Uniter .f.rPernor y iAaGE?UC celebrates anniversary of atomic ageAt least 34 of the scientists UC in 1945. He accepted the MIT Manhattan Proiect nro hoi™ T L ^,,d technicians who nartici- appointment because “it offers an , . .. ‘ b 1 tlonal Laboratory,, Argonne, Ilii- New York; Leo Seren; Frank H.^LTnthrachTevementof unparalleled opportunitytoSl£" f™3 “ the Quadrangle Club, the nois; David L. Hm, Physical Sci- Spedding, Department of Chemis-patea in ine «u, levemeut ox head.on( the probjem of ciosing Administration building lobby, and ence Corporation, New York; Wil- try, Iowa State University, Ames,the first sell-SUStaining- nu- the gap in understanding which the uc bookstore. liam Hinch, E.C.I. Engineering I°wa; WiHiam J. Sturm, Argonne;clear chain reaction in the West has developed between the scien-Stands of Stagg B ield on Decern- tific and humanistic componentsher 2. 1942, will return to campus of our culture.”tomorrow' to mark the 20th anni¬versary of the event.Weather permitting, the groupwill return to the site of the Chi¬cago Pile No. 1. A bronze plaeque Born of missionary parents inSoochow, China, where he liveduntil age seventeen, Smith hasdevoted his teaching carer tobridging intellectual gulfs between A special supplement onon the 20th anniversary ofthe Manhattan Project ap¬pears following page 5 intoday's Maroon.now marks the site, which is across the East and West and betweentin* street from the Enrico Fermi science and humanities. He hasInstitute for Nuclear Studies. Fer- made field studies in the Nearmi, who died in 1954, led the team East, India, Southeast Asia, and Attending the 20 th anniversarycelebration will be:Samuel K. Allison, Frank P. Consultants, Denver, Colorado;Robert E. Johnson, Argonne; W.R. Kane, General Electric Com¬pany, San Jose, California; AugustC. Knuth; P. G. Koontz, Los Ala¬mos Scientific Laboratory, LosAlamos, New Mexico; Herbert E.Kubitscher, Argonne.Also, Harold V. Lichtenberger,Combustion Engineering, I n c.,Windsor, Connecticut; George M.Hixon Distinguished Sendee Pro- Maronde; Anthony J. Matz, Ar-«»f physicists and scientists. Japan, and has participated in fessor, Department of Physics and gonne; George Miller; George D.Included in the group will be *sraeb kibbutzim, Indian ashrams, Enrico Fermi Institute for Nu- Monk, Intellegence Division, Uni-Iwo members of the US Atomic Burmese meditation centers, and clear Studies; Herbert L. Ander- ted States Atomic Energy Corn-Energy Commission, James T. Zen juionasteries in Japan. son, Department of Physics, and mission, Washington; Robert G.Ramey and Dr. Robert E. Wilson. R. J. Watts, Los Alamos ScientificLaboratory; George L. Weil, Con¬sultant, Washington, D.C.; MarvinH. Wilkening, New Mexico Insti¬tute of Mining and Technology,Socorro, New' Mexico.In another Chicago observance,I,000 science teachers from publicand parochial schools will meetat the Museum of Science andIndustry Saturday morning toparticipate in a program spon¬sored jointly by the Atomic Ener¬gy Commission and the SchwabFoundation.Those on the Museum of Sci-During the summer of 1962 Director of Enrico Fermi Institute Nobles. Argonne; Warren P. Nyer, ence an^ Industry program in-Sergio Fenoaltea, Italian ambas- Smith spent three months visiting for Nuclear Studies; Thomas Brill, Phillips Petroleum Company, elude James T. Ramey, Normansador to the US, and Francesco c°Hege. and university centers in Datomatic Division, MinneapolisGuariglia, counsel-general of Italy Hie 1<ar East and India. His The Honeywell Company, Newtonin Chicago will also attend. Also Religions of Man (Harpers, 1958) Highlands, Massachusetts; R. F.present will be Mrs. Enrico Fermi has been acclaimed as “the book Christy, Kellogg Radiation Labo-and Mrs. Arthur E. Compton, w'i,- which will henceforth become the ratory, California Institute ofdow of the director of the Metal- standard source of guidance and Technology, Pasadena, California:lurgical Laboratory. information in evaluating the Carl C. Gamersfeller, HanfordAt 12:30 pm the group will join great . Laboratories, General ElectricExhibitions of various docu- Company, Richland. Washington;ments and instruments of the Norman Hilberry, Argonne Na-representatives of the AEC fromArgonne National Laboratory, andleaders of industry at a-Univer¬sity sponsored luncheon at theQuadrangle Club.Walter inn, president of Com¬bustion Engineering Company ofWindsor, Connecticut, will speakat the luncheon. Zinn, who wasfirst director of Argonne NationalLaboratory, operated by UC forthe AEC, was in charge of theconstruction of the first atomicpile twenty years ago.A religious observance markingthe occasion is planned for Sun¬day morning at 11 am at Rocke¬feller C hapel, 59 street and Wood-lawn. At the special service, opento the public, Huston Smith, pro¬fessor of philosophy at MIT willpreach on “The New Age.”Smith received his PhD from Idaho Falls, Idaho; Wilcox P.Overbeck, E. I. du Pont de Ne¬mours & Company, SavannahRiver Plant, Augusta Georgia;Gerald S. Pawlicki, Argonne;Theodore Petry; David P. Ru¬dolph, Chicago Operation Office,United States Atomic EnergyCommission, Argonne; Leon Say-vetz, Society of Brothers, Rifton,Chicago Lihi ifficroBIm Root lVol. 71 — Na. 40 University of Chicago, Friday, Nov. 30, 1962Nubian gold site foundUC archaeologists may have many of which will be covered by tures found in the area, notably Nations will broadcast a programA. Hilberry, Mrs. Enrico Fermi,Frank Brannican, 'Safety Engineerof the Atomic Energy Commis¬sion; Daniel Q. Posin, SchwabFoundation Lecturer at the Mu¬seum of Science and Industry;and Charter Heslep, AssistantDirector, Public information Di¬vision, Atomic Energy Commis¬sion.The editors of the Bulletin ofAtomic Scientists, whose officeis on the University campus at935 East 60th Street, have de¬voted a special issue of that pub¬lication to the anniversary ob¬servance. It includes commentsfrom President Kennedy and fromnuclear scientists throughout theworld.In other celebration eventsaround the world, the Italian Ato¬mic Energy Commission, ComitatoNazionale Energia Nucleare, willhonor the late Enrico Fermi inRome. The International AtomicEnergy Agency in Vienna. Austria,has prepared a comprehensive com¬memorative issue of its Bulletinwith articles from nuclear scien¬tists, and on Sunday, the Unitedthe w-aters created by the Assw’anHigh Dam.He charged that cynics were op¬posing preservation of the templeof Ramses II and Ramses wife atAbu Simbal which w ill be coveredby the dam’s waters.He emphasized the independenceand integrity of the Nubian cul-found the center of theancient Nubian-Egyptian goldtrade at Serra, a site on theNile, said Louis Zabkar, researchassociate of the Oriental Instituteand a member of the Institute’sNubian expedition.Zabkar made the first publicannouncement of the expedition’sfindings to the UC archaeologicalsociety last night in Ida Noyeslibrary.He said that mysterious imple¬ments previously believed con¬nected with religious rights couldonly be explained as ore crushing Beadle spoke yesterday at the at the Serra site. Zabkar plansto return in January to the Sudanto continue excavation at Serra.Zabkar, also an associate pro¬fessor of ancient history at LoyolaUniversity, attended the Biblicaland Oriental Institute in Rome,and UC, from which he receiveda PhD in Egyptology in 1958.Beadle addresses instituteon mental retardationUC president George Wells then turned to abnormalitieswhich may be due to either in¬heritance or to cultural depriva- commemorating the event ottwenty years ago.In Washington, President JohnF. Kennedy will present the 1962Enrico Fermi Award to Edw^ardTeller, physicist at the Univer¬sity of California, “for contribu¬tions to chemical and nuclearphysics, for his leadership in ther¬monuclear research, and forefforts to strengthen nationalsecurity," on Monday. The annual$50,000 award, a gold medal, anda citation are awarded on therecommendation of the AtomicEnergy Commission.A resolution, introduced by Al¬derman Leon Despres, markingthe anniversary was passed lastand washing installations. At the dedication of the Joseph P. . ' su„„estine that -we mav Friday by the City Council ofheight of the erold trade thev were T ol^otArloc. . n’ susgesung mar we majheight of the gold trade they w^ere Kennedy Laboratories for Reprobably exporting about 10,000 search on Mental Retardation inounces yearly. Boston.He spoke on the various sites He discussed the role which bio-of exploration between the first logical inheritance plays in rela-and second Cataracts of the Nile, tion to mental retardation, and have greatly underestimated the Chicago. It says that “Today sAnother atomic breakthroughThe Argonne National Lab- sible and commercially feasible to have completed the breeder reoratory, operated by UC for use plutonium, a by-product of actor program with the announce- his every effort. Possibly the difli- Chicago.j i . . . . . (rixiotie* nnccihlvr . milV bimportance of the preschool yearsin the education of children fromculturally deprived homes.”Referring to the work of BrunoBettelheim, professor of education,psychology, and psychiatry, hesaid: “Bettelheim . . . has beenamazingly successful in treatingsome children (from culturally de¬prived homes) . . . others resist uses of the new nuclear source ofenergy first released at The Uni¬versity of Chicago go far beyondthe previous imagination of manand present the greatest chal¬lenge in man’s history.” In theresolution, the Council “expressesthe gratitude and pride of thecity for the tow'ering achieve¬ments of Enrico Fermi and hisassociates at The University ofthe Atomic Energy Commission, announced a break¬through which taps a vast reser¬voir of inexpensive fuel for atomicpower. For the first time, pluto¬nium has been used as a fuel.The development makes it pos-editors todiscuss campus papers nuclear fission, as a fuel for atom- ment of a pile which uses pluto-ic power reactors. Plutonium had nium as a fuel.” He added that thispreviously been used only in improves enormously the probabi-weapons. lity that nuclear reactors can be., _ , , f used for the production of com-Albert Crewe, associate profes-sor of physics and director of the wercially available power. T e>Argonne Laboratory characterized now have a relatively cheap sourcethe first successful use of pluton- of fuel,” he said,ium as a nuclear fuel as a “mile¬stone in the atomic age.”“This is the first time the man- culty is genetic; possibly . . . onlytheir physical needs w'ere met.”Turning to the problem posedby inherited mental diseases,Beadle asked: “Should such in¬dividuals have children? This isnot a question that science can Two Stravinsky worksfeatured by symphonyTw’O unusual works by IgorStravinsky will be presented byalone answer. Science can only the University of Chicago Symph-state the consequences. Only the ony Orchestra in its first concertPaIIooo Aflitarc Ia *he first successfuI use of Pluton- of fuel." ne saiu. individuals concerned, or society, of the year in Mandel Hall onUUIIfSgG CUlIyIS IU ium as a nuclear fuel as a “mile- Nuclear power experts have been can give the answer.” Saturday, December 1, at 8:30.frank in expressing their disap- He did point out, however, that Stravinsky’s arrangement of the_ . pointment at the slow pace by the “increase in incidence of such “Star Spangled Banner” was ban-A group of local college news- made element (plutonium) has which atomic energy has been de- diseases as a result of circumven- ned in Massachusetts following itsveloped for peaceful purposes, tion followed by normal repro- initial performance, due to a stateMany of them, however, prophe- duction will be very slow . . . and law concerning “tampering withsized that plutonium, if it couldbe developed as a reactor fuel,would speed the uese of nuclearpower in industry.paper editors will discuss “The been used as a fuel in a powerPlace of the Campus Newspaper producing reactor,” Crewe said,in the University” at Shorey He pointed out that this was theHouse Coffee Plus Monday night, third break-through to be achievedThree editors have definitely by UC. The first was the creation,agreed to participate. They are: on December 2, 1942, of the atom-Laura Godofsky, Editor-in-Chief ic Pi,e where the West Stands onceof the Maroon; George Hanover, stood. The 20th anniversary of thisEditor of the Teeh News, student achievement .is .being .celebratednew spaper of the Illinois Institute this Saturday. if affected persons continue toadopt children x’ather than havingthem in the normal way there willbe no such build-up.”Lewis, Harrington, debate tonight on HUAC°f Technology; and Tom DeVries,Editor of the Roosevelt Torch,student newspaper of RooseveltUniversity.Other local papers may also berepresented in the discussionwhich will begin at 9 pm. JohnT- Williams, City News Editor of•ho Maroon will seive as modera-,or for the panel. The second advance was the Fulton Lewis III, formerstaff member of the Housedemonstration in 1953 that it was Committee on Un-Americanfeasible to manufacture plotonium Activities (HUAC), andMichael Harrington, editor of thein a blanket of U-238, surroundinga core of U-235. This method iscalled breeding and hence thename, “breeding reactor.”Morel Cohen, professor of phy¬sics, said that the significance ofthis new advance “is that they Socialist Party publication “New'America” will debate the topic“Resolved: the House Committee Lewis narrated “Operation Abo¬lition,” a film produced by HUAC,on the San Francisco riots againstthe Committee.Harrington is the author of sev¬eral books, and is currently aneditorial writer for the New YorkPost.The debate is being sponsored national property.” The same com¬poser’s “Circus Polka” was writ¬ten for Barnum and Baily for aballet of ballerinas and elephants.The 78-player orchestra, which,according to its conductor, H.Colin Slim, is “much improved thisyear,” w'ill also perform the Sym¬phony No. 6 in C major by Schu¬bert. The concert, will concludewith a performance of Tchaikov¬sky’s Nutcracker Suite.Admission to the concert is free.on Un-American Activities should by Young People’s Socialist Leaguebe abolished” tonight at 8 pm in Admission is 75c for students, $1Mandel Hall. for non-students. Payments for the SGbuses must be mede byMonday at the SG officeEDITORIALSA thought for December 2“The Chicago Board of Health said the daily radiation reading Recent events show needWednesday was 32, the second highest since it began keeping records £ r mrnmnninhnnon September 11, 1961, Record here is 37.6 micro-microcuries to a -fo , „toi;cubic meter of air, set on November 16.” —Chicago Sun-Times { Tho ann0uncement in Tuesday’skw w • a O Maroon of the Amos Alon/o StaggHoover a OOViet agent. Scholarships, and the Maroon’sand Student Government s lndig-Jack Levine, an ^,\-agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation, nant reaction thereto, bring to arevealed recently that of some 8,500 members or the Communist head a series of disquieting de-Party, 1,500 were F.B.I. agents. Further, he said that F.B.I. mem- velopments. These developmentsbers were achieving high party positions, and might eventually cap- range in scope from the sit-insture complete control. of last winter to Ihe projectedCONSIDER: fully one out of seven dues-paying Communists are plans for a new fraternity quad-F.B.I. men, who receive their salaries from Congressional appropria- rangle, and they are disquietingtions. Now J. Edgar Hoover, the Poobah of internal subversion, has because they seem to reflect abeen asking for increases every year, to fight the evergrowing menace, continuing and ever wideningNow we see through this sham! This diabolical Soviet agent Mr. alienation belween a sizeableHoover (real name Ilooveranovich?) has been bilking the C.STCon- group of the students and the ad¬dress into paying thousands of dollars a year in dues to the agents of ministration. In a Universitythe Kremlin! which prides itself on being aCall out the Birchers! Start the investigations! Stop this Bol- community of scholars, and whichshevik plot to Communize America with taxpayers’ money! in the past has deserved this titleDaily Cardinal, U. of Wisconsin to a greater extent than any com-* parable institution, such aliena-Simpson's Stagg speech £,s““yserlousmat'i Alan Simpson, dean of the Col- tional principle with an older or ,*n discussing questions of thislege, has sent the Maroon the fol- moro honorable pedigree than the klr?d it is very difficult to distin-lowing text of his remarks at notion that the training of the guish image from reality. But itWednesday's Stagg scholarship m;nd should be accompanied by must ** recognized that the lm-dinner.) the cultivation of every other good age- jn this ,cas<\ ,h,e conceptionIt is a pleasure to join Mr. gift. one has °* the ,dpals- spirit andKimpton in welcoming you to I was raised in a university with practices of the University, is lt-. iii „ self an important part ot the real-the campus. This IS a notable a I>r°per sense ot the agreeable- * students as well asoccasion in the history of the ~ ^iTo, cLCrciat W a^eauracted ,□ ChicagoCollege, and I am delighted by Ihe ,s g8 cxpec,ed most of because of its -image"; and if thisopportunity to express my satis- , , image is, or seems to be, underfaction w'ith the Stagg Scholar- ^ . 