VOLUME 85, NUMBER 3 FEBRUARY 199318212628 FEATURESMr. Wofford comes to campusJust after the November elections, US. Senator HarrisWofford, AB'48, (D.-Pa.) returned to the quads. He talkedabout politics-and change.DEBRA LADESTROReconstructing RossiniFor most of this century, Giachino Rossini was considered aone-opera composer. Rediscovering the scores that Rossiniwrote, scholars and singers prove there's more to thecomposer than The Barber of Seville.PHILIP GOSSETTThe art of the bookMasterworks of Persian book art, on display at the SmartMuseum, are expressions of beauty and power.TIM OBERMILLER Page 21Same battle, changing frontsPaul Volberding, AB'71, met his first AIDS patient in 1981.Today, he's internationally known as an AIDS clinician,researcher, and policymaker.JOE LEVINECover: Paul Volberding, AB'71, has spent the last 12 years fightingAIDS (see page 28); photograph by Acey Harper. Opposite:The University's president-elect, Hugo Sonnenschein, meetsthe press (see page 14); photograph by Lloyd DeGrane. Page 26,2 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993Editors NotesFROM OUR REPORTER'S NOTEBOOK: THEUniversity's Physical Sciences divi­sion held a December symposium tomark the 50th anniversary of the first self­sustaining nuclear chain reaction.. Many of the participants in Enrico Fermi'sexperiment and related wartime projects re­turned to campus, including Glenn Seaborg.Introducing Seaborg, U of C physics profes­sor emeritus John Simpson described theNobel Prize-winning chemist this way: "He isco-discoverer of approximately 10 percent oftoday's periodic table."Including plutonium. While at Chicago,Seaborg worked to develop a chemical pro­cess that would isolate plutonium for use as afission fuel. At the symposium, he talkedabout how he decided to name the element."In 1930, a young astronomer, Clyde Tom­baugh, discovered and named Pluto," he ex­plained. "So we decided to give a name basedon Pluto. We could have named it plutium,but I liked the flow of syllables in 'plutonium'better. Obviously, we should have given it thesymbol PI, but we liked the sound of P U. [Pu 1better," Seaborg said. He smiled: "We expect­ed to have quite adverse reaction to thatwhen it was declassified after the war."Other VoicesThat's the name of the Magazine's newest de­partment. It replaces "Looking Back," which-following the conclusion of the Universi­ty's centennial-is on hiatus. "Other Voices"is designed to be just that, picking up onsome of what's being said around the quadsor in the University community at large. Theinaugural column features a well-knownUniversity voice: William H. McNeill, theRobert A. Millikan distinguished service pro­fessor emeritus in history and the College.McNeill, AB'38, AM'39, spoke at a Decembersymposium on nuclear proliferation. "OtherVoices" begins on page 48.Checks and BalancesOur very grateful thanks to our readers-bymid-January, some 7,800 of you had re­sponded to our annual solicitation letter,sending in more than $116,000 in gifts to theMagazine. It's the largest amount we've re- ceived since Felicia Antonelli Holton, AB'50,started the campaign in the early 1980s, andwe thank you very much.We're also grateful for the notes that somereaders sent back with-or in lieu of-theirchecks. Sometimes those notes provided aglimpse into the rhythms of our readers'lives: ''At 91," one writer warned us, "you maynever get another check from me." "Last yearwas a financial disaster for me," anotherreader confessed. "I appreciate being able tocontinue to receive the magazine even if Idon't contribute this year."Other readers concentrated on what theysee as the rhythms of the Magazine's life. "I wasgoing to send some money," one alumnus ex­plained, "but the last edition was so poor I de­cided-no .... Surely there is something moreworthwhile than what SOCiologists and psy­chologists have to think and write about."Luckily for our editorial egos, one reader'sabyss of irrelevancy is another's pinnacle ofpertinency: ''The current issue is excellent,"one person enthused. "Keep it up!"Yet another reader used her response cardto send in her two cents' worth-literally andfiguratively. Along with two gleaming pen­nies came four neatly numbered thoughts,including No.3: "The U of C has failed itScommmitment to its environment-from61st Street, it looks like a theme park."Many readers sent their thanks for MarkMcMahon's postcard illustration of CobbHall (extra copies are available by writing theMagazine). And a few letters commented onthe solicitation process itself. One alumnus,wondered if we couldn't consolidate our ef­forts with other requests for gifts. (Becausethe Magazine goes to alumni of all the divi­sions and professional schools, most ofwhich run their own gift-raising drives, that'Sharder to do than it seems.)Still another alumnus missed the solici­tation letters of years past (remember the"lose a pound, give a dollar" campaign?) andasked us to try harder to place tongue incheek: "The dry wit and humor of those let­ters almost made it a pleasure to contribute."Whether you regarded a contribution as apleasure, as a duty, or as an option to forgo,we regard our readers' gifts as nothing lesSthan benisons. (See, the word does get usedoutside the ''Alma Mater.")-M.R. YLettersCrew isn't a team sportHaving rowed in an eight for twoyears, and followed the sport formany seasons, I have never heard orseen the crew referred to as a "team." [TheMagazine did so on page 63 of its December/·�2 Issue-Ed.] Skeptics can turn to page 338of Webster's Second College Edition whereYou will find a definition of "cox," the person(frequently a girl of late) who governs the rateand timing of the stroke of a "crew."JAY C. WILLIAMS, AB'35, AM'43, PHD'56STONY BROOK, NEW YORKleading between the linesProfessor David Tracy's book-lined of­fice (December/92, p. 45) remindedme of two observations that St. Tho­tnas Aquinas and his latter-day biographer,G.K Chesterton, both consummate readers,tnade about books in general. Aquinas: "[Ithank God that] I have understood every pageI eVer read." Chesterton: 'There is a great dealof difference between an eager man whoWants to read a book and the tired man whoWants a book to read."judging by the comfortable, well-worn lookof the spines of Tracy's volumes, the profes­sor's library has been pored over eagerly andWith profound understanding.ALBERT L. WEEKS, AM' 49SARASOTA, FLORIDAIncompetent mothersI read with astonishment your brief arti­cle on proposals by Mary Becker,JD'80,regarding child custody decisions (Tn­ve .h StIgations," December/92). One can onlyoPe that her suggestion that mothers re­�eive. preference, instead of considering the. eSt Interest of the child, is an exaggerationIntended to provoke discussion, and not areflection of her sincere beliefs.The craziest aspect of this article is the ex­ahtnple she cites. The infant in this case is nott e only minor involved; the I5-year old girlWas also in need of protection. Had the issueof custody of the teenager gone to court, ma­t�rnal preference would have led the judge to� aCe this unfortunate child with her mother,In .�tead of with the grandparents who hadraIsed her Yet this woman was so incompe- tent a parent that she could not even safe­guard her daughter from being raped by herboyfriend for one month. Clearly Ms. Beckerdid not appreciate the contradiction inher­ent in her example; but how could it have es­caped all of you editors?Even in Green Bay, I routinely encountermothers who are not fit to raise earthworms,much less children. If Ms. Becker is too en­trenched in her ivory tower to look beyondthe borders of the University at the poormothering which was rampant on the SouthSide when I lived in Hyde Park, and whichdoubtless remains, tell her to come visit me.I'll be happy to provide her with case aftercase after case after case, until she realizesthat she is dead wrong.DIANE LIND FENSTER, MD'78GREEN BAY, WISCONSINLaw School professor Mary Becker responds:A legal standard does not necessarily dowhatit purports to do. The best interest of thechild standard is an example: Judges can saythat they are doing what is in the best interestof a child in awarding custody between twofit parents at divorce, but saying it does notmake it true. In routine cases involving dis­putes between fit parents who have livedwith the child during marriage-the cases Italk about-judges cannot actually knowwhat is in the best interest of the child. In-deed, we have ho "\-vay to even assess best in­terest in this kind of situation, let alone con­sensus on such issues.Ms. Fenster refers to Garska v. McCoy. Inthat case, the issue was between the parentsof the infant and thus relevant to my topic:problems with both the best interest of thechild and the primary caretaker standard forresolving custody disputes at divorce in lightof women's continuing role as primary care­takers in most marriages. But in her letter shefocuses on another aspect of the case: whoshould have custody of the I5-year-old­mother, her mother or her grandparents withwhom she had been living prior to a brief stayat her mother'S, a stay resulting in the preg­nancy. Contrary to Ms. Fenster's suggestion,the best interest standard would not apply insuch a case in most American jurisdictions.Parents are given an edge over non parents.One cannot, for example, go into court andask for custody of the neighbor'S children on The Centerfor Middle EasternStudiesUniversity of ChicagoandDr. John E. WoodsofferTURKEY:A HOLIDAYIN HISTORY19 Days-September 3-21, 1993$3,490 per person(limited to 20 participants)A spectacular journey revealing thecultural, archaeological, and historicalwonders of Western and CentralAnatolia. We visit the landscapes andcities of early empires-Hittite, Byzan­tine, Roman, and Ottoman-and enjoythe breathtaking beauty of Turkey'sunspoiled Mediterranean and Aegeancoasts. This is a journey forthe curioustraveler who wishes to explore a landof geographical diversity, historicaltreasures, and to meet a generous andhospitable people.For informationand the detailed itinerary,write or call:TOPKAPI640 South Federal St., Suite 706Chicago, Il60605Telephone: (312) 939-3194Specializing inTravel and Tours to TurkeyUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 3Live Your Own Lifestyleat Casa DorindaCASA DORINDA is situated on an historic 48-acre Montecito estatenestled beneath graceful oak trees between the mountains and the PacificOcean. It offers active and gracious retirement living with comprehensivemedical care and freedom from household obligations.Casa Dorinda has 241 apartments ranging in size from studios to largetwo bedrooms, a splendid dining room, licensed health facilities and well­trained, experienced staff.For more information, call or write Casa Dorinda admissions,300-C Hot Springs Road, Santa Barbara, California 93108, (805) 969-8011.Name ___Address_______________________ State Zip _C 2193�A Superb Retirement CommunityLocated in Picturesque Santa BarbaraLicense #4217001604 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 the grounds that it would be in the children'sbest interest. Nonetheless, when non parentscare for a child for an extended time, they of­ten do succeed in obtaining custody in a dis­pute with the parents, though the standard isnot usually the simple best-interest stand­ard. My article, however, does not discusswhat standard should apply in such cases.Of course, there are unfit mothers every­where, and I agree (as would everyone) that achild should be taken from an unfit parent.The difficult question I address in my articleis what to do at divorce when two fit parentsboth want custody of a child they've been liv­ing with. In almost all families in the U.S.,even in 1993, it is still the mother who hasbeen the children's primary caretaker. I pro­pose a standard that would preserve the rela­tionship between such mothers and theirchildren. A standard that protects these rela­tionships is likely to be in the best interest ofmost children even though-indeed, be­cause-it does not ask a judge to make acase-by-case assessment of the child's bestinterest.Community of scholarsGerald Graff, AB'59, ("Off Course,"October/92) expresses dismay thatstudents hear opposite sides ofopen questions presented as closed in differ­ent courses. It is ironic that he begs the ques­tion of the nature of the university in hisarticle.Some, clearly including Graff, understandthe university as an educational enterprise­differing from a high school only by the levelof education it dispenses. Others, includingmyself, regard the university as a scholarl)'enterprise-a community of thinkers andresearchers whose identifying output is newideas and knowledge.An enterprise of the first sort can teachin any fashion which strikes the fancy, dealseffectively with the students currently onhand, or seems likely to attract future stU­dents of the sort the administration desires.A scholarly enterprise can only offer stU­dents a chance to observe the scholars deal­ing with their subject in the way the disci­pline is practiced. If that doesn't fit astudent's needs, that student should go else­where. If one discipline considers objectiveknowledge obviously available and anotherconsiders it obviously delusional, that is nota pedagogical problem; each disciplineteaches its own doctrine. (Clearly, it is allintellectual problem. For that matter, teach­ing that objective knowledge is objectivelYimpossible is an intellectual problem byitself.)Granted that most of the institutions call­ing themselves "universities" are advancedhigh schools, I had thought that the U of CWas determined to be a community ofscholars.FRANK PALMER, SM'67CHICAGOTower of Babel?Gerald Graff, AB'59, criticizes univer­sities for disjunction of communitylinks. But far from courses beingisolated, at least at the University of Chicago,the College provides its basic Core ofCourses and the departments their variousprograms of courses with the general guid­ance of the faculty, while the individual stu­dent organizes his own program of coursesrelating them with faculty advice to his cho­sen thesis research. Nevertheless, Graffclaims that courses are too isolated: "coursesbeing given at any moment on a campus rep­resent rich potential conversations withinand across the disciplines." Meanwhile "theStudents experience these conversationsOnly as a series of monologues."One suspects, however, that if courses wereprimarily "rich conversations," the universi­ty would soon become a Tower of Babel. In­terdisciplinary "conversation" courses, to becoherent and in-depth, would have to bebased on prior knowledge, but that wouldrequire prior research courses in the rele­:,ant disciplines. Besides, a course's contentIs just as important as its teacher, and notrnerely a monologue. Courses should have adistinctive content of their own offering theStudent potentialities for research and explo­ration, whether joint or individual. They areoften fertile enough in their own content toCOntribute to more than one interdiscipli­nary program, whether individual ordepartmental.Departments are necessary to develop a fieldon which a student can focus, for most inter­diSCiplinary programs need focus. In fact, thed.epartments provide for the student the spe­�Ialization so necessary to balance multi-levelInterdisciplinary pursuits. The student, ofcourse, does more than go to class. Depart­rnental theses offer opportunities for guidedself-direction and self-articulation.Some literati and art theorists undervaluethe teaching of specialized courses in theirpreoccupation with universal problems, like�he objectivity of knowledge, for which theyaVe really too narrow a base of expertise. In�Uestioning objectivity, Graff does not defineIt, nor does he seek to discover if it has differ­e�t meanings in different contexts, which�Ight explain why scientists and humanistsInd Communication so hesitant. A universalconcept that encompasses all the sciencesand all the religions as well as the humanitiestnight well be left to experienced philoso- THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATIONInvites you to join distinguished faculty and alumni friends participatingin alumni travel/study programs during the coming months1993 Spring/Summer/Fall Study TripsThe Realm of the Maya:Yucatan, Chiapas,and TabascoMarch 2-13Our spring study trip to Mexicowill focus on the art, science, and(culture of the Maya, Mesoamerica'spre-eminent artists and architects.Tom Cummins of the University'sDepartment of Art will leadthis attractively-priced trip.Exploring theNatural Treasures of theGalapagos Islandsand Costa RicaMarch 8-19We will travel to the regionsthat transformed the scientific visionof nature with a Darwin specialist,Professor Robert J. Richards ofthe Departments of History,Philosophy, and Psychology.Our voyage will be aboard thesplendid new Aurora II.The Himalayan Kingdomsof Tibet, Nepal, and BhutanApril 26-May 17This very special journey will offerour small group of travelersa privileged insight into the culturaland natural history of three remoteHimalayan Kingdoms. Our facultyleader will be Ralph Nicholas,professor of Anthropology andSocial Studies and director ofthe Center for International Studies. Waterways of RussiaJuly 17-28Our Swiss-managed riverboatwill cruise the waterwaysbetween Moscow and St. Petersburgwhile we discuss the dramaticchanges taking place in the country.Leader will be internationally­known economist D. Gale Johnson,who has studied Soviet agriculturefor more than four decades.The Journey of Odysseusthrough theAncient MediterraneanAugust 16-September 1We will follow the path ofOdysseus from the site of ancientTroy through the locations myth hasgiven his adventures. Facultyleader will be ProfessorHerman Sinaiko of the Divisionof the Humanities and GeneralStudies in the Humanities.Voyage to West AfricaNovember 14-27Morocco and the Canary Islands,Mauritania, Gambia, and Senegalwill be our stops on this cruise,which will focus on the naturalhistory, culture, and politics of theseWest African countries. Our facultyleader will be Jeanne Altmann,an expert on behavioral ecology,who has spent nearly three decadesstudying the animals of Africa.For further information and brochures or to be added to our travel/studymailing list, call or write to Alumni Travel, University of Chicago AlumniAssociation, 5757 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 312/702-2160.