College Council to vote Dec. 9Faculty committee urges big gen ed changesI... i a :iby David L. AikenThe faculty committee to initiate plans for the new College has proposed that the pres- around several “problems” whichent general education requirements be replaced by “a year’s worth” of broadly based, in- C0UU be approached in differentterdiseiplinary courses taught by “a multiplicity of staffs.” ' ™ays by cach of 11,6 u5ual disdp'A proposal for the new common requirements has been sent to the faculty College Coun- in the second , third, andcil, the full official policy-making fourth years, each student wouldbody of the College, for considera- The committee worked on the IN THE FIRST year, there take a two-quarter “common”"I?,3 as mee^in8 next Thursday, basis of the Levi plan, drafted by would be a single course occupying course along similar lines.ne rePort was prepared after provost Edward H.' Levi, which half of each student’s time that In formulating the content of thesessions^ of the committee of the was approved by the College Coun- year. There would be no single syl- common first-year course, thecouncil, which serves as steering cjj jast year. The plan proposed labus and staff for this course, but planners decided that there shouldcommittee for the council, and of that there be a “year’s worth of neither would individual instruc- be no attempt to simply cram inthe curriculum committee, which shared disciplines” to give ecah tors have complete independence. every subject a student might findconsists of dean of the College student some background in com- As a compromise between “uni- useful.wayne C. Booth^ and the five mon with all other students. formity” and “variety.” There Instead, the question in decidingmasters of the “collegiate divi- The committee decided, howev- would be defined “common goals,” content, the committee felt, shouldsions (area colleges). er, that instead of cramming all and a limit to “the range of be what a college graduate mustTHE PROPOSAL concentrates commonly required courses into choices in other respects to insure know, what deficiencies wouldon the common curriculum for the first year, they should be that the geniune disciplines are cripple him, on the road to becom-first-year students, only briefly spread over all four years. This re- genuinely shared.” ing “a freely self- educating per-sketching the outline for the later suits in a combination in each year This course would be structured son.”years, since a program must soon of “general” course with morebe designed to be put into effect specialized electives,for next year’s entering students.Set criminal law studiesA program of research on the problems of criminal justiceand its administration and specialized training in the fieldof criminal law are planned for UC’s new center for studiesin criminal justice, established last August under a one mil¬lion dollar grant by the Ford Foun- — —dation. 5) existing information andFor the time being the center methods of research,will be located in the law school, in studying the fairness of the "TO JUSTIFY itself as filling arequirement for all students, a first-year course should concentrate onthose disciplines or skills that eachof the Collegiate Divisions wouldwant to be able to assume in theirstudents when they return as so¬phomores,” toe report says.“The one thing that all studentsneed beyond any level conceivablyachieved in high school is the abili¬ty to inquire and to communicatethe results of inquiry,” it goes on.The course should “somehowbring students to a close and geni¬une engagement with materialsfrom the scienecs, the socialsciences, and the humanities, andshould be “compatible with a var¬iety of educational philosophies.”(Continued on page twelve)Vol. 74-No. 23 The University of Chicago Friday, December 3, 1965using its library and office facili¬ties. The staff of the center will belimited to a director, an associate administration of justice, a majorconcern of the center will be theimpact of poverty. Studies will bemade to define the degree to whichaccused persons in a city like Chi¬cago fail to receive needed legalservices.THE CENTER aLo plans to es¬tablish a legal aid service in CookCounty Jail which will seek to as¬sist inmates with any civil legalmatters which beset them andtheir families.In research into the treatment ofcriminal and delinquent offenders,the emphasis will be placed on ex¬perimental testing of alternativetreatment regimes and methods.A study will be made of “half¬way houses,” a method of treatingcriminal offenders that is currentlygaining momentum.The three broad types of halfway houses may be studied: thosewhich provide residential treat¬ment for persons released fromdirector, and research and secre- penai institutions, with “inmates”Hans W. Maffick, recently namedassociate director of the UC cen¬ter for studies in criminal justice.tarial assistance.NORVAL MORRIS, JuliusKreeger professor of law and crim¬inology, was appointed the firstdirector in August. SociologistHans Mattick, presently director ofthe Chicago Youth DevelopmentProject, has recently been namedassociate director.The research plans for the centerfall into five study areas:1) fairness and effectiveness ofcriminal justice administration; going out daily to jobs or to school,The bursar’s office hasannounced that the finaldate for submitting StudentLoan Applications for theWinter Quarter, 1966 is De¬cember 17, 1965.those which offer residential treat¬ment for people on parole; and dayinstitutions where offenders, in-21 treatment of criminal and de- stead of being committed to prison,live at home, but daily engage inan intensive rehabilitation pro¬gram.(Continued on page five)The Great Debate continueslinquent offenders;3) delinquency and the juvenilecourt;4) effects of sanctions; UC may host NSA parleyBernie Grofman, president of Student Government (SG) and chairman of the congresssteering committee of the National Student Association (NSA), announced yesterday thatNSA’s 19th National Student Congress will be held at UC if satisfactory arrangementswith the University’s office of residence halls and commons (RH&C) can be worked out.The congress is scheduled to takeplace during the last two and a founded was held at UC, and UC similar stature will be sought,half weeks of August, 1966. students were prominent in NSA’s Grofman said.At its quarterly meeting NSA s founding. According to Grofman, UC is annational supervisory board (NSB) The last time an NSA congress excellent site for the congress be-designated UC first choice for the vvas held at UC was 1956. Accord- cause it has adequate classroom,congress, and the University of II- jng f0 Grofman, the congress will lecture hall, and dormitory space,linois, Champaign-Urbana, second fit naturally into the University’s The plenary session, in which allchoice. The meeting was held in 75th anniversary celebration be- delegates vote on legislation andWashington, DC, during the cause of the affinity between UC new officers, will probably be heldThanksgiving vacation. ancj NSA. in Bartlett gymnasium, he stated.NSA IS the national representa- Last year’s congress was held at UC students have been very in-tive voice of American college and the University of Wisconsin, with fluential in NSA since its inception,university students in over 300 Vice President Hubert H. Hum- and much of the liberal legislationmember schools, representing phrey addressing the congress, passed by NSA congresses hasmore than a million students. This year a key-note speaker of been written by UC delegates.The three mid-west NSB rep-SSsSSHS WUCB begins 20th yeardents at UC. Wales is the chair- ^ ^man of NSB. To commemorate the 20th anniversary of its founding,Paul Levin and David Rosen- campUS radio station WUCB will broadcast tonight at 6 pmberg, members of UC s NSA dele- ... . , . . . „gation, have been meeting with a sPecial evening program featuring many classic shows ofJames’ J. Ritterskamp, Jr., the the station’s past.University’s vice-president for ad-ministration, and Lylas E. Kay, di¬rector of RH&C, to discuss ar¬rangements for hosting the con¬gress.SG hopes to have Burton-Judson,Pierce Tower, and New Dormsopen for the congress and pre-con¬gress sessions. According to Grof¬man, well over 1000 students, in¬cluding over 100 foreign studentobservors, are expected to attendthe congress."IF THE CONGRESS comes toUC in 1966, it will be an historicoccasion,” Grofman said. In 1946,the meeting at which NSA was ductions:New latke research revealedby Mike SeidmanEnmeshed in tradition, but liberated by invention, ground¬ed in controversy, but uplifted by an underlying consensus,:he histohic latke-hamantash debate was renewed once againat the Ida Noyes Cloister Club last Wednesday night.Under the leadership of Profes-;or of Political Science, Herman LBJ, latkes both greatNner and sponsored by Hillel "There is a relationship betweenlouse, , . the Great Society and the Greatthis year s symposium pebate,” he said. “And alreadyseemed to move away from the you can see the relationship rightjitter but scholarly disputes which away: both are great. But there islave distinguished it in the past an even more profound relation¬al to center instead on the multi- ship. The Great Society is about to'aceted nature of the problem, abolish dissent. We now speak withsummarizing this basic trend, one voice; we love one leader,which has marked the “half-score Consensus can be achieved by eat-and ten years” since the debate’s ing a straight diet of latkes andinception, Professor of Political hamantashen, as well. For in doingscience, Hans Morgenthau sought so, you will loose your voice.”to connect it to the Great Society. Then in what many thought was one of his most eloquent state¬ments, Morgenthau summarizedhis basic position, and in so doing,brought the audience to its feet.“Let me leave you with thisthought: eat latkes, eat haman¬tashen, but do not consent!”Yet even as Morgenthau wasissuing his call to arms, otherswere continuing the very trend towhich he was objecting. Indeed, asFiner himself observed, “Thisyear, we will move from vague¬ness to accuracy, from the mobileto something you can put yourfinger on. Who among us can eversay again that the latke and ham¬antashen are vague.”(Continued on page nine) Beginning with two transcripts • Poetry reading with musicalfrom the one-time campus NBC selections, by the WUCB staff;station, “Round Table” and “Hu- * A statement of current positionman Adventure,” the program will §,"? »!“? for WUCB becoming an. 0 FM station, by station managerinclude the following WUCB pro- Gapp• Bach’s Mass in B Minor, aconsecration of the next twentyyears of broadcasting.ORIGINATED in the basement ofBurton-Judson dormitory on De¬cember 3, 1945, WUCB until themid-1950’s broadcasted only to B-Jhouses. After moving to the oldNBC station in Mitchell Tower,where it is now located, WUCBserves University residencesthroughout the campus.Now it is about to enter a newera—broadcasting on Chicago’sFM band. Dean Wick approvedlast week a revised station consti¬tution providing for the change.Although this proposed movemust yet receive a formal okayfrom UC’s board of trustees, whichwill meet over the Christmas holi¬days, some new FM equipment hasalready been purchased.According to WUCB businessmanager Tim James, “With FM, wewill act more as a community sta¬tion, broadcasting to the entireneighborhood, and will thus be¬come a more balanced and betterstation in general.”ALTHOUGH the change will notbe made until the autumn quarterof next year, the WUCB staff is al¬ready making plans for a grandopening.A special radio version of GeorgeBernard Shaw’s Pygmalian will beproduced by a group of student ac¬tors to initiate the new medium ofbroadcasting.Mitchell Tower, current home ofWUCB.• “The Character of the Univer¬sity,” a talk given last spring byEdward W. Rosenheim, Jr., profes¬sor of English and of the humani¬ties;• The University Theatre pro¬duction of Ionesco’s Jack.EDITORIALLetters to the editorUC steamrollerThe administrators of the College have been emphasizing , . . „their wish for student participation in the planning of the Cif6S Viet figilTG SOUfCG; j0urce mustre> upon conJec ure’'new" College ever since the release of the Levi plan last_ questions art judgmentyear. They have encouraged the formation of student advisory committees for each of the five “collegiate divisions," and TO THE EDITOR:have listened carefully to student suggestions for the ref or- Mr. Giraldi (innation of the College curriculum. can only assume he is putting meon. If not, let him look at the twoquotations above and listen moreattentively to the Talking Newspa¬per.the Maroon ofNovember 19) would like to know. . „ „ where I got my “fact” that “all . . ...With this image of an open administration before us, it vietcong death statistics are multi- free world- 0nce again, this is in-Mr. Giraldi also objects to a sec¬tion called “news from the not-so-comes as a great shock to discover that the College adminis- plied by two”; he suspects that I. 0nt if Onm “fho l^fficf nroac *» t nounce a secuoii CailfU 1XCWStration and the faculty College Council are now in the process « 1 Jme lc “ 1 t from the (Relatively) Free World:accurate. But ournounce a section leaflet did ancalled “Newsnever criticized the death statisticsof steamrolling (perhaps “smuggling is a more appropriate in this way; I suppose that Mr.word) past the College student body the most radical change Giraldi is referring to my claimin the College’s general education program in the last tenyears.It is only in the last few days that students, and just a The French, Italian. German,Dutch, Spanish and EnglishPress.” If Mr. Giraldi would liketo call France under De Gaulle“free”, he will find me disagreeber killed. My source for this is, . . , „ _indeed, the leftist press, if Mr. Gir- If hf(fvvar? s * c,a.11 Spain untdeFaidi chooses so to label I F Franc0 free”, let him prove it: Ismall number of them at that, have been able to see copies of stone*s weekly. Stone, in turn/took think callin" sPain “(Relatively)”the 50-page report of the curriculum committee of the Col- it from the New York Herald Tri- free is ciuite g”nerous.lege. The report proposes an end to the present system of une of AuSust 20: On the art exhibit: yesterday Igeneral education, advocating in its place a group of highlyinterdisciplinary “liberal arts” courses. The committee’s pro¬posal is certainly an imaginative one which, if backed bystrong faculty enthusiasm, might go a long way in strength¬ening the College’s general education program. But it can notbe denied that, simply by right of the radical departure fromthe current gen ed program that it proposes, the report quali¬fies as being controversial. Since this is the case, the report The number of Vietcong walkedbodies actually counted totalled552. Another 50 dead were ob¬served from the air. UPI quoteda Marine spokesman as saying1,000 guerrillas had been wound¬ed. In the past, estimates of thenumber of guerrilla wounded into the lobby of NewDorms, honestly seeking to discov¬er whether my ideas about the lay¬out there were mistaken. I foundthat the location where I had seenan exhibit of poster art a fewyears ago was along the building’ssouth side, some distance awayhave been made by doubling the ^rom the corridors leading to thenumber of dead dormitories. I found no residents...... , , ,, Or perhaps Mr. Giraldi is referring guarding against the stream ofmust get a lull going over by the student body who, probably to my claim that Vietcong death non-residents and non-students onbetter than their teachers, know what the current gen ed statistics were also inaccurate, their way to the cafeteria. How donrovram is reallv like Again he seems t0 have misunder- the residents tolerate invwas‘°"program is realty line. stood since l made a point q{ ^ of their turf? 0n the other hand.Yet just six days from today, the College Council—the rul- jng pie Wall Street Journal, the inevitably confronting those whoJng body of the College—will attempt to arrive at a decision pinkest rag around. In fact, once would walk int0 °"e the dormi-about accepting, rejecting, or modifying the committee’s re- ^"quofes the^Journal'of'August inviting^me Vbuy one'news^rport. This is not enough time for students to obtain the re- 4:port, read it, and discuss it among themselves, much less talkto the College administration and faculty about it. But thecouncil will presumably make its decision on December 9, andthe student body, facing a week of exams ahead, will have lit¬tle chance to hear about the council’s decision and make theiropinions about it felt. And then comes vacation.When students return to school in January, they will prob¬ably find the wheels of the College in rapid motion, alreadypreparing to put into effect a major decision about the Col¬lege’s future that was made without serious consultationswith the student bodv. According to military authori¬ties, the Air Force estimates theeffects of its bombing attacks bya highly involved computationbased on the area hit, the num-JESSELSON’SSERVING HYDE PARK FOR OVER 30 YEARSWITH THE VERY BEST AND FRESHESTFISH AND SEAFOODPL 2-2870, PL 2-8190, DO 3-9186 1340 E. 53rd and one alone—the Chicago Trib¬une (“World's Greatest Newspa*per"). I find the Chicago Tribuneoffensive, but the only circum¬stances under which I would con¬sider a display of it in the lobbyber of people that must have of my residence to be an endorse-been in it, the number of bombs ment of it would be if it appearedthat should have landed in it. alone—as it does in New Dorms. I“Then they put these two un- would like to find many newspa-knowns together, come up with pers on sale in my lobby. Ian apparent ‘known’, and ship the would also find it quite excitingfigure off weekly to Washing- were an exhibit by the Ar-ton,” says one Saigon officer tists’ Committee to End the War indespairingly. Vietnam to generate enough feel-As for Mr. Giraldi’s statement, ing by the supporters of Johnson’s“Obviously, only the statement of war so that they would put on ana high government official can be exhibit called, say, “Patriotism.” Iaccepted as valid. Any other honestly believe that this theme—LAKE MEADOWSICE SKATING RINKand SKATING SCHOOLChicagos largest artificiallyfrozen ice surfaceNOW OPENPUBLIC SESSIONS DAILYClosed MondaysPrivate and Class Lessons AvailableAdmission $1.00 - Children 50cSat., Sun. $1.25 - Children 75c33rd Street and Ellis Ave.3 Biles. E. of South ParkwayPhone VI 2-7345 James Schultz cleanersCUSTOM QUALITY CLEANING1363 EAST 53RD STREET: PL 2-9662SHIRTS - LINENS - TAILORING10% Student Discount with I.D. Card like the anti war theme—is a genu¬ine one, an emotion and an ideawhich could produce some validart, just as in the past many whobelieved that the only salvationwas to be found through the Ro¬man Catholic Church expressedthat belief in valid art. Or were thethe great religious artists merepropagandists?I have no ready answer to thequestion, what is art? But I doknow that I would like to live in asociety where art of all kinds flour¬ishes. Fearful of inhibiting art byapplying definitions which are toorigid, and fearful of my own igno¬rance, I would allow the widestpossible latitude and invite anyonowho calls himself “artist” to dis¬play—or publish—his work: it costsme nothing to allow him to revealhimself as a charlatan; it costs mea great deal if a campaign againstpossible charlatans prevents mefrom seeing or reading the work ofa great artist. I may be wrong.The problem is that I have notheard much discussion of these im¬portant and relevant issues. Until Ido, I must, with deepest regret,continue to think that students whowill not allow an art exhibit in acorner of their lobby on groundsthat they might have to look at itor offer space to another such ex¬hibit are benighted.JESSE LEMISCHASSISTANT PROFESSOROF HISTORY(Continued on page eight)I Chicago MaroonEDITOR in-Chief Daniel Hertzber,BUSINESS MANAGE* .... Edward GlasgowMANAGING EOITOR Dinah EsralNEWS EDITOR David SalterASSISTANT NEWS EDITORDavid E. GumpertASSISTANTS TO THE EDITORDavid L. AikenSharon GoldmanJoan PhillipsCOPY EOITOR Eve HochwaldCULTURE EOITOR Jamie Beth GalaEDITOR. CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEWDavid RichterASSOCIATE EDITOR, CHICAGOLITERARY REVIEW Rick PollackMUSIC EDITOR Peter RabinowitiASSOCIATE MUSIC EDITOR Ed ChikofskyPOLITICAL EOITOR Bruce FreedEOITOR EMERITUS Robert F. LeveyPHOTOGRAPHERS: Dick Ganz, Steve Wofsy,Bern Meyers.STAFF: David Gumpert, Marc PoKempner,Tom Heagy, Michael Nemerolf, Paul Satfer,Paul Bursfein, Ellis Levin, Jeff Kufa, CarolChave, Pa* Buckley, Mike Seidman, CraigReiter, Susan Kirchmyer, Mahonri Young,Karen Edwards, Bob Hertz, Steve Grant,Monica Raymond, Ken Simonson, NancySteakley, Judy Van Herik, David Ranson,John Beal, Slade Lander, Bonnie Holz, MarcRosen, Beverley Smith, Carol Derrouseau,Paul B. Brown, David F. Israel.Charter member of US Student PressAssociation, publishers of ColleclatoPress Service.%\ SPECIAL STUDENT DISCOUNT//PHILLIPS JEWELRY COMPANY"50% OFF ON ALL DIAMONDENGAGEMENT & WEDDING RINGS"67 E. Madison Room 1101 DE 2-6508Campus Representative: E. GLASGOW — Ext. 3265 or 6244512 Ml 3-31135424 S. Kimbarkwe sell the best,and fix the restforeign car hospitolFREETHIS COUPON IS GOOD FORONE FREE SPRAY WAX APPLICATIONWhen Your Car is Being Washed at theNEWHYDE PARK CAR WASH1330 E. 53rd ST. (near Kenwood)This Coupon Expires December 12, 1965 EVERYBODY(Faculty, Staff, Students)CELEBRATE THE LAST DAY OF CLASSESat theWASSAIL PARTY• SANTA'S 1965 DEBUT WITH A NEW CHRISTMAS STORY(Your only chance to tell him how good you were)• DECORATE THE ONLY ALL-UNIVERSITY CHRISTMAS TREE• SING CHRISTMAS CAROLSHOT WASSAIL FLOWING FROM 4:30-6FRIDAY, DEC. 10, IDA NOYES PIZZA PLATTER1508 Hyde Park Blvd.KE 6-6606 KE 6-3891Delivery .25TABLE SERVICEPIZZA AND ITALIAN FOODSANDWICHESVt FRIED CHICKENFRENCH FRIES - COLE SLAWROLL ft BUTTER$1.50Be Practical!Buy Utility Clothes!Complete Selection ofhooded coats, long underwear,sweatshirts, Levis, etc. etc.Universal Army Store1364 E. 63rd ST.PL 24744OPEN SUNDAYS 9:30-1:00Student discount with ad2 • CHICAGO MAROON • December 3, 1965r Detail conference plansStudent role emphasized igh school actionThe school board is still hung up on the Hyde Park high the University in planning pro.school dispute. *ra™s "Iou!d lake odvantag.ox j , ,. . ,. , „ , of federal funds for improving thestudent participation in every phase of the Liberal Arts At its meeting last Wednesday, the Chicago board of edu- schools, Levi proposed.Conference, to be held during the fifth week of winter quar- cation again declined to decide where to put new facilities levi'S plan was turned downter, is both invited and expected, according to Robert C. Al- for the overcrowded Hyde Park flat by the Hyde Park—Kenwoodbrecht, assistant professor of English. hiSh school, now at 62 street and Stony Island avenue west to the Community Conference HPKCCConference Stony Island avenue. Illinois central railroad tracks, which still wants a separate schoolAlbrecht, who is working with .The „eek should provide an ex- Instead' “ voted 81 to aM>oint a »"largw Mudfng1"“lea* ^ Pa‘k'the College Dean’s office in co-or- cellent opportunity for students committee to study the matter, ance 0f a row 0£ ^ars ajong 53dinating the conference, said that and faculty to investigate together which has brought out a conflict of street.the Liberal Arts Conference is the questions which lead to deci- opinions among residents of the • THAT THE present HPHSbeing planned by and for students sions on curriculum, vocational area served by the school. building be “refurbished and reha-and faculty. Students will take part choice and the more basic problem PRESUMABLY the committee bilitated, and supplemented byin virtually every panel and semi- of living a useful and satisfying t , find ' me solution mu- construction of new facilities in thenar held during the week, and stu- life,” Albrecht said. tually acceptable to both those who enlarged campus area at the ear-dents and faculty will meet infer- Students are urc,ed tQ make want a new separate school in best possible moment.”fapiiUv‘hnmpcent aPartnients and pians now by inviting specific fac- We Park> and those vvho want ,The enlar£ed school should be sistant professor at the Universiiacuuy nomes. uity memj3crs to j0jn £hem jn djs_ the present school improved to ‘limited to 3750 students on a 10-Though a few lectures, followed cussions of questions relatin'* to conlinue to serve both Hyde Park period day,” the proposal urged,by panel discussions, will be held the general topic of the conference, and Woodlavvn- HPHS now packs in 4550, vvith eachthroughout the week, most of the “What Knowledge is Most Worth Board members expressed reluc- stl!defnt1 attending school for eighttime, according to Albrecht, will Having.” Students who wish to tance to choose between the two oul ot eleven periods.be given to joint student - faculty participate in discussions with par- sides while there was so much !,rhat * blgh school be .Mnvpmnpr y*seminars in which students will en- ticular faculty members and other squabbling in the neighborhoods built .south of the present district, ... , . . New York rifv togage in discussions of the questions students should contact Albrecht in concerned. that is, on the southern edge of the1dm!underlying primary educational Gates-Blake 333 or the College predominately Neero Woodlawn. vlslt fnends- ^ was< at the timeCarbonell memorialrites today at 1:30A memorial service for Dr. Vir¬ginia M. Carbonell, 45, a former as-ty’s Zoller Dental Clinic, will beheld at Bond Chapel at 1:30 pmtoday.Dr. Carbonell was killed in athree-car collision on the NewYork State Thruway, November 24choices. Dean’s office as soon as possible. , , predominately Negro Woodlawn. ,, ,The board committee is cnairea -phis school would serve about 3000 of “er deatb, a professor of anthro-by Thomas J. Murray. Other members are Warren Bacon, Bernard pology at the University of Buffalo.Compromise turned downUC IVS plans one-day work projectsyc Friends of International Vol. camp for children for Chicago's separate* schhoobrandPa0nPTmpro°vedlintary Service (IVS) together ghettos. There will also be a school at the present site, thewith the Chicago chapter of IVS Christmas project in Pleasant Val- board has received at least twohas planned a series of one day ley Farm from December 26 to De- “compromise” proposals,work projects over the next five cember 31. One of these, issued by Julianmonths. During each of the first five Levi, director of the South EastThe first work project is slated months of next year a project will Chicago Commission, pioposed:for this coming Friday, at Casa be carried on in the WoodlawnCentrale and will consist of paint- area. Students interested in theseing a storage room to be used for events should contact Bill Klein attutoring children from the Puerto MU 4-4830 for further information.Rican and Negro neighborhoods,the neighborhood. students.c Friofim„n p,,rtlc TT ITT -While the new facilities are Herman Cook, acting director ofanh Mrc TvrinnWiiH ’ being built, the board should lease the chaplaincy service of the UC" y ' extra space for classrooms. The hospitals and clinics, will conductboard should also cooperate with the memorial service.• That the board ask the citydepartment of urban renewal(DUR) to clear the buildings be¬tween 61 and 63 streets, from . |^|& REVIEWThe second project is planned forDecember 18 when IVS will repairan infirmary at a farm in PleasantValley Farm in Woodstock, Illinois.The farm is used as a summer3rd & Final WeeklCINEMAChicago Avo. at MichiganAntonioni's first film in colorRichard Harris - Monica VittiVenice prize winnerA story of a womans hiddenthirsts A hungers"THE RED DESERT"Students $ 1.00Every day but Saturday with I.D. Card AMERICAN RADIO ANDTELEVISION LABORATORY1300 E. 53rd Ml 3-9111- TELEFUNKEN & ZENITH --NEW & USED-Sales and Service on all hi-fi equipment.FREE TECHNICAL ADVICETape Recorders — Phonos — AmplifiersNeedles and Cartridges — Tubes — Batteries10% discount to students with ID cardsSERVICE CALLS - $35210 Harper Court667-8250A GIFT FORNieceNephewBrotherSisterSonDaughterGrandsonGranddaughterAll Siblingsand Singlingsof both sexes.Sizes Infant -12 yrs. SEE THE NEWDATSUN FOR ‘66Check In At Your DATSUN DealerToday-Check Out In A DATSUNSee ihe famous “Four-Ten" 4-dr. Sedans & Station Wag¬ons $1666 and $1860, and the fabulous SPL-311 Sports Car*complete for oily $2546. Drive these new DATSUNS and *eewhy DATSUN-owners make up the fastest growing importedcar list in America today.