8 , . p ^ 8 attack by the very administration»» tw'een lunch and tea, even if that , " , .s *1>s'. only meant strolling around the vv ,c^ s ou d lts s,IonKcst SUP‘1 suppose every college likes to meadow If it smiled at the legend P°yter» then the aforementionedthink of itself as a special kind of ^ the Battle of Waterloo had ahenatM>n is an inevitable con-place, but our claims to tha dis- ^ won on the p]aying fields of sequence.tinetion aie rich and st lk ng. Eton i(. never doubted that the The image that many Chicagomong em is oui specia e\ national fiber owed something to students have of the current aimslion to the intellectual life and our gflmes and <0 the spirit in which and attitudes of the administra-special indulgence of all its e - (hey were played it (ook a eheer- ‘ion includes the following ele-cen nci les.. fui pleasure in varsity victories, ments: Important members of theNome o is eccenruiies are and showed a decent sympathy for administration are deeply dissat-refleeted in today s Maroon. If teams whose hearts were in the isfied with the Chicago image andyou glance at the comment on the right place even though their with the student body which cur-‘ taf8 ^ ‘ holarships, you will hnd hands and ,heil. feet were not. rently exemplifies it. These in-ia * re are mai en a es And bpj onjy human, it would fluential members feel that Chi-among our students who feel that gtretch g ^ for • deserving cago. especially at the undergrad-t ieir virtue is being «itta<ked b> ^ A friend of mine at Oxford, uate level, lacks certain traits°eeasion as is. who never played anything more which 1he American public atMany of these maiden ladies strenuous than shove-halfpenny large regards as highly desirable,play games. One or two ot them, jn ]opa, pub eventual]y gradu. and has other traits which theyou uhl be surprised to hear, ac- a(e(J and asked his tutor for a same public looks down on. Pre-tually have \arsity letters. But recommeruJation He received dominant among the former traitsthey have allowed their devotion from that good man a letter which are social and athletic prestige;L an JmigG ° - peife8tlon’ and read, “Mr. So and So is not a dis- predominant among the latter aretheir revulsion from the coirup- |jngujsbed athlete but he by no an obsessive concern with “liberaltions and crudities Of college ath- 8 , . ,, rauses” and with nurolv intellpe. s means neglects his games.” causes ana witn purely intenec-letics, to unhinge their common j haveBnot the sfightest doubt tual pursuits. Because of theseSe,^le' . , , * . that this altitude toward athletics, concerns. Chicago students engageThese students are the Puritans whatever its occasional frailties, in acts of loud-voiced protest,becomes a good college. It is as demonstrations, and the like; theyI have spent a good deal of my far removed from the glorification exhibit disregard for and inexper-time as a historian studying Purit- ot- muscular morons or from the ience in social amenities, and theyanism, and I yield to no one in my prostitution of its intellectual life appear like “greasy grinds.” Alladmiration for their heroic vir- as ^ should be. And it is equally of this is extremely damaging totues. A picture of Oliver Crom- removed from that divorce of in- the University’s reputation. As awell hangs by my bedside. But I tellect from action, and from the consequence, Chicago has greathave always kepi my admiration bfe Gf ordinary humanity, which difficulty in attracting the size-Ihis side of idolatry by my re- produces prigs and bores and able numbers of worthy studentsspect for the quality which Puri- eunuchs. it needs and can handle, especiallytans regarded least — a sense of The scholar-athlete — we are at the undergraduate level; hencehumor and proportion. Hanging not talking about unscholarly ath- the University’s financial positionnext to Oliver1, I have a picture |0fes deserves as much honor likewise suffers. What is required,of Charles II. as fbp scholar-Journalist, the schol- therefore, is a drastic series ofI cannot think of any educa- ar-debater, or the scholar-music- steps which will halt and reverse— Ian. *he conditions making for this im-r His artistry, though perishable, age: the fraternity system mustChicago Maroon can be wonderfully elegant, and be greatly strengthened, studentsr... . .. . . , „ , , , his toughness is a healthy counter- must be required to dress likeBusiness Manager Kenneth c. Heyi poise to the maggoty-mindness of ladies and gentlemen at dinnerAdvertising Mgr. .. Lawrence D. kapian intellectual monks. time, residence hall requirements*W* <t#r* R<d>?nrKaufman Amos Alonzo Stagg is a great must be tightened, athletic schol-City News Editor . . John t. Williams nanie — a great character — in arships must be established, and,CuiiurCe'-tFeatZ7eS Ed'tor. Rona^o^enbTau the history of this University. If ideally at least, intercollegiateRewrite editor Sharon Goldman Nve are tbe richer for having with- football (preferably big-time)Photo*'coordinator' .^.^^Bob'*iCa^s drawn from big-time football, we must be reinstituted.Sports Editor Rich Epstein would certainly be the poorer if Now' in presenting the above in-Ntg e Editors Mikejsdv^rman we a]jowed our vision of the good gredients of the students’ image ofMaryann Taranowski ]jfe ol' 0Ur impact on society to the administration’s image of theo/f,acteUnMaEnager ^ArUta Manuel contract to the point where It left Chicago image. I have not intend-Biiiing Secretary .... Mary Gottschaik no room lor the v'alues he es- ed to imply either that the ad-w£S teemed. ministration’s imase is totallyEditor Emeritus Jay Greenberg The Stagg Scholarships are an false or that the remedial stepsstaff: Avima Ruder, Joe Kelly, Fran admirable symbol of the breadth it w’ants to take are all unworthy.»t -UT sympathies. If the admir- I must say, however, lhat I thinkSue Goldberg, Murray Schacher, ers of literary or musical or theat- the Chicago student body, includ-Heag^cTrTf Engilnd^r^Lucy’ RmiT rical Kpnili» — to name only a ing the undergraduates, do not re-Ross Ardrey, Bob Levey, Steve Ford, few extracurricular talents — ceive 1 rom the administrationroy^pm1 rthT^rosbUtt’"joe'"’k' Mike would like to endow a similar anywhere nearly enough rccogni-Rind, Eleanor Perimutter, Burt Ruben- scholarship, they would receive tion for their moral concern asFai?’M^..neU^tv;yoSr,a,L.^ertKondBor! the same warm hospitality! well as their intellectual eager-Sandy Roos, Alan Rubin, Gail Ruben, Meanwrhile let me invite you to t^css. It would be heartening toPete^Ge^man^Mary"^CJottsciTai'k,*Howard nominate any qualified and inter- I1631, some member of the admin-Rosen, Steve Becker, Arthur Kaufman, estod candidate. If he is dead be- istration boasting about the ex-hVim^Eric11 zluss,JlCaB3 eEHckson,St:Bni tween the ears, he is not eligible, ceptional social-moral vitality andRoutt, Joau Levenson. But if his grade average will be dedication of our student body, orThf Maroon is a charter member ot no worse than the average of the Proud references to this inthe United Staten student Press Arso- students on the Maroon or in stu- ^hc Univ’crsity's literature for pro-ciation. and gubscribes to it« news ‘ , , , , pnretlrrservice, the Collegiate Press Service dent government, and It he prom- hiuuems.t0ColVege Washington Press Service ^ to show as much excellence What has to be stressed now,Editors Ken Pierce jr» his skill as they dq in theirs, however, is this. If the above isManaging Editor Mlkfefrhya,slliaitb he wil1 ^ a serious candidate. the image which a sizeable num-Letters to the editorher of our influential undergrad¬uates have of the attitudes to¬ward them of high administrationpersonnel and of the resulting pol¬icies, and if this image correctlyrepresents these attitudes andpolicies — and I think both these“ifs” are in good measure true —then we have a very serious situa¬tion. While total harmony amongas dynamic a group of persons asthose at Chicago is undoubtedlyboth unattainable and undesirable,to have so drastic a cleavage withregard to the most vital aims andideals of the University is an in¬dication of deep mutual distrustand verges on institutional schiz¬ophrenia.What should he done aboutthis?It is important, in the firstplace, to distinguish three differ¬ent kinds of questions.First, there is the legal ques¬tion of who has the authority toset policy for the University.Second, there are factual ques¬tions: What, if any, is the imageof Chicago held among potentialChicago undergraduates, their par¬ents, teachers, and advisers? Whathave been and are the consequen¬ces of this image for the Univer¬sity's undergraduate enrollmentfigures? What can be done with¬in the context of the image to in¬crease the College’s enrollment ofwell-qualified students?Third, there are at least twodistinct-moral questions. The firstis, What kind of image oughtChicago to present — or, (what isin part at least the same ques¬tion), what kinds of studentsought Chicago to try to attractand what kinds ot institutionalpolicies ought Chicago to have onthe mat teres covered in the “im¬age” described above? The sec¬ond moral question is this: Whatplace or procedure ought to beprovided for the exchange of viewsbetween students and Universityauthorities on the questions in¬volved in this whole matter ofimages, aims, and values?It is this latter, procedural,moral question that I think is thecrucial one, at least for the pres¬ent. It has often been amphasizedthat there can be no genuine com¬munity without communication.In a community as alert to under¬lying issues as this one is, excep¬tionally strenuous efforts ought tobe made 1o provide for communi¬cation, on both the factual andthe moral issues, among those con¬cerned. Such communication isnot only required to avoid theschizophrenia, bitterness, and dis¬trust mentioned above, but it isobligatory of itself; the Univer¬sity owes it to its students totreat them like the intelligentmembers of its own community towhich its aims commit it.There already exist, of course,many channels of communicationbetween students and administra¬tion. Yet for the questions of basicaim and principle on which thealienation referred to above is fo¬cussed, there seems to be no suffi¬ciently explicit and definite pro¬vision for communication. It isnot enough to receive ex post fac¬to defenses of particular acts ofthe University; it is also neces¬sary, and much more important,that the guiding policies themsel¬ves be brought into the open andsubjected to mutual discussion. Ishould like, then, to make thefollowing suggestion as to such ameans of communication.Just as the College under DeanSimpson inaugurated an engros¬sing series of programs entitled“Your Life and Mine,” so it oughtto inaugurate another series called“Your University and Mine,” or(if this smacks too much of mu¬tual exclusiveness) “UniversityIdeals and Policies.” At thesemeetings, one or more members ofthe Administration and interestedstudents should discuss issues ofmutual concern like those listedabove. It would bo particularlyimportant that the relevant fac¬tual mtaerials, which may beguiding University policy on theseissues, be made available. Toooften the assumption is expressedlhat if the students only knew allthe relevant facts they would nothold the views they do.. The ad¬ministration owes it to its stu¬ dents to make known these factson which it bases its policies.I.ast winter, when the issue ofUniversity discrimination in hous¬ing erupted, I, in common withother faculty members, assuredfriends outside the University thatthe charges of discriminationcouldn't be true. It turned out,however, lhat our complete con¬fidence in the University on thismatter was misplaced. Subsequentreports indicated defensible con¬jectural bases for some of tltoUniversity’s policies. Bui a great(leal of confusion, misunderstand¬ing, and hostility toward the ad¬ministration could have beenavoided if these bases and otherrelevant considerations had beenmade public in advance. ‘ *itar point now applies 1o theWoodlawn problem: Has the Uni¬versity a policy about its immed¬iate neighbor to the south, and ifso, what Is if?)In the absence of communica¬tion, as the present situationshows, the worst motives will lieimputed to the administration. Ibelieve such imputation is unjusti¬fied: but the administration owesit to its students to communicatewith them in a regular and ex¬plicit way about the matters ofUniversity aims and policies whichso vitally concern them.Allan GewirthProfessor of PhilosophyGive Staggs to NegroesTO THE EDITOR:I would like to see the proposedStagg scholarships go to two localNegro athletes possessing thequalities suggested by the Univer¬sity finance committee. Will youinvite comment on this proposalon your editorial page? Would theStudent Government favor such aproposal?DANIEL R. NORVELLSave Hyde ParkTO THE EDITOR:The recent furor over athleticscholarships must not hide the in¬accurate Maroon editorial onwomen’s hours. The purpose olwomen's hours is primarily one ofprotection of the neighborhoodrather than protection of womenfrom the neighborhood.Women need not fear would-berapists in Hyde Park. Only a rap¬ist who is completely blind, stonedeaf and jiossesses an ineffectualsense of smell would attack awoman from our fair University.Indeed, the crime reports for HydePark show that women attackedin Hyde Park are from outsidethe area. The only source of fearlhat could be found lies with thetwo }K>lice dogs. After all, dogsstick with “dogs.”When people see UC womenroaming around the -neighborhoodthey wonder about the type ofuniversity that this institutionreally is. The first step in urbanrenewal is to keep our women offfhe streets; to keep the dogs iniheir kennel. Therefore, women'shours are essential to the progressin renewing this neighborhood.The ending of women’s hourswould be the declaration of germwarfare on Hyde Park. Man’shumanity to man should stop thisfrom occurring.JAMES ROSENHOLTZImmortalize Elvis’ Skills *TO THE EDITOR:Up to now, our university hasadmirably adhered toward thepolicy of placing values strictlyujion the intellectual pursuits ofits student body. Many of ushave come here believing thattwist parties and basketball weretolerated as sidelines, needed tomanifest the overt societal impul¬ses of youth. If this rational isfalse, I suggest to Mr. E. Presleya noble opportunity to immortalizehis name. Donate towards thecreation of a fund to provide fulltuition to two of the nation’s lop^i“scholar-hipswingers and/or haif-growers,” to match our “scholar-athletes ...”Before undertaking a change ihthe image of UC, the administra¬tion should seek the opinion omuconsent of its student body.ROBERTO LEHRKatz discusses Jews in Germany▼ • 1. :~m±_• _i tt »‘Jewish society existed Katz, now visiting at Harvard,within the framework of Ger- was formerly head of the socialman society but was largely science department at Hebrewindependent in the early part University. He has recently pub-of the nineteenth century,” stated lished two books, Tradition andJacob Katz, professor of historyat Hebrew University in Jerusa¬lem, in a lecture yesterday after¬noon.Speaking on “Strategies of As¬similation: the German-JewishUtopia.” Professor Katz explainedMoses Mendelssohn’s forecast ofa radical change in the acceptanceof Jews into the mainstream ofGerman life.Mendelssohn evolved a Utopiaphilosophy, intellectually based onnew expectation. Previously, Jewsand non-Jews had had little or nocontact, hut Mendelssohn felt thatas Jewish society in a unifiedsense disintegrated, Its placewould he taken by identificationwith strictly German values.The formation of student socialgroups in the period after theNapoleonic wars led to questionsas to whether Jews were or werenot to be accepted into member¬ship. Most of these groups rejectedJews, but there was a certainamount of “integration.”The Freemasons, founded aboutthe same time, also accepted Jewson a limited basis.Jews made efforts to chooseoccupations besides merchants andtraders, and there was a fairlyhigh incidence of intermarriageand conversion.Contrary to today’s situation,most of the Jews marrying Gen¬tiles were women. At present,Jewish men are more inclined to Crisis, discussing Jewish communi¬ties in the Middle Ages, andExclusiveness and Tolerance,which discusses Jewish-Gentile re¬lationships. The Hillel Fireside program,which begins at 8:30 is open toall members of the Universitycommunity, and is without charge.It follows the Friday evening ser¬vice, which begins at 7:45.Rubin speaks hereSpeaks again tonightJacob Katz will speakagain at the Hillel Founda-tiion’s Fireside series tonight,on “Exclusiveness and Tolerance:An Historical Perspective on Jew¬ish-Gentile Relations.”