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 5THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATIONandTHE DEPARTMENT OF MUSICin cooperation withTHE WOMEN'S BOARDpresentTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO--_._--_ n'r1993 SPRING CONCERT TOURIndianapolis, IndianaSunday, February 28Phoenix, ArizonaSaturday, March 20San Diego, CaliforniaSunday, March 21 Los Angeles, CaliforniaMonday, March 22Ojai, CaliforniaTuesday, March 23San Francisco, CaliforniaWednesday, March.24The 34-voice Motet Choir performs primarily a cappella music of the16th through 20th centuries. For further information contact: MotetTour 1993, University of Chicago Alumni Association, 5757 SouthWoodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. Tel: 3121702-2157.6 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 phers who alone would have the breadth ofunderstanding to approach so comprehen­sive a problem.Students are intelligent enough to expectdiversity of criteria in different disciplineswithout despairing of the feasibility of a via­ble balance. Students will gain more knowl­edge by choosing courses of independentintegrity than by conforming to somepoliticizing ideology.FRANCIS H. DOWlEY, AM'4l, PHD'53,PROFESSOR EMERITUS IN ARTAND THE COllEGECHICAGOAnother side of Joseph KitagawaAfter reading the obituary for Deanjoseph Kitagawa, PhD'Sl, in theDecember/92 Magazine, I wouldlike to augment the academic record with apersonal recollection of his humanitarianservice before coming to the University.During World War II, joseph Kitagawa wasassigned as pastor to the Episcopal commu­nity at the Mindoka War Relocation Authori­ty project in Idaho where I was a member ofthe high school faculty and a member of hisparish."Father joe," as he was popularly known,ministered not just to the Episcopalian evac­uees, but to all who came to him for under­standing, advice, or help. A man of unusualperception and wisdom, he was responsiblefor awakening the intellects of many youngpeople and opening remarkable opportuni­ties to them.As the deadline for closing the project ap­proached, the demands onjoseph Kitagawa'stime increased until he was working nearlyaround the clock, seven days a week, helpingpeople with their arrangements to relocate.Friends urged him to get more rest, but hecontinued the grueling pace because hiswork could not be postponed. He paid forthis with weeks in the hospital for exhaus­tion after he himself relocated to Seattle.HELEN AMERMAN MANNING, PHD'54HAYWARD, CALIFORNIAAtheists have morals, tooThe "Books by Alumni" section in theOctober/92 MagaZine listed a boo�by Harry M. Neumann, AM'S4, entI­tled Liberalism. The synopsis said, "Takingthe position that atheism is the worst crime--­far more criminal than racism, sexism, ormurder-Neumann writes: 'If there is nOGod, no eternal non-arbitrary standard ofgood and evil, nothing, including racism orsexism, is good or bad, right or wrong.'"Time out! Suppose some alumnus hadwritten a book that trashed a mainstream be-lief, say Christianity or Judaism or Islam, bycalling it "worse than murder" Imagine theoutcry if your magazine were to list this hy­pothetical book in "Books by Alumni." You'dbe in the company of Salman Rushdie andSinead O'Connor! Notice the double stand­ard: mainstream religions are protectedagainst even the mildest forms of criticism,but atheists are fair game for hateful anduntruthful attacks.There are both good and bad people amongatheists and agnostics, just as there areamong Christians,jews, Muslims, Buddhists,Hindus, pagan"s, and so forth. I have not ob­served that religious faith helps believers be­come better people. Fear of a vengeful Godoften leads to self-righteousness, bigotry, andthe inability to admit one's mistakes even tooneself. And atheists and agnostics don't re­qUire faith to build sound, workable moralstandards; they can base their standards onWhat they observe is good for the world andthose who live in it.Absent any proof or evidencethat there is aGod, one person's opinion regarding God'seXistence is just that: one person's opinion.Even if one believes in a deity, it's hubris, ifnot megalomania, to claim to know how thatdeity wants other people to behave. Religiouswars arise because the faithful can't seem toagree on what their "eternal non-arbitrarystandard of good and evil" actually shouldbe. How self-serving for Neumann to claimthat certain people are criminals simply be­cause they 'don't share Neumann's opinions!Books that contain such absurd argumentsdon't deserve to be taken seriously, especiallynor in a publication devoted to the life ofthe mind.ALIDA M.JATICH, AB'76CHICAGOlI"usual studentsTwo or three issues back there was avery interesting article (''The Spirit of'92," June/92) that illustrated the tre­ltlendous variety of activities that take placeon today's campus. It was fascinating to readand compare, based on memory, with life onthe quads in the early thirties. What we prob­ably thought of as a very active student lifenow appears dull and lifeless by comparison.I di .Istmctly do not remember anything tocompare with the events detailed in the arti­c�e in the October/92 issue, "Sorting Out theSlXties."As I think back to my life as a student 60Years ago and compare it with what I read inthe Magazine, I am nothing less than flabber­��sted. Although I was on the track team, Iid not earn my "c." I was not a member ofany of the honor societies. I never consideredltlyself to be an unusual student. I did feel Students aren't what they used to be.that I was most fortunate to meet the require­ments for graduation. What I thought of asquite an achievement in my senior quarterwas to be excused from all final exams. I hadno educational goal other, than to graduate.Nowadays, from the impression I get fromreading the Magazine, the entire studentbody is made up of honor students who havea positive goal and an unquenchable ambi­tion to achieve it.I do believe that there is a wider field fromwhich to choose a career. In my day, yougraduated and the degree, whatever it was in,was a key to getting the job. You went to workfor someone and hoped to be promoted on asomewhat regular basis. You got married af­ter a while, had a family, raised your off­spring, and were at peace with the world.Much too mundane for today's crop ofgradu­ates. More power to them. I'm happy to sitback and watch them improve everythingthey tackle.PAUL M. CLIVER,JR., SB'34DAYTONA BEACHA scholar's diaryDuring the 1950s I moved into facultyhousing at 6030 Ellis, where I foundin the basement a few cartons ofbooks with a note from one Denton L. Geyerto the new tenant to "sort these and keepwhat you find interesting; throw the restaway."Among the lot was a handwritten diary of astudy trip to Europe from March 1928 to Jan­uary 1929. I finally managed to transcribe itafter all these years. It was a labor oflove, butrewarding beyond belief. As through a win­dow in time, I had a glimpse of the languageof the era, opinions, views on life; and theworld in general. But beyond what I learnedabout the man through his diary, I knownothing else. Here are some hard data (fromthe diary):Geyer was born in 1884. I know that be­cause he reports in his diary that he was 44years old in 1928. At the time he lived nearthe University of Chicago at 5727 KimbarkAvenue. He was married and had at least one child. His father was alive, because Geyerwrote to him from Switzerland. He comesoriginally from Pomeroy, Ohio, on the OhioRiver in the Appalachian region, and he wasin France once before (in 1924).There is nothing much personal in the dia­ry. He met just about everybody who wasanybody in education from Adler in Viennato Claparede in Paris, but does not mentioneven once that he misses his wife and new­born child. The only way we know they existis that he writes in the very last paragraphthat they await him at the railroad station.Did he kiss her? Shake hands? Say anythingat all? He doesn't say. He does admit to havingarthritic problems and rheumatism of theshoulder, but nothing else about his height,weight, appearance, hairstyle, or beard.I imagine that his heirs would like to hearabout this discovery, and this is one of thereasons for this appeal. Of course, I also amdying to know what happened to him be­tween 1928 and 1954, and to this end I wouldlike to contact his family or anybody elsewho might know about him. I would be grate­ful to anybody who might be of help; theycan contact me at 11950 Viejo Camino, Atas­cadero, California 93422; 805/466-6944.HAL SCHAEFER, AB'56, PHD'58ATASCADERO, CALIFORNIASeeking syllabiI would like to acquire a collection of thesyllabi and readings that were used fornatural sciences and biology courses inthe Hutchins College and after. These syllabiwill serve both as a reminder of how biologi­cal sciences were taught in the past and as aninspiration for how we might improve biolo­gy teaching in the future. I would very muchappreciate hearing from readers who haveold syllabi that are in good condition andthat they no longer want, and who would beinterested in donating these syllabi to theCollege. I can be reached at the BiologicalSciences Collegiate Division, Room HM230,1116 E. 59th Street, Chicago, IL 60637; myphone number is 312/702-7964. All dona­tions will be gratefully acknowledged.ROBERT PERLMAN, AB'57, SB'58, MD'61,PHD'63, PROFESSOR OF PEDIATRICSCHICAGOThe University of Chicago Magazine invitesletters from readers on the contents of the maga­zine or on topics related to the University Lettersfor publication, which must be signed, may beedited for length andlor clarity To ensure thewidest range of voices possible, preference willbe given to letters of 500 words or less. Lettersshould be addressed to: Editor, University ofChicago Magazine, 5757 Woodlawn Ave.,Chicago, IL 60637.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 7EventsExhibitionsLyonel Feininger, through March 28. Mountedfrom the Smart Museum's collection with loans fromlocal museums and private collections, this exhibi­tion of drawings and prints highlights various themesof the nearly 70-year career of American-born artistLyonel Feininger, who spent much of his life in Ger­many. Smart Museum of Art; call 702-0200.Art from the Persian Courts: Selections from theArt and History Trust, through April 4. Organized bythe Los Angeles County Museum of Art from one ofthe world's best private collections of ancient andmedieval Persian art, this exhibition focuses on thecharacteristics of Persian art, its unique images ofman and nature, its reverence for the written word,and the influence of Persian art and aesthetics on thecultural landscape of Asia. Paintings from the Safavidperiod (1501-1736) are showcased among the 100works, which include paintings, drawings, calli­graphies, manuscripts, metalwork, and sculpture.Smart Museum of Art; call 702-0200.Emma Goldman in Her Own Words: Perspectivesfrom the Ludwig Rosenberger Library of Judaica,through May. Through books, pamphlets, and trial re­ports, this exhibition presents the views of EmmaGoldman (1869-1940) on subjects ranging fromanarchism and the Russian Revolution to women'semancipation and modern drama. First galvanized topolitical protest by Chicago's Haymarket affair anddeported from the U.S. following her 1917 trial oncharges of conspiracy against the draft, Goldman re­mains a symbol of anti-establishment protest. SpecialCollections Reading Room at the Regenstein Library;call 702-8705.Rodney Carswell: A Retrospective, March 7 -April 18. The Renaissance Society showcases the paintingsof this Chicago artist. Cobb Hall 418; call 702-8670.Nineteenth-Century Japanese Photography, April6-June 6. This exhibition of late 19th-century West­ern and japanese photographs features picturesqueviews of the land and people of early Edo japan, aswell as documentary photographs of ancient Chineseand japanese works of art from famous templeshrines. Smart Museum of Art; call 702-0200.The Etching Revival in Europe and America1890-1940, April 29-june 13. This exhibitionpresents the works ofjarnes McNeill Whistler, a lead­er in the 19th-century revival of etching, and noteshis influence on such other artists as Francis Hayden,Charles Meryon, joseph Pennell, Anders Zorn, andDavid Cameron. Whistler approached each print im­pression as a unique work of art, eventually inkingand printing each of his own plates. Smart Museum ofArt; call'702-0200.LecturesThe Late Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun, Tur­key, March 17 at 7:30 p.m. Faith Hentschel, CentralConnecticut State University at Stony Creek. OrientalInstitute's Breasted Hall; call 702-1677.Olin Center Lecture Series: The Legacy of Rous­seau, April 7, 21 at 4 p.m. Steven]. Kautz, Emory Uni­versity department of political science, and RichardVelkley, Stonehill College department of philosophy,respectively. Social Sciences Research Building, room122; call 702-3423.TheaterThe Mystery Cycle: The Passion with Creation in ro­tating repertory.january 8-March 14. The second se­lection from the York Cycle Plays-presented by CourtTheatre and directed by Nicholas Rudall and BernardSahlins, AB'43-traces the life and crucifixion ofjesusin communal, open-stage style, and is presented inrotating repertory with Creation. The cycle plays arebawdy versions of stories originally performed bymedieval craft, or "mystery," guilds in the 13th centu­ry. Rockefeller Memorial Chapel; call 753-4472.Orchards, March 10-11 at 8 p.m. Six contemporaryplaywrights-Maria Irene Fomes.john Guare, David8 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993Johnny Lee Davenport (left) is Lucifer and Philip Johnson is jesus in Court Theatre's The Passion. Marnet, Wendy Wasserstein, Michael Weller, andSamm-Art Williams-adapted a different Chekhovshort story from the collection of the same name, andin the University Theater Studio production, eachplay is directed by a different student. Reynolds Clubthird floor theater; call 702-3414.Daughters of My Father's House and Duck Variations,March 12-13 at 8 p.m. In the first selection, actors se­lect female characters in plays from Shakespeare toSam Shepard and develop a script through workshops,merging text with improvisation. University TheaterStudio combines this piece with Mamet's early workabout the behavior of ducks, the cycle of life, and rwogentlemen at the end of that cycle. Reynolds Club firstfloor theater; call 702-3414.Electra, February 26-April 4. Russian directorMikhail Mokeev guest directs Sophocles' tragedyabout a daughter'S revenge on her mother for murder­ing her father Although his work was suppressed dur­ing the Brezhnev era, Mokeev has taught, directed,and acted at the Moscow Arts Theatre School. CourtTheatre; call 753-4472.MusicKalichstein-Laredo-Robinson Trio, March 5 at 8p.m. This pianist, violinist, and cellist close the 50thanniversary season of the Chamber Music Series witha program of Mozart, Shostakovich, and Schubert.Mandel Hall; call 702-8068.University Symphony and Chorus, March 6 at 8 p. rn.Barbara Schubert conducts and Bruce Tammen directsRichard Strauss' Tod and Verklarung and Giuseppe Ver­di's Messa da Requiem. Mandel Hall; call 702-8484.Collegium Musicum Concert, March 7 at 8 p.rn.Kevin Mason conducts Italian music of the Late Mid­dle Ages (1300-1450). Bond Chapel; call 702-8484.Gilbert & Sullivan's Utopia Ltd., March 10-March13. David Currie directs the Gilbert & Sullivan OperaCompany and Guy Victor Bordo conducts the Uni­versity Chamber Orchestra in the annual benefitproduction for the music department. Mandel Hall;call 702-8484.Rockefeller Memorial Choir and the Symphony ofthe Shores, April 9 at 8 p.m. Featuring Mozart's Re­quim. Rockefeller Memorial Chapel; call 702-6063.Allegro Choral Festival Massed Choir Concert,April 17 at 7:30 p.m. Goodspeed Recital Hall; call702-6063.Annual Paul Fromm Concert, April 23 at 8 p. m. TheContemporary Chamber Players present clarinetistEdward Gilmore, jeffrey Strauss on reciter, andDouglas Wadd�ll on percussion performing ArnoldSchoenberg'S Ode to Napolean, Osvaldo Golijov's Yid­disbuck, and Ralph Shapey's Inventions. Mandel Hall;call 702-8068.On the QuadsMostly Music, March 21 at 4 p.m. Hourman Pour-mehdi and three accompanists perform classical Per­sian music, in conjunction with the Smart Museurn'sArt from the Persian Courts display (see Exhibitions)·Smart Museum of Art; call 667-1618.In the CityMotet Choir, March 2 at 12: 15 p.m. As part of theFirst Tuesday Performing Arts Series, the student a ca­pella group performs music of the 16th through 20thcenturies. Chicago Cultural Center's Preston BradleyHall; call 702-9192.The Crescats and Unaccompanied Women, April 6at 12: 15 p.m. The First Tuesday Performing Arts Se­ries celebrates the University'S second century. bybringing these two a cappella student singing groUPSto the Loop during lunchtime. Chicago Cultural Cen­ter's Preston Bradley Hall; call 702-9192.The University of Chicago Alumni AssociationDISTINGUISHED LECTURE SERIESTo celebrate our second century, the Alumni Association proudly announces a series of lecturesfor alumni across the country given by prominent University faculty. This continuing series willprovide alumni, parents, and friends with an opportunity to learn from the University's finestprofessors.In the coming months, six distinguished faculty members will present seminars in fifteen cities:Who's Afraid of the Fundamentalists?Martin Marty How in the World Can America Compete?Charles LipsonSaturday, April 24 • Dallas• Houston Monday, March 8Sunday, March 7• MinneapolisThe Little Red Schoolhouse andNot-50-Honest AbeJoseph Williams International Challenges toU.S. National InterestsMarvin ZonisSunday, March 7Saturday, April 24Saturday, March 6Monday, April 26• Atlanta• Los Angeles• Miami• San Diego • Boston• New York City• Washington, DC Sunday, May 2Monday, May 3Thursday, March 25Surveying Sexual AmericaRobert Michael The Age of Imminence: Adolescence Headedfor the 21 st CenturyMargaret Rosenheim• New Haven• Philadelphia• Pittsburgh Saturday, May 8Thursday, May 6Friday, May 7 • Denver• Phoenix Sunday, May 9Saturday, May 8For more information contactDISTINGUISHED LECTURE SERIESUniversity of Chicago Alumni Association5757 South Woodlawn AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637(312) 702-2157FOR THE RECORDHealthy start: The School ofSocial Service Administra­tion is launching a newMaternal and Child HealthProgram offering studentsspecialized training indealing with problems suchas infant mortality, teenpregnancy, and inadequateprenatal care. Each year, sixstudents-each of whom willreceive a $4,500 scholarshiptowards tuition and fees­will be admitted into theprogram, one of only six ofits kind in the nation.Security forum: PresidentGray has appointed astanding committee to adviseher on issues and concernsrelated to crime preventionand security on campus andin the Hyde Park neighbor­hood. Gray said that thecommittee will serve as aforum for the discussion ofconcerns expressed bystudents, faculty, and staff,and for the review and .evaluation of securityservices