U€ lies coma a long waysince Hie day in 1893 whenthe photograph below re¬corded the preparations forconstruction of the Midwayplaisance as part of theColumbian exposition.UC announces building plansThe University of Chicagoyesterday announced majorbuilding plans that will pushthe estimated total value of itsNew Hyde Park campus facilitiesto more than $259,000,000 by 1964.Vice Chancellor John L Kirk¬patrick, who co-ordinates univer¬sity planning efforts, said that theexpansion program over the nextfive years will boost the campusinvestment by nearly 25 per centThe existing valuation is approx¬imately $210,000,000."Within five years, we estimatethat the value of our campusbuildings and facilities, at today’sprice level, will be more than aquarter billion dollars," Kirkpat¬rick said. “As a result, the Uni¬versity of Chicago will have oneof the most valued plants devotedexclusively to higher education inAmerica."A comprehensive report to theUniversity’s Board of Trustees byKirkpatrick said that “the expan¬sion plan provides dramatic andconcrete evidence of the univer¬sity’s faith in the future of theNew Hyde Park-Kenwood commu¬nity where the Midway campus islocated."“Nearly $50,000,000 of majorconstruction in the area is plannedduring the next five year periodon UC projects alone,” said Kirk¬patrick.An additional $131 million hasbeen pledged in government andprivate funds for the universityneighborhood in the biggest com¬munity renewal program of itstype in the nation.“We can now see a total of$180 million being invested in thecampus and its community in thenear future," Kirkpatrick said.“When the results of this massiveexpenditure are seen, we are surethat still many other major im¬provements will become feasible."Under the plans already in ef¬fect, “the Midway plaisance cre¬ated for the pleasure-seekers ofthe Columbian exposition of 1892is emerging as a magnificent mileof unparalleled architecture hous¬ing world-renowned scholarly,teaching and research activities,”Kirkpatrick said.In the past 10 years, more than$38 million has been spent onnew buildings and renovating ex¬isting structures in the campusarea. The $49.5 million budgeted forthe next five years provides for aCenter for Continuing education,single and married student hous¬ing, new Graduate school of busi¬ness facilities, new hospital unitsand other buildings for more un¬dergraduate and graduate teach¬ing and research.Kirkpatrick said the expansionprogram stems from three needs:• The anticipated increase in en¬rollment in the 1960s and 1970s.• The expectation of a growingresidential college with more andmore ef the university’s studentsin the years ahead living on ornear the campus during the schoolyear.• The national need for expand¬ing research facilities both for thebiological and physical sciencesand for the humanities and thesocial sciences.During the 15-year period from1949 to 1964, Kirkpatrick added,the University of Chicago willhave spent some $87 million innew construction, renovation andneighborhood improvement.The University of Chicago’s pro¬gram includes:1949-19591. New campus construction,$30 million;2. Renovation of campusbuildings, $2.1 million;3. Neighborhood improve¬ment, $6 million.1959-19611. New campus constructionunderway now, $8.4 million;2. N e w campus constructionplanned by 1964, $30 mil¬lion;3. Renovation and demolition,$9 mililon;4. Neighborhood improve¬ment, $2 million.Kirkpatrick pointed out that$131 million in public and privatefunds are being funneled into theHyde Park-Kenwood neighbor¬hood through the urban renewalprogram and the expansion plansof other Hyde Park institutions.This is in addition to the Univer¬sity of Chicago’s expansion plans.“I would venture to guess thatno area comparable to Hyde Parkin size has ever been the recipientof so much money in major con¬struction and development in sucha short span of years,” he said.The more than $180 million be¬ing spent or to be spent in the819-acre Hyde Park-Kenwood area during the next five years breaksdown as follows:• University of Chicago, $49.5million (in addition to $38 millionin the past decade).• Federal Government. $34.6 mil¬lion. • City of Chicago and State ofIllinois, $14.6 million.• Private, including new con¬struction, rehabilitation of exist¬ing dwellings, and expansion byinstitutions other than the Uni¬versity of Chicago, $81.6 million. “UC funds for neighborhoodimprovement have included ex¬penditure for area planning, facul¬ty housing loans and married stu¬dents housing. It is difficult topredict how much UC will spend(See 'Building/ page 3)ChicagoUniversity of Chicago, June 12, 1959 315,000 return to campusIn this 24 page issue1 *“ pageBuilding plans 1Alumni program 1Alumni news 2Editorials ....4, 5State of American education supplement. . . . .7-18Review of year by Lance HaddixApproximately 5,000 alumnireturning to campus this weekhave discovered many new as¬pects about their University aswell as the enjoyment that comeseach year from their renewingold acquaintances during this Re¬union week.The most prominent additionto the University plant is the newLaw school building on the Mid¬way. The Law school, the newdormitories, the natural sciencelaboratories on Stagg field, andthe CTS dormitory now underconstruction are all being seenfor the first time by many UCgraduates.Reunion week's activities start¬ed last Tuesday with the Gradu¬ate School of Business associa¬tion’s annual dinner held at theSheraton - Blackstone hotel. Thespeaker at the dinner was DavidRockefeller, Vice-Chairman of theboard, Chase Manhattan bank,and trustee of the university.The Medical school also helda Senior Scientific session lastTuesday at which reports on orig¬inal research by senior medicalstudents were presented in inter¬ested alumni.On Wednesday, Julian Levi ad¬dressed the Owl and Serpent con¬vention held at the Quadrangleclub. Also held at the Quadrangleclub on that evening was the PhiBeta Kappa dinner at which theinitiation of candidates and theelection of officers took place.The speaker at the dinner wasSamuel K. Allison, distinguishedservice professor in the depart¬ment of physics and the EnricoFermi Institute.At the Shoreland hotel lastWednesday, the medical alumniheld a banquet honoring the 1959graduating class and the fiftiethanniversary of Rush Medical col¬lege. Also announced were theMD degrees with honors and the Borden award. The presentationsof 50th anniversary testimonialsdistinguished service awards, andthe medical alumni key were cli¬maxed by a speech by Dr. Steph¬en Rothman who chose as histopic, “Good old days in Billingshospital.”Sir Charles Doods, professor ofbiochemistry at the MiddlesexHospital Medical school in Lon¬don, spoke on the subject of stil-bestrol at a lecture on Thursdayat Billings. The afternoon alsosaw the alumni-varsity tennismatch, the alumni-varsity base¬ball match, and the Order of theC dinner.Today, returning alumni canmeet at Ida Noyes hall at ten amfor tours of the Argonne Cancerhospital and Mothers Aid pavilionas well as Lying-in hospital, theUNIVAC and the Enrico FermiInstitute for nuclear studies.This afternoon at 1:30, “Worldpopulation pressures” will be thetopic of a lecture held at Breastedhall. Speakers will be Philip Hau¬ser, Norton Ginsburg, D. GaleJohnson, Manning Nash, andHerluf Standskov. Also offered at4:30 pm is a neighborhood tour.A bus will leave Reynolds cluband tour the Hyde Park areapassing the site of the new HydePark redevelopment center.Class reunions get under waythis afternoon: 1909—Quadrangleclub; 1914—University club (menonly); 1918—International house;1919—Coffee shop; 1924—Winder-mere hotel; 1934—Quadrangleclub; 1939—Burton-Judson; 1944—new residence hall.This evening, the Faculty Rev¬els will be held in Mandell hall.Tonight’s Revels are in the formof a “Twin Bill" featuring high¬lights from “We’re unique,” thefaculty production this year andthe entire “Pied Piper,” a musicalreview written by Robert Ashen-hurst.Tomorrow there will be moretours of the campus starting at 10 am, an Emeritus Club recep¬tion in Reynolds club lounge at11 am, an alumni luncheon in theNew Residence hall at noon towhich Fran Moore will be pre¬sented as senior speaker, and anAll-Alumni luncheon in Hutchin¬son commons where Alumni cita¬tions will be awarded, the alumnigift will be announced, and And¬rew W. Cornier, ’26, executive as¬sistant to the Secretary-Generalof the UN, will speak.In the afternoon, the Geogra¬phy Alumni luncheon will be heldin the Quadrangle club, and theAlumni school will present fourlectures: “Dr. Zhivago and Rus¬sian literature” by George Bob-rinskoy, professor and chairmanin the department of linguistics—Law South, “Foul play and moth¬er love” by Eckhard H. Hess, as¬sociate professor of psychology—Social Science 122, “Why the raincame” by Roscoe R. Braham, as¬sociate professor of meteorology—Eckhart 133, and “Impact ofthe St. Lawrence Seaway on Chi¬cago” by Harold M. Mayer, pro¬fessor of geography — Rosen-wald 2.Later in the afternoon, buseswill leave Reynolds club betweenfour and five for a neighborhoodtour, and alumni open house willbe held at the Quadrangle clubfrom four until six, the Nu Pi Sig¬ma reception will be held in IdaNoyes hall at 4:30, the class of1949 will hold their reunion at themain quadrangle in the circle,the class of 1914 reunites at theDel Prado hotel, and Louis Co¬wan, ’31, president of CBS TV,will address the communicationdinner in the quadrangle club atsix.Tomorrow evening, alumniweek will come to a close withthe 49th Annual Interfraternitysing at 8:45 pm in Hutchinsoncourt. The director will be Wil¬liam N. Flory, ’48. and the asso¬ciate director will be Joseph J.Wagner, '50.John F. Dille is new prexyJohn F. Dille is prexyJohn F. Dille, Jr., newspaper, television and radio executive in Indiana, has been namedpresident-elect of the UC Alumni association, it was announced today.His election to head the 55,000 alumni marked the first time the president will be a resi¬dent beyond the immediate Chi-cago area.Elected vice president of theassociation was Mrs. Charles G.Higgins, formerly of Oak Park, Illinois, and now a resident ofMichigan city, Indiana.Arthur R. Cahill, River Forest,Illinois, current president of the'59 class gives giftThe graduating class of 1959has revived an old campus tradi¬tion (as old as any "tradition” inthe College) by award a class giftto the University. This tradition,which has provided us with in-numerable trees, fountains,plaques and the C-bench, has longfallen into disuse.This year, however, a students’committee for the 1959 class giftwas formed and solicited fundsfrom the graduating class; in¬ stead of buying more trees, thecroup decided to present theiraward to a member of the under¬graduate faculty for excellence inteaching.Sixty names were placed innomination, and from these theclass chose Dr. Jack McClurg ofthe natural science and OMP-natural science staffs to receivethe award, which was presentedat the Awards assembly Wednes¬day, June 10.Grad student honoredUC Wednesday night presentedthe Borden award for outstandingoriginal research by a graduatingmedical student to Steven A. Ar¬men trout.He is the son of Walter W.Armentrout, professor of agricul¬tural economics at West Virginiauniversity, Morgantown.The $500 award was conferredat the annual banqdet of the UCMedical Alumni association at theHotel Shoreland.Armentrout studie sthe actionof an enzyme, adenine transami¬nase, in yeast cells, thereby shed-din glight on similar processes in human and animal cells.Armentrout came to the Uni¬versity of Chicago in 1950 at theage of 17. As an early entrant, hehas been workin gon his MD andPhD degrees at the same time andwill receive his medical degreeJune 12. Armentrout will intern atUniversity hospital in Cleveland,Ohio.In extracurricular activities, hehelped organize and is presidentof the Billings society of Medicalhistory, a student organization,and is a mmber of Alpha OmegaAlpha, honorary medical frater¬nity.WERT • VALUE • VALOR< In.any language there’s value In living at the Versailles. Cheer-ful surroundings, for refined people who appreciate a quiet,► restful, home-like atmosphere. Elegant hotel rooms and 2‘iroom apartments tastefully decorated, furnished or un-furnished, fnmem at attractive rates. Parcel receiving. Doorman, Night Watchman;maid and linen service if desired. Rentals as low as $65 per month.C *t/cxA &tite& ^* 5234 DORCHESTER FA 4-0200 —’VACLIA • VALOR • VA association, announced the resultsof the elections. The new officerswill take office July 1st for one-year terms.Their election is the first timetwo Hoosier residents have heldboth top posts in the Alumni asso¬ciation’s 67-year history.Dille is president of Truth Pub¬lishing company, which publishesthe Elkhart Indiana) Truth, adaily afternoon newspaper, andoperates WSJV, a South Bend-Elkhart television station.He also is president of TiuthRadio corporation, which operatesradio station WTRC in Elkhart.He heads the corporation whichoperates WKJG-TV and radio sta¬tion WKJG in Fort Wayne, Indi¬ana.Dille, who lives in Elkhart, In¬diana, was granted a BA degreein 1935 and an MA degree in com¬munication in 1956. Alum has answer . . .(Cambridge, Mass.) —Harvard university, trying to raise$82,000,000, informed graduates they could have a professor¬ship named in their honor by donating $400,000, a housedining hall for $275,000 or a house library for $100,0001One young alumnus replied as follows:"The present condition of my finances, doubtless due to therecession, does not permit me to avail myself of any of the bargainsin the medium price range. I enclose a check in the amount of $5and request that my name be inscribed with chalk on the floor of thesouth entry of Weld hall.”#Fac revels tonightThe UC Alumni association will be presenting a “Twin Bill’*of highlights from past Faculty Revels productions on June12 at 8:30 pm in Mandel hall.The entertainment will be started by a show entitled "ThePied Piper” written by Robert Ashenhurst. Next will followscenes from "We’re Unique” the most recent review of theRevels written by Ashenhurst, Michael Braude, Arthur Fried¬man, Shirley Genther, Edward Rosenheim, Robert Streeter,and Alex Sutherland.Mrs. A. J. Morin, Publicity manager for "Twin Bill,” an¬nounces that essentially the same cast as seen before in theseproductions will appear again.Tickets are available at the Quadrangle club, HY 3-8601*$1.50.Cordier, Kelly get medalsAndrew W. Cordier, top-ranking United Nations official, and Mervin J. Kelly, retiredchairman of Bell Telephone laboratories, have been awarded the Alumni medal of UC.The awards, the highest UC Alumni association can bestow, were announced by ArthurR. Cahill, president of the association.Cordier and Kelly will accept the medals at a special all-University luncheon tomorrow, in Hutchin¬son commons.Cordier, No. 2 man in the United Nations secretariat, will be the luncheon speaker. Now a residentof Great Neck, New York, Cordier earned his master s degree in 1923 and his doctor’s degree in 1926at UCKelly who lives in Short Hills, New Jersey, received his PhD from the University of Chicago in1918. He retired last March after 41 years with the Bell Telephone system and currently is a con¬sultant to the presidents of International Business Machines corporation and Bausch and Lomb Op¬tical company.The Alumni medal is awarded for distinction in some field of specialization or for service to societyor for both. Established in 1941, the medal has been given to 38 outstanding alumni ranging from thenForeign Aid administrator Paul Hoffman to Biblical scholar Edgar J. Goodspeed.Cordier helped found the United Nations. He was technical consultant to the US delegation at theSan Francisco conference in 1945 and later went to London during his two years as an expert oninternational security with the US State department.Cordier was chairman of the department of History and Political science from 1924 to 1941 at Man¬chester college, North Manchester, Indiana, where he received his bachelor’s degree.Kelly is one of the nation’s leaders in industrial research.During and after World War II, he directed Bell Telephone laboratories extensive research and de¬velopment projects for the Armed Forces. He becam executive vice president of the Laboratories in1944, president in 1951 and chairman of the board in January 1959.“How can I be sureyou've got some Camels V More buxom blondes withshipwrecked sailors insiston Camels than any othercigarette today. It standsto reason: the best tobaccomakes the best smoke. TheCamel blend of costly to¬baccos has never beenequalled for rich flavor andeasygoing mildness. Nowonder Camel is the No. 1cigarette of all!Leave the fads andfancy stuff to landlubbers...Have a realcigarette -have a CAMELB. J. *«*. Co. .Wiiutoa-Solos. M C.2 • CHICACO MAROON • June 12, 1959■ - , ■ — 1 ■ ■ — , !!■■■■ — HOBBY HOUSE RESTAURANTwe specialize inRound-O-Beef and Waffles 1342Open from Down to Down east 53 st.Jimmy'sand the University RoomRESERVED EXCLUSIVELY FOR UNIVERSITY CLIENTELEFifty Fifth and Woodlawn Are.Universal Army StoreHeadquarters for sport and work wearFlop pocket wash & weor ivy league trousers — Wash fir wear dressshirts — comping equip. — Complete line of keds footwear — trenchcoots — luggage and trunks.1144 East 55th st. DO 3-9572_10 % reduction with this couponRANDELLBeauty and Cosmetic ShopMISS MARIE SELWA(formerly of the College Beauty Shop)has joined our expert stoff.KITTY, HELEN, and ILSA ?re,as always, ready to graciouslyServe You.Enjoy our Special Professional Services of Tinting,Permanent Waving, and Creative Coiffures at mod¬erate prices. Mrs. Brllie Treganza, Prop.S7M HARPER FA 44H7Building plans are told(from page 1)during the next live years forneighborhood improvement, but itwill probably match or top ourprevious investment, althoughonly $2 million is at present ear¬marked," Kirkpatrick said."Just as urban renewal ischanging the face of Hyde Park,so the new construction by UC hasc hanged and will radically changethe face of the University’s cam¬pus from 55th street to 6lst street.V» The south side of the Midwayalone would today be unrecog¬nizable to someone who had notvisited the campus for severalyears.“By 1964, the Midway on bothsides will be a magnificent cul¬tural mile both in its buildingsmd in the variety of educationaland research facilities housed inthese buildings," Kirkpatrick as¬serted.New buildings in the UC five-year future construction programure:• Center for Continuing educa¬tion, to be built facing the Mid¬way on 60th street between Ken¬wood and Kimbark avenues. Thebuilding will cost approximately$3,500,000 and is expected to becompleted early in 1961. EdwardD. Stone, internationally - famousarchitect who designed the Amer¬ican pavilion at the BrusselsWorld’s fair, is the architect.• Men’s Residence hall, secondunit (the first unit is now underconstruction) to be built on thesouth side of 55th street at Green¬wood avenue at a cost of $2,400.-000. The unit will house 332 stu¬dents. Harry Weese and associ¬ates are the architects. Comple¬tion is expected by 1963.• Institute for Computer re-searrh, to be located behind theUniversity's Research instituteson Ingleside avenue at a cost of’ about $650,000. The architects areSchmidt, Garden and Erikson.Construction is expected to becompleted by early 1960.• New US High School building,to be built in the center of theouadrangle formed by the currentUniversity High School buildingsat 59th street between Kenwoodand Kimbark avenues at a cost of$2,600,000. Perkins and Will arethe architects.• Southwest Hyde Park redevel¬opment plan, covering the areafrom Cottage Grove to Ellis ave¬nue between 55th and 56th streets.Existing buildings will be demol¬ished and modern apartmentbuildings for married Universitystudents will be constructed. Fivebuildings with 200 units areplanned initially, with two morebuildings with 100 units to beadded at a later date. Total cost,including demolition and construc¬tion will be about $5,500,000, ofwhich $3,000,000 will be for demo¬lition and $2,500,00 for new hous¬ing Initial staging for the pro¬gram. expected to be completedby 1964, will be announced short¬ly. Harry Weese and associates,architects, have designed prelim¬inary studies for the development.C • Extension to the Public Admin¬istration center at 1313 East 60thstreet. Preliminary studies for theextension, to cost $500,000 havebeen designed by Shaw, Metz andDolio, architects. Completion isexpected by late 1960.• New facilities for the Univer¬sity's School of Business, to belocated'on the south side of theMidway at Woodlawn and 60thstreet at an estimated cost of $3,-000,000. Currently in the planningstage, the facilities are expectedlo be completed by the end of thefive-year period. The architectural* firm of Pace associates is prepar¬ing a study of the future needsof the school.• A new three-story multi-milliondollar hospital to be built with agrant from the trustees of theChicago Home for Incurables. Thenew hospital, providing care forchronically ill and geriatric pa¬tients will be built south of 58thstreet and east of Drexel avenueto connect with the UC clinics.• Expansion of the University’sDivision of Biological sciences, including $10,000,000 for new re¬search buildings, and expansionof existing facilities, and $5,500,-00C for renovation and improve¬ments of existing facilities. Stillin the planning stage, the $15,-500,000 program is expected to becompleted by the end of 1964.• New facilities and/or renova¬tion for the William Rainey Har¬per Memorial library. Some $1,-500,000 will be spent for libraryimprovements. This program isexpected to be finished by 1964.• A new building to house theUC bookstore. The location of the$750,000 building is still indefinite,but it will be built within fiveyears.Kirkpatrick said that plans fora large part of the new construc¬tion are firm; others have not yetreached the drawing board:“We are confident that by theend of 1964, the University of Chi¬cago campus will include not onlythe structures we are planningnow, but others already under dis¬cussion.“The University’s constructionplans have a three fold purpose,"Kirkpatrick said. “One is the ne¬cessity of preparing for the greatincrease in student enrollmentexpected throughout the nationduring the next five years as thewartime baby crop comes to col¬lege age.“We expect that the demandsof the increasing number of un¬dergraduates will result in a dou¬bling of our current undergradu¬ate enrollment of about 2.200. Ourgraduate enrollment, now about4,500 in degree programs, willalso increase during the same pe¬riod.“Another purpose behind ourexpansion plans is the great needto provide additional housing inUniversity buildings for our pres¬ent students and for the greaternumber of future students. Thenew women’s residence halls andthe interns and residents apart¬ments, completed in 1958; themen’s residence halls now underconstruction, and the SouthwestHyde Park program for marriedstudents housing are all part ofthis long-range housing programfor our students," Kirkpatricksaid.“A third purpose is to keep pacewith our expanding needs for re¬search facilities in this age ofscientific discoveries. The currentconstruction and future plans ofour divisions of Biological andPhysical sciences indicate the im¬portance of this aspect of ourplans," he added.The $8,600,000 construction cur¬rently underway on the UC cam¬pus consists of: • The UC Law school, a $4,100,000building at 60th street and Uni¬versity avenue on the MidwayEero Saarinen and associates arethe architects. The school will befinished by this fall.• Men’s Residence hall firsthalf), a $2,400,000 structure on thesouth side of 55th street at Uni¬versity avenue. Harry Wiese andassociates are the architects. Com¬pletion is scheduled for summer,1960.• Outpatient building (Goldblattpavilion) of the UC clinics, a $1,-980,000 diagnostic center at 59thstreet and Drexel avenue, linkingBillings hospital and the ChicagoLying-In hospital. Ground wasbroken April 14th. Schmidt, Gar¬den and Erikson are the archi¬tects. Completion is expected bythe summer of 1960.• Renovations totaling $200,000to the anatomy and zoology build¬ings on 57th street between Ellisand University avenues, and toAbbott Memorial h a 1 1, on 58thstreet between Drexel and Ellisevenues. Abbott hall containsteaching and research laborato¬ries in pharmacology, physiology,and biochemistry.The $38 million constructionprogram in the UC campus areaduring the decade 1949 to early1959 included:1. Accelerator building, 19 4 9,$1,358,318.2. Administration building,1949, $1,632,638.3. American Meat InstituteFoundation building, 1949, $448,-471.4. Faculty housing, 1949, $1,-134,312.5. Nathan Goldblatt Memorialhospital, 1950, $2,263,608.6. Research Institutes building,1950, $5,275,006.7. Argonne Cancer Researchhospital, built and operated bythe University for the Atomic En¬ergy commission, 1951, $3,990,769.8. Billings Hospital Court build¬ing, 1951, $926,233.9. Midwest Inter-Library center,operated by 20 Midwest universitylibraries, 1951, $891,362.10. Shankman Orthogenicschool addition, 1952, $307,000.11. West Wing extension, Uni¬versity clinics, 1953, $4,289,916.12. Low Temperature laborato¬ry, 1957, $440,000.13. Proton Target station, Re¬search institutes, 1957, $300,000.14. Laboratory schools, renova¬tions, 1957, $200,000.15. Renovations in the divisionof Biological sciences, includingMothers’ Aid pavilion of the Chi¬cago Lying-In hospital, outpatientPROGRESSIVE PAINT & HARDWARE CO.“Hyde Park's Most Complete Paint £r Hardware Store"Wallpaper — Gifts — Tools Rented —■ HousewaresUC DiscountHY 3-3840-1 1154-58 I. 55th st.1411 E. 53rd FA 4-5525 —HY 3-5300Cafe Enrico & GalleryNEW POLICY• Open 7 nights• Closed tue. and wed. lunch• Featuring — Complete wine menuand Hors d'oeuvre TableCheese Small12“. .1.30 Combination . . . . Small12“.. .2.25Sausage . .1.65 Mushroom . . .2.00Anchovy . .1.65 Shrimp . . .2.25Pepper & Onion . . . .1.50 Bacon & Onion . . . .2.00Free Delivery on All Pizza lo UC Student*Attention Chow Hounds!Special every Tuesday night — all the fried chickenyou can eat . . . $1.95 New dorm excavation is pictured above. The dorm designed by Eero Saarineen was completed this year.surgery department and neuro¬surgery and psychiatry floors,Billings hospital, 1957-1958, $1,-586,000.16. Kent Chemical laboratory,renovations, 1958, $375,000.17. College Science laboratories,1958, $90,000.18. Women’s Residence halls, 1958, $4,000,000.19. Interns and Residents apart¬ments, 1958, $1,100,000.20. Charles Stewart Mott build¬ing (housing the Industrial Rela¬tions Center of the University)1959, $1,400,000.21. Neighborhood improvement,$6,000,000.This is a Hamilton Electric Watch. A tiny energy cellhas replaced the mainspring. It is a moreperfect watch, incisively accurate, patrician. Some dayyou, too, may give or be given a Hamilton.It will be a day you will never forgetA/7/l- 7~O/V-R creator of the world’s first electric watchJune 12, 1959 • CHICAGO MAROON • 3the Chicago maroonfounded — JS92Issued every Friday throughout the University of Chicago school year and intermittently during the summer quarter,by students of the University of Chicago. Inquiries should be sent to the Chicago Maroon, Ida Noyes hall, 1212 E. 59thStreet, Chicago 37, Illinois. Telephones: MI 3-0800, extensions, 3265 and 3266. Distributed without charge on campus.Subscriptions by mail, $3 per year. Office hoars: 1 to 5, Monday through Friday. Deadline for calendar material, 4 pm,Tuesday; deadline for advertising and editorial material, 3 pm Wednesday before publication.All unsigned editorial matter on this page represents the official opinion of the Chicago Maroon editorial board. Signededitorial material represents the individual opinions of the authors.editor's columnBetter communications neededThis week’s Gadfly brings out a most important problem, that of student, faculty adminis¬tration communication or shall we say, lack of it and the apparent disregard for the studentpoint of view.Gadfly says in regard to the new' dean of the College what is most regrettable is thatSimpson’s first statement should have been so much framed for the general public and so little framedfor student consumption ... it is hard to escape the belief, though, that the greatest weakness of theKimpton administration has been its poor student relations — not in the day to day contacts of studentadvising . . . but in the general pronunciations and explanations of policy. Curricular changes whichmight well have carried the considerable support of the student body . . . have been received with hos¬tility because of lack of a satisfactory explanation ... I do not understand why we have not had moreof this in the past. Let us at least hope that we can in the future have this sort of discussion . . . Thecentral sin of the beauty and brawn statement is that the dean must now expend time and energy get¬ting into the good graces of a large segment of the student body. Such loss of energy can perhaps beavoided in the future by more careful consideration of student sentiments. This is not to advocate prop¬aganda to the student body, but only to suggest that, while some things can be said briefly withouttheir being understood, other points had better be explained pretty thoroughly on any occasion onwhich they are to be brought up . . .”Gadfly’s point brings to mind the fact that there exist on campus now two groups that, if properlyused could bring about an excellent faculty student administration relationship. The groups are theChancellor’s council and the Dean of Student council.Both councils are composed of the heads of major campus organizations. When complete the groupsrepresent the widest cross section of student opinion and thought. There is no doubt that one or bothgroups would be more representative and effective in discussing faculty and administration ideasamong student groups than Student government has been in many areas.Traditionally the Chancellor's council meets once a year. The Chancellor gives a long and usuallyquite interesting commentary on matters that have largely been discussed in some form already. TheChancellor answers questions, but no real problem solving occurs. Things are discussed which alreadyhave been decided, one asks his question, drinks his beer, eats his hors’ douevre and goes home.The Dean’s council was a somewhat different matter this year. New social regulations were dis¬cussed with a group of presidents to test student Opinion. The Dean’s council met two or three timesand was no longer called upon.There should be no doubt that these councils, comprised of the most enthusiastic students on cam¬pus could be most effective in testing campus feeling within their own groups and effective also inpresenting their views and the views of their classmates to the faculty and administration. On theother hand also, the faculty would probably find a great deal less doubt and arguments from the stu¬dent body, if changes in curriculum, tuition, and ’’image” would be presented to them as well as tothe national public.It is indeed unfortunate that more of an attempt to make these groups a real service to the academiccommunity has not been pursued. It is to be hoped that the future will hold a position of increasedimportance on campus for these groups.Urge Festival participation ClassifiedsFor rentQuiet summer rooms for rent. $20 permonth. Kitchen facilities. Phi DeltaTheta. 