(hicagoland DATSUNSALES - SERVICE - PARTS9415 S. ASHLAND AVE. * »#varty mmCHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60620 RHONE 239-377# A publisher's surveyr of what's new in the wayof unrequired readingUnder review this month is a most provocativeand timely book, The Worried Man's Guide toWorld Peace . . . provocative because it is noteveryone’s political cup of tea, and timely becauseit fits right into the current series of world-widepeace demonstrations.Arthur Waskow’s book amply achieves its pur¬pose as a “guide” into peace politics for the unin¬formed. He discusses the current world situation—and the wry Americans, in particular, look atpeace. Mr Waskow then outlines specific actionlevers available to the P.A. (Peace Actionist) like“Alperovitzing” (grass roots lobbying), and helpsanswer such questions as:• How does one become effective in local politicalorganizations?• Are demonstrations an effective means of socialprotest and when are they put to their best use?• How can I get “Peace” on page one of my localnewspaper ?• How can I effectively translate my ideas to theaverage businessman or civic leader?In this day and age of the bomb, The WorriedMan's Guide to World Peace ($1.25, A DoubledayAnchor Original) is a must for the student ofpeace ... or war.In his autobiography, Child of Two Worlds (An¬chor, $1.25), R. Mugo Gatheru describes his per¬sonal odyssey from tribalism to full citizenshipin the world Mr. Waskow is worried about. Mr.Gatheru’s story is a simple and straightforwardone. He tells of ancient customs in which he par¬ticipated as a young Kikuyu tribesman. He tellshow he gradually adopted new values and newcustoms, especially as a student at Lincoln Uni¬versity in Pennsylvania. In so doing, he revealsto us what it has meant to one human being to bea Kikuyu, a Kenyan and an African amid thecomplexities of modern civilization.To understand Mugo Gatheru’s story is to under¬stand the experience of thousands of other youngAfricans. It is to understand an experience thatis a crucial one in a changing, troubled world.The two books reviewed above are published bythe spotisors of this- column, Doubleday AnchorBooks, 277 Park Avenue, New York City, andDoubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, NewYork. You'll find them all at one of the bestequipped booksellers in the country — your owncollege store.December 3, 1965 • CHICAGO MAROON • * f- lrjmmERBft,iw*i—-Colleges trying flexible, gradeless programsCollegiate Press Service SAN JOSE State College in Calif- instead of receiving letter grades.The possibility of completing an entire undergraduate career—from registration to ornia experimenting with a pro- STUDENTS can choose any■ v i » j ^ * .. . f . . j gram in which selected freshmen course outside of their major da-bachelor s degree—without ever attending classes is being offered to 75 college freshmen fvill be a]lowed t0 study at their ™rtment in which they wish to bathis fall. own speed without courses, tests, graded on the pass-fail system.The experiment, underwritten by a $325, 000 Ford Foundation grant, is underway at or grades’ „ „ . ,fo co„nnA They can on,y take one course un;Lake rarest College. A national Tlower d rision der this s?s,em “T8 f ‘"t*pipptinn MmmiHAP niptpU ctn . year» 1S woith 4o lower division cannot take more than four during,p, u ,e level courses are now evaluated on lege maintenance job. Student jobs credits. Six full-time tutors are in jh ; undergraduate vearsdents, all of whom had accelerated , fail basis, range lrom janitor te|ephone op. charee of the instruction of the 130 themunttergraduateyea^high_School_preparat,on. _ End artificial pressures erafor. Students also ruh their own students in the program. if,™ i* "I™revision inTHE PARTICIPANTS pursue dorms and participate in communi- Education for these students, in- f;Fad!”g nnkw^Uv'in^'l^ouis^their degrees through faculty-guid- Dean of freshmen Foster Strong ty projects. eluding physical education and 12 Washington U“I!~ * “ fLJSSed study, free of the usually re- said: “What we are doing drama- . 24 J K/ f Dre-major work will Under the Progfanl. ;suSgestedquired courses, class attendance, tizes what we think students are Equality make use ofF individual tutorial there, students m the first and sec-grades, and credits. “Students, here for. Ordinarily, students feel ' Student is completely equal discussion and small ond year would be told only if theyhowever,” William Bartlet. direc- the pressure to try and get a B wUh th^pro essor in tte ccmmum. students pass or faU courses and would notor of the program, explained, even though they are no interested “onth to fit themselves, occasionally lecture a“must show a proficiency in math m the course. This is no the way a wjEj students are asked not to small group on a given subject,and a foreign language” and must scholar should feel. Adults who are Policy. Muaents are asked not to * ' ■pass a comprehensive exam in the successful don’t work this way. We address their teachers as doctor, Tutors give gradeshumanities, social sciences, and "ant to take off the artificial pres- or “professor,” or “mister.” First Grades are eventually assigned,natural sciences Thev must in ad- sures and let these talented kids names are preferred. but only at the end of the year,dition follow a major program the develop as they would like to de- The average student takes three Each student’s tutor evaluates hisend result of which will be a re- velop.” courses a semester. The five-credit work and when the year is com- ^ get ^“education.”search project and a research pa- COURSES are being conducted courses meet once a week for pleted assigns a letter grade forper. as before: there are the same as- three hours. Thus students have the equivalent courses. School offi- ™ [e“JJ » workEach student has a faculty ad- signments, quizzes, and tests, classes only on three days a week, rials say this is necessary so the conunuea in uppt « * sta„darjViser who acts in the role of “pre- Tests are graded numerically. At The res of heir time is their own. s udents in the project can be *™ce t„ graduate andceptor, critic, and guide.” Each the end of the course, numerical Schools officials say this plan al- placed back into the normal grad- “ admission t 6student also has access to visiting grades are used to determine lows every student to learn at his ing system at the end of the year. Proic-scholars lecturers and artists ° whether the student passes or fails. own sPeed without worrying about Beginning this fall, Princeton Dean Palmer said this was re-Bartlet says the pro«ram has Letter grades are neither given to keeping up with the rest of the University is offering its students grettable. Learning should be en-three objectives- the students nor kept by the pro- class at the expense of comprehen- the opportunity to take four joyed, or at least enjoyable, he• without course requirements fessors. sion. courses under a pass-fail system, stated.be given a letter grade.Dean Robert R. Palmer of theUniversity’s college of arts andsciences, in announcing the study,said, “Intense concentration onmaking grades is a dispiriting fac¬tor that limits the student'sthe student will be able to follow The standard grading proceduresthe range of his own abilities and are followed at Cal Tech in allinterests; courses above the freshman level.• Specifically, he will be able to According to Dean Strong, theparticipate in more interdiscipli- system is undergoing a two-yearnary study, avoiding the barriers evaluation. The faculty will deter-of formal courses; mine whether or not to continue• Student-faculty relationships the Program at the end of thisshould improve, as the elimination year.At Carleton College in Northfield,crease a professor’s “monitoringfunction Discuss college stress at conference(This report on the national confer- tion about the college experience, the notion that college is not“real”, that it is a sort of artificialinterlude in life that denies thevery natural desire of young peo¬ple to be involved with life to theence on “Student Stress in the College its demands, pressures, stresses,Experience” held November 11-14 in and results.Warrenton, Va„ is written bv Dick WITH EMPHASIS on emotionaltjie development and personal prob-of grading will correspondingly de- At Uarieton College in Northfield, Ganz, a fourth year student in me fems~Yhe DarticiD'ants' through dis-crease a professor’s “monitorine” j^rm upperclassmen become able College Ganz along with fourth .» grJups dealt with a series fullest possible extent, and that theto take courses in which grades Ve^ student Nancy Barty and as- uedu VUI! .*. * . , . 1-— -nu - . ... t u of Questions concernin'* significant nressures and frustrations inherentOther schools are also experi- are either pass or fail as of this sociate professor of humanities of questions concerning significant pressures and frustrations inherentexpert f . Charles W. Wegener, attended the stress Problems, the importance in the C0Uege experience preventas representatives of and interrelatedness of thesementing with the standard grading fab- No letter grades are given,system. AT GODDARD COLLEGE inThe California Institute of Tech- Vermont, no specific courses arenology faculty voted to drop grades required, class attendance is notin freshman courses last fall. The checked, and no grades are given.Cal Tech faculty said this was to Goddard, a private non-denomi- faculty, and leaders in educational *'L,V . f . .make the transition between high national school of about 300 stu- and psychiatric fields from 33 col- . ^ p b 0school and college a smoother one dents, does require its students to leges and universities throughout enfor entering students. Freshman work eight hours a week in a col- the United States to give informa-conference , .. , . .j problems, the reactions of students’, . ,, under various stress conditions, ex-The conference was purportedly is|i approaches t0 these prob.a-'hearing-out' event for students lemSf and how to reduce strainCAP AND GOWNTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO YEARBOOKReserve your copy nowfill out card inRegistration Packetand return to Bursar Only *5.00(*6.00 AfterPublication) The conference was based on theassumption that “something isbugging” college students todayand what this “something” is mustbe defined before corrective stepscan be taken. One of the major re the student from experiencing in afuller sense.THERE WAS also considerableconcern expressed over the aca¬demic framework itself of college,particularly the fact that one mustwait until graduate school to doany meaningful independent work.There seemed to be some feelingthat research or critical paperssubmitted to satisfy a course re¬quirement are not enough, that thesuits of the conference was a reali- student, and not only the honorzation that many of the concerns of student, needs more time, on thethe college student—such as undergraduate level, to pursuegrades, student-faculty communi- what he himself finds of compel-cation, indifference to work, and l‘nS interest,meaningless academic drudgery— The value of such a conferencewhile irksome in themselves, are varies widely from participant toactually symptomatic of a much participant. Some of us had beendeeper unrest that underlies daily discussing these issues for years;problems and finds expression in others seemed to be surprised thatany of the above ways. something really was “bugging”This unrest, while never explicit- them, and still others could sayly defined, seems to be intimately with sincerity that their college ex-related to the feeling that the tra- perience had been almost com-ditional college education is no pletely satisfactory,longer sufficient to meet the de- It was clear, however, that themands a complex society places on conference itself provoked a goodpeople while they are in school, deal of frustration, by virtue of itsmuch less when they leave school, lack of imposed structure, and byThere was a repeated insistence on (Continued on page five)MR. PIZZAs? ecvo\* WE DELIVER — CARRY-OUTSHY 3-8282FOR THE FIRST TIME IN HYDE PARKDELICIOUS BROASTED CHICKENAlso Ch. Broiled Hamburgers s° °f cPIZZAFor 2 For 1 Pm 4 For 4 FortySaifsoga 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00Mushroom 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00Grtt, Popper ........... 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00Anchovie -.1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00OultM or Garlic 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00Tuna Fish or Oliva 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00Cheese 1.25 2.00 2.50 3.50 4.50Vi and Vi 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00Extra Ingredients ... 50 .50 1.00 1.00 1.00Pepperoei Pina ..... .......... 2.00 2.50 4.00 5.00 6.00Shrimp .......... 2.00 2.50 4.00 5.00 6.00Bacon 2.00 2.50 4.00 5.00 6.00Coney Island Pina 2.50(Sausage, Mushrooms and Peppers) 3.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 Box of Bro»sted Chicken20 Pieces, Golden BrownIB Pieces, Golden Brown10 Pieces, Golden BrownBAR B-9 RIBSSHRIMP, PERCHSPAGHETTIMOSTACCOLIRAVIOLISandwiches:BEEF, SAUSAGE,MEAT BALL1465 HYDE PARK BLVD.Ope 7 Days a Weak — 4:00 p.m. fa 2:00 aat — Prl fa 1:00 amSet. fa ItfO am — Open S pm SmedleysHASSteokburgers ... all choice Sirloin 75cChili . . . full of meat & Smedley style....50cHome made Italian Sausage Sandwich 75cCheese BurgerCheddar or American 85cGrilled Cheese - Pumpernickel 50cPotato Pancakes . . . sour cream 50cBasket Smedley French Fries 25cMUCH MORE LATERFriday Luncheon Special - Perch Platter4 • CHIC Au u M A K U O N 9 December 3, 1965A ' I A ~ v lCalendar of Events —.Crime in slums studiedr'T ■' vtFriday, December 3 '"'*v mmmm w& « (Continued from page one)AS PART OF its study of crimi-CONCERT: Music for violin and pianoby Mozart Leon Botstein, violin, profes¬sor Leo Treitler, piano, Mandel Hall,If :30 pm. _ lei foundation 5715 Woodlawn, 8:30 pm.Saturday, December 4WASSAIL PARTY: Hot wassail flowing, WORK DAY: Lead poisoning, sSanta Claus aof his "bac! armm” ig about 5 to tell on bF SNCC, project house, 3543 Jack-Christmas storiess, son> 9 am- tive collection and collationdata.Education plansThe center also has educationalseries' of three 'lectures sponsored by prison system. Sweden has recent- £°a^s’ A seminar on researchthe UC department of psychology, Judd . . . , , , , , methodoloev to criticize the een-Haii 120, 8 pm. ly introduced a new penal code and “ , uuulog3' to criticize renter s projects will be available tograduate fellows, young law teach-LECTURE: "Rav Kook, Poet or Pro- LECTURE: "Aggression and Group . .Phf”” f^chas Peh poet, teacher and Cohesion,” Dr. Wolfgang Wickler of the nal justices, the center Is alreadyeditor of Panim el Panim, speaker, Hil- ... T T n . , , . . ~ .— Max pianck insutute of Behavior Phy- involved in a survey of the Swedishsiology, Germany, speaker, second in aly introduced a new penal code andlecture.- “Charles Darwin—The new legislation concerning correc-Making of Naturalist: A New Perspec- ,. ,tive,” Barry g. Gale, chairman of the tional practice, and its prisons, grs, legal scholars, and students in-jITb ™ Grosvenor Cooper, FILM: "Boris Gud mov,” admission history of science colloquium, speaker, along with their release and reha- the law school.Ida Noyes, 4.30-6 pm. 60c, Soc. Sci. 122, 8 pm. home of Eric Cole. 5521 S. Everett, 8pm.122, 8 pmCONCERT: UC Symphony Orchestra.DlaCLaSION: Caucasian Adventure Richard Werrick. conductor, Brahmstiff6PlaJ Ski(n!T "Tragic Overture,” Stravinsky, ”Monu-h B(i i Hospital menturm pro Gesualdo,” Haydn, Sym-C^HstTIn rL h'1 Ecumenical phony No. 39, Copland, "Billy the Kid,”P€ H^se' 5810 Mandel hall, 8:30 pm.woodlawn, supper at 6 pm, discussionat 7:15 pm.Sunday, December 5RELIGIOUS SERVICE: “GettingReady for Christmas,” the Reverenc Tuesday, December 7DISCUSSION: "The Almost ChosenPeople,” Dr. Joseph Sittler, leader,sponsored by the Lutheran TheologicalFellowship, Swift commons, 12 pm.LECTURE: “The Control of Aggres¬sion," Dr. Wolfgang Wickler of the Max bilitative arrangements for prison¬ers, are considered to be sophisti¬cated and experimental.Delinquency research An internship program will bedeveloped under which researchfellows will join the center’s re¬search activities. In addition, theThe center’s investigations of ju- center will provide advance train-venile delinquency, a subject in jng £or y0ung jaw teachers andwhich pioneering studies have been ^ose conitemplating academic ca-done at UC, will include research reers in jawfactors givingrise to juvenile crime in urbanslum areas. The proper role of poWORKSHOP: For lead poisoning workday, sponsored by SNCC, at projecthouse 3543 W Jackson, 7:30 pm.PAVFi • .. n . . neauy ior unrisimas, uie neverena 2jy“< , "*™«*lent " «*Sb 5lJty JP1?’ George A Buttrick, preacher, Rockefell- Planck Institute of Behavior Physiology. ,'rifrHD? SD^,Ed'J'ar,d Doty er Memorial Chapel, 11 am. Germany, speaker, last in a series of mto tne changingToward Peace, Colia Lafayette, three lectures sponsored by the UC de-• ,lJter’ American Friends MEETING: James Clement, member of partment of psychology, Breasted Hall,»e vice committee, participants, spon- Chicago board of education speaks to Oriental Institute, 1155 E 58, 8 pm. Slum areas, me proper roie oi po- ^ m“ ?,X0,usiK«ber#'s’5ri7l» chamber music: uc contemporary lice discretion in juvenile cases Career COtlfereilCeSbranch. Hyde Park Methodist Church, Pm- chamber Pavers Ralph Shapey, musi- an(j the problems Of child neglect54th and Blackstone, 8 pm. DISCUSSION: “The Future of Africa,” cal director* Mandel Hall, 8.30 pm., FfTimr. an .• e a panel of African students, sponsored by MEETING' "The Great Society” Do-£®C*UrvRE „ Jhe of A^res- the Ecumenical Christian Program, paid Rumsfeld cnfrom Tlii, D.r WoRgand Wickler of the Max Brent House. 5540 Woodlawn. supper at ^ois thirteenth tonaldirtrictGS„,;S,'s‘StoBt„"oMorrfJ>Sby'°S " Pm’ dlS",S!'°n P” sSSSKT'iVCetTJC department of psychology. Judd 8.30 pm.Hall 126. 8 pm. Monday, December 6chamber MUSIC: Andrew Foidi. t. , „OI> ^ Friday, December 10basso. Mary Sauer, piano, selections by SEMINAR: “Applications of ESR Tech-Viadana, Handel, Milans, Brahms and nique to Heterogeneous Catalysis,” V.B. LECTURE: “The Theater and Fun.”others, admission $3. UC students $1. Kayanskii. Institute of Chemical Phy- Joan Littlewood, speaker, 231st William promising area of inquiry because ijtjcai sciencetickets at concert °ff|ce 5802 Woodlawn, sics, Academy of Sciences of the Vaughn Moody lecture, Mandel Hall, Hivercitv of law nrarfirp in and historyMandel Hall, 8:30 pm. U.S.S.R., Moscow, Kent 103, 4 pm. 8:30 pm. 01 lne diversity 01 law practice in ana msiory.will also be studied.The deterrent, educative, and ha-bituative roles of legal sanctionsare due for investigation by thecenter. Drunk driving regulationsand sanctions for other serioustraffic offenses are seen as a Recruiting representatives of the fol¬lowing organizations will visit the officeof career counseling and pacement dur¬ing the week of December 6. Interviewappointments for 1965-66 graduates maybe arranged through L.S. Calvin, room200, Reynolds Club, extension 3284.US Bureau of the Budget, Washington, D.C. - interviewing for staff posi¬tions. Preference given to Master’s de¬gree candidates in law, economics, pointernational relations,different regions of the country.But stress shows throughGood will pervades parley FOR EXAMPLE, does severepunishment of drunk driving, in¬cluding mandatory revocation oflicense, encourage reduction ofcharges and other forms of nullify¬ing the force of legislation?(Continued from page four) bursts tended to set the tone of the inter-institution Society of Stressed Because many criminological ef-the issues discussed. Also, in such conference, they did not totally de- Souls was founded where none be- forts are stifled by inadequate anda heterogeneous group of people, stroy the feeling of good will which fore existed. What this society will deceptive crim^ statistics, an early f^s^depauments forsummeSrU\vorkS mhonest, direct expression is a rare was equally, if less obviously, pres- be able to i ccomplish is another project of the center will be an an- central Research Laboratories of in-For space, we had 1200 question. alysis of gaps in statistics and terchemicai corporation, ciifton. nj -Dick Ganz planning, to allow for more effec US Naval Weapons Laboratory. Dahl-gren, Va. - will interview graduates inmathematics, physics, and statistics atall degree levels. Schedule permitting,will also interview students in abovedisciplines for summer employmentwho will receive sb degrees by June orare at any level of graduate work.US Naval Research Laboratory,Washington, D.C. - students at all de¬gree levels in mathematics and phy¬sics: SM and Ph.D. candidates in chem¬istry (inorganic, organic, physical).Schedule permitting, will also interviewcommodity, because it is difficult ent. For space, weto determine the effect one’s re- beautiful acres of rolling Virginiamarks will have on another person, hills to wander in; the food wasThe people who really could talk to good; and most of the people wereeach other were almost invariably sane.of similar backgrounds, and such a positive effects, if any, thatsituation is not conducive to defin¬ing broad underlying issues.So much for the intellectual con¬tent of the conference. On a morepersonal level, the conference itselftended to take on almost nightmar¬ish proportions. There were sever¬al violent outbursts. One in partic¬ular, made by a teacher in a gen¬eral meeting of the 150 students,teachers, and psychiatrists, attend¬ing the conference attempted anold-style revival through the modeof obscenities, which proved quiteupsetting to the people present.VARIOUS SCENES throughoutthe conference seemed straight outof 8’A, Last Year at Marienbad,and No Exit. Although the out-BOB KELSON MOTORSImport Centro the conference will have are hardto determine at this point. All thatcan now be said is that a sort ofComplete RepairsAnd ServiceFor AH Popular ImportsMidway 3-45016052 So. Cottage Grove HERE! THE NEWTRIUMPH TR-4A!New optional independentrear suspension. New easy-up, easy-down convertibletop. Four forward synchro¬mesh speeds. 110 mph.Rack-and-pinion steering.Disc brakes. Come in soonand test-drive the TR-4A.*2899BOB NELSON MOTORS6052 S. COTTAGE GROVEMl 3-4500FREE DELIVERY3 FREE PEPSIS with each PIZZA(confirm phone: with take out orders only)CAFE ENRICOACROSS FROM THE THY 3-5300 FA 4-5525PIZZACHEESESAUSAGEPEPPER & ONION 1-65BACON & ONION 2.15COMBINATIONMUSHROOM 2.15SHRIMP Med. Large1.45 2.001.80 2.351.65 2.202.15 2.702.40 2.952.15 2.702.40 2.95 DO YOUR HOLIDAY SHOPPING NOW!We'll Ship Them Home for Youafter shave,.,after shower...after hours...the ALL-PURPOSEMEN’S LOTIONTHE STORE FOR MENSitntti anh ©antpua ftlfnpla» the New Byde Park Shopping Center1502-06 K. 55th St. Phone 752-8100December 3. 1965 • CHICAGO MAROON • $ X... ■Mandel Hall speechFarmer on today's Negro Five civil rights groups unite to stageChristmas voter registration projectFive major civil rights organiza- Volunteers will urge Negroes totions (SNCC, MFDP, SCLC, CORE, register by door-to-door canvass-will assist in organizing andThe Negro revolution has raised the hopes and expecta- is much too small and has betions of manv Negroes but as vet has not fulfilled them taken over by city halls many and NAACP) are enllsting college ing’tions ot many INegroes, but as yet nas not lultilled them, urbanareas students to spend a “Freedom publicizing local meetings on voteraccording to civil rights leader James Farmer. what is needed? According to Cbrjstmas” jn the South. Students registration, and will help adminis-Speaking at Mandel Hall on November 22, the national Farmer, “We must attack we the project will be ter voter education projects. They- - - must uproot racism in our national F Jdirector of the Congress of RacialEqality (CORE) stated that prog- an acquittal.” He said that a lawress has been made, but that the making the assault of a civil rightsNegro's feeling of frustration must worker a federal offense is alsopresent voting law:needed.• Thestill be transformed into freedom.. pARMER OPENED by outlin- p helieves that it has great aic U1 uv ~ ’mg the history of the Negro free- *armei Delieves tnat 11 nas gieat cause a man cannot take a job if South Carolina)dom movement and recalling thatthirty years ago it was composedof a small group of idealists whodid not even dream of the presentscope of civil rights.The first real impulse for themovement, in Farmer’s opinion,came from the Second World War.“The angry young men who cameout of World War II saw a contra¬diction at home,” Farmer declared,as they were told they were fight¬ing to disprove forever the theoryof a master race.The CORE leader described thebeginning of Negro action as astate of “spirit and determination,but no organization.” Martin Luth¬er King’s Montgomery bus boycottprovided the needed example, hesaid, and the movement began.Only in the cities and on the ma¬jor highways has progress beenmade in the South, according toFarmer. He believes that the ruralsouthern Negro still has not been culture. The attitude of the nation working during their Christmas va- will live with local families andmust be changed.” cations in on-going Negro voter will be required to provide theirWhat is needed now is education registration projects in six South- own expenses and transportation.and political action, he stated. Job { (Mississippi, Alabama, Steve Arons, Director of Free-training and remedial education ' . . ’ , ’ , ...of primary importance be- Georgia, Louisiana, North and dom Christmas, feds a particularurgency in getting eligible Negroeshe is not skilled for it, and he can- “Freedom Christmas” volunteers registered as soon as possiblenot learn a skill if he cannot read. wjjj worjc primarily in counties since, in all of the Southern states,“Our rimTs'to inv’olve'the'commu- which have federal registrars. Or- a Senatorial seat, Congressionalnity in its own upgrading and give ganizers of the project feel that in seats, and large portions of state,it a political voice.” He indicated these areas a great deal can be ac- countyi and municipal offices willthat in the next few years the complished in the short time at- be decided in 1966.movement will be centered in the lowed. Since primary elections willNorth to work on these specific be held in some areas as early asproblems. May 3- 1966, a summer registrationFREEDOM IS a beginning and drive would come too late to affecta process,” he said in describing the elections.the long range goals of the move¬ment. “By freedom we mean free¬dom of choice.” He said that theghetto will remain, but will be¬come a community where a Negro All pictures on loan fromthe Shapiro collection shouldbe returned to the Student Ac¬tivities Office on or beforemay live if he choses or he may December 8, 9 am to 5 pm.leave. “It should be upgraded and oc. .made a good community.”During the question period whichfollowed the speech Farmer wasasked to justify civil disobedience.James Farmer Fines of 25c per day are leviedfor late returns.wm mmmmoMmmmmm tAnyone interested in participa¬ting in Freedom Christmas should"e repl,ied: “t*w is * choice: <**7, contact David Rosenberg. UC NSA" or take lhe consequences. "I Committe(!i studcnt Governmentconsequencesbreak the law and insist on beingin the registration form availableat the SG Office by December 5.The recruiting and initial screen¬ing of applicants is being handledaffected in terms of better educa- potential, but that the justice de- arrested to maintain law and or- ,A.S, mition. employment, or justice. “As partment is being “timid- in en- der. I believe in disobeying bad terested in participating should tillyet there has not been a payoff in forcing it. laws and receiving the conse-terms of improving his life condi- • The House Un-American Activ- Quences.”tion so his frustration is height- jtjes committee’s (HUAC) investi- HE CITED the Boston tea partyenec1, gation of the Klu Klux Klan: “Call- and the underground railroad as bv°the U^S. National Student Asso-HE ASSERTED that a similar ing HUAC to investigate the Klan examples of the American histori- ciation. The civil rights organiza-situation exists in the North, where is like sending the goose to catch cal basis for civil disobedience and {jons themselves wilf make'the fi-segregation has, in fact, been in- the fox. Legislation banning the said that Eichman was guilty of nai selections. Veterans of previouscreasing and automation has Klan could give the nation a false not practicing civil disobedience. Southern projects and Southerncaused a net loss of jobs. sense of security and accomplish- He then justified breaking good students who are familiar with lo-Speaking of the role of the feder- ment. You cannot ban racism.” laws such as blocking traffic by cal areas are being especiallyal government, Farmer said that • The war on poverty: Although saying, “We do it as the Socratic sought. Between 300 and 600 col-the present laws and proposals are the program had the proper pro- gadfly to awaken people to a great lege students are expected to parti-not enough. He specifically com- fessed goals, Farmer stated that it evil which exists.” cipate in the project,mented on the following federal ac¬tion:• The proposed jury law:Farmer would want a change of . .venue law or possibly a constitu- On December 4 the University of Chicago basketball team termen, and four were regular year students on the returning firsttional amendment to remove civil opens its sixtv-eighth season against Lake Forest College at starters last year. string are Doug Peterson and Kendent,S becfuse'the present'law‘will Lake Forest, Illinois. The new Maroon team, which has been STACG SCHOLARS Marty Cam- Hoganson, boib third year Mu-merely “substitute a hung jury for practicing since the middle of October, will be trying for its bel1 and ^llbain parson dentsseventh winning season in the lastnine years. On Tuesday December 7in Mandel Hall, the Con¬temporary Chamber Flay¬ers of the University ofChicago, under the direc¬tion of Ralph Shapey, willgive their second concert ofthe season.The soloists will be vio¬linist Elliot Golub and bari¬tone Charles van Tassel.The program will includePetrassi’s Serenata, Svde-man's Concerto da CameraNo. 