offered by theUniversity and other agen­cies to protect the communi­ty. SOciology professorRobert Sampson is thecommittee's chair. Budget management:an austere approachBECAUSE THE ECONOMY FORresearch universities na­tionally shows no signs ofimprovement, the University willcontinue to face severe pressureson its budget, said President HannaGray in announcing a 1993-94budget that is, in her words,"austere." .Gray said belt-tightening mea­sures taken for the 1992-93 schoolyear (See "Chicago Journal,"February/92) should help holdthis year's deficit to roughly thesame $4.6 million level in the.cen­tral academic budget experiencedlast year. Those efforts included apartial hiring suspension (whichkept the size of the faculty con­stant), slowed growth in both un­dergraduate and graduate financialaid, reductions in the benefit rate,and a freeze in officers' salaries. Yet,"in spite of this success," said Gray,"we still face a significant challengein keeping the current projecteddeficit from growing." That challenge stemsfrom the fact that "antici­pated income from en­dowment will decline inthe coming years becauseof a decrease in the pay- 'Iout rate adopted by thetrustees to protect thereal value of the endow­ment over time," Gray ex­plained. In addition, shesaid, "lower short-terminterest rates have de- Gray: "We still face a significant challenge. "creased income frommanagement of cash balances.Since last year, we are recoveringthe indirect costs of federally spon­sored research at a significantlylower rate than in years past."Gray added that other sources ofunrestricted income, includingroyalty payments, will be lower be­cause of the recession. "And, final­ly, we anticipate that the rate ofgrowth in tuition income will slowdown."Without corrective action, Gray10 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993Maintaining excellence: The Library won't be neglected to cut costs. warned, the combination of reve­nue shortfalls and necessary newinvestments could considerablyincrease the size of the problemover the next three years. Preventa­tive measures introduced into nextyear's budget will include zerogrowth in supplies and services;target cuts in specific areas, includ­ing travel, business meals, andprinting and publication expenses;holding non-faculty instructionalcompensation expenses at thisyear's level; a reduction in visitingfaculty expenses; and a slowing inthe growth of graduate financialaid. Gray said that actions towardrevenue growth will be taken, in­cluding measurements to improvecash-management, and to ensurethe College meets its enrollmenttargets.While calling for austerity, Graystressed the continuing need tomake essential investments towardmaintaining "the University's edgeof excellence." Among those in­vestments, "we must meet theneeds for facilities of newly ap­POinted faculty in the natural sci­ences, and we must continue to in­Vest in the Library for our scholarsand students. We must maintainaccess to the University's degreeprograms for students of modestmeans and the highest quality onboth graduate and undergraduatelevels.'; Gray also warned againstbalancing the budget by deferringmaintenance, or other "short-termmeasures that would weaken ourstrongest programs or create catch­up needs for the future. While wemUst act decisively," said Gray, "wemUst do.so prudently."Benefits extend tosame-sex partnersIN EARLY DECEMBER, THE UNIVER­sity approved the extension ofspousal benefits to qualifiedsame-sex domestic partners of fac­ulty, staff, and students. Under theeXtension, which went into effecton February 1, such partners are el­igible to receive all the benefitsavailable to married partners­including health insurance, libraryand gym privileges, and access tomarried student and staff housing:In addition, same-sex partners offaculty receive tuition benefits, justas faculty spouses do.The policy change "extends cov­erage to those couples who cannotlegally marry but can demonstratea long-term commitment to each�ther and joint financial obliga­tIons," said Harry Webber, assistantVice president for Human ResourceManagement. "This extension ofbenefits will aid the University inCOntinuing to recruit and retain thebest people for faculty and staffPOSitions.". "We're delighted with the policyItself and with the fact that theadministration was so responsiveto OUr proposals," said George��auncey, assistant professor inIstory and chair of the Lesbianand Gay Faculty and Staff Organi­Zation. Added Melissa Roderick, anaSSistant professor in the School of�Ocial Service Administration,The University has shown that it\\rill treat our relationships with thesame respect it treats marriagerelationships." Role-playing: Third-year student Sarah Cox prepares for a UT play.UT studeDts stayin the spotlightNEW STAFF AND MORE COURSEofferings have given Uni­versity Theater produc­tions a noticeably professionalsheen, but the commitment to aprogram run by and for students re­mains the same as when UT wasfounded as an extracurricular ac­tivity almost 50 years ago.UT's goal, according to managingdirector Bill Michel, AB'92, is stillto give students the chance to do asmuch-or little-theater as theywant. "If they want to come in andhammer for two hours, or if theywant to work very seriously, wheth­er in an extracurricular productionor in a class, we provide thoseopportunities. "While UT has always been super­vised by a managing director, (Mi­chel took over the position in Julyfrom Steve Schroer, X'80), two oth­er professional staff positions arenew. Full-time technical directorMark Lohman advises student de­signers on how to make their de­signs work, equips and maintainsthe theaters and the new set shop behind the third floor theater,and trains students in safetyprecautions.As part-time consulting artisticdirector, Jane Courant coordinatesa nine-course theater curriculum,offered through the College'S Com­mittee on General Studies in theHumanities, and also works direct­ly with students in University The­ater shows. Courant-togetherwith UT faculty director and hu­manities professor Herman Si­naiko, AB'47, PhD'61, and associ­ate English professor and UT Boardmember Francis Kinahan-selectsthe theater courses based on stu­dent demand, and then hiresteachers, mostly from outside theUniversity. Current course offer­ings include ''Acting the Greeks,""Light Design," and ''Adapting lit­erature to the Stage.""One of the weaknesses of the the­ater program was that there were notenough hands-on courses," Michelsays. When a drama track allowingstudents to complete an academicconcentration in theater was initial­ly approved in 1983, "they hadhoped to offer nine courses a yearNow, in 1992-93," says Michel, "weare finally able to." Skin gift: A $2.1 million giftto the University's Ben MayInstitute from the CorneliusCrane Trust will supportresearch by associate Insti­tute professor MarshaRosner. Her work focuses ongrowth-promoting agentsand their receptors in theepidermis that stimulate cellgrowth and lead to such skindisorders as eczema andpsoriasis. Rosner's lab willbe renamed to honor Crane,a member of a prominentChicago family, who diedin 1962.Paper chase: UCRecycle,the University's recyclingprogram, celebrated itsfourth anniversary inJanuary. Since its founding,the group estimates it hasrecycled over 2, 700,000pounds of materials; pre­served over 18,500 trees;saved 4,469,000 kilowatthours of energy; and ex­panded its program to covermore than 90 campusbuildings. Future plans: tobegin a comprehensiverecycling program at theUniversity Medical Center,and to expand cardboardcollection.Labs star: The U-HighlLaboratory Schools AlumniAssociation has chosenSherry Lansing as its 1993Distinguished Alumna of theYear. Lansing, a member ofU-High's Class of1962,heads Paramount's MotionPicture Group. She will re­ceive the award at a dinneron February 27.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 11President Holt: Thomas Holthas been named president­elect of the American Histor­ical Association. A facultymember since 1987, Holt­the james Westfall Thomp­son professor in history­specializes in African­American, Southern, andBritish Caribbean history,and the works ofWE.B. DuBois. He received his Ph.D.from Yale in 1973.Going green: A new courseon "Business and Environ­ment" will be taught duringthe spring quarter at theGraduate School ofBusi­ness. The course, a look atenvironmental issues facingtomorrow's business manag­ers, will be taught by visitingprofessor Don Coursey, thePiper professor of businesseconomics at WashingtonUniversity.Six-volume salute: TheInternational Military andDefense Encyclopedia, anewly published referencework, has been dedicated tothe memory of the lateMorns janowuz; PhD'48. AU of C faculty member for30 years, [anowas; was oneof the nation's leadingexperts on military affairs.The six-volume encyclopediaincludes 786 articles on arange of military and de­fense topics. The increased professional staffhelps improve the quality of UTproductions, yet Michel is quick topoint out that much of thedecision-making power remainswith the students. "As a volunteerorganization, we try to put as manydecisions as possible in the handsof the people who are doing it." Mi­chael Schensul, a third-year in theCollege, agrees: the staff is availablefor advice, but "there's been no at­tempt to take projects away fromstudents"-although, he admits,there is usually some "give andtake" between the technical direc­tor and a student designerStudents also participate in U'Tstwo major governing bodies. The(JT Board-which includes facultyand staff as well as students-setsgeneral policy and approves sup­plemental funding. But it's the UTcommittee, consisting of eight stu­dents and the professional staffmembers, which has the most abil­ity to shape the organization: it ap­proves approximately 35 shows a year; passes budgets; does generalscheduling; is responsible for stu­dent recruitment; and deals withother student organizations, suchas Student Government. SaysSchensul, who chairs the commit­tee, "Within the University com­munity, we are the representativesofUT."Over the years, separate studenttheater groups have merged underthe UT banner, including Black-12 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993A scene from the fall UT Mainstage show, Agnes of God. friars, the oldest campus theatergroup. UT shows are divided intotwo main categories: UT Mainstageshows (usually two or three a quar­ter) receive a full complement ofUT resources, while UT Studio typ­ically involves smaller and moreexperimental productions.Almost 400 students participatein UT each year, in productionsranging from Shakespeare to im­provisational comedy and musi­cals to experimental theater. At anygiven time, at least one of U'Ts tWOtheaters in Reynolds Club is likelyto be the scene of an unfolding re­hearsal or performance: Lohmangiving an impromptu lesson in theset shop on how to use the jigsawwithout cutting off any fingers; car­penters renovating seats in the tWatheaters (a project funded by theUniversity Women's Board); stu­dents tearing apart a closing set toget ready for the next production; IIstudent director blocking his castin preparation for one of UT Main­stage's productions.In addition to theater opportuni­ties on campus, UT offers theatricalexperience to public school stu­dents in the Hyde Park community,via a new educational outreachprogram-which includes bringingschoolchildren to campus to seeUT productions and sending U1performers into area schools forgroup discussions.Michel also hopes to strengthenUniversity Theater through the for­mation of an alumni board. "We'vegot a lot of very interesting alumniout there and I want to open thoseconnections," he says. "There'S asaying, 'Once a Blackfriar, always aBlackfriar.' I hope that's true, andI also hope it's true of all U1mernbers.t=j.H.Voices from the Quadsr or Allan [Bloom], books werethe battlefields of the past andthe present, where intellectual andmoral issues were fought. The an­cient texts, especially classical textssuch as Plato's Republic and Aristo­tle's Ethics and Politics, were themaps to those battlefields, and Al­lan was the man who spread themaps before you and traced theirrelevance.-David Grene, professorin the Committee on Social Thought,speaking at a service in remembranceof Allan Bloom, AB'49, AM'53,PhD'55, the John U. Nef distin­gUished service professor in the Com­mittee on Social Thought.Whatever happened to post­modernism? The darling ofjournalism has become the BabyJane of criticism. Not so long agothe opposite was the case ... .I, too,became suspicious of the term, andyet recently, my attitude has shiftedin a way that I can only express nowanecdotally. Last April, I spent a fewdays in Detroit-a city occupiedthree times by the army, woundedby white flight, damaged byReagan-Bush neglect. There, theWhite middle-class tourists tend totravel from one cosmetic fortress toanother.On one such track. . .1 stopped atHighland Park, the primary site ofthe Ford Model T, the first factoryWith an assembly line, the para­digm of Taylor-esque labor aroundthe world. On cue, our taxi, a Ford,broke down. And so we wereStranded at this rusted plant, per­haps the most important site in20th-century industry, now lost be­tween a de-industrial city core anda Post-urban residential ring, in aPurgatory between the modern andPOstmodern world.-Hal Foster, ed­itorofOctoberand Zone, on "What­eVer Happened to Postmodemism?"There are, as you know, five le­gal nuclear powers. They hap­pen to be the same as the perma­nent members of the U.N. Security�ouncil ... .It's clear that this shoulde remedied. And, in my view, theqUickest remedy is enlarging that?roUP at least by adding the most111lportant economic powers ... toshow that nuclear weapons alone are not the criterion of leadershipas a great power ....We must be willing to extend ourideas of anti-proliferation.' .. notonly by the stick of stricter mea­sures of sanction and prohibitionbut also by the carrot: reducing de­mand by substitution of anotherend .... The end for these states .. .isnot the possession of nuclearweapons, but possessing thingswhich come with those weapons:international influence, freedomfrom attack. And those ends are, tosome degree, within the powersof the states as a whole to grant.-Philip Morrison, professor of phys­ics at M.I. T, at a symposium on "TheProliferation of Nuclear Weapons:Past, Present, and Future. "Americans, in general, aremore interested in the futurethan in the past, while Europeanstend to venerate antiquity for an­tiquity's sake. Americans will bragthat today excellent research is be­ing done in a place where nothingwent on 20 years ago, while Euro­peans will tell you proudly that theplace where little work is beingdone today is 500 years old.­Valentine Telegdi-former U of Cphysics faculty member-during atalk given at the symposium "ThePhysical Sciences at the University ofChicago." The European Community ... isthe wrong organization for thewrong countries at the wrong time.The 12 EC member states were alldemocratic, market economies,committed to the U.S, and anti­communist foreign policies.Strengthening those states throughfreer trade was meant to bolster theWest and lessen the possibilities ofthe spread of communism ....But, with the collapse of the Sovi­et Union, the challenge has beentransformed. Not the threat of com­munism, but the need to build eco­nomic prosperity is the issue-andnot in the EC 12 but in the formercommunist satellites and in thenewly independent republics ofthe former Soviet Union.Those states must be included ina new pan-European economicunion. Economic failure in thosestates would bring economic cha­os, politicalinstability, mass migra­tion, and war. Yet the prosperousstates of Europe keep transferringmassive funds to the least well-offof the EC 12. In the new post­communist era, Greece, Ireland,Spain, and Portugal do not appearto be important challenges to thestability of Europe.-Marvin Zonis,professor in the Graduate School ofBusiness, addreSSing the GSB's 31stannual downtown Business ForecastLuncheon. Lost and found: Two vol­umes of Lost Egypt, a seriesof limited-edition portfoliOSproduced by the EpigraphicSurvey of the OrientalInstitute, are being releasedfor sale this month, with athird to come out in April.Each features ten mountedprints of photographs takenbetween 1880 and 1930,primarily for the touristtrade. The prints are hand­made from glass negativesusing methods and materialsemployed in the 19th centu­ry. Only 200 copies of eachvolume will be made. The setof portfolios costs $6,000-after April 30, the price willbe $8,000.Gift return: Ralph Lewis,PhB'32, AM'58, has giventhe University $1.5 millionto establish the Ralph LewisProfessorship in SOciology.An alumnus of the sociologydepartment, Lewis-aresident of Santa Barbara,Calif-says, "My experienceat Chicago is connected tothe core of my life. It affectedand benefited me in manyways that this gift, in part, ismeant to repay."Top coaches: Three U of Ccoaches have been named tothe University AthleticAssociation's Coaching Staffof the year: head crosscountry coach MichaelOrechia; head women'ssoccer coach Amy Reifert;and Rosalie Resch, AB'73,associate athletic directorand head volleyball coach.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 13As the University of Chicago's eleventh president-Huge Sonnenscheil1Special ReportThelIaDWhoWiliBePresideDtBy Mary Ruth Yoe14 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993, 'T he thing that's most un-U of Cabout me," Hugo Sonnen-schein confesses during· aphone interview a few weeksafter being elected the eleventh president ofthe University of Chicago, "is that I've spentso little time at the U of c." That "outsider"image will change on July 1, when Sonnen­schein, since 1991 the provost of PrincetonUniversity, succeeds Hanna Holborn Gray,who will retire on June 30, after 15 years asthe University's chief executive, to return toteaching;The official announcement came at a De­cember 18 press conference, held in the IdaNoyes Library. It followed on the heels ofa special meeting of the University's boardof trustees, at which the 52-year-old econo­mist was unanimously elected to the presi­dential post.At the press conference, Sonnenschein-indark suit, maroon-patterned tie, and widesmile-was joined by his wife, Elizabeth, anepidemiologist at the New York UniversitySchool of Medicine. (The Sonnenscheinshave three daughters: Leah, 28; Amy, 27; andRachel,26.)Introducing her successor, President Graybeamed happily. 