5625 University, FA 4-9723.Sleeping rooms for men. $9 per week.57th & Dorchester. MU 4-8493.•Students’ dream come true!Lge, low-cost furn. 1 & 2 apts. In quietbldg, within 5 min. of Unlv. Rents from$25 to $60 per mo. Due to present stu¬dent-tenants leaving for summer, manyvacancies becoming avail, all thru June.Come & see for yourself.See mngr. at 6042 Ingleside: MU 4-5654 SHOULD EARN $SD0-$1400 BY SFPTPOSITIONS OPEN TO MALES OR ttMALES, FULL TRAINING GIVEN ifthe Idea of selling doesn’t make vo«tremble or quiver, apply Saturday afternoon, June 13 at 2 :30 pm. Previous ex'perlence helpful, although not necessary*Several UC students already workingSuite 210, Prudential Bldg. (Randolphand Michigan). ONLY In the event it i»impossible for you to attend, call Fridavor Saturday, RA 6-0980, RA 6-0981. *HYDE PARK THEATRE—part-time U5-25 hrs) evenings, men and women Ap¬ply In person evenings at the theatre53rd & Lake Park.Single, double and triple rms. for rent.Linen and maid service, use of kitchenand public rooms. June 14-Oct. 1, 105-$115. .Contact L. Lleberman, PL 2-9477.Small room, private bath, close to cam¬pus, co-op, IC. Kit. prlv. avail. Gradmade preferred. Clean. PL 2-1667. Girl to care for 15 month old daughterafternoons and some evenings. Roomboard and moderate salary. Must likekids, dogs and cats. Call Nye, PL 2-0496ServicesRooms for rent. $25-$45 per month. Eve¬ning meals. Phi Kappa Psl frat. 5555Woodlawn, PL 2-9704.21/2 BOOMSCheerful, newly decorated, attractivelyfurnished apt. Safe, fireproof deluxeelevator bldg. Doorman. Night watch¬man. Maid and linen service available.Reasonable monthly rate.VERSAILLES APARTMENTS5234 Dorchester FA 4-0200 Summer is a good time to start pianolessens. Experienced teacher with mas¬ter of music degree available. Refer,encee provided. Children a specialtyPhone PL 2-2787.SEWING — Alterations, hems, curtainsCall MU 4-3941.Home typing—thesis, dissertations etcN. MacDougall, OA 4-3240.Rm. with priv. bath In exchange foreither yard-work or KP. Faculty familyhome In quiet location. DR 3-4004 orext. 3870. Spofford.Spacious six room newly remodeledapartment, two bedrooms, llbrary-den,tiled bath, cabinet kitchen, wall to wallcarpeting, near school, park, transporta¬tion, shopping area. Call CA 7-4595after 6. PersonalWORKSHOP IN CREATIVE WRITINGPLaza 2-8377Wanted: Riders to NYC, 6/20 or 21. J.Dultn. ext. 2530, or FA 4-7906.Freund dande In Infernos estamoK’For sale5 rm. co-op apt. 2044 E. 72nd Place.Phone ST 2-3896, 9-5, for details.Assorted household furniture and ac¬cessories. Avail. June 13. MU 4-8704 eves.New Eng. bikes, discounts. MI 3-9048.Help wantedWanted: 2 men for YMCA camp staff.June 24 to August 21. Must have previ¬ous experience. Call BRunswlck 8-4380,Mr. Collins. Need furnitureHave apartment this summer and ornext year and need furniture? For sale,dining room set, large table, six chairs,small breakfront with glass slidingdoors, buffet, will sell as set or sepa¬rately, good condition. Also, bedroomfurniture, double bed. mattress, twochests of drawers, excellent condition.Very inexpensive. Call CA 7-4595 after 6Chiquita. welcome back, swoinols dara-does. enchalada, tequila, mambo, lemonmeringue. Ole!n.Wanted, light-weight bike, Call exi.2304 from 10 to 5 p m.Editor-in-chiefRochelle Meta Dubnow’ IT WOULD be impossible todeny that youth festivals haveserved and in all probabilitywill continue to serve as Commu¬nist front groups. Possibly theonly difference between thisyear’s festival and those in thepast is that this year’s event willtake place for the first time onfree soil.The American reaction has beento avoid participation, and theNSA has officially refused to en¬dorse the Festival at Vienna.However, it cannot be over¬looked that over 20,000 young peo¬ple from all over the globe willgather in Vienna. Primary empha¬sis will be directed toward delega¬tions from Africa and the MiddleEast, the so-called uncommittedregions. Communist propagand-dists will be hard at work to keepthis year’s festival within the“pink” traditions of years past,and their messages will be appeal¬ing. But so too can the messagesof individual American studentsabroad be appealing and persua¬sive. Hundreds of college studentswill be going abroad this,summer,many to Vienna. We cannot thinkof any group that could be morepersuasive than free, democratic-minded, well informed college stu¬dents.SENATOR Hubert Humphrey,a member of the Senate ForeignRelations committee has said, “Idon’t think we can afford to ig¬nore the thousands of young peo¬ple from all over the world whowill be assembled there, and whowill be subjected to endless propa¬ganda directed against Americaand democracy.”He cited the fact that reputablestudent organizations such as theNSA are refusing to send teamsof well-informed debaters to Vi¬enna because such a move wouldenhance the Festival’s prestige.The senator recommended that in¬dividual students travel to Vienna.He interjected two cautionsthough: • That "delegations” should be entirely unofficial, thatis without backing from studentassociations or clubs • that stu¬dents who attend should be versedin American foreign policy, do¬mestic problems and other issuessure to be raised at the conclave.The Youth festival offers aunique opportunity for presentingan honest picture of our society.Students interested in attendingthe Festival can obtain valuableinformation from the Independentservice for Information on theVienna Youth festival. This group,which has been outstandingly ac¬tive in presenting a clear pictureof the Festival, is offering orien¬tation sessions in New York cityduring the months of June andJuly. Their information programis designed to enable Americansto participate effectively in theFestival. In addition to existingmaterials on the nature of theFestival, they will have availablebackground information concern¬ing America. (They are now inthe process of preparing a ‘num¬ber of pamphlets on such topicsas segregation, higher education,disarmament and nuclear testingand major foreign policy issues.THEY will also offer reprintsof relevant newspaper and maga¬zine articles and material of suchorganizations as the Americanuniversities Field staff, Instituteof International education andthe Foreign Policy association.For those who plan to partici¬pate actively in the Festival, theorientation sessions will provideinformations on the fashion inwhich Festivals operate and onthe manner of engaging in mean¬ingful discussions with youngpeople from other countries. Thesessions should be invaluable. In¬quiries on the sessions may bedirected to Gloria Steinem orLeonard Bebchick, co-chairmen ofthe service at 345 East 46th Street,New York city.We join Senator Humphrey andthe Independent service in m-4 • CHICAGO MAROON • June 12. 1959 cotiraging individual participationin the Festival.Certainly personal contact be¬tween students from all parts ofthe globe can only smooth theway for more informed worldunderstanding. Staff for this issue: Joel Ashenfarb, Ozzie Conklin,Lance Haddix, Avimo RudereditorialUnfortunate that No C&G this year,more didn't hearnew dean speakAlan Simpson was greeted inhis new position as dean of theCollege with more interest, alarm,and nation-wide comment thanwas probably expected anywhereon campus, largely because of aparagraph tacked onto the end ofan official statement on the char¬acter of the new College; a state¬ment which almost everyone eith¬er resented, suspected or distort--ed. "Beauty and brawn as well as As most of you have heard by now, the Cap and Gown will notcome out at all this year.Originally, the publication date was postponed until next fall. How-ever, it now seems that due to what is officially termed a "failure tomeet the deadline on copy,” the series of Cap and Gown volumes willsuffer an embarrassing gap for at least the year of 1958-59.The reason for this is not readily apparent. The first impulse is toblame the editor for this year, but his plight is not entirely a resultof his inefficiency. Also to be taken into consideration is the failureof students here to take an active part in extracurricular activities.The Cap and Gown’s skeletal staff is just one example of the manyorganizations on campus which are ineffective or defunct due to lackof numbers. It appears that the greater part of the extra-academicgroups on,this campus are made up of the "fraternity set,” itself aweak voice in the total mass of students.brains will be welcome here, "said Whatever the reason for the lack of copy at the yearbook officeSimpson, and Time, Newsweek, this year — insufficient funds, inefficient management — we lookthe New York Times and manv upon ** as distasteful. But our expression becomes more pained when„ ... .. * . , it y we realize that this is significant of a general feeling of apathy amongother publications raised their students here. .eyebrows while many a UC stu¬dent raised their voices in protest.However, as one sat at the Hon¬ors assembly last Wednesday andlistened to the soft spoken andhighly articulate gentlemen fromOxford discuss the future of thestudent at the University of Chi¬cago, it seemed obvious that hehad more on his mind than spon¬soring a beauty contest on cam¬pus and was much concerned withmaintaining the standards of theUniversity.It’s unfortunate that more ofthe UC community could pot havewitnessed the “new dean’s vindi¬cation.” We trust he will givecampus another opportunity todo so.Rochelle Dubnow HI-FI & STEREO for the finest elec¬tronic service, bring itto CHELTEN T.V.CORP., 2915 E. 79thSt. or Coll ES 5-3666A MARXIST HISTORY OF THE AMERICAH PEOPLETHE COLONIAL ERAby Dr. Herbert ApthekerOutstanding American HistorianThe first volume in a series of books re-exominingthe entire course of United States development fromthe viewpoint of historical materialism.Price $2.00MODERN BOOK STORE64 W. Randolph, Rm. 914 DE 2-6552iiComment poor student-faculty relationsONI': HESITATES to raise Mr. Simpson’s beauty andbrawn quote again after all the newspapers and maga¬zines have made of it. It’s hard for one not an expertin such matters to gage the effect of this publicity>m the general public. Perhaps as “public relations” thewhole thing was a success. Certainly the New YorkTimes article on student reaction must have made afavorable impression in Indianapolis—if anyone downihere gets the Times. (Reading the article one gets<he picture of a group of bearded, barefoot brawlersbeing elbowed off campus by beautiful, brawny frater¬nity men.)It s hard to imagine, however, that Hutchins-eraflumni will be pleased with the Time article and itsso complete repudiation of those twenty years. Itsal*o hard to imgaine that prospective students will beimpressed with the exchange of “exciting theories” forj “hardheaded” dean or with the Newsweek article’sabandonment of “much of the Hutchins era studentselectivity.”Public relations, nevertheless, has become an increas¬ingly complex science; and it is, as I said, hard to guessthe value of all this (almost as hard as it is to guesswhether the whole thing came from the ignorance orill will of the press or the ignorance of our public rela¬tions program or the excessively “popular” rhetoricalstyle of our new dean.)What is most regretable is that Simpson’s first state¬ment should have been so much framed for the generalpublic and so little framed for student consumption. Onemight have hoped that the new dean would have begunIns term of office with some carefully done statementto the University community that would also have beensuitable for excerpting for public relations. Of coursethe full statement reprinted in the Maroon was sensible;perhaps it is simply that the student body was too sensi¬tive to the one paragraph.IT IS hard to escape the belief, though, that thegreatest weakness of the Kimpton administration hasbeen its poor student relations—not in the day-to-dayiontaets of student advising (though these need im¬provement) but in the general pronouncements and ex¬ planations of policy. Curricular changes which mightwell have carried the considerable support of the stu¬dent body (despite that group’s conservation) havebeen received with hostility because of the lack of asatisfactory explanation.Perhaps this must be traced to the fact that facultyand administration persons really concerned with theundergraduates are being forced against their wishesto accept the dictates of the divisions and schools. Yetthe April issue of Phoenix contains an article on liberaleducation and Chicago undergraduates by Donald Meik-lejohn (certainly a strong friend of both) which dealsin a thoughtful way with the kinds of questions to bewrestled with in developing a suitable rationale for thenew College.I do not understand why we have not had more ofthis in the past. Let us at least hope that we can inthe future have the sort of discussion which will clarifyto the student body what it was that was unsatisfactoryabout the College community of the Hutchins era andwhat is wrong with that community today. The publicwas not satisfied (at least they did not send their chil¬dren here.) Apparently the Divisions were not satisfied.It even seems that some of the old College facultydidn’t believe that that community was what it shouldbe and was producing graduates who were the bestthey might be.Perhaps Mr. Simpson, who is said to be a man ofgreat ability and of great clarity, will help us to under¬stand what has been wrong and to lead us in a continuedsearch for improvement. (And surely that search willnot be aided by any attempt to forget thirty years ofvaluable experience, as the Time article suggests!) Letus at least hope that he will try.We know, of course, that wise and able administra¬tors sometimes may recognize and solve, by a sort ofadministrative intuition, problems which they cannotadequately explain verbally. Surely though at the Uni¬versity of Chicago we must have more of an attemptto explain than has been evident in the past.The central "sin” of the beauty and brawn quote Isthat the dean now must expend time and energy get¬ ting into the good graces of a large segment of thestudent body. Such loss of energy can perhaps be avoidedin the future by more careful consideration of studentsentiments. This is not to advocate propaganda to thestudent body; but only to suggest that, while somethings can be said briefly without their being misunder¬stood, other points had better be explained pretty thor¬oughly on any occasion on which they are to be broughtup. The basic nature of the student community is oneof these points.I had occasion earlier in the year to discuss in thiscolumn what I took to be the common confusion aroundhere of the intellectual and the bohemian functions.The Chicago college community has fostered this con¬fusion as it has fostered confusion in the relation ofthe individual to society and to tradition. Perhaps thisis closely connected with some view of knowledge andlearning imbedded in the old curriculum. Perhaps itis not and is rather some sort of sociological by-product.In any case it seems clear that there is a considerablediscrepancy between the image of intellectualism en?gendered by the student community and an adequateview of the intellectual way of life.This porblem is part of what Mr. Meiklejohn wasdealing with in his article, and it underlies Mr. Simp¬son’s elliptical reference to beauty and brawn.Let us hope that in the near future we shall get amore satisfactory definition of intellectual activity anda more appropriate attitude toward the role of ideasthan that represented in the New York Times by MissSilver’s apparent confusion of rational discussion withits most dangerous perversion—passionate, fight-provok¬ing argumentation.Until the faculty and administration see fit to pro¬vide more intellectual leadership, they will continue toencourage the perpetuation of student disaffection thateach year draws new converts from the entering stu¬dents. It is important that we have a student bodyreceptive to an improved curriculum in an improvedneighborhood.Cincinnatus, Study ofBSprogram neededAfter two years of study and deliberation, theCollege faculty has determined upon a new degreeprogram. But this new program in no way affectsthe BS degree, and here perhaps more than any¬where else, re-evaluation is necessary.Many students entering the University hold thenaive and unrealistic view that not only is sciencegolden and great, but also that science is all. Thereawakening (or perhaps the plain and simpleawakening) is often rude and usually rugged. TheUniversity, however,2 seems to take a minimizedinterest in the plight of its physical science ma¬jors. What is this ‘plight’?The nation’s press, radio, television and highschool system seem to be doing everything in theirpower to foster the idea that anyone with anyscientific ability or significant intelligence shouldenter into some scientific field. We are living ina period of great over emphasis,gram of education in the humanistic studies, butif our public schools provided an adequate pro-This ‘over emphasis’ could easily be counteredthey do not. Hhigh school literature courses arepathetic, high school social science is inexplicablemd the fine arts in high school consist mainlyof playing band music at foot ball games.And so, students enter the University not reallyknowing what they are going into, nor what theyare giving up. It should be the obligation of theUniversity, since the secondary schools have notmet the challenge, to furnish some system forproviding a realistic basis for choice. But theUniversity has not met this obligation either.The entering student who announces an inten¬tion of specializing in a physical science matricu¬lates into a most rigid program. His first year hetakes chemistry 105, 6, and 7, calculus, EnglishABC and usually a foreign language.Now, what sort of an introduction to the liberalarts does this sort of program provide? Englishand the foreign languages are interesting, wellconstructed, well presented and absolutely neces¬sary, but they hardly constitute the most stimulat¬ing program possible.The sciences, unlike the humanities, proffer onlya limited number of ‘points of embarcation’; one can study advanced fields only after masteringelementary disciplines, and so, the program mustbe spread over some time—three or four years.One can hardly blame the division for wanting toturn out excellent products, and one can certainlysympathize with their demands that their studentstake a great many divisional courses in theirfield of specialization, but one can object to a firstyear program consisting of chemistry 105, 106,107, calculus, English, and a foreign language.The drop out rate in this program is the highestin the entire college—almost seventy-five percentBut, by the time a student realizes that his realpenchant is elsewhere he has spent a significantamount of time (and money) specializing in asubject which no longer interests him.Before demanding that a student select his ma¬jor field, the University ought to see to it thathe is capable of making an intelligent choice, thatis to say, that he possesses some acquaintancewith what he is rejecting as well as selecting.Every student in the college should take com-prehensives his first year and nothing but compre-hensives. If specialization were not elected untilthe second or third year the drop out rate in thephysical science division would be reduced dras¬tically; there would be fewer students entering.But instead of adding more liberal educationcourses at the start of a science major’s career,the University has elected to lop off some coursesat the end. OMP and Social sciences three are nolonger required of these students.This last change, enacted not by the college fac¬ulty but by College administrators acting underthe special powers granted during the collegere-organization, was an act of sympathy for theqver burdened physics major who is held to aprogram extending beyond four years. But is thistruly charitable, are OMP and social science threereally the first sort of luxury to be eliminated?A liberal education is a necessity for any think¬ing individual; thinking individuals are neededanywhere. It may very well be that this- newaction is a disservice, not a favor.In any case this is the next area in which theCollege needs to take a good long look at itself. > < ]1| Bicycles, Parts, Accessories Jspecial student offer < ( Got WILDR00Tj ACE CYCLE SHOP j 1 CREAM-OIL Charlie!1; 1621 e. 55H. st.ii * ijUNIVERSITYBARBER SHOP1453 E. 57thFine haircuttingThree barber* workingLadies' haircutting J. CAESAR, Italian politician, says: “Alldie boys In Rome use Wildroot ontheir dome! How about you?”Floyd C. ArnoldProprietor JvstalittlaWtpH of Wildroot J(I and...WOWlX^^J>?*YSUBSCRIBE TO THE MAROONAlumni — $1.50Regular — $3.00Harper Wines & LiquorsHARPER LIQUOR extends its heartiestcongratulations and best wishes to theClass of ’59Buckeye Beer $08924 12-ox. cent case"OUT! OUT!" CRIED LADY MocBeth . . .(But she didn’t say WHERE TO GO!) Maybe she meantTHE TRAVELLER'S GUIDE TO EUROPE'S ART, by Jane and Theodore Norman.A choice list of WHAT TO SEE — Where — and When $5.00HOW TO TRAVEL WITHOUT BEINC RICH, by Wm. Strong and A. M. Runyon.Economy Travel Tips, Freighter travel. Favorite Economy Tours $2.95NEW YORK: PLACES & PLEASURES, by Kate Simon."An uncommon guidebook." Paper edition $1.95CALIFORNIA LURE, by E. Neuenburg.The Golden State in Pictures. More than 300 photographs with short texts. A perfectcompanion. $2.45University of Chicago Bookstore5802 ELLIS AVENUE ImportedChiantiImported French Wine* OftBordeaux White or Red. . . . fifth SMIChateau de Yquem $098Vintage 1954 (reg. $5) . .. fifth LPortugalDry Wine* fifth 98"FREE DELIVERYFA 4-1233 — 1318 — 7699 ?1114-16 Eart 55H» Si.Juno 12, 1959 • CHICAGO MAROON • 5Award 939 degrees Honors assembly heldUC will award 939 degrees in the double ceremonies of its282nd convocation.R. Wendell Harrison, vice-president of the University anddean of faculties, will preside at both ceremonies.First, 639 higher degrees will be awarded at 3 pm today. Then,300 bachelor degrees will be granted at 10 tomorrow.Shapiro art shown The third annual honors assembly was held last Wednesday in the Ida Noyes lounge.Dean of students John P. Netherton opened the afternoon’s activities by outlining thepurpose and history of the assembly. Netherton then introduced the new dean of the col-lege, Alan Simpson.Simpson told of his experiences and opinions with respect to his new position and espe.daily his thoughts on the new college.“I doubt that there is any over- —— — — :—~ ~ — r 77 77" 7 —•all change in effect at this Uni- Dalton, Dana Rennie Fraser, Da- Each year, the French Govern-The Shapiro student-loanart collection will go on dis¬play once again June 22. This group of paintings, drawings andlithographs which Joseph R. Sha¬piro has placed at the disposal ofthe University's students has al¬ready been circulating for threequarters.Because of the small enrollmentin the summer, the convenitional"drawing” will not be held. In¬stead, students who wish to bor¬row a painting for the summerquarter may stop in at the Stu¬dent Activities office any timeafter June 5 to select the workwhich most appeals to them, an¬nounced John Callahan of the stu¬dent activities office.These paintings are available toany registered student workingtowards a degree, for a fee offifty cents to cover insurance andbookkeeping.J..PAUL SHEEDY,* hair »p«rt. tart “Wild-••or kaeps hair o«at and hamtomc all dayVMI I. mmrrw JM. JM„ WUHmmuiUt. M. T.I Jvst a lift!* bitof Wildrootarid... WOW.» Dr. N. J. DeFrancoOPTOMETRIST1138 K. 63 MY 3-5352SMMIIUHUiwm MIT Fifty-Seventh at Kenwood =UNUSUAL FOOD IDELIGHTFULATMOSPHEREPOPULARPRICESJyde park theatre Student rote 65cupon presentation of ID cordSturts Friday. Juno 12From the zony hilarious H. E. BatesBest-Seller "The Buds of May" —“THE MATING GAME”TONY RANDALL PAUL DOUGLASDEBBIE REYNOLDS UNA MERKELFilmed on location — in the haystack!— and —From the W. H. Hudson Classic Best-SellerMEL FERRER'S production ofu GREEN MANSIONS 11With AUDREY HEPBURN os Rima and co-starringANTHONY PERKINS, LEE J. COBB and SESSUE HAYAKAWAtarts Friday, Juno 19 4 Days Only!68 AUNTIE o “SOME CAMEMAME” RUNNING”ROZ RUSSELL's and SHIRLEY MacLAINE'sAcademy Award Nominee Roles— and again superior screenploys fromtwo Best-Selling books!Starts Tuesday, Juno 23 — 3 days only!HIDIABOUQUE” & RIFIFI 11SIMONE SIGNORET Director JULES DASSINfrom 'Room at the Top" from "He Who Must Die'(This should be checked m doily papers)Starts Friday. Juno 26FERNAND^,. »T||E ^ |$&IffTOTO THE LAW’A Fronce-ltolion comedy about a policeman's unhappy lot.end JACK HAWKINS in on English treatment of the some themeJOHN FORD S“Gideon of Scotland Yard ff". . . A fresh and frontic thriller that amusingly wraps up a day inthe life of o London policeman. — Time meg.AmI soon after:The Bed, Pother Panchali, Inspector Maigret, He Who Must Die,Dewre Under the Elms, Defiont Ones, Witness for the Prosecution,Sound end the Fury — ond we hope, Room ut the Top ond Horse'sMonth versity at the present time. From ,v,d Michael IsraelsUm, Martin menl prizes are awarded l„my point o£ view there will al V* cKa,nJ Elmer Ev,7<m Kin<N dfn*? for “cellenee In Frenchways be great teachers here to •’■'•.Sarah 7” SlU?eS ln .