| Hank’s Restaurantand Bar-B-Cue'the best bar-b-cue on earthirFeatures: Complete Dinners from $1.25Businessmen's Lunches from 95cSpecialty: Hickory Smoked Bar-b-cuedRibs and ChickenWe have a private dining room for businessmeetings, clubs, and private affairsOpen 7 a.m. to 1 a.m.intermarriage.The Utopia was Impossible.Katz concluded, because it wenttoo far sociologically. The philos¬ophy assumed that what is pos¬sible for a small group of intellec¬tuals would be possible for a cul¬ture as a whole.There was “emancipation.” headded, but on a marginal basisonly. Those who envisioned theUtopia did not realize what itslimits were.To divide religion and socializa¬tion so radically that they can nolonger be said to affect each otheris a dream never to be fulfilled. 7101 STONY ISLAND AVENUE643-1131t*ooo. PIZZASFor The Price OfDaniel Rubin, editor of the pub¬lication Communist Viewpoint,will speak Monday night on “TheRoad to Socialism in America.”Rubin will speak at 8 pm in IdaNoyes hall.Communist Viewpoint is a pub¬lication designed to give "opin¬ions and analysis by Communistsof the major social issues.” NICKY’S1235 E. 55th NO 7-9063. MU 4-47E0 \a guaranteed giftSure to please or we will exchange it foranother from our stock.Hie UNIVERSITY of CHICAGO BOOKSTORE5802 ELLIS AYE.dark theatredark Cr modisonfr 2-2845atalllima*for college student*if open 7.30 am.late show 3 a.m.if different double feature dally* Sunday Film Guild■it write in for free program guide■dr little gal-lery for gals onlyit every friday is ladies dayall gal6 admitted for only 25cif Clark parkin* - 1 door south4 hours 95c after 5 p.m.WEEKEND PROGRAM| fri. • 30th - "young doctors’*■at. - 1st . and "parriah”"i thank a fool**i sun. - 2nd - and "pressurepoint”“dark at the top1 of the stairs” and"compulsion”HARPERLIQUOR STORE1514 E. 53rd StreetFull line of imported and domesticwines, liquors and beer at lowestprices.FREE DELIVERYPHONE- — 1233FA A—1318■ ^ ^—7699 Start with a carton and you’ll end up knowing why Winston is America’snumber one filter cigarette...first in sales because it’s first in flavor.The next time you buy cigarettes, buy pleasure by the carton...Winston!pure white, :MODERN FILTER !plus i FILTER - BLEND UP FRONTJoseph H. AaronConnecticut MutualLife InsuranceProtection135 S. LaSalle St.Ml 3-5986 RA 6-1060rnmmmmThree economists forecast business trends for 1963Business prospects for 1963were discussed by severalwell known economists at theannual “business forecast”mooting of the executive club ofthe school of business, yesterday.“1963 is expected to be a pros¬perous year with advances in con¬sumer income and gross nationalproduct. The economy will operateat less than full capacity in 1963, but this is expected to improve insubsequent years, said IrvingSohweiger, professor of marketingof the graduate school of business.Walter Faekler, associate pro¬fessor of business economics andassociate dean of the school ofbusiness, expected 1963 to be ayear of decision, not a year ofsignificant expansion.”Beryl Sprinkel, vice presidentand economist, Harris Trust andFOUR PERFORMANCES ONLYFRIDAY, NOV. 30, SATURDAY, DEC. 1, SUNDAY, DEC. 2iM brings backAmerica’s Greatest HumoristV5i*> U v.’“Uproariously- Funny”/^ —Time Magazine Savings Bank, stated: “Unless theprivate sector of the economy re¬ceives a much needed stimulus inthe next few months, it is unlike¬ly that enough forward impetusexists to move the economy up¬ward through next year.”George Schultz, dean of theschool of business, acted asmoderator.The value and role of a tax cutwas one of the most controversialelements between the three econ¬omists. Sprinkel said: “A sizabletax cut accomplished by con¬tinued monetary expansion wouldbrighten the busines prospects forthe remainder of 1963.”According to Sprinkel, businesswill prosper in 1963 only if ‘‘apermanent and sizable tax cut isaccomplished in the first half ofthe year, and monetary policy be¬comes expansive and causes asizable increase in the moneysupply.”Faekler, on the other hand, didnot believe that a tax cut wouldhelp the economy in the long run.‘‘Because of the balance of pay¬ments constraint, both real andimagined, on monel ary policy,there has developed a new tenetof economic faith in Washington. . . that a tax cut can substitutefor monetary expansion, and thata budget deficit financed in theopen market . . . will provide a stimulus necessary to carry theeconomy upward and upward,” hesaid.But Schweiger says that thetax cut will help the economy.Citing reasons for his predictionsthat the economy will show “con¬siderable vitality and growth in3963,” he said: “I believe that taxchanges made earlier this yearand anticipated further changeswhich are likely to take place in3963 and subsequent years willto an acceleration ofof growth of thecontributethe rateeconomy.”Further,revamping he says that “a majorof our tax structureappears not only desirable butnecessary to loosen the tight cor¬set which has been hindering thefree movement and has cheekedthe growth of the economy.”Faekler believes that the maincause for the slow Americangrowth rate is due to our pre¬occupation with the balance ofpayments. He said: “We havesacrificed the domestic interestsof the country on an altar of goldand allowed a deficit in our inter¬national balance of payments tooverride all other policy consider¬ations.”Nor did he think that the Ken¬nedy administration would changethis policy. ‘‘From my reading ofthe Washington temper it seemsON STAGEAT THECINESTAGE180 N. DEARBORN Friday, Nov. at 8:30 p.m.Saturday Dec. 1 at 2 and 8:30Sunday, Dec. 2 at 3 p.m.Eves. $4.50, $3.50; Matinees $3.80Special Student Discount: $4.50 Tickets for $3.50Use This Ad and I.D. Card: $3.80 Tickets for $2.80 DR. A. ZIMBLER, OptometristIN THENEW HYDE PARK SHOPPING CENTER1510 E. 55th St. DO 3-7644EYE EXAMINATIONSPRESCRIPTIONS FILLED CONTACT LENSESNEWEST STYLING IN FRAMESSTUDENT DISCOUNTHungryfor flavor?;\7tnrytonTareylorCsgot it!"Tareyton’s Dual Filter in duas partes divisa est!”Bays Titus (The Chisel) Aurelius, Ars ’63 B.C. ‘“O tempera! O mores!’, I used to wail,” says The Chisel,“where today can you get a filter cigarette with some flavor? Then I discovered Tareyton-the magnum opus incigarettes. Put a pack in your toga and enjoy de gustibusyou never thought you'd get from any filter cigarette.”Dual Filter makes the differenceDUAL FILTERCrodutt of Jtdam-FvmfMep — Jo&ieto u mr middle name C . r. c,.Tareytonveto is our Middle name O a t likely that we will continue to de¬press the economy and keep un.employment high in an attempi ,0protect our gold stocks by ]\\.advised methods,” he said.Sprinkel thought that “a majorobjective of the 1960s should bethe molding of an internationalmonetary system capable ofachieving and maintaining bal¬ance of payments equilibriumwithout at the same time forcinginternal inflation and deflation.”With regard to corporate spend¬ing, Schweiger predieted that“spending for plant, equipmentand inventory should also he re¬sponsive to the powerful combina¬tion of lower corporate incometax raes, the expansion of rate ofpurchases by household consumersand governments and Improveddepreciation schedules for businessinvestment.”Faekler did not believe thatcapital spending will increase nextyear. ‘‘If my fears of a downturnare well founded, capital spendingon plant and equipment will belower next year. In any evenl,it seems clear that it will fallshort of the amount needed togive the economy a real push,” hesaid.Some economists think that de¬fense spending in the wake ofCuba, the revision of the deprecia¬tion schedule by the treasury, andthe tax cut will be of much valueto the economy. However, Faeklersaid: ‘‘But in my opinion, theywill not be strong enough or comerapidly enough to creale a strongupward movement in the econ¬omy.”Faekler added that, “We have a‘squatting’ economy with its r\csfixed pathetically on the inter¬national balance of paymentsdeficit. Until wc can break thisspell, we are not likely to go any¬where very fast.”Bad students pay attuition free N.Y. collegeNEW YORK—Students at tui¬tion free Queens College will soonstart paying for a non-credit,remedial writing course if theyfail to demonstrate a satisfactoryability to write the Englishlanguage.$37.50 will be charged for thecourse, which will be mandatoryfor all students who fail to meetschool standards.TIKI TOPICSALOHA NUI (Hearty Greetings)fromC1RALS, HOUSE OF TIKI,1510 Hyde Park Bl\d.Wahines (ladies) and Kane(gentlemen) treat yourself lo anafternoon luncheon in aHawaiian atmosphere.Your choice ofFried Chicken, French FriedShrimp, Filet of Side, BeefFlatter or Ham u ilhFruit Sauce atthe Luncheon price of $1.45.There is also a selection ofsandwaiches available. En joyyour favorite cocktail before orafter your lunch.Okole Muluna (Bottoms Up)C1RALS, HOUSE OF TIKI1510 Hyde Park Blvd.Kitchen open from11:00 A.M. to 3:00 A M.but closed on Wed.One of Hyde Park’* FinestARISTOCRATSHOE REPAIRSPECIALIZING IN:Heels ChangedHeels RepairedToes Cut OutVamps LoweredOrthopedic WorkZipper RepairsProfessional Dyeingand Refinishing ofShoes and HandbagsColors MatchedFAirfax 4-96221749 E. 55th St.MAROON • Nov. 30, 1962Not with a bangTwenty years of atomic progress traced(Editor's note: Twenty years agovert Sunday the atomic age wasushered in at the West Standsot Stagg Field. Since the world'sfirst nuclear reactor (,went criti¬cal." the number of nuclear reac¬tors have grown to several hun¬dred in more than fifty nations.Atomic Energy Co'tnmission Chair¬man Glenn T. Seaborg affirmsthat more scientific progress hasbeen made in the past two decadesthan m all previous history ofscience. This article is an attemptto summarize in capsule formsome of the ex'ents and accomp¬lishments which hare followedupon Dr. Enrico Fermi's atomicpile.)Few outside the racquetscourt knew what had hap- By January, 1945, early operat¬ing troubles with the plutoniumreactors had been solved. Thecomplex chemical separation ofplutonium from other products ofthe fission process and from theunburned uranium was successful.Plutonium was being produced onan industrial basis. Six monthslater, plutonium made at Han¬ford was the material used in.the simicd. The other, a helium-cooledhigh temperature power reactor,did not get beyond the designstage.Radioisotopes were made avail¬able for use outside of the MEDproject. The first shipment —carbon 14 produced in the X-10reactor — left Oak Ridge on Aug.2, 1946, for a cancer hospital inSt. Louis, Missouri.pened or its significance. Itwas assumed that Hitlerunderstood the potential of a nu¬clear fission bomb and was press¬ing its development. Censorshipimposed in the United States bythe scientists themselves in 1939became a major operation to pro¬tect the most'important militarysecret of World War II.Confident of success, Fermi andhis colleagues were designing re¬actors to make plutonium even be¬fore their first “pile*' went criti¬cal. Problems of a moderator toslow down the neutrons so theywould split U-238 atoms and of acoolant to control the tremendousheat of nuclear reaction weretackled. On December 23, 1942,President Franklin D. Rooseveltapproved plans to seale up a lab¬oratory operation to a vast in¬dustrial complex in an incrediblyshort time.It was too hazardous to con¬tinue work in the improvised lab¬oratory at the University of Chi¬cago. The historic first reactorwas dismantled, modified, and byMarch 1943 had been rebuilt inthe Argonne Forest Preserve, nearthe present Argonne NationalLaboratory. Later, a second re¬actor using heavy water as a cool¬ant and moderator was built atthis location.By February 1943, design wasunderway for a semi-works com¬prising an air-cooled reactor anda chemical separation plant to bebuilt at Oak Ridge, Term., thefirst of the large MED bomb pro¬ject installations. This reactorwent critical at dawn on Novem¬ber 4, 1943, with Fermi andothers from the Chicago grouppresent. Known at “X-10,” it wasto become famous as the world’sfirst “wholesale” producer ofradioisotopes. It still is an im¬portant source of radioisotopesupply.Continuing difficulties in separ¬ating U-2S5 and the time requiredto build X-10 led to an historicdecision in April 1943. Withoutwaiting for results of the pilotoperation at Oak Ridge, it was de¬ The Manhattan Projecttwenty years laterworld’s first atomic bomb deton¬ated July 16, 1945 in the desertat Alamogordo. New Mexico.By this time, sufficient uranium235 had been made at Oak Ridgeto make a bomb and the deviceexploded over Hiroshima on Aug¬ust 6, 1945 used this material.The bomb dropped three dayslater on Nagasaki was a pluton¬ium device. The war ended Augusl14.Before it turned over its workto the civilian Atomic EnergyCommission at; the end of 1946,the MED completed the other twoplutonium producing reactors atHanford and constructed twosmall reactors for experimentingwith fast neutrons at Los Alamos,New Mexico, the last of threelarge centers built tor the war¬time project. Both Los Alamosreactors were “firsts.” One usedplutonium as fuel and the otherenriched uranium.In November 1944, a committeeon which Fermi served recom¬mended that attention be focusedon designing reactors to produceelectric power and that the UnitedStates keep its lead in nuclearresearch. The committee stressedthat a world-wide organizationwould be needed to control the useof this new source of energy.On October 8, 1945, PresidentTruman outlined a national pro¬gram which contemplated militarycontrol. In 1946, after an historicdebate. Congress passed theAtomic Energy Act of 1946 whichgave control to a civilian commis¬sion. The law became effectiveon August 1.It established a governmentmonopoly in the nuclear field andset up a special Congressionalcommittee, the Joint Committeeon Atomic Energy (JCAEl, tooversee AEC operations. The lateWest stands of Stagg Field, site of first self-sustainednuclear chain reaction.cided to scale up the laboratoryproduction of plutonium one bil¬lion times In the form of threehuge water-cooled reactors andthree chemical separation plantsto he built in the 400,000-acredesert area being acquired atHanford, Washington.Site work on the first Hanfordreactor began late in August, 1943.Thirteen months later, “B Pile”was in operation. Fermi had in-ported the first uranium fuel slugon Sept, 13, 1944. Senator Brien McMahon of Con¬necticut, who had championedcivilian control, became the firstJCAE chairman.Meanwhile, despite the exodusof scientists back to their univer¬sities and laboratories, importantevents w’ere taking place. TheMED decided to sponsor two re¬actor projects in Fiscal Year 1947.One was a fast neutron reactormental “breeder” (EBR-I), i.e.,*areactor designed to produce morefissionable material than it eon- The Oak Ridge Institute ofNuclear Studies (ORINSt wras or¬ganized at Oak Ridge to stimulatenuclear research and training insouthern universities. ORINS sub¬mitted its first contract to theArmy on October 31, 1946.At midnight on Dec. 31, 1946,the newly created civilian USAtomic Energy Commission as¬sumed responsibility for the na¬tional nuclear energy program andbegan the takeover of the hugecomplex of plants and laborator¬ies in which more than $2 billionhad been invested.There wrere eight reactors inoperation, three for plutoniumproduction at Hanford, four re¬search reactors — two each at LosAlamos and Argonne Foi'est —and the radioisotope producer, X-10. at Oak Ridge.The first years of AEC manage¬ment were devoted primarily torehabilitation and improvement ofthe hastily built wartime facilities.Manufacture of fissionable mater¬ial and development of weaponswere put on a permanent basis.Serious trouble with the Hanfordplutonium reactors, due to expan¬sion of the