'This is a wonderful day forthe University of Chicago," she said. "It iswonderfully symbolic that today also hap­pens to be convocation day and that on thisday of new beginnings the University haselected a new president." In Hugo Sonnen­schein, Hanna Gray continued, the Univer­sity found "the perfect president."Sonnenschein returned the compliment:"Hanna Gray's long and distinguished tenurehas prepared a foundation for the future," hetold reporters. "I will do my best to live up tothe high standards she and her predecessorshave set."Sonnenschein will be the first presidentwithout an extensive U of C connection sincethe Nobel Prize-winning biologist GeorgeBeadle became the University's seventh pres­ident in 1961. In determining what qualitiesand qualifications the University desired inits next president, noted Howard]. Krane,JD'S7, chairman of the University's boardof trustees and of the presidential searchcommittee, both the trustees and the facultyinvolved in the search had agreed that, al­though it was not a requirement, "perhaps itwould be better at this point to have some­body from the outside."After a long presidency, which has been avery distinguished one," Krane said, "it was the feeling of a number of people that you arebenefited by a fresh look at things."In a prophetic bit of coincidence, Kranetold the Ida Noyes gathering, Sonnenscheinhad been the very first person (of more than400) nominated for the post. "Right after I be­came chairman of the board and the searchhad started," Krane said, "I bumped intosomeone at the Hospitals who knew him atPrinceton, and this person said, The nextpresident of the University should be HugoSonnenschein. '"Hugo rose to the top of our list very early,"Krane said. "We never got down to a short list.This was our choice."As university presidents go, HugoSonnenschein has spent relativelylittle time in academic adminis­tration. The bulk of his 30 years in academehas been as a professor of microeconornictheory. A member of the National Academyof Sciences, he is also a fellow of the Econo­metric Society, which he has served as presi­dent and .as editor of the society's journal,Econometrica.After receiving his Ph.D. from Purdue Uni­versity in 1964, he taught first at the Univer­sity of Minnesota, and later at the Universityof Massachusetts at Amherst, NorthwesternUniversity, and Princeton. Then, in 1988,came a career change: he was approached bythe School of Arts and Sciences at the Univer­sity of Pennsylvania when it was searchingfor a new dean. The job is one that StephenNichols, professor of French at JohnsHopkins University and Sonnenschein's as­sociate dean at Penn, calls a "launching pad"for higher education administrators. (Onerecent occupant of the post, Vartan Gregor­ian, is now president of Brown University.)Three years later-after helping to revital­ize undergraduate teaching at Penn whiletripling the School of Arts and Sciences' en­dowment from $35 million to $105 million-Sonnenschein returned to Princeton as itSprovost. There, ranking as the university'Ssecond in command, its chief academic offi­cer, and chair of the committee responsiblefor producing the university's operatingbudget, he became known for his informalstyle, popping in on undergraduate parties injeans and sweater, and for his ability to listencarefully to a variety of university voices.Sonnenschein's smooth journey from pro­fessor to president may have its underpin­nings in his scholarly interests, beginningwith his first encounter with mathematicalSays he'll start with a big advantage: the University itself.economics in the pages of Econometrica. As asenior mathematics major at the Universityof Rochester, he enrolled in a statistics coursefor social scientists, aiming to satisfy a distri­bUtion requirement. Discovering that he was"substantially overprepared" for the course,the professor steered Sonnenschein toEconometrica, asking him to write some criti­cal reviews of papers that used mathematicallllethods to do economics. An article aboutKenneth Arrow's general possibility theorem"so fascinated me," Sonnenschein later toldMichael Parkin in the college textbook Eco­nomics (Addison-Wesley, 1990), "that I toreup my acceptances to mathematics graduateSchool and set off for graduate school in eco­nomics instead."What attracted him was "the combinationof formal analysis with thinking about howpeople think, about how societies function. Ihad not seen that synthesis before and it wasone that suited me well."IThe complexity ofthat synthesis was also attractive. As he toldParkin, "Economics is not for those who areattracted to real-world problems which haveSimple and clear solutions. For these individ­uals I recommend astrology."Sonnens�hein focused his research on gen­eral equilibrium and game theory, fields hecalled complementary and "similar in spir­�t": "A major lesson of both approaches is thatIn economics everything depends on every­�hing else. In general equilibrium the lessonIs that what I pay for a commodity depends?n other people's tastes, the distribution ofIncome, and the production processes forlllany different commodities. In game theorythe lesson is that what I should choose de­pends on what others choose, because theiractions influence the consequences of myaCtions."lfhis scholarly research in micro economictheory can be read as apt preparation for ne­gOtiating the complexities inherent in life at alllajor research university, Sonnenschein'stransition from teacher to administrator also�eems natural. "I have always felt very privi­. eged to be a teacher and a scholar, and to doIt Under what can only be described as verygOod conditions," he says. "It seemed mostWOrthwhile to help make that experienceavailable to others."You do quite a lot of this as a teacher and as; gOod colleague, in any case," he continues.n addition, "I came to feel that there wereli«go Sonnenschein fields questions from thepress while Hanna Gray looks on.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 1516 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993other parts of myself that 1 wanted to try out. 1knew what 1 was as a scholar, what 1 was as ateacher." The third factor in his career"switch," he says, "was being offered just ex­traordinary opportunities."Asked what he considers hisstrengths as an academic admin�s­trator, Hugo Sonnenschein re­sponds with a qualifier: ''I'll tell you what 1 tryvery hard to do.""I start with an advantage. 1 really loveteaching and scholarship-and these places,the outstanding universities of the world. 1start by believing in scholarship and dis­course, in people forcefully putting forththeir ideas, in creative work. That belief andthat respect help me quite a lot."I try to listen well," he continues, "to bringpeople together. Universities are in manyways very fragile institutions. We give peopleextraordinary latitude in what they will do,and we depend so much on their using thatlatitude well. What that means is that withuniversities, you're in the business of en­couraging, more than in the business ofdirecting."I try to make my own arguments in veryopen ways, to understand what's around meand what the opportunities are, and then toexplain them," he adds. "There's an aspect ofthe teacher in this."At the same time, administration differsfrom other forms of academic work: "There'sless opportunity to make sure that you havethe perfect solution. The big difference forme in being an administrator is having to getit off your desk before it's polished." Helaughs. "But that's exciting as well-that'sfun.""Fun" is also the word that Stephen Nich­ols, Sonnenschein's associate dean at Penn,uses to describe his former boss's adminis­trative style: "He's a lot of fun to work with.We'd go into his office in the morning andhe'd say, 'We've got these problems. We caneither look at them as problems or we canlook at them as something exciting to solve.'"We might go out to a lunch cart-there arelots oflunch carts at Penn-and we'd stand inline, talking over the problems. By going outof the office, out of the administration, youput the problems in context. You had thesense that the people you were talking about,the buildings you were talking about, thecourses-were real. They weren't just ab­stract problems to be solved."By wanting to maintain an open, relaxedstyle in office, Sonnenschein emphasizes, "Idon't want to suggest that there aren't verysubstantial challenges to being a universitypresident at this moment. I'm an optimisticperson, but that doesn't mean that 1 don't rec­ognize the extraordinary pressures facing the Elizabeth Sonnenschein is an epidemiologist.University and higher education in general."The University is concerned with wherewe will fit in terms of national priorities infederal spending. We're a complicated insti­tution in terms oflarge numbers of regulato­ry issues, large numbers of employment­related issues. And in terms of theopportunities, but also the challenges, ofworking with the city to be a good neighbor,to make the city better-and to do all this inthe context of the particular mission of theUniversity."Sonnenschein will join the University nearthe midpoint of its largest fund-raising cam­paign ever, the $500 million Campaign forthe Next Century. "The business of leadingthe University in its quest for resources issomething 1 regard as the most natural exten­sion of caring for the place," he says, addingthat "I'm not fazed" by fund- raising responsi­bilities. "I have a great regard for the work ofthe University of Chicago, both in terms ofscholarship and in teaching, and 1 can thinkof much more dreary activities than askingpeople who believe in what the University isdoing to help provide what's necessary tocontinue its excellence."The emphasis is plain: "I like what 1 do, and1 like to be out in the middle of it."HUgO Sonnenschein will be corningto Chicago as part of a two-careerfamily. "We're moving to Chicagobecause of my career change, not my wife's,"he says. "I'm very grateful that my wife haSbeen willing to make this move."Elizabeth Sonnenschein has experience inweaving her professional career around herfamily roles. After earning a nursing degree atthe University of Rochester and teaching pe­diatric nursing, she took time out, staying athome until their youngest daughter turnedfour. "We always played math games withthe girls," she notes, and all three daughterswere math majors in college: Leah, now avice president in global risk management atChase Manhattan Bank, majored in mathe­matics and economics at Northwestern,earning an M.A. in finance; Amy, in brandmanagement at Johnson &: Johnson, was amathematics and French major at Washing­ton University before earning her M.B.A.from Penn's Wharton School; and Rachel, agraduate of Northwestern (having trans­ferred from Bates College), has just returnedfrom teaching mathematics with the PeaceCorps in NigerDuring the years that Hugo Sonnenscheintaught at the University of Massachusetts atAmherst, Beth Sonnenschein earned a mas­ter's degree in epidemiology from UMass'sSchool of Public Health. After he joined thePrinceton faculty, she commuted to the Uni­versity of Pennsylvania, earning her Ph.D. in1988. Today, she works in cancer epidemiol­ogy at the New York University School ofMedicine, where one of her projects is anNyU study to detect the differences, if any,between the hormonal profiles of womenwho get breast cancer and those who don't.She's also in the second year of a three-yearstudy of breast cancer in women who havehad breast implants; the study hopes to de­termine whether women with· breast im­plants run an excess risk of breast cancerand/ or connective tissue disorders."I hope to continue working as an epidemi­ologist in Chicago," she says, "but how thatwill develop I'm not quite sure." Also still toevolve is her role as the president's spouse.What's certain, she says, is that the campuscommunity will find her style, like her hus­band's, "informal.""Hugo feels it's very important for him to beavailable and accessible to students, to facul­ty, to everyone at the University," she says."To the extent that I can participate in thatopenness and availability, I will."She's very happy, Beth Sonnenschein adds,to be returning to Chicago. "It's a wonderfulCity," she says. "I like it a lot."The summer of 1993 will be the sec­ond one that Hugo Sonnenscheinhas spent on the quads. In 1959, asan 18-year-old University of Rochester stu­dent, he took courses in mathematics andPoetry at the U of C. "I had a wonderful sum­tner," he recalls. "I lived in Snell-Hitchcock,played pool, saw Cubs games, and talkedabout the math I was doing and the poetry Iwas reading. The poetry course was a won­�erful course by [the late professor of Eng­hsh] Elder Olson, on Gerard Manleyliopkins, and two- thirds of the course was on'The Wreck of the Deutschland.'"Although that summer doesn't qualify himfor alumni status, when Sonnenschein dis­cusses the institution, it is easy to see why "I am obsessively interested in undergraduate education," Hugo Sonnenschein told a reporterat the Ida Noyes press conference announdng his appointment as U of C president.English professor Paul Hunter, chair of thefaculty's presidential search committee, tolda New York Times reporter, "He explains usvery well.""For me, one of the most attractive aspectsof the University of Chicago," Sonnenscheindeclares, "is that it is a university where thefaculty has managed to stay much closer to­gether than in other places. There are generalintellectual bridges-a good deal of collabo­rative activity-across departments and divi­sions. It's a great asset," he believes, because"much of the very best work is synthetic.Much of the very best thinking really doesput together fundamental ideas and knowl­edge from different areas of inquiry."Such interdisciplinary synthesis is a Chica­go characteristic, he says, for "three reasons.First, it's somehow a tradition. Second, Chi­cago is quite an extraordinary· place. It hasmore than the usual number of people at thetop of their game-mature, top-flight schol­ars. And the third reason is size. It's a little bitmore compact than most of the universitiesit compares itselfwith. There are few univer­sities that do such a range of activity that arethe size of Chicago."An important sense of "cohesion," Son­nenschein says, is a particular strength of theUniversity's faculty. "All great universities arecharacterized by strong faculty." Moreover,the University'S faculty has an "added, won­derful quality of being really curious, inter­ested, telling it as it is, and caring about theUniversity." The faculty's tradition of activeleadership in University life is one that "I'mcomfortable with-it's the kind of culture I'mfrom, and I celebrate it. At the same time," he notes, "there are responsibilities of beingpresident ... and there are decisions to make,and we make these as best we can."Just as the University's faculty is distinctive,he says, so are the University's alumni:"There really is such a thing as a 'Chicagograduate.'" And there is the same need forgive-and-take between the president and thealumni. 'The institution has a continual re­sponsibility to regard the alumni as part of anextended family," he emphasizes. Fulfillingthat responsibility makes it easier, in turn, foralumni to exercise their own responsibility:"A very important part of the strength of theUniversity is the caring of the alumni, andcaring means letting the University know­letting the president know-what they thinkof the place."In the weeks since his appointment, Son­nenschein remarks, he's met many U of C .graduates: 'They come charging up to meand they tell me about their love of the place-how special it is, how they got a Chicago ed­ucation. They tell me it was a real education,not a pretend education."Then there have been the letters. "What Ihear over and over again, in letter after letter,"he says, "goes something like this: 'Chicago isa place that honors the forthright contestingof ideas, the most intellectually tough andstimulating place I have ever been.'"I will say flat out that nobody could receiveletters like that other than a person ap­pointed the president of the University ofChicago. That's where the privilege is,': HugoSonnenschein concludes with satisfaction,"and that's not a bad place to start aspresident."UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 17arris Wofford enters aconference room at 9:30a.m. the Tuesday beforeThanksgiving and nodsto the 15 undergraduateswho sit around theroom's long table. "Let'ssit over here," he says to Richard Taub, theprofessor who accompanies him, pointingto the table's center. "I like to be in the middleof things."It's a statement that seems to characterizeboth Wofford, AB'48, the Democratic senatorfrom Pennsylvania, and his upcoming dayon campus. Wofford has been invited backto his alma mater as a Marjorie Kovler visit­ing fellow-to meet students, journalists, andfaculty, and to give a lecture at day's end.Relaxed and genial, Wofford takes off hissuit jacket before sitting down. After the stu­dents-members of Taub's public policyclass-introduce themselves, he takes thefloor. "We are living through a turning pointin our history," he tells the class, "in the sameway the Sixties were a turning point."offord experi­enced that turn­ing point first­hand, as a keyaide to John FKennedy duringhis 1960 presi­dential campaign, then as Kennedy's specialassistant and chair of the subcabinet groupon civil rights. He was there when, in aspeech on the steps of the University ofMichigan's student union, President Kenne­dy formed the idea of the Peace Corps, and hehelped organize the Corps with SargentShriver, serving as its special representativeto Africa, and later becoming its associate di­rector. After leaving the Peace Corps in 1966,Wofford became the founding president ofthe State University of New York's College atOld Westbury.In 1968, while still president of the SUNYcollege, Wofford returned to Chicago to at­tend the Democratic National Convention,where he got caught up in a melee betweenprotesters and police, and landed in jail. "Sit­ting in that jail cell, as the tear gas waftedthrough a vent, listening to Humphrey'snomination acceptance speech," Woffordsays now, "was, in a sense, the end of the Six­ties for me."But the passing of the Sixties didn't signalthe end. of Wofford's political career. Taubcalls him "the first harbinger of change," arole he assumed after unexpected circum­stances. When a helicopter crash in early1991 killed Pennsylvania Senator JohnHeinz, Governor Bob Casey searched for aDemocrat to fill the seat until the special18 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 Three weeks after the November election pld Swhose own election to the U.S. Senate was see .. ,fBy Debra Lades1tDelection that November. Casey was turneddown by many, including Lee Iacocca, untilhe asked his own secretary of labor and in­dustry to take the job. Not many people in thestate had heard of Harris Wofford. If he wasknown at all, it was for being the first malepresident of Bryn Mawr College, a post heheld from 1970 to 1978. Wofford, many as­sumed, would lose easily to his Novemberopponent-the U.S. Attorney General (andtwice-elected Pennsylvania governor) DickThornburgh.It was not that Wofford lacked political ex­perience-indeed, he had a lifetime of public service. But his career, from its beginnings,has been somewhat out of step with thenorm. After a stint in the Air Force duringWorld War II, he attended the University oUthe G.!. Bill. He and his wife, Clare, studiedGandhi's teachings on non-violence and civ­il disobedience in India in 1949, and laterwrote a book, India Afire, about their experi­ences. In 1954 he earned a law degree fromHoward University, one of the first white stu­dents ever to do so. (He also received a con­current law degree from Yale.)Wofford won't let himself be pigeonholedinto a tidy political category. "An 'unrepen-�e"'oCl'at back ill the White Bouse, the manltilrbinger of that change returned to the U of C.