2, the Schoenberg Ser¬enade, Op. 24, and Strettiby Richard Wernick, in¬structor of music and con¬ductor of the UC Sym¬phony.The concert begins at8:30; there is no admissioncharge.Maroons start 68th basketball season tomorrowVISAWILL BE MAKING ITS LAST TRIP OF THE QUARTER TOCHICAGO STATE HOSPITALTHIS SAT., DEC. 4Bus will leave from New Dorms parking lot at 12:30 p.m.v —BOOKSSAYM E R R YCHRISTMASBESTBOOKS SAT Mir CHRISTMAS BESTWOODWORTH'S BOOKSTORE1311 East 57th StreetOpen Seven days a week are expected to be the team’s The team has high expectationsmainstays this year. Last year, for the coming year. Already, inCambell led the team in scoring the pre-season competition it hasAccording to the coach Joseph and rebounds, and Pearson, second won two games and lost one. InStampf, the team has ability, ex- in scoring, sparked the defense their first scrimmage they lost toperience and depth. Of its twenty witb bjs consistently aggressive Wright Junior College. However,members, eight are returning let- play. Backing up these two second since then they have improvedsteadily. They defeated North ParkI College, and more recently George1 Williams College.CHICAGO BASKETBALL hasbeen coached for the last nineyears by Stampf who is now assist¬ed by John Angelus, a graduate ofNorthwestern. Stampf, who grad¬uated from UC in 1941 was an AllAmerican, captain of the basket¬ball team, and high scorer in theBig Ten for two years. Over thelast eight year’s as the Maroon’scoach he has compiled a record ofone hundred victories and forty-two defeats.ANDERSON'SBULKO SERVICE STATION5701 S. COTTAGE GROVE BU 8-9269Specializing in Quick andCourteous serviceFINEST GA5 AT LOWEST PRICESThe Fret ShopNOW HAS\ KLHStereo Music SystemsIncluding the FamousMODEL TWENTYCompact StereoMusic System5210 S. HarperIn Harper CourtNO 7-1060 14 karat goldpierced studsSUPREME(JEWELERSHandbags & Jewelry| of Distinction11452 East 53rd St.| FAlrfax 4-96096 • CHICAGO MAROON • December 3, 1965Illl] CHICAGOLITERARY REVIEWVol. 3, No. 2 December, 1965THE QUALITY OF AMERICAN LIFEThe Americans: The National Ex¬perience, by Daniel J. Boorstin.i^ndom House. $8.95In this second volume of his pro¬jected three volume study of thecourse of American history, Pro¬fessor Daniel J. Boorstin deals•with the period between the Revo¬lution and the Civil War, the eigh¬ty years which saw the Americannation develop from thirteen inde¬pendent colonies united, and tenu¬ously at that, only in their commondesire to secede from the BritishEmpire. The factual details of thisperiod are well known, and Profes¬sor Boorstin, as was to be expectedfrom his earlier volume on Colonialhistory, does not recount themhere. Rather, he is concerned withthe forces and conditions which op¬erated to make the American ex¬perience what it was, the forceswhich at once produced diversityamong regions of the country,while at the same time theybrought the nation into being, andthe forces which made the Ameri¬can experience new and unique.Running through this book isBoorstin’s conviction that what ismost essential in American historyis precisely that which madeAmerica different from the Oldi Ay°rld.New England developed the waythat it did because its inhabitantswere able to work with what theyhad, to turn apparent obstacles togrowth into natural resources. In'Boorstin’s lexicon of early Ameri¬can types, the New Englanderswere the Versatiles:New England did not raise pepperor coffee or sugar or cotton, or anyother staple crop to sell the world,-v* The greatest resource of New Eng¬land was resourcefulness. Usingthe sea, New England versatilitymade the very menaces of thelandscape into articles of com¬merce. “New England,’’ went thecommon taunt, “produces nothingbut granite and ice.” The supreme—* proof of New England ingenuitywas her ability to turn her rockysoil and heavy winters to profit.Because large scale agriculturewas not feasible. New Englandmerchants lived on their wits...Having nothing else to sell, theymade an intercontinental trade inice a vastly profitable business.Finding their countryside coveredwith rocks they found ways tomarket them. The development of$ew England industry followedthis same pattern. Lacking largenumbers of highly trained artisanssuch as were to be found in Eu¬rope, New England developed asystem of manufacturing based onspecialized machines instead ofspecialized men. Characteristic ofthis American system was, for ex¬ample, Eli Whitney’s developmentof a method of manufacturingmuskets which was the first Amer¬ican endeavor in mass production.Machines turned out standardized parts, and any worker could runany machine. The machines, asBoorstin writes, supplied the com¬petence which the workers lacked.The crucial point is that new meth¬ods could develop much more rap¬idly in America than in Europesimply because old methods had notbeen established. In the develop¬ment of New England commerceand industry before the Civil War,the need for rapid progress and thepotentiality of vast profit gave theadvantage to the pragmatic experi¬menter who was willing to takerisks:This New England System wasversatility made into a way of pro¬duction. It grew rut from a speci¬alized skill at making particularthings—guns or clocks or textilesor boots—but from know-how thatcould make anything. It was theoffspring of ingenuity and lack ofskill, or scarce labor and vastmarkets, of abundant water powerand meager raw materials, of pri¬vate ambition and large-scale coop¬eration, of commercial enterprise,corporate capital, government sub¬sidy, and happy accident.In his discussion of early Ameri¬can industry, Boorstin places ma¬jor emphasis on the ingenuity ofthe private individuals who madethe experiments and took the risks.At the same time, however, he isvery successful at bringing out anoften over-looked factor in this de¬velopment, the role of the govern¬ment. The musket factory of Eli Whitney was financed by govern¬ment contract, and would not havebeen possible without it:This first great triumph of theAmerican businessman was a gov¬ernment-sponsored and govern¬ment-aided (but not government-run) venture.A popular American misconcep¬tion about our early history cen¬ters around the legendary figure ofthe solitary pioneer setting out a-lone or with his family to make anew life for himself in the West.This figure is a largely mythicalone, and for Boorstin the fact thatconditions forced the early Ameri¬cans moving West both to travel ingroups and to settle in communi¬ties had crucial consequences forthe later development of Americanlife. The New Englanders were theVersatiles; the men who movedWest were the Transients:New institutions grew as the Tran¬sients traveled. In order to travel,they had to make new communi¬ties. They had to devise lawsquickly and enforce them swiftly,without benefit of books or law¬yers. They had to leave people andthings behind. Above all, they hadto be willing to go ahead anyhow,forming new communities, withoutwaiting for God or government toprepare their way.When the Western travelers set¬tled down to the task of buildingtowns and later cities in the vastwilderness of the American West,they became what Boorstin callsthe Upstarts; and the patterns ofthought and action which they de¬ veloped in response to the condi¬tions under which they had towork gave rise to institutionswhich had lasting effects on thedevelopment of American life, andwhich served to differentiateAmerican culture more and morefrom previous European exper¬ience :Speedy growth made men andcommunities and cities and gov¬ernments what they had neverbeen in the Old World. A quick-grown city, founded and built bythe living generation, lacked monu¬ments from the past. It was over¬whelmed by its imaginary presentgreatness and its debt to the fu¬ture. The very existence of an Up¬start city depended on the ability toattract free and vagrant people.The strength of ancient metropol¬ises came from the inability, theunwillingness or the reticence ofpeople to leave, but the New Worldcities depended on new-formed loy¬alties and enthusiasms, shallow-rooted, easily transplanted.The Upstart cities of the Ameri¬can West rested fundamentally onthe enthusiasm of the settlers.They were cities built in haste,lacking history or tradition, onlyjustified by the functions whichthey served. If they ceased to grow,they ceased to exist, and were leftabandoned. The Upstarts lived ontheir hopes, and had nothing if notambition. The future of the cityand the futures of its inhabitantswere inextricably connected, andthis gave rise to a new type ofpeculiarly American man, whatBoorstin calls the Booster, mensuch as William B. Ogden, theleading patron of Chicago. Theneed to make one’s city grow if onewas to prosper led to the develop¬ment of an American press whichwas fiercely competitive, and thiscompetitiveness was also manifest¬ed in contests between cities tofound colleges, secure railroads,build hotels, and become politicalcapitals. This competition was re¬sponsible for the unprecedentedrate of growth in the AmericanWest during the nineteenth centu¬ry. This spirit of competitivenessled the citizens of Western cities tospeak what Boorstin calls the lan¬guage of anticipation. Their hopesfor their cities were reflected inthe names they were given. A listof the ghost towns abandoned dur¬ing this period in Kansas, becausethey could not survive the competi¬tion with their neighbors, includestwo Londons, two Romes, an Ath¬ens, a Berlin, a Paris, and even aCalcutta.The New England Versatile andthe Western Booster were in reali¬ty very similar types of men livingand working in different environ¬ments. The parallel does not holdfor the other major region of thecountry: Boorstin deals at lengthwith how the South, largely as aresult of the paralyzing effect ofslavery, came to consider itself,and in fact came to be, a regionapart from the rest of the country.Although he has many interesting(Continued on page five)i“WORDS. WORDS. WORDS”The Careful Writer, by Theo¬dore M. Bernstein. Atheneum.$7.95. A Dictionary of ModernEnglish Usage, by H. W. Fowl¬er. Second edition, revised andedited by Sir Ernest Gowers.Oxford University Press. $5.00.The titles make it rather clearthat Mr. Bernstein is talking aboutthe written language, and thatFowler deals with both writingand speech; as most Americanshave a pronouncing dictionary be¬fore they consider buying a bookon usage, however, Fowler will notautomatically be preferred toBernstein on that account. I thinkthat Fowler ought indeed to bepreferred to Bernstein, though:Fowler is a better grammarian, abetter stylist, and, most important,a better teacher than Bernstein.Before discussing the differ¬ences between the two men, oneought to admit their evident simi¬larities. Both of them have an un¬disguised contempt for descriptivelinguistics—Bernstein even goes sofar as to include in his book an es¬say reviling the undiscriminatingpractices of Webster’s Third Inter¬national Dictionary. On the otherhand, both recognize that a form¬erly disreputable idiom or usagemay pass into the language. Whileboth of them attempt to preservethe purity of formal English, bothlash out at over-refinements (like“T h e Audience held theirbreaths.”). They have the samephilosophy of language, and yet inpractice Bernstein tends to be a bitsloppier.Both of them feel, for example,that some cases of the split infini¬tive are right and others arewrong. It is wrong to split the in¬finitive if it is as easy and asgraceful not to. Both would agreethat the following sentence is notfelicitous: “It is the intention ofthe Minister of Transport to sub¬stantially increase all present ratesby means of a general percentage.”Chicago literary ReviewEDITOR David H. RichterASSOCIATE EDITORS SusanYaegerRichard PollackSTAFF: Philip Altbach, Marc Cogan,Brian Corman, Richard Eno, JulianaGeran, Morton Goldstein, John Graf¬ton, Bernard Grofman, Robert Haven,Lily Hunter, Robert Levey, John Lion,Derry Malsch, Douglas Mitchell, GaryPorter, Peter Rabinowitz, MonicaRaymond, Paul Rochmes, Paula Say¬ers, Eric Simachus, Clive Staples, Ed¬ward Tenner, Irving Washington.SCAPEGOAT ... Richard L. SnowdenThe Chicago Literary Reviewstaff artist is Jan Gregg. MissGregg, who lives in the HydePark area, does lithography aswell as her satirical line draw¬ings. She is interested in sellingher work, and can be reached atButterfield 8-7596.The Chicago Literary Review, circula¬tion 14,000, is published by the Univer¬sity of Chicago six times per year, inOctober, December, February,March, April, and May; it is distribut¬ed by the Chicago Maroon and theValparaiso Torch; editor, David H.Richter; associate editors Susan Yae¬ger and Richard Pollack. Editorial of¬fice is located at 1212 E. 59th St.,Chicago .37, Illinois. Subscriptions tothe Chicago Literary Review are $1.00per year. Obviously the word “substantially”could go after “rates” without dis¬turbing the rhythm of the sen¬tence.Both would agree that oneshould split the infinitive if thesentence would otherwise be am¬biguous or clumsy. “Our object isto further cement trade relationswith India,” carries a definitemeaning; putting “further” beforethe infinitive would be clumsy;putting it afterwards would be am¬biguous. So far, so good. Bernsteingives a third case of the justifiablesplit infinitive, however, which isnot so unexceptionable. Sometimes,he says, it is almost impossible toavoid the split, and one of his ex¬amples is “He refused to so muchas listen to the prisoner’s appear.”Not only is this construction clum¬sy, but it does not require rackingone’s brains to come up with “Herefused even to listen,” which getsrid of both faults without changingthe meaning.The very first article, on theharmless word “a”, shows a minorinstance of Bernstein’s sloppiness.Fowler states quite clearly that“a” is used before all consonantalsounds, both the unwritten “y” ofunit and eulogy and the “w” ofone. Bernstein omits the latter casealtogether, leaving us to supposethat he would write of “an once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.”In some cases, Fowler and Bern¬stein contradict each other, and thereader pays his money and takeshis cherce. Should one write, “Ev¬eryone thought so but I,” or “Ev¬eryone thought so but me”? Fowl¬er opts for the former, Bernsteinfor the latter. Both would agreewith “Everyone but I thought so,”and the timorous writer may wishto avoid the question of whether“but” is here a proposition or aconjunction by this circumlocution.Again, Bernstein describes“ain’t” as completely illiterate,while Fowler takes a more moder¬ate view. “Ain’t” or “an’t”, hesays, are useless when used forisn’t or aren’t, as there are perfectly correct words for these uses,“but it is a pity that a (i) n’t for amnot, being a natural contractionand supplying a real want, shouldshock us as though tarred with thesame brush.” The overly formal“am I not” or “am not I” have tobe dragged out of the verbal closet,lest the speaker fall into the “un¬grammatical” “aren’t I” or the “il¬literate” “ain’t I.”Sometimes Bernstein inflicts hisprejudices upon the reader, givinglittle or erroneous explanation.The preposition “among” is usedwhen the relationship of the partsis vague, according to Bernstein.No, Mr. Bernstein, it is used whenthe relationship is collectivelyshared, and vagueness is not neces¬sary. The verb “delay” connoteshindering and impeding to Bern¬stein, who contrasts it with post¬pone for this reason. But no onewould say “He delayed the appear¬ance of the book by postponing itspublication.” The distinction, if itis indeed present at all, is far toonice even for careful writers. Andwhen Bernstein claims that“would-be assassin” is redundantbecause an assassin “is one whoeither kills or tries to kill treacher¬ously,” the careful writer shouldrebel. The schlemihl who missed Franklin Roosevelt and killed Jo¬seph Cermak was not Roosevelt’sassassin, but his would-be assassin.One of the more irritatingthings about The Careful Writer isits arch humor. Of “yclept”(which I have never in my lifeseen outside Middle English) hewrites “As a serious word it is ar¬chaic ; as humor it is archaic hat.”Of “deipnosophist” he says, “Onewho is good at dinnertable conver¬sation is a deipnosophist . . . Thereis no reason for this entry unless itis to point out that with a wordlike that to describe himself, evenan amateur deipnosophist is off toa flying start.” Of “omphaloskep-sis”: “A word meaning contempla¬tion while gazing at the navel, om-phaloskepsis would be of use onlyto a diepnosophist. And it has nomore business appearing here thanhas deipnosophist.” In a handbookof usage, Mr. Bernstein, one maywell ask why you include “om-phaloskepsis” and “deipnosophist”—but no discussion of the use ofcases in the English language.Sometimes Mr. Bernstein’sknowledge of the classical tonguestempts him into pedantry. Al¬though “epidemic” means “amongthe people,” etymologically, itsspecific meaning is a wide-spreadcontagious disease. To insist upon“an epidemic of typhoid in HongKong” and an “an epizootic of an¬thrax among Belgian sheep,” asBernstein does, is learned, but use¬less. Similarly, to say “hoi polloi”(the people) instead of the redun¬dant “the hoi polloi” is to inviteridicule, useless one is speaking toa group of classicists: the phrasehas passed into the language (eventhough it is not used by the hoi pol¬loi) in the tautological form. Andsince “A.D.” means “in the year ofthe Lord,” Bernstein would ap¬prove “A.D. 21,” but not “21A.D ,” which would imply thatBernstein condemns the practice ofnearly every English and Ameri¬can historian.Taking the place of the dictiona¬ry (as he did with “omphaloskep-sis”) Bernstein defines “bathos”as (1) dull matter-of-factness or(2) an absurd descent from thesublime to the ridiculous. But hissecond definition, of which Pope’s“Or soil her honour, or her newbrocade” is an example, is toobroad, in that “bathos” is used todescribe a ludicrous, unintentionaldescent from high matter to low.Few professors of English woulddescribe Pope’s line as “bathetic.”In these instances Bernsteinshows a contempt for modern, edu¬cated usage, and a preference forthe purists’ version of English,which seriously lower the value ofhis book. Careful writers maywant to write in English, ratherthan in Latin, Greek, and Bern-setinian.Fowler is not without pitfallsfor the American reader, generallybecause of the difference betweenBritish and American spelling,pronunciation, and punctuation(M. for Monsieur, but Mile forMademoiselle). Unlike Bernstein,however, Fowler manages to bewitty without being arch, and in¬clusive without being pedantic. Hislong articles on the various gram¬matical problems are carefully or¬ganized by topic (unlike Bern¬stein’s, which tend to be discur¬ sive) , and there is an index at thebeginning of the book to help thereader find the proper articlewithout having to hunt throughthe 725 page book.It should be understood that notall of Bernstein’s entries in TheCareful Writer are like those Ihave here cited. It is actually anexcellent try at an American ver¬sion of Fowler. But a writer whotries to set down rules for othersshould be prepared to defend everyentry and example in the bookwith principles, or (where princi¬ples do not exist) by common edu¬cated usage. I do not feel thatBernstein can do that—which iswhy I must conclude that Fowlerremains the guide for Englishgrammar and usage.Irving WashingtonMr. Washington is a first-year grad¬uate student in the department ofEnglish.Table of ContentsDrama:Marat/Sade, by Peter Weiss 3Language:The Careful Writer, by TheodoreBernstein and A Handbook ofModern English Usage, by H.W. Fowler, Second Edition 2Novels:The Savage State, by GeorgesConchon 4The Red and the Green, by IrisMurdoch and The Emperor ofIce-Cream, by Brian Moore....5The Higher Animals, A Romance,by H.E.F. Donohue 7Journal from Ellipsia, by Hor-tense Calisher 7The Trout, by Roger Vailland 8The Man with the Golden Gun,by Ian Fleming and The JamesBond Dossier, by KingsleyAmis 9Philosophy:Love, Knowledge and Discoursein Plato, by Herman Sinaiko..l2Social Science:The Americans: The NationalExperience, by DanielBoorstin 1On Escalation: Metaphors andScenarios, by Herman Kahn...8Texts and Contexts:The Autobiographies of W.B.Yeats and A Vision, byW.B. Yeats 6Thought, Action and Passion,by Richard McKeon 6FROM THE EDITORS:With this issue, the Valpara¬iso University Torch joins theChicago Maroon in distributingthe Chicago Literary Review,raising our circulation to 14,000copies per issue.We hope to publish reviews byValparaiso students under theguidance of an associate editorat that campus, beginning withthe next issue of the ChicagoLiterary Review.We hope to extend further thenumber of schools distributingand contributing to the Review,just as we have already extend¬ed its size and scope.Qur thanks are due, as al¬ways, to the beneficence ofWayne Booth, dean of the Col¬lege, of CORSO, and of the 75thanniversary committee, whohave made the Review financial¬ly possible.And to our readers, old andnew, we wish a happy holidayseason.David H. Richter,EditorSusan Yaeger,Associate EditorRichard Pollack,Associate Editor2 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • December, 1965-'; ^-3s - 'A-w , -s s*- ”■• -•’"■r ■TOTAL CHAOS AS AiThe Persecution and Assasina-tion of Jean Paul Marat as Per¬formed by the Inmates of the Asy-Jum at Charenton under the Dl¬l’’rection of the Marquis De Sade,By Peter Weiss. John Calder andSons. $3.00.t { Marat/Sade is one of the most^important plays of this century. Itbrings into relief the central prob¬lem involved in modern theatre atthis time: how can one present amodern idea of characterization/vyhich rejects both the nineteenthcentury notion of man as a rationalanimal, and its stylistic vehicle “di¬dactic realism,” the nihilisticnotion of many which is implicit inthe present day “Theatre of the Ab-1 surd.” “Didactic realism” is insep-erable from rationalism; and ra¬tionalism, at least in the yearspreceding Ibsen, was inseperablefrom the growth of science. It soonbecame evident about the time ofEinstein, however, that classical apriori logic was incapable of deal¬ing with the kinds of propositionsthat were being placed before it..The quantum theory suggestedthat certain forms of energyshared the properties of both par¬ticles and waves, a logical impossi¬bility; Einstein invalidated the ra¬tional concepts of time and space.The disintegration of the realis¬tic theatre followed in the wake ofthe rationally conceived vision ofthe universe. It is true that therewere writers before the end of thecentury whose concept of man’snature failed to be contained with¬in the bounds of rationality, but"these writers were the exceptionrather than the rule. The point,however, is the effect that thesediscoveries, coupled with the revo¬lution called Freud, left on themind of the average intellectual.The reaction that followed was im¬mediate; material realism wasabandoned in art, and the non-ra-tional underside of man came burst¬ing to the surface in a mass ofcults and movements such as Cu¬bism, Vorticism, Surrealism, Ex¬pressionism, Imagism, and Da¬daism, each in its own way seek¬ing to create a new image of manthat would be acceptable for thetwentieth century.In the theatre, each of thesemovements left its mark on tech¬nique. It was not so muchthat realism or didacticism wereinvalid as that often they were- pot the best vehicle for ex¬pressing the kinds of problems thattwentieth century playwrites weredealing with. The revolution inform first gained widespread popu¬lar acceptance with Brecht. Al--though didacticism was still themain tool of dialogue, new thingsbegan to happen in terms of physi¬cal presentation. Mother Couragesaw the advent of “Alienation.”or the art of placing an action at a^-psychological distance from theaudience at the expense of objec¬tive characterization, so that it canbe judged in relation to the worldwhich surrounds it. The GoodWoman of Setzuan utilized the act¬ual scizophrenic division of char- 4Iacter on stage in order to examinethe nihilistic, irrational side of theprotagonist.But it was not until the adventof Artaud and Camus that the rev¬olution in theatrical technique be¬gan to receive any philosophicalsupport. Artaud lamented the rup¬ture between things and words,between things and the ideas thatthey represent. He postulated a“theatre of cruelty” in whichworlds were restored to a primalmagical meaning through their re¬presentation as violent physicalacts. The stage was to exude a“grand guignol” atmosphere and afrenzy of artistic nihilism was toreign. Camus created an existenti¬al philosophy of the “absurd” inhis Myth of Sisyphus, but used aclassical didactic method of pre¬sentation as a playwrite.Finally, in the fifties, Genet,Beckett, and Ionesco, the three ma¬jor exponents of the absurd, wenta step further and adopted theform of the technique to the philo¬sophical content of their plays.Their theatre not only lacks objec¬tively valid characters, it oftenlacks objectively valid objects. Itneither expounds a thesis nor dt-4i bates ideological propositions; it isa theatre of situation rather thana theatre of events in sequence.But most important, it uses lan¬guage based on patterns of imagesrather than didactic argument ordiscursive speech. This final aban¬donment of the idea that logicaldiscourse can offer valid solutionsor reveal basic concepts is the fullrealization of both artistic and so¬cial nihilism.Weiss fully realizes this dilemmain Marat/Sade. Historically, theplay takes place in 1808, a timewhen post-revolution atittudeswere bringing the “Age of Rea¬son” into full sway. The occasionfor presentation is the perfor¬mance of one of the many playsthat De Sade wrote for the thera-puetic benefit of the patients dur¬ing his confinement at the asylumat Charenton from 1801 to 1814,but the play itself is entirelyWeiss’s creation, It depicts the ri¬tual assasination of Jean-PaulMarat, one of the radical leaders ofthe Revolution, by Charlotte Cor-day, a religious fanatic. What is sofascinating about Marat is the factthat he realizes that the revolutionDecember, 1965 • has become an uncontrollable blood¬bath, and yet he still doggedly be¬lieves that humanistic action is ef¬fective in the face of universalchaos.Like Marat himself, the patientwho plays him is afflicted with anincurable skin disease and confinedto a bath to relieve the itching.Charlotte Corday is played by apatient suffering from a sleepingsickness, so it becomes necessarythat she be continually proddedthroughout her speeches in orderto stay awake. Her fellow conspir¬ator and lover, Duperret, isplayed by an erotomaniac who usesevery opportunity to take advan¬tage of her. James Roux, the rab¬ble rouser, is played by a manic-depressive who often can onlyshout half incoherent slogans, andwho scrambles about the stage in afrenzy until he is beaten into sub¬mission by the male nurses andSisters who keep order among thepatients. Coulmier, the director ofthe institution, continually at¬tempts to assert his censorial au¬thority over the proceedings. Inaddition, other patients art(Continued on page four)CHICAGO JLITERARY REVIEWTHE SAVAGE IN OUR SOULSThe Savage State by GeorgesConchon, Holt, Rinehart & Win-ston $4.50Two literary genres fuse in thiswork, that of the novel of socialprotest and that of the work whosematerial has its immediate roots ina deeply felt personal experience ofthe writer’s. The expose or novel ofprotest form has been a vehicle ofexpression for writers as diverseas Dickens and Sinclair Lewis, andfinds its dramatic counterpart inplays by such writers as Shaw,Brecht, Miller, and many of thecurrent crop of American liberalplaywrights. It has taken theforms of satire, first-person narra¬tives or diaries, impersonal and an¬alytical treatments, and out-and-out farce. The history of the artis¬tically structured communicationof a personal experience extends asfar back as St. Paul, encompassingalong the way writers like Zolaand Hemingway.A great many insidious