graphite blocks usedas the moderator, wras overcomeand plutonium production w-as in¬creased.The foundations for steady ad¬vances in reactor technology werelaid. The experimental breederreactor was authorized, the shippropulsion project (submarine)expanded, need for a materialtesting reactor w'as studied, anda large desert area in Idaho w'asselected for the National ReactorTesting Station (NRTS).In the 1950-1953 period, follow¬ing US detection of a Soviet nu¬clear test in 1949, the entire pro¬gram gained momentum. The Con¬gress authorized more than $3billion for new' installations andfacilities. Reactor developmentwas an important part ol this ex¬pansion.In December 1951, the world’sfirst useful nuclear electricity wasproduced at NRTS when a smallgenerator hooked up with thenewly completed breeder reactorlighted four 200-watt bulbs andsupplied power for shop machines.The powerful Materials TestingReactor started operating inIdaho in 1952.The “submarine in the desert”became a reality as the land-based prototype thermal reactorfor the first nuclear-powered ship,the USS Nautilus, was completedin Idaho. Several experimentalreactor projects were authorized,including development of thesodium cooled graphite moderatedreactor. The Oak Ridge Schoolof Reactor Technology was estab¬lished in 1950.The importance of reactors inradioisotope production was shownin the increase in quantity andvariety available. By 1948. theX-10 reactor at Oak Ridge couldmake substantial quantities ofcarbon-14 in a few weeks—many,many times more than previouslyavailable. The cost was about$10,000 per inillicurie. It was cal¬culated then that it w'ould re¬ quire hundreds of cyclotrons toturn out a similar amount of car¬bon-14 and the cost would runinto millions of dollars.A surge of industrial and popu¬lar interest in nuclear power re¬sulted in inauguration in 1951 ofthe Commission’s industrial par¬ticipation program. Utility com¬panies in large numbers teamedup with reactor and componentmanufacturers in study groupsthat eventually totalled 25, with81 companies participating. Some$8 million in private funds wasspent on these studies. First re¬ports of these teams w'ere termed“cautiously optimistic.”In 1953, the AEC decided tobuild at Shippingpnrt, Pennsyl¬vania, a huge laboratory to ad¬vance nuclear power technology inthe form of a 60 mwe (megawattselectrical) pressurized water re¬actor plant. This was the world’sfirst large plant designed exclus¬ively to produce power. It wentinto operation in 1957. Foursmaller projects were authorizedin 1954 to explore economic feas¬ibility ot other systems. Thesefive reactors constituted the AEC’sFive-Year-Plan.An August 17, 1954, the AtomicEnergy Act of 1954 became law.It made possible a three-fold de¬velopment in the U.S. civilian pro¬ the potential for large reductionsin the weight of the propellant re¬quired to perform any space mis¬sion. The percentage reductionsbecome larger and larger as wre goto more and more distant spacemissions. We believe that the nu¬clear rocket will provide abilityto perform missions not feasiblewith chemical combustion rock¬ets.”The Atoms-for-Peace programfor international cooperation inthe nuclear field, made possibleby the 1954 law and, expandedunder subsequent amendments,has become part of US foreignpolicy and assistance.It was launched by PresidentEisenhower at the United Nationson December 8, 1953, in the hopethat diversion of special nuclearmaterials from weapons stockpilesto civilian uses would be the re¬sult. An international organiza¬tion was proposed that w'ouldserve as a “world bank” for fis¬sionable materials which could bedrawn upon for peaceful uses.As of June 30, 1962, more than75,000 pounds of enriched fuelcontaining 3,333 pounds of U-235has been supplied by the US to 30countries. Also, 430 tons of heavywater has been furnished andmany shipments made of gramThis placque commemorating the first nuclear chainreaction, was removed from the West Stands of StaggField on August 15, 157, prior to demolition of the stands,where it had been installed in 1952, on the tenth anniver¬sary of the birth of the atomic age. It is now on thecleared site of the stands.gram: (1) international coopera¬tion to extend peaceful uses ofnuclear energy; (2) wider andmore independent industrial par¬ticipation in the program, especial¬ly in nuclear power development;and (3) greater Commission effortto make technical knowledgeavailable so as to broaden thebase for nuclear education andtraining.Steady progress in nuclear re¬actor technology made it possiblefor the Commission to announce in1958 as one of the major objec¬tives of its reactor power pro¬gram. the achievement of com¬petitive nuclear power in high costareas of the United States by theend of 1968.The world’s first use of nuclearpower in space came on June 29,1961. An “atomic battery” weigh¬ing five pounds provided power fortwo of the four transmitters inthe Navy’s navigational satelliteTRANSIT IV-A, put into orbit onthat date. A second navigationalsatellite, TRANSIT IY-B, waslaunched on November 15, 1961.Both transmitted signals back toearth successfully and the nuclearpower came from thermo-electricgenerators fueled with plutonium238.There are two major Commis¬sion programs in the space field,conducted in cooperation with theNational Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA) and theDepartment of Defense. One,Systems for Nuclear AuxiliaryPower, has as its goal the develop¬ment of both isotopic and reactorpowered units.The other, the ROVER Pro¬gram, seeks to develop nuclearreactors for rocket propulsion.Chairman Seaborg has summedup the possibilities of rocket .pro¬pulsion as follows;“Nuclear propulsion provides quantities of plutonium, U-233 andrare isotopes for research pur¬poses.To stimulate nuclear researchand training, the United Stateshas made granls to 26 countriestotaling $5,950,000 toward the costof newr research reactors.About 20 of these units arc inoperation. Also, 88 ecomprehen-sive technical libraries which arekept updated have been donatedto many countries and internation¬al organizations.When the Atoms-for-Peace pro¬gram W’as launched, only 19 count¬ries had government organizationsset up to foster the civilian usesof nuclear energy. Today thereare atomic energy commissions inone form or another in more than60 nations.Capstone of the Atoms-for-Peace Program is the Internation¬al Atomic Energy Agency, withheadquarters in- Vienna, Austria.The IAEA was five years old onJuly 29. 1962, and today 78 count¬ries are members.in these five years, the Agencyhas given fellowship assistance tonearly 1800 students. An addition¬al 1500 trainees have attendedradioisotope techniques coursescarried out with the Agency’s twomobile laboratories (donated bythe United States), Approxi¬mately 5,000 persons, principallynuclear scientists and engineers,have attended some 50 IAEA-sponsored scientific conferences,symposia and seminars. Assis¬tance missions have been sent to34 countries, mostly to the lesserdeveloped nations.Supplement StaffEditor .... Ronnie RosenblattStaff Paula FezzyEugene McDowe;?Nov. 30. 1962 • CHICAGO MAROON • SI-if|. *j-li ‘pi Nuclear power—a force for peace and progressby Paula FozzyThe nuclear reactor devel¬oped at Chicago, CP-1, wasimportant for two reasons.During the war, immediateinterest was in using it to trans¬mute uranium-238 into plutonium-239. (These numbers are atomicweights—the number of neutronsregardless of charge.) .Later thepile w as developed as a source ofelectric power.Pre-war work had indicatedthat a bomb could be constructedof U-235, an isotope of uraniumwhich occurs in a ratio of 1 atomto 140 atoms of U-238, which isnot fissionable. When a neutron,a nuclear particle with an atomicweight of 1 and no charge, movesslowly and comes close enough tothe nucleus of a U-235 atom, itis captured.Lise Meitner had discovered in1939 that when this happens, theU-235 splits into two much small¬er atoms, releasing an amount ofenergy 100 million times greaterthan when an atom of hydrogenburns in oxygen I Enrico Fermi (second from right) ond Lowrence A. IKimpton dedicate placque of nuclear achievement in 1952. IThe solution to the first pro- More difficult to describe areblem proved to he related to the the peaceful uses of nuclear reac-solution of the second. If enough tors. All of them make use of theMoreover there IT-235 atoms were close together fact that during the fission pro- In the United States, there areonly a few commercial power re¬actors. The Dresden reactor, afew miles west of Argonne; thereactors at Shippingport, Pennsyl¬vania, and Rowe, Massachusetts,are Ihree of them which areeconomically sound because of lo¬cal fuel costs. Many experimentalreactors are under development bythe AEC and industry.2<jace and the SeasLarge nuclear power reactorshave one possible use in whichmany people are interested: spacepropulsion. For manned trips tothe nearest planets, chemical pro¬pellants will not be very useful.Nuclear propulsion (or some otheradvanced form) will be needed.But this use lies several years inthe future. It is probably safeto estimate ( though developmentsfive years ago may make one un¬easy about Soviet progress) thatthere will be no nuclear-propelledspacecraft for at least 10 years.Right now, the power of theatom is being used in a smallerway at some of today's frontiers:are some neutrons from the U-235 and the neutrons slowed sufficient- cess, much energy is produced, asnucleus which do not go into jv the chain reaction took care neutrons are emitted and atomsThese couldT strik/olhe^uranhmi - «"“* «*• «*»»• An of then, ,a„e advanceatoms, and the process would con- which would slow the of some method to convert thistinue (in a chain reaction) as long neutrons but not capture them energy to heat. In a common pow- smaller amount than is liberatedas there were atoms to be split, jn nuclei of the atoms composing er reactor, liquid sodium is pum- by fission). The heat from decay Most of the ‘Tracer” uses ofradioactive atoms are well known.Less publicized is the possibilityof “process radiation.” Fair-sizeddoses of radiation produce manychanges in substances. Most ,,fthese changes are harmful to Hy¬ing organisms, as experience withthe bombs has shown. Even thisharmful capacity can be turnedto good account.Small doses of radiation willkeep seeds and potatoes fromsprouting, so that they may beheld over for several seasons andplanted as needed. Larger doseskill nematodes, helminths. Inchi¬na. and other parasites that makesome foods unfit for consumption.At slightly higher doses, perish¬able foods such as fruits, somevegetables, and fish can he pas¬teurized raw, so that their shelfand refrigerator lives are morethan doubled. There are no un¬acceptable changes in mosl radia¬tion-pasteurized foods.Such is not the case for foodssterilized by higher doses of radia¬tion. Massive doses kill most ofthe deeay-ca using micro-orgnn-Antarctica, space, the deep sea. is™ }" foods’ which can then beNot long ago small generators stnred for months 1,1using heat from radioactive decay room-temperature areas withoutwere developed. Called isotopic Unfortunately though thegenerators, they nsc the energy food rtSO Sterd,Zed ,S ^ible colorliberated when nuclear particles a"d flavor C£anKe? mak(L ,f n"'are emitted (naturally, a muchScientists wondered if it wouldbe possible to produce a chain re¬action in the scaire U-235 whichwould emit enough neutrons tokeep itself going and provide afew extra.If (he extra neutrons woe ab¬sorbed by U-238, perhaps pluto¬nium (which is also fissionable)could be foimed. It would be pos¬sible to make a bomb out of theplentiful transmuted U-238, in¬stead of (he scarce and difficult-to-separate U-235. It. Heavy water is a good modera¬tor, but it is scarce and wouldhave taken too long to produce.Ei- rico Fermi worked out a substi-tme: extremely pure graphite, the“lead” in pencils. The minor pro¬blem was more easily solved; cad¬mium absorbed all neutrons thatcame anywhere near it, and stop¬ped the reaction. ped in pipes around (he reactorcore, which is quite hot in theordinary sense. The heated sodi¬um heats water to steam, whichdrives an electric generator. Manyother heat exchangers are used,but the principles are the same. is used for thermoelectricity orto “boil off” electrons fromsome metal; these are then at¬tracted into a conductor, wherethey circulate as electric current.One advantage of (he isotopicgenerators is that they are quitesmall. (One installed last yearin Antarctica measures 21” highsible. But it is not just by cap- uranium. Throughout the struclure of one neutron that an atom ture were removable rods of cad-ol' U-238 becomes another ele- mium. Pulling out the rods meantment. The capture only forms U- that the slow neutrons were free239, another isotope which does to be absorbed by the U-238, thusnot fission. However, two neu- continuing the fission process, andIrons in the U-239 nucleus emit by the U-238, forming plutonium,one electron each. Since electrons The plutonium bomb is a com-have a negative charge, the neu- paratively simple device. LumpsIrons from which they were emit- of plutonium (probably about 5ted become positively charged, pounds for the Hiroshima bomb)The atomic number of the atom, are held in separated compart-upon which chemical properties ments.depend, is increased by two, and When brought together, thethe U-238 has become, by steps, ]umpS constitute "critical mass,”plutonium. an amount sufficient to sustain aThe Chicaqo Pile chain reaction. The reaction takes’ place; a great amount of energyOnce it had been decided to is liberated; the bomb blows it-produce a plutonium bomb, there self up. About 4.\10H ergs of en-were two major problems: keeping ergy is released in a 20 kiloton countries are not so fortunate. is that the generators run forIn Sweden, for example, de- month* or years without addition- attractive. The Army Quarter¬master Corps is doing extensiveresearch on radiation sterilizationIt is now practical to sterilizefolded prepackaged bandages byradiation.Massive radiation doses producegreat changes in organic chemicalcompounds. Already crude oil hasbeen “cracked” to yield petroleumby radiation. Experiments withautomobile tires have shown thattires vulcanized by radiation re¬sist. abrasion, better, than newtires, and last two or three timeslonger. Many other changes —such as hardening plastics, andcreating new types of determents—have be«-n reported within the pastfew years. It looks to he an ad¬vertising man’s bonanza.Reactor PowerReactors of this sort provide by 19” in diameter, and in space,great potential for power. The without shielding, they can be asUnited States may not feel any small as the grapefruit - sizedshortages of natural power resour- SNAP generator of the TransitThe final structure decided upon ees for several centuries. Other satellite.) The second advantagefor the CP-1 was a frame ofTransmutation proved to be pos- graphite, surrounding a lattice ofmauds on power are so great that tuel, producing powei withoutmost exploitable national resour- Jiee(l’n8 anyone to. attend them,ees are already in use, and Sue- Thus they may be left m lonelyden’s gold balance makes it ,.n- isolation Jo power transmittersdesirable for her to purchase much which send back information fromfuel from other countries. So Sue- scientific insliuments in oce.inzlen has embarked on an ambitious fastnesses .icebound crevasses ornuclear power program. orbitting satellites. With olderpower equipment, continuousA reactor at Angcstad produces transmission would be nearly im-39 million watts of electrical pow- possible to achieve in many sucher and an additional 50 million locations,watts of power as heat. This willlight and heat most of the Stock- Useful Radiationholm suburb. Sweden anticipates * .that by 1970, all her power needs ^he atoms energy is useful forbeyond present supplies will be other tasks besides providing pow-met by the atom. Reactor con- er* , Because they emit particles,struction is proceeding, financed radioactive atoms can be detectedby the government. easily. A small number of them. can “tag” a much larger amount, * In many other countries, similar 0f material. Hence radioisotopesa chain reaction going in the vici- (Hiroshima-sized) bomb. This is programs are being undertaken. Have been used to trace complicat-nity of the U-238. and slowing equivalent to Ihe amount of en- In Britain, for instance, it is tell e(j flows through pipes in the pet-down the neutrons emitted in the ergy shed on a sunlit hemisphere’s that though