not Sterile. Ceci¬ly’s innonence could have been vi.tal, instead of the simpering gushshe presented.A FEW bright spots did standout. The settings were delightfullyclean and simple, the Gilbert andSullivan overture fitting. MissPrism built a lovely little climaxthat forced suspense in the finalact, even though she blew a crucialline. Earnest and Gwendolyn com¬plemented each other especiallywell in their proposal scene, gath¬ering between them the sparklacking when they played againstother characters.fAKCAM-V&NCHINESE . AMERICANRESTAURANTCANTONESE ANDAMERICAN DISHESOPEN DAILYVI AM. H f:4f fMORDERS TO TAKE OUT1311 East 63rd ft. MU 4-1062 THROWING AWAY lines wasonly half the story. Intensity wasnowhere to be found. No one had aglimmer of the flare needed tomake Wilde’s artifice plausible.Without this more-cultivated-than-thou tone both the suspense andthe satire collapsed. Aimless block¬ing and languid gestures added tothe general flabby tone.But if the overall impact waslimp, at least it gave the audiencetime to catalogue specific flaws. Inthis play, polished appearance iseverything, but on the Last Stagedozens of faults marred the sur¬face. This company has shown itselfcapable of top rank opera semi-professional drama this season.But Earnest is a great disappoint¬ment, particularly since it comeshard on the heels of an excellentUnder Milkwood. After learning toexpect exciting work from the LastStage, I am sorry to see produc¬tions grow sloppy. This companywould not have made ignorant mis¬takes; they should not have madecareless ones.Edward Hearne> * . 11SURELY JACK should not haveheld cucumber sandwiches and a Abner J. Mikva, currentlychairman of the judiciarycommittee of the IllinoisHouse of Representatives andfive-term state representa¬tive, will appear at a politi¬cal action meeting sponsoredby Campus IndependentVoters of Illinois (IVI) Mon¬day, January 31, at 7:30 pmin the Ida Noyes library.mmm. IRANDELLBEAUTY AND COSMETIC SALON5700 HARPER AVENUE PA 4-2007Air-Condition!nf —- Opsa Evening* -— Btitle Trogania, Manager***Liberal Arts ConferenceBOOK SPECIALThe following five titles have been selected by the Officeof the Dean of the College as appropriate to the Confer¬ence and we offer them during the conference at these"Special Prices" on our Special Sales Table.Normal Prlc* Liberal ArtsConference PriceJohn Dewey, Experience and Education(Collier, $.95)Jacques Maritain, Education at the Crossroads(Yale Y15, $1.25) $ .65$ .85A. N. Whitehead, The Aims of Education(Mentor MP373, $.60) $ .40J. H. Newman, The Idea of a University(HRW, $1.25) $ .85R. M. Hutchins, Education for Freedom(Ever, $1.45) $1.00See other titles by campus authors and Conference partici¬pants now being featured in our display window.The University of Chicago Bookstore5802 S. Ellis Ave. STUDENT S FACULTY SPECIALSALE10 to 20°/<> DiscountSANDALS - HANDBAGSMADE TO ORDERSal* extended to Feb. 5thAD LIB STUDIO1422 E. 53 ST.DO 3-3819UNIVERSITYNATIONALBANKmrn strong batik99NEW CAR LOANSas low as375~:»54 EAST 55th STREETMU 4-1200W.LCUNIVERSITY5ARBERSHOP1453 E. 57th ST.fivb barbersWORKING STEADYFLOYD C. ARNOLDproprietor , JESSELSON’Sf^ James Schultz cleanersV CUSTOM QUALITY CLEANINGSERVING HYDf PARK FOR OVER SO YEARSWITH THE VERY BEST AND FRESHESTFISH AND SEAFOODPL 2-2870, PL 2-8190, DO 8-9186 1940 t. 53rd 1363 EAST 53RD STREET: PL 2-9662SHIRTS-LINENS-TAILORING10% Student Discount with I.D. CardWeekendft!• ; Vi.• • •••I ANDERSON'SBULKO SERVICE STATION[701 S. COTTAGE GROVE BU 8-9269Specializing in Quick andCourteous serviceFINEST GAS AT LOWEST PRICES~~SmedleysOH HARPEROPEN FOR LUNCH12 NOON OLIVER TWIST53rd & HarperFeaturing'ibR FEATURINGTHE MAROONSTEAKBURGER & BEER$1 00 Now ServingComplete Breakfasts,Lunches and Dinners Hyde Park's Newest InnovationA Charcoal Broiled Sandwich & DinnerZsMR. PIZZAS?eC WE DELIVER — CARRY-OUTSHY 3-8282FOR THE FIRST TIME IN HYDE PARKDELICIOUS BROASTED CHICKENAlso Ch. Broiled Hamburgers s°°'cPIZZAFor 2 Fer I Per 4 Per 4 PartySausage 1.50 2.00 3.0# 4.00 5.00Mushroom ...1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00Groou Popper ...