pools ofquicksand lie between intentionand accomplishment in the path ofthe writer of either type of novel.He must avoid mawkish sentimen¬tality or over-simplification of theissues, on the one hand, and thedanger of weakly structured ecsta¬tic ramblings on the other. In onecase he has an axe to grind, and somust produce a work that is con¬vincing as well as artistically valid.In the other he must prune anddiscipline his impressions so thatthe work is structurally sound andengaging as well as true.Georges Conchon’s masterfulfulfillment of all of these condi¬tions is genuinely impressive. TheSavage State burns into the mind aspectacle of human depravity socunningly constructed that thehorror of full realization tracks uson panthers feet through dozens ofpages before we turn around, on a sudden * premonition, and realizewhat has been keeping us compa¬ny.From that moment on, theevents move with almost surrealis¬tic rapidity, as though freed of theburden of our previous incompre-h e n s i o n. Their kaleidoscopicsuccession is dizzying, nauseating,and nightmarish, without everbeing false to the vivid sense ofreality that is so important to Con¬chon’s purpose. Like the windingsheet of death the events issueforth with an unerring sense oftheir destination, surround andachieve their goal, and recede slow¬ly into the black depths fromwhich they came.It was Conchon’s own exper¬ience as Secretary General of theCentral African Republic from1958 to 1960 that moved him towrite this book. It is on the subjectof human brutality. But it is notlittered with archetypes and Uni¬versal Men whose bestial actionscondemn, by logical extension, thewhole of the human race. Conchondid not choose the primitive settingin order to write a parable of lacondition humaine. If there is a lit¬tle bit of all these savage charac¬ters in each of us, that makes it allthe more unsettling, of course.This side of things is not meant tobe ignored. Conchon would be gladto have moved every man to exam¬ine his own soul in the flickeringlight of his fictionalized world. Butthis is no Passage to India; theseare not jolly, normal, though per¬haps stuffy folks from back home,who just aren’t flexible enough toreact intelligently to a foreign civi¬lization and who thereby causepain and a large measure of chaos.The white figures who inhabit thepages of The Savage State are alldeplorable failures as humanbeings; their propensity for caus¬ ing pain and destruction is not lim¬ited to.,their present surroundings.It is horribly appropriate that theydo find themselves gathered in anAfrican state, where every whiteman who is personally inadequatecan step into a ready-made role,and fill out his barren personalitywith prejudices; where he canbask in the warmth of a communi¬ty v'mse members share his flightfrom the self and who are revived,as by a heady wine, by the oppor¬tunities for playing white king in ablack state. If such people have aspiritual home at all, this is surelyit.In all four of the major charac¬ters (three European and one na¬tive) we see many of the samesigns of advanced spiritual decay—the lack of a clear self-image andhence of true self-sufficiency; lackof any purpose by the light ofwhich to direct their lives; the ab¬sence of any fixed moral or ethicalstandards; and the constant distor¬tion of reality beyond recognitionin their own tangled minds. Eachneeds reflecting mirrors aroundhim to tell him who he is; and foreach, this is the only purpose thatother human beings serve.There are, of course, other levelsof savagery in the book—that ofthe truly savage native poeple, forthe most part untouched by civili¬zation ; and that of the mass of Eu¬ropeans, and the small group ofnative leaders, whose brutality islargely the result of pride and ex¬cessive role-consciousness. Theinexperienced, barely civilized na¬tive leaders are childishly irration¬al, their nerve ends rubbed raw bythe climate of race hatred. Thewhites too see themselves simply asmembers of a group, and they area decadent, belligerent and morallyspineless aggregation, just as cap¬ able as the natives of blindly ireasoning behavior.This interplay of various levand kinds of savagery constitulthe subtly woven fabric of The Svage State. It is a rich fabric, 1cause Conchon is a superbly giftwriter, and a writer whose o\perceptions in the midst of a woivery much like this enable himmake the horrible believable, tdespicable comprehensible, so tfr;reading, we must believe althoujwe would not. By the nature of 1chosen subject, so foreign to tcivilized Westerner, he treads ;almost invisibly thin line betwe<the believable and the unreal:*takes a writer of great skill to covince us that such things as he tcounts are not merely grotesqexaggerations of reality; Conch*convinces. Even at those momenwhen our faith falters, it is ),cause we are overwhelmed withfeeling that this world and its pcpie are absurd. Yet this is notdamning sentiment, for absurdiiis simply the familiar carried igreat extremes. The very povnthis book has to numb and shock ilies in this extravagantly foreipbehavior by our fellow humabeings. Even while our credulitseems to falter at the most extrermoments, even while a hollow, drbelieving laugh rises within us,is only because we wish most ;those moments to deny that Cmchon’s story can be true, becausehurts us to believe it. Perhaps wlaugh, but it is the laugh minglewith tears that the Absurd pla.vwrights know so much about. If wcan excape from Conchon’s daiworld at all, it is only after thimagnificent book is finally closefor the last time.Susan YaegsMiss Yiieger is u fifth-year studentin the committee on general studiesin the humanities.TOTAL CHAOS AS A FINE ART(Continued from page 3;pressed into service as the mob:singers, mimes, and musicians; it isupon this last group that much ofthe non-verbal interpretation ofthe play falls.On a superficial level, theuniqueness of the play is a mattercf form. In it, Weiss uses each ofthe four representative theatricaltechniques of this century — di¬dacticism, absurdism, Brechtianalienation, and theatre of cruelty.The didactic element in the play isrealized in a series of stylized de¬bates between De Sade, as a rep¬resentative of the destructive nihil¬istic side of man, and Marat, whosepleas for a new humanism basedon the scientific regulation of so¬ciety mirror the ethos of the com¬ing “Age of Reason.” The break¬down of didacticism is representedby the absurdist and Artaudianityli*tic elements in the fierce, oft¬en offensive grotesqu«ry of the pa¬tients and their childlike preoccu¬pation with cruelty and death, andthe wild, often non-sensicalrhythm of speech and action. It isin this sense that Marat/Sade is aproblem play. The diiema thatWeise finds himself In, both as a stylist and a human being, is mostclearly stated in Marat’s plea:The important thing is to pullyourself up by your own hair, toturn yourself inside out, and seethe world with fresh eyes.To any serious artist, style can¬not be separated from meaning,and for Weiss, each of the tech¬niques indicates an aspect of manwhich must be realized and dealtwith. If Marat is finally killed, andthe stage collapses in chaos, it isnot before he has given his plea.This plea is not fully answered inMarat/Sade; Weiss has not reallycreated a synthesis of personalitywhich allows man his irrationalstde, yet preserves his basic digni¬ty and humanity; but at least hehas created a temporary balance,and has indicated that such a syn¬thesis in style and throught is bothpossible and necessary for this age.And it is precisely Weiss’s painfulawareness of this problem thatprevents his play from being mere¬ly a fashionable mixture of themost effective theatrical ingredi¬ents. Stylistically, he hasgone a long way towards solvingthe problem by breaking down oneof the most time-honored concepts of the modern theatre: the ideathat Brechtian alienation for thepurpose of objective debate ofprinciples is in direct oppostion tothe Artaudian idea of the creationof meaning through violent emo¬tional confrontations.Yet in the final analysis, a playmust be judged in relation to its ef¬fectiveness as art, and here wemust apply the objective standardsby which we have judged dramasince the Greeks—originality of in¬vention, suggestive power, thetruth of the psychological imagesconcerned, and their depth anduniversality, and the skill by whichthey are translated into stageterms. The emotional and intellec¬tual impact of Weiss’s drama isultimately concerned with a cer¬tain theatrical density w'hich isvery near to the Elizabethan ideaof drama. The play is not beautifulin the classical sense, but it is aliveand pulsing, and the aesthetic com¬pleteness of Weiss’s creation is notjust a consequence of its scope andtruth, but a product of his artisitcingenuity and competence as apoet.The much abused idea of “total theatre.” or getting all the e!ements of the stage to serve th<purpose of the drama is here, Ithink, finally achieved. It allow.'the author like Shakespeare working wdth the possibilities of fretverse, to strike out irrelevent detailand superfluous action, and t<cram each moment with thought,movement, sounds, and ideas whichcreate for him the highly complexand sustained aesthetic life of hisplay.The London production by theRoyal Shakespeare Company uu=der the direction of Peter Brookemphasized the play’s potential asspectacle, w'hich easily invites theintellectual part of the mind towinder. Since Brock is directingthe New York production, andsince this production is the onewhich w'ill probably reach the Mid¬west, I would suggest that youread the play before seeing it. Theplay as “closet drama” is great ^wrhen one considers the possibili¬ties for staging such a monster, themind ( at least this one) reels.John LionMr. Lion is a fourth-year student inthe college majoring in English,4 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • December, If65ly un- THE UNHOLY LAND OF IRELANDThe Red and the Green, by IrisMurdoch. Viking Press. $4.95.The Emperor of Ice-Cream, byBrian Moore. Viking Press. $4.95.“Ireland has outlived the failure ofall her hopes—and yet she stillhopes"—Roger Casement (hanged fortreason because of his connectionwith the Easter Rising, 1916)The historical novel, more ap¬propriately termed the novel cen¬tered around historical events, hasalways been a popular vehiclewhereby an author can form hischaracters and his plot. Well-known historical events lend them¬selves to use as basic contexts uponwhich a novel may be structured,because history provides the neces¬sary impulsions which generatethe novelistic plot movement. Thereader is also given a familiar fo¬cal point which enables him to ad¬just to and feel comfortable in thenovelistic situation.Both Miss Murdoch and Mr.Moore adopt this technique, andthey use it in very similar ways.Both choose Ireland as the locationfor their novels; both see theessential nature of twentieth cen¬tury Ireland embodied in its frus¬tration over the repeated failuresto achieve Home Rule and inde¬pendence, and in its resentment ofthe English under whose subjec¬tion they lay for so long. Yet thegreat differences between the twonovels, despite the similarity of thsubjects, shows why history hasbeen used as a basis for so manynovels by so many authors. Thereis always enough freedom for in¬vention within the historical con¬text to allow the device of the his¬tory to remain but a device—ratherthan a burden.The Red and the Green is set inIreland in early 1916. World War Ihas been going on for nearly twoyears. Nothing seems to be hap¬pening; it is a phony war which is accomplishing nothing except pre¬venting Home Rule from takingeffect in Ireland. The Irish leadersare becoming impatient: they feela need for a forceful demonstra¬tion in order to end the prolongeddelays. Pressure is building, soonto explode in bloodshed on EasterMonday.The people of Ireland and theirdiverse attitudes are encompassedin one very large and very complexfamily (so complex that Miss Mur¬doch provides us with a chart ofthe family’s lineage, marriages andcross-marriages). Our protagonistis Andrew Chase-White, an Anglo-Irish boy (more Anglo than Irish,he feels) of one-and-twenty, whohas accompanied his mother toDublin. She had removed herselffrom London to avoid the war, de¬ciding to settle with the Irishbranch of the family.A soldier in the British army onleave through the Easier holidays,Andrew has to face the unpleasantprospect of visiting his many Irishrelatives. He has never liked Ire¬land, and has always felt forcedinto an unpleasant—and unsuc¬cessful—rivalry with his Irish cous¬ins. The only reason for his pres¬ence, he feels, is to see his friendand supposed fiancee FrancesBellman.The story proper begins withAndrew’s arrival in Dublin a weekor so before the Easter Rising. Insuccessive chapters Miss Murdochcarries forward the events of thestory through the eyes of the var¬ious characters. Most of the var¬ious characters. Most of the narra¬tors are rather ordinary, but twostand out. The first is Pat Dumay,Andrew’s older cousin, who is mostdefinitely Irish in viewpoint. He isone of the revolutionaries, and op¬poses Andrew’s ideas in every¬thing. He is a strong character,and this strength not only makeshim popular with the ladies, butalso raises ambivalent feelings about him in Andrew.The other is Aunt Millie, a livelywidow with a not wholly undes¬erved reputation for being fast andfrivolous. Pat attracts the women;Millie, the men. “ ‘Millie has style’was the sort of remark which peo¬ple tended to make.” Although allthe characters are given “equaltime”, it is Pat and Millie -whoreally give impetus to the story.After Andrew’s proposal is re¬fused by Frances, he is at a lossand turns to Millie for help. Thisleads to an amazing scene in whichall four of the main male charac¬ters are at Millie’s house at once.Although each of the men is gener¬ally unaware of the presence ofanyone but himself, the night hasenormous repercussions for all ofthem, for many relationships arecreated and destroyed that night.Throughout The Red and theGreen, each character undergoesan unfolding and a development,are shown the same event in manydifferent lights. Miss Murdoch’smessage seems to be that men arevery complex, too complex for usto be able to predict or pass judg¬ment upon their behavior. The epi¬logue restates this theme of thecomplexity of human affairs, forFrances’ husband’s remark aboutthe Rising (“It made no sense atall. Home Rule was coming any¬way. Only a lot of disgruntled fa¬natics wanted to draw attention tothemselves. It was pure bloody-minded romanticism. . .”) castsdoubt not only upon the motiva¬tions of the revolutionists, but alsoupon the judgment of the Risingitself.The Emperor of Ice-Creamtakes place in the next generation,during the early years of WorldWar II. It takes place, more specifi¬cally, in Protestant Belfast, amonga Catholic family. Irish feeling against the English Is as strongnow as it was in 1916; the Irishhave refused to take part in thewar, hoping for the downfall ofBritain. But Northern Ireland isstill part of the British Empire,and defense preparations and re¬cruitment are going on in Belfast.Gavin Burke, aged seventeen,feels himself a failure: he fits inwith neither his Catholic familynor with Protestant Belfast; hehas failed his college entrance ex¬aminations; he sees himself asdominated by vice, as a sex-fiend;he is in love with a devout Catholicgirl.World War II, like the war inMiss Murdoch’s novel, seems to bea phony war. To kill time until hecan retake his exams, Gavinjoins the Air Raid Precautions(ARP) a collection of the joblessand hopeless, made up of an alco¬holic gentleman a seventy-two yearold ex-soldier with dyed hair, ayoung Communist, and several oldladies. In charge of this unit isPost-officer Craig, a would-be Ma¬rine sergeant highly frustrated bythe lack of action in Belfast, andeven more so by the fact that hiscommand is a platoon of stretcher-carriers and bandage-tiers.Most of the action centersaround the ARP, its people and itseffects upon Gavin. As he becomesinvolved with his “Scum of the Or¬ange Lodges” associates, as he goesmore and more into the world, hebecomes more distant to his familyand girlfriend. He feels that hisBlack Angel is taking pver andcrushing the White one. He seeshimself driven to “vice” and“evil.” These episodes, which form(Continued on page eleven)THE QUALITY OF AMERICAN LIFE(Continued from page one)things to say about certain South¬ern institutions—the code of honoramong gentlemen, the spread ofdueling etc.—it seems clear that theconsequences for the nation of thepeculiar development of the Southin this period are too well known torequire comment here.Let us turn from this considera¬tion of the separate regions of thenew nation to the development ofthe nation as a whole, a develop¬ment which was remarkably dif¬ferent from what the course of Eu¬ropean history had seen:From a European point of view,the creation of the United Stateswas topsy-turvy. Its very existencewas a paradox. Modern nations ofWestern Europe, like France orEngland, had been founded when apower at the center succeeded indominating the local units. But theUnited States was born when thir¬teen separate regional govern¬ments asserted their powersagainst the central authority inLondon. The nation was a by-pro¬duct of the assertion of each colo¬ny’s right to govern itself.When the thirteen coloniesachieved their independence fromBritain, the leading American po¬litical tradition had been a seces¬sionist one. What is remarkable, Boorstin points out, in the later po¬litical development of America, isnot that the states were so reluc¬tant to establish a central authori¬ty, but that they established one atall. The resulting federal govern¬ment was a genuine novelty, acompromise neither entirely feder¬al nor entirely local. Politicalthought before the Revolution, asseen in Hobbes and in Locke, hadcome to stress the idea that politi¬cal sovereignty was indivisible,and Montesquieu, like others in¬cluding John Adams and Hamil¬ton, had doubted whether republi¬can institutions could survive overso vast an area as the new nationcomprised. American experiencesuccessfully contradicted both ofthese ideas. Sovereignty was divid¬ed between national and state gov¬ernment, and the size of the coun¬try did not force it to abandon re¬publican government. Political un¬ification was achieved by politicalparties, a theme which Boorstindoes not develop here in detail, butwhich I suspect will be en¬larged upon in the final volume ofthis trilogy.At the same time that these po¬ litical developments were takingplace, America was achieving herindependence in other ways aswell. A new language, a new cul¬ture, and, inevitably, a new mythol¬ogy took shape in this first periodof American national history.Boorstin deals at length with allthese developments, such as themaking of instant national heroesof, to name two, Davy Crockettand George Washington. Boorstindelights in exploding the earlyAmerican myths; the Betsy Rosslegend and the story of the LibertyBell are both manifestations ofAmerica’s early search for sym¬bols, and neither of them has anybasis in fact. The most interesting,and the most inexplicable earlyAmerican myth centers around thecelebration of the Fourth of Julyas a national holiday. Contrary topopular belief, the ContinentalCongress did not declare indepen¬dence from Britain on July 4,1776.That happened on July 2. Nor wasit the day when the members ofthat assembly signed the final ver¬sion of the Declaration of Indepen¬dence, for that happened over a pe¬riod of weeks beginning later inDecember, 1965 * July. However, it seems that,largely through the confused per¬sonal recollections of participants,the date became a national holiday.Any review of a book as rich asthis one can only touch upon a veryfew of the high spots, and thuscannot really do justice. Interestednot in recounting the history but inrelating and explaining the exper¬ience of a highly complex and oft¬en misunderstood period, Boor¬stin has produced an original andexciting work. There are some mi¬nor annoyances, the lack of foot¬notes, for one, but this is largelycompensated for by a detailed andcritical bibliography. ProfessorBoorstin has been criticized forhaving made too frequent use ofhis powers of generalization, but itseems to me that this criticismdoes not hold up in the face of themasses of evidence which he doesproduce. This book is a brilliantand significant contribution to thestudy of the course of Americanhistory and the quality of Ameri¬can life.James GraftonMr. Grafton is a fourth year studentin the college majoring in history.CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • $i : I11i 1ii t TEXTS AND CONTEXTSYEATS’ PROSE: AN APPRECIATIONWilliam Butler Yeats was thegreatest of all English poets andthe only considerable verse drama¬tist since the time of Shakespeare.His translations of Sophocles areabout the only playable transla¬tions of Greek tragedy and themost beautiful. Without him therewould be no Republic of Eire. He isto our time as Shakespeare, Dante,Vergil, and Homer were to theirs.He is also the most maligned of lit¬erary figures, the most willfullymisunderstood. This is not hard tounderstand: greatness can only besaluted at great distance, and thegeneration of writers that wither¬ed in the glare of his genius is dis¬appearing.I am writing about that part ofYeats’ work which is the mostabused and least understood—hisprose, specifically The Autobiogra¬phies and A Vision. These are twoof the great books of the century.That statement may seem a crown¬ing excess; but I am no more lav¬ish in my praise of Yeats than na¬ture was in her bestowal of geniusupon him.I think of The Autobiographiesprincipally in terms of style, aunique prose style, fostered by anundivided sensibility of equal sin¬gularity. Yeats does not write alle¬gories, in which statement andmeaning are separate. Nor does hewrite in the style of the Victorians,in which concrete description ismade meaningful only by the ab¬stract interpretation or meditationwhich follows it. In Yeats, concreteand abstract are indivisible, or,more precisely, the abstract is real¬ized in the concrete—as in the bestof plays, where the author’s ideasare embodied in the action of theplay, where characters are alwaystrue to themselves alone and theauthor expresses his ideas in theorganic dramatic unity. Yeatswrites of experience in terms ofexperience, and nothing extrinsicto experience intrudes:I am sitting in a cafe with twoFrench Americans, a German poetDouchenday, and a silent man whomI discover to be Strindberg, and who is looking for the Philosopher’sStone.He does not narrate. He sees hislife as a drama and writes of it asaction. A passive narrator would beextrinsic to the action and there¬for destructive of its integrity.Even when he describes himself,Yeats speaks as though he knew nomore now than he knew at thetime. He uses the knowledge thatthe years have brought to selectfrom the components of past ex¬perience those elements which,combined, will embody his attitudetowards the experience, much asan actor’s pose can embody anemotion. Sometimes I told myself very ad¬venturous love-stories with myselffor hero, and at other times I plan¬ned out a life of lonely austerity,and at other times mixed the idealsand planned a life of lonely austeri¬ty mitigated by periodical lapses.Clearly The Autobiographies isnot a historical document, be¬cause fact cannot be separatedfrom opinion. Yeats’ father J. B.Yeats, the painter, said to him: “Imust paint what I see in front ofme. Of course I shall really paintsomething different because mynature will come in unconscious¬ly.” All intellectual endeavor is re¬velation of self and of nothing else.The historian no more writes ofwhat has really been true than Hans Christian Anderson does.The veil of personality is perpet¬ually before our eyes, coloring andorganizing whatever is perceived.Most men struggle all their lives toget through that veil to the truthbeyond. Yeats knew that the veilitself is all a man can know.He also knew that the only wayto see the veil is to “look” throughit to the reality beyond. When theeye ceases trying to pierce the veil,when the reality beyond and theveil become a unity, that “looking”becomes dreaming. A Vision isYeats’ dream of reality.In A Vision, Yeats puts all hisfaculties at the service of imagina¬tion. He has studied his subjectmatter with the thoroughness ofthe scholar, but with the poet’s eye.He takes the facts of history andarranges them in the image of hisown mind. He does consciouslywhat we all do unconsciously. Forreality is many facts which haveno meaning except in the mind.Reality is random, and only thesubjective mind can make it ap¬pear a unity.I have not the space to describethe carnage that critics and schol¬ars have wrought upon A VisionI will say only that A Vision is noless than the myth of what realitywould be if Yeats were God. In theuniverse of Yeats’ writings, AVision is the Bible.I have tried to be direct and suc¬cinct, and I have gladly foregonethe trappings of scholarship, ref¬erence, and frequently of cogentargument for the sake of the pro¬vocative statement. My purposehas been to stir an interest, per¬haps a contentious interest, in Au¬tobiographies and Vision. I amsecure in the conviction that an un¬prejudiced reading of these twogreat books will support my be¬liefs. It has taken us many years tocome fully to terms with the mag¬nitude of Yeats’ greatness, andthat is because greatness must dic¬tate its own terms.Richard David EnoMr. Eno is a fourth-year student inthe college majoring in English.McKEON ON TRADITION AND INNOVATIONThought, Action, and Passion, byRichard McKeon. The Universityof Chicago Press, 1954. Secondimpression, 1965. $6.00.In the course of an essay he com¬posed about The Magic Mountain,Thomas Mann remarks that theheightening process which HansCastorp undergoes on the enchant¬ed mountain makes him capable ofadventures in sensual, moral, andintellectual spheres he would nev¬er have dreamed of in the “flat-land,” and that this process is it¬self reflected in the narrative formof the story. The sensual, moral,and intellectual spheres encoun¬tered by the protagonist of Tho¬mas Mann’s novel reappear in theaccount Richard McKeon setsforth, in Thought, Action, and Pas-6 • CtbCAOU LHEKhRY REVIEW sion, of the theories and doctrinesmen have elaborated through theages concerning science andknowledge, morals and action, poet¬ry and feeling; but an apprecia¬tion of that account, here occa¬sioned by a recent reprinting ofthe volume, is no less difficult topresent than an appreciation ofHans’ profound adventures andthe subtleties of their narration,for Professor McKeon has devel¬oped his analysis of what men havethought and said in terms of acomplex set of historical andtheoretical relations among recur¬ring themes, diverse techniques,and the structure of problemswhich reveals not only the shifts ofmeanings and subject matters em¬bodied in the history of thought,• December, 1965 but also the relevance of problemsand solutions men have found, andof values they have expressed, tothe discussions, circumstances, andaspirations of the present dayworld community.If a brief appreciation of Pro¬fessor McKeon’s treatise can be lit¬tle more than vaguely descriptive—as it would be for a novel byThomas Mann—it is at least ap¬parent that the differences be¬tween art and philosophy are con¬siderably more striking than anyaccidental similarities found intheir organizing topics of exposi¬tion. The relations that join art,philosophy, and history are givenover to systematic analysis in theseries of essays published inThought, Action, and Passion, and while that exploration might besaid to constitute a series of “ad¬ventures,” one of its professedpurposes is to preserve the rationalintegrity of philosophic discussion,in the context of a common heri¬tage of themes and techniquesstemming from ancient Greece, byclarifying problems, assumptions,arguments, and errors based onparalogisms and fallacies. Mann’suse of a “heightening process” forrevealing a character’s discoveriesor for constructing the narrativeform might be said to characterizea like aspect in philosophy’s en¬thusiasm for finding new problemsor devising novel means of investi¬gation, but Professor McKeon, onthe one hand, grounds his analysisof new problems that take rise(Continued on page 10)J.A ROMANCE ON THE MIDWAYThe Higher Animals, A Romance,by H. E. F. Donohue. The VikingPress, $4.95.H. E. F. Donohue has given us,in The Higher Animals? a firstnovel that ranges in time fromsunset to sunrise of an autumn dayin 1950, in space from Woodlawnto the Chicago North Shore, and inepisode from several varieties ofviolence to prolonged self-examina¬tion by the principals.The main events of the eveningare a fire, a party, and a gunfightin the Illinois Central station.Through all of them moves some¬what somnambulistically DanielConn, a young man troubled by hislack of commitment, and eventual¬ly