nuclear power is not ro]eum industry, to show in detailreaction so that they could be 50 million square miles in an hour, now economically competitive with How many body processes operate,captured by both uranium iso- but it concentrates in minutes ail most other souices, it is a ,e* to discover and measure undor-1opes. A minor problem was slow- this energy in a fireball less than source that must be tapped, ow- groun^ rivers and reservoirs, to gy equivalent to one hundred nail¬ing and slopping the chain reac- a mile in diameter. Its destructive er reactor's operate at Harwell, improve the food of livestock. lion ions of TNT.tion power is enormous. and Calder Hall. The Hydrogen BombA story of nuclear power couldend here, with the proviso thatthese peaceful uses are only be¬ginning. But there is another de¬velopment of nuclear power whichought also to be mentioned: thehydrogen Ixmrb. The h> drogenbomb operates by a fusion pro¬cess, which combines atoms in¬stead of splitting them; it is theprocess by which the sun’s energyis mainly released. To trigger ihefusion, great boat is needed: thisis prov ided by a small atomic t fis¬sion ) bomb.It has recently been found thatbombs can be made indefinitelylarge by compounding a series offission-fusion-fission-fusion reac¬tions. Thus far, the largest thathas been exploded was the Sovietbomb in 1961 which had an ener-Franck report against bomb useJames Franck, professoremeritus of physical chemis¬try, played one of the mostimportant roles in the yearsimmediately following the Man¬hattan Project. He is now 80 andresides most of the time in NorthCarolina. During the ManhattanProject he was the chairman ofa seven-member “Committee onSocial and Political Implications”at Chicago. This committee sub¬mitted a report to the Secretaryof War on June 11, 1945, twomonths before Hiroshima and justa few days before the first testexplosion in New Mexico.The great Impetus for develop¬ing an atomic weapon as rapidlyas possible had been the fear thatGermany w'ould develop and useone first. By June 11, 1945 theEuropean war was over, and thestatus of the atomic bomb hadto be re-evaluated. Thus the"Franck Report” stood at a cru¬cial point in history. The Armyreleased it and the Bulletin of theAtomic Scientists published it in1946. It was clear to these scientiststhat a nuclear armaments racewould be on as soon as the firstatomic bomb was used. It wasalso clear that the basic factsof atomic energy were well knownin the world-ivide scientific com¬munity and that no amount ofseerecy on the part of the UnitedStates could prevent the eventualconstruction of atomic bombs byother nations. Secrecy was usefulin delaying them and increasingthe US lead, hut it was no finalsolution.Neither did overwhelming nu¬clear superiority and the threat otdevastating retaliation constitutea final solution. For with only 10tons of atomic explosives, an ag¬gressor could strike a cripplingblow on the concentrated industryand population of the US, and inthis kind of war the advantagewould lie heavily with the sur¬prise attacker whose own popu¬lation and industry were widelydispersed.The only final solution seemedto be an efficient, enforced inter¬ national agreement that wouldmake atomic war impossible. Allnations would have much to losein an atomic war, so all woulddesire its prevention. Only lackof mutual trust could stand in theway of such an agreement.The pros and cons of using anatomic bomb in the Japanese war,of demonstrating one to the worldin some uninhabited area, and ofkeeping the whole thing a secretwere discussed in the report asthey related to the prospects ofachieving international control ofatomic energy.The committee felt that anearly, unannounced nuclear attackon Japan would sacrifice publicsupport, precipitate a nucleararms race and diminish the pos¬sibility for an effective interna¬tional control agreement. Theirrecommendation was for a de¬monstration of a nuclear weaponin some uninhabited area. Withthis, other nations could be givena share of the responsibility indeciding whether nuclear weaponswould be used in ihe Japanesewar, or ever. Letter dropped with atomicbomb on Nagasaki(Editor's note: The following let¬ter, torilten by Luis Alvarez, nowdirector of the Laboratory for Nu¬clear Studies at the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, was droppedto the Japanese physicist Sagane,his close friend, with the Nagasakibomb, August 9, 19J,5. Sagane re¬ceived the letter — but it is notknown when.)HeadquartersAtomic Bomb CommandAugust 9, 3945To: Prof. R. SaganeFrom: Three of your former sci¬entific colleagues during your stayin the United States.We are sending this as a per¬sonal message to urge that youuse your influence as a reputablenuclear physicist, to convince theJapanese General Staff of the ter¬rible consequences which w'ill besuffered by your people if youcontinue in this war.You have known for severalyears that an atomic bomb couldbe built if a nation were willingto pay the enormous cost of pre¬ paring the necessary material.Now that you have seen lhat wehave constructed the productionplants, there can be no doubt inyour mind that all the output oithese factories, working 24 hoursa day will be exploded on yourhomeland.Within the space of three weeks,we have proof-fired one bomb inthe American desert, exploded onein Hiroshima, and fired the thirdthis morning. ,Wc implore you to confirm thesefacts to your leaders, and to doyour utmost to stop the destruc¬tion and waste of life which canonly result in the total annihila¬tion of all your cities if continued.As scientists, \ve deplore the useto which a beautiful discovery hasbeen put, but we can assure youthat unless Japan surrenders aionce, this rain of atomic bomb-will increase manifold in fury.To my friend Saganewith best regards fromLuis W. AlvarezFinally signedDec. 22, 3949• CHICAGO MAROON •■« Nov. 30. 1962The day the new world began: the first atomic reactor/Editor's note: Paula Fozzy is agraduate student in philosophy ofience. She has been assistantr,liior of the BULLETIN OF THEATOMIC SCIENTISTS, and ispresently a research associate on,< project studying scientists andpublic policy. She is an “unofficialufficer>> of the campus chapter ofthe Federation of American Scien¬tists, and heis written and editedseveral boohs and articles on sci¬entific subjects.)by Paula FozzyThere is a folk tale that is pecu¬liarly appropriate for this day, the_'(Mh anniversary of the first con-i rolled release of’ atomic energy.A king asked an alchemist tomake him an elixir of power andimmortality. The alchemist, aftermuch study, presented the kingwith a curious flask. Two separ¬ate crystal chambers, one filledwith a murky dark-red liquid, theother with a clear, golden fluid,were so joined that they had thesame mouth, and to pour from onewas to pour from both.“The golden fluid,” said the al¬chemist, “is the elixir you askfor: power and immortality. Un¬fortunately, it is necessarilyjoined to the red: painful and cer¬tain death.” The king in the taleput away the flask. Twenty yearsago, it was brought out.Most of the scientists who haveworked and are continuing towork on releasing the powerhound into atoms (to abandon themetaphor) do not believe, how¬ever, that the beneficial and de¬structive powers of atomic energyare inseparably joined. Much oftheir work has been devoted toadvancing such possibilities ascheap nuclear power to heat andlight cities, for transportation, useof isotopes in industry, radiationuses in medicine, food preserva¬tion, and conservation. They havedevoted no small amount of timeand effort to the task of control¬ling the powerful weapons thatih’-eaten civilization's existence.Scientists who are and havebeen associated with the Univer¬sity of Chicago have had a greatshare in all this. At the Univer¬sity was centered the projectwhose code name was the Metal¬lurgical Laboratory; its principalresponsibility was plutonium pro¬duction. Under the direction ofthe late Enrico Fermi, Ihe lateA. H. Compton. Herbert Ander¬son, professor of physics, SamuelK. Allison, professor of physics,and many others, the Metallurgi¬cal Laboratory produced theworld’s first self-sustaining nu¬clear reaction, within a. flattenedsphere of graphite and uraniumcalled “the pile.” The nicknamehas become an unofficial name fornuclear reactors.Hicrnnymous Bosch's inferno ish (lark place, black and gloomy;many small figures hurry aboutin It. Milton’s Hades is also dark,and the fire that burns there is in¬visible. The squash courts underStagg field late in 1942 mighthave reminded onlookers of theBosch panel or Milton’s Hades.But there were no onlookers.Everyone was working — andhurrying.It had been decided in Aprilof 1942 to use graphite, an ex-termely pure form of the sub¬stance that is the “lead” of pen¬cils, as a moderator for thenuclear reactor which was to beconstructed. As the graphitebricks were laid into place, hands,laces, coveralls, floor, walls, andceilings became black with slip¬pery graphite. The men and onewoman who were building the pileslipped in it, breathed it, cursedit, and built the frame of the pilefrom it. Unlike black literaryhells, the squash court under thestands had a cold, damp atmos¬phere.The space under the gray imita-tion battlements on the West sideof Stagg field (now replaced by• ennis courts) was not the siteoriginally planned for the firstpile. It was to have been built''here Argonne National Labora-loiy now stands, 20 miles west ofChicago, but labor troubles haddelayed construction of facilities(here. Compton, who directed theentire Chicago project, decided,after Fermi had showed him some feasibility and safety computa¬tions, to build the pile in Chicagoto avoid delay.Fermi had charge of the pile’sconstruction, and had in the pre¬ceding years done much of thebasic research which made it pos¬sible (and which won him a NobelPrize in 1938). Both were fairlycertain that the pile would gocritical in safety (Fermi’s cal¬culations showed this to be a cer¬tainty), but both realized thatIhey were dealing with the un¬known.Compton made the filial deci¬sion early in November of 1942.“As a responsible officer of theUniversity of Chicago, accordingto every rule of organizationalprotocol, I should have taken thematter to my superior. But thiswould have been unfair. PresidentHutchins was in no position tomake an independent judgment ofthe hazards involved. Based onconsiderations of the university’swelfare, the only answer he couldhave given would have been ‘no.’And this answer would have beenwrong.” rod, made at 10 am, left 13 feetof it still inside the pile. Countersclicked. A recording pen tracedout a rising line, which leveledoff, measuring radiation producedinside the pile. Fermi's first cal¬culation had been verified. Littleby little, the rod was pulled out.Then the group took a lunchbreak, at Fermi’s insistance. At3:20 pm, Fermi said, “This willdo it.” The final setting was made.The recording pen’s rising linedid not level off; the reaction go¬ing on inside the pile had becomeself-sustaining. The pile had gonecritical. It was 3:25 pm. Fermiput down the slide rule withwhich he had been making cal¬culations as a continuous checkduring the operation. The “suicidesquad” relaxed somewhat theirnervous grips on their buckets ofcadmium solution. “When do westart getting scared?” askedLeona Woods, the only womanphysicist in Fermi’s group.In 28 minutes, the amount ofrediation .reaching .the .balconybecame dangerous. “Throwr in thesafety rods,” Fermi ordered. TheThese eight Argonne National Laboratory staff mem¬bers were present at Stagg Field when the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was achieved. They are(I. to r.), standing: William J. Sturm, Gerard S. Pawlicki,Anthony J. Matz; seated: Robert E. Johnson, Robert G.Nobles, Norman Hilberry. David P. Rudolph, Herbert E.Kubitschek. Argonne National LaboratoryConstruction on the pile beganin November of 1942. Andersonwas in charge of the crew ofphysicists who began assemblingit. The physicists had thought itmight be necessary to operate thepile in a near-vacuum (so that theneutrons would not be impededin passing through the graphite),since they might not be able toachieve the necessary size in the30 x 60 x 26 ft. squash court.A huge square balloon wasordered (much to the puzzlementof Goodyear Rubber Company,who made the monstrosity). Thegraphite moderator, and theuranium lattice, were assembledinside it. Had it been necessary,air would have been pumped outof the balloon. In less than sixweeks, the pile was completed.On the morning of December 2,1942, the scientists were ready tosee whether their extrapolationsfrom small tests (none critical)were correct. More than 20 peopleassembled in the squash-courtlaboratory. Fermi, a few obser¬vers, and the scientists who wereto record data, were on a balconyoverlooking the pile.Norman Hilberry, until recent¬ly director of Argonne and thenassociate director of the plutoniumdevelopment project, was stand¬ing by with an axe. Should any¬thing go wrong, he would cut arope holding up a large cadmiumsafety rod, which would slam intoposition in the pile, and there ab¬sorb most of the neutrons, thusdamping any runaway reaction.If all else failed, there remainedthe “suicide squad.” Three youngphysicists, Harold Lichtenberger,W. E. Nyer, and A. C. Graves,stood above a corner of the pilewith buckets of cadmium solutionwhich they would have tossed overthe pile to damp a reaction notstopped by the safety rods.Another young physicist, GeorgeWeil, stood in the center of thefloor before the pile; his job wasto pull out the one cadmium rodwhich was-holding the reactionin check, after all the others wereout.The first setting of this final geiger counters’ continuous raspslowed to occasional clicks.. Forthe first time on earth, power hadbeen liberated which did not haveits source of energy of the sun.Science had liberated it, men con¬trolled it.Eugene P. Wigner, the Hun¬garian physicist who had. withSzilard and Einstein, first urgedPresident Roosevelt to support auranium fission project, produceda bottle of Chianti. They alldrank. There were no toasts.Later, Compton called J. B.Conant. “Jim, you’ll be interestedto know that the Italian naviga¬tor has just landed in the newworld. “Were the natives friend¬ly?" Conant asked. “Everyonelanded safe and happy,” saidCompton. Wartime security madeeveryone cryptic, but the newswas circulated.At the Metallurgical Laboratorynew concerns engaged the scien¬tists. Henry DeWolf Smyth out¬lined some questions for postwarconsideration: .How . to . avoidfuture atomic wars? How to de¬velop the potentials of atomicpower? (Compton has reported:“Everyone took it for grantedthat the new bombs would be usedin Europe if they were ready intime.”)But the Battle of the Bulge, atthe end of 1944, indicated to theMetallurgical Laboratoi'y scien¬tists that: Germany’s collapse wasimminent. It appeared likely alsothat the German atomic bombs,so feared by many who workedon the U. S. project, would not becompleted. (It was later foundthat the Germans were far frommaking even a workable pile,though pre-war reports had in¬dicated that they were progress¬ing well.)A subcommittee on social andpolitical consequences was formedin 1945 at the Metalurgical Lab¬oratory. Its chairman was JamesFranck, a Jewish scientist whohad fled Nazi Germany. ( He ispresently professor emeritus ofchemistry, and maintains a labor¬atory in the Fermi Institute,where he continues to work.) Other members were: DonaldHughes, J. J. Nickson, EugeneRabinowitch, Glenn T. Seaborg,Joyce Stearns, Leo Szilard. Nick-son was a biologist; the otherswere physicists and chemists. Thesubcommittee began to study theproblem of the bomb.Word came that President Tru¬man was consulting with Secre¬tary of State Harry L. Stimsonabout the use of the bomb onJapan. On June 11, 1945, just twomonths before the first bomb wasdropped on Japan, the Franckcommittee delivered their reportto Compton, who was in Washing¬ton. It was passed on (probably)to Secretary of State Stimson.There seems to have been somedissension within the committeeabout the report. It has been vari¬ously called “a unanimous agree¬ment of all members,” and “rep¬resenting the views of the com¬mittee’s chairman and of severaloth,ers who shared its w riting withhim.”But the government’s InterimCommittee, a semi-official bodyadvised by some of the Metallur¬gical Laboratory’s scientists, de¬cided that such a demonstrationwould be futile and that it wouldsave American lives if the bombwere dropped in a population cen¬ter. Technical advisors wereRobert Oppenheimer, E. O. Law¬rence, Fermi, and Compton. Theysearched their consciences andrecommended no preceding dem¬onstration. The risks of intercep¬tion, failure, disbelief, and ineffec¬tiveness were too great, theythought. The Interim Committee,whose scientists were VannevarBush and K. T. Compton, andwhose other members besidesStimson, were closely connectedwith the war effort, accepted thetechnical panel’s recommendation.But Metallurgical Laboratoryscientists were not silent. Szilardcirculated several petitions, andsent one supporting the Franckreport’s conclusions to PresidentTruman; it had 67 signatures-The petition generated severalcounter-petitions from other sci¬entists. General Leslie R. Groves,who was in charge of the mili¬tary’s portion of the bomb pro¬duction and use, asked Comptonto conduct an opinion poll at thelaboratory. Farrington Daniels*then director of the laboratory,made up and circulated five ques¬tions, asking for scientists'opinions on what should be donewith the homb. Alternatives were:All-out use of the bomb “as theArmy may see fit;” “Demonstra¬tion on a military objective;”“Demonstration on an uninhabitedlocality;” “No use in the Japanesewar at all;” “Keeping the exis¬tence of the bomb a secret.” Morethan 150 scientists replied.Rabinowitch reported in 1946that “over one half voted for‘demonstration on a military ob¬jective,’ about one-third for ‘pre¬liminary demonstration on unin¬habited locality’.” Compton, in hisbook Atomic Quest says that 87per cent voted for the bomb’seventual use, “at least if afterother means were tried this wasfound necessary.”At 9:15 am, August 6. 