�Olograph by Matthew Gilsontant liberal' isn't quite the description I'd��ve for myself," he tells a U of C student..1 Ve always been very interested in the real­lStn side, in how you get things done. Whenall the liberals were supporting Stevenson orliUtnphrey, I, early on, supported Kennedybecause he had a more realistic chance ofgetting things through." As he'll say in his af­ternoon speech, "I'm interested in resultsand action. After a year in the Senate, 1 wel­COtne the burden on our back, the opportuni­ty, the responsibility to stand and deliver."It Was this "can do" approach that helpedWofford win his contest against Thornburgh. When he began to campaign, the pollsshowed Wofford behind by 44 percentagepoints. Thornburgh, who boasted that hehad walked "the corridors of power" inWashington, acted as if election were a donedeal-his campaign manager was quotedcalling Thornburgh "the salvation for thissorry-assed state." Yet Wofford refused togive up. He hired consultant James Carville(who later advised Clinton in his run for theWhite House) and fought his opponent witha populist agenda, centered on one theme:health care for everyone. "If criminals have aright to a lawyer," he proclaimed, "working Americans have a right to a doctor"Pennsylvania voters agreed. Tired of thestatus quo that Thornburgh represented,they voted in the outsider with 56 percent ofthe vote. A triumphant Wofford pronouncedhis win the "first day of the end of the Bushadministration. "In the conference room with Taub's stu­dents, Wofford recalls how he felt when, withthe November election of Bill Clinton, thatbold pronouncement became reality. "Itwas," he says, "like day coming after night. IfBush had been reelected, you could only ex­pect constant opposition from Congress toBush's bills. There would have been terriblegridlock. Now," he says, "Congress is ready tosupport a president."he session with Taub's stu­dents runs a little long andWofford is anxious to get towork. With less than twohours of free time in theday's schedule, Wofforduses every spare moment torevise his afternoon speech. Although forformal occasions-his remarks to the Demo­cratic National Convention last July, for ex­ample-he reads from prepared texts, he pre­fers his talks to be more free-form, and usesnotes as his guide. This day, they are hand­written on a yellow legal pad.All too soon, it's time to head across thequads for the next engagement-a 12:30 p.m.lunch. A tall, lean man, Wofford walks quick­ly across the main quad's muddy lawn, shun­ning the path in favor of a slippery shortcut.His long strides leave his companions a fewsteps behind. Though the day is chilly and alight mist makes everything damp, Woffordis unencumbered by overcoat or umbrella.At the William Benton House, Benton fel­lowship program director John Callawaygreets Senator and Mrs. Wofford, who joinhim for a luncheon with members of theKovler committee and the Benton Fellows­professional broadcast journalists spendinga year on sabbatical studying at the Universi­ty. Over after-dinner coffee and pecan pie,Callaway formally introduces his guest as"the crocus candidate"-because, he says,"Wofford broke through early Crocusescome up first and, because he won in Novem­ber of the year before, he was the sign ofthings to come."Wofford begins by confessing to his audi­ence of professional journalists that he's con­cerned about the media. "I have a fear thatthose who live by the media die by the me­dia," Wofford says. "I worry about the media."And, with the timing worthy of a professionalcomedian, he adds: "Nice to meet all of you."The Benton fellows take that as their cue, andlaunch into their reporter modes-theirUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 19questions for him cover everything from for­eign policy, to health care, to details aboutBill Clinton.Wofford, who worked on national serviceinitiatives with Clinton when he was stillgovernor of Arkansas, is eager to answer. "Ilike Bill Clinton more than any political per­son I have ever worked for," he says. "But Ihave a little shadow of concern that he worksa little too hard at getting people to like him­that he has a hard time saying no." Talk ofClinton leads to mention of the pre­convention short list of vice-presidentialcontenders that included Wofford. "It mademy blood run a little faster," he admits, yet hewas "never convinced I was the best choice."Recalling his own experiences in the 1960s,he says, "we would have been a nice little two­some for the campaign-Wofford in jail, andClinton visiting Moscow."nother group of studentsawaits Wofford after lunch.This time, it's the 2:30 p.m."Health Policy in an AgingSociety" graduate classtaught by Christine Cassel,AB'67, professor in the de­partment of medicine and the Irving B. HarrisGraduate School of Public Policy Studies.Wofford looks at home in the classroom. Un­like otherpoliticians-SenatorsJohn Warneror Edward Kennedy, for example-Wofforddoesn't have a celebrity patina. Quicklyshedding the jacket of his by-now wrinkledgray suit, he appears down-to-earth, ap­proachable, academic. Indeed, people passthe glass-walled atrium where the class isheld without seeming to notice that a UnitedStates senator is at the lectern."I had the opportunity recently to volun­teer in a hospital as a clerk in the billing of­fice," Wofford tells the students. "Goingthrough the forms and working the day atthat job, I discovered the mountain of bu­reaucratic paperwork from the governmentand the insurance companies that is drown­ing our hospitals, our doctors, and our pa­tients." It's his lead-in for a discussion ofhealth care reform options. Managed compe­tition is one possibility, Wofford says, ex­plaining a system in which groups of people-businesses, universities, even local govern­ments-would form health care purchasingcooperatives, and purchase health care inbulk for their members, without the restric­tions that leave uninsured those with pre­existing conditions or other problems.To answer the questions that follow, Wof­ford steps in front of the lectern -taking awaythe wall between students and "expert."Afterall, he tells them, judging from the class' title,"I should be the one learning from you."When Cassel mentions a book or paper the20 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993class is reading, Wofford asks David Stone,his communications director, to jot down thename of the text, to get a copy of the journal.In tum, he recommends a book of his own:Whittle Communications' The Logic ofHealth-care Reform. After an hour with thestudents, Wolford reluctantly takes his leave.In 30 minutes, he must be in Kent Hall to givethe Kovler lecture.t precisely 4 p.m., Woffordarrives for his afternoonlecture, his professorialgray suit replaced by a sen­atorial navy blue pinstripe.As Public Policy dean Ro­bert Michael introduceshim-" ... he has shown us how much goodcan come from sensitive efforts to addressreal problems in our community"-Woffordscribbles away, making last-minutes changesto his notes.The lofty, and lengthy, title of Wofford'sspeech is "From Antipolitics to a New Politics:Finding a Common Ground for a New Era ofUnited Government." He begins by talkingabout a speech he made on campus in 1965-one that conveyed "a great deal of optimism."Even though it discussed unemployment,school dropouts, and urban blight, the speechemphasized what the government was doingto solve those problems: advances the civilrights movement had made, the War on Pover­ty programs-including Head Start, the JobCorps, the Peace Corps. "I came here," Wof­ford remembers, "and I made a case that thegovernment was the agent of change and thatwe were on our way""In one sense," he says, "how wrong I was."In just a few weeks after that talk, Woffordcontinues, the Watts housing project in LosAngeles erupted in riots that spread to citiesthroughout the country. Resources allocatedto the War on Poverty were diverted to Viet­nam. "And then Watergate came," adding tomany people's distrust of government and itsleaders. In the Reagan years, he says, thecountry went down the "course of spend andborrow, with very little concern for the com­mon good," as anti political sentiment grew,spreading to the middle class.With the election of a new president, Wof­ford says, the tide is turning. "And so here Iam again, contending that we're on the move,that we have great prospects, that we can gofrom antipolitics to a new politics, that thereis a common ground in sight, for action. AmI right this time? Or am I an incurableoptimist?"You'd better hope I'm right," Wofford an­swers his own rhetorical question. "For yoursake and our country's sake." But being rightdoesn't mean the path is easy, Wofford cau­tions. President Clinton, he says, must now strike the delicate balance between bothsides of every issue to start the motion.After a day of nonstop speaking engage­ments, Wofford's weariness, despite flashesof eloquence, comes through in his speech.His voice has a Clintonesque hoarseness.In closing, he recalls a 1950 meeting withMartin Buber, the Israeli philosopher andtheologian. "Martin Buber sounded a lot likeRobert Hutchins when he said to us, The realthing in life is not the answer, but getting theright questions and following them wherethey lead.' A member of our group asked him,'Well, what is the right question?' And Bubersaid, 'Ah, the real question, the great ques­tion, always is: Are you ready?'"And that's the question I wanted to put toyou today," Wofford says, looking straight outat his audience. "Are you ready?" Tentativelyat first, then louder, the applause comes. Be­fore the last clap fades, Wofford murmursbriskly, "Your tum," and again the questionsbegin.National service, the line-item veto, theNorth American free trade agreement, Wof­ford's role in the civil rights movement, thesimilarities, if any, between Clinton and Ken­nedy Questions fly for nearly 30 minutes.Wofford answers each in detail, his tirednessgone. "How can health care be reformed,"one woman asks, "when insurance compan­ies object and can spend hundreds of thou­sands of dollars lobbying their cause?""If we were trying to do it with the presidenton the other side," Wofford responds, "itwould be totally impossible. It was totally im­possible with Bush, who's against any kind ofcomprehensive reform. There is going to be abattle royal, whatever the presidential mes­sage on health care is," he concedes, detail­ing the issues that must be resolved: "HoWmuch long term care are we going to af­ford .... Howdo you define mental healthcare?" Facts and figures spill out until itseems as if he'll never finish answering·Then, as if he knows he's following a paththat doesn't end, he takes another question.Even after the dean announces that the af­ternoon's lecture is officially over, the ques­tions aren't over for Wofford. As if on cue, stU­dents gather at the lectern-asking hiIllabout Clinton, about the Kennedy adminiS­tration, about the turning points that HarriSWofford was witness to, and harbinger of.As she leaves the auditorium already wellpast 5 p.m., Clare Wofford turns to David Ep�stein, secretary of the board of trustees (andadministrator of the Kovler program). please,she asks him, pull the senator away from thecrowd of students after about 15 minutes.The Woffords have a dinner to attend at U ofC president Hanna Gray's house, and thesenator, she tells Epstein, "could go on talk�ing to students for hours."FOR MUCH OF THIS CENTURY, GIOACHINO ROSSINI WASTHOUGHT OF AS A ONE-OPERA COMPOSER. NOW SCHOLARSAND MUSICIANS HAVE CLEARED UP A SERIES OFMUSICAL MISUNDERSTANDINGS-AND RECLAIMED THE,SCORES THAT ROSSINI ACTUALLY WROTE.n 1968, to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of Gioachino Rossini's death, the­aters around the United States and Europe trotted out yet another tired version of TheBarber of Seville. What the public seeing these myriad productions did not generallyknow was that The Barber of Seville-which remains one of the most widely performedoperas in the repertory-was but one work by a composer who had written 40 operas,and whose style dominated theaters all over Europe and even into America in the firsthalf of the 19th century Donizetti, Bellini, and Verdi were just a few of the composerswho built their work on Rossini's foundation.Despite this influence, between the end of Rossini's active compositional career in1830 and the first part of the 20th century, most of his operas-many of which wereBY PHILLIP GOSSETTUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 21considered enormously important in theirtime-had simply disappeared. Had theypondered this disappearance, most peoplein 1968 would have probably assumed that ahistorical judgment had been rendered-ajudgment that was somehow valid.Thankfully for music lovers, things havechanged a lot since 1968. To celebrate the bi­centennial of Rossini's birth in the year justpast, opera houses across the nation and inEurope have offered far more than The Barberof Seville. The Lyric Opera of Chicago per­formed Rossini's Otello to open its 1992-93season. The San Francisco Opera did Wil­liam Tell and a piece called Ermione-a seri­ous opera based on Andromaque by Racine­as well as The Barber of Seville and L'italiana inAlgeri. The Metropolitan Opera in New Yorkperformed Semiramide, as did. the Dallas Op­era. Opera houses in Tulsa and Minneapolismounted productions of Rossini's Armida,based on the Italian renaissance epic. Allover the world, works that were not evenimagined stageworthy in 1968 are now beingdone.To understand this revival of Rossini'swork, and why his oeuvre fell into obscurityin the first place, you have to know a bit aboutthe composer's biography. He was born to afamily of musicians in Pesaro, a smallAdriatic city in the region known as theMarches. Rossini's childhood in Pesaro wasnot altogether peaceful. The Napoleonicwars, bringing with them French and papalsoldiers in confusing alternation, led tothe brief imprisonment of Rossini's father,whose enthusiasm for the cause of libertydispleased the papal authorities., Gioachino's musical talents emerged at anearly age. Starting at the age of lO, he oftenserved as maestro al cembalo-a kind of re­hearsal accompanist-and began compos­ing. A libretto printed for the Teatro del Cor­so in Bologna in 1805 lists Rossini'sperformance as the boy, Adolfo, in Paer'sCamilla.The next year, in Bologna, where his par­ents settled after a throat ailment forced hismother to retire from her theatrical career,Rossini entered the Liceo Musicale. There hefollowed courses in singing, the cello, the pi­ano, and counterpoint. He devoured the mu­sic of Haydn and Mozart; years later, hewould call Mozart the "admiration of myyouth, the desperation of my mature years,Philip Gossett, the University's Robert W Rene­her distinguished service professor, is dean of theDivision of Humanities and general editor of theEdizione critica delle opere di GioachinoRossini, published by the Fondazione Rossiniin Pesaro, Italy This article was adapted froma talk Gossett gave last fall during the annualHumanities Open House .'22 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993the consolation of my old age."During this first decade of the 19th century,the future of Italian opera was murky. Themantles of Cimarosa and Paisiello were leftvacant, and even the best composers seemedunable to reconcile the typical 18th-centuryconventions of the opera seria (serious opera,often based on classical or heroic themes)with newer approaches, manifested in themature operas of Mozart. It was at this time,as the challenges of a dying tradition wentunfulfilled, that Rossini's operatic career be­gan in earnest, at a small theater in Venice,the Teatro S Moise=-a very special kind oftheater, willing to take chances on youngcomposers.With modest resources, the Teatro S Moisewas limited to performing one-act operascalled farse. Within the course of three years,Rossini wrote five [arse for the S Moise, op­eras which were so successful that major the­aters in Venice began to pursue the youngcomposer. For the Teatro La Fenice-whichremains one of the great Italian theaters-hewrote Tancredi, an idyllic opera seria, in 1813.That same year, he penned the zaniest of allbuffo operas, L'italiana in Algeri, for the TeatroS Benedetto, a smaller Venetian theater.These operas-one serious, the other comic-won Rossini international acclaim.For the next few years he traveled, largely innorthern Italy, writing for theaters in Milan,Ferrara, Venice, and Bologna. In 1815, he re­ceived an invitation to Naples from Domeni­co Barbaia, one of the great impresarios of the19th century. Barbaia supposedly got hisstart as a waiter in a bar in Milan (the Bar­baiata-a cafe espresso, ice cream, and creamconcoction-is named for him) and gradual­ly built a reputation as a great connoisseur ofvoices and of the theater. Seeking to revitalizeoperatic life in Naples, Barbaia invited Ros­sini both to compose for his theaters and toserve as their musical and artistic director.Once in Naples, Rossini spent the next sev­en years writing mainly for Barbaia's Teatro SCarlo. During this period, the focus of his at­tention as a composer shifted. The fact thatthe Teatro S Carlo performed only opera seriacaused Rossini gradually to move his atten­tion away from comic opera, a move whichhe seemed very willing to make, in part be­cause of the theater's superb singers and fineorchestra. By working with a specific compa­ny, he could also write more deliberately andbe assured of adequate rehearsals. He couldcome to know the strengths of his company,and company and composer could developtogether. Although Rossini wrote occasional­ly for other cities during this period (includ­ing Il barbiere di Siviglia and La Cenerentolafor Rome), it was for the Teatro S Carlo that hewrote what many feel are not only his per­sonal masterpieces, but also the works thathad the greatest impact on the developmentof 19th-century Italian opera. These includeArmida, Mose in Egitto, La donna dellago, andZelmira. Though written for Venice in 1823,Semiramide is a fitting climax to this periodand brings to a close Rossini's Italian careerAs with most aspects of Rossini's biography,why he left Naples in 1822, and then Italy in1823, is open to conjecture, although theywere decisions no doubt influenced by hismarriage to Isabella Colbran, his prima don­na at the Teatro 5 Carlo, and Barbaia's formermistress. He went on a tour, first to Englandand then to Paris, where he developed work­ing relationships, initially with the Theatre­Italien in Paris and then, most importantly,with the Opera. For the Opera he wrote fouroperas between 1826 and 1829. The first twoare revisions of Neapolitan works: MaomettoII became Le siege de COrinthe; Mose in Egittobecame MoYse. He then wrote a comic opera,Le Comte Ory, and, in 1829, Guillaume Tell(William Tell), widely thought to be his mas­terwork. And then he stopped. Although helived another four decades, and composedother works, particularly in the last decade ofhis life, Rossini wrote no more operas.