deprived by violence of the onlysignificant relationship in his life.Conn is flanked by two friends—Hanley whose impetuous interfer¬ence costs several lives, and Lar¬sen, a reporter who has perfectedthe role of the professional obser¬ver—and by several minor charac¬ters in stances of angst and en¬nui. Foremost among these isHelen, Hanley’s wife, who is in¬volved with both Conn and Larsen.There are as well, to name only afew, a distressingly pert nympho¬maniac and her scared sailor, a des¬perate old man who has failed as awriter, a professor of mathematics,a shoemaker, a Dean of Students,and the neighborhood drug addict.Through this network of inter¬relationships originating at Dan¬iel Conn rage three displacedpersons from the CumberlandMountains—two men and a wom¬an driven to Chicago by economicdisaster, who have run amok in adesperate attempt to find money to go home again. Conn’s first en¬counter with them is entirely bychance, when they ask him the wayto the airport and take the direc¬tion opposite the one he indicates.Conn laughs, shrugs, and forgetsthem in the excitement of a holo¬caust that consumes a nearbyhouse and its three elderly inhabi¬tants. Later, as Conn sits drinkingwith Larsen and Hanley in theQuadrangle Place, the hill peopleburst in, guns blazing, and makeoff with the contents of the cashregister. Stunned by the events ofthe evening, Conn announces thatit is his birthday; in the impromp¬tu party that follows, Larsen goadseach of the celebrants into makinga speech in Conn’s honor.The festivities over, Hanley—who is badly shaken by his unsuc¬cessful attempt to rescue one of theold women from the fire—learnson his way home that the threebandits have been cornered in theTwelfth Street I. C. Station. Tak¬ing with him the elderly, suicidalwriter, he plunges into the thick ofthe siege, convinced that he canpersuade the three to give them¬selves up. When Tim and Hanleyare seized as hostages, Larsen,Conn, and the last hangers-on atthe party rush to the I. C. Station.In the violent finale, five peopleare killed.I have described the story line ofThe Higher Animals in somedetail, for it is with shocks, rever¬sals, and mad gestures that Mr.Donohue is at his best. The almostautonomous siege incident, whichoccupies a scant fifteen pages atthe end, is far and away the mostexciting episode in the novel. Crawling allegorically on the floorof the I. C. Station Coffee Shop,the three hill people are beautifullyrealized in their inarticulate mad¬ness.Mr. Donohue has, however,given the bulk of his space and ofhis devotion to Conn, Hanley, Lar¬sen, and their circle of acquain¬tances and hangers-on. Ironically,the loneliness and unrelatednessrepresented metaphorically by thefire and the siege are driven homemost literally and least interesting¬ly in the lengthy party scene. Han¬ley’s nagging flatulence, for exam¬ple, is revealed in a dozen repeti¬tive monologues; Larsen’s relent¬less crudity, in a score of tiresomeinsults.The problem is not, however,merely that of injudicious editing.For it is at the very moments inwhich rapport has ostensibly beenestablished that one perceives mostclearly the gratuitousness of therelationships, the unrelatedness offeeling. This emptiness is epito¬mized, it seems to me, in two longspeeches. The first is Helen Han¬ley’s effusive soliloquy on sex andmotherhood, which is declaimed atDaniel Conn during the one nightthey spend together. The second isTim White’s birthday speech, de¬livered at the party a few hoursafter Tim has attempted suicide.Representing himself as Conn’sgood friend—a relationship forwhich there is little evidence atany point in the novel—Tim in¬dulges in a diffuse and derivativemeditation on life and death, basedlargely on a spate of hifalutin lit¬erary references. Indeed, if my analysis is correct,the failure of Tim's speech leadsstraight to the heart of the matter,for there is a striking correspond¬ence between the inability of thecharacters to relate meaningfullyto one another and Donohue’sshortcomings as general stagemanager. A specific example isprovided by a scrap of dialoguebetween Naomi and her sailor:“What’s all this crap,” he wantedto know “about taking the god¬damn air?” . . . “It means, doingwhat we are doing here my Lord,my Marvel, my Pride, doing whatwe are doing here—strolling care¬free, not much talking, usually attwilight, about now. People do itin Joyce.” (p. 30)Through far too much of thisnovel, Donohue’s prose is as arch,as intrusive, and as wearing asNaomi's apostrophe to Herman.Leaden with allusion, the narrativecruises relentlessly over the famil¬iar territory of survival, death, al¬ienation, commitment—with, atworst, the exhibitionism of its leastconvincing characters.Confronted with the discrepancybetween the best and worst thingsin this book, one is at a loss for anexplanation. I suspect that the fre¬quent self-consciousness of thewriting is attributable to Dono¬hue’s obvious admiration for andimitation of the work of other con¬temporary novelists. At his best,he tells a convincing and excitingstory; it is to be hoped that futurework will bring the development ofhis gift for the tragic and bizarre.Paula SayersMiss Savers is a first-year gradu¬ate student in the department ofphilosophy.A SELF - CONSCIOUS CONIC SECTIONJournal ■from tllipsia, by HortenseCalisher. Utile, Brown and Com¬pany. $4.95Almost everyone has had the ex¬perience of waking up in the mid¬dle of the night with an idea ofsuch consummate originality that,if one could remember it later, itwould be on the level of, say, Ein¬stein’s relativity theory. Luckilyfor the state of writing in theworld today, most of us simplyturn over and go back to sleep,leaving our thoughts unwritten.It would appear, however, thatHortense Calisher, the author ofJournal from Ellipsia, keeps a pen¬cil and writing pad by her bedside.For in Journal, she expends lotsof space, care, and serious thoughton an idea so ludicrous that itshould promptly have been for¬gotten. Her most serious mis¬take is that while indulging hermidnight brainstorms, she istrying to say something about thehuman condition. If her plot andcharacters are hazy, so too is hertheme; if they fail to convince us,her theme fails too.Journal from Ellipsia begins ina research foundation in upperNew York state—a Never-Never-Land with rolling greens and nostudents, occupied by some physi¬cists, some social scientists, and alone classicist. He is Jack Lin-house, the hero of our story (or atleast its chief human protagonist). We first meet him preparing amysterious rite in honor of Janice,an anthropologist and his formerlover, who has suddenly disap¬peared. He is obviously used to fol¬lowing her strange instructions,for the rite centers around an ellip¬tical book which she has just sentback from wherever she is.Has the reader’s credulity beenstrained far enough? Now, this isno book. For at this moment thenarration switches to the first per¬son, and for the rest of the book weare treated to the ruminations ofan underdeveloped ellipse. This el¬lipse comes from a planet calledEllipsia and is serving time onearth as a sort of an exchange stu¬dent. That’s right, it’s the ellipsewho’s doing the talking—a facelesscreature seven feet high and shag¬gy, varying in color from that of“palest China tea” to “brilliantred,” if I am to believe Calisher’sdescription of it.On Ellipsia, we learn, everyonelooks like this; they are all face¬less, and what’s more, sexless.They have peace and no progressand no history and no privacy, andthis is plainly why Janice (not tospeak of the two wives of an ecc¬entric old astronomer who havealso disappeared) is preparingherself to assimilate into Ellipsiansociety.Calisher’s reasons for thisalarming twist are pretty clear. It gives a perspective on human so¬ciety somewhat like that which Al¬ice has on Wonderland, or Gulliveron Lilliput. The trouble is that,having gotten the perspective, Cal¬isher has nothing as witty or boldto say as did Carroll or Swift. Infact, in striving for a precariousbalance of humor and pathos, herown viewpoint seems to have beenlost entirely. Another reason issurely that the ellipse’s growinginto humanity simulates the hu¬man maturing process; the ellipsedevelops sensitivity, learns tospeak and think in human ways,longs for a sexual identity. Finally,the ellipse’s narration gives her op¬portunities for that outrageouswrord play that was brought to itspeak by John Lennon. Her charac¬ters throw themselves into things“wholehoggedly;” they play “ring-around-the-rosarv.” But on thewhole, the book is hard going.There is a good deal of talk aboutoneness and twoness and ournessand I-ness, and the book is filledwith the sort of prose which hauntsthe editors of student literary mag¬azines.The main trouble writh Journalfrom Ellipsia is that the authorhoped to get awray with verbosityand ambiguity in fantasy that sheknew no one wfould accept in astraight novel. Thus, the specificdetails of the fantasy are delineat¬ed too clearly, while Miss Calish¬ er’s ideas are not clear enough. Wafail to accept her world, and theresult is utter tedium. Nobodywants to read four hundred pagesof the musings of a self-consciousconic section.Monica RaymondMiss Raymond is a first year stu¬dent in the college majoring in thehumanities.December, 1965 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • 7A DEARTH OF PERSONALITYThe Trout, by Roger Vallland. E. P.Dutton. $4.50.This cool and brittle novel, itspages stiffly arrested between theflaps of its smart dust jacket, wasWritten by a man with a mind re¬sembling the interior of an imper¬sonal, glassy Mies van der Rohehouse furnished as yet with only acouple of coffee tables. The senseof emptiness is stunning.Like a disconcertingly largenumber of contemporary novelsdestined for places on a very limit¬ed number of bookshelves, thisbook is chiefly concerned with theStraight-forward telling of a storyintended as a commentary on thehuman condition, and is utterlywithout warmth, style, or penetra¬tion. The method is detached andanalytical, the point of view ra¬tional and wearily pessimistic. Onthe whole, it ought to be kept per¬manently on file as bearing wit¬ness to the need for more than abright idea when writing a novel.The story concerns the effects ofa young French girl on the peoplearound her. She is a “noble sa¬vage”, moving through the worldwith a calm instinctiveness thatprecludes responsibility, rationalthought, or deep feeling. Her roleis as catalyst and symbol. At theend of the book we find the othercharacters hoping he will “holdout. Let there be one of us, at least,Who holds out.” The civilized world itself is seen as rather a savagestate, in which men spend theirlives in trials of strength with oneanother. The young girl, though, isoutside of this system. She is bothbetter and worse than the othercharacters, some of whom shareher primitive animal quality, all ofwhom are sad, empty humanbeings. Her lack of meaness andguile elevates her above the othersin their own eyes, for they live inthe daily knowledge of their ownworldly uncleanness. Though she isa catalyst of tragedy, she is not ofthe world, and she moves in it asan animal with the same cruel, yetsomehow guiltless innocence.What depresses me most aboutVailland is that he has no sense ofthe richness of human life. Heseems to feel that the world is asort of abandoned hotel, wherestrangers wander alone from roomto room rarely speaking, simplypassing the time. It isn’t joy Imiss, it is a sense, on the part ofboth author and characters, ofreally feeling the world aroundthem, being stretched and drivenby it, loving it, fighting it, feelingits tragedy and quivering in re¬sponse to its beauty and their ownterrible freedom in it. A sense ofbeing fully alive. This is a qualitywhich, if present, is not lost whenone writes about unhappy people.Are the heroes of Dostoevsky,Brecht, Shakespeare, ever lessthan magnificently alive even in the depths of soul-wretchedness?And one has only to read Saul Bel¬low to know that this same sensecan still exist in 1965.In contrast, Vailland seems likea man whose soul does not receive,many impressions, whose heartdoes not feel many things. Thecardboard doll simplicity of hischaracters, and his cool, distantappraisal of them make the worldseem barren and two-dimensional.One is not sufficiently convincedthat he has let in the light of theworld for one to believe in his re¬flected images. Fine novels havebeen written about barren peoplein a cold world; fine novels haveeven been written by men who areembittered and cynical. The worldportrayed in existentialist fictionis often cold, lonely, and deadlyserious, and the writing (as in Ca¬mus) is characterized by disci¬plined simplicity. But there is abreath of experience of the world,a vitality and mental range behindthese works of which Vaillandknows nothing. They sweepthrough the mind like fresh air,with a life of their own and en¬hancing the life that is ours.As a stylist Vailland leaves ev¬erything to be desired. Lean, eco¬nomical and straightforward, hisunremittingly plain sentences suc¬ceed each other like carbon copies.The dialogue sometimes stiffensinto near-immobility. In the earlypages we have capsule life histor¬ ies thrown into our laps at th#drop of a name; Vailland appar¬ently does not believe in subtle ex¬positions of character. Like a par¬ty-goer introduced to all the guestsat once upon stepping through thedoor, you remember no one clearly,and have to keep referring to thebeginning to see who is married towhom. He is in a dreadful hurry toget started with The Plot, and istoo unskilled to be graceful at hur¬ling us into the middle of it. Mosttelling of all, Vailland warms up ashe goes along, rather as though heis learning to write by writing,which isn’t exactly what one usual¬ly pays $4.50 for.Believing that writing is an artthat is only partly the result of ar¬duous practice, an art whose com¬plete mastery must begin with anatural facility acquired very ear¬ly, I find it hard to hope for signi¬ficantly better w'ork from Mr.Vailland in the future. His effortsseem destined to be always labored.But what hinders him most is thelack of a personality that exper-iences, contemplates and respondsto the depth and breath of modernlife, the grandeur and the triviaand joy and misery that surroundus.Lily HunterMiss Hunter is a student in thecommittee on general studies inthe humanities.A METAPHOR FOR CATASTROPHEOn Escalation: Metaphors andScenarios. Herman Kahn. Prae-ger. $7.50.Several years ago, Mr. Kahnproduced a massive tome on a sub¬ject which, through an almost Vic¬torian attitude on the part of thepublic towards nuclear warfareand the ways in which the exis¬tence of nuclear weapons interactswith the realities of internationalrelations, made his name virtually a“four-letter word” among the lib¬erals and other soi-disant stu¬dents of foreign policy.'Now Mr. Kahn has written anew, compact study of the above-mentioned interaction, which ismore digestable (and hopefullymore palatable) because it isphrased as metaphor. I refer to itas more digestable because meta¬phor drawn from a commonplaceallusion provides an easy frame ofreference for fee reader; and asmore palatable because a well-drawn metaphor is worthwhile initself, and in facilitating under¬standing as well. I do not wish toimply by this that Mr. Kahn’s met¬aphor is esthetically beautiful, butI will state that it fulfills its func¬tion in a highly satisfactory man¬ner, when that function is con¬ceived as maximizing the reader’sunderstanding of a problem whichhe would be unable to face if itwere presented literally.The metaphor referred to is pre¬sented as “an escalation ladder,”complete with various rungs (notequally spaced) and landings(though the author does not referto them as such, but rather terms them “thresholds.”) Through var¬ious scenarios, examples, etc., herelates his ladder to the realities ofinternational situations. Along theway the author also sets hypotheti¬cal situations, examining both theapplicability and limitations of themetaphorical system he has creat¬ed, and, additionally, certain prob¬lems which are more or less ex¬traneous but which relate to themain consideration of the contin¬ued use of war and near-war as aninstrument of foreign policy.The ladder has forty-four rungsseparated into seven “levels of cri¬sis” by six thresholds. Each rungand threshold is discussed in muchdetail, although I feel that notenough attention is paid to thelower rungs in terms of placingthem in historical perspective. Thestructure as it evolves in the bookis fascinating, however, not onlybecause it is informative, butmainly because there is a certaindichotomy in the model in that therungs refer to actions while thethresholds are principally in ref¬erence to states of mind. One of thegreat virtues of the book is that itsuccessfully links the latter to theformer without becoming an entryinto the “clinical psychiatry exam¬ination of politics” school.I do not feel that I should givehere all or even many of the detailsof the metaphor, but rather that Ishould discuss one (and to me, themost interesting) detail of the lad¬der, that being the “nuclear war isunthinkable threshold.” In Mr.Kahn’s system, it is this thresholdwhich separates “traditional crises” from “intense crises.” Itseems that below this point, thetendency of diplomatic actionwould be downward, towards non¬belligerent settlement, while aboveit, the tendency would be towardsyet further escalation. To what ex¬tent does discussion of war, even inan analytic sense, weaken thisthreshold? The author argues thatthe discussion does not weaken thethreshold, and tries to give theimpression that it is strengthenedby a greater realization of what itreally is and why it exists in theform in which it does. After all,the distinction between nuclear andnon-nuclear weapons is, in the areaof so-called tactical weapons, moredefinitional than actual, and prolif¬eration, if not understood withinthis framework, could severelystrain the saliency of the thresh¬old.Furthermore, Americans partic¬ularly need to understand theplace of this threshold in a theoryof foreign policy which is based oncertain rather extreme moral con¬siderations. Without a realizationof how the realities of internation¬al politics and the American moralconsensus interact, it seems to methat the value of a threshold basedon other moral considerations willwither away if and when a con¬frontation of these moral positionsis inevitable, due to the pressuresof international tensions.It is also interesting to note thatMr. Kahn states that the escalationladder for the Soviet Union is dif¬ferent from that of the UnitedStates, mainly in that action on it is much more precipitous. One ofthe great dangers of the currentsituation which he notes is thatthere are not enough points of mu¬tual understanding between thetwo nations, that is, the frame ofreference for Soviet action is radi¬cally different from that of theUnited States, and that there arevery dangerous ambiguities due tothe confusion implicit in this situa¬tion. This is at once a weakness ofthe metaphor and a reason for ex¬tending it in such a way as to allowthe interactions of different “lad¬ders.”I think that the applicability ofthe metaphor to a problem of vitalinterest is apparent, althoughthere are certain obvious ways inwhich the metaphor could be use¬fully extended. (For example, itcould be given a greater degree ofprecision by attaching probabilitystatements to forms of. diplomaticresponse, or by evaluating the in¬formation value of a statement ofthreat or intent.)I highly recommend this bookand a careful consideration anddiscussion of this metaphorical toolfor those who are concerned withthe perils of the current situa¬tions; since these situations in¬trude upon us all in a way in whichthey never have before, I feel thatsome consideration of the subjectis necessary; Mr. Kahn’s book is aconvenient tool and starting pointfor this examination.Robert Philip HavenMr. Haven is a first year graduatestudent in the department of eco¬nomics.• • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • December, 1965BOTTLED BOND: FLEMING AND AMISThe James Bond Dossier, byKingsley Amis. New American Li¬brary. $3.95The Man with the Golden Gun,by Ian Fleming. New American Li¬brary. $3.95To some, it might seem ironic(if not downright perverse) for amiddle-aged British novelist toconsider it his mission to come tothe defense of the century’s Num¬ber One Hero. And yet it is withdeadly serious self-righteousnessthat Kingsley Amis sets out to res¬cue James Bond (five-or-six-timesaviour of the Free World) fromhis readers.Let it be stated at the outset thatthis is not particularly a book forBond fans: it is one of those workswhich sheds more light upon itsauthor than upon its subject. Nor,for that matter, is it really a bookfor Amis fans, for most of what itreveals is singularly uncomplimen¬tary. While Bond escapes fromAmis’ quixotic quest no more bat¬ tered than usual, the author is sev¬erely mangled by his own sword¬play, flawed as it is by intellectualirresponsibility and critical sloven¬liness.Amis’ irresponsibility has twonasty variants. First is a relianceupon name-calling as a means of—well, sometimes as a means of sup¬porting his own opinions, but oftenmerely as a form of self-indul¬gence. In the Preface, for example,he hints that anyone who doesn’trelish Bond is probably sexuallyinferior. (A UC College Dean oncemade a similar allegation about ev¬eryone who didn’t like football fel¬lowships. He is no longer with us.)And the word “critic” becomesas useful a crutch for him as thewords “Communist” and “neoclas¬sical” have become for others. Cri¬tics, he implies throughout, areuniversally stupid. (“Not muchmind is needed to notice thatBond’s adventures have been get¬ ting more fantastic all the timeand some critics have actually doneit.”) Therefore, to refute any par¬ticular notion, he need merelypoint out that a “critic” has advo¬cated it. (Amis apparently believesthat since he has written a fewnovels, he is permanently immuneto being so labeled himself.)Amis’ views on literary exploita¬tion of reader prejudices are hard¬ly more appealing. After a detailedcatalog of Fleming’s condescen¬sions toward Americans, Bulgars,Corsicans, Germans, Italians, Yu¬goslavs, Koreans, Russians, Sicili¬ans, Spanish-Americans, andTurks, he notes, “I find all this en¬joyable. . . Grouping people by na¬tionality or region, although a uni¬versal habit, may well be unenligh¬tened. Perhaps Mr. Fleming oughtto have evened the score a little byportraying a couple of humble, as¬cetic Bulgars, a sentimentallydomesticated Korean or so. But where do we stop if we start onthat? Even if Mr. Fleming is en¬couraging his readers to thinkunkindly of Rumanians and plainsTurks, I can’t see the danger ...Some forms of prejudice are sin¬ister. but not these.” This is thesame Kingsley Amis, who, in Luc¬ky Jim. aspired to the role ofspokesman for the angry intellec¬tuals?It is Amis’ flabby criticism,however, rather than his intellec¬tual fink-outs, which most serious¬ly undermines The Janies BondDossier.His basic thesis is simple enough(so simple, in fact, that one mightwell question the value of writing awhole book to support It) : Rond isprimarily escape literature, pro¬viding literary wiah-fulMhont forthe twentieth century. Much of thebook, therefore, is devoted to anexplanation of how Fleming has(Continued on page 10)December, 1965 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • 9BOTTLED BOND: FLEMING AND AMIS(Continued from page nine)Custom-built his texts to fit his au¬dience’s dreams. Bond is a culturalvacuum, for instance, so that hecan be a “simple pro forma we canall fit ourselves into.’’ Amis, how¬ever, fails to specify who this au¬dience is.Of course, virtually any charac¬teristic of hero or villain, any twistof action, can be justified by con¬tending that “we” will react insuch-and-such a way. But withouta definition of the “we”, suchstatements can be so arbitrary asto be meaningless. Couldn’t oneclaim with equal validity that theanti-Bond hero of Len Deighton’sThe Ipcress File is a form that “wecan all fit into” because he likesthe Jupiter Symphony?Further flaws flourish becauseAmis’ aim is poor: there is consid¬erable misplaced emphasis. Poten¬tially interesting ideas are men¬tioned briefly and then tossed care¬lessly aside. It is particularly frus¬trating, for instance, that Amis’thesis on Bond’s dual father-figure(M. on the one hand, all the vil¬lains on the other) or the parallelsbetween Bond and Childe Haroldare only minimally developed.Alternately, Amis heaps page ontop of page of detailed evidence forself-evident points. It takes someeleven pages to conclude that theessence of the Bond-woman is “adefenseless child of nature, a wan¬derer in a hostile world, an orphan,and a waif. . .with fine, firm,faultless, etc., breasts.” It takesanother nine pages (including sixlengthy but nearly irreleventquotes) to prove that 007 is usuallyprotective and kind toward her.Yet another oft-repeated of¬fense is factual inaccuracy. Amisis pretty reliable when it comes tothe specifics of the Bond plots (al¬though at one point he predatesBond’s marriage a few years) ; buthe often launches unsupportablearguments, using some completelyunwarranted and absurd generali¬zation as a premise. He claims, forexample, that “more than anythingelse in fiction, the detailed descrip¬tion of meals generates a sym¬pathetic warmth, a close and readyfeeling of identification with thepeople doing the eating and drink¬ing.”All of this is minor, however, inthe face of Amis’ greatest criticalsin. He is unable (or unwilling) tocome to terms with the centralproblem in Fleming: the questionof irony. It is possible (perhapseven preferable) to read a Bondnovel without considering anyhigher questions than whether 007will escape from the barracuda and get the girl. But once you make thefatal error of trying to analyze thisliterature seriously, you are obli¬gated at least to consider the possi¬bility that Fleming is not entirelyserious and that much of the Bondsaga has satirical overtones.This problem becomes especiallyacute with the publication of the fi¬nale of the series, The M&a withthe Golden Gun. Of all the Flemingproductions, this seems the mostobviously written with pen incheek. In fact, starting with thetitle and continuing for 45 pages,it is easily the cleverest of them all.It begins with the West’s mostdevout secret agent returningbrainwashed from the Soviet Un¬ion, spouting Communist propa¬ganda. After an unsuccessful at¬tempt to murder M. with an el¬aborate water pistol (filled withcyanide), Bond is rebrainwashedand sent to eliminate the notoriousgunman Francisco (Paco) “Pis¬tols” Scaramanga.In Scaramanga’s dossier the ab¬surdity underlying all of Bond ap¬pears at its most explicit. Likemost Fleming villains, he has hisphysical deformity (“a third nippleabout two inches below his leftbreast”), and, like many, he isfamed for his sexual appetite (“...an insatiable but indiscriminatewomanizer who invariably has sex¬ual intercourse shortly before akilling in the belief that it im¬proves his “eye”..., a belief sharedby many professional lawn tennisplayers, golfers, gun and riflemarksmen, and others.”)The psychological analysis of thekiller traces his disregard for hu¬man life back to an unfortunateincident in his youth involving asex-crazed elephant, and empha¬sizes that the gun (defined as “amachine for throwing balls”) isthe phallic symbol par excellence.