£* ™Uegc: a"'' »«excite young minds. As Jar as I "'th Dayton Nordin, Linda Sue made possible through the ,0.can see, our institution will al- Rosenberg, Mary Lou W.eker- operation of the French Consulateways be characteristic of the vigor sflelm* ’n EfltraiJa’T ^lnaers In Frenrhand pace so necessary to the main- The next presentation was made -* ?re: ^eed CarTITPtIron’ f 1 r R ttenance of research and achieve- by Walter L. Hass, director of Pr)ze! Frances H. ^aft, swondment.” Simpson declared further athletics. Hass presented Alan Pr,zo- In French 2: Sarah Kllenthat no one could ever find us Paul Jacobs with the William B. Lamm, first prize; Esther Leahfashionable irrelevant, or dull. Bond medal. This medal goes to Benuck, second prize.He described his attitude as one the varsity track athlete scoring Shirley Belle Liptzen and Kath-filled with a “faith in our intel- the greatest number of points dur- leen Wiseman won the Publicitylectual tradition.” ing the season. Haas then an- Club of Chicago award for a jointSimpson refused to mark this nounced that the Amos Alonzo research project. They had sub¬period in the University’s history Stagg medal, the award to the mitted a research paper entitled,as “the end of the Hutchins era.” senior athlete with the best all- "Cultural FM Broadcasting: a"That period ended years ago, around record for athletics, schol- Study of a Chicago Audience.-’and the press is just riow catch- arship .and character, would be The Elso Reinhardt Honoring up. Hutchins was a great mas- presented to Kenneth Lycll Cur- award, to a student in the schoolter of the quick solution and we rie. „f SOcial service administrationare all very much in his debt for Next on the program were the for outstanding work in the firsthis many accomplishments. Still, prize awards made by George L. pear and promise of furtherthere were many things left in- Playe, director of financial aid. achievement in the field of socialcomplete. One of those things Playe presented three students work, went to Karen Ellen Kai-which we are now getting around with the Academy of American mann.to is a more complete integration Poets prize. They were: first Schubert Miles Ogden was theof the divisions with the college, prize, Judith Lee McCombs for Winner of the Susan Colver RoWe are looking foreward to this her poem “Sonnet to David”; first senberger prize" for constructiveinvolvement of the divisions with honorable mention, Edward study and original research in theour undergraduate facilities and Burns, untitled poem; second hon- fieid of theology His thesis wasI think we can expect great things orable mention, Anne Elizabeth entitled, “Christ Without Mythfrom it. Schaeffer, Elegy for St. David’s ^ Study in Constructive TheologyNext, Dean Netherton intro- Day. Eased on a Critical Analysis ofduced the Maroon Key holders to- The Florence James Adams the Work of Rudolph Bultmann.”gether with the pin holders who, prizes for excellence in artistic The Charles II. Sergei Dramaas part of the society, are appoint- reading went this year to John prizes, for original, unpublished,ed for service next year. Michael Branford Edwards, first full-length plays were awarded to:Harold A. Anderson, Marshal of prize; Robert Joseph Smmitt, see- James Damiee, “Pepel, The Un-the University, presented the stu- ond prize; Mary Ann Glendon buried Russian,” and Howarddent aides. These are students Curtis, third prize; George Nor- Stackler, “The Yellow Loves.”who have proven their capacity ton McKenna, fourtli prize. Both men tied for first place. Thefor leadoiship through academics l he Millard P. Binyon Memorial second prize in this series went toand extra-curricular activities. Fund prize for talented under- Bernard Sahlins for his play “TheNetherton then announced graduate humanists was present- Puppet.”the winners of the Alumni-Dean ed to Earl Barry Fendelman. R. Wendell Harrison, viee-presi-of Students’ awards. Each year, Helen Louise Stoeckel was the dent and dean of the faculties,the Dean of Students’ office, in winner of the Elizabeth Susan then announced the faculty mem-cooperation with the Alumni asso- Dixon Honor award which goes to bers who had won the Llewellynciation, honors ten graduating a student in the school of social John and Harriet Manchesterseniors^for their contribution to service administration for out- Quantrell awards for excellencethe extra-curriculum at the L’ni- standing work in the first year in undergraduate teaching. Theyversity. and promise of future achieve- are: Lawrence Bogorad, associateThe winners this year are: Julie ment in the field of social work. professor in the department ofRuth Chamberlin, Robert Edgar Winners of the John Billings botany; Merlin Bowen, assistantFiske Poetry prizes for an orig- professor of the humanities in theinal poem or cycle of poems were: college; Kenneth J. Rehage, pro-Judith Lee MeGombs, first prize fessor in the department of edu-for her poem “Donor”; second cation.prize to Kenneth Otis Walden for The afternoon's presentationshis poem “The Ascent”; third were closed with a singing of theprize to Philip Selmar Marcus for “Alma Malcr” by the glee club,his poem “Pi.” followed by a reception.Natural Shoulder,Wash ’N’ WearPOPLINDEANSGATE Dacron-and-cotton poplin—with natu¬ral shoulder fashion as itshould be ... wash V wearperformance as you wantit! In lights anddarks.$40°°JSrittang,Ltd.7104 S. JefferyPL 2-4030Open Mon. & Thurs. eves.Free Forking ofCyril Court GarageT948 E. 71st PI. COURT THEATREFifth outdoor drama festivalOTHELLOJuly 1 -2, 9-12LOVE FOR LOVEJuly 16-19, 23-26FRANCESCA DA RIMINIJuly 30 - Aug. 2, Aug. 6-9JAZZ AT THE COURTJuly 8 & 22, Aug. 5Season Ticket $3.50Student-Foe $3.00Single Admission $1.50Except Saturday $2.00Jazz Concert $1.50 8:30 pmIn case of rain, Monde! HallTickets on sola now atReynolds Club Desk or by moil.Court Theatre, 5706 University6 • CHICACO MAROON • June 12, 1959Vol. 67, Ho. 36 University of Chicago, June 12, 1959... - mi iiimamrr nMuiKi'i ^' State ofAmerican educationO'Connell says . . .The truly bright candidate who is relaxed about being brighis becoming the real rara avis in college admissions. Dean Col<of Williams college has put his finger on an interesting buseldom-discussed aspect of the present college scene in hi:article The Teen-Age Ulcer from the May 16 Nation.Fortunately, the very nature of a Chicago education ha<proved the most effective antibiotic for the educational viru!Dean Cole describes. We have been more fortunate than mosin generating in our students a genuine enthusiasm for theiwork and in making this phenomenon a matter of publiiknowledge.But Chicago too has some candidates who either through ;natural or parent-induced "grimness" approach the Committe(on admissions, their talents spread out in organized panopiytheir guiding light a determined glint of future success in thenown eyes (if only they can get by "this last obstacle").Unfortunately, such students — if admitted — do not ofterget from Chicago (or any other college) what they shouldThey have eyed the college admissions committee throughoulsecondary school, grimly piling up courses, grades, and activeties, less because they enjoy them than because they will lookgood on the college application form; they go on through collegewith the Organization "recruiter" replacing the college admis¬sions officer as the next obstacle between them and "success"Their total college experience becomes more than anything elsethe blueprint for a job application form.Seldom do they stop to savor the richness of their currenlexperience, be it high school or college. Never do they relax.And never, saddest to say, for all their talent, do they becometruly educated.Dean Cole deserves our thanks for calling attention to the"teen-age ulcer." Perhaps when recognized and isolated, it carbe treated. Then all of us, student and faculty alike, can re¬turn to the business of education.Charles D. O'ConnellDirector of Admissions andAssistant Dean of Student:College mono has nothing over teenage ulcerThe annual college-admis¬sions rat-race has just aboutbeen run. The mail has broughtjoy and sorrow, happy surpriseand stunned disappointment tohomes all across the land. Admis¬sions officers are about to enjoym*William Graham Cole ischairman of the department ofReligion and Dean of freshmenat Williams college.a brief period of respite, of lei¬sure to gird their loins for theStruggle of another year. Theclass of 1963 has now been sep¬arated and divided out of thevast and milling herd into thevarious runways and pens of ac¬ademic slaughter-houses.There has been a spate of loosetalk about the perils and problemsof entrance to college, talk engen¬dered by the admittedly hecticexperience of a minority of edu¬cational institutions. But that mi¬nority consists of the most pres¬tigious colleges and universitiesIn the country. Actually, the so-called "tidal-wave” of students has not yet hit the colleges and willnot do so for another two to threeyears. There are no more seven¬teen to twenty-one-year-olds in thetotal population than there havebeen for a decade or more, nor isthere a substantially larger num¬ber of these seeking entrance toinstitutions of higher learning.Frank Bowles, president of theCollege Entrance Examinationboard, has remarked that out ofthe roughly 900 four-year, degree¬granting, accredited institutionsin the United States (excludingjunior colleges, various denomina¬tional seminaries, etc), there areabout one hundred that are re¬garded as top quality. This defini¬tion includes two factors: qualityinstitutions are able to select theirstudents from an embarrassinglywealthy pool of applicants, andthey send better than 50 per centof their output on to graduateschool.There are an additional 200-500colleges and universities thatwill not knowingly admit anyonewhom they think will fail. All therest, however, will take any stu¬dent who applies. They are stillin the position that virtually allschools were in the 1920s andch'icaaoPagesThe Teenage Ulcerby William Cole 2The State of American Educationby Benjamin Fine 3The UC Students' Futureby Alan Simpson *.... 3The War of the Generationsby Louis Reik 4Report; Vienna Youth festivalby Joel Aslienfarb 5UC: a Photo study6.7Law School Featureby Edward Levi 8/9Business School Featureby James Lorie 10A Soviet Interpretation of Exchangeby Kent Geiger 11, 12Magazine editor . . . Rochelle DubnowCover photo by Archie LiebermanAG Q, M A RQ Q tj y. <4ung,1g» J959 1930s — crying for students andgreeting all applicants withgreedy joy.In those good old days, the stu¬dent was the buyer, the academicinstitution the seller, and aboutthe only necessity for attendingcollege was the price of the tui¬tion. Even the lack of that couldbe overcome if the student waseither an outstanding athlete ora promising scholar. The alumniwould pay for the education ofthe former, and endowed scholar¬ship funds would take care ofthe latter.The high-school years were ac¬cordingly relaxed, easy and com¬paratively carefree. Youngsterswhose parents were moderatelyendowed with worldly goods couldlook forward to admission to thecollege of their choice with littleor no anxiety. The law of supplyand demand might, in its opera¬tion in the market-place, produceulcers in their fathers; in the ac¬ademic economy, it was all intheir favor. They could safey con¬centrate on the important thingsof adolescent life: athletics, dat¬ing, social affairs, and let theirstudies fall where they might. Tobe sure, there were the tensionsand anxieties normal to their age-level, the fear of rejection byone’s peer group, the awkwardgropings toward socialization andemotional maturity, the hopes andhazards of the future. But by andlarge, the pace was leisurely andthe pressure low.In any case, a college degreewas not the sine qua non of statusand success in life. Many a cor¬poration executive had made it tothe top through the classrooms ofexperience with no degree savethat of energy and ambition. Thecollege-educated were still a mi¬nority who required additionalqualities if they were to gain pre¬ferment and progress in theircareers.Today, the majority of collegesstill are sellers, but not for long.What is already true in the hun¬dred quality institutions, wherethe admitted represent one out ofevery four, six or even ten whoare refused, in the next two orthree years will become charac¬teristic of all colleges and univer¬sities. By then the number ofapplicants will double. Our soci¬ety has begun to feel that withouta bachelor’s degree a man willhave to settle for a life of me¬diocrity. The higher echelons arereserved for those carrying, if notclad in, a sheepskin. This meanstliat almost every parent wants his son, and if possible his daugh¬ter also, to have a higher educa¬tion.Two fateful consequences forAmerican life stem from thiseagerness for college. In the firstplace, the bachelor’s degree,whether in arts or science, is in¬creasingly seen as the means toan end, rather than an end initself. And secondly, the pressuresexerted on the secondary studentto produce the grades necessaryfor admission to college are al¬ready strenuous and show everysign of increasing in geometricratio, in the years ahead.American culture has alwayshad a modicum of instrumental¬ism in its approach to education.Even the earliest colleges werefounded to train clergymen, law¬yers and doctors. Although thecurriculum was classical, therewas little of the British or con¬tinental training of the aristoc¬racy, the gentry with leisure andland.The natural sciences madetheir way into the Americangroves of academe against con¬siderable handicaps, dominated asthose groves were in the nine¬teenth century by clerical pres¬idents and professors not alto¬gether receptive to a disciplinethat had spawned a Darwin. Butthe demands of technology wouldnot be denied and by the earlydecades of the twentieth century,American higher education hadbecome secularized and increas¬ingly sensitive to the demands ofa business economy, whence col¬leges and universities derived theflow of financial support whichwas their life blood. An early Nastcartoon hangs on the walls of theFaculty club at Stanford univer¬sity, depicting a robber baron,complete with plug hat, expensivecigar and broad watch chain, say¬ing, "Perfessers is cheap.”These very "perfessers,” how¬ever, viewed with growing alarmthe tendency to prostitute educa¬tion to purely pragmatic pur¬poses, and the general educationmovement of the twenties andthirties spread markedly. Today,colleges and universities strugglevaliantly to infect their studentswith the virus of enthusiasm forlearning for its own sake, but thenatural resistance of the young,carefully cultivated by family andsociety, proves a stubborn barrier.All indications are that the re¬sistance will grow rather thandiminish as the college popula¬tion doubles in the next decade.The diploma will increasingly be¬ come a work-permit, a ladder upwhich the individual will climb (cpersonal success. This means thatthe kind of noblesse oblige, thethe sense of responsibility to society which Oxford and Cambridge so successfully grafted into the minds of their students totcenturies, will have less and lessopportunity to take root ancgrow-. The aristocrats of the mindthe intellectually elite, may wellbe smothered by the mushroomgrowth of the mass, trampled under foot by the rush to the marketplace.The pressure for performanceat the secondary-school level illustrates exactly the danger dcscribed above. The student isencouraged, nay driven, to workfor superior grades, not out olthe love of learning, but becausethese are the only means io thedesired goal: admission to thecollege of his choice. Before lieever sets foot on a campus olhigher learning, he has been conditioned to regard his academicwork as the means to an end,instead of an end in itself. Further, he must present to collegeadmissions officers an impressiverecord of extra-curricular activities, athletic, musical, dramatic,social and governmental. He • isno longer the buyer but the seller,and the way he merchandises hisproduct (himself) is all-importantAlready our prestigious colleges are witnessing a curiousphenomenon: the fatigued freshmen, who has spent the previousfour years knocking himself outto get into college and is justplain tired. A further factor involved is the pressure of parentseager for their children to attendtheir own alma maters, irrespec¬tive of the aptitudes and limitations of the youngsters concernedThe boy is forced into the freshman class over the strong objection of the college admissionscommittee and then fails to makethe grade. At a less difficult college, he might do very well indeed.The occupational disease of stu¬dents today is mononucleosis,which is a virus nourished by ex¬haustion. And as the pressuregrows for graduate training, thecollege student finds no respitefro mhis frantic efforts. He hasstill another admissions officer toimpress with his grades, his rec¬ord outside the classroom, hisprestige in college. Ulcers havebegun to turn up on the campusalready, and they can be expectedto increase.The state of American educationBENJAMIN FINETHEBE IS a healthy ferment tak¬ing place in American educationtoday. We find a growing demand forbetter education on almost every level.Ever since Sputnik began to orbit, nearlytwo years ago, educators have been askingthemselves “What is wrong with Amer¬ican education?" “What can be done toimprove our educational system" I thinkthat many persons were needlesslyalarmed at the feat of Sputnik. I also amconvinced that the American system ofeducation, despite its flaws and handicaps,is still the best educational system in theworld.The article published on this pagewas written for the Maroon by Dr.Benjamin Fine. Dr. Fine, a Pulitzerprize winner, was education editor ofthe New York Times. He is now deanof education at Yeshiva university.I am thoroughly opposed to the returnof the American system of education tothe pattern that we gave up several cen¬turies ago when we broke away from theEuropean system. I believe in the demo¬cratic system of education. That may wellbe a mass system. I believe in mass educa¬tion. Mass education is the hallmark of ademocratic system.AT THE same time, I am convinced thatwe can have both quality and quantity inour educational program. We shouldnever put an upper limit on the number ofstudents whom we want to attract to ourschools and campuses. Each year, the en¬rollment in the elementary, secondary andcollege systems soars upwards. It is wellsaid that now one-fourth of all our peoplego to the school or college. College enroll¬ment within the next year will top the3.500,000 mark. By 1970, every informedperson knows that the enrollment willdouble and go to 7,000,000.Accordingly, we know at least statis¬tically, that our schools and colleges arealert, alive and vigorous.The question remains, though, what ishappening to the student body? Are ourstudents as alive, as inquisitive and as cu¬rious as students of a generation ago? Thestudents of today have been called mem¬bers of the silent generation. They havebeen accused of retreating in their shellsand avoiding controversial issues or de¬bate.I do not believe that is the ease. Thelethargy and indifference and fear thatspread across the campus during the earlydays of the so-called McCarthy era havenow disappeared. Our students, once again,are willing to face issues and to speak upfor what they think are the necessary in¬gredients of a good education. One of themost important aspects of an education isto teach youngsters, boys and girls, andmen and women to think critically and tothink for themselves. We dare not give upthe most precious asset that we possess,that of thinking critically and of thinkingfor ourselves.A recent survey that I made indicatesthat the college professor is also comingof age. He, too, is shaking out the fear thatwas brought on during the past half adozen years. He now has the academicfreedom that is such an important factorin developing a sound educational pro¬gram. At all costs, our colleges must re¬main free and our faculty members musthave that freedom which is so necessaryfor research and academic inquiry. Ofcourse, there are other serious problemsrevolving around our faculty. The stateof American education will never be fullyhealthy until our college faculty is con¬sidered truly professional. And that wouldmean that the faculty must receive moreadequate compensation.AS BEARDSLEY RUML says in his re¬cent report to the Ford foundation, Memoto a College Trustee—“The most seriousgeneral problem facing the colleges is theprevailing low level of academic salaries."I think that any right-thinking person willagree with the noted economist, Mr. Ruml.The big unfinished business of Amer¬ican education is to raise teachers’ sala¬ries. Nothing that we can do by way oftalk or conference or discussion can meanas much to the college as a substantial in¬crease of the salaries that we now offerthe professors. If we honestly go aboutincreasing the salaries, not in a pettymanner of another 5% or 10% increase,but substantially so that our collegeprofessors will go within the $20,000 to$30,000 range that they must get if weare to have an adequate educational pro¬gram. We then would be in a position toattract to higher education the type of personnel that will help develop a goodsolid program of education.To improve education we must developa better attitude towards administrators.There has been a literal epidemic ofresignations of deans and college presi¬dents throughout the United States. Re¬cently we read of the resignation of thepresidents of Oberlin, Radcliffe, SarahLawrence, Mills college in California,Smith college, Amherst college and a num¬ber of others. It is no longer news to readthat a dean of a college has resigned to goback into research or into teaching.In each case, the college president ordean resigned not because of age, but be¬cause they felt that they were boggeddown with administrative details. The timehas come for higher education to reassessthe role of the faculty and the administra¬tors. In many colleges today, the dean orthe president is little more than an ad¬ministrator to carry out the wishes of thefaculty. The faculty determines the cur¬riculum. The faculty determines the mem¬bers to be added to the institution. Thefaculty determines the workload, thecourse of studies, the committees to be ap¬pointed—indeed, everything that is vitalabout college life.What does this leave to the dean or thepresident? I feel that the time has comefor the faculty and the administration ofeach college to reassess their roles, theirfunctions and to bring back greater mean¬ing into the role of the college dean or thecollege president.AS A college dean at the present time,I know that it is not easy fdr a faculty wil¬lingly to give up its so-called prerogativesto help decide issues, to make policy and toattempt to run the institution. However,if the faculty is permitted too much au¬thority, it too, then, becomes politicallybogged down with petty cliques or groupswithin itself.This is one area of education that re¬quires immediate attention.Beardsley Ruml hinted at it in his Memoto a College Trustee. “Centralized leader¬ship is essential. A college is a divert insti¬tution, and a typical curriculum is incred¬ibly complex. Sound planning for changerequires central direction and coordinationof the various elements of the plan.”It will not be easy for many faculties toaccept Mr. Ruml’s view, or, indeed, toagree with my own views concerning theimportance of centralized control in theeffective administration of a college oruniversity. But, at any rate, this is onearea that needs attention.Another criticism that is frequentlyheaped upon our schools and colleges isthat the curriculum is outmoded and thatour students are not stimulated.IN MANY respects, the critics are cor¬rect. Too many colleges are not concernedwith stimulating the students. Rather, thecollege professor frequently wants hisstudents to give back the information theyhave received. I have seen college pro¬fessors, who graded down students’ pa¬pers, because the students dared to divertsomewhat from the statement made by theprofessor and to express views of theirown. I feel that students should be treatedas mature individuals. I would like to seemore independent study, through whichthe faculty can direct the student intosome area of study or research of value tothe student.There is nothing sacred about class at¬tendance. Some students may not have togo to class as often as other students. Thisconcept is being tried out in 60 collegestoday. There the honor system, by whichthe intelligent student is put on his own,in effect, to work out a program with afaculty member assigned to him, deservesgrowing attention. I feel that the questionof grades is one that must be resolved inour present educational set-up. Personally,I am opposed to grades. I think that it isunwise to have a student work for gradesalone.In too many instances, the reason forgrades has been overlooked or forgotten.The student wants a good report card sothat he can go on to another step on theeducational ladder. The high school stu¬dent tries for grades, not because he neces¬sarily wants to study, or wants to learn,but so that he can get into the college ofhis choice. Once he gets into college, thestudent who plans to go to a professionalor graduate school, seeks high grades toget into a graduate school.If the student who seeks good grades atthe same time seeks an education, an intel¬lectual experience, an opportunity to de¬velop mentally, then the grades are onlyincidental. In my opinion, too often thegrades do not accurately reflect the in¬telligence of the student. They merely re¬flect a present system of education that iswedded to the archaic past.To make the necessary changes that would strengthen education it would re¬quire money. Education today is littlemore than a marginal luxury. We spendliterally billions of dollars for roads andmaterial things, yet we have little leftfor education, whether schools or colleges.We spend a fraction of the amount foreducation that we should. The recentKilian report on the state of education inthis country showed clearly that we arenot developing an adequate educationalprogxam. We spend about $18,000,000,000for education in this country — on alllevels. This amount must be doubled im¬mediately if we are to have an adequateeducational program. Unless we at oncedevelop an attitude in this country thateducation is significant, is important andis essential, we will continue to plod alongon a two-cylinder ancient motor.TOO OFTEN we treat education asthough we were still living in the coveredwagon or in the horse and buggy era. Edu¬cation today is at the place where thearmed military forces were prior to PearlHarbor. Will it take another Pearl Harborto awaken this country to the need andimportance of greater support for educa¬tion?To improve education today I would pro¬pose that these steps be taken at once:• A 50 billion dollar ten year rehabilita¬tion program for education by the federalgovernment. This would mean 5 billiondollars a year for the next ten years toimprove education. This would just aboutequal our road building program. I be¬lieve that our schools should receive paritywith our roads. I also feel that our stu¬dents are just as valuable to this countryas are our automobiles and station wagons.• An immediate doubling of the teacherand faculty salaries throughout the United (photo by Berger)States. I would set minimum standardsalary scales of from $10,000 to $20,000 forour teachers and college professors. Thisshould be a five year project so that wecould start in immediately with salaryschedules of from $5,000 to $10,000. Threeyears from now the salaries should befrom $7,500 to $15,000 and five years fromnow the salaries should be from $10,000to $20,000.• An immediate strengthening of ourteacher-training institutions. There areapproximately 1,200 institutions of higherlearning that offer courses leading toteachers’ certificates. This number shouldbe cut in half. Teachers should take morehumanities and liberal arts courses. It isessential that teachers in an atomic agebe well educated and intelligent.