-� .. -. here are theories of every kindas to why Rossini stoppedcomposing-political, person­al, psychological, financial.None of them is provable,none of them alone is true.What we can discuss with more certainty iswhat happened to Rossini's operas duringthe remainder of his own lifetime. Quitesimply, they gradually stopped beingperformed.One important reason for this was a changein singing style. In particular, there was a shiftaway from the kind of florid vocal style thatevery singer during Rossini's era was expect­ed to be able to handle. To post-Wagnerianaudiences, florid singing suggests the me­chanical coloratura doll in Offenbach's Talesof Hoffmann. Yet that was not what floridwriting was for Rossini. It was not show-itwas expression, Great Rossini singers, suchas Giuditta Pasta, Maria Malibran, and Filip­po Galli, were regularly praised for their dra­matic power, not for how many notes theycould sing per second. Indeed, if a coloraturaflourish in a Rossini opera does not wound,caress, lament, or rejoice, it is pointless.The change in styles can be seen by con­trasting a tenor role in Rossini's style to awork from Verdi's middle period, say, Ro­dolfo in Luisa Miller, in which the vocal styleis almost declamatory-every note has a dif­ferent syllable. Singers who began to train todo that kind of declamatory style rapidlyfound that they could no longer negotiatewhat was a Rossini florid tenor line.24 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 Instead, as the century went on, more andmore performers of Rossini were simplifyingthese florid parts. Tenor arias were modifiedor largely omitted; bass arias were cut to rib­bons. There was no one left to sing them. Thepoint is, singers had trained their entire lifeto sing the most recent works. Opera in 19th­century Italy was a bit like our modern cine­ma: there was a hunger for variety and novel­ty. Composers were writing new operas foralmost every season; and, of course, singersbegan to train largely in what was new. By theend of Rossini's life, as a result, there werevery few performances of his repertory.There were occasional Rossini revivals, but world. Of course, every time you make a copyof a musical score, it tends to get less precise-wrong notes are put in, or dynamic mark­ings are left out. Often in these copies, thewords are wrong. And by the time you'redone, you have something that is very farindeed from the original score.Another problem was deciding which origi­nal score Rossini intended. For example, in1820, Rossini assisted in a production of hisOtello in Rome-where it was not permittedto show someone being murdered on stage.Rossini agreed to change the ending, for thisone performance only. Thus, Desdemonabegs her innocence, and Otello turns to herORE AND MOREOPERA PERFORMERS SIMPLIFIEDROSSINI'S FLORID ARIAS. TRAINEDIN A NEW STYLE, THEY COULD NOLONGER NEGOTIATE A ROSSINIFLOURISH.the operas were revived in peculiar ways. Nothaving singers capable of performing them,most of the vocal lines were highly simpli­fied. If Rossini wrote this kind of flourish,more likely than not the singer would havesung a bare-bones version:So opera-goers went to a Rossini opera with20 bars from an aria snipped here and there.In this fashion the revivals often created amonster, with very little resemblance to theopera that Rossini intended.This distortion of Rossini was exacerbatedby the fact that it was difficult to find authen­tic scores on which to base a performance.The process of distortion begins when a copyis made of the composer's autograph score­the opera as it was written in his own hand.From that copy, others are made, copies ofcopies of copies, distributed all over the and says, "Really? You mean it? Oh, how hap­py I am!" And they join hands, walk to thefront of the stage and sing, ''Amor, possentenome"-a duet from an earlier Rossini opera.In other instances, Rossini rewrote piecesbased on the demands of a particular primadonna. For example, Giuditta Pasta, one ofthe great singers of the 1820s, was perform­ing Rossini's Tancredi, and didn't like the op­era's rather burlesque ending-she wanted itto end with a big aria for herself. Rossini de­clined to write such a piece, so she took an­other aria-by Giuseppe Niccolini-to insertin the finale. The surprising thing is that,when asked by Pasta to write variations forNiccolini's aria, Rossini agreed! But it wasnever his intention that this version live onafter Giuditta Pasta's performances.Of course, worse damage to Rossini's op­eras was committed when producers or mu­sical directors decided simply to cut an ariafrom the score, because they had no singerswho could perform it. With that aria Wmoved, the score was then passed on. Thisprocess reached such a point of absurditythat in the first modern revival of Rossini'sThe Turk in Italy in the early 1950s-withnone other than Maria Callas in the title role+Maria Callas didn't sing her major aria. Infact, I spoke to someone recently who asked,"That aria in these new versions of A Turk inItaly-it's not by Rossini, is it? Because itwasn't in the Callas recording." I assured himthat she wasn't even aware of its existence­itnagine that Callas would have left out herprincipal aria, had she known!Thus, by the centennial of his death, few ofRossini's operas were performed, and whenone was performed, it usually contained gro­tesque distortions of the composer's originalintention. As a graduate student at Princetonin the 1960s, I remember going throughSOtne of Rossini's long-forgotten scores in theBibliotheque Nationale in Paris while re­searching my dissertation and thinking, "MyGod, this is gorgeous stuff! What a shameI'll never get to hear it."ut, happily, I was wrong. Overthe last three decades the situa­tion has changed for a very spe­cial- combination of reasons,involving both scholars andmusicians-and, in particular,Marilyn Horne. Horne discovered that shereally had a talent for florid singing, and shebegan to look into the Rossini repertory, es­PeCially at some of the great arias he had writ­ten for mezzo-soprano, and decided theywere wonderful, and that she would like toperform them. Later, she recruited some tal­ented young singers-people like SamuelRatney, Rickwell Blake, and Chris Merritt,Who are in the full bloom of their careers now--to work with her on some of these RossiniProjects.To assist these singers' ambitions has beenthe work of several scholars, funded by theROSsini Foundation in Pesaro, who are pre­P.aring accurate, complete editions of Ros­SIni's works. The resulting texts (some 20 op­�ras are already available) have transformednOWledge of Rossini's music and perform­ances around the world. The Italians havegone so far as to proclaim a Rossini "renais­sance"; operas totally unknown 15 years agoI Tancredi, l.occasione fa illadro, La donna delagO-have been performed extensively.�aving served for 15 years as the generaledItor of these works-a project that has in­volved many University of Chicago studentsa�d alumni-I can describe the pleasure and� allenge of sorting out the puzzles thatese operas liberally provide. We must an­SWer, "What happened when? Why did the�.Otnposer do this? Which scores are authen­��' :vhich are not?" What we have arrived atu rIng the course of answering such ques­Ions are editions that will offer the complete works of Rossini, available to singers and mu­sicians who want to perform them. Theseeditions include not only the original ver­sion of the work and all authentic revisions,but also a history of the opera that helps themusicians involved develop a sense of whatit means, and has meant, to perform a Rossiniopera.One important contribution of these criti­cal editions is clearing up the misunder­standings that have developed over the past100 years about Rossini's stylistic approach­es to performance. For example, Rossiniwould often present a melody and then showit on paper as repeated without change. Butsingers in the early 19th century knew thatwhen Rossini repeated an entire melody, itwas an opportunity for the singer to intro­duce his or her own vocal variations in animprovisational style somewhat similar totoday's jazz musicians.After Rossini's retirement, that techniquehad fallen by the wayside. Verdi, for example,never asked singers to vary their music, tomake changes as they went along. The resultwas that singers in Verdi's time did not un­derstand how to treat Rossini's music. If theysaw a repetition, they said, "How dull. Wedon't want to sing the same thing twice." Andthey would cut it.Let me give you a simple example from LaCenerentola. There is a lovely "Coda" passagethat is played, and then, in typical Rossinifashion, it is repeated. But, of course, Rossiniwould never have expected a singer to sing itthe same way as written, both times. We haveproof of this in the University's rare manu­script collection, where you will find a Ros­sini manuscript with the vocal variationsprepared for a specific singer.This is not to suggest that a singer has toperform those particular variations. Thepoint is that you learn something about Ros­sini's style from that example and on thebasis of that knowledge, you work out yourown style, your own variations. Of course,sometimes it's hard to resist a direct imita­tion, those variations are so beautiful. Wehave variations from the Willow Song, sungby Desdemona in the third act of Otello, assung by one of the great singers of the 19thcentury, Maria Malibran. Singers like LellaCuberli, Chicago Lyric Opera's Desdemona,who have seen Malibran's variations in ourcritical edition of Otello, have simply foundthem too beautiful to resist, and one canhardly blame them.While the critical editions can help restoresome of the beauty of a Rossini opera per­formance, they also can clear up the discre­pancies and peculiarities that greatly weakenthe operas-or distort their meanings alto­gether. One example that stands out is Wil­liam Tell, for which our project printed a criti- cal edition-edited by M. Elizabeth C. Bartlet,AM'72, PhD'82, a professor of music at DukeUniversity-to celebrate the Rossini bicen­tennial. Although this opera is frequentlyperformed in Italian, Rossini, in fact, wrote itin French. And the peculiar thing is that theItalian translation was worked out in 1830 insuch a way as to purge all references to any­thing that was considered to be politicallyvolatile-which at that time was almosteverything.Thus, in this opera about liberty, every in­stance in which the word "liberte" appearedwas transformed for the Italian translation.And this was the way the opera was per­formed in Italy, up to about three years ago,and in many other places which used theItalian translation, rather than the Frenchversion. For example, at the very beginning ofthe opera, William Tell observes a fishermanwho sings about how wonderful life is. Tellwonders, "How can he sing that way whenSwitzerland is no longer ours?" And he con­cludes his line with this: "Ei canta, e l'Elvezia,ahi! quanto piangera." ("He sings, and mean­while Switzerland is weeping.") That is notwhat Rossini wrote. The original French lyricis "11 chante et l'Helvetie pleure sa liberte."("He sings while Switzerland weeps for itslost liberty")The opera ends in French with the extraor­dinary lines: "Liberte, redescends desCieux," which translates as: "Liberty, de­scend from the Heavens." In Italian, that linebecomes, "Quel contento che in me sentoNon puo l'anima spiegar." ("I can't tell youhow happy I am.")Although the new editions and other schol­arship have cleared up some of these difficultambiguities, I would not want to suggest thatperforming William Tell, or any of Rossini'sother later works, is now an easy task. Tell is,after all, four and one-half hours in length­of the same magnitude as Wagner's Getter­dammerung-and its scenic demands arestaggering. Indeed, while Tell proves that Ros­sini was one of the greatest craftsmen of the19th century, its complexities also suggestone reason Rossini may have stopped writingoperas after its composition-there were fewopera houses left in Europe that could han­dle the scale of his ambition. Always a practi­cal man of the theater, Rossini lacked the egoof a Wagner, who could wait 25 years to seeone of his operas produced.For those of us who appreciate the genius ofthe "swan of Pesaro," the composer whomStendhal called "the Napoleon of music,"his rebirth on the opera stage has beenwell worth the effort, and the wait. It is ourhope that what the Italians are calling a newrenaissance of Rossini's operas lasts wellpast his bicentennial, for many anniversariesto come.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 25BY JOE LEVINEUNE 19TH, 1990, THE EVE OFthe sixth International Con­ference on AIDS in San Fran­cisco. Dr. Paul Volberding,conference co-chair, is at a par­ty to celebrate his successfulstewardship of the world'slargest gathering of the AIDScommunity.Mingling with the other guests, who in­clude some of the most militant internation­al activists, Volberding awards himself awell-deserved pat on the back. For the pasttwo years, he and his fellow organizers haveweathered intense negotiations with gay ac­tivists demanding participation in settingthe conference agenda. They've fended offcountercharges from the research commu­nity that they are allowing a scientific meet­ing to be hijacked by politics. They've sur­vived an international boycott triggeredby new government restrictions prohibit­ing AIDS-infected aliens to travel in thiscountry.Now, though, it's all history. They've guidedtheir ship to a safe shore. The conferencestarts tomorrow.In the middle of hors d'oeuvres, Volber­ding's beeper goes off. It's Dana Van Gorder,his community relations point man. Emer­gency. A group of 150 demonstrators arestaging a sit-in in the lobby of the new SanFrancisco Marriott, where most of the visit­ing scientists and doctors are checking in.The demonstrators are setting off smokebombs and performing mock sex acts, andthey won't leave until the conference issues1,200 free admission passes to people withAIDS.Volberding can't believe it. He and Van Gor­der have been working carefully with theactivists on just this issue for months­they've already granted 350 passes, far morethan any of the previous conferences. Butthis group doesn't seem to be part of an estab­lished activist .organization: they appear t()be mostly teenagers. In fact, no one seems toknow exactly who they are. Volberding ex­cuses himself and leaves the celebration ata sprint.At the hotel, the scene is threatening to getugly. The police have arrived, with the net­work camera crews hot on their heels. TopMarriott executives, in town for the new ho­tel's first major convention, are screaming forarrests. Van Gorder is doing his best to stallthem. The last thing the conference needs isnational footage of people with AIDS getting Paul Volberding examinespatient Scott Miller; whocontracted AIDS in 1985.IWPaul Volberdi.ng, AB'71, saw his fir�t AIDS patient in July 1981. Today-as a clinician, reseatC28 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993Fronts hauled away in paddy wagons or smashed onthe heads with riot sticks.Volberding, AB'71, arrives just as the copsare getting ready to move in. At 40, he isyouthfully handsome, with the slightly rum­pled charm of a popular high school teacheror a baby boomer dad on some TY sitcom. Inhis dual roles as director of the Center forAIDS Research at the University of Californiaat San Francisco (UCSF) and founding direc­tor of the AIDS program at San FranciscoGeneral Hospital-the epicenter for the dis­ease in the U.S.