1945, theEnola Gay dropped a 20 kilotonbomb on Hiroshima. Accompany¬ing the bomb, attached to thel-adio-sondes dropped with it wenta letter (see box, page 2) to theJapanese physicist Rykokichi Sag-ane, from Luis Alvarez, RobertSerber and Philip Morrison. Thesethree physicists had been mem¬bers of the scientific group at theUniversity of California, and wrerepart of the crew at Tinian Islandwhich assembled the bombs. Theletter evidently got to Sagane; ithas not been established when.After the bomb had beendropped, the scientists who hadworked on the technical problemswhose solution led to the weapondid not lose interest in future usesof atomic energy. Particularlyamong those who worked at theChicago Metallurgical Laboratorythere were men whom AliceSmith has called in her history ofthe decision to use the bomb“champions of difficult causes —the education of the public aboutatomic energy, the fight forcivilian control, international con¬trol.” Mrs. Smith remarks that the in¬terest and activity of the Chicagoscientists were unique; whilethere was some discussion of socialimplications at the other atomicresearch centers, there was noth¬ing on the scale of the Chicagogroup’s concern. “Almost every¬one remembers one or two pri¬vate conversations, but of generaltalk or inclination to act, nothing,and always this reply is accom¬panied by the reflection that thisdoes seem very odd,” Mrs. Smithreports.After the war, there was con¬siderable activity. Several scien¬tists’ organizations were founded,among them. Atomic Scientists ofChicago, which began publishingthe Bulletin of the AtomicScientists. Later the Federationof American Scientists grew fromthe Chicago nucleus. The firstmajor struggle these groups hadwas an attempt to defeat the May-Johnson atomic energy bill, whichhad been hastily introduced intoCongress and was being rammedthrough with little publicity. Theycharged that this bill would putcontrol of atomic energy and re¬search mainly in the hands of themilitary. The bill also imposedwhat many regarded as cripplingand foolish security regulations.The scientists descended uponWashington, lobbying, explaining,arguing, and publishing articles.John Simpson, who had been aphysicist at the MetallurgicalLaboratory, and is now professorof physics and head of the Uni¬versity's new Space Research Cen¬ter, has estimated that Chicagoscientists spent nearly 2,000 man¬hours in political work right afterthe war.“The words 'atomic scientist’were effective where some of ourarguments were not,” he has re¬marked. At least, they were part¬ly effective, for the May-Johnsonhill was defeated, and a com¬promise bill setting up the AtomicEnergy Commission was passed.Most people agreed that it was animprovement on the May-Johnsonbill, though it was not all manyscientists would have liked.The political concern of scien¬tists who worked on the Ixxnbduring the war has not abated.The accurate prophecies of thosewho wrote the Franck report havebeen borne out in an acceleratingarms race, and an ever-increasingdanger of nuclear war by accidentor heightened tensions. Scientists’movements have been established:the "Pugwash” group of eminentscientists from many nations; theCouncil for Abolishing War, apolitical peace group begun byLeo Szilard: the Scientists’ Com¬mittee on Social Responsibility;the Committee on Science in thePromotion of Human Welfare, apart of the 20,000-member Ameri¬can Association for the Advance¬ment of Science. Many othershave also concerned themselveswith the problems of ending thearms race, achieving stable dis¬armament, awl using the resourcesof science to promote world peaceand to improve living conditionsfor the earth’s three billion inhabi¬tants.It did not all start in Chicago.Of necessity, this survey has beensuperficial. Rutherford, Cockcroft,Chadwick, Hahn, Strassman,Bothe, Beequerel, Bohr, Einstein,Curie, Joliot, Meitner, Yukawa—the names of those who contri¬buted to controlling atomic energyread like a roster of the world’smost productive and importantscientists. Compton says in AtomicQuest that 15.000 took part inwartime research, and it tookmore than half a million men tomake the first weapons. But theUniversity’s role was an importantone, and onr scientists have con¬tinued in their active concern withthe consequences of scientificresearch. It is a concern we canall share.In Compton’s words, "Wo knowthat the important thing is noithe state, nor the power of theatom, nor the mighty machines ofindustry-; it is the heart of man.To all who will hear, this innervoice gives the same message. Be¬cause it tells us that the soul ofman is our true measure of value,we know that it is within ourpower to harness the energy ofthe atom for peace.”Nov. 30. 1962 • CHICAGO MAROON • S-3Twenty years after — where are we now?All of us in the Metallurgi¬cal Laboratory knew thatwith the advent of a chainreaction the world would nev¬er be quite the same again. Butin the light of the ensuing twentyyears, it seems that we overesti¬mated the effect on peaceful in¬dustries and underestimated theeffect on war. The atomic bomband its successor, the hydrogenbomb, have introduced a new con¬cept into relations between thegreat powers: War between themas an escalation of diplomatic con¬troversy. or even as a last resortwhen diplomacy fails, is no longerpossible through the deliberate ac¬tions of sane men.The faet that nuclear war can¬not be deliberately initiated bysane men unfortunately does notguarantee that it will not occur.At the present time the nationsseem helpless as they drift towardtotal disaster, the mental prison¬ers of such phrases as “nationalsovereignty,” “security,” “freedomof the seas,” “acting in our bestnational interest,” which, if theynow mean anything, at least haveto be re-evaluated for tlie urani¬um age.Turning away from this sadspectacle, we can at least amuseourselves by beholding the chainreactor as an international statussymbol, such as the chauffeur-driven Cadillac is to the big citypolitician. The illiteracy rate ofan underdeveloped country may be95 per cent, the life expectancy30 years, but if it has a swimmingpool reactor it has definitely ar¬rived.Will nuclear energy make theworld a better or a worse placein the next 20 years? I verymuch fear that nuclear energy willdestroy civilization in the next de¬cades. The human race is unableto cope with the new situation.It is madness to sit and watchthe capacity for making nuclearweapons spread from nation tonation: to watch the stockpiles ofhydrogen bombs being made readyfor the next glory-crazed lunaticwho would sacrifice his own na¬tion to wreak vengeance on an¬other lor some wrong, real or fan¬cied.It is far too late to install theonly sane procedure, that isotopeseparation plants and the chemi¬cal separation 'of the fissionablematerials be forbidden to ‘inde¬pendent’ nations and carried outonly in a world plant supervisedby international councils. Instead,the prospective victims are rigidin a mesmeric paralysis as theirradioactive doom approaches.Samuel K. Allison<Editor's note: Samuel K. Alli¬son worked for the Met Lab pro¬ject and was present the dap thefirst chain reaction was initiated.He is now professor of phi;.lies atthe University.) BULLETIN OFTHE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, De¬cember, 1962.I was recently asked if myhopes for the peacetime usesof atomic energy had beenfulfilled in the past twentyyears. They have, indeed. The ato¬mic sources of electricity that area reality today are beyond thehopes of twenty years ago. I amquite heartened at the rate ofprogress in this field and optimis-tic about the impact of atomicenergy on our lives.I believe that within twentyyears we will be able to outlivethe stigma of the weapon, and toobtain more ol' the direct impactot the beneficial aspects of atomicenergy on our daily life. This wasmy view at the time ol the Pro¬ject, along with rest of the LosAlamos staff,David P. Rudolph(Editor's note: David Rudolphhad an administrative job on theManhattan Project and laterserved on the Los Alamos staffwhich built the bomb. He is notewith the Chicago Operations Of¬fice of the AEC, Argonne.) Froman interview,. November 26, 1962. Looking back over Sovietand American actions sincethat historic day under thestands of Stagg Field, thegreatest compliment one can paythe two powers is that at leastuntil the present, a major nuclearwar has been avoided. This hasbeen no mean accomplishment.But virtually all povsons whothink about these problems re¬cognize that the status quo can¬not be perpetuated indefinitely. Inthe absence of meaningful agree¬ments between the US and theSoviet Union we are destined toblow each other out of existence.Perhaps tomorrow will be the day.There is much more sophisticationin our government today concern¬ing the dangers of nuclear warand the problems of arms controland disarmament than there wasa few years ago. The Russians,whose thinking about these pro¬blems was superficial until recent¬ly, now appear to be making someserious studies.Harrison Brown<Editor's note: Harrison Brownis professor of geophysics. CalTech, and Foreign Secretary ofthe U. S. National Academy ofSciences.) BULLETIN OF THEATOMIC SCIENTISTS, Decem¬ber, 1962.Twenty years ago, on De¬cember 2, 1942, a small groupof scientists on tbe campusof the University of Chicagoperformed tbe now famous experi¬ment which gave mankind a newsource of energy and marked thebeginning of the atomic age. Inthe first atomic pile ever built,the scientists made matter yieldits inner energy at their will:they could initiate the flow’ ofenergy, accelerate and slow it, orstop it altogether, in a perfectlycontrolled way, very differentfrom a nuclear explosion.In its design ^nd technology theChicago pile is the forefather, notof nuclear weapons, but of all thenumerous reactors which havebeen built or are planned through¬out flic* world. Large power reac¬tors already help fill the growingdemand for electricity, and moreand more will they replace con¬ventional power plants, as the The attainment of the firstself - sustained nuclear chainreaction was a technologicalrather than a scientific ac¬complishment. It was, however,done during the national crisis ola great war by scientists of out¬standing stature on the campusof a great American university.. As a human act of the citizen-scientist involved, it representedhis contribution to the security ofhis nation during a period of ex¬treme trial. It expressed his hopethat the political principles of thisnation would continue to be avail¬able to mankind.It is not surprising either thatthe accomplishment was made ona university campus. For here thescientist was in a traditional en¬vironment most suitable to the in¬tellectual inquiry which had toprecede this development, andfrom which much of the insightand social maturation required tolive with it must continue tocome.William J. Sturm(Editors note: William Sturm,who worked on the Met Lab pro¬ject. is an associate physicist. In¬ternational Institute of NuclearScience and Engineering, ArgoneNational Laboratory.)reserves of fossil fuels are rapidlyexhausted. Other reactors are usedfor naval propulsion, for scientificresearch, in medical treatment, inour space program.Radioisotopes, the byproducts ofreactors, have fostered very greatadvances in science, permittingentirely new techniques in allfields. In biology, in particular,they have allowed the researcherto follow step by step the basicprocesses of life and to gain un¬derstanding at an unparalleledrate of progress.Nuclear energy in itself isneither good nor bad. It is theuse to which man puts it thatmay turp it into a deadly weaponor a great blessing for humanity.And man is still free* to take hischoice. Laura Fermi(Editor's note: Laura Fermi isthe widow of the late EnricoFermi, and author of several arti¬cles and books.) From an inter¬view, November 28, 1962. The year 1942, like its fam¬ous epochal transpose, 1492,deserves its mark of specialhistorical note. The year 1492witnessed a sudden vast expansionof man’s known territorial re¬sources; the year 1942 witnesseda similar expansion of his knownenergy resources. In the yearswhich intervened, man’s patternof society had changed drama¬tically from one based primarilyon the use of the land to one evermore significantly dependent uponthe utilization of energy. As a re¬sult, in its ultimate impact onhuman society, the second disco¬very bids well to eclipse the im¬portance of the first in the longterm record of mankind.The opening of the new epochcame with the reorganization ofthe various project laboratories ona permanent basis and with theofficial approval of, and the neces¬sary financial support for, theirproposed programs which hadbeen incubating in embryonicform so long. . . . The long pent-up store of creative ability wasat last turned loose. It wouldnow be seen if man could profitfrom, as well as be able to destroyhimself with, the practical con¬sequences of that purest of scien¬tific discoveries, the phenomenonof nuclear fission.That was 16'4 years ago — ashort time even in the span otmodern history. What has beenaccomplished during that periodin the utilization of nuclear ener¬gy? The answer is, ‘much.’ Thetotal catalogue is too long to re¬cite. One need but look at thenation’s fleet of nuclear poweredsubmarines to find one significantexample, where the unique char¬acteristics ot nuclear fuel as acompletely contained energy re¬source has been put to use withspectacular effect. . . . Journeysunder the polar ice cap wouldhave been inconceivable withoutthis unique addition to man’senergy supplies . . .A giant stride toward wide¬spread utilization of nuclear ener¬gy for (electrical) pow'er has beentaken. Man is swiftly moving tocapitalize on his new energj re¬sources and is doing so effectively.Now, nuclear energy is beinggroomed to take its place as apropulsion agent in our flightsto the farthest reaches of inter¬stellar space. We have come along way from the first experi¬ment of December 2nd, a longway from the opening of thepeacetime program on July 3,1946.Norman Hilberry(Editor's note: Norman Hil¬berry retired as director of Ar¬gonne National Laboratory lastyear. He remains active at Ar¬gonne as a senior scientist). UNI¬VERSITY OF CHICAGO RE¬PORTS, December, 1962.The atomic age whichstarted twenty years agobrought us peril and promise.Atomic power, one of thegreat promises, is probably lessadvanced today than most of usexpected 20 years ago. This istrue in spite of impressive techni¬cal developments. ... By contrast,nuclear weapons are far more de¬structive and sophisticated thanmost of us dreamed 20 year's ago.But their existence has made na¬tions behave with much greaterrestraint than they did 30 or 60years ago. People in all walks oflife, and scientists in particular,have become much more con¬cerned than before with humanvalues, with the ethics of behaviorbetween humans and between na¬tions.Hans A. Bethe(Editor's note: Huns A. Betlie,professor of physics at CornellUniversity, is a member of thePresident's Science Advisory Com¬mittee. and an Atomic EnergyCommission Consultant.) BULLE¬TIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIEN¬TISTS, December, 1962. The implications of the ev-ent of December 2, 1912, areof course much larger thanthe immediate harvest ofbenefits from atomic energy. Theachievement of the self-sustainingnuclear chain reaction representsI believe, a major line of demar¬cation in human history. On theone hand, the event resulted inthe concentration of unprecedent¬ed power in human hands powerso great as to become a significantnew factor in the environment, itmade the establishment of a per¬manent, stable w’orld peace a con¬dition of the survival of highcivilization and possibly ot manhimself. Whether man can adaptto the conditions he himself hascreated remains to be settled, per¬haps in a very short time.Glenn T. Seaborg(Editor's note: Glenn T. Sen-borg. Nobel Prize winner, woik-ed on the Met Lab project duringthe tear. He i-s now chairman ofthe Atomic Energy Commission)BULLETIN OF THE ATOMICSCIENTISTS, December, 1962.Two aspects of nuclear en¬ergy have emerged clearlyduring the twenty years sincethe first chain reaction. First,nuclear energy’, though it is nowexpensive, almost surely will ful¬fill its initial promise as theunique and inexhaustible energysource, and second, nuclear ener¬gy. along with other modern tech¬nologies, has made obsolete thetraditional geographic, political,and economic fragmentation of thew-orld.The scale of the new' energysource determined by the logic ofeconomics and of the inherent na¬ture of the technology is largerthan the scale determined by ourtraditionally fragmented politicaland economic structures. But itis not only nuclear energy in itspeaceful aspects that makes ourdivided world obsolete. As Johnvon Neumann pointed out someten years ago, the H-bomb andthe ICBM also make geographicboundaries obsolete.Alvin M. Weinberg(Editor's note: Alvin M. Wein¬berg is director of The Oak RidgeNational Labomtories.) BULLE¬TIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIEN¬TISTS, December, 1962.The scientific revolutionlias effectively united man¬kind, to perish or prosper to¬gether. The realization of thisfact is slow and reluctant every¬where. It is up to scientists tospeed it up. . . . That general dis¬armament is desirable has becomethe official attitude of all govern¬ments. That effective disarma¬ment can be based only on com¬plete abolition of war is being in¬creasingly recognized. Some con¬tinue to think of war as a per¬manent element in the intercoursebetween nations, and hope thatthe nations can again harness warinslead of abolishing it altogether:but Ihese ‘realists’ of yesterdayare the dangerous dreamers oftoday, and their influence is wan¬ing.Scientists must now’ assumeleadership in establishing the pri¬macy of common interests of man¬kind over all that divides meninto separate camps. Scientistsmust be pioneers in establishingthe one world of man, becausetheirs is the first common enter¬prise of mankind, and because thiscommon enterprise has nowr be¬come the most important contentof history.Eugene Rabinowitch(Editor's note: Eugene Rabino¬witch, editor, BULLETIN OFTHE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, waschemist at the Metallurgical Lab¬oratory during the bomb pioject.)BULLETIN OF THE ATOMICSCIENTISTS, December, 1962.The chanti bottle was signed by many of the scientistspresent at the December 2 experiment. After the pile hadgone critical they drank a toast and signed the strawcover. Present that day were: Harold M. Agnew, Los Ala¬mos: Samuel K. Allison, University of Chicago; HerbertL. Anderson, University- of Chicago; Wayne Arnold (de¬ceased); Hugh M. Barton, Jr.. Phillips Petroleum Company;Thomas Brill, Minneapolis Honeywell; R. F. Christy, Calif¬ornia Institute of Technology; Arthur H. Compton, (de¬ceased); Enrico Fermi (deceased); Richard J. Fox, OakRidge; Stewart A. Fox; Darol K. Froman, Los Alamos; CarlC. Gamertsfelder, General Electric Company; Alvin C.Graves, Las Alamos; Crawford Greenewalt, du Pont; Nor¬man Hilberry, Argonne; David L. Hinn, Physical ScienceCorporation; William H. Hinch, E. C. I. Engineering Con¬sultants; Robert E. Johnson, Argonne; W. R. Kanne, Gen¬eral Electric; August C. Knuth; P. G. Koontz, Los Alamos;Herbert E. Kubitschek, Argonne; Harold W. Lichtenber-ger; Combustion Engineering; George M. Maronde; Leona(Woods) Marshall, New York University; Anthony J. Matz,'George Miller; George D. Monk, Atomic Energy Commis¬sion; Henry W. Newson, Duke University; Robert G. No¬bles, Argonne; Warren E. Nyer, Phillips Petroleum; Wil¬cox Overbeck, du Pont Co.; Howard Parsons, Hughes Air¬craft; Gerard Pawlicki, Argonne; Theodore Petry; DavidP. Rudolph, Atomic Energy Commission; Leon Sayvetz, So¬ciety of Brothers, Rafton, N. Y.; Leo Seren; Louis A. Slotin(deceased); Frank H. Spedding, Iowa State University;William J. Sturm, Argonne; Leo Szilard, University of Chi¬cago — on leave; Albert Wattenberg; R. J. Watts, Los Ala¬mos; George L. Weil; Eugene P. Wigner, Princeton; Mar¬vin H. Wilkening, New Mexico Institute for Mining andTechnology; Volney C. Wilson, General Electric; WalterH. Zinn, Combustion Engineering.(AiRonne National Laboratory)S-4 • CHICAGO MAROON • Nov. 30, 19620_• If you're a little shy and have difficulty say¬ing "I love you" or even "I like you very'much"—say it with a Parker.The new Parker Arrow makes a beauti¬fully expressive gift and looks as if you paida small fortune for it. It only costs $3.95,however, which should leave you with’enough date money for an impressive pres¬entation ceremony in romantic surround¬ings such as the second booth from theback in your local drugstore.The new Parker Arrow comes in black’, dark blue, light blue, light gray, and brightred, with a choice of four instantly replace¬able solid 14K gold points. Gift-boxed withfive free cartridges.P. S.To girls: a Parker Arrow—besides beinga very romantic gift—comes in one size (theright one), should last at least ten timeslonger than a scarf or a tie, and shouldbring in a harvest of correspondence you'llcherish the rest of your life.PARKER Maker oI the world's most wanted pensNew PARKER ARROW only $3^ THE STORE FOR MENfetol* SteMi,-*Sfttttttt attif (tfampuaIn the New Hyde Park Shopping Center1502-06 E. 55th St. Phone 752-8100If you have trouble saying it...Say it with a Parker completelywaterproofyet breathes forHere's the newest version ofthe original Clicker. Unbeat¬able Clicker styling plusReevair "909,” the breath¬able, waterproof fabric thatkeeps you dry..:even in adownpour. Keeps you snug-warm with body liningof 100%Orion* shearling by Borg.Washable or dry-cleanable.Giant zipper by Talon.©Lakeland T.M.?Du Pont T.M. ^ Sizes 36 to 46$35.00TRANS-AIRECLICKER"Calendar of Events Far Eastern Committee describedFriday, November 30Holy Communion: Brent House 7:30am.Lutheran Eucharist: Bond Chanel11:30 am.Lecture: “Current Ideas about Struc¬ture, Function, and Mutation of ViralKNA.” Professor H. Fraenkel-Conrat.Breasted Hall 12:30 pm.Pediatric Newborn Conference: DoraDel.ee Hall 1 pm.Koinonia: Bond Chapel 6 pm.Lecture: “Some Aspects of BilirubinMetabolism.” Dr. Rudi Schmidt, BillingsM-137 7:30 pm.Debate: “The Abolition of the HouseDn - American Activities Committee.”Michael Harrington and Fulton LewisHI. Maude! Hall, 8 pm.Movie: “When Worlds Collide.” Bur-ton-Judson 8 and 10 pm.Lecture: “Social Action and the Ne¬gro Student in the Deep South.” ChuckMe Dew. SNOC chairman 32 West Ran¬dolph 8:145 pm.Concert: “Music at 16th CenturyCourts, Music by Isaac, Compere, Pierretie la Rue, Jesquin, Henry VIII, Others.”Sole Ensemble of the Collegium Musi-cum. Bond Chapel 8:30 pm.Lecture: “Exclusiveness and Toler¬ance: A Historical Perspective on Jew.ish-(Jentile Relations:” Jaeob Katz, pro¬fessor of history and sociology, HebrewUniversity, Jerusalem, Israel. H'lllelFoundation, 8:30 pm,Saturday, December 1Saturday Morning Conference: DoraDet.ee Hall 8 am.Diseases of the Nervous System: Bil¬lings M-137 9 am.English Class: International House,Room B, 10 am-noon."B” Team Basketball Game: Chieagovs. Purdue (Calumet Center) FieldHouse 6 pm.Movie: Jean-Paul Sartre’s adaptionof Arthur Miller's "The Crucible” SocialScience 122. 7:15 and 9:30 pm.Varsity Basketball: Chicago vs. Cen¬tral College, Field House 8 pm.Concert Stravinsky: Arrangement ofthe Star Spangled Banner and CircusPolka,” Tschaikovsky: Nutcracker Suite:Shubert: Symphony No. 6 in C Major.Opthamology Research Seminar: “Di¬seases of the Peripheral Retina.” Dr.B. A. Klein, Goldblutt Conference Room,4 pm.Gastrointestinal Liver Seminar: Bil¬lings M-4 33 4 pm.Chest Conference: Billings M-137, 5 University Symphony Orchestra, MandelHall, 8:30 pm.Sunday, December 2Radio Series: “Faith of Our Fathers”WON 720 kc, Reverend W. BarnettBlakemore, associate dean, RockefellerMemorial Chapel, 8:30 am.Sung Eucharist and Sermon: BrentHouse, 9:30 am.Radio Series: “From the Midway”WFMF 100.3 me, Leonard Binder, as¬sociate professor, depai tment of poli¬tical science: Dr. John Kasik, asssitantprofessor, department of medicine; Ken¬neth Rehage. professor, department ofeducation. Alec Sutherland, moderator,11 am.Lecture: Mumford and Glaser: Man-del Hall, 3 pm.O-Board Meeting: Ida Noyes Hall,3 pm.Carillon Recital: Rockefeller Memo¬rial Chapel, Daniel Robbins, Carillon-neur, 4 pm.United Christian Fellowship: Move¬ment for Racial Justice, Bruce Rappa-port. Chairman, UC branch of Congressfor Racial Equality, with Reverend TomMaurer. Chapel House, 4:30 pm.Bridge: Ida Noyes Hall, 7 pm.Discussion Seminar: “Existential An¬xiety and Christian Faith.” ChapelHouse 7:15 pm.Porter Graduate Fellowship: “PaulTillich: The New Being.” Chapel House7:15 pm.Folk Dancing: Tda Nayes Hall 8 pm.Evening Prayer: Brent House 8 pm.Radio Series: "The World of thePaperback.” WBBM 780 kc, Saul Bellow,professor, the committee on socialthought, and Perrin Low rey, associateprofessor of humanties, 10 pm.Monday, December 3Class: Poetry of Bialik and Tcher-nichovsky, Hillel Foundation, 4:30 rim.English Class: International House,Room 8, 6:30-8:30 pm.Evening of Indian Music: Rosenwald2, 7 pm.Women's Clubs: Ida Noyes Hall, 7pm.Movie: “Peddlin’ in Society.” Inter¬national House, Assembly Hall. 8 pm.Lecture: “The Road to Socialism inAmerica.” Daniel Rubin, editor, TheCommunist Viewpoint, East Lounge, IdaNoyes Hall, 8 pm.Discussion: "The Place of The Cam¬pus Newspaper in the University,”Shorey House Coffee Plus, 9 pnj. (Editor’s note: this is the secondin a series or articles presentedby the Maroon on the area com¬mittees of the University of Chi¬cago. The first appeared on Fri¬day, November 9.Jby Ross ArdreyThe area committee on FarEastern Civilization serves asan integrating organizationfor inter-disciplinary studiesin that area. The committee, whichhas 16 faculty members, has threefunctions. It conducts research pro¬jects, grants degrees, and teachescourses in Far Eastern Civiliza¬tion.Edward Kraeke, professor of ori¬ental languages and civilizationsand chairman of the committeesaid that “Today we need a kindof specialization other than thosebased in things like economics. Weneed something more integrating,like the concept of geographicalarea.” The Far Eastern committee,he said, is an answer to this prob¬lem.The committee considers the FarEastern area to include China,Central Asia, Japan and Korea.This area overlaps with the South-East Asia area committee, saidKraeke.Some of the projects undertakenby the committee, Kraeke ex¬plained, only require one facultymember along with his researchassistants. But he added those stu¬dies with a broader and more diversified scope may require sev¬eral members. In many studies theFar Eastern Committee workswith other committees when deal¬ing with complex problems.For example, Kraeke indicated,Carl Kraeling, professor of theOriental Instiute, is working on astudy of the Arabic transmissionof Oriental ideas into the West,in cooperation with the NearEastern area committee.The committee on Far EasternCivilization he explained, is pri¬marily interested in the mannerby which a modern culture growsout. of an old one. He indicatedthat the role of the family intraditional Chinese society in mod¬ern times was a topic the com-mitte would be apl to investigate.At present the committee isworking on six projects rangingfrom the impact of Far Easterncivilization on Europe during theRenaissance, to study of Commu¬nist Chinese foreign policy.Another problem which the Com¬mittee has undertaken is the stu¬dy being made by Hartwell, in¬structor of Chinese, study of eco¬nomic Development and Cul¬tural Change Primarily, the pro¬ject’s goal is to make availablesources on Chinese economics.Only recently was it realized thatChina had any. But China’s coaland iron industries were developedlong before, those in Europe.Even though much of the com¬mittee’s energy is spent on these research projects, Kraeke ex¬plained that since 1951 they haveoffered degrees to both undergrad¬uate and graduate students ineither the. humanities or socialsciences.The Committee, he added, doesnot give a PhD. “Beyond the MAwe feel you do need to specializein a particular aspect of the civili¬zation.”Kraeke pointed out that mostof the area committees do not givedegrees, “but just as we let ourPhD’s take their degrees in otherfields, so they let some of theirstudents take degrees with ourcommittee.”Area committees are not a newidea. Some at UC date back to1950, and their are several otheruniversities including Harvard andColumbia which also have similarcommittees. Columbia’s commit¬tee’s differs from Chicago’s pri¬marily in terms of organization,while Kraeke feels that Harvard’scommittee on East Asian studiesis similar to the Far Eastern Civi¬lization area committee at UC.The committee is financed bythe University, the Ford Founda¬tion, and by grants from the fed¬eral government.There are more than 80 stu¬dents taking courses in Far East¬ern studies under the committee.Monday is the deadlinefor NDEA loan applications.Nov. 30, 1962 • CHICAGO MAROON • 5See end to segregated school aid Basketball season to openFederal grants and loansfor construction of dormi¬tories, cafeterias, and otherfacilities may no longer beavailable to segregated schools.President Kennedy's recently is¬sued order prohibiting the use offederal funds in the constructionof segregated facilities hasbrought about this change.Since the government beganlending and giving money to bothpublic and private institutions ofhigher education in 1950, many segregated southern schools havebuilt up their campuses with fed¬eral funds.Schools in the state of Mississi¬ppi, including the University ofMississippi, have received morethan $‘J1 million in the last twelveyears.The question that no govern¬ment official can answer flatlyis whether the order will actuallyend segregation at schools usingfederal money to improve theirphysical plants.Jack Bryon, a spokesman for theETES-VOUS ASSOCSE DANSUN BUREAU D'AVOCATS?Si tel est votre cas-posez-vous les questions suivantes:Advenant mon deccs, nion bureau versera-t-il a ina famille un nion tan t elairementspccifie?Advenant le deces d’un de me* associes, nionbureau versera-t-i! a sa famille un montantelairement specilie?Aurai-je un revenu de retraite qui me permet-tra tie inaintenir un train de vie satisfaisant?Si votre reponse a cliacune tie ces questions ne voussatisfait pas, vous voudrez certainement counaitre lesdetails relatifs a la protection qu’apporte, aux hominesd'affaires et de profession, la formule d’assurance-viemoderne de la Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada.Je serais heureux de vous aviser an sujet de Unites lesquestions d"assurance-vie qui out trait a la protectionde la famille et des affaires ainsi qu’avos annees de retraite. Pourquoi nepas me telephoner aujourd'hui meine?Ralph J. Wood, Jr., '48IN LaSALLE CHICAGO. ILL.FR. 2-2390 FA 4-6800SUN LIFE DU CANADA Housing and Home Finance agency,points out one legal complica¬tion raised by the executive orderis that it might not apply to all-white campuses because there areno Negroes on Campus to be dis¬criminated against.For instance, Bryan said: “Theregulations could require thatdorms built with federal funds beopen to all members of the studentbody. But. if you don’t have anyNegroes in the student body, thenhow can you say the dorms arebeing used to foster discrimina¬tion?'’Taking any action againstschools which have received fed¬eral money in the past; has beendefinitely ruled out. The