• More emphasis should be placed on thegifted and talented student. At the pi'esenttime, the gifted student is neglected. Weare losing a vast amount of natural re¬sources as a result. The suggestion byPresident Conant that 15% of the highschool population is in the talented orgifted class, should be taken into consider¬ation in setting up new programs for thegifted. Our country is rich enough to helpall of our students, and particularly, tohelp those who are the future potentialleaders of our nation.Our schools and colleges are the corner¬stone of our democracy. Our teachers arethe most important and influential mem¬bers of society. We must give educationgreater community status and greater op¬portunities to serve this country. We mustnot apologize for our educational system.At the same time, we must not blind our¬selves to the tremendous job that liesahead to make American education trulydemocratic and truly equal for all.Dean Simpson statesviews on UCs futureI welcome the Maroon’s invitation tocomment on the past and future of theUniversity of Chicago student. My ownyears in the College left me with thepleasant impression of his acuteness andenthusiasm. At his best the Chicago stu¬dent was a delight to teach; a nimbleinventive being with a vigorous contemptfor the second rate. He was not verymodest but he had a good deal to beimmodest about.In most of the things that matter, hisfuture will not be very different fromhis past. There will always be great teach¬ers on this campus to excite young minds.There will always be the rhythm of agreat research institution. The city willgo on flowing around us. The traffic ofvisitors and ideas will grow with the des¬tiny of the country and with the expand¬ing future of the metropolis we live in.The intellectual prospect can neverreally contract because everything con¬spires to prevent us from being provin¬cial.This is a vigorous place. We are notJune 12/1959 • CHICAGOfettered by the past, like some ancientuniversities. We are immune from anykind of snobbery. We have the habit offacing the real needs of education anddealing with them.It would be damnably difficult to makeus either fashionable or irrelevant, or dull.Compared with this enduring appeal,changes in organization or devices, how¬ever necessary they may be, are of sec¬ondary importance. We are very satisfiedwith the reorganization of the undergrad¬uate faculty and curriculum which hasjust been completed. We intend to seethat the student is better advised, betterhoused, better entertained. We hope toincrease the happiness of his whole stayhere. But the praise we value is the praiseI heard in the thirties and forties and stillhear from generations of grateful alumniwho had their minds stirred by a vivideducational experience. This is our pecu¬liar genius and I expect it to flourish.Alan SimpsonDean of the CollegeMAROON • 9War of the generationsBy the time a student reaches college age, he shouldbe well launched on a good, brisk war of indepedence.His object is to express to his satisfaction the fermentof energy with which sometimes he is all but bursting.He no longer endows his elders with the godlike author¬ity they had for him in the days of his helpless childhood.In fact, now that he has learned that even his parentsare not so wealthy, wise and infallible as he had pre¬viously imagined them to be, he enters a phase when heexaggerates their shortcomings. Not infrequently, hefeels constrained to apologize for them to his friends, orto express a blend of rebellious attitudes ranging fromcondescension to open hostility. At the point where coldwar threatens to give way to a hot one in the home, hepacks up and goes off to college, often to the immenserelief of all concerned.Louis E. Reik, MD, resident psychiatrist atPrinceton university, is the author of various articleson student psychiatry.In its physical aspect, a college campus seems one ofthe most peaceful and beautiful places in the world.But behind this idyllic facade, the student continues towage his war for independence. He has achieved a truce,if not a victory, in his struggle to free himself fromthose powerful despots in the home who had only toassert their wishes to establish them as family law. Butat the university he is confronted with some of the samedemands for unquestioning obedience to the seeminglyarbitrary dictates of his elders and presumably hisbetters.It is true that at first he is ready to have moretolerance for these elders than for his parents, but therole of submissive neophyte in which he is cast, withits demands for subordinating private inclinations to anunrelenting succession of assignments, requirements andexaminations inevitably stirs up the urge to revolt toa more or less intense degree. But while this urge isprobably common to students everywhere, it remainsfor the most part covert and unnoticed, except in occa¬sional times of riot. Students, obviously, have too muchto lose to run the risk of open rebellion during theircollege days. Actually, there seems to be a clear andstartling analogy between the educational customs ofcivilized people and the primitive initiation rites foradolescents practiced the world over from ancient times.The modern student, like his primitive brother, is facedwith the necessity of submitting to an ordeal at thehands of his elders as the price he must pay for theprivileges of adulthood. It is debatable which ordeal isworse—the student’s with its prolonged psychologicaltorments, or the primitive boy’s with its relatively fleet¬ing physical hardships. In any event, the student’s initi¬ation into the world of civilized men cannot be assumed,even under the most auspicious circumstances, to be anentirely painless affair, or to proceed without provokingconflict, hidden or expressed.Prevent- independenceBoth at home and in the university, there are con¬fusing elements that prevent the average student fromachieving independence, or even from recognizing clearlythat this may be desirable. After all, it is undeniablethat parents and teachers ostensibly have his own bestinterests at heart, so that filial duty and gratitudedemand that he give up his own inclinations when theyclash with theirs. Moreover, he is confronted with theadditional difficulty of discriminating between whathis elders in their wisdom unselfishly advocate for himand what they mistakenly imagine is best because itwould be best for themselves. Henry Fielding observedlong ago of this tendency of the older generation toconfuse their children’s identity with their own, thusmaking both parties completely miserable in the process:“Though it is almost universal in parents, (it) hathalways appeared to me to be the most unaccountable ofall the absurdities which ever entered into the brain ofthat strange prodigious creature man.’’Bernard Shaw, in one of his prefaces, went evenfurther, presuming not only to find the cause of theabsurdity but also to prescribe for its cure: “If adultswill frankly give up their claim to know better thanchildren what the purposes of the Life Force are, andtreat the child as an experiment like themselves, andpossibly a more successful one, and at the same timerelinquish their monstrous parental claims to personalprivate property in children, the rest may be left tocommon sense.”Just recently, the veteran child psychoanalyst, GeraldH. J. Pearson, in his monograph Adolescence and theConflict of Generations, after convincingly tracing someof the hidden psychological origins of the conflict, con¬cluded that since its main roots on both sides are sodeeply anchored in a tangle of emotional attitudes, ofwhich self-love is by no means the least important, hehad small hope that either parents or adolescents couldprofit much from a generalized intellectual explanationof the affairs of the heart — which nevertheless he pro¬ceeded to give in his book.Mind vs. emotionsThese emotional affairs of the heart have such a dis¬tinct and primitive logic of their own that psychiatristslong before Freud have steadfastly and repeatedly ob¬served that a man may be brilliantly endowed from theintellectual viewpoint and simultaneously an irrespon¬sible child where his emotions are concerned. Or hemay be the reverse: a genius when it comes to the affairsof the heart, but an intellectual moron as measured byhis IQ. In this connection, it is worth remembering thatfollowing the introduction of Binet’s intelligence test inthe early years of this century, situations in ordinaryschool and social life that before seemed baffling be¬cause someone was involved whose feeblemindednessremained unrecognized, became clear and susceptible tocontrol when approached with the new knowledge. Un¬doubtedly, some day we shall also have better indices of10 • CHICAGO MAROON • June emotional development, a kind of EQ, which will enableteachers and parents to take a more calm and realisticattitude towards problems posed by students that nowseem inexplicable or of deliberate malevolent intent.Meanwhile, we have outgrown old superstitions in theruling power of witches, devils, planets and charms,but have still to discard the notions that emotional atti¬tudes and motives are readily controlled by the intel¬ligence, or that they depend only on external cireum-1 stances, or that they are utterly mysterious beyondcomprehension. On the contrary, medical psychology,particularly during the last half-century, has been ac¬cumulating an impressive mass of clinical data, drawnfrom normal as well as abnormal subjects, that demon¬strates something of the peculiar evolution and logic ofthe emotional life.In college practice, for example, the psychiatristhas many opportunities for observing that a student'sattitude towards his father seems to determine his atti¬tude towards college authorities. A student who hasbeen strongly attached to, and simultaneously over¬whelmed by, the father is apt to view the college teacheras the embodiment of the wisdom of the ages. His warfor intellectual independence does not go well becausethe more he admires his mentors the more he is inclinedto be uncritically influenced by them and to belittlehimself.Educators familiarEducators are familiar with students of this type,who are variously called “perfectionists,” “over-achiev¬ers” or “over-conscientious.” The more they belittlethemselves, the less capable they become of achievingself-assurance and spontaneous, original work. Theirenergies, instead, are used up in curbing natural impulseand in preoccupation with superficial detail.One such student, for example, felt compelled tomemorize the dates of withdrawal and return on thelibrarian’s card in a book of assigned reading, to saynothing of a staggering mass of excerpts he had copieddown. The psychiatrist sees this as a kind of self-defeating compromise, in which there has been no whole¬hearted acceptance of either the self or the father. Itsobject, essentially, is to keep the peace and to win re¬wards and esteem from parents and teachers for a kindof mechanical compliance characteristic of the rote¬learning of childhood days, rather than to achieve satis¬fying growth and true self-expression. Deficient self¬esteem and an exaggerated estimate of authority makesuch students slaves to duty and routine, a slaverywhich the world too frequently applauds, but whichnevertheless defeats the aims of liberal education andprovides fertile soil for private misery and neuroticsymptoms, such as fatigue, insomnia, incapacitatingtension, and sometimes despair. -Likewise, it is frequently observed that students whohave been inclined to defy and underestimate the fatherare similarly inclined to belittle authority in general.In extreme form, their behavior is variously regardedas immature, abnormal, delinquent or even criminal,depending on how badly the community feels its inter¬ests have been violated and how it assesses the responsi¬bility of the offender. As long ago as 1910, the psy¬chiatrist Stewart Pa ton (who incidentally was the firstto advocate a mental-health program for college stu¬dents) is said to have been astonished when he firstbegan his work at Princeton University to discover“students who had pronounced suicidal, homicidal im¬pulses, sex perverts, those who stole, cheated, wereexceedingly egotistical, aggressive and showed othersigns of serious maladjustment.” He saw no point inmaking “every attempt ... to induce all, the unfit aswell as the fit, to pass through the educational mill”which, he noted, is in sharp contrast to the more realisticpolicy in schools and colleges of preventing those withweak hearts or lungs from taking part in strenuousathletic pursuits. Since then, colleges have graduallybeen paying more attention to the need for earlier rec¬ognition and more intelligent treatment of students withserious emotional disturbances.Confirmed in defianceWhen it comes to the less serious problems posed byrebellious but essentially healthy students, any goodeducator knows that the rebel is only confirmed in hisdefiance when he sees himself vindictively or scorn¬fully treated with little, if any, concern as an individual,in spite of the professed brotherly love for him of theChristian community.The late psychoanalyst Fritz Wittels rightly pointedout the enormous difference in the effect on the culpritwhen punishment is administered by those who carefor him, as by a father in childhood who wants to con¬tinue to love the naughty child, or by those in institutionsor state who neither care for him nor are interested inhis welfare. The wise father and the good teacher in¬tuitively know that lasting repentance and ultimate self-discipline are not products of terror and force alone.The student’s war for independence does not, how¬ever, always display the more Obvious forms^of sub¬mission and rebellion described above. The majorityof students seem to oscillate somewhere between theseextremes, being on the whole perhaps more rebelliousthan submissive. Those who read standard histories ofuniversity life, where, as Rashdall observed, “the lifeof the virtuous student has no annals,” are not sur¬prised to find that they have been a rebellious lot fromthe beginning. Haskins in his informative The Rise ofthe Universities records that in 1317 the students atBologna not only brought the townsmen to terms bythreatening to go elsewhere, but also laid down strictregulations governing the teaching of their professors,who were subject to fines for absences and other con¬trolling maneuvers.We also learn that in medieval Paris students wentabout armed with swords and knives, attacking citizens,abusing women and slashing off one another’s fingers.Elsewhere, it is said that prior to the present century,outbreaks of violence against college officials and prop¬erty were more extensive and frequent than they are12, 1959 today in American colleges, and were seemingly worst Iat Ihe most puritanical collegs. On-the other hand, it iswell known that there have been periods when studentssubmitted to a much more rigorous academic disciplinethan at present, at least in a physical sense.From the standpoint of the psychological relationshiptoday between the older and younger generations, itwould be an anomaly if in these more democratic timeseither generation were to revert to the attempts at *physical domination of the feudal post. But he wholooks will find that the conflict goes on in other lessobvious ways. It has, so to speak, been driven under¬ground.For instance, a student complains of a perplexinginability to concentrate on academic material, yet cmphasizes that he would like ultimately to follow hisfather’s career in teaching: meanwhile, he feels tenseand miserable except when engaged in extracurricularactivities. Another has had extensive medical investigations, with entirely negative results, of his complaint ofrecurring digestive upset, which, on inquiry, is found tobe associated particularly with times of stress and examination. A third, while professing to want to remainin the university from which his father graduated, is .in danger of dismissal because he cuts classes fromoversleeping, which he says he can neither correct norunderstand.Conflict in conscienceExamples like these could be multiplied. But a recitalof their bare outlines does not adequately convey therich and subtle interplay of defensive and offensivemaneuver that goes on. Often conflict is not ostensiblywith authority at all, but with what we now recognizeas its inner representative and ally, the conscience.The college psychiatrist encounters many instanceswhere such inner warfare leads to apparently senselessdilemmas or pointless activities. These can only be understood when viewed in terms of the struggle within,reflecting in part a desire to yield to temptation and inpart the scruples about it. Students can, of course,justify themselves with compelling logic and eloquence, trecalling Shaw’s observation that excellent reasons canbe found “for every conceivable course of conduct, fromdynamiting and vivisection to martyrdom.” I share thefeeling with colleagues that a university would be adead and dusty place if all students were models ofconformity. But I can also sympathize with the professorwho once said that a university would be a wonderfulplace if there were no undergraduates in it.When we turn to the strategies that the oldergeneration employs to meet these offensive forays ofstudents, during the years of their rebellion, we findon the college campus that they gravitate toward twoopposite extremes, neither of which seems sensible orpracticable from a psychiatric or pedagogical point ofview. At one extreme, there are those who rely heavilyon impersonal disciplinary retaliation when studentsexhibit unusual behavior or become troublesome. Theseare the upholders of traditions and rules at all costs,the sensitive spirits who beneath an impersonal maskreact to the offending student as though they had beenpersonally affronted themselves. At the other extreme,there are those among the older generation so easilyinfluenced by the student’s point of view that if theirattitude prevailed there would inevitably be chaos and 4ineffective leadership and education.Against punishmentBoth extremists view the psychitrist’s approach ac¬cording to their own predilections. The disciplinariansassume that the psychiatrist is indubitably against anypunishment whatsoever and thus favors anarchy on thecampus. The opposite group tends to be so convinced ofthe basic stability and intellectual capacity of any stu¬dent who has been admitted to college that it suspectsthe psychiatrist of magnifying mental pathology wherenone exists, or of wanting to substitute some drearyform of adjustment for all the excitement and colorthat rebellious youth brings to the campus. Both viewsmiss the mark.Concerning the disciplinarian viewpoint, it is now .becoming well known that punishment must take into ^account the individual as well as his offense. In otherwords, we are beginning to realize that there are ab¬normal states which no amount of punishment can curebut in fact may aggravate instead. Until the compara¬tively recent pioneer work of the psychiatrist WilliamSee ‘War,’ page II'- j.'. %’i*y • > ’ rj '4»<4J .1 V I ICommunists sponsorby Joel Ashenfarb. This summer, some 20,000youths representing over 100nations will congregate inVienna to participate in the sev¬enth biennial World Youth festi¬val. The Festival, which will lastfrom July 26 to August 4, hast>een the center of much contro-versey concerning its political in¬tentions and has recently beendenied the official support pf suchrepresentative youth groups asthe US National Student associa¬tion and the Young Adult council.(The NSA has encouraged indi¬viduals to attend.) Their conten¬tions have arisen out of anexamination of past performancewhich gives evidence as to thenature and purpose of the festi¬val.Literature about the festival,being distributed in this countryby its International PreparatoryCommittee (IPC) in Vienna, andby its official American affiliate,the United States festival com¬mittee, have refrained from men¬tioning the political purpose ofthis or past festivals. It simplyinvites Americans to form an of¬ficial delegation for . . thatoccasion where young people theworld over will be able to shareexperiences and further the causeof mutual understanding andfriendship.” On other occasions,the IPC has specifically deniedthe political purpose of the festi¬val:“We once again assure you, allthe youth of Austria and allyoung people of the world, thatthe festival will in no circum¬stances be misused for party pur¬poses or to the detriment of anyorganization, ideology or religionof any country whatsoever.”(Volksstimme, official organ ofthe Austrian Communist party,June 28, 1958.)Contrary to this negative inter¬pretation of the Festival's political ambitions, research shows that,far from being non political andnon-partisan, as the IPC claims,the Festivals are major instru¬ments of Soviet foreign policy.Each of the six past Festivalsbears the major likenesses ofhaving been sponsored by two or¬ganizations known as the Inter¬national Union of Students (IUS)and the World Federation of Dem¬ocratic youth (WFDY >; each hasbeen held in a Communist coun¬try, and each has conformed tocurrent Communist strategy asdictated by the requirements ofSoviet foreign policy. Contrastedwith the previous IPC statement,an executive meeting of the WorldFederation of Democratic youthin December, 1958, stated that:“Four hundred American youthwill participate in the comingYouth festival in Vienna. No onecan prevent the American youthfrom strengthening their friend¬ship and solidarity with the youthof the world, especially with theyouth of Latin America who arefighting for freedom from theyoke of the US monopolies.”The WFDY resolutions went onto condemn American “imperialistintervention” in South Vietnam,Formosa, and South Korea. Forthe “People’s Democratic govern¬ments” of the Soviet Union andher satellites there was onlypraise.The sixth world Youth festivalheld in Moscow, cost the Sovietsa conservative estimate of onehundred million dollars, in addi¬tion to impressive amounts oftime and effort. Though not al¬ways successful as their organ¬izers had hoped, this outlay ofvast sums of money and impor¬tant personnel is channeled to¬wards specific areas which areexpected to bear the fruit of theexpenditure. The Soviets see threebasic target groups affected pos¬itively by the Festival, listed here youth festival slated for Viennain their respective order of prior¬ity:1.The recent Soviet propa¬ganda effort has*been particularlydirected at the peoples of Africa,Asia, the Middle East and LatinAmerica. These populous and nowrapidly developing areas are rec¬ognized as the power centers ofthe future.Anthony Quainton (at lower left in white shirt), a 23-year-old American studying at Oxford, is surrounded byinterested Russians as he discusses memorized portions ofthe United Nations report on Hungary. Moscow, 1957, atthe Sixth World Youth festival.Instead of condemning all strug¬gling new governments that arenot Communist-led, the Soviet Un¬ion has adopted the united fronttechnique of appearing to fosterthe popular forces of nationalismin order to control them and togain mass appeal. The Sovietmessage is one of friendship fromCommunist countries, and exploi¬tation by the Western powerswho are charged with beingsolely responsible for the impov¬erished condition of these areas.By attracting thousands ofyouth from Asia, Africa, the Mid¬dle East, and Latin America toa Communist-organized event inwhich the Soviets and Chinese arestar performers, and by creatinga popular image of the Festivalin the minds of youth back homewho cannot attend, they hope towin these young people to theconviction that Communist supe¬riority is not onfy inevitable butdesirable.New nations eager to win therespect of the international com¬munity and achieve rapid mod¬ernization are told they canachieve their goals only by usingthe quick industrialization tech¬niques offered by the communistsystem and its accompanyingideology. To colored nations, theysay that true racial equality canexist only under Communism.2.Festivals are seen as ameans of instilling optimism, sol¬idarity and discipline in the youthof the Communist orbit. By allow¬ing the controlled freedom of afestival, Communist governments hope to provide a safe outlet forrestive spirits and the craving foroutside contact. They feel that, bydemonstrating their ability to at¬tract “representative” youth fromall over the world, they will provethat destiny is really ,with Com¬munism since it appeals so broad¬ly to the “wave of the future”.3.The third target group,youth from the West, is, thethe Soviets realize, a difficult oneto reach and to handle. In thepre-united front period, the West¬ern youth invited by festival or¬ ganizers were largely Communistswho could be trusted to corrob¬orate Soviet propaganda. Theunited front, however, attracts asmany non-Communist young peo¬ple as possible (without of course,losing control of the delegations)in order to demonstrate Sovietgood will and world unificationunder the banner of Communist-style peace and friendship.The Soviets have developed aduel set of objectives which arebuilt into the program of theSee ‘History,’ page 24Reik describes the war of generations(from page 10)Healy, begun in 1908, the law, for example, was stilloperating under the assumption that the vast majorityof juvenile delinquents are of essentially sound mind,can control perverse impulses and will respond favor¬ably to punishment. Since then, through the work ofjuvenile courts and the psychological appraisal ofoffenders, society has been discovering, sometimes toits chagrin, that unwittingly it has been actively per¬secuting individuals who are so powerfully driven toantisocial behavior that they appear genuinely unableto restrain themselves as normal individuals can do,and so must be judged to be in some respects irrespon¬sible and provided for in some other way than the lawtraditionally decrees.Psychiatrist’ distinguishesOn the campus, the very word “irresponsible” appliedto a student is apt to evoke the itch to punish ratherthan the urge to investigate. The college psychiatrist, forhis part, has to distinguish between students whoseperversities come against a background of reasonablestability, and those who are rendered “irresponsible”by some deeply ingrained intrapsychic disturbance. Take,for example, the phenomenon of examination anxiety.Because it is present in almost everyone to some degree,it is often assumed of little importance. Yet in a largeuniversity hardly a year goes by without several moreor less psychiatric casualties during the final examina¬tion period.The large majority of students can meet and surmountthis type of pressure without serious strain. But theproblem, as the psychiatrist sees it, is to recognize thatthere are occasional students so vulnerable already thatthis added strain of examinations can cause a degree ofincapacity well beyond the student’s ability to control.Fortunately, these exaggerated reactions to examina¬tions are not frequent nor are they always of seriousimport. But occasionally they are symptomatic of deeplyentrenched and extensive emotional disturbances thatshould be recognized as early as possible.Turn deaf earIn the past, the first reaction of disciplinarians every¬where to the student who complains of being rattledon an examination is to turn a deaf ear, or if, as occa¬sionally happens, a blank examination paper has beenturned in, to feel incensed and to think of maximumpenalties. The student may at once be assumed to bedisrespectful, dishonest or flagrantly lazy, the choice ofdiagnosis being more in line with the disciplinarian’spet preconception than with the facts, and the treatmentbeing dictated more by fear that other students willbecome delinquent on examinations than by considera¬tions of the educational development of the individual.The disciplinarian has often, therefore, been strangelyreluctant to give the offending student careful andthoughtful scrutiny. Yet from both the psychiatric andeducational points of view, an inquiry aimed at someunderstanding of whether the student is in good mentalhealth has a more far-reaching significance than thespecific offense itself, or the question of whether to punish or not to punish. The student who says thatduring an important examination his mind becomesblank or behaves like a drunken man’s is confessing toinner disorganization that may have important implica¬tions regarding not only his mental health but his futureeducational development as well. Besides, an attitude ofinquiry that seeks to establish the facts of a student’sinner life will do more to alleviate cold war on the cam¬pus than one that presupposes, or is intent on, arbitrarydomination.Those lenient souls who, on the other hand, regardstudent aberrations and rebellions with an overly bene¬volent eye—perhaps finding in them a source of vi¬carious excitement and secret pleasure—run the samerisk as the disciplinarians of overlooking the educationalvalue of having some understanding of the student’sinner problems.I agree with Chancellor Lawrence A. Kimpton ofthe University of Chicago, who is recently reported tohave said that a great university must also have the“excitement of rebellion, the maladjustment of youth,”and “occasionally it should discipline itself in freedomby embracing and supporting a weird one just for hisweirdness.” But I have too much respect for the forceand vitality of rebellious yout to share his fear that theuniversity “would lose all its greatness if it were tor¬tured into adjustment through analysis” by the psychi¬atrist or by anyone else. The student has something tosay about whether he will submit to such analysis, andregardless of how desirable others may think such