(Correlation with the elephant’strunk is kindly left to the readers.)And finally we are told that hecannot whistle and that folkloreconsiders this a proof of homosex¬uality.Unfortunately, the remainingchapters are barely readable.There is one delightfully incongru¬ous description of Bond readingProfiles in Courage, “letting thescented air, a compound of sea andtrees, breathe over his body, nakedsave for the underpants.” But withthe exception of some passageswhich are crude even by Flemingstandards (one discussion, for in¬stance, centers about screwing un¬der showers), the rest is surpris¬ingly dreary. After our exper¬iences tangling with SPECTRE and SMERSH, there’s not toomuch thrill in a two-bit gunman—especially one stupid enough tohire Bond as his body-guard. Thereis little action, no suspense, andeven long descriptions of Bondspying on a meeting by holding achampagne glass to the door—amedieval device hardly worthy ofhim. And to top it all off, the her¬oine (Mary Goodnight) is, of allthings, a virtue-laden virgin. Sheblushes too.But while the book as a whole isonly marginally worth perusing,the first four chapters do provide agreat deal to think about. Here,two levels of satire are manifest.On one level, of course, it is satiredirected at the genre of spy litera¬ture ; much of it, however, is politi¬cal rather than literary in nature.For example, there is a magnifi¬cent confrontation between thebrainwashed Bond and M., inwhich the director of Her Majes¬ty’s Secret Service insists that theRussians can’t possibly be sincerein their desire for peace, or elsethey wouldn’t maintain their se¬cret service. And although it ap¬pears that Bond is merely spoutingthe Party line when he accuses M.of having “used” him, a little laterwe read, “Bond had accused M. ofusing him as a tool. Naturally. Ev¬ery officer in the Service was atool for one secret purpose or an¬other.”More significantly, we are nevergiven the details of Bond’s brain¬washing by the Russians (al¬though it appears to have been amoderately pleasant experience).We are, however, given a very har¬rowing picture of his rebrainwash¬ing by the British: “Twenty-fourbashes at his brain from the blackbox in thirty days.. .At first, Bondhad been terrified at the sight ofthe box and the two cathodes thatwould be cupped to each temple.He had heard that people undergo¬ing shock treatment had to bestrapped down, that their jerking,twitching bodies, impelled by thevolts, often hurtled off the operat¬ing table. But that, it seemed, wasold hat. Now there was the longed-for needle with the pentathol . . .And the results had been miracu¬lous. After the pleasant, quiet-spoken analyst had explained tohim what had been done to him inRussia . . . the old fierce hatred ofthe KGB and all its works had beenreborn to him and. . .all he wantedwas to get back at the people whohad invaded his brain for theirown murderous purposes.” Re¬member the end of 1984 ?This alone would be enough to make us question Ann’s’ assertionthat Fleming is a staunch advocateof the status quo and that he isnever either intentionally funny orintentionally satiric. And a carefullook at the earlier novels showsthat there is similar satire theretoo. Amis has even done a greatdeal of the research for us. Al¬though he obstinately refuses tofollow through on his discoveries,he gives ample evidence for a satir¬ic reading of Bond.For example, he points out thatM., a man of unlimited power inEngland, is stupid, incompetent,irresponsible, and immoral. Heshows that Bond himself (the mainforce for “Good”) is an unculturedoutcast, a blindly amoral followerof orders. He notes that Bond’sfriends (including the ultra-rightFrench terrorist GAS and the headof the French version of the Mafia,who is also Bond’s father-in-law)are often differentiated from hisenemies not by “moral” traits, butrather by their presence on “theright side.” He further admits thatthis right side is symbolized not byEngland, but by the Blades, an ex¬clusive club which always makeshim somewhat uncomfortable.In case you want more evidence,the book cites numerous passagesin which Fleming’s style borderson the mock-sentimental, or inwhich his apparently infinite storeof knowledge about cars, guns, andboats, turns out to be merely ela¬borate leg-pulling. (Amis quotesone expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, asremarking that Bond’s famous cha¬mois leather armpit holster “willsnag and foul on the projectingparts of the gun and he will stillbe struggling to get the gun outwhen the other fellow is countingthe holes in Bond’s tummy.”)Certainly, all this fits the inter¬pretation of Fleming as a socialcritic. Perhaps it is not conclusive,but it is strong—strong enough sothat one would expect any defenderof the theory that Fleming is lion-satiric at least to take it into ac¬count, especially if he himself hascompiled it. Amis, however, choosessimply to ignore it.It would, however, be unfair toimply that Amis has failed com¬pletely. One of his reasons forwriting the book was his beliefthat“. . .what little detailed discus¬sion the Bond books have receivedhas been quite irresponsible.” Asan illustration of that assertion,The James Bond Dossier is an un¬impeachable document.Peter RabinowitzMr. Rabinowitz is a first-year grad¬uate student in the department ofSlavic languages and literatures.McKEON ON TRADITION AND INNOVATION(Continued from page six)from increases in the accumulationof facts, in the scope and efficacyof practical action, and in the con¬tacts of cultures within a frame¬work which relates history to phil-sophic principles and to philosophicsemantics, while, on the other,he constructs his arguments to re¬flect, disclose, and therefore ex¬haust, the formal possibilities ofthought or analysis available to op¬posed sets of philosophic methods.In his Introduction, ProfessorMcKeon argues that tradition and innovation are found, not in thefacts of human action and expres¬sion, but in theoretical and histori¬cal explanations of facts; theoryand history are themselves part ofthe process of common inquiry andunending dialogue in which con¬tinuity and change are mingled.From the history of inquiries menhave conducted about the processesof history and of nature, it is ap¬parent that our efforts to applyknowledge and history to actionencounter problems similar to those of scientists faced by op¬posed hypotheses and those of his¬torians faced by opposed interpre¬tations ; thus, in the study of intel¬lectual history as Professor Mc¬Keon conceives it, continuity andchange are discovered in themesand concepts, arts and techniques,data and purposes that have takenhistorical form in those oppositionsbetween individual philosophiesand histories by which problems,meanings, and disciplines have re¬peatedly been transformed. The Introduction traces their interrela¬tions in a schema of systematictransformations and varying in¬fluences of four themes and fourtechniques, where this schemafunctions, in its theoretical form,as an instrument to be applied andverified in the essays for the dis¬covery not only of doctrines andprinciples, but also of a means toallow mutual understanding be¬tween proponents of opposed formsof communication.The theme of love, treated in the(Continued on page jievenl10 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • December, 1965McKEON ON TRADITION AND INNOVATION(Continued from page ten)first essay, acquired a variety ofiterpretations in Greek discus-iions, and these interpretations re¬ceived their most methodic ela¬boration in the dialogues of Plato.Professor McKeon uses the tech¬nique of philosophical analysis torelate the structure of Plato’s di¬alectic to the various kinds andmeanings of loves and to Plato’sladder of loves; he then traces thehistory of symposia from antiquitythrough the Middle Ages to themodern period, delineating the ad¬dition of concepts of love and ofdifferent uses to which methodswere put in each epoch. “Love andPhilosophical Analysis” presentsthe ways in which past conceptionsof love have, in our time, beenadapted to problems induced bythe effects of science and technolo¬gy, and how the methods men haveemployed through the ages to dis¬cuss love could have a fundamentalbearing on our modern forms ofgroup or team thinking as themeans to inspire an understandingof the oppositions of loves andpowers which divide men in discus¬sion and action and which thus in¬hibit the growth of circumstancesfor both the advancement ofknowledge by common understand¬ing and the advancement of thecommunity of men by action forthe common good.The theme of truth, treated i*»the second essay, was conceiveddifferently in the philosophies ofPlato and Aristotle, but the differ¬ent methods they used for its de¬termination are easily distinguish¬ed by a comparison of their histor¬ies of earlier Greek philosophers, inas much as the facts they take intoaccount are themselves theories.Because theoreticians have showna tendency to substitute history forphilosophic arguments and to em¬ploy it as a means for justifyingjudgments of truth or of value,Professor McKeon uses the tech¬nique of history in order to separ¬ate the basic distinctions whichdetermined both the different se¬lection of historical facts adducedby Plato and Aristotle from thedata of their predecessor’s doc¬trines, and the different philosoph¬ic purposes in the service ofwhich their facts were used; with particular regard to the issue ofcauses, the two questions of howchange is accounted for in a philo¬sophy (through varying applica¬tions of concepts such as Reasonand Necessity) and how changesare narrated in a history (throughvarying applications of conceptssuch as process and myth) areshown to be inseparable, for theyexplain the differences found inhistorical conclusions regardingthe nature of the influences whichprevious facts and theories havehad on what men have conceived tobe true. “Truth and the History ofIdeas” demonstrates the differentpresuppositions and methods bywhich a variety of histories may beconstructed and, as well, the dif¬ferent criteria which govern theproblems considered, the facts se¬lected, and the conclusions reachedwhen a history transforms or re¬duces truths presented as change¬less by earlier philosophers to thechanging form of their presenta¬tion.In the third essay, the theme offreedom is developed with ref¬erence to the Funeral Oration ofPericles and the circumstances un¬der which it was pronounced. Pro¬fessor McKeon employs the tech¬nique of rhetoric to discover, byway of Thucydides’ account, the“tragic error” which broughtabout a reversal of freedom to itscontrary in Athens when the oppo¬sitions of what men said—inexpressions of ideals versus thesuspicions those expressions en¬gendered—served as “immediatecauses” for a war whose extremesfar outweighed the “real” issuesand circumstances that led up toit; although the scope of applica¬tion of freedom has been enlarged,since the time of the Greeks, froma recognition of political and civilrights to include economic and so¬cial rights, and although men havevariously sought the foundationsof freedom in human nature or nat¬ural law of the conventions ofmen or the utilities of life, the ex¬ample of the Funeral Oration iseloquent testimony to the fact thatthe basic problem underlying allforms of freedom still resides inthe freedom of the spirit and char¬acter of a people which animatesinstitutions and gives employment to rights in the lives of men capa¬ble of freedom. “Freedom and Dis¬putation” exemplifies those paral¬lels between the oppositions divid¬ing Greece and the oppositions cur¬rently dividing the world commu¬nity which continue to be instruc¬tive at a time when the debate be¬tween freedom and the charge ofaggression is still carried on, andwhen the ideals of democracy havebeen degraded to a degree whichthreatens the growth of that free¬dom of the spirit which is the pre¬requisite, as well as the end, ofdemocratic institutions.The final essay, lengthier andmore elaborate than the others,treats the theme of imitation.When the theme of imitation sup¬plies criteria for explaining thetechniques of poetry it serves todifferentiate art from nature orreality, but when it supplies cri¬teria for guiding the practice ofarts by imitation of models, itserves to relate all human arts andactivities—including the arts ofscience, philosophy, and life, andthe sciences of history, art, andpractical action—by employing thetechnique of rhetoric; thus, in ef¬forts to explain the nature of poet¬ry, action, and knowledge, theconcept of imitation inherentlyprovides one of the lines of con¬tinuity for tracing the relationsamong fields. “Imitation and Poet¬ry” focuses on the interplay be¬tween philosophy, criticism, and artin a history of disciplines whichelucidates the nature and problemsof philosophy by analyzing, in onedimension, the agents or forms,processes or relations employed bydifferent philosophies in the deter¬mination of principles at any giventime, and by tracing, in a seconddimension, the effects which theorientation to substance and being,mind and understanding, or lan¬guage and experience has had ondifferent periods in the history ofthought. Professor McKeon envis¬ages the value of the concept ofimitation, when it serves to clarifythe structure of history, in its useas a propadeutic for the formationof present day aesthetic theories ofexpression; on a level of greatergenerality, however, he arguesthat by clarifying the differentways in which an art work reaches and depends on objectivity, theconcept brings to light problemswhich extend to the whole scope ofour speculation and action, and tothe grounds of differences wThichnow divide philosophies of expres¬sion and experience into factions;insight into like disputes of thapast might still save us, therefore,from obscuring the convergingmeanings and obstructing thepractical consequences of philo*sophical analysis.At a dinner given to ThomasMann in celebration of his seven¬tieth birthday, Richard McKeonpresented a brief discourse onMann to do honor to the novelistand his achievements. The remarkswhich Professor McKeon deliveredon that occasion, published here asthe Appendix to Thought, Action,and Passion, contain more than adistant echo of some of the circum¬stances and subjects encounteredin Plato’s Symposium: he beginsby comparing, then contrastingThomas Mann with Plato, but hisaccompanying reflections on tharelation of poetry and philosophylead him to the recognition that theaspirations and preoccupations ofthe two men coincide in the valuethey place on love. The possibilitiesof experience can find their originsin love—love is a stimulus to thepursuit of knowledge, the prosecu¬tion of action, and the creation orappreciation of art—and they takeform in the ladder of loves whichculminates in a transcendent beau¬ty where poetry and philosophymerge in their higher reaches, orwhere mysteries and truths cometogether in the visions attained byboth the lover of wisdom and thelover of myths: Thought, Action,and Passion shapes and refinesbeautifully the myths of continuityand change by which a channel tothe discovery of problems andgrounds of experience and d'seus-sion in the modern world is foundin the common inquiry and the un¬ending dialogue which begj^n be¬fore the beginning of history,which have imparted vitality tocivilizations again and again.Douglas C. MitchelMr. Mitchell is a first-year graduatestudent in the committee on the anal¬ysis of ideas and the study of meth¬ods.THE UNHOLY LAND OF IRELAND(Continued from page five)the bulk of the book, are bothamusing and poignant.When the German bombs reachBelfast, Gavin’s pro-German fa¬ther begins to doubt whether Hit¬ler is really his Saviour, and toquestion whether his hours cheer¬ing at the German victories werereally well spent. Belfast is devas¬tated, and many choose to leave thetown. Gavin remains to work withthe ARP, which is finally needed.After Life (and Death) have madetheir mark on him (during his am¬bulance duty, his work at themorgue separating parts ofcorpses), he is a new Gavin, onewho can face the world, his father,and his devout girl. He is no longera confused outsider, but rather acomforter; he hears “A new voice,a cold, grown-up voice.. . He heed¬ed that voice, heeded it as he hadnever heeded the childish voices of his angels. Black Angel, White An¬gel : they had gone forever.”This semi-autobiographical nov¬el of adolescence is not a novelphenomenon: even the Irish set¬ting is not new (it was used inPortrait of the Artist). But thenovel is fresh, even if the matter isnot, for there is nothing affectedabout the plot or the characters.Mr. Moore is a good story-teller,speaking of what he knows well.Further, there is a high, dry hu¬mor in Gavin’s story, and low hu¬mor in the series of well-drawn mi¬nor characters.The title is a bit mystifying,though. It is taken from one ofWallace Stevens’ best known poems,supposedly Gavin’s favorite.Brian CormanMr. Corman is a fourth-year stu¬dent in the college majoring in Eng¬lish.December, 1965 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • 11PLATO’S POSERS APPROVEDLove, Knowledge, and Dis¬course in Plato, by Herman $i-naiko. University of ChicagoPress. $7.50.My experience of reading Platohas borne out the paradox that heis at once the most accessible andthe least accessible of philosophers.The dramatic form of thedialogue, and the simple, everydayterminology make a first readingof, say, the Phaedrus an uncloudedpleasure. It is only on second andsubsequent readings that real dif¬ficulties turn up.And there are problems in abun¬dance in the dialogues. What is oneto make of Socrates’ abrupt veer¬ing about, from denying to assert¬ing that virtue can be taught, inthe Protagoras? How shall we ex¬plain the logical flaws in Socrates’arguments in Book I of the Repub¬lic? How literally are we to takethe myth of final judgment in theGorgias? And is the Parmenidesreally an attack on the Theory ofthe Ideas, a satire on sophistry, alogical exercise for Plato’s stu¬dents—or what?The easiest way out of these dif¬ficulties, the one taken by count¬less commentators and teachers, issimply to ignore them. There isenough “unequivocal” doctrine inPlato to provide an anthologistwith matter for a romp with thatphilosopher’s ideas and Ideas,without the editor’s even having tofurrow his brow over the most ba¬sic complexities.Mr. Sinaiko, associate professorcf humanities at UC, has chosennot to ignore them, and his book is,therefore, much more than theusual rehash of Plato’s politics,ethics, and metaphysics. Indeed, itis upon the paradoxical that heconcentrates.He begins his explanations witha paradox. He counters AlfredNorth Whitehead’s famous remarkthat “all Western philosophy con¬sists of a series of footnotes to Pla¬to” with Plato’s own statement inhis Seventh Letter about his philo¬sophy :Thij however. I can say about allthose who have written or willwrite professing to understandthose things about which I am inearnest, whether they claim tohave learned it from me or fromothers or to have discovered it forthemselves—in my opinion it ismt possible for them to have anyunderstanding of this matter at all.Concerning these things there is nowritten wo^k of mine, nor willthere ever be; for they cannot beexpressed in words like other stud¬ies, but after much close study ofthe matter itself and a long com¬panionship with it, suddenly, as afire is kindled from a leapingspark, it is generated in the souland then supports itself.Plato seems to be saying that henever has, and never will writedown his philosophy, because phi¬losophy simply cannot be writtendown. The implication of this isthat philosophy is not an organizedbody of abstiact statements, butrather a process of searching forwisdom. One cannot write philoso¬phy ; one can only do it.If this is so, then what are Pla¬to’s dialogues? According to Sinai¬ko, they are “highly artistic imita¬tions” of the search for wisdom.Each dialogue begins with a prob¬lem. a problem of values. In theRepublic, for example. Glaucon the problem, “Why should we bejust men?” In the dialogue itself,the problem is worked over, andpossible solutions are proposed.This search for the answer in¬volves a risk for the participants,the risk that no solution will befound. Glaucon and Adeimantus(and Socrates as well) take nosmall chance when they choose todevote themselves to the problem,for, as Sinaiko says, “the possibilitythat there may be no viable ordiscoverable solution to our grav¬est problems is truly terrifying;most of us would rather live withvaguely disturbing and unsatisfac¬tory principles than with none atall.”But if the dialogues are not phi¬losophic doctrine, but rather animitation of the process of search¬ing for wisdom, what is the role ofSocrates in them? Socrates be¬comes, not the dispenser of thetruth to all and sundry, but just aman with the special faculty ofbeing able to detect the problem ofvalues within the more practicalquestions leveled at him. As acorollary to this, Socrates does notwork his interlocutors around tothe truth that he already knows, but rather discovers the truth withthe other parties to the discussion.Now this is a really radical viewof both Socrates and the dialogues,but Sinaiko is more radical still.This view of the dialogues as philo¬sophical discourse still fails to ex¬plain the fallacies, inconsistencies,and ambiguities in the text. These“all remain to plague the seriousreader who is inclined to ask whyPlato, who should have known bet¬ter, included these elements in hiswritings.”Sinaiko’s solution to this diffi¬culty, unlike those of most com¬mentators, is that these perplexi¬ties are intentionally written intothe dialogue by Plato, in order toinitiate thought in the reader. Theintelligent reader “will ask ques¬tions of the dialogue and the dia¬logue may answer him; for thereare answers to these questions inthe dialogues, although the readermust find them the hard way byexercising his creative intelli¬gence.”Well, the only way for Sinaiko toprove this is for him to do it, andhe does so for the rest of the book.In the case of the Phaedrus, I havelittle to quarrel with in his treat¬ment. His long sub-chapters expli¬ cating the myth of the son! broa¬den the significance of the mythfrom a tale about the origin of loveto an all-inclusive poem contain¬ing, as it were, the solution to ev¬ery existential problem. This broadreading of the myth will not appealto every reader of the Phaedrus;some may feel that only the expla¬nation of the divine origin of loveis necessary to the present dis¬course, and that the rest is Sinai¬ko’s and not Plato’s philosophy. Ifeel, however, that the broadercontext is actually implicit in themyth, and must be drawn out of itif the full meaning of the myth isto be understood.It is in particulars, rather thanin the general tenets of the book,that Sinaiko’s arguments get “outof line.” In his chapter, “Dialecticin the Republic,” he elucidates themyth of the cave. It will be remem¬bered that the prisoners in thecave sit facing a wall, and that be¬hind them, behind another lowwall, men walk carrying imageswhose shadows are reflected in thefirelight. Here is all Plato has tosay about them:Also figure to yourself a number ofpersons walking behind this wall,and carrying with them statues ofmen, and images of other animals,wrought in wood and stone and allkinds of materials, together withvarious other articles which over¬top the wall; and, as you might ex¬pect, let some of the passers-by betalking, and others be silent.Sinaiko suggests that these men,these “puppet-masters” are the“legislators of human communit¬ies.” The word “legislator” is ofcourse to be taken in the broadestpossible sense here: Sinaiko meansthat these men are those who pro¬vide the others with images of theworld in which he lives—the rul¬ers, priests, poets and painters.With this sort of extension Si¬naiko goes too far. Plato seems tomean by the passage quoted aboveonly that there is a reality beyondthe shadows which the prisonerssee. It is clear that even the “leg¬islators of human communities”are among the prisoners sitting onthe bench in the cave interpretingthe images. Sinaiko makes hispoint not to explicate the myth ofthe cave, but rather to support hispolitical interpretation of thatmyth.Sinaiko tends to “read”more of the text than is actuallythere, giving a passage more signi¬ficance than was probably intend¬ed by it. Committed to the doctrinethat each dialogue is holistic, ac¬tually or potentially. Sinaiko over¬interprets the text in order tomake it so. Herein lies the princi¬pal failure of the book as a whole.But if one measures this book byhow much one learns from it, itmust be considered not a failure,but a great success. Although onemay quarrel with what Sinaiko hasto say about this or that textualpoint, he has given us a primer inhow to read a major author withthe proper sympathy, in how to getthe most out of the deceptivelysimple dialogues of Plato.Eric SimachusMr. Simachus is a first-year grad¬uate student in the department ofEnglish.12 • CHICAGO LITERARY REVIEW • December, 196;GadflyRevise planning for more effective O-WeekSo much confusion and misunderstanding has arisen about the Pierce Tower resolutionfor the modification of Orientation Week that it is necessary to more fully explain boththe resolution itself and the reasons behind the dissatisfaction with the current set-upfor Orientation.An effective orientation period is ——vital part of the transition from “We feel that Orientation would is thus very important. Increasing-high school to the University of be both more coherent and more ly successful faculty fellow pro-m<* f 4P1f*TnChicago. The entering student, in effective if carried out in this man- grams help the entering studentorder most to appreciate and bene- ner.” feel personally a part of the intel-fit from the total educational ex- Perhaps it would be wise at this lectual climate of the University,perience of the College, must be point to explain what the Pierce and the Houses act as secure basesmade fully aware of the tremen- proposal is NOT. It is not an at- for orienting their members to thepus potential, both intellectual tempt to integrate the entering stu- University and to the neighbor-nd social, of college life. He dent to a single, minor aspect of hood,needs to be integrated into the college life. The program is de- ORIENTATION IS necessarily aI “university community —that en- signed to expose the students to all continuing process; thus the verytity that is so difficult to define, of campus life. In fact, the dormi- nature of orientation works againstyet is largely responsible for mak- tories are not a narrow “interest the effectiveness of transient Cl¬ing U of C the exciting place it is. group," rather, they are a struc- Boarders, who leave the dorms aft-IN ORDER better to carry out ture that is representative of all er eight days, usually seldom again_Jjiese purposes, Pierce Tower aspects of the campus. The as- to see—much less continue to aid—Council has passed the following sumption that the new proposal is entering students. And it is absurdresolution: based solely upon an irrational de- to think that a complete orientation“We, the Pierce Tower Council, sire to “protect" the entering stu- can take place in the eight days, resolve that the planning and im- dents from the debilitating in- the O-Boarders are in contact withI plementation of Orientation Week flu»nce of seditious non-dorm stu- entering students, especially sincebe revised in the following ways: dents is totally unfounded. SUch a long time is spent in test-1. All Orientation workers in a THE UNIVERSITY of Chicago ing. When these O-Boarders leave,liege House should be returning is residential. The University the responsibility of introducingmembers of that House, appointed seems committed to providing the entering students to a collegeHouse Councils. hiusing for all those who desire it, that is just then beginning to come“2. The over-all planning for Ori- and, indeed, requires most enter- to life with the return of all the up-entation should be carried out by a ing students to live in dormitories, perclassmen falls squarely uponsmall faculty - administration - stu- Increasingly, students do want to the shoulders of the dormitory ori-dent committee on which returning live in dormitories: the 65% of entation workers—where it re¬dormitory residents as well as non- undergraduates currently in the mains for some time, and, indeed,^dormitory students are represent- dorms represent a 9% increase where it rightly belongs. It follows,ed. It is suggested that there be over last year’s figure. This in- then, that no matter how hard aone dorm representative from each crease is largely accounted for by non-dorm orientation worker triesof the major dormitory units con- returning upperclassmen, rather to perform his role well, becausei...1 j meI byj enlcmtaining a significant number of en- than by entering students.-n tering students (i.e., Woodward,Pierce, Snell-Hitchcock. and Bur-ton-Judson). Each of these shouldbe elected by the orientation work¬ers in each dorm complex from The basic unit of the dormitory of the very transient nature of thatrole, he cannot be wholly successsystem is the College House; its ^u^-role should be stressed more dur¬ing Orientation, for a dorm needNOT be merely a place where stu-among themselves. The non-dormi- dents are required to eat andtory representatives should be ap- sieep The intensified interaction interest the new students in extraIn fact, it is usually the upper¬classmen of a House—represent¬ing a large number of quite di¬verse interests themselves—whopointed by the Dean of the College.