agenciesInvolved, after Justice Departmentconsultations, said the order wouldeffect only those schools apply¬ing for federal grants or loans af¬ter November 20 — the day thePresident announced the order.The major responsibility for de¬termining enforcement of the orderwill bo held by the President’sCommittee on Equal Opportunityin Housing. This group was cre¬ated with the issuance of the exe¬cutive order, but no one has beendesignated to the panel. by Richard EpsteinSports editorThe University of Chicagobasketball team under CoachJoe Stampf will open its 1962-63 season Saturday nightagain^J Iowa Central at StaggField House.The prospects for an improvedteam are good. Three reasons forthis are C.ene Erikson. Lary Liss,and Joel Zemans. These threeplayers are entering their fourthseason of play.Erikson, a six-foot eight-inchcenter, is an improved shooter anda strong rebounder, Zemans, anall-around playmaker, shooter,and rebounder, was chosen LittleAll-American Honorable Mentionhis second year, the same yearthe Maroons made it to the quar¬terfinals of the small collegeNCAA Tournament. Liss, theother member of the trio, is theteam’s top shooter. With his onehand jump shot hitting, the Ma¬roons will collapse any zone de¬fense.Other players who should con¬tribute to the success of theMaroons are Mike Winters, andJohnny North. Up from the fresh¬man team are Ed Cufter, ScottieITALIAN FIESTA PIZZERIAspaghetti 9 beef 9 sausage and meatballsandwiches • shrimp pizzaFree Delivery Over $2.00MU 4-1014,1015 1427 East 67th SL Smith, Steve Shucter and JeffKaplan. These players should givethe Maroons the reserve powerwhich was lacking in last year’steam.The Maroons’ style of play thisyear will not differ much fromthe past. Great stress has beenput on developing a good defenseto accompany a deliberate offense.This combination has proven tobe a winning one for CoachStampf’s teams.Last season these tactics en¬abled the Maroons to lead top-ranked Bradley, a “run and shoot’’team 20-16 at half-time, beforefaltering under the pressure of afull-court press in the secondhalf.The admission at home gamesis free for students, faculty mem¬bers and employees of the Uni¬versity. The “B’’ game will beginat 6 pm.Teams set for finalsThough plagued by personalfouls, CTS managed to bolda small lead until the finalminutes of the game whenthe Unknowns came on hard. Thelead changed hands three timesbefore the Unknowns pulled awayin the last minutes to u’in 39-35.Smith was high man with 13points for CTS. Gustafson andMirkus led the victors with eighteach.The Outlaws had it easier,gaining the other berth in thefinals of the Intramural Pre-Christmas Basketball tournament,when Ids failed to show' for theirsemi-final match.In the consolation bracket Hen¬derson South romped over Salis¬bury 53-19, Phi Delta Thetatrounced Dodd “B" 47-19, and PhiSi “B” stopped East II 41-25.Dodd "A” moved to the semi-finalson a bye.21 Great Tobaccos make 20 Wonderful Smokes!CHESTERFIELD KING tastes great, smokes mild. You get21 vintage tobaccos grown mild, aged mild and blended mild,and made to taste even milder through its longer length.CHESTERFIELD KINGTobaccos too mild to filter! pleasure too good to miss! ORDINARY CIGARETTESCHESTERFIELD KINGmeans milder tasteThe smoke of a Chesterfield Kingmellows and softens as it flowsthrough longer length... becomessmooth and gentle to your taste. I Classified |Need more space for children ? Fencedyard? The privacy of a house? 6 rooms,stone & brick townhouxes on campusadjoining law school. Available now,$17,750. PL 2-4875.3 rm apt. 6757 Jeffrey. HY 3-5303after 6.Shoreline apts. 5135 S. Kenwood offers1 to 3 rm efficiency units. Attrac¬tively appointed, month to month occu¬pancy. $80 and up. Elevator, fireproofbuilding, manager on premises.BECKER “Mexico” AM-FM car radio,cost $300, sell $125.ROLLEIFLEX. 2.SE incl. case, lightmeter. Cost $370, sell $160.BROWN, strobe, cost $124. sell $75.CANON 100mm, sell $100.Electric typewriter. MU 4-1090.For sale: 1958 Morris. Minor conv. exc.running shape. I will take best offer.BU 8-3133.1961 Triumph stat. was:., low mileage,exc. cond. Foreign stud, needs money,must sell. $850 or best offer. BU 8-0056Wanted: furn. house or apt. 2 or 3bedim., for Dec. Mrs. O'Farrell, ext.375, days, 239-259G eves.Garage wanted thru March, near 50thand Ellis, preferably heated. MI 3-6000LAS VEGAS. PHOENIX, SEATTLE.Drive 1963 cars, leave anytime, gasallowance, liberal time. 5506 S. LakePark. PL 2-3020.Share a cab to O’Hare Field. December12-16. Call DO 3-4376 this evening.Woodlawn tutoring project volunteersplease turn in progress reports to PamProcuniar. SG office.Who says Old Spice ain’t nice?Wanted: 2 tickets for Baez, Call 7529615.Day's work. Exc. ref. HY 3-6926.IBM E xecutive typewriter; StenorettDictaphone letters dictated via phone:photo-stats, etc. Call HY 3-3149 after5:00 pm. Let Lindy address and mailyour personal and business Xmas cards.TAhSAM-YkNCHINESE • AMERICANRESTAURANTSpecializing inC ANTONESE ANDAMERICAN DISHESOPEN DAILY11 A.M. to 10:30 P.M.ORDERS TO TAKE OUT1318 East 63rd St. BU 8-9018ft • CHICAGO MAROON • Nov. 30. 1962♦. ik (C*r ' (.tf. «9Wilde comedy offered at Int HouseA new theatre group willmake its debut tonight inOscar Wilde’s The Import¬ance of Being Earnest at theInternational House Theatre. Theplayers come from Australia, thePhilippines, Egypt, India, and thePS, and call themselves, approp¬riately enough, the InternationalPlayers. This review was on theirfirst effort and based on the dressrehearsal. The show will playevery night this weekend at 8:15.Tickets are reasonable, $1.The Importance of Being Earn-<-st is the most perfect comedyever written, and hardly requirescomment here, though if by chanceyou aren’t familiar with it, youshould remedy the matter immed¬iately. It’s necessary culture. Theproduction directed by Joe Ehren-berg, is correctly conceived forUT decision upheldThe US Court of Appealsupheld yesterday an earlierdecision by the US DistrictCourt regarding the construc¬tion of the Chicago campus of theUniversity of Illinois (UI) andthus removed one of the legal ob¬stacles to breaking ground inearly 1963, as scheduled.A suit had been Brought to bearon UI, charging that the desig¬nated area was first set aside forslum clearance, then given overto UI in hearings that lacked fulltostimony. There are 104 propertyowners and 144 residents who areacting as plaintiffs in the suit.These people had moved out, withthe intent to move back when theclearance was completed. Whenthey attempted to do this, the suitasserted, they found themselvesdeprived of their property.George W. Overton, counsel forthe plaintiffs, said that the casewill probably be further appealedto the US Supreme Court, butthat, before this can be done, hewill have to confer with hisclients.There is also a case in the statecourts which opposes condemna¬tion proceedings being broughtagainst numerous properties inthe area. Final decisions in botheases must be reached before thecity can provide a clear propertytitle to the university. there is only one style for Earnestand a hokey interpretation wouldhave been an impertinance. Prob¬lems of this production arc thekind that go with lack of moneyand experience. Actually themoney problem is gotten aroundvery cleverly. The set by MarilynWage is ingenious and tasteful,marred only by InternationalHouse’s unfortunate black cur¬tain. The play has been done inmodern dress, probably for reasonsof economy rather than interpre¬tation, and it matters very little.Except for Cecily Cardew’s look¬ing like a drab Yankee teenager,everybody is dressed in the spiritif not the period of the piece.Everybody also acts in the spiritof the play, though they aren’t atease in the style. Their English,while it doesn’t always roll trip¬pingly off the tongue, is clear andWilde’s wonderful lines don’t getlost.Laila Abou Saif plays a fineLady Bracknell, she is an impec¬cable dragoneer. Marilyn Wageas Miss Pilgrim, and Tom Harrisas both butlers capture the devil¬try in their lines without break¬ing the requisite sobriety of theirexpressions. Joyce Tetrev is a preciousGvvendelyn. Joe Ehrenberg, whodirects the play, also plays Alger¬non with appropriate glibness.Navin Parekh, from India, ablyhandles the role of Jack, and TomSyuquia is very funny as thechaste Reverend Chasuble. GraceRusso misses the coyness and ar¬tificiality in the part of Cecilythough this may be a question ofinterpretation. A moderately suc¬cessful beginning for the new In¬ternational Players.Carol HorningLiberian art showThe American Friends of Liberiaan organization wTiich aids Liber¬ian students in adjusting to lifein America, will present an artexhibition this Sunday at 6 pmat International House.Pieces to be shown includeworks in wood, ivory, and metal,as well as native dancing anddrumming exhibits. Slides will alsobe shown, and refreshments serv¬ed. The art pieces in the exhibi¬tion come not only from Liberia:Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ghana, andother countries are also repre¬sented.Admission will be free at theshow.‘r U of M on probationThe University of Missis¬sippi was found guilty Wed¬nesday of “having bowed topolitical interference” inhandling the James Meredith inte¬gration case this fall, and was<s placed on strict probation becauseof it by the Southern Associationof Colleges and Schools.Six other institutions were alsoplaced on probation. They are:Mississippi State; the Universityof Southern Mississippi; DeltaState; Jackson State; AlcornA&M, and Mississippi State Col¬lege for Women.The association found that Gov¬ernor Ross Rarnett was guilty ofinterference when he usurped theposition of registrar to preventMeredith from registering in Sep¬tember. 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Snap it offand wash away dirt, stubble, and germs. For toughCet the new Schick Easy Shine Electric Shoe Shiner for a bootblack shine in 60 seconds 1 & regular beards i’or sensitive skinSCHICK(S) mai4 orfNoy. 30, 1?62 • CHICAGO MAROON • 7Nove evaluates Soviet economy Africa confab tomorrowThe Soviet economic systemlends itself to a high degreeof resource mobilization forpriorities and a high continualrate of investment. This was theview of Professor Alec Nove inhis address to the faculty-studentseminar of the department ofeconomics last evening.Speaking to the largest atten¬dance at the seminar this quarter,Nove went on to point out thatthese priorities were enforced bya high degree of centralizationand control and state controls overthe material rewards of producers.Unlike the United States, whichin some respects has a surplus ofengineering manpower, that is,people with great ingenuity whoare also trained, the USSR has ashortage of such people. Theirsystem allows the placing of suchpeople in those areas the plannersconsider most vital.Historical evidence indicatesthat the Russian system has hadsubstantial success in meeting itsgoals of building an industrialrival to the US. However, a secondexamination of the evidenceforces one to question whetherplanning or the particular indus-have been more responsible,has been more responsible._ Great success has been met within such things as steel, oil. elec¬trical power, cement, coal, andpig-iron production. All of theseindustries share two significantthings, though: first, they are in¬dustries which produce homogen¬eous products for the most part;second, they are also industrieswhich traditionally have lentthemselves to either nationaliza¬tion or monopolization in theWest.Even Krushchev, in a l'ecentaddress, acknowledges that plan¬ning in such industries is suchthat “even a blind horse can’t gowrong.” This is not quite the casein such things as the chemical in¬dustry which is proving a thornin the side of Russion develop¬ment.Nove went on to point out thatthe system has incentives built in,which lead to resource waste byencouraging the production ofneedless intermediate goods whoseproduction is reflected in the grossfigures of which the Russians areso proud.Experience in the Stalin erawhich made secondary goals inhousing, agriculture, etc. be ex¬pendable in favor of industrialexpansion, has led Kussia to favorincreased decentralization. Suchdecentralization shows itself to beboth indispensible and impossible.Against the liabilities of thebureaucracy necessary for central¬ization are the liabilities of lackof coordination and regionalisminherent in decentralization.Being unaware of the externaleffects on other regions of theirtoll: DRIVING■ SCHOOL* 12 HOUR COURSEi $41.95; METROPOLITAN: DRIVING SCHOOLi 785-0772 own actions, regional planners cansubstantially distort the desiredproduction program, and in alllikelihood, will.Realizing this, there has been,a move toward recentralizationsince 1957, with the biggest stepbeing taken by Krushchev justlast week.Prior to 1957 all of the “bosses”were in Moscow. Under the re¬form of that time the regionalcouncils were supposed to becomethe bosses while in actuality theywere operationally not allowedthis function. A very high num¬ber of ministries developed, whoseplans should have matched.However, through such meansas having to requisition resourcesin July without getting produc¬tion quotas until December, asituation of warehouses full ofuseless quota-meeting productiondeveloped. There was, and still Is,no responsibility for coordination.' foreign or hospital & clinicdealers in:• mg• morris• austin• triumph5340 s. lake parkdo 3-0707service clinic: 2306 e. 71stmi 3-3113bob testermg psychiatrist Nov. 2a,$41,104, SSO.OOO.40,000,30,000.20,000.10,000. This has. gone to extremes ofdifferent regions working withdifferent designs and in a countrywith complete nationalizationthere is a high degree of partsand system interchangeability.Some of the solutions offeredby some Russian economists in¬volve the use of computers andmore decision-making at the en¬terprise level. They envision thecentral instruction coming throughchanges in the state-administeredprice levels and incentives. Thus,they believe the “right things”will be done because they areprofitable.On the other side of the ques¬tion a group of conservatives isnow developing, w'hich believesthat such a system would be anabandonment of the October Rev¬olution in the sense that a greatamount of the central planningwhich is desired would be opera¬tionally lost.At the very least, Nove findsthat the situation in Russia is now-one which allows and encouragesa great deal of open discussion ofthese problems which would nothave been possible previously. A day long conference on “The African Nations in theUN: Their Problems and Roles” will be held at RosaryCollege this Saturday. The conference, sponsored by theCollegiate Council for the United Nations (CCUN), is thethird annual discussion on the — —structure and problems of the area; the only requirement is anUnited Nations. interest in the United Nations._t , , . The cost of the conference is $1.50University of Chicago students . . ** per person. Lunches may be pur-will conduct one of several panels chased at the conference for «p-and discussions during mornfng proximately $1. Registration willsessions. Our panel, consisting of be from 9 to 10 am at Rosar>Ralph Meyberg. Pam Procuninr, oi|ege, 7900 W. Division Street,Bruce Rappaport, and Mike Wol- River Forest, Illinois.Ian, will be moderated by Terri For further informationi or prc_• conference reading material con-The conference is opened to all tact Raye Havens, BU 8-6610, ext.college students in the Chicago 1125, or Terri Ray, Student Gov-ikarborn AT DIVISION"a Japanese movie that isreally great"— Time MagazineYoiimbo iiUt3Chicago's most unusualtheatre, offering onlythe finest foreign anddomestic films.STUDENTSTak* advantage of thespecial discount avail¬able to you. 90£ any dayexcept Saturday. ShowI.D. card to the cashier.As of November 28th theUniversity contributions tothe Crusade of Mercy to¬taled $41,104, or 82% ofthis year's goal.EYE EXAMINATIONFASHION EYEWEARCONTACT LENSESDr. Kurt RosenbaumOptometrist' v1132 E. 55th Streetof University Ave.HYde Park 3-8372Student and FacultyDiscount The one lotion that’s cool, exciting-brisk as an ocean breezeThe one-and-only Old Spice exhilarates..Ogives you that great-to-be-alive feeling... refreshes after every shave...adds to your assurance...and wins feminine approval every time. Old Spice After Shave Lotion,1.25 and 2.00 plus tax.@JW(§/?ice - SHU LTONthe shave lotion men recommend to other men !SCANDINAVIAN IMPORTS—1542 E. 57th ST.YOU TOO,ARE INVITED TO COME BROWSE AND COMPARE. 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