acourse to be, he nevertheless holds a veto power.No magic powerThe psychiatrist would be a megalomaniac indeed ifhe believed he had the magic power sometimes attrib¬uted to him for making unwilling rebels lay down theirarms. In fact, he would be inclined to wonder whetherthose who overlook this veto power of youth are notthemselves overestimating the power of the older gen¬eration to influence, guide, and to create in its ownimage. In short, he would caution educators and parents,as he must constantly caution himself, against the illu¬sions of omnipotence and omniscience.Tension and conflict between the old and the youngwill presumably always exist. But the problem ofwhether the individual’s aggressive energies will be ex¬pressed in useful or destructive ways has never beforecast such a deep and terrible shadow over human life.The student today, for example, must learn that atomicenergy is merely the concentrated projection of theseinner energies, made possible by the unified efforts ofmany, and thus not rightfully subject to arbitrary indi¬vidual control or caprice. That the days of unbridledindividualism are gone is a lesson that, at bottom, nohigh spirited young man wants to learn.Faced with the mounting urgency of this difficultproblem, college teachers and psychiatrists need to pooltheir efforts to promote a healthy understanding of theforces in the inner world. Up until the present century,man could enjoy the luxury of dismissing this innerproblem and concentrating his energies on achievingJune 12, mastery over the external world. He did so partly toavoid confronting himself with unpleasant aspects ofhis inner life, and partly because healthy and disciplinedintrospection is extraordinarily difficult in the face ofconflicting feeling and impulse and the demands of theoutside world. Thus the very word introspection con¬tinues to have unfavorable overtones, suggesting tomany extreme subjectivism and even disease. The psy¬chiatrist, however, recommends a kind of introspectionthat is based on more than the superficial data of innerthought. It must take into account not only what a stu¬dent tells us in apparent sincerity about his motives, butmust also square with what can be observed about hispresent behavior and his past tendencies.Freud of fifteenThe author-physician Oliver Wendell Holmes, per¬ceived with remarkable intiutive clarity why accurateintrospection is so elusive, as the following passage pub¬lished when Sigmund Freud was a mere boy of fifteenillustrates:There are thoughts that never emerge into con¬sciousness, which yet make their influence felt amongthe perceptible mental currents, just as the unseenplanets sway the movements of those which arewatched and mapped by the astronemer. Old preju¬dices, that are ashamed to confess themselves, nudgeour talking thought to utter magisterial veto . . . Themore we examine the mechanism of thought, the morewe shall see that the automatic, unconscious action ofthe mind enters largely into all its processes.Unusual students, and students who sometimes be¬have in unusual fashion, raise serious questions pertain¬ing to the philosophy of education in a democratic so¬ciety. They are complex questions that have long beendiscussed, such as the effect of coercion on students, theoptimum conditions for teaching and learning, the fateof non-conforming students in a system of mass educa¬tion, and many others. The psychiatrist cannot pretendto answer them. But he would feel that the solution ofsuch thorny questions depends not so much on general¬izations, or even on technical psychological knowledge,as on an attitude towards students similar to that of thephysician towards his patients. This attitude derivesfrom the great clinicians in medicine who over the cen¬turies discovered that if physician and patients havelearned from each other it has only been because theywere able to unite their energies against a commonenemy—disease. Moreover, it is an attitude that permitsacceptance of the individual in spite of dislike or evenloathing for his sickness. Ben Johnson remarked: “Iknow no disease of the soul but ignorance.”Must- join forcesAgainst this common enemy, ignorance, the old andthe young have long sought to join forces. But only inthis revolutionary twentieth century have we begun tohave glimmerings of the hidden source of much of theenemy’s power. Once we recognize that it resides inignorance of the deeper and more primitive emotionalself, which can bring to naught the proudest intel¬ligence, the campus cold war will take on a healthier,-and more worthwhile objective. •_* -1959 • CHICAGO MAROON • 11• Not a very good UniversityThere are few earthly things more beautiful than a Universitmay strive to know, where those who perceive truth mayfB^alike, band together in the search for knowledge, will honor 1ers in distress or exile, will uphold ever the dignity of thoughthings.They give to the young in their impressionable years the bonlife whose links will not be loosed until they die. They give yoiyouth longs, and that chance to the endless discussion of thetwould seem a waste of time. tThere are few earthly things as splendid as a University. Invalues, when the dams are down and the floods are makinggrim and every ancient foothold has become something of .stands and shines; wherever it exists the free minds of rrlfft,'tiwisdom into human affairs.12 • CHICACO MAROON • June 12, 1959If...simply the best there is •srsily. It is a plate where those who hate ignorancefi^e to make others see; where seekers and learnerstor thought in all its finer ways, will welcome think-jght and learning and will exact standards in thesebend of lofty purpose shared, of a great corporatei young people that close companionship for whichhe themes which are endless—without which youthIn these days of broken frontiers and collapsingdng misery, when every future looks somewhatof a quagmire, wherever a University stands, itfT/Urged on to full and fair enquiry, mgy still bring—John MasefieldJune 12, 1959 • CHICAGO MAROON • 13Law school—out of Chicago tradition . . .by Edward H. LeviDean, UC Law school .. ,,PERSONS familiar with the history of legal education in the United States points to the founding of the University of Chicago Law school irk/1902 asan important event. The founding was accomplished with the active collaboration of the Harvard Law school, which played a part in determining thecurriculum, which gave Professor Joseph Beale a leave of absence so that he might become-the first and organizing dean of the new Law school, andwhich arranged with the new school fora program whereby law students mightbegin in one law school and finish at theother. The formation of a Law schoolhad been actively sought by various mem¬bers of the faculties of the University ofChicago. Professor Ernst Freund of thePolitical department was a principal ad¬vocate for the new Law school. As amember of the new faculty, he becameone of the country's outstanding profes¬sors of law. His wide range of interests,particularly in the newer fields of legis¬lation and comparative law, were reflectedIn the curriculum of the school from thebeginning.The archives of the University showThe features appearing on pages14, 15 and 16 of this education supple¬ment mark the continuation of thetwo-year long Maroon series on theCollege, professional schools, depart¬ments and academic committee of theUniversity.Histories and explanations of theSchools of Business and Law appear inthis issue. Later issues of the Maroonwill present features on the Schools ofMedicine, Theology, Social Service,and Graduate library.£ • • •?: .*>• * • •**-*: <«*•»< •the active interest of President Harperin the new school. It was Harper’s sug¬gestion, for example, that scholarshipsbe established at chosen colleges of thestudent body. Harper also had to mediatebetween the views of the Harvard Lawfaculty and the somewhat broader con¬ception of Freund. Harper, Beale andFreund brought together an unexcelledgroup of scholars for the new Law school.James Parker, Hall, Floyd RussellMechem — who was brought from theUniversity of Michigan, Harry A. Bigelowand Freund himself were the nucleus ofthis great faculty. They were joined laterby such scholars as Edward Hinton, Ros-coe Pound, who stayed but briefly con¬tinued his close association with theSchool through summer school teaching,Frederic Woodward, who later becameVice-President of the University, WalterWheeler Cook, Ernst Puttkammer, Syd¬ney Schiff, now a prominent member ofthe Chicago Bar, George G. Bogert, previ¬ously dean of the law school at Cornell,and Kenneth Sears. The new school hadthe active help of the bench and bar.Judge Julian W. Mack was for manyyears a member of the faculty, as wasVThomas Swan, later Dean of the YaleLaw school and Judge of the FederalCourt of Appeals, Percy Eckhart, leading• Chicago attorney, and Horace Kent Ten¬ney, who was a member of the first fac¬ulty. The Law school moved into its newbuilding in 1903—a building made pos¬sible through a gift from John D. Rocke¬feller and proudly described by the Uni¬versity as “one of the most completelyequipped buildings devoted to the studyof law in this country.” The law libraryof “about eighteen thousand volumes” wasdescribed as “believed superior to that ofany other law school in the West.”As the quotation reveals, the Schoolwas conscious of its position as a pioneerin the West. Chicago joined with Harvard^>jq a deliberate and self-conscious effortto raise the standards of legal education.The June, 1903 Announcements of theSchool records that at the time of its or¬ganization only one law school in the Mid¬dle West (the College of Law at OhioState university) “required for admissionmore than the completion of a high-schoolcourse, and the great majority of lawstudents were not men of college train¬ing.” ‘The University of Chicago,” theAnnouncement reads, “while concedingthat law schools of the prevailing typeare and for a considerable time will con¬tinue to be a necessity, yet believed thatits position and its resources gave it anopportunity, arid made it its daty, to adopt14 • CHICAGO MAROONthe highest standard of legal educationand to establish its Law school upon thefoundation of academic work.” The Lawschool from the time of its formation wasfirm in its resolve to be professional. Its“first and foremost vocation,” the. An¬nouncement stated, was “to train law¬yers.” Its purpose was to give “adequatepreparation for the practice of law as aprofession.” At the same time the An¬nouncements proclaimed the belief that“professional work properly conductedhas much the same cultural value as aca¬demic work” and the purpose of theschool was stated as twofold: “(1) toafford adequate preparation for the prac¬tice of law as a profession in any juris¬diction in which the common law prevails; and (2) to cultivate and encouragethe Scientific study of systematic andcomparative jurisprudence, legal historyand principles of legislation.”THIS bland statement of purpose con¬cealed a tug of war between Freund andthe Harvard Law faculty as to the appro¬priate scope for a law curriculum. Thecontroversy can be followed in historicdocuments in the University’s archives.For example, on April 2, 1902, Beale ofHarvard, about to become the first deanof the new school, wrote to PresidentHarper that the leave of absence whichHarvard had granted Beale was condi¬tioned on Chicago having “ideals andmethods similar to” Harvard’s. If thiswere not the case, Beale wrote, Harvard“should not have considered your proposi¬tion.” But what Professor Freund seemedto have in mind “was absolutely opposedto our ideas and methods.” The “funda¬mental plan” at Harvard, Beale wrote,was “we take a student for three years,and demand all his time. We permit himto do no serious work outside . . . strictlylegal subjects. . . . The faculty ... iscomposed solely of persons who teachlaw in the strict sense of the word.” ButFreund “wishes to put into the three yearcourse subjects which are not law in anysense. . . . This is a very serious matter,and one which I regard as of radical im¬portance.” Among Beale’s conditions werethese: “No subjects shall be taught inthe School or counted toward the degreebut strictly legal subjects.” ‘The policyof the school shall be formulated in thefirst instance by a faculty consisting onlyof lawyers.”The substance of the Freurid-Harvard• June 12, 1959 controversy was further explained by aletter from Dean Ames of Harvard Lawto President Harper. “First, as to thecurriculum,” Ames wrote, “ProfessorFreund suggested that 2/9 of the workleading to the degree should consist ofsubjects belonging properly in the depart¬ments of Political Science or Sociology.”“We have no such subjects in our curri¬culum,” Ames wrote, “and are unanimous¬ly opposed to the teaching of anythingbut pure law in our department, nor wouldthe transfer of such subjects to a post¬graduate year in the School accord withour conception of the true function ofa law school.” Ames was sure that “noone, but a lawyer, teaching law, shouldbe a member of a law faculty.” The suc¬cess of Harvard, he wrote, “is due in nosmall degree to the solidarity of our fac¬ulty and to its concentration upon thework of teaching the law pure and sim¬ple.” Ames was also uncertain thatFreund, and perhaps Mechem, “an un¬known quantity,” believed in the casemethod, and the uncertainty was mademore important because of Harper’s state¬ment that “lawyers on your Board ofTrustees ... do not believe in us.” TheHarvard collaboration was to be depend¬ent upon the understanding that Harperdesired “a School with a curriculum ofpure law, with a Faculty made up ex¬clusively of professors who are lawyers”and who believed “in Harvard standardsand Harvard methods.” In general it canbe said that Harvard and Beale won thiscontroversy. Freund was allowed to de¬velop his pioneering course in administra¬tive law, and jurisprudence of course waspart of the l#w curriculum. One unfor¬tunate consequence of the controversywas to put international law outside ofthe Law school for many years.THE LAW school moved steadily aheadunder its adopted program. Its facultywas regarded as preeminent. The inter¬ruption of the First World War brokethe continuity and diminished slightly thecloseness of the collaboration with Har¬vard. The program of interchanging stu¬dents ceased at that time. The Schoolexerted a powerful influence in raisingand maintaining standards. In one respectthe School deviated sharply from the Har¬vard plan, and there is some reason tobelieve that this deviation was insistedupon by Dean Hall, who succeeded Beale,and the law faculty. The School was kept relatively small. This was in accord withthe statement in the first Announcementthat the “closest personal relations be¬tween instructor and student will be en¬couraged.” The plans for the building,indeed, had included an enormous wingwhich was never built but which showedclearly that what Beale had in mind wasa large law school of Harvardian size.Many years later when Hall wrote aboutthe attributes of the School he chose toemphasize the excellence of its faculty,the insistence upon standards and thesmall size, relatively speaking, of theclasses.Looking back, one may also add thatanother Chicago feature was the closerelationship between the law faculty andthe other parts of the University. Harperhad insisted that the School was to be anorganic part of the University, in closetouch with the other divisions, embody¬ing the spirit and purpose of universitylife, and, in turn, contributing to that life.This indeed was one of the contributingcauses for the Freund-Harvard contro¬versy. The decision on the curriculum didnot prevent this close relationship. It wasa distinctive feature of the Universityand of the Law school. The early workof Roscoe Pound reflects the influence ofthis type of interaction.It would not be correct to state thatthe curriculum adopted in 1902 continuedunchanged until 1937. There were manychanges, of course, and whatever the formof the curriculum, the courses themselvesreflected the prodigious scholarship of aleading faculty. Yet there was great sta¬bility which was shaken in the 1930’sunder the impact of the changing condi¬tions of law and the profession of law,the development of whole new areaswhich had to be taught, and the respon¬siveness of a young and pioneering fac¬ulty. The result was what was called “TheNew Plan” and which probably was thefirst of all the new plans then makingtheir appearance on the campus of theUniversity of Chicago. The New Plan wasadopted in 1937, when Harry Bigelow wasdean of the Law school, and was workedout by a faculty committee headed byProfessor Wilber Katz, who later, as deanof the Law school, carried out and im¬plemented the new program. From theposition of twenty years later, one cansay that this New Plan made numerousSee ‘Framework/ page 15... framework for experimentation, learningffrom page *«Vimportant eootrtbetions to legal education.y^» k> many new plans, in some respects,It wee many years ahead of its time. Thei^gpoee of the New Kan was emphaticallyand dearly stated in the 1937 Announce¬ments as follows: “The curriculum of thelaw school tinder the New Plan is de¬signed not only to prepare students forprofessional activities as advocates andcounselors on legal matters, out also toprepare them for judicial, legislative, andadministrative positions. The program isbased upon a belief that the more im¬portant problems confronting lawyers,judges, and legislators are basically eco¬nomic and social, and that broad trainingis essential to equip law school graduatesto cope with them. To this end the pro¬gram of the School is planned to givethe student a comprehension of and pro¬ficiency In the technical and traditionallegal subjects and to integrate these stud¬ies with subjects such as economics andpolitical theory, history, ethics, logic andpsychology. The study of legal history,Jurisprudence, and comparative law isintroduced as contributing to this inte¬gration.” The New Plan envisaged a fouryear law curriculum, although studentswith college degrees were permitted totake the program in three years. It at¬tempted to abolish course examinationsand to substitute comprehensive examina¬tions at the end of each year. It createda required program, but permitted rough¬ly half of the work in the third and fourthyears to be in fields of specialization. Theintegration announced as an objective ofthe New Plan ran in several directionsthrough the fields of specialization toeconomics, to political science, to psychol¬ogy—to mention only a part of the goals.THE NEW Kan provided a frameworkfor experimentation and learning. It grewout of the Chicago tradition, and its rootsgo back to the first Freund plan. It madeIt necessary and possible for the facultyto rethink and reorganize the traditionallaw courses, endeavoring to consolidate,preserving the basic traditional courses,and yet making room for the newer sub¬jects such as taxation, trade regulationand corporate reorganization and bank¬ruptcy. It resulted in adding an economist,Henry Simons, to the law faculty, andthe whole law faculty went to school underHenry Simons to learn economics. Some¬what similar enterprises were carried outwith the psychology department. The tra¬ditional interest of the Law school in phi¬losophy of law and comparative law foundheavy emphasis. The Second World Warin effect made unworkable much of themachinery of the New Plan; the influxof students after the war, entering at dif¬ferent times and on accelerated programs,made many of the required parts of theprogram unworkable. The Law schoolwent back to course examinations and toan elective program save for a requiredfirst year. The School abandoned the fouryear program. But the impact of the NewPlan was to be seen clearly in the tradi¬tional law school program which thendeveloped out of the experience which hadbeen gained. ■object has entered into the curricula ofother leading schools.Fourth, there was the emphasis on juris¬prudence reflected today in Karl Llewel¬lyn’s first year course in Elements of theLaw.Fifth, the experience and, one may hope,wisdom brought about by the New Planhas led to a continuing interest in thedata and theories of the social scienceswhich have had their greatest impact inparts of the research program. As to thislast point, one may direct attention to thestudy Delay fan the Court, a product ofthe Law school's research program, au¬thored by Zeisel, Kalven and Buchholr ofthe Law school, and presently to be pub¬lished by Little, Brown and Company.Interestingly enough, Professor BenjaminKaplan of the Harvard Law school, in aprepublication review of the book, haswritten: ‘The greater significance of thiswork lies in the fact that it is a deliberateexperiment in combining the skills of thelawyer with the techniques—especially the‘quantifying’ techniques—of the socialscientist. The experiment has been highlysuccessful. It will point the way to similarcombined attacks on other refractory pub¬lic problems.” And sixth, the New Planprovided a parallel emphasis on legal his¬tory reflected today in Professor Cross¬key’s monumental history of the forma¬tion of the Constitution.ONE NEED not look far, however, tofind continuity throughout the history ofthe School in its major characteristics.From the beginning, the School was tobe professional, with the highest standardsof craftsmanship, and with close relation¬ships to the profession. The training inlegal writing, in drafting, the work in lawrevision, the growth of the School as amajor law center, the commitment of theSchool to research “to contribute to theadministration of justice,” the closenessof the School to the work of the courtsand to the bar are all developments ofthis initial emphasis. But the School wasalso to be an organic part of the Univer¬sity and its purpose was to cultivate thescientific study of systematic and com¬parative jurisprudence. The close relation¬ship with the rest of the University, theemphasis on research “to further theknowledge of legal institutions,” the dedi¬cation to the cultural values of the studyof law form a consistent theme. And third,Chicago placed its greatest emphasis ona superior faculty. Probably uniqueamong law schools, although characteristicof this University, the University of Chi¬cago Law school was created overnightwith a faculty of major importance. Therewas no groping to eminence. The Schoolbegan with it.In the developments since the SecondWorld War the School has continued toreflect these themes. The faculty bur¬geoned into a position of undoubted su¬periority—a varied, diverse group reflect¬ing not only the experiences of Chicago,or the training which it gave to its ownstudents, but the best in legal educationfrom many places. Roscoe Steffen cameto the School from his law professorshipat Yale to become the John P. Wilsonprofessor of Law. Then Karl Llewellynleft his Betts Professorship at ColumbiaLaw school to join the faculty. With SoiaMentschikoff (Mrs. Karl Llewellyn), thefirst woman law professor at Harvard,the faculty of Steffen, Llewellyn, Ment¬schikoff and Sharp was the strongest com¬ mercial law group in the country. AllisonDunham then left his professorship atColumbia to join with Sheldon Tefft tocontinue Chicago’s position in the prop¬erty field. Brainerd Currie left the dean-ship of the University of Pittsburgh;Philip Kurland came from the faculty ofNorthwestern; Francis Allen left his pro¬fessorship at Yale. Jo Desha Lucas, whohad received his training at Virginia, Co¬lumbia and the Maxwell school, and RogerCramton, law clerk to Judge Watermanof the Federal Court of Appeals for theSecond Circuit, and to Justice Harold Bur¬ton, joined the faculty. The result hasbeen to give Chicago an outstandinggrouping in each major area of law, as,for example, Rheinstein, Currie and Kat-zenbach in the field of conflict of laws;Meltzer, Currie and Kurland in the fieldof procedure and evidence; Crosskey,Allen and Kurland in constitutional law;Katz, Director, Blum and Steffen in thearea of law and economics. This was afaculty with varied experience in the prac¬tice of law, in government service and inteaching. Consequently the growth of theSchool in a number of directions was in¬evitable.A FEW examples will suffice. AaronDirector, the successor to Henry Simons,gave renewed stature to the School’s pro¬gram of teaching and research in lawand economics, and with Director as edi¬tor, the School began the publication ofthe Journal of Law and Economics. Wal¬ter Blum and Harry Kalven teamed uptogether to write one of the outstandingmodem legal essays on The Uneasy Casefor Progressive Taxation. Brainerd Curriebegan a series of provocative and stimulat¬ing articles in the field of conflict of laws;the same has been true of Meltzer in laborlaw and evidence. Kalven, Hans Zeisel(professor of Law and Sociology), Ment¬schikoff, Dunham, Blum, Cramton, Stef¬fen and Rheinstein have led a brilliantseries of projects in the field of lawand behavioral science. Tefft initiated andbecame chairman of a unique programwhich brings to the School Common¬wealth scholars from around the world.Max Rheinstein originated and carriedforward a program to train American lawstudents in the civil law and then to sendthem abroad for a year under supervision.Lucas, Dunham and Katzenbach gave theSchool unique stature in the field of leg¬islation, law revision and local govern¬ment, continuing the work begun byKenneth Sears. In a similar way, FrancisAllen, one of the outstanding professorsof criminal law in this country, has con¬tinued the work of Ernst Puttkammer.With Nicholas Katzenbach (currently ad¬vising the American UN delegation onspace law) and Malcolm Sharp, the Lawschool brought international law into acentral position in its curriculum. WilberKatz, even though he also directs the tu¬torial program, has begun a series ofessays in law and theology and lav/ andethics, paralleling his pioneering work inaccounting and corporation law. Whenthe Conference of Chief Justices wishedto have placed before them in analysisof the problems of federal state relation¬ships, they turned to Philip Kurland andfour other members of the law faculty —Roger Cramton, Allison Dunham, FrancisAllen and Bernard Meltzer — for the basicessays. The work of the School has goneon with the dosest collaboration withmembers of other faculties — such as Edward H. LeviStrodtbeck, associate professor of SocialPsychology; Edward A. Shils, professorof Sociology and Social Thought; ErnestA. Haggard, professor of Psychology, De¬partment of Psychiatry, The University ofIllinois; and Morton A. Kaplan, assistantprofessor of Political Science.The School’s work cannot be pigeon¬holed into any one category. There is thecraftsmanship of the penetrating analysisof law of Currie and Meltzer; there is thecollaboration with the social sciences ofKalven, Zeisel and Mentschikoff; there isthe development of legal history of Cross¬key and Kurland; there is the revision ofstatutes to meet pressing needs of Allen,Dunham and Lucas; there is the newmanuscript, now being completed, in thefield of jurisprudence on the work of theappellate courls, by Karl Llewellyn. Theprogram has followed the faculty.NEW opportunities have been createdfor the School by the location of the Amer¬ican Bar center on the University campus.The creation of the Edwin Mandel LegalAid clinic, staffed by law students, hasenriched student life, just as have the LawReview, the Moot court, the Student asso¬ciation, the Student Lawyer Journal, andthe Law school residence halls. Indeed,the new buildings of the Law school con¬nected with Burton-Judson residence halls,adjacent to the American Bar center, con¬taining the Weymouth Kirkland court¬room, in which the Illinois Supreme Courthas said it will hold some of its regularcases, present an unparalleled develop¬ment for the students of law who comefrom thirty-seven states, nineteen foreigncountries and territories, and 208 universi¬ties and colleges. Of this development,Chief Justice Warren has said: “It will beunique among the law schools of theworld. ... It will provide the best oppor¬tunity in America for an integrated ap¬proach to the many problems that con¬front all of us in the administration ofJustice.”First, there was the emphasis on thetutorial program. The New Plan hadbrought a legal writing program into theLaw school under the guidance of thefaculty and implemented by teaching fel¬lows to whom the first year law studentswere assigned. This development was re¬tained and furthered, and indeed has beencopied, although often modified, is mostmajor law schools in the United States.Second, there was the