“3. Under this committee shouldbe another, composed of one re¬turning member of each CollegeVlfeuse with entering students. Thef*4Trientation workers within eachHouse would name one of theirnumber to serve on this centralcommittee which would faciliitateboth inter-IIouse communicationamong individual orientation work¬ers and communication between with peers that is necessarily a curricular activities, who tell thempart of dormitory life can be val- of good places to go on a date, whouable in itself. Students themselves introduce them to stores in thedemonstrate this by choosing al- Loop—who continue the orientationmost all of their friends of the begun earlier. Orientation-Board,same sex from among others in as it is now constituted, is nottheir Houses. More importantly, especially concerned with the veryhowever, the House can be the dormitory life the entering stu-source of many rewarding experi- dents will lead. Most O-Boardersences—cultural, social, and ath- are transient members of a Collegeletic—all readily available to the House; they have no permanent in¬residents. Integration of entering terest in getting to know the enter-the planning committee and those students into their College Houses ing students or in seeing thatS' implementing the plans in the dor-tories House affairs run smoothly. Re¬turning dormitory students, on theother hand, have an intrinsic moti¬vation; they are planning to live intheir House during the whole year,not for just eight days.IN ANY CASE, the present divi¬sion between the O-Boarders andthe SHA’s (Student Housing Assist¬ants) is arbitrary and confusing.Returning dorm students are ascapable as O-Boarders of orientingentering students to the Universityand to the University community.Everyone in this community is ofcourse vitally concerned with it,and the broad spectrum of dormi¬tory residents is no exception. Theentering students themselves gen¬erally make no distinction betweenthe two types of Orientation work¬ers and address their questionsindiscriminantly to SHA’s orO-Boarders. Unfortunately, SHA’scannot always answer questionsconcerning specific Orientationprocedure, since there is a certainlack of communication betweenO-Board and the other people in¬volved in Orientation.To give only one example, thisyear there was a great deal of con¬fusion in Pierce Tower about ex¬actly how the tours of the Univer¬sity campus, the neighborhood, andthe Loop were organized. Almostno one—including the O-Boarders—seemed to know exactly what washappening. If tours were organizedwithin each House, such mix-ups,which confuse new students as wellas O-Boarders, could be avoided.Such tours would also probably bemore meaningful if conducted in asmaller, more relaxed and inti¬mate group.NON-DORMITORY O Boardersleave their temporary dorm roomswhile the second week of Orienta¬tion is still in progress. After that,if any difficulty arises, there is noone to ask about it. More impor¬tantly, there is less continuity toorientation than there should bebecause the O-Boarders leave; en¬tering students are not likely evento talk with the O-Boarders again.A readily accessible, continuingsource of orientation could be moreeffectively provided by returningdormitory students. With the advent of the New Col¬lege, the format of Orientation isapt to be very different in theyears to come. Now is the time tore-examine the structure of theOrientation mechanism and to tryto produce the best Orientation pe¬riod possible, considering the in¬herent difficulties outlined above.This obviously requires a capablecentral planning committee rep¬resentative of many different en¬lightened viewpoints We believethat Mr. Weintraubs faeulty-ad-ministration-s tudent committee,first created for this purpose lastspring, can formulate a good Ori¬entation program. The resolutionproposes that a place on this com¬mittee be guaranteed to somedorm residents in order to makecertain that the immediate dormconditions and difficulties in im¬plementation be clearly represent¬ed during the planning process.Those actually implementing theprogram created by the centralplanning committee, in order to bemost effective, must be chosenfrom among the returning resi¬dents of the College Houses. Thereis no problem in getting interestedand qualified Orientation workersin this way; there are always moreapplications for the present positionof SHA than there are posts to befilled. Finally, to facilitate com¬munication necessary to effect im¬plementation, it is proposed thatthere be a central board of Orien¬tation workers to serve under theplanning committee.This resolution encourages theconcept of an Orientation Boardwhich would be actively interestedin aiding the central planning com¬mittee during the school year.Holding discussions about the na¬ture of orientation to UC, sam¬pling student opinion, or in anyother way contributing to the de¬velopment of a sound, continuingOrientation program—all this ac¬tivity is vital and should be vigor¬ously carried through. Our su-preme interest is in providing a co¬gently planned and well-executedOrientation that will give enteringstudents a good idea of what itmeans to be an entering student atthe University of Chicago.Randall Bovb[ergr~ ^ 1 TAhSAM-YMNCHINESE - AMERICANRESTAURANTSpecialising klCANTONESE ANDAMERICAN DISHESOPEN DAILYII A.M. to 9:45 P.M.ORDERS TO TAKE OUT1318 East 63rd St. MU 4-1062J ALOHA NUIA hearty greeting from TIKIJED who has brought a smallsample of delicacies from theSOUTH SEAS along with someof your favorite AMERICANdishes.TIKI TED BRINGS TO YOUSUCH DISHES AS:Beef Kabob Flambe, Teri Yaki,Ono Ono Kaukau, and Egg Roll,as well as T-Bone, Club andFilet Mignon Steaks, SeafoodDelight, Sandwiches, and ColdPlates.After dinner don’t miss the newplays at the Last Stage. Join usfor cocktails at intermission andsandwiches after the show.CIRALS HOUSE OF TIKI51ST& HARPERFood served 11 a.m. to 3 a.m.Kitchen closed Wed.LI 8-7585 See Dream Diamond Rings onjy at these Authorized ArtCarved JewelersSurprise!your ArtCarved Diamond Ring comesto you on its own precious throne.LOTUS BLOSSOM ... on • litii* throneAll styles shown with their little thrones, charmingly gift boxedfrom $150 to $1200 backed by the written ArtCarvedguarantee and Permanent Value Plan.I® Alton—HUDSON'S JEWELRYAurora-TSCHANNEN JEWELERSBelleville—BECHERER’S JEWELRYBelleville—DIEHL’S JEWELRYDarbondale—J. RAY, JEWELERCarmi—H, D. BEAN, JEWELERCentralia—HERRON’S LEADING JEWELERS, INCCharleston—HANFT’S JEWELRYChicago—BASKIND JEWELERSChicago—COLE & YOUNGChicago—DE NAPOLI JEWELERSChicago—FARMER JEWELERSChicago-ROMAN KOSINSKIChicago—R. L. SEIDELMANNDixon—F. OVERSTREET & SONEast Chicago—BELL JEWELERSEast Moline—VAN DE VOORDE JEWELERSEldorado—PUTNAM JEWELRYElgin—PERLMAN’S FINE JEWELERSElmhurst—ELMHURST JEWELRY& OPTICAL STOREFreeport—LUECKE’S JEWELRY STOREFreeport—C. L. RINGER CO., INC.Galesburg—ELLIS JEWELRY CO.Geneva-ANDERSON JEWELERSHarrisburg—W. A. GRANT JEWELRYHarvey-BASTER JEWELERSHinsdale—ARTHUR W. RETZELJacksonville—THOMPSON JEWELERSKankakee—HUFF & WOLF JEWELRY CO.La Grange-SPENCER JEWELERS Lansing—PAUL WILSONLa Salle—C. A. JENSENLitchfield—PFOLSGROF’S JEWELERSMacomb—ARRASMITH JEWELERMacomb-LEBOLD & VOEGELEMilan-GODFREY JEWELERSMonmouth-MERLIN M. VAUGHNMount Carmel—ROBERTS JEWELERSMount Carmel—TANQUARY JEWELRY STOREMt. Carroll—B. L. SIEBERMt. Prospect—MT. PROSPECT JEWELERSMt. Vernon—CLARK JEWELERSOaklawn—WHEELER JEWELRYOak Park—HAYWARD JEWELERSOttawa-TRESS JEWELRY STOREPalatine—BYHRING JEWELERSPeoria—JERRY GARROTT, JEWELERSRockford—COMAY’S, INC.Rockford—MINCEMOYER JEWELRYRock Island—BROOKS JEWELRYSt. Charles—MATSON JEWELERSSterling—HART JEWELERSStreator—WALTER H. KERRUrbana—WHITTAKERS JEWELRYWestchester—WESTCHESTER JEWELERSWest Frankfort—JACOBS-LANE CO., INC.Wood River—TAYLOR JEWELRY COZion—ASHLAND JEWELERSDI^EAM DIAMOND FLINGSFor fr«« fo!d«r writ* J. R. Wood & Son*, Inc . 216 E 45th St., N*w York 10017December 3, 1965 • CHICAGO MAROONGerman professor cites Kennedy esteem(IA men in Peace Corps!Wise and Ross say so(Continued from page two)TO THE EDITOR:A letter in the Maroon, of Nov.19 claims that I stated that 20 CIAmen were screened out of thePeace Corps volunteers. Since theCIA keeps all its records secret,the letter says it would be impossi¬ble for me to know this. Also, theletter would like to know mysource.My source, as I stated at theTalking Newspaper, is The Invisi¬ble Government, by David Wiseand Thomas B. Ross. But the letteris perfectly correct when it says I,and by extension Wise and Ross,and. finally, Shriver have no wayof knowing how many CIA menwere in the Peace Corps. It couldbe much more than 20. It could beless.At any rate, I believe I said CIAsuspects, not CIA agents. The ap¬plicants were suspected as stillworking for the CIA because theyhad previously worked for the CIA,and when asked about previousemployment, has made no mentionof this fact. The figure 20 wasquoted by a Peace Corps official.(Wise and Ross, p. 293).But if the CIA really wanted toinfiltrate, they could have been alot more subtle than that. We havenoway of knowing for sure what, ifany, is the nature of CIA involve¬ment in the Peace Corps. In viewof the type of activities carried outby the CA in the past which I doc¬umented at the Talking Newspa¬per, it certainly is reasonable tosuspect that they might use thePeace Corps as cover. At least thisis what had Sargent Shriver soworried. (Wise and Ross, p. 294).In general, the letter of Nov. 19seems to argue that only if a StateDepartment official gives youcasualty figures, a CIA officialgives you spy rates, and, by exten¬sion, a police officer gives you bru¬tality statistics, can you believe it.I agree with the letter that it is very hard to get the facts; but 1wonder if the solution really is tolisten only to those who are mostinvolved in maintaining face withregard to the situation considered.By this solution, Mr. Giraldi willhave to believe both that Hanoi didoffer to negotiate last year, andthat Hanoi did not offer to negoti¬ate last year. I urge Mr. Giraldi toreconsider his strategy.NAOMI WEISSTEINLECTURER AND RESEARCHASSOCIATE IN SOCIALSCIENCESUT's Electra not boring,but the Maroon review..TO THE EDITOR:Your review in the Nov. 23 edi¬tion noted that the UT’s (Universi¬ty Theatre’s) performance of Elec¬tra was less boring than previousstudent attempts at Greek tragedy.It ascribed this to a successfulhandling of the chorus, and thenproceeded to judge the acting, witha single exception, mediocre.It is paramount to distinguishbetween one’s own lack of under¬standing and a true lack of qualityin the merchandise or in its dis¬play. There are many problems fora modern theater goer in acceptingSophocles, the stylized speech, thechorus, the importance of plot,myth, and fate above that of char¬acter motivation.Perhaps the UT’s performancewas less boring than previous pro¬ductions of Greek theater on ourcampus. However, it was not aswell sustained as it might havebeen. The play badly needed somerelief; Sophocles tried to providethat relief in the Pedagogue’s cen¬tral speech, which is inserted as asort of intermission directly in themiddle of the play. It permits us tosit back and enjoy a good storyafter we have so seriously attendedElectra’s misery for so long. Wecan enjoy the story because weknow that Orestes is in fact alive—but we must have a good story-tell¬er. The relief is a common devicein Greek drama. In Antigone, forexample, the soldier’s speech,while relating a rather seriousmatter, is none the less richlyspiced with overstatement (evenfor Greek drama). The soldier,through his excessive fear con¬joined with the language of a com¬mon man, becomes very funny justwhen the audience needs that res-THE BEST SOURCE FORARTISTS' MATERIALSOILS • WAFER COLORS • PASTELSCANVAS • BRUSHES ‘ EASELSSILK SCREEN SUPPLIESCOMPLETE PICTURE FRAMING SERVICEMATTING • NON-GLARE GLASSSCHOOL SUPPLIESDUNCAN'S1305 E. 53rd HY 3-4111 EYE EXAMINATIONFASHION EYEWEARCONTACT LENSESDR. KURT ROSENBAUMOptometrist53 Kimbark Plaza1200 East 53rd StreetHYde Parle 3-8372Student and Faculty DiscountTHE WORD FROM THE BIRD:QUALITYThe Max Brook Co.CLEANERS - TAILORS - LAUNDERERShas served the Campus with Unexcelled Qualityand Service Since 19171013-17 East 41st StreetAcross from Burton-Judson Ct. Phones: Ml 3-7447HY 3-68688 • CHUavv m a K O O N • December 3, 1965 pite. So in Electra, while the digni¬ty that the Pedagogue must main¬tain would not lend him to a comicrole, he is intended to offer us,none the less, some relief.Worthy of note in Friday’s per¬formance was the portrayal of Cly-temnestra. Her subtle deviationsfrom the carefully controlledstrength and self possession thatdefine the nobility of a monarchexpressed the intense passions thathad conceived and implementedthe murder of Agamemnon andmet with equal rage opponentswhom she both loved and hated.Had Clytemnestra’s expressionsbeen any less subtle they wouldhave lacked the nobility, strengthand intelligence that make her ofinterest; careful attention couldnot have failed to observe the clearexpressions of her emotions, mostadmirably achieved.In expressing these observationson the play I wish to exemplify avein of criticism only approachedby your reviewer in his remarksabout the chorus. I think that simi¬lar examinations could be madeconcerning the more important in¬tentions apparent in the interpreta¬tions of other actors and of the di¬rector and their respective successor failure. I regard the chief prov¬ince of the reviewer that of edu¬cating his public or giving it in¬sights into what it has seen andonly in such a context to praise (orfind fault with) the participants asfulfilling specified objectives. Hisunsupported opinion is rarelyworth printing. Your reviewseemed to avoid such attempts; (Ifind a criticism of the Pedagogue’shair color and Orestes’ clean hands—though bathed in red light—rath¬er insensitive to the play’s generalattempt at stylization, an attemptthat ranged from somewhatstarched characters to a lack ofscenery). Thus, having disagreedwith your reviewer on most of hispoints of personal taste, I cameaway from the review rather un¬satisfied and no further informed.Where these comments, althoughrather lengthy, merit publication,surely an apology for such a gliband unappreciative review is duethe UT who, in a short but un¬doubtedly intense 3 weeks, musthave devoted tremendous effort toproduce a result that in my opinionyou rather sold short; but what iseven more, the Maroon owes itsreaders an appraisal that tran¬scends the viscera.STEPHEN FINEBERGJoseph H. AaronConnecticut MutualLife Insurance Protection135 S. LaSalle St.Ml 3-5986 RA 6-1060 A former Presidential assistant, a visiting professorfrom Germany, and an American history professor discussedthe image of President Kennedy two years after his assas¬sination at the second Shorey Symposium Monday night.Gunther Moltmann, professor ofAmerican history at the Universityof Hamburg, described Germanopinion of Kennedy. Moltmann isspending a year in the UnitedStates on a fellowship, doing re¬search in American history.MOLTMANN STATED that he didnot think the President has beenvery pro-German, since Kennedydid not get along well with Chan¬cellor Konrad Adenauer and haddone nothing about the Berlin Wall.Yet Kennedy’s popularity with theGermans was very high while hewas alive, Moltmann said, and ithas not diminished in the last twoyears.At least four factors contributedto German love for Kennedy, Molt¬mann said. Ilis visit to West Ger¬many in 1963 was very successful.Adenauer was losing influence, sohis criticisms of Kennedy had littleeffect. The President’s youth at¬tracted many people. Finally theGermans needed some sort ofhero, Moltmann noted.Richard C. Wade, professor ofAmerican history at the Universi¬ty, described the ways in whichKennedy differed from earlierPresidents. Kennedy’s appeal, Wadelay in his image as representingthe “emerging generation” and hisability to make politics seem re¬spectable again.Charles U. Daly, a former advi¬sor to Kennedy, both as Senatorand President, and to PresidenTJohnson, is now UC’s vice-presidentfor public affairs. He tried to as¬sess Kennedy’s achievements.The ones Daly considered mostimportant were the Peace Corps,aid to underdeveloped countries^,especially in Latin America, revi¬talization of the State Department,the nuclear test-ban treaty, andcivil rights legislation.IN LOOKING at the future ofAmerican politics, Daly said thatthe chain of legislation begun h?*the New Deal is more or less com¬plete, and that President Johnsonwill not press too hard for newlaws. He also predicted that theRepublican party would pick up asmany as 50 Congressional seatj^next term.Wade said he expected to see astrong, “nonpolitical” Republican |candidate in 1968. as in 1916 or1940.He said Kennedy was the first togo to universities as a source ofworthwhile ideas. He saw the pos¬sibility of a “detente” with theSoviet Union, W’ade said, withoutany basic change in ideology.KENNEDY looked realistically atthe problems of emerging nationswithout considering them asthreats to the status quo, Wadenoted. And instead of ignoringdomestic problems like povertyand civil rights, he sought creativesolutions to them.Ski club chooses ’66 siteIaos, New Mexico, was chosenas the site of the annual ski trip atthe UC Ski Club meeting last Tues¬day. The trip will leave on Friday,March 19, and will include sevendays of skiing.The cost, around $150, includestransportation, room, all meals, alllift tickets, seven lessons, and insur¬ance. A $40 deposit will hold areservation until March 1, whenthe balance is due. For reserva¬tions or information, call IrvingWladawsky, x4146, or Hank Ben¬nett, 643-3676. Intramural briefs~Winter basketball league entriesare due Thursday, December 9. Itis important that entries are sub¬mitted then, as the schedule has tobe made up during the Christmasholidays.There were 45 men competing ir ;the Turkey Trot, which was heldon Tuesday, November 25. Thewinners were, Vincent House, PsiUpsilon, and Coulter. Will Provinewas the best runner, not a memberof a winning team.The fall tennis is nearing conclu¬sion. Yuknis of Psi Upsilon is the 1 ■winner for the fraternity hous^-Stameskin of Shorey South, forCollege house, and Mather for divi¬sional, with Stameskin meetingMather for all-U title.Handicap squash in semi-finalswith Gottschalk vs. Wright and Ko-lafosky meeting Beem.Deadline for submitting tothe bursar a loan applicationfor the winter quarter of 1966is December 17.BOOKSSTATIONERYGREETING (ARDS**A »*A lb »*A »»# *«!• *t« At* A>*V V V v V '<• V V VTHE BOOK NOOKMl 3-75111540 E. 55 St.10% Student Discount You won't have to put yourmoving or storage problemoff until tomorrow if youcall us today.PETERSON MOVINGAND STORAGE CO.12655 S. Doty Are.646-4411 TAPE RECORDERS ’Both D/C battery and A/Coperated for sale or rental.Inquire about application ofrental fee toward purchaseprice. jh. -The Universityof Chicago Bookstore5802 ELLIS AVENUEHyde ParkAuto ServiceLOTUS TR-4MG CORVETTEBUICK PEUGEOTALFA ROMEOFIAT MORGANFERRARI VWJim Hartman7646 S. Stony IslandRE 4-6393 UNIVERSITYNATIONALBANKstrong bank**PHEW CAR LOANS*4-00 Mr kindred1354 EAST 55th STREETMU 4-1200Member F.D.I.C *Sir George'sBEAUTY SALONStylized HaircuttingSHORELAND HOTEL55th at OUTER DRIVE324-4747 PL 2-1000 JcC-r!■em *4 t;’I-Thomas production well acted Science colfoqofum to hold discussionrUnder Milk Woodby Dylan ThomasDirected by Sidney PassinFirst Voice—Patrick CainSecond Voice—Daniel GlickenThe numerous roles were played by:Daniel Glicken, Leonard Kraftas,Lisa Childs, Bette K Hayes, GillianShaw, Herb Jones, Thomas Jordan,and James MillerThe Last Stage, 1506 E. 51st St.OA 4-4200advi-enatorsidenTsidentto as-mostCorps,revi-tment,, andire ofi that;un ill; com-ihnson• newit theup asseaULsee ablican >*>16 or A small Welsh coastal townwould appear differently todifferent people: the touristmight consider it quaint andcharming; the cosmopolitan wouldfind it mean; the intellectual mightconsider it illiterate; the doctorwould probably think it unsani¬tary; but the poet, the man inter¬ested in human nature, would findit fascinating. Such a man was theWelsh poet and spokesman DylanThomas. In his play Under MilkWood, we see, through his eyes,the hidden life of the town as onlya sensitive, devoted inhabitantcould see it. WITH HIS superb, poetically-rich prose, Thomas presents asympathetic and moving portraitof the townspeople and their feel¬ings. Happiness, nostalgia, love,contentment, pride, hate—the gos¬sipping of women, the playing ofchildren, the drinking of sailors—the desires of youth, the thoughtsof old age, the hatred and love ofmarriage—the entire range of hu¬man emotion is beautifully and fas¬cinatingly displayed by Thomas.Letting the characters speak forthemselves, he allows their innerfeelings, passions, and frustrationsto come forward in a structuresomewhat similar to Edgar LeeMasters’ Spoon River Anthology.In addition, his marvelously des¬criptive prose fascinatingly evokesthe spirit of the community.FOR THEIR most effective andmoving presentation of Under MilkWood, director Sidney Passin andhis fine cast deserve high praise.Patrick Cain read the descriptivenarrative with generally admirableskill, aided by Daniel Glicken, who also acted very well in a numberof roles. Leonard Kraftas was fineas the blind, nostalgic old CaptainCat. Liza Childs performed admi¬rably in such roles as Waldo's Wifeand Mrs. Dai Bread Two. Bette K.Hayes was excellent as Polly Gart¬er and Rosie Probert, while GillianShaw was fine as Mrs. Ogmore-Pritchard, Bessie Bighead, andothers. Herb Jones was mostamusing and moving as Mr. Waldoand the First Drinker. ThomasJordan was admirable as the ec¬centric Lord Cut-Glass, the Bach-loving Organ Morgan, and others,while James Miller was a fineRev. Jankins. The skill with whichthese actors adapted to their manydifferent roles was highly credita¬ble and deserves much credit.The cast, under Mr. Passin’s finedirection, skillfully expressedThomas’ belief, spoken by the poet¬ical Rev. Jankins, that: ‘ We arenot wholly bad, nor wholly good,who live our lives under MilkWood.”Mahonri M. Young The history of science colloquiumwill mark its second anniversarynext Monday evening with an in¬formal lecture-discussion by BarryG. Gale, chairman of the colloquimand a graduate student in the his-Seek Lowrey fundsA campaign to raise funds forthe Lowrey literary prize, inmemory of the late Perrin Lowrey,is presently under way.Sponsored by Shorey House, thepurpose of the prize is to encour¬age literary work by undergrad¬uates. The goal of the campaignis to raise $1,200 to endow the fundand award two $25 prizes a year.Shorey has had a literary prizefor the past two years, and whenLowrey was killed in an automo¬bile accident this past summer, itwas decided to name the prize aft¬er him.Anyone interested in making acontribution can send it by facultyexchange, to Lowrey Prize, PierceTower. Further information can beobtained from Charles Slier, 11016XShorey. tory of science. VIGale will speak on “Charles Daftwin—The Making of a Naturalist*A New Perspective.”The anniversary meeting will baheld at the home of Eric Cole, 5521S Everett, at 8 pm. Refreshment*will be served.Those interested in obtainingmore information about the collo¬quium and/or adding their name tothe colloquium mailing-list shouldcontact Miss Joanne Urban at 288-7917 or consult the colloquium bul¬letin board outside the history of¬fice on the third floor of SocialScience Research.lead poisoning war setThis Saturday, at 9 am there willbe a Lead Poisoning Work Daystarting at the American FriendsSociety Project House, 3543 W.Jackson Blvd. College and highschool students will be canvassingthe Garfield Park area with infor¬mation about the poisoning andbottles for urine analyses. Forfurther information, studentsshould contact Nancy Kelly, ex3773.I Panel of professors hassles over hamantash - latke lowdownronclu-Is thJi, for 7 ~r divi-leeting-finalsnd Ko-A/Cn ofbase (Continued from pa^,e one)tants of the island west of Bri¬tain,” he staled that “the popularopinion has always been that thesons of Erin were Semitic in origin,and indeed were in all likelihoodthe last remnants of the ten losttribes of Israel. However recentscholarship of the noted Hiberno-Israeli savant, Peter O’Rossi sug¬gests that the opposite is more like¬ly the case. It would appear that infact the Hebrews are of Celtic ori¬gin and are actually the lost tribesof Ireland (which hitherto wasunaware that it had lost any tribessave the Democratic Party in theUnited States of America).”In keeping with the new “consen¬sus” (or what Rossi called “ecu-mania —I mean ecumenism,”) noone directly disputed Greeley’sscholarship. Yet by a subtle shiftof emphasis, others pointed outthat it might possibly be morefruitful to direct study in anotherdirection.Professor of Music, LeonardMeyer, for example, presentedwhat many thought was a convinc¬ing argument for the link betweenmusic, latkes and hamantashen.“all composers agree that music isintimately connected with latkeand hamantashen,” he stated. “In¬deed, one may comb all the litera¬ture in existence and find noexpression of doubt whatsoever.” WHiLE MEYER examined theaesthetic development of thisunderlying factor in Western civili¬zation, Professors Lawrence Bogo¬rad. Lawrence Freedman, ElihuKatz, and Manning Nash examinedthe more scientific implications.Arriving at perhaps the most farreaching conclusions, Bogorad ex¬amined the effects of poppy seedsin hamantashen on the opiumtrade, and then went on to explainrecent government research indi¬cating that the moon may indeedbe made of green latke.The latke psychosisTaking the psychological point ofview. Freedman described what heconsiders the obvious interrelation¬ship between Freudian psychologyand the tatke-hamantashen contro¬versy. “A psychologist is not a nice doctor who cannot stand thesight of blood,” he said. “He is anobjective man of science who hastriumphantly survived and tran¬scended his puerile phase of latke-hamantash ambivalence—a neu¬rotic ambivalence, I might add.which has neurotically preoccupiedsome of the finest minds of thisdistinguished faculty for twentyyears.”Agreeing with Freedman’s viewson the psychological implicationsof the debate, Professor Nash sawthe latke and hamantashen as im¬portant symbols in our civilization.The major symbols of the GreatSociety are the latke and haman¬tash,” he stated. “The latke is theright wing view, a round earthsymbol; the view of the world as acontinual round of tzooris, a viewof man and life as flat and devour¬ing its own tail in the endless cir¬ cle that the leading healer of theGreat Society, Ben Casey, hastaught us to appreciate.“THE HAMANTASH is a leftwing view of the world. It is sym¬bolic of the bumpy road to the sub¬urbs. where all left wingers go ifthey live past twenty-five.”Apparently moved by the speech¬es of his fellow panelists. ProfessorKatz concluded that “the latke-hamantash debate is in seriousdanger of running out of ideas.”Using modern “facet theory” andwith the aid of a complex worksheet, Katz claimed that he had developed ninty-six new areas ofdiscussion on the topic.“It will now be possible for thalatke-hamatashen debate to contin¬ue for years to come,” he said,and observers differed on whetherthe sigh which followed was a pro¬duct of relief or exhaustion.correction of 11/23/65 ad forAvis Rent A Car, 1616 E. 53rdTheir CorrectPhone Number is782-0180Ml 3-4045TERRY'S PIZZAFREE STUDENT DELIVERY1518 EAST 63rd STREETMEDIUM 1.45LARGE 1.95EXTRA LARGE 2.95GIANT . 3.95ONIONS 10c EXTRA • GREEN PEPPERS or ANCHOVIES 15c EXTRAMUSHROOMS 20c EXTRA • PEPPERONI 25c EXTRAAlso complete line of other foods25c OFF Fifty-Seventh at KenwoodUNUSUAL FOODDELIGHTFULATMOSPHEREPOPULARPRICES>9ELVSboo TOAD HALL■i bjAnything Sold in Toad Halt May Also Be Leased or RentedSellsRentsLeasesHigh FidelityTape RecordersTelevisionAll Makes of TypewritersNew — Rebuilt — Used TypewritersAM-FM RadiosAccessoriesAltec — Ampex — ARDynakit — Empire — GarrardJBL — Kenwood — RobertsScott — Shure — Sony — Zenith11* 7 We Guarantee that nothing purchased in TOAD HALL can be purchased in theChicago area for less within 30 days. Frank T. Flynn—General Manager1444 E. 57th St. BU 8-4500Near the Medici and Green DoorWFMT Program Guide Student Tickets feTriengle Prod. Concerts TYPEWRITERSTHE BOOKSTORE has advertised that if you buya Smith-Corona model 250 or model 110 you'llget a $24.50 typing table at no extra charge.If you buy ANY New Smith-Corona Electric Type¬writer at TOAD HALL you'll receive not a typing(able al $24.50 but a reduction in price onmachine of $30.The question is this! Would you rather have atyping table worth $24.50 or $30 in cash? AllSmith-Corona electrics carry their famous 5 yr.guarantee. We carry all makes of typewritersand all are sold on the same basis.TOAD HALL1444 E. 57th St. BU 8-4500Near the Medici and Green DoorWFMT Program GuideStudent Tickets to Triangle Prod. ConcertsDecember 3, 1965 * C H i v. m \j \J iA a k U U N * 9I !m ' ' '» !Culture Calendar•• *'-p rw'M ^usfc Review ii,sse;: : Kempff uneccentricConcertsCHICAGO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA—Dec y-11—Georg Solti, cond; MstislavRostropovich, vc. Overt, to be an¬nounced. Shostakovich: Cone. Schubert:Sym No. 7. Dec 16-17—Georg Solti,cond. Mozart: Sym No. 25. Bruckner:Sym No. 7. Dec 29-30 (Special nonsub-eeription anniversary concert)—JeanMartinon, cond; soloist to be an¬nounced. Stock: Symphonic Variations,Martinon: Symphonie Altitudes (WorldPremiere). Balance of program to beannounced. Sat Concerts: Thu, 8:15;Fri, 2; Sat, 8:30. S2 50-$6.50. Fri galleryseats for students, $1.00 (available until1 pm only). Orchestra Hall Box Office:Daily, 9:30-6; later on concert nightsSun, 1-4. Orchestra Hall, 220 S. Michi¬gan. HA 7-0362; Sun & Hoi after 5:HA 7-0499. DanceALVIN AILEY DANCE THEATRE —Appearing in the final week of the Har¬per Theatre Dance Festival. “The BlueSuite,” “Congo Tango Palace,” “Roadof the Phoebe Snow,” “Reflections inE, ’ and “Revelations.” Tue-Sat, nowthru Dec 4, 8:30; Sun, Dec 5 at 2:30 &7:30. $3.30-$5.50. Harper Theatre, 5238 S.Harper. BU 8-1717.ANTONIO & THE BALLETS DE MA¬DRID —With a full company of 75. Sat,Dec 4 at 8:30; $3.50-$7.50. Sun, Dec 5 at2:30; $2.50-$6.50. Arie Crown Theatre,McCormick Place, 23rd & Outer Drive.FR 2-0566. Tickets $2.50-$5.50. Orchestra Hall, 220S. Michigan.OLD TOWN SCHOOL OF FOLK MUSIC—Third Annual Christmas Concert, fea¬turing holiday music from around theworld and a mummer’s play in cos¬tume, “St. George and the Dragon.”Dec 18 & 19 at 3:15. $1. (refreshmentsincluded in admission price.) 