- Volberding became a na­tional spokesman for the epidemic in theearly '80s. With his good looks and open, re­assuring manner, he has also become some­thing of a media superstar, appearing on"Nightline," "Donahue," and "Merv Griffin."In 1987, the editors of GQ magazine gavehim their Glenlivet Award for Singular Style.Even now, approaching the sit-in leaders inthe midst of the tense standoff, he looks likesomeone shaking hands at a wedding.Volberding offers a compromise: if thedemonstrators will disperse, he, Van Gorder,and conference attorney Steve Hurst willnegotiate with three of their leaders at theconference office a few blocks away.For the next three-and-a-half hours, thetwo sides trade demands and counterpropo­sals in the sweltering office. (It's 90 degreesoutside; the windows are sealed shut and theair conditioning has been turned off for thenight.) It's after midnight when they break,and still there's no resolution. They recon­vene the next morning at a cappuccino bar inthe Castro district, the city's famous gayneighborhood. Finally, at noon, there's atruce: Volberding gives the demonstrators150 more free passes. In return, they promiseto more or less behave."You know, they really were very young,"Volberding recalled recently. "They were justtrying to be involved in this issue they caredabout and they turned out to be very nicepeople. It just shows the value of talking-wespent most of the time educating them aboutthe conference. How its main purpose is sci­ence, how we'd already been working withthe activists, how it all costs money. In theend, everything worked out fine. I don't thinkthey even used all the passes we gave them."A IDS IS THE MOST POLITICAL DIS­ease in modern history. In the 1 4years since it claimed its first U.S.victims, the epidemic has re-written the federal drug approval process,altered the way clinical trials are conducted,and transformed the once closed and orderlyworld of medical research into a battle-_ilq,IBiiiiW.'liiiiiiiii,'W"jrn'W""U"",'Wtl'.I.,W'I'lfbUitlW1',''W'J'iI IImi!f·I._UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 29ground of competing interests: gay and mi­nority patient activists, corporations, gov­ernment bureaucrats, researchers, and themedia.In the midst of this frequent discord,Volberding appears to move easily betweenall camps. In part, this seems to be a matter oftemperament: he is easygoing and pleasant,smooth without being slick-the kind ofperson most people like on first meeting.However, he also has the stature of a livinglegend.'The program Paul established, of a desig­nated AIDS ward and AIDS clinic, was thefirst of its type in the country and has becomea model for the rest of the world as the opti­mum way to care for AIDS patients," says An­thony Fauci, director of the National Insti­tute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, abranch of the National Institutes of Health.Beyond question, Volberding is solidly an­chored in the medical establishment. He haschaired or served on most of the major na­tional and international AIDS policy-makingcommittees and, as head of AIDS research atUCSF, focuses much of his effort on lobbyinghuge drug companies like BurroughsWellcome and Bristol-Myers Squibb to testtheir new drugs at his centerAt the same time, as even the most hard­core activists acknowledge, Volberding re­sponded to the disease when few othersdared or cared. He developed the first centerwhere patients helped shape their treatment;he argued strenuously against U.S. travel re­strictions against HIV-infected aliens; and,because of his advocacy, activists now have areal voice in the AIDS Clinical Trial Group ofthe National Institutes of Health."Paul is a point man between the scientificcommunity and the patient community,"says Martin Delaney, founder of San Francis­co's Project Inform, who has frequentlyclashed with Volberding on AIDS policy is­sues. "Doctors come out of medical schoolwith their priesthood intact, and it's been ashock to them to have to integrate patientsinto their decision-making process. Paul wasone of the first to go through that, and he'sdone it gracefully, if not without somestumbles."On a personal level, there is still somethingof the '60s college kid about Volberding, agently counter-cultural air that opens doorsfor him with all kinds of people. He keeps aGrateful Dead concert poster on his officewall and a sticker on his car window. He pub­licly supported "Brownie Mary," a 70-year­old ex-waitress who became a cause celebrewhen she was arrested for selling pot brown­ies to AIDS patients suffering from nauseaJoe Levine is a writer who lives in New YorkCity.30 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993after chemotherapy. His style is informal­homosexual staff at his clinic call him their"honorary gay person" and joke easily in hispresence."For a straight doctor, Paul stands wayabove the crowd of people working on thisepidemic," says Dana Van Gorder, who, inaddition to his role in the AIDS conference,has served as a legislative assistant to twomembers of San Francisco's Board of Super­visors and worked with Volberding on for­mulating the city's early response to the AIDScrisis. "There are so many who view thisstrictly as a medical issue, who have no un­derstanding of its social implications, nosympathy for what people are going through.As a gay male, I've always had the sense withPaul that he understood and cared. I thinkthat's partly because he really accepts howdifferent people live their lives. He's a genu­inely cool guy."It may be his low-key style which, morethan anything else, has made Volberdingsuch a forceful advocate in his field. "Whathas come from building coalitions, and that'sPaul's great. strength," says Cliff Morrison,president of the Association of Nurses inAIDS Care, who worked with Volberding todesign San Francisco General's AIDS inpa­tient unit. "There was an enormous amountof politics surrounding what we were doing,and Paul went to bat for us. There were plentyof administration people who didn't wantanything to do with this disease, but Paulwas respected and visible, and the bottomline was that it happened because he wantedit to."V OLBERDING'S "COOLNESS" WAStested his very first d. ay on the jobin July 1981 as San FranciscoGeneral's chief of oncology. Themoment is memorably described in And theBand Played On, the classic work on the AIDSepidemic by San Francisco Chronicle reporterRandy Shilts:"He was young for such a position-thirty­one years old. He was nervous and excitedand not sure what to think when the veterancancer specialist slapped him on the back... and pointed toward an examining room."There's the next great disease waiting foryou,' he said. 'A patient with KS.' [Kaposi'ssarcoma is a cancer of the skin and/ or lymphnodes, which, until AIDS, was found almostexclusively in benign form in elderly men ofMediterranean background.] .... Volberdinghad never seen anything like this in such ayoung patient. Emaciated and covered by le­sions, the young man looked like a patient who was, perhaps, in the advanced stages of astomach cancer ... he was frightened and iso­lated, dependent and needy. The Sight ofhiItlleft a memory with Volberding that stuckwith him for years."Volberding didn't know what to do; noneof the KS experts in the country knew what todo. In the months that followed, Volberdingsimply became a helpless witness to theyoung man's excruciating and lonely death,the first of the hundreds to follow at SanFrancisco General Hospital. It truly was to be'the next great disease.'"Because almost everyone else was either ig�noring "the gay disease" or ducking it out offear, Volberding became a de facto expert.Recognizing that conventional chemother'"py was killing people whose immune sys­tems had already been depleted, he was thefirst to use an alternating mix of less toxiCdrugs that has since become the standardregimen for AIDS-related KS. Later, he fanthe first trials in KS patients of alpha inter�feron, which boosts the immune system andalso directly attacks the AIDS virus.At the San Francis­co General clinic,Volberding con­sults with hospitalassistant DeborahHerbstreit (left)and Judy La Baca,RN.After a very short time, he opened a sepa­rate KS clinic on the UCSF campus-the firstsuch facility in the country. The "staff' con­sisted ofVolberding, a nurse, and a secretary.But the epidemic was growing, and patientswere coming in with an increasingly wideand horrific range of problems. Toxoplasmo­sis, a protozoic infection that can destroy thebrain and central nervous system; cryptoco­cosis, a fungal infection; pneumocystis cari­nii pneumonia (PCP), also caused by proto­zoa; and later on, Septra rash, an allergicreaction to the drug given to fight PCPVolberding petitioned the city for money,hired more staff, and began arranging con­sulting relationships with infectious diseasesspecialists and social workers. The nursesbecame expert AIDS care providers, creatingthe role of what is now called "the mid-levelpractitioner"; today they, like Volberding,give lectures and conduct medical rounds.The result was that Volberding made aname for himself in the gay community as aYoung, energetic, sympathetic 'doctor whoknew the latest treatments for the mysterious illness. He built on that reputation by meet­ing regularly with gay organizations to up­date them on the disease. By the mid-1980s,doctors and nurses from all over the country-and then all over the world-began callingand visiting to learn how to handle the on­slaught of patients at their own institutions."We didn't start out with any grand design,"Volberding says now. "We were just trying toserve a group of really suffering people withlots of problems, and it made sense to try tobring the system together for them."One of the biggest obstacles in the earlydays was the hysteria surrounding the dis­ease. No one yet knew what AIDS was or howit was transmitted. When Volberding wenton a radio show to alleviate fears about casualtransmission, technicians refused to put mi­crophones on two AIDS patients speakingwith him. At the clinic, janitors wore spacesuit-like protective garb. And Volberding hadhis own fears to deal with. For months, hehad recurring nightmares: in them, he waswasting away from the disease, he had infect­ed his wife and children. With the deans at UCSF, where the KS clin­ic was quartered for the first year, conveying agrowing sense of unease at their institutionbeing publicly linked with the terrifying,stigmatizing disease, Volberding took a radi­cal step. In January 1983 he moved opera­tions from the modem university campusdown to his oncology clinic in one of the an­tiquated brown brick buildings of San Fran­cisco General Hospital. Despite its connec­tions to the university, San Francisco Generalis a public facility adjoining San Francisco'sMission District, and alcoholics and drug ad­dicts wandered its halls.In August of that same year, Volberding'sprogram opened Ward 5B, the first inpatientunit in the country devoted exclusively toAIDS patients. The unit had many unortho­dox features. Most of the staff were gay. Pa­tients' lovers were allowed to stay with them.And when patients asked to die-to be takenoff respirators or simply not resuscitated­their wishes were respected."Sometimes I knew that a lot of what wewere doing probably didn't seem logical toPaul, but he was always very good about let­ting us push our ideas forward," Cliff Morri­son recalls. "He had enough experience withAIDS at that point to know that it was apatient-driven disease, and he was in favor ofletting the patients have their say.'The attitude of health care people in thiscountry towards patients is basically, 'Weknow what's best for you, so don't argue withus,'" Morrison says. But AIDS brought a pa­tient population who challenged that view,patients who "usually knew as much as wedid, if not more. I can't tell you how manytimes a patient would arrive with a briefcaseor a big sack of articles from medical journalsand say, 'I've just been reading up on this andthere's this new drug .... '"In a sense, we learned by relinquishingsome of our control. Paul was one of the firstdoctors I knew who saw the·value of that. Heunderstood that we'd wind up with more co­operation and treatment compliance, a high­er level of satisfaction, and that the overallquality of care would improve," Morrisonsays. "In the end, I think the whole experi­ence loosened him up, made him better ableto listen to patients. And I think he enjoyedthose changes."V OLBERDING'S STATURE WITH GAYSin those early days enabled him topursue a far less popular aim: theclosing of San Francisco's gaybaths. To any San Francisco doctor taking themost basic patient histories at that time, onecommon epidemiological factor practicallyscreamed out: nearly all of the young menwith the disease had at some point been pa­trons of the city's swinging bathhouses, basi­cally sex houses where one man might haveseveral partners in a Single night. While noone had yet proven that AIDS was a virus, oreven infectious, doctors who treated AIDSpatients were already taking it as a given. Tolet the baths continue to operate, then, was toallow hundreds of men to risk death everynight, as well as to let the disease spreadexponentially.Still, none of the city's politicians, includ­ing public health director Mervyn Silver­man, were willing to shut the baths down.They feared a backlash from gays, many ofwhom viewed any attempt to close the bathsas an attack on their sexual freedom, andfrom the bathhouse owners, who were wor­ried about their pocketbooks.That left it to doctors like Volberding,Marcus Conant (a gay dermatologist whoalso treated KS patients early on), and thecity's infectious disease specialist SelmaDritz to argue the issue in open forums withgay leaders and closed-door meetings withSilverman and San Francisco Mayor DianneFeinstein. At one point, Shilts writes,32 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993Volberding even invited the bathhouse own­ers to his clinic, believing that the sight ofpeople with the disease would bring them totheir senses. Instead, he was taken aside byone owner who told him, "We're in it for thesame thing. Money. We make money at oneend when they come to the baths. You makemoney from them on the other end whenthey come here."Finally in 1984, as it became clear that thedisease was sexually transmitted, the citytook action. The bathhouse owners appealedthe decision and won, but by then, most oftheir clientele had been frightened off.IN THE LONG RUN, HIS ROLE IN CLOS­ing the baths probably raised Volber­ding's standing among San Franciscogays, even if it cost him some good willat the time. But in more recent years, as hisfocus has changed, he has come in for someharsh criticism from the activists."There was a time when the gay communityput Paul on a pedestal, to the point where theexpectations of him were unrealistic," CliffMorrison says. "But AIDS has become an in­dustry, with its own bureaucracy and poli­tics. And because Paul is very involved in re­search, dealing with pharmaceuticalcompanies and the government, he's proba­bly perceived now as more of a bureaucratthan before, when he was primarily someonewho cared for patients."Drug research, Morrison continues, is acontroversial issue "because of the feelingsover access to new drugs and how quicklythey should be released." That controversy isthe stuff of Acceptable Risks. Written by for­mer Wall Street.journal investigative reporterJonathan Kwitney, it is the story of MartinDelaney and Jim Corti, two gay activists whosmuggled in unapproved drugs for thou­sands of U.S. AIDS patients in the years be­fore AZT reached the market (Delaney'S Pro­ject Inform was a Bay Area group that madeheadlines by running "community trials" ofCompound Q, a drug extracted from the rootof a Chinese cucumber). Acceptable Risks sug­gests that Volberding acted as a tool of themedical establishment and big corporations,delaying the testing of promising AIDS­fighting drugs while pushing other treat­ments that were dangerous and ineffective.Kwitney faults Volberding's 1985 trials ofsuramin, an anti-retroviral drug since re­jected as an AIDS treatment. The trials,charges Kwitney, were improperly and un­ethically run, with patients purportedly liedto about dose sizes and kept ignorant ofpossible side effects. Kwitney says that Vol­berding's study was cited for these prob- lems by an FDA audit. It's a charge thatVolberding rejects, saying that the FDA's au­dit of his suramin trial was a routine check­"the kind of thing where they make sureyou're using the right color ink and that allyour numbers match up"-and that it foundnothing wrong."Our patient informed-consent proceduresare a model for the rest of the country,"Volberding says. The side effects that oc­curred in the trial could not have been fore­seen, he says, because suramin had no histo­ry of use. "Suramin was the first drug tested asanti-retroviral for use against AIDS. Therewas enormous hope riding on it, and peoplewere willing to assume risks in the context ofthe trial."Enormous hope also rode on CompoundQ. Both Kwitney and Carol Pogash, the au­thor of As Real As It Gets, a book that chroni­cles the development of the AIDS program atSan Francisco General, credit Delaney'S Pro­ject Inform with running more rigorous andinformative trials of Compound Q thanVolberding's group. According to their ac­counts, Project Inform sent San FranciSCOGeneral the results of their study to ensurethat the hospital's patients were given the op­timum dosage of the drug. Project Informalso urged San Francisco General to use a ste­roid, prednisone, to treat patients who hadsevere neurological side effects from thedrug. Kwitney claims Volberding's group didnot heed the advice, and that his failure to doso was a decisive factor in the death of a pa­tient who participated in Q trials at San fran­cisco General.Again, Volberding rejects the charges. Thepatient who died did so some months afterparticipating in the study, he says. Predni­sone has little value in treating side effects ofCompound Q, he continues, adding that, ingeneral, the Project Inform study contrib­uted no valuable information about Q. Infact, he calls the study "a violation of every-thing we believe is important in doing basiCresearch."Although he understands the impetus be­hind the Project Inform effort-"People weredesperate and the drug was being wildlyovertouted by the media"-Volberding heWSto the established procedures: "In the end,it's the kind of procedures that we followe�which [Delaney] called bureaucratic anneedlessly slow, that get the quickest an­swers." Still, he admits that he learned some­thing from the experience: "Our only miS­take was that we didn't convey effectively ��the community at that time why we dlthings the way we did them. We didn't ha�e ;community advisory board then, and I \VISthat we had. But I think the community haslearned since then that clinical research isdifficult, and that it's not slow because somebad person is trying to slow it down. It reallytakes time."What may have hurt Volberding's credibili­ty with gays is notso much Kwitney's accusa­tions of misconduct as a newfound percep­tion of him as conservative about releasingnew drugs. Some observers believe that per­ception recently moved a group of commu­nity activists who sit in on the AIDS ClinicalTrial Group at the National Institutes ofliealth to block Volberding's bid to chair thegroup's executive committee.. Kwitney's book also may have fanned feel­Ings that Volberding is more committed toresearch than saving lives. For many gays,this issue is one on which there is no middlegrOund, even though the science might be inthe service of other lives later on. Theirfriends and lovers are dying now, and noconsiderations are worth delaying the use ofdrugs that could possibly save or help them.Cliff Morrison is one who shares that view­Point but believes that Volberding's compas­sion for people with the disease is sincere."look, I agree with almost everything MartinDelaney did," he says. "First and foremost,I'rn a patient advocate, so I approach the is­SUe of access to drugs with blinders on. But Irealize there's a need for debate."Volberding, he says, "has a legitimate point�f view. So H makes me angry to see him be­Ing attacked. He's done too much for all of us,for the community. His heart is in the rightplace."WHEN VOLBERDING WENT OUTto face those teenage demon­strators at the AIDS meetingtwo-and-a-half years ago, itlb.ust have given him a moment's pause. As a�tUdent at the University of Chicago in theate 1960s and early '70s, he took part in��rne sit-ins himself, protesting the war inletnam and the presence of Dow Chemicaltecruiters on campus.