pioneering em¬phasis on economics and accounting whichalso has become a commonplace in mod¬ern law schools.Third, there was the development ofcomparative law which had been givena central place m the New Kan, and whereChicago, with the first professorship incomparative law m the country, has con¬tinued to occupy a leading position as the • • . and the newOldest school describedby James LorieActing dean, Business schoolTHE GRADUATE school ofBusiness is the University’soldest professional school,with the exception of the Divinityschool, and its largest in terms ofstudents. Currently, over 1,000students are working for the de¬gree of Master of Business admin¬istration, about 300 on campusand the balance in the School’sdowntown classrooms at 190 EastDelaware Place. Approximately35 students are working on cam¬pus for the PhD degree. Enroll¬ment has increased rapidly in re¬cent years, though not so rapidlyas applications. The tremendousincrease in applications has per¬mitted standards to be raisedgreatly at the same time that en¬rollment has been increasing.Next fall, approximately 357 stu¬dents are expected on campus.Students come from 42 states,17 foreign countries, and morethan 100 undergraduate institu¬tions. Students come from manykinds of undergraduate institu¬tions, but graduates of liberal artscolleges predominate. Applica¬tions and enrollment from liberalcolleges in the Northeast have in¬creased especially rapidly andcurrently are greater than forany other part of the country.About 15 per cent of the studentsenrolled in the School on campuscome from the College of the Uni¬versity of Chicago.The faculty, too. comes frominstitutions of many differentkinds and from all parts of thecountry. Of the faculty of about60 in the fall of 1959, approxi¬mately 40 have been appointedwithin the past three years. Thefaculty includes mathematicians,sociologists, statisticians, account¬ants, lawyers, economists, psy¬chologists, and men trained in theapplication of these disciplines tobusiness problems in such fieldsas marketing, finance, industrialrelations, and production. Recentappointments have come fromHarvard, MIT, Williams. Dart¬mouth. Columbia, Johns Hopkins,and Northwestern. They holdgraduate degrees not only fromthese institutions but also fromforeign universities such as Hei¬delberg, London, and Stockholm.Other recent appointments havecome from institutions such asthe RAND corporation, StandardOil of Indiana, the National Bur¬eau of Economic research, Gen¬eral Electric, Resources for theFuture, Inc., and the Burroughscorporation.THE DIVERSITY of the faculty and its predominant groundingin basic disciplines is a reflectionof the School’s philosophy of ed¬ucation and the curriculum de¬rivative from it. The School's phil¬osophy at the present time is con¬sistent with tradition stretchingback to 1898, the year in whichthe School was founded. TheSchool does not teach the currentpractices and techniques of busi¬ness which will soon be obsoleteand can be taught as well by busi¬ness itself, but rather teaches thefundamental disciplines underly¬ing the practice of business andindicates their relevance for thesolution of business problems.This philosophy is based upon thepremise that education for effec¬tive performance in managementis a life-long process to which agraduate school of business canmake its greatest contribution byenhancing a man’s capacity forsubsequent education thraoughexperience.As Dean W. Allen Wallis recent¬ly commented, “Men currentlygraduating from business schoolswill be active in business untilthe twenty-first century. At thepeak of their responsibility, theywill be called upon to solve prob¬lems which cannot at this timeeven be formulated and whichwill require knowledge that doesnot now exist.” The most effec¬tive graduate education increasesthe student’s sensitivity to hisbusiness environment, suggestspertinent questions, and providesa coherent framework into whichhis experience can be integrated. In accordance with this reason¬ing, the first year of the two-yearMBA program is devoted to thebasic disciplines. A student takescourses in economics, law, behav¬ioral science, statistics, account¬ing, and econometrics. The partic¬ular courses required of each stu¬dent are adapted to his previouseducation and ultimate objectives,but the courses must be distribu¬ted among the fields specified. Inthe second year the studentchooses a field of specializationfrom among the following: ac¬counting, economics, statistics,mathematical methods and com¬puters, finance, marketing, indus¬trial relations, and production.Typioallj', three courses are re¬quired in each of these fields andthree are electives. The electivesmay be chosen from a great rangeof courses, many offered in otherdepartments of the University.There is a large two-way flow ofstudents to and from the School,a reflection of the unusual inte¬gration of the School with therest of the University. (This inte¬gration is also, indicated by thenumber of joint appointments andcooperative projects between theSchool’s faculty and other fac¬ulties.UNLIKE the MBA program,the PhD program is designed forthose who wish to do researchin either academic or industrialsettings or who wish to teach.Students desiring the PhD areencouraged to work for it directlyafter receiving an undergraduatedegree rather than after receivingthe MBA. The PhD curriculumhas recetly been changed and nowis built around four examinations:(1) A comprehensive examina¬tion in a basic discipline chosenfrom among the behavioral scien¬ces, mathemtics, or economics;(2) Comprehensive examinationsin two fields of specialization inthe Graduate school of business;and (3) An oral examination onthe dissertation. There are otherrequirements for the PhD degree,but they are peripheral to theseexaminations and to the disserta¬tion.Perhaps some clear idea of thecharacter of the curriculum ofthe School can be gained by con¬sidering a list of some of thecourses offered in the variousfields of the School: (a) economicanalysis of the problems of thebusiness firm, (b) economic anal¬ysis of the general economy, (c)engineering economics and tech¬nological change, (d) internation¬al economics, (e) enterprise ac¬counting and financial reports,(f) income and working capital,(g) federal income taxation, (h)statistical bases of the design ofexperiments and investigations,(i) forecasting techniques, (j) in¬vestment analysis, (ki money andbanking, (1) management, unions,and collective bargaining, (m)wage theory and administration,(n) organization theory, structureand practice, (o) market research,(p) theories and analysis of con¬sumer markets, (q) work meth¬ods and measurement, (r) produc¬tion control and systems of wagepayment, (s) operations analysis,(t) formal models in business,(u) digital computers and appli¬cations, (v) public policies towardbusiness, (w) determinants ofpopular decision making, (x)methods in psychological assess¬ment, (y) business policies.A SPECIAL feature of the PhDprogram is the workshops. Aftera student has completed most ofhis courses, he is encouraged toenroll in a workshop in the fieldin which he hopes to write a dis¬sertation. Students typically aresubsidized during their participa¬tion in a workshop so that theycan concentrate their full atten¬tion on the research leading tothe dissertation. A workshop con¬sists of a small number of stu¬dents and a supervising facultymember who may have the assist¬ance of other faculty members.The workshop meets together reg¬ularly, typically once a week Ateach workshop session, one mem¬ber of the workshop te respon¬sible for discussing his problems,*r ' • r • « . progress, and ideas for solvinghis problems. Students have anopportunity to learn not onlyfrom the criticism of their ownwork but also from the opportu¬nity to criticize the work of oth¬ers on related subjects. This sys¬tem seems to have enormous ad¬vantages over the conventionalsystem of PhD study in whichstudents have only irregular in¬frequent, and brief contacts withsupervising faculty members. Inthe fall of 1959, five workshopswill be started in the followingfields: finance, accounting, indus¬trial organization, urban econom¬ics, and industrial relations. Sub¬sequently, other workshops will beadded in the fields in which theyspecialize. The idea of these work¬shops was taken from the depart¬ment of Economics, where theyhave had very great success inrecent years.In both the MBA and PhD pro¬grams, the predominant methodof instruction is by lecture anddiscussion. Since most of thecourses are built on establishedknowledge, it seems more effi¬cient to have an expert teach itand lead discussion rather thanto have a free discussion of busi¬ness cases in which all partici¬pants are presumed to have equalauthority. The case method of in¬struction is reserved for the ter¬minal courses in the curriculumin which the effort is to show thedifficulties and opportunities ofapplying the basic subject matterwhich has been the focus of atten¬tion in the earlier parts of thecurriculum.As in most other parts of theUniversity, there is heavy empha¬sis on research in the Graduateschool of Business. No facultymember teaches more than sixhours a week and many teachless. Examples of research cur¬rently under way at the Schoolinclude studies of the economyof metropolitan Chicago, variousaspects of capital budgeting, themeasurement and interpretationof branad loyalty, the effects ofdifferent laws relating to depre¬ciation upon the rate of invest¬ment by business firms, the rela¬tionship between the rate of prof¬it and the rate of investment indifferent industries, the problemsof dealing effectively with differ¬ent kinds of restrictive businesspractices, factors determining thechanges in the prices of securi¬ties, new uses for high-speed com¬puters in the analysis of businessproblems, more efficient and ac¬curate measures of the rate offlow of branded merchandisethrough retail outlets, the post¬war American market for outo-mobiles, etc.THE RESULTS of the researchof the faculty are published in awide variety of publications, in¬cluding the School’s own Journalof Business. This Journal, found¬ed in 1922, was the first and is stillthe leading academic journal de¬voted to the analysis of businessproblems. Unlike some journals,the Journal of Business is notaimed at businessmen but ratherat research workers in the fieldof business. The School recentlyresumed publication of a seriesof books and monographs and hasseveral works in press at the mo¬ment. Among them is the studyof the economy of metropolitanChicago (already mentioned), re¬sults of the first international con¬ference under private auspices onthe control of restrictive businesspractices, a collection of essayson the theory and practice of cap¬ital budgeting, and an annotatedbibliography on creativity. Thisseries is resumed after a lapse ofseveral years. Earlier, it includedover 50 books and over 70 mono¬graphs. Among them are manyclassics in the field of economicand business analysis, includingsome of the important works ofJohn Maurice Clark, Paul Doug¬las, Joel Dean, J. O. McKinsey,and others.Publication is not the onlymeans by which the work of thefaculty is transmitted. The Schoolsponsors a wide variety of spe¬cial conferences, seminars, andlecture series. The annual events include the Business Economistsconference, the Management con¬ference, the Seminar for the Mort¬gage Bankers of Chicago, the LifeOfficers Investment seminar, andthe National Federation of Finan¬cial Analysis Societies seminar.Other programs which have beenconducted only once or which willbe conducted for only a few yearsare the McKinsey seminar onCommunication and Organizationand a special seminar being giventhis summer at Williams collegefor the faculties of other schoolsof business. This last conference,financed by the Ford foundation,is designed to acquaint facultiesof other schools of business withrecent developments in the fieldof business education and admin¬istration.FROM THE preceding para¬graphs! it can be seen that thefaculty of this School is drawnprimarily from the basic disci¬plines, that the curriculum isbased on the basic disciplineswhich are taught primarilythrough lecture and discussion,that there is a heavy emphasis onresearch, and that the kind of ed¬ucation offered by the School ismost attracttive to and effectivefor students with previous col¬legiate training in the liberal arts.'In most of these characteristics,the Graduate School of Businessof the University of Chicago dif¬fers markedly from other schoolsof business, where commonlythere is far greater emphasis onthe techniques of business and ofvocational training through theuse of cases. The current philos¬ophy and curriculum have evolv¬ed steadily and with no markedsetbacks or deviations throughoutthe School’s 61-year history. Thefirst administrative head of theGraduate school of Business wasJ. Lawrence Laughlin, chairmanof the department of PoliticalEconomy. Neither he nor Pres¬ident William Rainey Harper hadany intention of establishing atrade school at the newly foundedUniversity.IN HARPER’S words, “TheUniversity will be derelict in theperformance of its duty if it doesnot enter the new field openedup by industrial civilization . . .The times are asking not merelyfor men to harness electricity andsound but for men to guide us incomplex economic and social du¬ties. . . . Scientific guidance andinvestigation of great economicand social matters of everydayimportance are the crying needs.”The new School was to servethese needs not by training tech¬nicians by by educating busienssmanagers. Such an education ina complex and rapidly changingsociety required that courses betaught at a high level of generali¬ty and that they be focused ondeveloping analytical ability of a high order. Laughlin touched up¬on a central idea of the School’scurriculum from its inception tothe present day when he said thateducation must equip business ex¬ecutives to recognize and dealwith innovation.Throughout its history, theSchool has had a faculty distin¬guished among academicians. Ithas had leading figures in the pro¬fessional societies and the editorsof leading professional journals.Currently, for example, four jour¬nals are edited by members ofthe School faculty: Journal ofBusiness, Journal of the Ameri¬can Statistical Association, Jour¬nal of Finance, and Journal ofEconomic Development and Cul¬ture Change. One of the dangersagainst which it has been neces¬sary to be vigilant is isolation bythe faculty from the practicingprofession. Research is likely tobe sterile and leadership lackingif such isolation exists. Therefore,in recent years, the School hastaken strenuous steps to increasethe diversity and closeness of itsties with the business community.Three years ogo, under the leader¬ship of John L. McCaffrey, thenchairman of International Har¬vester, a council on the Graduateschool of Business was created.This Council includes approxi¬mately 30 prominent and thought¬ful businessmen who are helpfulto the School in many ways increating the ties that are so im¬portant. In addition to the Coun¬cil, there are the Associates ofthe Graduate school of Business,who not only contribute to its sup¬port but receive full informationabout the research activities ofthe faculty. Over 50 firms are nowassociates of the School and thelist is constantly growing. Fur¬ther, over 800 alumni of theSchool’s Executive program—atwo-year program of graduatestudy for men who are alreadyexecutives — are influential inover 500 different firms in theChicago area. Through these con¬tacts, the faculty not only has ac¬cess to research opportunities, butthe students have excellent oppor¬tunities to explore possible jobs.In this latter connection, the stu¬dents are given very effective as¬sistance by the newly-appointeddirector of placement in the Grad¬uate school of Business, DavidM. G. Huntington.FOR THE FUTURE, the Schoolexpects to continue to grow in itsdent body will increase for severalyears if the number and qualityof applicants is such as to permita continuing elevation of stand¬ards. The faculty will grow if thecurrent success in attracting out¬standing men can be continued.The School will cherish and culti¬vate further its numerous intel¬lectual ties with the other parts ofthe University.16 * GHICACO MAROON • June 12, 1959-Soviet article comments on '58 exchangeby Kent Geiger(Combridge) —-• The following translationof on article appearing in the Soviet magazineOgonek was made by Kent Geiger, on assistantprofessor of sociology at Tufts and presently aResearch fellow in the Harvard Russian Re¬search center. Geiger was the leader of theExperiment in International Living sub-groupof the 41 US students visiting Russia as partof the Cultural Exchonge program. Geiger'ssummory, which points up some of the chiefthemes is included at the end.On November 23,1948, the Soviet maga¬zine Ogonek, which has a format and cir¬culation in the USSR roughly comparableto that of Life in the USA published anarticle entitled We Visit Them; They VisitUs. It describes the reciprocal tours ofstudent and youth groups which wereamong the activities provided for by thecultural exchange agreement between theAmerican and Soviet Governments con¬cluded in January, 1958. The first suchexchange in the spring of 1958 consistedof small parties of student newspaper edi¬tors.The second was on a larger scale, involv¬ing 41 Americans who were in the USSRfor 39 days and 20 Soviet young peoplewho spent 30 days in the USA during thesummer of 1958.The article, which is very unfavorableto America, was written by Anatole Vali-uzhenich, a member of the student editorgroup which visited the USA. He was alsoassigned by the Committee of Youth Or¬ganizations of the USSR to assist theAmerican exchange group which visitedthe USSR during July and August, 1958.Purpose of articleThis translation of the article has beenmade in order to give English speakingreaders a chance to inspect a compact butrich and skillfully presented array of nega¬tive images and ideas about America. Thearticle is a particularly powerful one be¬cause it presents America in the mostconcrete form, that is, in specific episodesand in the words and actions of actualorganizations and individual Americanswho are identified by name.This kind of article cannot be said to betypical of the Soviet press treatment ofthe exchange program to date. At leastsome of the accounts which I have seenin Soviet publications have been quite de¬void of the bias shown in this one. . . ."Now we are going to the slaughter¬houses, a visit I was able to arrange, atyour request, but with some difficulty,”Walter Clemens said.We were so thankful to our guide thatwe did not even ask him exactly what dif¬ficulties he had met with. We were notsatisfied with the cursory inspection ofthe Boston metalworking plant, "Choiserand Schluger,” and the Chicago steelcast¬ing "Saut Work,” and it would have beenvery annoying not to visit the famousChicago slaughterhouses, about which wehad heard and read so much.“You are now In the Chicago slaughter¬houses, of Armour!” Ted Spear greets us.He is a tall, lean, middle aged man. "Irepresent the management and am re¬sponsible for public relations.”Ted Spear proposes that we begin theinspection of the slaughterhouses immedi¬ately.Trip to Armour"Please leave your cameras at the pas¬sageway,” our hospitable host adds."Okay?”We turn our cameras over to two localtrade union workers who in turn give uswhite robes, and we follow after the rapid¬ly moving Ted Spread."In the Armour slaughterhouses 660hogs and 220 head of cattle are slaught¬ered every hour. Live stock comes to us,and leaves us as sausages, semi-finishedproducts, and canned meat.”We are hardly able to keep up with TedSpear. He does not stop in the workshops,and he talks on the run, quickly and crisp¬ly. One remembers only the shop prepar¬ing pork cutlets. Women work here. Silent,unsmiling, strained faces. Their handsautomatically are raised and then lowered,again raised and with difficulty chop offa piece of meat from the inexorably mov¬ing carcasses on the conveyer belt. Bloodruns down on the dirty, pock-marked ce¬ment floor. The monotonous humming ofthe conveyor, the hoarse breathing of thewomen meat workers, and the stagnantstench of the poorly ventilated premises."Please don’t linger, and don’t botherthe workers with questions. They are notpermitted to talk during work hours. Allquestions in my office,” comes from ourguide as he hurries us along.The inspection of the Armour slaughter¬houses took place with such rapidity thatwe could use our notebooks only back inthe office. Here, In the presence of the twotrade union workers, who returned ourcameras and took our white robes, the con¬versation continued. “How many workers are tnere in theslaughterhouses ?”"Last summer there were 4,000. Nowthere are 2,800. Men and women work 8 or9 hours per day.”"Where are the other 1,200 people?”Ted Spear looks questioningly at thetrade union workers. That question, evi¬dently, is outside of his jurisdiction; heonly represents management.‘They are looking for other work. It isvery hard right now,” somewhat unwill¬ingly one of the trade union workers, afellow about 32, forces himself to say. Helowers his gaze and nervously fingers hiscigarette."What are they living on?”"On unemployment aid.”"All of them?”Question big business"Not all, of course. Only those who wereable to earn $600 here before their dis¬missal, and who presented evidence thatthey have looked for work but couldn’tfind it in other places.”The fellow lights up another cigaretteand takes a deep puff, as if giving to un¬derstand that the question has been set¬tled."What is the vacation system for theworkers?”"If he has worked one year, he has aweek off, if 3 years, 2 weeks; 15 years,3 weeks; 25 years, 4 weeks.”Ted Spear reels off these figures andasks jjnmediately:"Any more questions?”"Are there differences in the levels ofwork and pay?”"There are. But we are trying to raisewages for men as well as for women. Any¬thing more?”"How high is the pay?”"It varies. There are 24 different cate¬gories in the Armour slaughterhouses.”The conversation was obviously lagging.It seems we were rubbing salt in. the sen¬sitive areas of "free enterprise business.”"It’s that way not only at Armour. It'sthe same in other companies” said theother worker, a man getting on in yearswho had previously said nothing.A piercing glance from Spear forces himto stop in the middle of a sentence. TedSpear looks impatiently at his watch. Wewere given exactly 49 minutes to becomeacquainted with the “largest meat busi¬ness in the world.”"We are in San Francisco,” exulted jollyWalter Clements. “It is the most beautifulcity in the USA! Life here is like nothinganywhere in the world!”In San FranciscoA four days’ stay in picturesque SanFrancisco was for us a real maelstrom. Wetried to cut down the frenzied tempo,which interfered with our chance to makea thorough acquaintance with the life ofAmerica, but we were not often successful."Arrange it so they spend more timelooking at pretty girls and cars,” MikeGutovski, a graduate student in the Eco¬nomic department of Berkeley university,advised our guides.“I advise you not to accept the invita¬tions of students I don’t know. If you do,I can’t be in any way responsible,” de¬clared Walter Clemens.Only on the final day of our stay in SanFrancisco were we finally able to havesome free time for ourselves and acceptthe invitation of a group of students tovisit Stanford university without ourguides.In Standard university the tuition is ashigh as in other private universities ofthe USA—more than 1,000 dollars a year.There is no guarantee of getting a Jobafter finishing the university.Martin Horwitz, a student in the Soci¬ology department, told me about all this.'Tell us, what percentage do the chil¬dren of American workers and peasantscomprise in Stanford university?” weasked two professors.Both threw up their hands."We don’t have such figures,” one ofthem said.But the future sociologist Martin Hor¬witz came up to us and said, "What workeror peasant could send his son to a privateuniversity?”Traveling companionsMy traveling companions from Oaklandto San Francisco were an older professorof psychology, lively and talkative, andtwo students who had graduated—DavidEgger and Ellen Maytag. We talked aboutJack London, then turned to Ernest Hem¬ingway, and the “lost generation” aboutwhich they were singing the praises."We now have a new generation thatwe call *the beat generation,’” DavidEgger suddenly said. "They are youngpeople, many of them students, who areloafing around, not working. They don’t• * - ‘ c. • 41 (above) I-J resident A than TKoobarlc dfracusses life inRussia with student editor Vladtin Troshltin of the Cinema-graphic Institute of Moscow. U€ student* seemed to be mostinterested in Russian academic life.After leaving UC the six Russian editors' itinerary includedSalt Lake City, San Francisco, Washington and Raleigh.believe in anything. They have lost faithin the power of reason.”"And what is better about you, *thesilent ones?’ ” the psychology professorsuddenly spoke out, addressing himself tothe students. “When I was young I dream¬ed of earning a million, saving the world,writing the famous novel. And what arethe dreams of the American student oftoday? They-don’t go further than the lim¬its of a car in the garage and a job in the‘General Motors’ corporation.”"And what am I supposed to do aboutit?” objected David Egger. "If I don’tthink that way, who is going to look outfor me? Go into politics, No, our politicsare a dirty business. Of course, I oughtnow to really start thinking about a job.If I don’t, who is going to feed me?”"Not all of us dream only about that!”Ellen Maytag interrupted David. "Somepeople also tliink about how to keep thepeace. If only they would tell us how to doit They teach us things we already know.... We can’t trust our reporters, can’t be¬lieve our radio and TV programs. They alldistort the truth. Our professors are im¬mortalizing falsehood. For four years theuniversity administration stuffs us withlies. This is not only in Stanford.”State of NegroesOne wonders how this conversationwould have ended if fresh and smilingWalter Clemens had not appeared at thatminute and announced that it was time toget ready for our flight to the state ofSouth Carolina."Then,” Walter Clemens told us in theairplane, "You will find out about the con¬ditions of Neroges in the South of theUSA.”“Is that a southern state?” we askedhim. “South Carolina is really a borderstate.”"On the contrary, it is typical,” insistedWalter Clemens.In this “border” state no matter whereyou go you will find signs around you"Only for whites” and "Only for colored.”The schools and universities are "forwhites” and "for colored.” Even the signson the doors of the toilets in a tobaccofactory indicate where the white can go,and where the Negro can go."How on earth do you explain that?”we asked the students of the "white” Uni¬versity of Chapel Hill."Tradition,” they answered in embar¬rassed fashion, and averting their eyes,added, "It’s hard to fight against it. Ithas its roots deep in the slavery period.”"But where are the traditions of Jeffer¬son?” we persisted."They are expressed in the Constitu¬tion,” ironically answered Jerry Milton, astudent of the Law school.On one of our excursions around thepicturesque outskirts of Durham I wasaccompanied by students of a Negro col¬lege, Willy Johnson, the son of a richtradesman, and Jack Bowles, son of alarger farmer.What about segregation?"When you get back to Russia, tell yourfriends that in the States there are Ne¬groes who aren’t complaining about theirposition. There are Negroes in the USSenate,” Willy Johnson told me."But how many?” Jack Bowles askedhim maliciously. "One for 16 million? AndJune 12, 1959 • C' V* ‘Vi1 STM O in our state where more than a millionNegroes are living, is there even one Negro in the city administration or in theSenate of South Carolina?”"Yes, but , . . ”“What do you mean ‘but?’ ” Jack Bowlescontinued the attack. “Maybe you are going to say that this happens only in thesouthern and ‘border’ states? Or that thisis only true of Negroes? Just rememberwhat happened to the Korean-American,Sammy Lee. This athlete twice won goldmedals for the USA in diving at the Olym¬pic games. The President himself sent himon a tour in the Far East. And why? Sohe would be an example of the absence ofracial discrimination in America. Andwhat happened to him when he cameback ? Because of the color of his skin theywouldn t permit him to buy a little housebelow Los Angeles. And he wasn't even aNegro!”Willy Johnson said nothing.