333 N.Wells. WH 4-7475.TheaterCHICAGO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRAPOPULAR CONCERTS —With guestconductors and soloists. Programs to beannounced. Maurice Abravanel, cond;Pierre Doukan, v: Sat, Dec 4 at 8:30.Irwin Hoffman, cond: Donald Shirley,p: Sat, Dec 18 at 8:30. $1.50-$4.50. Or¬chestra Hall Box Office, 220 S. Michi¬gan. HA 7-0362. CHICAGO CONTEMPORARY DANCETHEATRE —In a program of newworks by Maggie Kast, Jewel McLaurinand Judith Scott. Dancers include Mar¬garet Brice, Sandra Cae Goodin, KermitHopkins and Robert Terrill. Adm.Charge Sat, Dec 11 at 8:30; Sun, Dec 12at 2:30 & 8:30. Francis Parker SchoolAud, 330 W. Webster. MI 3-8916.ExhibitsAPOLLO MUSIC CLUB —William J.Peterman, cond; soloists; members ofChicago Symphony Orchestra. Handel:Messiah. Tue, Dec 21 at 8:15. $1.25-$3.00 Orchestra Hall, 220 S. Michigan.HA 7-5620. ART INSTITUTE —“The Golden Age,”Viking art of Sweden: Thru Jan 2.Master Drawings: Thru Jan 16. Illus¬trated Books & Watercolors: Thru Jan31. Photographs by Lyle Bonge: ThruJan 23.CONTEMPORARY CHAMBER PLAY¬ERS —Ralph Shapey, dir. Petrassi:Serenata. Sydeman: Cone de CameraNo. 2. Wernick: Stretti. Schoenberg:Serenade. Tue, Dec 7 at 8:30. Free.Mandel Hall, 57th & University.MI 3-0800, ext 3885.COLLEGIUM MUSICUM —Of the Univof Chicago; Howard M. Brown, dir. Aprogram of Medieval and Renaissancemusic sponsored by the Trinity Chris¬tian College. Fri, Dec 10 at 8. $1.50. Chi¬cago Christian H.S. Aud, 12001 OakPark, Palos Heights. 388-7650 ; 389-3229.ROCKEFELLER CHAPEL CHOIR &SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA — RichardVikstrom, cond; soloists. Handel;Messiah Sun, Dec 12 at 3:30. $3.50 &$4.50. Rockefeller Chape, 59th & Wood-lawn. MI 3-0800, ext 3387-88.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO SYM¬PHONY ORCHESTRA — RichardWernick, cond. Brahms: Tragic Over¬ture Haydn: Symphony No. 39. Stravin¬sky: Monumentum per Gesualdo. Cop¬land: Billy the Kid Suite. Sat, Dec 4 at6:30. Free. Handel Hall, 57th & Univer¬sity. MI 3-0800, ext 3885. Oriental Art Dept. Japanese prints byUtamaro (1753-1806): Thru Jan 9. Re¬cent Accessions, 1964-65: Continuing.Daily, 10-5; Thu, 10-9:30; Sun, 12-5.Free. Michigan & Adams.CONTEMPORARY PRINTS & DRAW¬INGS —Exhibition of original prints &drawings for Christmas. Daily, 1-5;Thu, 1-5 & 8-10. Closed Sun & Mon. Har¬per Court, 5225 S. Harper.RENAISSANCE SOCIETY —“Contem¬porary Art for Young Collectors Show”with works in all media. Thru Dec 22.10-5; Sat & Sun, 1-5. Univ of Chicago,108 Goodspeed Hall, 1010 E. 59th.DISTELHE1M DALLERIES —“Art Un¬der One Hundred Dollars” Exhibition ofdrawings & lithographs by gallery ar¬tists and etchings & lithographs by Bon¬nard, Chagall, Matisse, Picasso, Miro,Renoir, Cezanne, Toulouse-Lautrec, Gia¬cometti, Kollwitz, Hartung. Venard andAizpiri. Daily, 10-6. Closed Sun. 113 E.Oak. THE WINTER’S TALE —In a produc¬tion by the Goodman Theatre, starringLeo Ciceri. Thru Dec 19. Nightly, 7:30;Fri & Sat, 8:30. Closed Mon. Nightly,$3.00; Fri & Sat, $3.50. Monroe & Co¬lumbus. CE 6-2337.ARIE CROWN THEATER —Van Cli-burn, accompanied by the Chicago Sym¬phony Orchestra, in a benefit perfor¬mance for the Woodlawn CommunityServices Agency: Fri only, 8:15 pm.Student tickets at $3.50 available at ArieCrown box office; Allied Arts, 20 N.W’acker; all Sears Roebuck Stores; andthe Woodlawn Community ServicesAgency, 841 E. 63 st. At McCormickPlace. INTERNATIONAL GALLERIES —Re¬trospective exhibition of works by MaryCassatt. Thru Dec. Daily, 9-5:30. ClosedSun. 645 N. Michigan.MAIN STREET GALLERIES —25th An¬nual Christmas Show of original lithog¬raphs & etchings of French masters.Daily, 9:30-5:30; Sat, 9:30-5. 642 N.Michigan. THE LAST STAGE —Dylan Thomas’“Under Milk Wood”; Sidney Passin,dir. Dec 3-19. Fri & Sat at 8:30; Sun at7:30. Fri & Sat. $2.00; students. $1.50;Sunday, $1.50. 1506 E. 51st. OA 4-4200.Fclk music, blues, jazzMOTHER BLUES —Joe Mapes; ThruDec 12. Will Holt and Maxine Sellers;Dec 12-16 Oscar Brown, Jr.; Dec 28-Jan9. Mother Blues. 1305 N. Wells st.,Nightly, with Sunday concert at 4 pm.BOB GIBSON & COMPANY —Dec 31. Graduate and professionalschool catalogs and fellowshipannouncements are presentlyon file in the office of careercounseling and placement.Students are welcome to comein and browse.LSD: Silver Reflections on the Ecstatic ExperienceTennessee Leary Ph.DRalph Metzner Ph.DLecture — Questions — AnswersFriday, December 10, 1965 at 8 p.m.Japanese American Service Community Hall3257 N. Sheffield Ave. Admission $2 at doorSat. & Sun.: practical demonstrations at Center MARRIAGE and PREGNANCYTESTSBlood Typing A Rh FactorSAME DAY SERVICEComplete Lab. EKG A BMR FACILITIESHOURS: Mon. thru Sat. 9 AM • 10 PMHYDE PARK MEDICALLABORATORY5240 S. HARPER HY 3-2000Photographic ItemsSELECT YOUR CHRISTMAS GIFTS NOW.See our selection of cameras and projectors.A small deposit will hold any item for you.Free Gift Wrapping for items purchased in our store.The University of Chicago Bookstore5802 ELLIS AVENUE SAMUEL A. BELLmBuy Shell From Bell**SINCE 19264701 S. Dorchester AmKEnwood 8-SI50GOLD CITY INN'A Gold Mine of G«d Food"10% Student DiscountHYDE PARK'S BESTCANTONESE FOOD5228 HARPERHY 3-2559lEat More For Less)Try Our Convenient Take-Out Orders CoBEAUTY salonExpertPermanent WavingHair CuttingandTintingIS50 E. 53rd St. HY 3-8302 The best laid plans of mice and men oft get screwed.Thus, what seemed intended as a Thanksgiving gala turnedout to be just another Chicago Symphony after-dinner nap.The main attraction was the American orchestral debutof Wilhelm Kempff, performing the ecuted. If the counterpoint was stillBeethoven Third Concerto. Having discernable, this was due more toFUNNY GIRL —The smash Broadwayhit. Nightly, 8:30, Wed & Sat Matinee, 2.Nightly, $3.00-$6.95; Fri & Sat, $3.00-$7.50; Matinee, $2.75-$5.50. ShubertTheatre, 22 W. Monroe, CE 6-8240. played Beethoven for nearly seven- good orchestration than to the orty years, he has developed an awe- chestra’s tonal finesse or Martisome presence. He towers above non’s sensitivity,the keyboard and, with never a Sessions is a skilled symphonist:HANDS AROUND IN LOVE —A newmusical comedy based on ArthurSchnitzler’s controversial drama. “LaRonde,” starring Peter Burnell, PeggyLeRoy, Susan Rae and Joe Vocat.Nightly, 8:30, Fri & Sat, 8:30 & 11; Sun,7:30. Closed Mon. Nightly $2.65; Fri &Sat, $2.95. Theater in the Clouds, Aller-ton Hotel, 701 N. Michigan. SU 7-4200.HULL HOUSE THEATRE —Edward Al-bee’s play "Tiny Alice”; Robert Sick-inger, dir. Thru Dec. Fri & Sat at 8:30;Sun at 7:30. Fri & Sat, $3.90; Sun, $3.40Jane Addams Center, 3212 N. Broad¬way. 348-8336. » 7 * *downward glance, gazes sublimely he knows how to control large son-off into space. He clearly has the jc masses and avoid superfluousmusic in his blood. repetition. His work conscientious-ALAS, THERE IS no blood in the ]y refrains from both banal simpli-music. He favors a muffled tone city and hopeless complexity. Forand a literal, no-nonsense ap- example, when he uses a jazzyproach. His trills are just trills—no rhythm which would be trite ifnuance or added expression. A run blared out by the full orchestra, hebecomes a bunch of notes clump- limits it to a single group of instru-ing up or down, slightly stumbly ments, making sure that it is audi-due to aging technique. 1 —HULL HOUSE THEATRE AT PARK¬WAY —Michael Shurtleff’s play “CallMe By My Rightful Name”; MichaelMiller, dir. Thru Dec. Fri & S'at at 8:30;Sun at 7:30. Fri & Sat. $2.50; Sun $2.00Parkway Community House, 300 E.67th. 324-3880. To some, I suppose, this is a ble without dominating.UNFORTUNATELY, although it* 7 . . UINrUMunMl Ck i, fliuiuugu ithealthy rejection of eccentricity. exudes technical competance of aBut Kempff is so uneccentric, so hj h order the symph0ny lacksimimortinifiira oc In Kd nPTVPrCP 6 « , i Junimaginitive as to be perverseThe notes are there; the music personality. Balance, clarity, andTHE SUBJECT WAS ROSES —PulitzerPrize-winning drama starring Jack Al¬bertson, Martha Scott and Martin Sheenof the New York Cast. Nightly, 8:30;Wed & Sat matinees at 2. Nightly $3.00-$5.50; Fri & Sat. $3.50-$6.00; Matinees,$2.50-$4.50. Theatre Party and Benefitrates available. Studebaker Theatre. 418S. Michigan. 922-2973. . „ . . .. n™sl<: taste are all signs of skilled arti-lsn t. For example, at the end of g but nQ^ necessarily of anthe finale, Beethoven undercuts amock-heroic climax with a deftcoda, sticking his tongue out at the artist.The opener was more infectious:CUUd, ollvlkllife 1113 IUI1£UC uui ai ....... — ^ _ .preceding drama. Kempff played it a searing William Tell Overture,all with a lumbering seriousness Rossini draws the best from Marti-which might best be squandered on non’ w^° provides the same serv-Max Reger. It was funny; but ice in reverse. It was appropriatelythen, so is Ormandy playing Bach, theatrical—gobs of glowing toneIf Kempff reminded you of were squeezed from the solo cellosgrandpapa, conductor Martinon i° li*e introduction (so lusterless intook the role of fussy aunt. He lhe hands of less color-orientedmade sure that everything was conductors), brutally bombastictidy, diligently burying everything brashness blazed in the climaxes.Kempff was doing. The orchestra, Without the slightest hint of so-meanwhile, reverted to its habit of briety, both orchestra and conduc-blurring everything above mezzo- t°r indulged themselves. So, natur-piano and blaring everything above ally, did everyone else.forte> Instead of the Concerto, Marti-ORCHESTRALLY, the first Chi- non should have given us Welling-cago performance of Sessions’ ton's Victory.Third Symphony was similarly ex- Peter RabinowitzUC symphony under a new conductor9llf“You can’t let down for a moment. You’ve got to concen¬trate every second,” exhorted Richard Wernick as he whippedthe members of the UC Symphony Orchestra into readinessfor its autumn quarter concert tomorrow evening at 8:30 pmin Mandell Hall.Wernick, the new conductor of He realizes, however, thatthe orchestra and a member of the performance of certain of thesemusic department faculty, was pieces will require a great deal offormerly director of the Center for work on the orchestra’s part. ButCreative and Performing Arts at he feels that the orchestra mem-the State University of New York bers are willing to do this workat Buffalo. and as a result, he is schedulingThe orchestra itself is larger for the near-future such works asthan last year, with the addition of Schumann’s Symphony No. 4 andthe 30 new instrumentalists, bring- Hindemith’s Mathis Der Maler .ing its ranks to almost 100 mem- For tomorrow evening’s concert,bers. Wernick has selected works fromWernick is optomistic both about the eighteenth, nineteenth, andthe orchestra’s potential and about twentieth centuries, both for thethe fact that UC’s Contemporary sake of variety and to provide theChamber Players and the music musicians with a diversified stylis-department are purchasing instru- tic challenge,ments which will be at the orches- Brahras. Tragic ov.rtur. willtra s disposal. This will enable the .. . , „ _ _orchestra to widen its repertoire, °Pen concert, followed byuritv. rarplv-nlavprl Stravinclrv mm aparticularly with regard to later rarely-played Stravinsky work,Romantic and contemporary com- Monumentum pro Gesualdo, whichpositions. is a twentieth-century setting ofpieces by the sixteenth centurycomposer Don Carlo Gesualdo.John Solie, the assistant conduc¬tor of the orchestra, will conductHaydn’s Symphony No. 39 after in¬termission, and the concert willconclude with Copland’s Billy theKid, Suite. Admission is free ofcharge.Moore's Standard ServiceComplete Automotive Repair5601 S. COTTAGE GROVE752-9818Christmas GiftsFor convenient shopping you will find a carefullyselected assortment of Holiday Gift items for men,women and children in our Mens Wear, Womens Wearand Gift Departments.Our Stationery Department carries a wide varietyof lamps, and pen sets from which to choose.Free Gift Wrapping for items purchased in our store.The University of Chicago Bookstore5802 ELLIS AVENUE Universify ThealreELECTIONBoard of Directorsfor 1966Monday, Dec. 6,1965 - 5 P.M.Reynold's Club Theatre10 * c H l l Mv w m h u w u u • uecemiier o, 1965"MPTMODEL CAMERAQUALITY 24 HU.DEVELOPING■XPERT PHOTO ADVICENSA DISCOUNTStM* L 55Hi HY 3-9259 Koga Gift ShopDistinctive Gift Items From TheOrient and Around The World1462 E. 53rd St.Chicago 15, III.MU 4-6856UNGER YARNS ARE GREATFOR MEN’S SWEATERS5210 HARPERChicagoNO 7-1060:30 to 6. 7:30 to 10 Mon.-FrL11:30 to 6, Saturday come in 15 colors, 3 styles.Use them for the sweaterpatterns in 5 Unger knittingbooks or Vogue Sweatersfor men and boys. Also forhelmets, hats, scarves, andmittens.howtreeareyou?i^body is harnessed to some-tiing—driven by an idea, or thebncept of life he holds. If itjives you a glimpse of God, then)ur harness is Truth, and ittides to the only freedom andilfillment man can know. Asmpus poet once called it "Rid-Rog Easy in the Harness"—andl'.iis is the title of a public lec¬ture by THOMAS A. McCLAIN,member of the Board of Lecture¬ship of The First Church of ChristScientist, in Boston, Mass.CHRISTIAN SCIENCELECTURESaturday, December 4th at 3:30Tenth Church of Christ, Scientist5640 South Blackstone Avenuev Admission FreeEveryone is welcome 10-9 on Thursday10-5:30 Other DaysClosed Sunday FABYAR 5225 Harper363-2349HARPER THEATRE5238 S. Harper presents BU 8-1717ALVIN AILEY DANCE THEATERSame program at each performance: The Blue Suite, Congo TangoPalace, Road of the Phoebe Snow, Reflection in E. Revelations."A sensational success." —DANCE MAGAZINE10 young American Negro soloists presenting a program ofmodern and traditional jazz, blues, and spirituals set to themusic of American composers Duke Ellington, Samuel Barber,Kenyon Hopkins, and Miles Davis. Most recently the companypresented two full programs of dance at the Theatre Champs-Elysees, Paris and the Shaftesbury Theatre, London in theirtwo-month European tour. In 1963 the company performedin the Rio de Janeiro Internationa! Music Festival and touredthe United States playing in concerts and festivals in morethan 300 universities and colleges. In 1962, the ALVIN AILEYAMERICAN DANCE THEATER, under the aegis of PresidentKennedy's Cultural Exchange Program, toured over 30 townsand cities in Southeast Asia, Japan, and Australia. Wher¬ever it has appeared, the company has received unanimouscritical acclaim.Tonight thru Sat. 8:30Ends Sun., Dec. 5 — 2:30 & 7:30Special Student Rate ($2.50) for Tue»., Wed., Thur*., t Sunday PerformanceNICKY'SNICKY S TAKE-OUT Al DELIVERY MENUtp**- oi-i£if Sstah. andRIBS1 Slab 2.502 Slabs 4.75 Small Medium LargeCHEESE 1.35 2.15 3.20SAUSAGE 1.60 2.40 3.50ANCHOVIE 1.60 2.40 3.50ONION 1.40 2.20 3.25PEPPER 1.60 2.40 3.50MUSHROOM .... 1.60 2.40 3.50BACON 1.60 2.40 3.50HAM 1.60 2.40 3.50Free Stu c ?nt DeliveryV-*’‘ WITH THIS COUPON4 Pizzas for thePrice of 3I 5 * ♦ , * ' * 4On Mon., Tues., Wed., Thur».thru DECEMBER 17 CHICKIE IN THE BOX10 Large Pieces 2.5016 Large Pieces 3.7520 Large Pieces 4.75SANDWICHESPlain or BAR BQ Beef 75Meat Ball 65Sausage 65Above Served with PeppersHAMBURGER 50CHEESEBURGER 60BAKED LASAGNE 1.75FA 4*5340 Maroon Weekend GuidejKCCGCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCOCGCeCCCCCCCCCCCOOCCCCCCeCCCC''RANDELLBEAUTY AND COSMETIC SALON ^5700 HARPER AVENUE FA 4-2007Air-Conditlonfng — Opu Iren Ings — Willie Trego***, MonegereaeGIGANTICRECORDSALE...BAROQUEEVEREST - CONCERT DISCESOTERIC - COUNTERPOINTALBUMSFAVORITECLASSICSAND UNUSUALSELECTIONS . . .BY OUTSTANDINGARTISTS!!!• Sir Adrian Boult9 Aaron Copland9 Fine Arts Quartet• Paul Hindemith• Josef Krips• Sir Malcolm Sargent• William Steinberg9 Leopold Stokowski9 Villa-Lobos• London SymphonyOrchestra• Pittsburgh SymphonyOrchestra• Telemann SocietyBuy One AtLOWE'SFOR$369 SYMPHONY-MUIS K FLATMAJOROP. 55rEROfCA"!JOSEF KRIPSand the* • London3 ,S\ mithony-OrclicMritEVEREST LPBR-6087/SDBR-3087HANDELCOUNTERPOINT 515/5515CONCERT-CiSC o'.M-’t.the FINE ARTSQUARTETplayingSTRING QUARTETSNo 1. OPUS 7Nc. 2. OPUS rCONCERT DISC 1207/207MONO & STEREOGET ONEFREECOUNTERPOINT 520/5520Lowe’s RecordsHYDE PARK SHOPPING CENTER1538 E. 55thMO 4-1505OPEN 9:30 to 9:00 MON. THRU FRI.SAT. 9:30 - 6:00 - Sun. 12:00-5:00December 3, 1965 • CHICAGO MAROON • HFaculty calls for new liberal arts approach(Continued from page one) IN THE spring, there could be “aesthetic judgment,” using ma- ard C Lewontin, professor of zoolo- biased reports of eye-witnessesTUC cTiinFNT should while seminars in literature and inquiry terials from the arts and philoso- Sy« urSes that the curriculum be and the parallels between the twoTnt aiuucni snouiu, uv (Qr . Some Great Works>*)5 as the hv pegged more directly to the parti- revolutions.taking the course, feel ‘thoroughly report puts it A group of about six attemot cular subject matters, each illus- In addition to taking courses inengaged” and gam ‘a sense of ful- important works (different ones 1 a s iv o p t ti - “thp nrohlems of method natural sciences, social sciences,fillment, of free inquiry for its own each year) would be read, and to get the student to see how all 8 and hnrnanjties. an first-vear stu-’some of them intensively dis- fields of knowledge could be organ- f "dewpoint that the more in-. , . , . „ . . „ ter-disciphnary model also at-cussed. iZed in cosmologies, showingThis course would have several «<what separate disciplinesvariants, each with its own staff, . . .. .........mean in relation to the total mtel-sake.”Although the exepriences of thiscourse, “Liberal Arts I,” should"to some degreeshared by allsome books, lectures and topics incommon, there should not be a sinbe literally, h n ” with although there would be “veryiresnmen, vvun general lines laid down to which lectual endeavor of mankind.”Lewontin Proposal tempts to handle.FOR ONE example, he proposesthat a course in social sciences beorganized around the Russian and and humanities, all first-year stu¬dents should read a small list ofbooks useful to all, Lewontin pro¬poses.The courses in Lewontin’s plairwould each be two quarters inlength, and three more suchcourses would be taken in the lastIn “A Modest Proposal” append- French revolutions, which would three years of College without res¬ell course with uniform svllabus. Upper Year Courses . .Rather, there should be four or For “Liberal Arts II, III, and ed to the committee’s report Rich- offer an opportunity to compare tnction of time or subject.fiv» “staffs” working with differ- IV”, in each of the following un-ent points of emphasis, the report dergraduate years, a somewhaturW?s similar pattern would have thecontent each year based on divi-Small-group tutorial sessions .would be"the most important sin- sions in types of knowledge.gle ingredient of the whole,” the The report notes that every mareport says. Tn these sessions, jor philosopher makes some provibeing tried in first-vear English sion for tthree “domains”:classes now, groups of four or five • Knowledge for its own sake Han (and happy birthday) to the chief!Classified Ads - ’ i*PERSONALSThe war in Viet Nam is a lot of Bull. Christmas carols with good ole Santa°‘Vr'. :. . - miuwicuge tut ns unn Mitt Hail (and happy birtnctay) to tne emeu BABY SITTERSstudents base their discussion on (Plato's “true” knowledge Aristo- From assorted foofniks and Wuffle. Dec. 6-10 is registration week for Wint... . triaius uuc Miu vtcugc, — Quart, register at Student Co op in Rey-tneir own snort papers. ties “theoretical knowledge, IS IT TRUE that “University hatchet- nolds Club Basement betw 10:30-3:30.There would also be discussion Kant’s “pure reason”); men” secretly chopped down all those For further info, call x3561.groups of ten to 20 students, aquarter of “seminar” work delvinginto sustained inquiry into a singleproblem, distinguished lectures bytop men with provocative things tosay, and heavy reading lists. • Knowledge for the sake of ac¬tion. the grounds of choice (Aristo- trees in Jackson Park to make SouthCampus look verdant by compari¬son???!!?? —Publiustie’s “practical knowledge,” Kant’s p a d“practical reason,” Plato’s “the I do believe in SantaN.K.A stitch in time saves WUFFLE. Happy Birthday, Wuffle.I WANT! I WANT! I WANT! I WANT!Aesthetic appreciation, in- “YOUR BIG WEEK IS COMING! semi¬nars, jazz concert, lectures, folk festi-WUFFLE sheds• f* a • • mm * 1 1 _ „ f /vv.rfriM * »C O l*lv IH, Cl U U1 U. latl U Jill” Ildl b, JctZiZi LU11LC 1 l, lCLlUI CO, wauAS ONE possible way Of orean- . . standards of excellence val- faculty-student get togethers andizine such a course, the report in- qulI7 int0. standAr?.s 01..exc?‘llel?ce lots more, watch for itm!eluded an illustrative course out- <“thf . beautiful,” ‘productiveline. The first quarter, for in- knowledge ).stance would begin with discussion V “well-rounded man shouldof the determination of “fact” and hold at least some values in allth? problem of Droof. three domains, the report sayspointing out that the RIDES & RIDERSRiders to So. Calif, expen. & Driv. AlanBerger DO 3-9851.Visitors wanted. Judy Rosen W-749 Bill¬ings—open house every day. Ride offered to Wash. DC Xmas leaveDec. 16 or 17 • Bob Hanson 684-1386.Wanted (alive): Books, buyers, & > rowsers, . . . BOOK EXCHANGE we ll sellyour books or else! Reynolds ClubThp problem of determinin'* uul 11,01 lllc first-year Basement io:30-3:30.1, fP . .. ,, h course attempts to include some WILL the “hatchetmen'' who choppedhard facts would be Studied ,, down the cherry tree in front of B.S. sthrough specific controversies in material from all. home^easejeturn it to the hph ouperhaps two different fields, and TO CARRY this idea further, gow about' a~b«ke-ln for Viet-Nam?students would read one major something like the following pat- send cakes & candies etc (cookies will APTS. & RM. MATESphilosophic treatment of the conse- tern might be established, the re- HreaaCdkquartt°erSU|u?port)iAecCtiv[iieslJ ia?g-~ AP.O ~ “ ’ ‘quences of systematic skepticism,” port suggests:such as Descartes, Hume, or San- • Liberal Arts II would discusstayana. “problems of human choice, prac- Code 100; A.P.O San Francisco;96243. But get advice on how to packsuccessfully.A wuffle in time saves S1*.THERE WOULD be outside lec- tical judgment, and action.” Topics FOUND: at 54th and Woodiawn. a grayturers, such as a lawyer on deter- such as civil rights could be looked m?le cat If it s yours or you want itmining facts in legal disputes, and at. giving the historical back- Please' 1eave8your name andphone'**a scientist on the nature of experi- ground, discussing policy questions at 5405 Woodiawn for Marie stemment. Fern stud, seeks apt to shareWint. Quart. Jennifer 667-0104. beg.The winter quarter could turn to issues related to the problems. (Or your regiftrldion^acket11* tvoo^toThecould be Bursar.discussion of selected systems of philosophical conceptsthought (“Some Greatsuch as Aristotle, Freud, and examples.)Marx. • Liberal Arts III might be onMinds”) discussed first, moving to specific Payment is due this week for the SGminus B r charter flights and busses to New York.A penalty fee will be charged for reser¬vations or payments received belatedly. FURN. APTS. FOR RENTDR. AARON ZIMBLER, OptometristIN THENEW HYDE PARK SHOPPING CENTER1510 E. 55th St.DO 3-7644 DO 3-6866EYE EXAMINATIONSPRESCRIPTIONS FILLED CONTACT LENSESNEWEST STYLING IN FRAMESSTUDENT & FACULTY DISCOUNT Air-bus-rail-ship-hotels world-wide or lo¬cal, do it yourself or escorted quicktours. See us now. MARCO POLO. $135 MBU 8-5944. Furn. Apt. sub-lease So. Shore 2'i rms.U4-79f7964 or 493-7594 nites.WRITERS WORKSHOP (PLaza 2-8377).See the 1965 debut of Santa Claus at the 7761 So. Shore Dr.1 rm. kit. util. incl. $16.Wassail Party, Fri. Dec. 10, Ida Noyes,from 4:30 to 6 and celebrate the lastday of classes. You’ll be WANTEDHOW FAR SHOULD A GIRL GO.All the way to Sticks & Stones ifshe wants something exciting.See our stimulating jewelry col¬lection and erotic wood carvings.Hundreds of items especiallyselected for gift giving. Every-thing's something very special.SHOPPING IS EXCITINGAT STICKS & STONESHARPER COURT5210 S. Harper 324-7266NEW DAILY HOURS10 a.m. to 8:30 p.m.Open Saturday and Sunday Jimmy’sand the University RoomRESERVED EXCLUSIVELY FOR UNIVERSITY CLIENTELEFifty-Fifth ond Woodiawn Ay*.PIERRE ANDREface flatteringParisian chicten skilledhoir stylists ot5242 Hyde Pork Blvd.2231 E. 71st St.DO 3-072710% Student Discount WANTED TO BUYGood Books & PaperbacksRudolph van TellingenBooksellerHarper Court HY 3-57875225 So. HarperliNFill^ don La protection flnanclfere que vou*donnez & votre famille aujourd’huldevra lui fetre procure d’une autrefacon domain. L’assurance Sun Litepeut certainement accomplir cettetdche A votre place.En tant que repr^sentant local de la SunLite, puis-je vous visiter i un moment d*votre cholx?Ralph J. Wood. Jr.. CLUHyde Park Bank Building. Chicago 15, lit.FAirfax 4-6800 — FR 2-2390Office Hours 9 fo 5 Mondays & FridaysASUN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF CAN A DA''A MUTUAL COMPANY Beautiful Gift Books for Important PeopleOn Your Christmas ListPICASSO'S WORLD OF CHILDRENby Helen Kay $22.50THE WHOLE WIDE WORLDby William Clifford $15.00THE KENNEDY YEARS $16.50LETTERS OF THE GREAT ARTISTSedited by Richard Friedenthal $15.00THE OXFORD COMPANION TO THE THEATREby Phyllis Hartnoll $15.00THE COLLOQUIES OF ERASMUS $15.00CHINESE JOURNEYby Kessle and Myrdal $9.95THE ILIAD OF HOMERTranslated by Richard Lattimore $13.50THE BEST THINGS IN LIFEby Joseph Wechsberg $10.00Free Gift Wrapping for Items Purchased in Our Store.The University of Chicago Bookstore5802 ELLIS AVENUE j: iyou don’t join him and enjoy all the hotWassail, decorate the only all-Universi-ty Christmas tree, and sing a few TYPING - EDITINGReasonable 667-0470Rm & board offered in exch. for sitting& dinner dishes Call Cohn FA 4-0329.^ifL,Fem. wanted for Doctors officeknowledge of typing; part time.723-1009. CaTSTOP THE WAR IN VIET NAM takethe cap & Gown order card from yourregistration packet & $5.00 to the Bur¬sar. Typist exper. reas. HY 3-2438.FORSALEAfghan Houncf.Male pedigreeRO 4-5272.Hillel has Hanukkah candles & Menoiotfor sale 5715 Woodiawn.Have AM in 1 rm.. FM in another .Jsame time: Scott 330-d AM-FM tuner, o?Scott stero adptr. Both in 1 oak case.?140. Harris: 493-8276.My ’57 VW has gone only 38,000 mi. You11 it. ~must see it; 1 must seThroughout. 752-7763 Fine cond.Ride wanted to Baltimore or Wash.DC.. DeBarbieri WH 4-4180.Riders wanted to Fort Lauderdale Fla.leave Dec. 16 return Jan 2. Call Gloria324-7511. SG poster regulationsFern, needs apt & grad stud rm matesbeg interum or next quart. 324-2237.Lux. apt to share near like $67 mo. CallSharon MI 3-0800 x3903 or PL 2-3800 rm1710.Fern, foreigner wanted for roommateNear North contact Miss Novak 2729 W.Howard.2 girls want 3rd rm mate to sharebeaut, apt. Call 363-2748.Do you need a fern, rm mate start nextraised, and moving to philosophical support the war in viet nam quart? Call 288-7574.Want to sublet 1 or 2 bedrm apt for therest of the academic year. Preferablythru Sept. Call 363-0034.Nice reasonable room near campus forrent. Call MI 3-9257.Foster home wanted for plant overScrooge if Xmas vacaticn. BU 8-6610 Rm. 1214. There have been a number ofviolations of the poster distribu¬ting regulations in the StudentCode recently according to Stu¬dent Government (SG). Postershave been put up in illegalplaces. Also unsigned, un^stamped, or oversize postershave been used.The Student Code, promul¬gated jointly by SG and theDean of Student's office pro¬vides that:1) Only student organizationsduly recognized by SG may post^unotices on campus bulletirboards.2) All posters, handbills, andpetitions must bear the stampof the Student Activities Office.3) All posters must be postedon bulletin boards. Posting onwalls, trees, windows, garbagecans, etc., is not permitted. #4) All posters, handbills and*^petitions must bear the name ofthe sponsoring organization.5) Petitions, except on aca¬demic matters, may not be cir-culated in classroom buildingsor in the libraries.6) No poster may exceed 11“x 14".Copies of the Code are avail¬able from either SG or the Stu¬dent Activities Office, secondfloor, Ida Noyes Hall.EMBLEMSfor dubs, fraternities,sororities, etc.8 to 1000 quantity •phone 286-6333RECCO MAIDEMBROIDERY (0.4626 W. CORNELIAChicago, III. 6064112 • CHICAGO MAROON • December 3, 1965