„ 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00Anckovio 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00Omn or Garlic 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00Tuna Fish or Oliva 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00Chaesa 1.25 2.00 2.50 3.50 4.50Vi Odd Vi 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00Extra Ingredients 50 .50 1.00 1.00 1.00Pepperoni Pixxa 2.00 2.50 4.00 5.00 6.00Shrimp 2.00 2.50 4.00 5.00 6.00Bacon ... 2.50 4.00 5.00 6.00Coney Island Pixxa 2.50(Saiiaft, Mushrooms and Peppers) 3.00 5.00 6.00’\ ■ N 7.00 Box of Broasted Chickon20 Piecas, Golden Brown16 Piece*, Golden Brown10 Pieces, Golden BrownBAR B-Q RIBSSHRIMP, PERCHSPAGHETTIMOSTACCOLIRAVIOLISandwiches:BEEF, SAUSAGE.MEAT BALL Jk1465 HYDE PARK BLVD.Opee 7 Days a Week — 4:00 p.m. to 2:00 Frl. to 3:00Sat. ta 3:04 a.m. — Opaa 2 p.m. Suedaye"Eugene O'Neill is the foremost dramatist in the American theatre because no one has anything like his abilityto delve into and appraise character, his depth of knowledge of men, his sweep and pulse of high resolve, hiscommand of the theatre and all its manifold workings. .Walter Ken, N.Y. Herald Tribune, Oct. 23, 1943"RIDERS TO THE SEA has a sad glory that makes it unique. Many people regard RIDER TO THE SEA as the finestone-act play in English." Brooks Atkinson, N.Y. TIMES, March 17, 1957"Chekov, het delicately humorous genius: instead of going to the theatre he made the theatre come to him .. .Joseph Wood Krutch, THE NATION, Oct. 31, 1928ILE RIDERS TO THE SEA THE BEARby EUGENE O’NEILL by J»hn Millington Synge by ANTON CHEKOVTONIGHT AT 8:30[ICKETS $1.50 January 28-29-30 —February 4-5-6REYNOLDS CLUD THEATRE57th and UNIVERSITYTleket^o^afReynolds^Club^esj^orJSY^4aj^ STUDENTS $1.00January 28, 196* • CHICAGO MAROON • IVTo voice silent disapprovalProtestors plan Viet vigilWhen and if the United States resumes bombing attackson North Vietnam, a student-faculty committee from the di¬vinity school will urge students to join a “silent witness”outside Rockefeller Chapel.Projected for the first class fol¬lowing the action, the vigil isscheduled from 10 am to 6 pm out¬side the church’s east entrance.Termed “a call to seriousness,”the vigil will protest what the com¬mittee feels is an action cutting offpossible chances of peace negotia¬tions."YOU CAN afford to become alittle chilled,” exhorts a statementbeing circulated by the group, ex¬pressing the sentiment that stu¬dents should realize the gravity ofthe situation and commit them¬selves to the peace effort.Committee members are discuss¬ing their own program for a peace¬ful settlement, but because of con¬stant changes in the world situa¬tion which may necessitate adjust¬ments in their proposals they haveformulated no definite plan.They do maintain criticism ofthe US policy on several points, op¬posing American refusal to includethe Viet Cong in negotiations, aswell as what they see as US un¬willingness to deal more extensive¬ly with Hanoi and reluctance to in¬volve the United Nations moredeeply in peace efforts.Committee spokesman BruceKirmnse characterized Administra¬tion policy as ‘‘inadequate, short¬sighted,” and inconsistent with the"realities of diplomacy.” Thegroup supported the recent John¬son peace offensive, but feels itsfailure to provoke a response fromHanoi is symptomatic of theGovernment’s errors in handlingthe war.AT THE same time, the commit¬tee recognizes that the US is notsolely to blame for the current sit¬uation. It primarily objects to ac¬tions, such as the bombing ofNorth Vietnam, which it feels will intensify the war and draw awayfrom possibilities for a peacefulsettlement, Kirmnse said.The group