“So tell your friends in Russia aboutWilly, and be sure to add that his opinionis restricted to only a few. Millions of ourNegroes are unwilling to endure theshame of segregation,” Jack Bowles toldme."The question of the situation of ourfarmers has probably not been clarifiedfor you,” the obliging Walter Clemens toldus. "The directors of the National Farmersunion in Washington will talk to you aboutthis.”On the eighth floor of a large buildingwhere the directing organs of variousfirms and organizations are located, hunga small board with the inscription, “LegalOffice of the National Farmers Union.” Atthe entrance we were met by RichardShipman, assistant for legal affairs, andArthur Thompson, the editor of the Un¬ion’s publications.In the National Farmers Union thereare 360,06(1 laboring peasant families.Every day they are forced to struggle tothe death with large farmers who arelowering prices on the market.“We are in a vicious circle,” says Rich¬ard Shipman, throwing up his hands. “Thefarmers have no money, and to get a loan,the Government requires them to sowless land, there is nothing to sell! The onlywinners are the large plunderers.”“That is why the number of farm econ¬omies is declining,” adds Arthur Thomp¬son. "During the past year alone 1,800,000farmers left the land.”"And what are they doing now?” weask.Formers plight‘The Union does not continue any con¬nection with those who go to the city,”sigh our hosts."What is the income of a farmer?""Very low. Half of what a city dwellercan earn.”“You have only learned about the darksides of life of American farmers.” Wal¬ter Clemens observed morosely, “andlearned nothing about the positive side.”"What positive sides are there to talkabout', if a peasant is forced to leave theland,” we wanted to know.Walter Clemens had nothing to say."Well,” he said after five minutes, "nowwe go to the next press conference.• • •"Where would you like to go today? Youhave available the Likhachev AutomobileSee ‘Exchange,’ page 18HICAGO MAROON • 17tr’ft-r—a* 0 it A—* t* cExchange students account is published(from page 17)plant, the Ball Bearing plant, the Coke andGas plant, and the Red October Candyfactory.”“Oh. that is a fine program!” exclaimthe American students and immediatelystart to divide up into groups.In the group traveling to the candy fac¬tory there are girl students and ProfessorRobert Bovvers, a man advanced in yearsand with grey hair.The chief technologist of Red October,Natalie Vasilievna Krechetova. introducesValia Koroleva and Masha Safonova,workers of the chocolate and caramelworkshops, to the guests.“And we can take photographs?” timid¬ly asks Sally Amster, a student of the FineArts department of Cornell university.“Of course you can!” answer Valia andMasha in astonishment. “Do they really*\pl permit you in your country to takephotoraphs of enterprises which producefood products?” “Visit us again in the fall or winter. Then,of course, there will be more students.”The students of all countries quicklyfind a common language. They are inter¬ested in curriculum programs, student or¬ganizations, scholarships.“Who in America can study in the uni¬versities?” our students ask.Photographs takenTaking the covers from their cameras,the Americans hurriedly moved towardthe exits from the reception hall.“No. not like that!” Natalie Vasilievnastops them. “First you have to put onrobes and caps.”In the caramel workshop the studentslook around.“Would you like to talk with the work¬ers? "Natalie Vasilievna proposes to theguests.“Are all of your factories really like thisone?” Sally Amster asks suspiciously.“Not at all; we have even better ones!”laughs Natalia Vasilievna. “I have workedhere more than 30 years. And during theseyears quite a few good candy factorieshave been built in our country.”The Americans scatter around the work¬shop. They spend a long time asking theworkers about wages, vacation periods,children. Robert Bowers is busy with onething: he is running from machine tomachine to inspect the trade marks.“Don't worry, all the lathes are ours,"Masha tells him.“Yes. yes,” says the professor, who issomewhat taken aback by this.Now he rushes over to the conveyorbelt ,and for some reason starts to pokearound in the molten mass of caramel.“Try one of our caramels,” says Masha.The professor takes the double hand¬ful of “Snowflake” caramels offered himby the girl and puts them in the pocket ofhis robe.In the chocolate workshop. Again talkswith the workers. Again Professor Bowersstudies the trademarks of the lathes.“Well, how do you like our chocolate?”Natalia Vasilievna asks the guests.“Very tasty,” says Bowers, chewing ona chocolate .bar, “but it is more expensivethan ours.”Value different“Actually, I have tried your chocolate,too,” Natalia Vasilievna objects with asmile. “It has a different composition andthe nutritive value is lower.”“That, I can believe, is true,” Mrs. EdnaBaldwin, 58-year-old teacher of the Uni¬versity of Michigan, says in support.In the reception hall of the managementthe guests drink tea and shower NataliaVasilievna with questions about the laborconditions and daily life of the plant'sworkers.“Does the enterprise pay for the clubs,the kindergartens, and the nurseries?”they ask.“Don’t you fire pregnant women?” inter¬rupts Robert Bowers.The workers who are present break outin laughter, such a question sounds soweird to them.“And what are the conditions of workfor the women in the United States?”“Very few of our women work,” Profes¬sor Bowers answers quickly. “They arebusy with their household affairs.”Mrs. Baldwin, with a refined smile,hands the girl some color photographs.They show her family in a country houseand a large automobile.“And who is your husband? Is he fromAue workers or from the peasantry?” asksMasha Safonova.“Oh no!” exclaims Mrs. Baldwin..“Then why do you speak for all Ameri¬can women?” asks someone from amongthe Americans themselves.Do women work?The talk at the Red October factorylasted almost three hours, and ended onlywhen'all questions had been settled.Two buses with 35 American guestsarrived at the chief vestibule to the Lomo¬nosov MGU. Some of our students hadgathered in the hall.“Why so few?” asks Kent Geiger, aprofessor of siocology of Harvard Uni¬versity, in a dissatisfied way.“It is vacation time now,” is his answer. a great industrial and cultural center ex¬isted in Asia. And I have lived for a longtime in various Asian countries. I havebeen especially impressed by the vitallyjoyous youth who live here in friendship,like a united family.”“Did you see everything you wanted dustrial firms are secretive and inhospitable to visitors. Many American workersare unemployed. Nobody cares or evenknows about them. Those who are stillworking must face long hours, primitiveconditions of work, and unsympatheticemployers, in addition to the fear of un“Everybody!" says John Armstrong, agraduate student at Harvard University,without blinking an eye.“For example, what per cent in Harvardare from even middle level families?”John thinks about this for a minute, andhis colleagues clap their hands. This forthem is an expression of approval for awell-put question.“Johnny, I wanted to study in Harvard,too, but I couldn’t” one of the membersof the delegation flings at Armstrong.“What is the tuition for study in theinstitutions of higher learning of theUSA?”“They vary,” answers John Mudd, an¬other Harvardian.How much is tuition?“It would 1 better to say what it is inHarvai'd!” again sounds the ironic voiceof the same student.“Twelve hundred dollars a year."“And John Mudd lapses into confusedsilence. Sociology professor Kent Geigercomes to the aid of his Harvard colleague.The sense of his explanation comes brieflyto the following: “Harvard is Harvard.”Ted Alexander.^ Negro student in theGeography Department of Columbia uni¬versity, speaks up.“I am a representatives of Negro stu¬dents, but, as you see, I can study in Co¬lumbia university,” he says proudly.“Who then are your parents?” theSoviet students ask Ted.Ted answers that his father owns aninsurance company.“How many Negro students altogetherare studying in Columbia university andhow many in Harvard?” they ask Ted.Ted begins to count something on hisfingers, then, having lost his aplomb, hisface breaks into a smile, he waves hisarm and begins himself to applaud thequestion.The conversation between the Sovietand American students lasted until mid¬night.The delegation of American studentsthen broke up into three groups and flewoff on three different itineraries: Kiev-Crimea, Stalingrad - Rostov - Kharkov,Tashkent-Alma Ata.In the third group there are 13 studentsand graduate students, son and daughtersof wealthy parents. The leader of thegroup is Mrs. Edna Baldwin. There arerepresentatives of various nationalities inthe group: the Negro Ted Alexander, Tad-eusz Bruno ,the son of a Polish merchant,and Dave Yamakawa, Japanese.“That is because we are going to visitthe national republics,” Mrs. Baldwin, thegroup leader, explains to us.The first thing the American studentswanted to do in Tashkent was to take alook at the “old” and the “new” city, andat the municipal market.“By all means,” their hosts from theCommittee of Youth organizations of Uz¬bekistan assure them. “We show every¬thing to our guests.”Collect exotica“But why are there no camels in sight?”asks Beverly Deepe in surprise. She is agraduate student in the School of Journal¬ism of Columbia university and has hercamera at the ready.Once she discovered the fact that themeans of transportation in Tashkent areautomobile, trolley and auto buses, andstreetcars, she concentrated all her energyon photographing houses ready for remo-lition, various piles of rubble and trashcans. The graduate of Harvard university,Edmond Levy, official photographer forthe group, was not far behind her.“What do you want all of that for?”their Uzbek hosts ask them.“We are interested in exotica,” theyanswered.“Perhaps while you are about it, youwill also take photographs of the newdwelling units for the workers?”“Okay!” The Americans agreed unwill¬ingly.Beverly Deepe gathered “exotic” mate¬rials for the Associated Press Agency, andEdmond Levy prepared a similarly “ex¬otic” film to show in the USA.The Americans spent seven days inTashkent, and schools, factories, institu¬tions of higher learning, scientific re¬search institutes, kolkhozes, kindergar¬tens, and Pioneer palaces opened theirdoors to them.“How do you like our Tashkent?” theUzbek students ask them.“Oh, it’s a wonderful city!" said Mrs.Edna Baldwin. “I didn’t imagine that such . photos by Mokotoff(above) Russian editor Mikhail Khaldeyev gets some tipson how to throw an American football from B-J resident BillSpady. Khaldeyev also took part in the current campus fad,Frisbee, and played some baseball. Khaldeyev was especiallyinterested in American sports. Soccer is his hobby.to?” we asked the American studentswhen the three groups had returned toMoscow.“Yes, indeed,” answered the Americans.“We saw more than we expected. We sawand became convinced that the Soviet peo¬ple are sincere and hospitable. Such apeople could not want war. We hope youwill come to visit us and we you.”“We are always for mutual exchange.We are glad to see all guests, provided, ofcourse, they come to the Soviet union withgood will and good intentions.” (End oftranslation.)Geiger’s SummaryThe Soviets in America. The State de¬partment did not want the Soviet youthand students to come in the first place.Now that they have come, they are notsincerely welcomed by their official hosts.Rather, they find them inhospitable andevasive. The Americans attempt to glossover the truth and to pre-arrange thingsrather than to allow experience to developspontaneously. The Soviet visitors werekept overly busy, there was a hint of anattempt to distract them with non-essen¬tials—women and automobiles, and theirguide interrupted them when things reallybecame interesting. The Americans alsodeliberately tried to deceive them. Finally,they attempted to exploit the Soviet visi¬tors for their own purposes in numerouspress conferences. In spite of all this, theSoviets were able to discern the cripplingproblems and tensions in American so¬ciety, due in great part to the unofficialand volunteered help of dissatisfied Amer¬ican citizens.The Americans in the USSR. The Amer¬ican visitors have many serious faults,both as individuals and as a group. Asindividuals they are badly misinformedabout the USSR and full of prejudiced pre¬conceptions. Some of them are even cor¬rupt, taking advantage of the genuineSoviety hospitality for their own dishon¬est commercial purposes. As a group thedelegation is heavily weighted with atypi¬cal Americans and also is not what it pur¬ports to be. The youth are almost all fromthe wealthy upper class families, and thereare many older professional persons inthe delegation. The minority group mem¬bers in the delegation are not in the groupbecause they get an even break in Amer¬ica, but “for a purpose.”In spite of such defects, and in strikingcontract to the experiences of the Sovietgroup in the US, the Americans in theUSSR see everything they wish to see, andare offered an exceptionally rich program.They are given plenty of time to talk tothe workers free from the company oftheir guides. The Soviet hosts are graciousand generous, but of course very proudof their country, and not afraid to standup to the Americans, a position which isnot infrequently necessary.As a result of such treatment the Amer¬icans change their minds. They are muchimpressed with the great industrialachievements and social solidarity of theSoviet people. They are also surprised anddelighted with their sincere hospitalityand peaceful intentions.American economic life. American in¬ employment. There is little wage equalityin American industry. American trade un¬ions and farm organizations are helplessand apathetic. The farmers are very badlyoff; they live only half as well as urbandwellers. This is because the large farmers and Government are collaboratingtheir ruin. In general ,the American workers and peasants are dissatified but fear¬ful and helpless.The American political situation. Ameri¬can democracy is a farce. The Governmentis exploiting the people. Minority groupsare not represented in parliamentary bodies and individual rights which are for¬mally guaranteed are in fact not forth¬coming. The Constitution and the princi¬ples of Jefferson are hypocritically evaded.Some of the American people have goodintentions, but their dominant politicaltrait is naivete. They lack confidence intheir leaders. Politics in America is adirty business. The press, radio and news¬papers tell lies and are not believed by thepeople.American higher education. American’shigher education, obtained in private uni¬versities, such as Stanford and Harvard,is very expensive and thus accessible onlyto the sons and daughters of the rich. Evenso, after graduation a job is not guaran¬teed. American professors in collaborationwith university administrations givebiased education; new ideas are not wel¬come. As a result the younger generationis being systematically distorted.The race situation. Racial segregationand discrimination in America go to un¬believable, possibly pathological, lengthseven in a border state like South Carolina.Most American Negroes are seriously dis¬satisfied. Those who are not dissatisfiedare bourgeois types whose ideas have beencorrupted by their materialistic class in¬terests. All racial minorities in America,not just Negroes, are persecuted.Personal characteristics and values ofAmericans. America is beset with eco¬nomic contradictions. These generate so¬cial antagonisms between young and old,between the races, and especially betweenthe two classes—capitalist and proletarian.To a considerable extent one’s personalityand values are determined by his classposition. . . .The older generation of Americans wasmaterialistic and ambitious for personalsuccess. The younger generation is apa¬thetic and timid, a bunch of organizationmen interested only in security. They seelife as a jungle, a war of all against allwith little room for cooperation. However,they are disturbed by a feeling of isolationand abandonment.The dissatisfaction of Americans is com¬ing to a head. They are starting to realizethat they have been victimized. They them¬selves often understand, when helped onlya little, that their political and social viewsare quite foolish and old-fashioned. It iseasy to convince them with rational argu¬ment, for they are at heart reasonable, ifmisguided, people. But one of the mosteffective ways to reach them, at least mostof them, is by bringing them to the USSRso they can see for themselves the extentof Soviet achievements.• CHICAGO MAROON * June 12, 1959mmrnm mmreview of Hie yeorEvents of past year are notedEvery year since 1951 at least,and more likely since 1954, a Ma¬roon editor, a student governmentpresident, a Cap and Gown editoror just a plain campus “leader"has announced, usually ratherportentously, that the Universityis in a period of transition. All inall, everyone has been quite righttoo, we are in A time of transition.All in all, everyone has been quiteright, too; we are in a time oftransition. We are constantly mov¬ing, constantly changing.In last year’s Cap and Gown,Jean Kwon commented that “Thisconstant unrest and flux is con¬fusing, chaotic, and sometimeseven pernicious. But once an in¬stitution becomes static it is stag¬nant and empty. Chicago is notdeeply moved by competition withthe Ivy League or with the Ironcurtain or with the NineteenthCentury. It is in competition withitself."But the “big question” in thelast decade here has been: whatare we competing for? Where arewe going and why are we goingthere and weren’t we better offwhere we were?This last year has answeredmany of these questions. We nowhave a fairly clear idea of wherewe arc. The big question currentlyconfronting us is—do we like it?A brief review of this year’s newswould seem to indicate that someof use do and some of us don’t.One long discussed and muchworked on plan became a realitylater in the summer when thecontroversial Russian student ex¬change became a reality. SevenAmerican institutions participatedin the Ford foundation programand exchanged graduate studentswith two Russian universities.Robert M. Taaffe of our geog¬raphy department was chosen torepresent UC.The first big change in the aca¬demic field was announced inearly August when the collegefaculty voted out the one-yearold double F rule and replaced itwith a single F rule. The emphasisThe Sleepy ViewThe N5Doz ViewMillions of times a yeardrivers and students keepawake with safe NoDozLet NoDoz'alert youthrough college, tooNoDoz keeps you alert with caf¬feine the same pleasant stim¬ulant you enjoy in coffee. Fast-«r, handier, more reliable: non¬habit-forming NoDoz delivers anaccurate amount of dependablestimulation to keep your mindand body alert during study and«ramg until you can rest or sleep.P. S.: When you need NoDoz,it’U probably be late. Play safe.Keep a supply handy.Th« sate stay awake tablet-availabts everywhere upon quarterlies, which was to be¬come greatly expanded as the out¬line of the new college academicprogram became more apparent,was greatly increased by this ac¬tion.A few weeks later another ma¬jor academic innovation was an¬nounced: a new graduate schoolhad been created. The new schoolof education, which did not re¬place or eliminate the pre-existingdepartment of education, wascreated to administer programsof teacher preparation leading tothe MA degree in teaching.This year's entering class, some¬what overconfidently dubbed the“class of *62” by the Admissionsoffice, arrived on campus Septem¬ber 28 and the book store weath¬ered its semi-annual rqsh on elec¬trographic pencils. The four hun¬dred and eighty-five students whomade up the class constituted thelargest in-residence class since thepre-war days.One half of the students whohad made up their minds whatthey wanted to specialize in elect¬ed the physical sciences, much tothe horror of the old-guard hu¬manists; of the whole class 40per cent had a high-school B aver¬age while 46 per cent had a solidA average.Sixteen of this number wereselected as “University scholars"on the basis of their high schoolsuccesses.An old student, Walter Fish,was that same week elected totake over the position of cap-and-gown editor. The Gap and Gown,most sporadic of the publicationson the UC campus, had been re¬vived in 1953 and had firmly en¬trenched itself in the University’slist of regular student activities.Something happened along theway though, for between Septem¬ber and June only fifty some inches of copy were written andthe 1959 year book was called off.That Friday the Maroon madeits first appearance in the regularacademic year, publishing a 36page issue, the largest in its sixty-seven year history and in thatsame issue Knox Hill contributedwhat proved to be a year long se¬ries of articles on the history anddevelopment of the fourteen col¬lege comprehensive courses.While not exactly the kiss ofdeath, the series will be best re¬membered for its sentimentalvalue a lengthy exposition of asystem which is almost no more.Joseph Randall Shapiro con¬tributed a large collection ofmodern paintings, drawings andprints for loans to University stu¬dents. At first confined to under¬graduates living in college hous¬ing, the “art for living” programproved a great success and wasexpanded and augmented through¬out the yoar, proving that UC stu¬dents have maintained an inter¬est, even a passion, for the finerarts.One by one the old faculty, themen who constructed the collegein its evolutionary days, slippedoff: some simply reached the ageof 65 and retired, some trans¬ferred to greener, maybe evengreater pastures, like Riesmanand Urey, and some died, likeRobert Redfield, one of the fore¬most members of our social sci¬ence division and one of theworld’s most respected anthro¬pologists.The two newest wings of theNew Women’s dorm had not beenin use for four weeks before theUniversity announced that it hadawarded all contracts for the con¬struction of the men’s dormitory.The new Law school, rapidly ris¬ing next to Burton-Judson, wasa constant reminder of the immi- The plaque heralding the first nuclear chain reaction isremoved in 1958 and Stagg field's west stands come down.nent removal of all lawyers to anentrenched position south of theMidway. The new high-rise dor¬mitory, located on the corner of55th street and University avenue,is costing $2,400,000.What with the destruction of amajor portion of available HydePark apartments, the tremendousincrease in University living unitssuggested strongly that not onlywas a bigger college in the offing,but also a more collegiate one.If some students did manage toact out their misconceptions as towhat the old school and old schoolstudent were really like, the gen¬eral public managed to maintainits equally inaccurate image of“what the University of Chicagois like.” William Stern, a radio-sportscommentator, during a world se¬ries broadcast came up with themost intriguing idea that studentsbecome communists when theydon’t have the opportunity to letoff steam by cheering at footballgames; thus, to de-emphasize oreliminate football as has beendone here is in effect an invitationto treason.“Communism has flourished inAmerican colleges, largely in cer¬tain mid-Eastern institutions andat the University of Chicago,” heannounced. “Do you think thereis any connection between com¬munism and college football?Probably not. I do. I think there’sa strong connection between big-(see ‘Phoenix’ page 20)More car than this Impala Sport Coupe is hard to find at any prica.clings to curves like a cat on a carpet!the travel-lovin' ChevroletNothing else but a dyed-in-the-wool sports car like the Corvettecan lake a turn with such solidassurance!It’s easy to see where Chevroletgets its road sense. With big coilsprings at every wheel, a firm, widerstance and all of its pounds dis¬tributed with painstaking care,Chevy’s born writh it. The only thing that may be hard tounderstand is how it can offer theride it does, along with so manyother luxury-car virtues, and stillcompete in the low-price field.We use the word compete only inthe sense of price. For with a rideas special as Chevy’s, real com¬petitors are hard to come by.There’s a world of difference be¬tween Chevrolet’s coil springs at all four wheels and the leaf springsthat most other cars still use. Takea Chevy down a snaky back roadand you’ll feel the difference in thesure way it holds through curvesand shoots over rough spots withhardly a ripple.This one's reallymade to traveland loves everyminute of it.Stop by your local authorized Chevrolet dealer’s and sample Chevy’s road sense!June 12, 1959 • CHICAGO MAROON 19/ o o / V’v I . ,M. *U 0 *\ 3Phoenix publishes in '58-'59 • •(from page 19)time college football and com¬munism. How much better to givestudents something constructive(football) to yell about (thancommunisml.” In a nationallyquoted front page editorial, theMaroon made proper “hash” ofStem’s theories.A much more serious and publi¬cized attack upon the Universitycame a week later, when on Octo¬ber 24. Chicago Daily News col¬umnist Jack Mabley devoted hisentire column to a rather unde¬tailed review of a then unnamedUC publication. Heading his col¬umn Filthy Writing on the Mid¬way, Mabley posed and answeredthis question: “Do you ever won¬der what happens to little boyswho scratch dirty words on rail¬ road underpasses? They go to col¬lege and scrawl obscenities in thecollege literary magazine.”He concluded his tirade by as¬serting that ‘The University ofChicago publishes the magazine.The trustees should take a longhard look at what is being circu¬lated under this sponsorship.” Atthe time the general campus re¬action was that Mabley had pro¬vided a good laugh and a fine op¬portunity for sneering. He stilltakes a great, if conservative,pride in our historic liberalism.However, the laughter was cutabruptly short when somebody,board of trustees or no, who pos¬sessed some authority did take aclose look at what was being pub¬lished.The campus spent a good dealSPECIAL TO U. OF C.STUDENTSAny 3 pizzas fnr the price of 2smalt $1.00 medium . . .large $1.95 x-l<arg« ....giant $3,95 *, 4S FREE UCJ2” DELIVERYTerry's1516 East 63 PizzaMl 3-4045 of time during the next week pre¬paring a royal welcome for a visitfrom royalty, Queen Fredrika ofGreece, who went through awhirlwind one-day tour of thecampus and the Argonne labora¬tory. On Wednesday, November5 the Greek ruler was serenadedby three of the campus' “Greek”fraternities, Beta Theta Pi, PhiGamma Delta and Phi SigmaDelta.That same Friday Jack Mableyused his column to apologize tothe students of the Universitywhom he had previously ma¬ligned. He wrote: “In criticizinghalf a dozen UC students ... Ireflected on the whole studentbody.”In strengthening, and stressing,a new sort of College and old sortof “school-spirit” one would natur¬ally expect an increased emphasison traditions. This University has its traditions (for example, noone but letter men are allowedto sit on the C-bench), it’s justthat no one pays any attention tothem. But, certain traditions havebeen reviving—-Blackfriars, for in¬stance. On the 17th of Novemberanother old tradition was placedon the public market: a campushumour magazine, Phoenix.Unfortunately for the expecta¬tions of whatever gung-ho alumnicontingent we have managed tomaintain, this new Phoenix wasa far cry from the old magazinewhich bore the same name. Editedby Selma Meyer and Jean Kwon,the first issue was a literate andarticulate journalistic venture. In¬sofar as the four issues of thismagazine can be said to reflectthe coming-new-college, it mightbe predicted that no matter whatthey are, UC students will alwaysremain surpassingly bright.ACASA BOOKSTOREGood Used BooksCarefully selected Imports of cards, giftschildren's booksreliable typewriter service1322 E. 55th St. HY 3-9651THlNKLlSHEnglish: LOWEST MAN IN THE COMMENCEMENT CLASSTMnkllsh translation: The only courses this bird absorbedwere the ones served in dining hall. The only examinations hepassed were the ones his dentist gave him twice a year. Afterfive years of work (at a two-year college), he finally got hisdiploma. Obviously, the word for this fellow is gladuate! Ofcourse, being a Lucky fan marks him as a man of high degree... with extra credits for good taste. Get the honest taste of finetobacco yourself. Spend this summa cum Luckies.CALOW* CHARTEnglish: WANDERING HORSE English: ANGRY JAPANESEThinkW>- M*a**°M°,t.English: CIGARETTE COMMERCIAL mmh: FATALOGUE- ,0UM ROSENTHAL. U. Or HICM1CANHOWTOMAKE *25Take a word—magazine, for example. Withit, you can make a burglar’s weekly (sivaga-zine), a liars’ club bulletin (bragazine), amountain-climbing gazette (cragazine) and apin-up periodical (stagazine). That’sThinkliah—and it’s that easy! We’re paying $25 forthe Thinklish words judged best—your checkis itching to go! Send your words to LuckyStrike, Box 67A, Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Enclosename, address, college and class.Get the genuine articleCALVIN NJCONNE'.W, V V NAVAL ACACIHRC a. r, f* Get the honest tasteof a LUCKY STRIKEProduct of (AS t/Sutcenn — is our middle name In late November The ChicagoBevtew, Mabley’s pet journal, re-emerged in the local and eventual¬ly national limelight. Members ofthe faculty-board supervising review publication took somebody’scriticisms to heart and decidedthat three consecutive “beat” edi¬tions of the campus’ only literaryquarterly were quite enough.Then there followed a period ofvery strange and quite mysteriouscloak-and-dagger dealings — copygalleys disappeared from thepress, ultimates were voiced andrescinded, the Winter issue wasand was not coming out. FinallyReview editor Irv Rosenthal an¬nounced his resignation. Six othermembers of the seven-man editorial staff resigned in sympathyand started planning their ownpublication, Big Table. HyungWoong Pak was elected new editor.We had here a really ratherminor incident which was blownup completely beyond its just pro¬portion by a group of angryyoung editors and a larger groupof news-happy reporters. Nobody,including the Maroon, handled therather tricky situation with anygreat flair or finesse.Just as December was begin¬ning, Chicago was reminded ofthe newly achieved Russian exchange program when two Rus¬sian students, Konstantin Ivano¬vich Nesen and Valentin Sergaevich Schchukin arrived on campus. Schchukin, a graduate student in radio engineering, foundthe campus somewhat lacking inproper facilities and moved on tothe University of California. Ne¬sen, or, as he preferred to becalled. Kostya, stayed on to engage in work in his field of physi¬ology.(see ‘Review* page SI)Transcripts are *1Transcripts of students’academic records will cost onedollar for each copy beginningJune 1, William J. Van Cleve, UCRegistrar, announced recently.Previously, the first transcriptwas issued at no cost to the student “The increasing number oforders for transcripts coupledwith demands for quick servicemake necessary the one dollarcharge for the first as well as ad¬ditional copies,” stated Van Cleve.The Registrar pointed out alsothat after June 1 supplementarytransr ts — those showing onequarter of work taken after theissuance of a full transcript—andcertificates of graduation, whichformerly were provided at no cost,would cost one dollar for each oneordered after the first. He statedthat higher costs of billing madeit necessary to accept only requests accompanied by the full re¬mittance after June 1.Students ordering transcriptsshowing Spring quarter divisionaland comprehensive examinationgrades should remember thatthese grades will not be posted totheir permanent records andtherefore not be available fortranscript purposes until approxi¬mately two weeks after the endof the quarter, said the Registrar.The CollegeLAUNDERETTE1449 Em* 57th St.MU 4-9236TAhSAM-YhNCHINESE - AMERICANRESTAURANTSpecialising inCANTONESE ANDAMERICAN DISHESOpen DUly11 A.M. ta 10:90 F.feLORDERS TO TAKE OUT1311 EaaO 63id S». BU B-901820 • CHICAGO MAROON • Jun« 12, 1959Review of year.(from pegeThe first results of the newsingle-F rule appeared after allthe Autumn quarterly grades hadbeen tabulated. The number ofFs given out in the college wasdown seventy-five per cent fromthe Autumn quarter of the yearbefore. It remained a moot pointwhether students were studyingmore or whether instructors hadbecome more reluctnat to give outFs under the new system.All year long stories seemed tocome in highly contrasting pairs:The same week that Alan Gins-burg and Gregory Corso, publi¬cizing the new Big Table maga¬zine, trooped through Chicagoand in and out of the front pagesof all the city dailies with theirfried shoes, the college faculty re¬vealed its new general eduactionprogram.Confronted with the problem offitting a three and a half yearprogram into two years, the col¬lege faculty outlined the newstructure:The University came into someadditional national attention fol-Selective serviceA student who has asked theRegistrar’s office early thisspring quarter to certify his classstanding to his local draft boardshould assume that it has beenreported unless he receives notifi¬cation to the contrary by mid-July, announced William J. VanCleve, the University registrar.In the past the Registrar hassent a notification to each stu¬dent requesting this service to theeffect that the information hadbeen sent to the draft board. Itis only this notification to stu¬dents which has been discontin¬ued.Rochelle Dubnowone of five guestson 'At Random'Rochelle Dubnow; editor ofthe Maroon was one of fiveguests on WBBM-TV’s un¬limited time conversation pro¬gram, At Random last Saturdayevening.Miss Dubnow, third year pre¬law student at UC was one of twocollege students appearing on theRudy’sAuthorizedU of C Class RingsSeles OMEGA ServicaIndiriduallgdesigned, handmadejewelry(Discount to students)1523 Eost 53rd st.NOrmol 7-2666Dr. KURT ROSENBAUMOptometristEyes ExaminedGlosses FittedContact LensesVieuol Training1132 i. 55th St.HY 3-8372 lowing Chancellor Kimpton’s con¬ference with President Eisenhow¬er on the formation of a commit¬tee to chart national goals. Theworld press speculated that Kimp-ton had been offered the chair¬manship of this committee. Theoffer was never publicly acknowl¬edged and Kimpton is not chair¬man of the committee.Many interesting news itemsappeared during the next month,but few were of the world-shak¬ing, campus shattering impor¬tance which we had grown ac¬customed to. Phoenix magazinereproduced a highly a typical edi¬tion of the Maroon, edited by oneRimshot Mortar Dearnot I; theUniversity was given large sumsof money to do large numbers ofthings with; fourteen UC studentswere selected for Woodrow Wil¬son grants; the Quadrangle clubreveled for two nights in Mandel,and finally, at long last and aftermuch debate, Winter quarterended.At the end of March, Kimptonleft campus for a three month va¬cation — his first since assumingthe office of Chancellor. While hewent sailing down the Mississippiriver R. Wendell Harrisson be¬came acting chancellor and tookthe chair at the new faculty sen¬ate meetings.The Ford foundation made a$2,400,000 grant to the newly es¬tablished graduate school of edu¬cation to speed what the Founda¬tion called a “break through inteacher preparation.”On April third the old collegefaculty held its last meeting, and,as was expected, recommendedeverything it had previously an¬nounced it would recommend. Theold faculty’s vote on the new pro¬gram was a prophetic 47 to 3.The Student government andNSA elections were held in mid-April. By the time balloting camearound four parties had regis¬tered: ISL, SRP, the newlyformed PSA and the even morenewly formed IRP. This last par¬ty’s letters stood for: ImperialRevolutionist Party, neverthelessthey vociferously asserted thatthey were serious candidates.SRP, the party which controlled(?) government the previous yearmanaged to muster only 25 candi¬dates for the fifty available seats.PSA and IRP ran only in the col¬lege.Some 22 per cent of eligible stu¬dents bothered to cast votes in theelection. Highest turnout was inthe college where 801 studentsGLADES RESTALRANT$|09 voted. ISL won 35 seats, SRP won12, the remaining three seats go¬ing to an upshoot Law schoolparty called NAZLOn April 17 FOTA and Black-friars both opened. FOTA is sortof a new-College old-College almal-gam, a clean-shaven week of pub¬lic devotion to the arts. In all itwas an extremely successful ten-day festival.Blackfriars make few claims asto art; in general their worst mo¬ments and their most arty onesoccur at precisely the same time.Blackfriars is a rather wild or¬ganization with the two fold pur¬pose of presenting a show andhaving fun doing it. Too oftenthe show seems to be presentedbook The Republican Era; TheChicago Maroon was given toprating in the Associate CollegiatePress rating service in a nationalcompetition.The Maroon issue of May 8 wasdominated by “literary” news: L.D. White, a recently deceased UChistorian was awarded the Pulitz¬er prize posthumously for hiscompetition, and Big Table Maga¬zine was banned from the UnitedStates mails.The Maroon this year, becameone of the most widely quotedcampus publications. Its editorialon "beauty and brawn” was men¬tioned in the Dally News and NewYork Times; the Maroon editor’spersonal crusade for a tiddlywinksteam to beat Cambridge mademore papers, radio and televisionprograms than could be recorded— among them, in the United*States the New York Daily Newsall Chicago dailies, the ChristianScience Monitor (three times onthe front page and once on theeditorial page) and many moreabroad. About 56 papers caughtthe tiddlywink fever according toa newspaper clipping agency.United Press international vis¬ited campus to do still picturesof the “team” for national dis¬tribution; LTPI movietone news¬reels did a four hour sound filmof team tryouts which was circu¬lated in a more concise formaround the world. Maroon editorDubnow appeared on NBC’s Mon¬itor with the story and I’ve Got aSecret, network tv show has ex¬pressed interest in having theteam for a demonstration thissummer.Maroon editor Dubnow perpetu¬ating her reputation as the “com¬munications kid” was chosen toSPECIAL 1527 E. 55th St.$109show hosted by Irv Kupcinet, Sun-Times columnist.Other guests on the show whichlasted four hours were: BobWood, Northwestern universitystudent; Dexter Masters, execu¬tive director of Consumers unionand Consumers Report; Dr. Ho¬mer Jack, Unitarian minister andnew chairman of the Committeeon Africa; Red Skelton and JackieCoogan. Try oor delicious BROILED CLUB STEAK — with chef's salad,french dressing, french fries, hard roll, bread ond butter.12 $A95COMPLETE DINNERSONE-A-MONTHFOR A FULL YEARAt Chicago'sMost Fashionable Loop and Near-Loop RestaurantsOVER $48.00IN FREEMEALS Sounds olmost unbelievoble . . . yet it'strue. As a Dinner Guest Club member youreceive12 DINNER CERTIFICATESwhich ore just like cosh . . . one for eachof the 12 sponsoring member restaurants.You see, leading restaurants throughout America ore joining in onall-out program to encourage more people to dine out — more often.By offering you this special membership in the Dinner Guest Club, webelieve you will help in this effort.Upon presentation of each restaurant's particular certificate, you paynothing for your guest, providing you purchase a dinner of equal value.As a Club Member, one dinner is "on the house."MEMBER RESTAURANTS OFDINNER GUEST CLUB OF AMERICA, INC.Tony ZaleTerrace Steak HawseNew PiccadillyRanden's Como InnRound RobinPetricca'sThe Cornel Trail WaikikiThe New 77 E. AdamsRickettsThe ChandelierDINNER GUEST CLUB2801 N. SHERIDAN RD.CHICAGO 14, ILL.Please rush me booklet of 12 complete free dinners, over $48.00in value. Enclosed is $4,95. □ Check□ Money orderNome .Address Should auld Aquinas be forgot?appear on College News confer¬ence interviewing Indian ambas¬sador to the US, Mohammed AliChagla.Last week Miss Dubnow ap¬peared on At Random, provingthat no one can out-talk a woman.Miss Dubnow appeared on theshow for four hours.Alan Simpson was announcedas the first dean of the new col¬lege. In his first press release inthis new position Simpson madeclear the direction in which he in¬tends to guide the new college inthe coming years. “No admirer ofour intellectual tradition,” he said,“need fear that it is going to beweakened by our search, in theMODEL CAMERAAuthorized LeieaDealerNSA Discount1342 E. 55th HY 3-9259Captures yourpersonalityas well asyour personNow with . • . CoronaStudio1314 E. 53rd St.MU 4-7424 new College at the University ofChicago, for a broader, betterbalanced, more human success,”You won't have to putyour moving or storageproblem off until tomor¬row if you call us today.PETERSON MOVINGAND STORACE CO.1011 East 55th StreetBUtterfield 8-6711ARISTOCRATSHOE REPAIRProfessional Dyeingand Refinishing ofShoes and Handbags• Colors matched • Toes cut out• Vomps lowered • PlatformsremovedEQUIPPED TO REPAIR LADIES'NARROW HEELSHeels changed—Any Style—Any ColorBockstrops Removed ond Springo-Iotars inserted — Shoes stretched— Zippers repaired — Orthope¬dic work.O'SULLIVAN'SRUBBER PRODUCTSFAirfax 4-96221749 Eost 55th St.Dr. Livingstone ?What a happy man ha would have been ifhis man Stanley pould have brought alonga carton of Coke! That cold crisp taste*that lively lift would certainly hit the spotwith any tired explorer. In fact, after yournext safari to class—wouldn’t Coca-Colataste good to you? )imr (ui ,s 1L 1 wBE REALLY REFRESHED ...HAVE A COKE!Bottled under authority of Tbs COca-Cola Company byThe Coca-Cola Bottling Company a# Chicago, Inc.June 12, 1959 • CHICAGO MAROON • 21mmmmmCentennial in November uc has new trusteesAn international celebration will be held at UC next November to mark the hundrethanniversary of Darwin’s theory of evolution.Commemorating the impact of Darwinian revolution on scientific thought, the Celebra¬tion will bring together leading figures in the sciences to discuss the revolution of life, man,and the mind in five public sessions on the University campus.Among the guests will be Sir Charles Darwin, former director of the National Physicallaboratory of Great Britain,and nammkp and erandson aid of the National Science foun--participants are Harlow Shapley,inesdKe ana gianason dation and the Wenner-Gren foun- astronomer, Harvard university;j htU’tes Darwin; and the datic>n, and with the cooperation Nobel prize-winning geneticist H.noted biologist, Sir Julian Huxley, i-^atu.ral scientific societies. J. Muller, Indiana university; Th.grandson of T. H. Huxley, Dar- Fortv-six scientists from eieht Dobzhansky, Columbia universewin s great contemporary. nationsy are writing papers ab*ut ty; and George Gaylord SimpsonThe Celebration will open No- evolution in their fieids and sug. American Museum of Naturalvember 24, the centennial of the gestjng new directions for re- History.day on which the first edition of searcb These are background doc- Ceremonies and social events Two outstanding alumni were elected trustee* of the Uni¬versity of Chicago recently.They are Robert P. Gwinn, president and general managerof the Sunbeam corporation, and Albert Pick Jr., president of the PickHotels corporation. Both firms have headquarters in Chicago.Both Gwinn and Pick have been active in UC affairs since gradua¬tion, Gwinn in 1929 and Pick in 1917.Gwinn is a member of the board of trustees of the UC CancerResearch foundation. He also is a member of the Council on thegraduate school of Business.Pick is president and chairman of the board of trustees of LaRabidaJackson Park sanitarium.the Origin of Species was pub¬lished, and continue through No¬vember 29.It is being arranged with ther~A 3-ring circus offun...a book of thebest from America'szaniest magazine...PREPOSTEROUS PAROOYSCINTILLATING SATIRSCAPRICIOUS COMEDYIntroduction by STEVE ALLEN$2.95, now at your bookstore. CROWN uments for* the discussion ses- planned for the Centennial weeksions, which will be open exchang- include a Special Convocation ones without prepared texts. Thanksgiving Day and a Thanks-The Soviet Union will be repre- giving Dinner, November 26.sented by G. F. Gause, Professor Origin-of-Species day, Novem-at the Institute of Antibiotics, -ber 24, will be formally observedAcademy of Medical sciences, at a dinner sponsored by the Cit-Moscow. izens board of UC. The speakersGreat Britain, France, Germa- will be Sir Charles Darwin; Chan-ny, Switzerland, The Netherlands, cellor Lawrence A. Kimpton, andand Australia also are sending Sol Tax. The board is composedscholars. of more than 500 civic, social andAmong the thirty two American business leaders. Why not write a play?PAY FOR YOUR LIFEINSURANCE THE EASY WAY Blackfriars, the student orga¬nization for the production ofmusical comedy, has announcedits third annual script competi¬tion.Each spring the Blackfriars of¬fer a musical show which hasbeen written, directed and pro¬duced by students alone. If youwould like to write a play, JimBest, president of Blackfriars, in¬vites you to submit a plot summa¬tion, a scene (fully developed)with dialogue, and lyrics to at least one song from your workwhich might be suitable for production by the company nextyear.The script should be deliveredto the Reynolds club desk, 5706University avenue, before July31. The judges will have madea decision by October 15.YOU CAN ARRANGE TO HAVE THE PREMIUMS ON YOUR OWN LIFE INSURANCE(AND THAT OF MEMBERS OF YOUR FAMILY, If YOU ARE PAYING THEPREMIUMS) PAIO AUTOMATICALLY FROM YOUR BANK ACCOUNT EVERYMONTH WITH THE NEW SUN LIFE AUTOMATIC MONTHLY PAYMENT PLAN.This is a time saving, money saving feature.• (£&tt— *RALPH J. WOOD JR. '48; SUN LIFE OF CANADA1 N. LaSalle So.FR 2-2390 Chicago 2, III.RE 1-0855 RepresentativeSUN.LIFE OF CANADASATURDAY. When youmake your plans for the weekend,remember: where there’s life,there’s BudweiseiVKING OF BECKS • ANHEUSER-BUSCH, INC. • ST. LOUIS * NEWARK • LOS ANGELES . MIAMI * TAMPA22 • CHICACO MAROON • June 12, 1959 New O-boardplans o-weekCLARK Theatredark & madisonopen 7:30 a.m.late show 4 a.m.fr 2-2845Spring Film Festivalsun. 14th Desire under the elmsDeep blue seasun. 2let. A man called PeterLove Is a manysplendored thingspecial college student price 94cat all timesJust show your l.d. cordto the cashier New members of Orientationboard are already at work, help¬ing the Board plan the Fall 1959Orientation week. Michael Edidinis the new chairman.Thirteen students were selectedto fill O-Board vacancies. Theyinclude Alanne Baerson, JudyBardacke, Naomi Braun, AlanBerger, Judi Field, Natalie Finkelstein, Jim Franklin, Marty Ikrael, Karen Martin, Anne Meyers,Linda Perlstein, Julie Simon, andDave Turner.T£/Ae PHOTOGRAPHERS1171 EAST 55H» STREET MIDWAY 3-4433Ellen Coughlin Beauty Salon51*5 Lake Park Ave. MI 3-20MSPECIALISTS IN HAIR STYLINGAND PERMANENT WAVINGOpen Mom. - Smt. — 9 a.m. - II p.as.The Qreen Door Book ShopWe carry all the Free Press books1450 East 57th Street HY 3-5829Chicago's Mast Complete Storkof Quality Paper Backs★ THE OLD TOWN SCHOOL OF FOLK MUSIC ★America's first permanent school devoted to the study of "folk*and instrument, announces an intensive 4 week, daytime, summercourse. July 6th thru July 30th. For details — write to333 W. North Ave., (hieago 10, III.|llllilllltllllllimillHHIHIIIIIIIH(HlllllimmilllH«ll(IIIUIIIHIIHIIIIIIHIIII(HIIHIIIHHUNHIIIIWIIimiillllHUIMHIHl£Chicago's Most UnusualMotion Picture TheatrePhone DE 7-r/4lAgain remind, all College Student* of theSpecial Student Rates always In effect atEVERY DAY Of THE WEEKINCL FRI. t SAT. EVENINGS WJMCIAt.t sruosNTRATE @L HO¥f5 JUST SHOW CASHICH YOUH I.D. CARP Outstanding Prine-Winnmg"HE WHO MUST DIE"adopted from the modernbest-selling noveln /. e on • M"The Greek Passionaiiiiiiiiimiiii(itiiiHiHiiiiiiiiiiHtiimiiHiiiniimiii(iiiiimiiiiiimiHtHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiwiimiiiiuiiiiiwwim«i<'>►***>**►►►►►►>>*>>*LV??VT»TeVTMTVVftveTTVVVf?VVVV*VVVTVtV*»»V»fVT1ITALIAN FIESTA PIZZERIAspaghettiraviolimostaccioli sandwiches:beef,sausage & meatballFree Delivery Over $12.00MU 4-9022, 1014, 10151427 East 67th st.amaiipjinaim-ttnipyi unm— JAT 851 EAST 63rdPrices and Styles are the Hottest ThingSince the Chicago FireLion of TroyIvy-league Shirts2.95Ban-Lon CardiganSport Shirt6.95Cord Suits14.95 Ladies’ Blouses99cLadies’ Skirts2.95Ladies’ Dresses6.95Also large selection ofChildren's Clothes Continental-DakPants2.95Jarman Shoes9.95White, Black & TanPolished Cotton &Cord Pants3.95FREEGIFTS! Our prices can’t be beat ♦ . . it’s smart to buy for lessD & G Clothes Shop744 East 63rd 851 East 63rdMl 3-2728 Ml 3-2827“In the Neighborhood for 40 years’’ FREEGIFTS!Hours: Tuesday, Wednesday 9-6; Monday, Thursday, Friday Saturday, 9-9June 12, 1959 • CHICAGO MAROON • 23mmmummmHistory is given of past Youth festivals(from page II) were given a prominent place inFestival, namely: 1) to promote *he festival program and werecurrent Soviet propaganda and e<* ^ heroes the struggle2) to channel the energies of par- lor Peace •ticipating youth into the front Jhe fourth Youth festival inorganizations which are the con- 1953 at Bucharest occured duringtinuing agents in the Soviet cam- the summer following Stalin’spaign for the allegiance of youth death, and hence IUS and WFDYand students. shifted to new tactics, as did allKeeping these goals in mind, Communist organizations thatlet us take a glance at the pre- heeded Soviet leadership. Recog-vious World Youth Festivals. nizing that their anti-WesternFrom the end of World War tactics had been too strong andII, when IUS, WFDY and their thus had the effect of bluntingFestivals were first organized, their propaganda offensive in theuntil Stalin’s death in 1953, the underdeveloped areas, they de-Festivals reflected every new So- nounced the old approach as “leftviet dictate: they directed violent deviationism" and took up thecondemnations at the United tactic of “united front”.States. Britain and the “Western WFDY and IUS ceased demand-imperialist warmongers”; they ing complete support from non-called the non-Communist leaders Communist organizations andof Asian and African nationalism suggested “limited support” on“bourgeois imperialist lackeys”; specific “non-partisan” issues,they welcomed and then expelled Compared with former years,.Yugoslav youth delegates; they there were fewer direct and vitup-celebrated the Chinese Commu- erative attacks on the West bynist victory; they paid lip-service Soviet bloc participants. Theseto the United Nations but con- attacks were left instead to Com-demned its action in Korea; they munists in delegations from colon-attacked Western colonialism bpt ial or neutral countries,denied Soviet imperialism — all Moscow’s festival, the latestwith an alacrity and a complete- one, held in 1957, devoted the bulkness that was, if nothing else, a of its propaganda at the youngtribute to Communist discipline, people of the underdevelopedWith the death of Stalin in areas in the hopes that the gaietyMarch of 1953, Soviet tactics be-,of the Festival would calm thegan to change. Attacks on the unrest of East Europeans, easingWest became less vicious and their doubts about Hungary,more subtle. Asian and African The results in Asia, Africa, andnational movements were praised Latin America were expected toand infiltrated by Communists justify the staggering expense ofinstead of boycotted and con- the Festival. The government ofdemned. The change proved to be India demonstrated its disapprov-not of heart but of tactics: it was ai Df the motives of the Festivala strategic shift back to the pur- by setting a quota of only 80 del-suance of respectability, of broad egates and issuing that manyinfluence of a united front. passports although India’s officialThe first of the youth rally quota of delegates was 700 andseries was held in Prague in 1947 the festival oiganizers had ar-at astill time when WFDY and IUShad considerable non-Corn- ranged free trips for all of them.The Seventh World Youth festimunist membership. The Soviet Val will contain all the goals ofUnion’s exhibit was the most im- jts predecessors, but will differ inportant one at the festival, being the fact that it will be held in adominated by a huge statue of non-Communist country. All pre-Stalin. vious Festivals have been held inFollowing the Soviet line, the the capitals of Communist na-East Berlin festival in 1951 sa- tions. The choice of Vienna forluted the successful conversion of the forthcoming Festival wasthe Chinese mainland to the Peo- chiefly to; 1) alleviate doubtspie’s republic of China, in October, about its Communist sponsorship1949, and condemned the United by taking the Festival outside theNations’ action in Korea in June iron Curtain; 2) avoid the dis-of 1950. A large part of the ruptive events within Communist“youth” delegation from North countries that can occur when theKorea consisted of medalled army conference is held there and; 3)officers who had aUegedly fought be close to the Soviet orbit inagainst the American “imperialist case a change of location is nec-aggressors” in South Korea. They essary.But Vienna, from the Com-gm ■ munist point of view, presentsand l#OWn, many problems also. When thefestivals took place in satellitecountries, the organizers couldcount on total cooperation fromthe local citizens. They could iso¬late delegations, control by visasthose who entered the country,stage mass demonstrations andmobilize “volunteer” labor.Even these controlled ralliestaking the course of appearing in have disrupted the Communistthe fall, has suspended publics- education of youth in satellite::on it is reported. Refunds may ™untnes but tota control ofbe had, or the money paid may be mass m?d,a' *he P°hca’ and theused to purchase next year's book, army at least assured the sue-Present editor Walter Fish an- cess oI ,he rally ltself- Th,s year'and Gown,UC annual, won’tbe out this yearThe 1958-59 Cap and Gown will•not be out this year. Due to thefact that deadlines were missedthe editor of the book, rather thanthe Communists will have to copewith the problem of Austrianprosperity and freedom whichwill prevent their first targeton the subject of his inability to Sroup from being isolated from— j— _ ,—j„_. sv.* contact with Austrian and othernounced the election of JohnMueller to the position of editor-in-chief of the book for next year.Fish had no comment to makeproduce a yearbook during thecourse of the year.Mortgage InsuranceEducational InsuranceConnecticut Mutuol LifeJoseph H. Aaron, '275524 S. Everett Ave.RA 6.1060 Ml 3-5986 Western youth who hold anti¬communist views. They will befaced with the situation of havingtheir delegation fewer in numbersthan in previous festivals andhence, isolated and less effectivein contacting non-Communists.Moreover, the strong and con¬tinuing opposition of Austrianyouth and student groups to the holding of the Festival in Viennahas spread to the Austrian pub¬lic, and to other non-Communiststudent groups abroad. In a mem¬orandum sent to all nations ofthe world and even behind theIron Curtain, in order to clarifytheir standpoint to other youthorganziations and official author¬ities Austrian student and youthgroups have said:“The freely elected representa¬tives of the Austrian youth or¬ganizations and of the AustrianStudents union wish to make itclear that they have nothing todo with the International Com¬munist Youth Festival and, fur¬ther, that they have never givenand will not in the future givetheir approval or assistance to it.Their standpoint is clear and ir¬revocable and is hereby presentedto counter communist attempts to issue the names of the Aus¬trian youth organizations for theirpurposes. That means, in otherwords, that Austrian youth op¬pose the lies and the transgres¬sions against freedom whicn theinitiators of the Festival use todrum their communist ideologyinto the brains of the partici¬pants.”Many statements in protest oforganized participation have beenmade by leading Western figures.The British Foreign Secretary,Selwin Lloyd, voiced the opinionof many democratic governmentsand experienced individuals whenhe warned youth organizationsagainst lending support to thisevent “designed to exploit youngpeople for the purpose of Com¬munist propaganda,” but added:“I recognize, however, that anumber of individual young peo¬ ple who have no Communist sym¬pathies ... will go to this Festival,whether out of curiosity, a desireto practice foreign languages orin the hope of establishing fruit¬ful personal contacts . . . My ad¬vice is that if these individualsgo they should, in their own andnational interest, acquaint them¬selves thoroughly before they go,with the nature of these Festivalsand with those international issueswhich divide the free world fromthe Communist world. Theyshould also be familiar with thefacts about their own country sothat they can counter misrepre¬sentations. Finally, they shouldmake it clear that they representthemselves only.” (Statement inHouse of Commons, July 25,1958.)See Maroon editorial, page 4 ofnewspaper.Here’s Why Tareyton’s Dual Filterfilters as no single filter can:1. It combines an efficient purewhite outer filter2. with a unique inner filter of ACTI¬VATED CHARCOAL . . . which has beendefinitely proved to make the smokeof a cigarette milder and smoother.NEW DUAL FILTERh*dut tf c8» >Xmmm jBdm it mr miUU mow 94. T.24