grew out of informaldiscussions among a dozen stu¬dents and faculty at the divinityschool. Its first public effort wasthe circulation of a petition to bepresented to Vice-President HubertHumphrey at his scheduled speechhere January 14.The petition, which gained thesignatures of half of the divinitystudent body, most of its profes¬sors, and several hundred otherstudents, was eventually sent tothe President and to all membersof Congress.Concert a sidelightof conference weekNext weeks liberal arts confer¬ence will have a musical side—ajazz concert by the Jodie ChristianQuintet and the Joseph JarmanQuintet Wednesday, February 2, at8 pm in Mandel Hall. Admission isfree.Christian and Jarman have dif¬ferent approaches to jazz, the form¬er rooted in traditional be-bop,while the latter has combined theentire history of jazz with majororiental conceptions. Both musi¬cians recently completed success¬ful concerts in the Chicago area.The concert program will includean informal open discussion onjazz. Participants will be PeteWelding, co-editor of "Down Beat"magazine; Don DiMichael, jazzcolumist; Buck Walmsley, colum¬nist for the Chicago "Sun-Times";Joseph Jarman, and UC studentsDoug Mitchell and Pete Bishop. Classified Adsr ■PersonalsJB. BKC, HMD, SJN, JAR, CRIII, AES,WAT, JWW, CRW, TDW, - please repayyour overdue loans. Our fund is deplet¬ed. Love, Student Government.The Israelis Exhibits Photo Orchie Lie-berman Life, Look, photographer Jan.31-Feb. 13. Hillel House, 5715 Woodlawnday-time & evenings.Two students want to leave June 25, re¬turn September 25, Europe charter. Willexchange with 2 wanting to depart June15 return September 4. Please call FA4-1127.USNSA has jobs available for studentsin Switzerland and Germany. ContactStudent Government for further details.DON’T really care what KNOWLEDGEis worth having? Take a week off andhelp us break in our new student half¬fare. Call American Airline campusRep. Ed Taylor. DO 3-2293.Come to the L.A.C. - The College yousave may be your own.WRITER'S WORKSHOP (PL 2-8377)Ellis Apts. Graduate Women announcea repeat of our last Punch Party blast.Sun. Jan. 30, 7-10 pm, 9SA bldg at Ellis& 60th. All inv ted.Brunch at Hillel this Sun. informal dis¬cussion Bagels & Coffee. Affiliates 25c •non-affiliates 50c 11:30 am.Me Intyre private tutoring agency 19 S.La Salle, Rm. 1231. Tutoring in all col¬lege courses. CaU aft. 5 pm. Mon.-Fri.RA 6-8288 or 374-0280.ALL-CAMPUS PARTY at Pierce Towertonight at 8:30. Live music by the No¬blemen. Refreshment. Men 50c, Womenfree.Don’t come to hear the major speakerduring the L.A.C. • you might learnsomething.Tickets on sale now for Wash Prom,Feb. 19.THE PHOENIX needs literature! Poet¬ry, short-stories, one act plays, criticalEssays. Please help. Send to PhoenixMagazine. 1212 E. 59th Ida Noyes Hall.IT’S HAPPENING—tonight at 8:30 atPierce Commons—the kind of partyworth having,Looking for good food and a room closeto campus? Openings now available atAlpha Pelt Call PL 2-9718.Kamelot Restaurant 2180 E. 71 St. 10'rdiscount and no sales tax for UC stu-dents.Carnal knowledge is most worth having.Air-bus-ship-hotels-world-wide or local.Do it yourself or escorted quick tours.See us now. Marco Polo. BU 8-5944.BATMAN IS COMING!To the Liberal Arts Conferencef must say to the MAROON!Good-bye JO P. If God had meant for men to have aLiberal Arts Conference he would havegiven them all brains.An L.A.C. Seminar on wuffle?Rummage SaleRummage sale Fri. Jan. 28, 12-5 pm.Chicago Osteopathic Hospital auditori¬um. 5200 S. Ellis. Sponsor by ChicagoCollege Osteopathy student wives auxil-iary.The Liberal Arts Conference is the big¬gest thing to happen on the campussince Charles Percy was cited for DirtyRushing.Today is the last day to sign up forL.A.C. Seminars.APTS. & RMS. FOR RENT212 rm. apt. on edge of U of C campus.Warm & quiet. 1st floor, 6122 S. Kim-bark. $82.50. Call: Taub, HY 3-8212 orGorton, 667-6050.6 rms. with 2 baths in excellent condi¬tion, by 1st of Maroh 1st fl. for rent. MI3-6470.FREETENANT REFERRAL SERVICEReasonable Rentals. Desir. Apts. 8 min.to U of C by IC. Eff. $80.00 1 Bdrm.$90.00 & up. Also large Deluxe Apts,furn. & unfurn. NO 7-7620.Apts. For SaleLovely 4 rm. CO-OP apt. South Shore,mortgage FREE bldg, excellent buy.Seen by Appointment. MU 4-5041 even¬ing^ ,14755 S. CRAWFORD AVE., 5 yrs. old16 rms. 2 suite occupied, 1 suite vacant,consisting of 5 rms. Price $65,000. $15,-000 cash with terms. F. WalkerBAIRD & WARNER1348 E. 55th St. BU 8-1855EXCELLENT BUYLight, large 6 rooms. 2 bath apartmentmortgage FREE; must see to appre¬ciate; call FA 4-6783.Ride WantedWanted ride to N.Y.C. Feb. 1-9, willshare expenses. Call 288-8347.Roommates WantedMale graduate student wants additionalroommate for apt. at 58th & Kenwood.Own rm Avail. March 1st. 643-6842.Male roommate wanted. Own rm. 5309Woodlawn. Call 324-3111. $35 mo.WantedWanted Portable Stereo-Phonograph.Call S. Horowitz PL 2-7167.Jobs OfferedSecretary, private room & Bd. for occa¬sional typing. Call anytime DR 3-1133.Babysitter Mon.-Fri, 12:30-5:30, ref¬erence required. Call aft. 6 pm. MI 3-6557.Male student as cashier and host 3 daysper week between 5 & 9 pm. Gordon'sRestaurant, 1321 E. 57th St. Call in the m:afternoon for appointment. PL 2-9251Wanted: Girl to answer phone. Hrs T?pm. Call 493-2000 aft. 6 pm or come iiMon-Fri. mLooking for a career? Openings in J^Tish Social Welfare and Communal Agen'cies. Scholarships and graduate workstudy plans available. Contact Hillei pl.2-1127. Z,NEED MORE MONEY?Or a more interesting job? Find both a«\Receptionist-girl Friday in attractiv, 1ofes. of top-rated CPA firm; no fig aptnec. $85-$100 wkly. Contact Miss Hewdegger at STate 2-3270. 1For SaleBANJO—5 str. - long-neck; * w/hardshell • case; - exc. • cond. - 734.5’61 Corvair Monza - 4 spd. rth. Bes?~fer. Must sell. Call 752-9601.All household goods, draperies, carpet-ing & furn. for sale. MI 3-6470.Sandals mid-winter discounts sale 10.20'r savings to students with ID card.All sandals made to order. Adlib Studio I1422 E 53rd St. ”1964 Corvair SDyder convertible: yellow,Exw/black top. Exc. cond; 4 new' tir*0radio, 4 speed. Call 363-7391.UC names Dr. Zuspanas obstetrics chairmanDr. Frederick P. Zuspan hasbeen named Joseph Bolivar De Leaprofessor and chairman of the d«Tipartment of obstetrics and gynecol¬ogy at the University of Chicago.He will also be chief of service ofthe Chicago Lying-in Hospital, Iwhich is part of the University’s Ihospitals and clinics. IIn these positions, Dr.will succeed Dr. M. Edward Davis,who will become the Joseph Boli¬var De Lee professor emeritus ofobstetrics and gynecology.Dr. Zuspan is now chairman ofthe department of obstetrics andgynecology at the Medical Collegeof Georgia in Augusta. ^ ^A native of Richwood, Ohio. DrZuspan received his BA and MDdegrees from the Ohio State Uni¬versity in 1947 and 1951. He servedas intern and assistant resident atOhio State and finished his residen¬cy in obstetrics and gynecology atWestern Reserve University frof^.v1954 to 1956.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO IN COLLABORATION WITH THE GOODMAN THEATREBarbara Baxley PRESENTS George GrizzardINMoliere’s Witty comedyTHE MISANTHROPETranslated byPulitzer Prize winning Poet Richard Wilburalso starringBrenda ForbesLee RichardsonPreviews Friday night, February 4, and Saturday afternoon, February 5OPENS SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 5 (Through February 27)THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW SCHOOL AUDITORIUM1121 East 60th Streetticket reservations: Bursar's Office, Adminstration Building, 5801 EllisTues. & Sun. Eves. (8 pm) $4.00; faculty & staff $3.50; students, $2.00Sat. & Sun. Mats. (2 pm) $3.00; faculty and staff $2.50; students, $1.5012 • CHICAGO MAROON • January 28, 1566