�'You could say that I was a typical person oft at period, with all that that implies," heSays, smiling. "I did all those things I wouldn'tWant my kids to do now."F Still, he never got too caught up in it all.torn freshman year on, he worked as a lab.as .h Slstant to Professor Emeritus Marc Beem,� en a pediatric virologist at the Wyler Chil-ten's Hospital. It was the first step towardsWhat he was sure would be a career as aSCientist.,,;1 really loved being in the lab," he says.here was a lot of crazy stuff going on around me at school, and it gave me a kindof base."Actually, he had known for a long time whathe was going to do. Volberding grew up on adairy farm near Rochester, Minnesota, asmall town that also happens to be home tothe Mayo Clinic."It would be hard to overstate the influencethe Mayo had on me," he says. "Growing up, Ihad a lot of friends who were connected withthe Mayo, and they were the social elite. Therest of us could opt to rebel against thatheirarchy or try to join, and at some point,I decided the latter"Also, my family always used the Mayo as asource of care. A brother of mine had an en­docrine problem, and they cured him, andanother brother had Down's syndrome, andthey gave him a lot of help. So I couldn't helpbut recognize that it was a special place."After Chicago, Volberding went to medicalschool at the University of Minnesota, andfor the most part hated it. "The routinememorizing aspect of training was such acontrast to Chicago, where your thoughtprocesses and your intellectual abilities wereprized."It was a rough time in other ways: he gotmarried and, almost as quickly, divorced. Hetook refuge in the lab again, this time work­ing on retroviruses-viruses whose geneticinformation are encoded in RNA rather thanDNA, and which use the enzyme reversetranscriptase to take over other cells. Re­troviruses were hot. President Nixon had justdeclared the national War on Cancer, andthere was a lot of interest in finding a "humancancer virus"-a transmissable agent thatcould actually set malignancy in motion.Nothing much was turned up at the time andretroviruses fell out of vogue for a while­but they would become hot again with thediscovery of a human leukemia retrovirus.And, of course, hotter still when AIDS brokeout.The next stop for Volberding was a medicalinternship and residency at the University ofUtah Medical Center in Salt Lake City, andthere he made the surprising discovery thathe liked taking care of patients. Especiallycancer patients."It felt good and important, and I liked theirhonesty," he says-so much so that when hemoved on to a research fellowship at UCSF,he missed being a doctor "It was a hard reali­zation for me, because I was on a track-I'dalways known what I wanted to do. But then aclinical job opened up at San Francisco Gen­eral, taking care of cancer patients, and I tookit. They hadn't had an oncology divisionthere, so it was a chance to be my own boss." When that first young KS patient walkedinto Volberding's clinic his first day, every­thing clicked into place. The pieces of hispast suddenly sorted themselves into theproper relation to each other, and he becamethe person he was going to be. "It was anamazing convergence of me changing myfocus and happening on an epidemic with anetiology that I'd been studying for years. Itwouldn't have been possible for someone tohave had better training for work in thisfield."The learning curve in those early days wasconstantly high. Every new patient was aneducation. Volberding was young, involved,and on his way to becoming an internationalstar But after a few years, he was managingmore than doctoring, and then traveling toconferences and giving lectures at other hos­pitals. At one point, his own staff confrontedhim-they felt like children abandoned bytheir parents-and now he makes it a point tobe in attendance at the clinic at least once aweek when he's in town. Still, he looks backon those day now with an unmistakablewistfulness."I can be on the road these days up to 25 to30 percent of the time," he says. "United Air­lines knows me by name. The real trap is that,as I've gotten more well-known and involvedin more committees, it gets harder and hard­er to be a primary physician. When we firststarted, I used to know everyone's name, butnot anymore. This disease doesn't wait foryou to get back from Washington and Eu­rope, and the patients very appropriately feelyou're not there for them."To some extent, his own priorities havechanged, too. He is married again-to MollyCooke, another physician in the AIDS pro­gram-and they have three kids: Alex, 11,Ben, 8, and Emily, 5. "As much as I love mywork, at this point my family comes first," hesays. "So I leave work at five o'clock and I pickup my kids from school. Maybe after they'rein bed, Molly and I will work at home. We'vegot five computers."THE DISEASE ITSELF IS CHANGING,too. In San Francisco, the epidem­ic has apparently reached a pla­teau, although there are still 200new cases diagnosed each month and asmany new infections each day-three and ahalf-as there are deaths. But the stability isdeceptive. The disease population is in flux,with new infections on the decline in homo­sexual men and on the rise in drug users andwomen.The patients at the clinic one day last fallmore or less reflected those demographics.There was John, a gay furniture salesman andVietnam veteran in his forties. He had comein with a mysterious cough that had beenUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 33troubling him . for weeks. There were noclear-cut signs of pneumocystis pneumonia,but Volberding had ordered a blood-gas testto check for a low oxygen level, which wouldindicate trouble in the lungs. Meanwhile,they were going to put John on a bronchodi­lator to see if they could get him breathingmore easily.John was clearly an old-timer at the clinic;in fact, he was here today because his prima­ry nurse,j.B. Mologhan, had called him to seehow he was doing and then suggested hecome in. Though he was shivering and weak,he kept up a steady stream of chatter with thenurses, alternating advice about where tolook for his medical records with anxious in­quiries about his fate. He had already beenthrough some serious hospitalizations andwas hoping to travel again before somethingelse hit. "You know, I've been all over Asia,but I've never seen this country," he was say­ing as they readied the bronchodilator tube.There was a sense, in the comfortable wayhe carped at the staff while they let him fuss,that this scene had played itself out manytimes before, here and at other clinics aroundthe country. They knew him; he was a famil­iar type. Out in the hallway, however, therewere some less familiar scenes taking place.A young, neatly dressed mother and herdaughter sat in the waiting room, under­neath one of the aerosolized air purifiers de­signed to neutralize tuberculosis germs,working on a jigsaw puzzle together A littlelater, a nurse was showing the girl how to puta blood-pressure sleeve on her mother'sarm.Later that morning there was a commotionat the elevator A muscular young man in aloud Hawaiian shirt was screaming at one ofthe nurses."Look, motherf---er, I've taken my f---ingmeds this morning! I wanna see a doctor,now!". At the other end of the hall, Dr MollyCooke, Volberding's wife, sighed and shookher head. "I think that's one of mine," shesaid. "I'm rapidly losing interest in meetinghim."Attempts to calm the man were unsuccess­ful, and a few minutes later, two securityguards arrived to escort him off the grounds.One of them, an older man, caught Volber­ding's eye and waved."Hey, superstar," he called out. They smiledwearily at each otherAfter the angry patient was gone, there wasa subdued air at the clinic."There's no question that we're getting adifferent kind of patient now," Volberdingsaid. "We're seeing more drug users, al-34 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZlNE/FEBRUARY 1993When AIDSresearchers andactivists joinedforces at the sixth,International,Conference onAIDS, . Volberding(jar right) helpedcarry the banner.though they're usually gay or bisexual, con- . up and say, 'Wh�t have I got to lose,' but moretrary to the stereotype that drug addicts with see.it as a chance to clean up and fly right for. this disease are usually heterosexual people the first time."of color that stereotype may be, more rea-:-' More women are coming to the clinic,' toO,sonable on the East Coast, but not here." The .he said. It's a problem that California is justdrugusers present newproblemsforthe clin- beginning' to grapple with-mothers dyingic, he said. Much less compliant in taking andleavingtheir children behind.their medications, they often try to manipu- "That's an area where prevention could d�late the staff for other drugs; Sometimes they' a lot. The disease is spread mainly through Idare violent, sometim�s they steal.' drug use. Mostof r.he drug users are men, an't"None of that stuff happened in the 'early the women who are their partners dondays. It makes it hard for the'stafE: Especially' know that. The men don't use condoms." Befor the gay nurses=they're dedicated,. corn- .gestured at the mother and daughter in thepassionate people and they still do their.jobs hallway. "I'd guess that's her situation. It's t�r'well, but there isn't that same sense of identi- ribly sad. If I've been politicized by this d.l�fication with theirpatients. Sowe'vegone out ease in any way, it has to do with that-Witand hired some people who have back- , ' the failure to achieve prevention in the innergrounds working with drug users. It's impor-' cities. We're going to be paying the price foriltant that we see these patients as real people, long timeto come."behind their addictions. We tend to think of ' '. .themassuicidalbecausetheyknowinglyrisk 'I F THE. PRICE WILL BE HIGH IN ttl)?:shared needles, but they're afraid of dying ,. cities of the U.S., it is already enor�like anyone else. They use drugs in spiteof .: .mous in the Third World. some 8the risk, not because of it. A1}d it'ssurprising . percent of all new infections occur illhow many of them stop usirig drugs when . developing countries. Often the go�e�;they find out they have the disease. Some give . ments of those nations deny the magmtUof the problem, or deny that there is an AIDSProblem at all. Meanwhile, large numbers of��e population are infected and engaging inIgh-risk behavior. For these countries, pre­Vention, then, is the greatest hope and mostdesperate need.The solution many dream of is an AIDSVa .f cc�ne, but there are huge obstacles. The.1rst IS safety. A vaccine is designed to preventIllness in healthy people. With a disease like�he flu, subjects receive a killed or weakenedorm of a virus, teaching their immune sys-t�ms to recognize the real thing. If an occa­s�onal person gets the disease from the vac­CIne, it's no big deal. But with AIDS, that's anunacceptable risk. Scientists are trying to get�round that problem by making a vaccinetOm a non-infectious piece of the virus' out-et protein coat, hoping that will be enough tosen' .SUlze the immune system.d A.n�ther, and perhaps larger, obstacle has too wuh testing. For a study to be able to say�onclusively whether a vaccine works, atteast some of the test subjects must continuet� engage in high-risk behaviors that exposeem to infection following vaccination. Ob- viously such a condition can't ethically belegislated-and, in fact, any study will almostcertainly have to provide counseling to par­ticipants about the need for safer sex and thedangers of needle sharing, as well as the risksof the vaccine itself-but in a population thatincludes drug users and prostitutes, it is like­ly to occur of its own accord. And it is evenlikelier to occur in developing countrieswhere "safer sex" campaigns have oftenmade little headway."The situation you have," Volberding ex­plains, "is that scientists seeking to test avaccine are hoping to recruit from these pop­ulations, while the target groups themselveshave a tremendous amount of ambivalenceabout participating."Recently, Volberding watched this ambiva­lence play itself out at a meeting he was co ...chairing in Washington on vaccine develop­ment and testing. The gathering was a"Who's Who" of the AIDS community: thetop names from government agencies andacademic research, as well as activist and pa­tient advocacy groups. Predictably, he re­ported afterwards, it was an often stormy ses- sion. Some activists questioned the "suddeninterest" of the research community in pre­ventive vaccines, suspicious that vaccine de­velopment is suddenly hot among research­ers because it represents a lucrativeopportunity-to get government grant money-funds that some fear'will be siphoned fromefforts to develop treatments. Black activistsat the meeting, equally mistrustful, cited theinfamous Tuskegee study, in which the' U.S.Public Health Service, in order to observe thenatural.course of untreated syphilis, prevent-. ed 200 black men with the disease from re­ceiving therapy (including penicillin) over a40-year period ending in 1972.Representatives from developing countrieswere also. angry. They warned American sci­entists at the meeting against viewing theThird World as an experimental laboratory,and demanded assurances that clinical trialsof a vaccine would also be done in the U.S.But their most sobering comments simplyhad to do with the state of affairs in theircountries. One Haitian doctor gave an espe­cially gloomy report about how the diseasecontinues to spread there, and questionedthe ability of his government or any outsidegroup to provide the safer-sex counselingand other prevention education that shouldaccompany the deployment of a vaccine."He said they have 30 social workers in acountry of seven million people, "Volberdingsaid, shaking his head. 'Then he estimated ,that Haiti would need 400 miilion condomsa year if it were going to reach everyone who'ssexually active, and he wanted to know whowas going to pay for it. And nobody had ananswer for him." 'There were other; lesser outbursts: activiststook researchers to task for stigmatizing pros­titutes as "high-risk groups." Scientists scold­ed gays for continuing to have risky sex."On one level it was a very depressing meet­ing," Volberding said. "For the people whoneed it most, the developing countries, a vac­cine doesn't seem' remotely possible foryears. Any vaccine that's developed in thenear futureisn't likely to be 100 percent ef­fective-maybe not even close-and in a pop­ulation where the disease is widespread andpeople are constantly being re-exposed, that,may be the same as not being effective at all.And even if we did have a good vaccine, thecost of making it and deploying it mightbeprohibitive.", Still, he said, no one is giving up and goinghome. And on another level, the meeting hadbeen very uplifting, "a great and typical mixof the whole AIDS community." He didn'telaborate, but as he continued to describe thelittle gatherings of activists and scientistsgesturing and arguing during the meeting'sbreaks, his meaning seemed clear. Everyonewas there. And at least they were talking.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 35nvestigationsFlying MachinesA U of C researcher looks tothe mechanics of movementand the physiology. of flight,seeking to understand howbehavior affects evolution.IN MICHAEL DICKINSON'S LAB, MAGGOTShatch on clumps of ground lamb, largehouseflies swarm in buckets, and tinyfruit flies hover for hours unknowingly gluedto tungsten rods. Dickinson, an assistantprofessor in organismal biology and anato­my, studies the physiology and the aerody­namics of the flies he raises to answer thebroad question of how behavior affects theevolution of an organism."One thing that has always perplexed me,"Dickinson says, "is that there are an enor­mous number of ways to make flies fly differ­ently. You can make modifications in themuscles, the nervous system, the mechanicsof the fly." It all comes down to what he calls"a very interesting question: Where doesselection act?""Different size flies fly differently," Dickin­son says, "and yet their nervous systems arevery similar. What's changed? Are any of thechanges things that happen automatically-just with becoming small or large? Orare they things selection had to act on active­ly?" He pauses. 'These are really toughquestions.'Trying to understand something as com­plex as behavior requires looking at an enor­mous number of things-and there's no realway of getting a good picture of what's goingon unless you study all of it."Keeping the broad question of evolution al­ways in mind, Dickinson is concentrating onthe nuts-and-bolts task of studying "all of it."That task is now a little bit easier for Dickin­son, who joined the U of C faculty in 1991. Inaddition to a five-year, $500,000 grant fromthe National Science Foundation, he recent­ly received a $500,000 fellowship from theDavid and Lucile Packard Foundation. The36 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993Dickinson: How flies flyfellowship, which provides $100,000 a yearfor five years, will help him build and sup­port the sophisticated machinery he needs tostudy his subjects and hire researchers forhis lab.He has already built much of the equip­ment he ill be using, organizing the lab intothree separate areas that look at a particularcomponent of flight: visual stimuli, musclephysiology, and neural circuitry.Giving a tour of his lab, Dickinson stopsfirst at what he calls the "visual arena."Though not yet complete, the assemblage sofar consists of a computer, a control panel,and a cylinder the size of a soda pop can.Lining the cylinder are 720 tiny greensquares oflight-officially known as LEDs, orLight Emitting Diodes. Dickinson canchange the color of these pegs, making darkgreen vertical bands appear on the lightgreen background. To a fly, hovering in thecylinder, a dark green band looks like anobject up ahead. Dickinson can control thisvisual panorama by choosing the number ofdark green vertical bands that appear, andmoving those bands left or right as hewishes.The other sections of the visual arena willinclude a laser and position sensing diode tomeasure the torques-or turning forces-theinsect makes while flying, and a laser andmirror arrangement that will be used to chartthe position of the fly's wings as it turns.To keep the fly from soaring out of the cyl- inder during experiments, Dickinson gluesthe tiny creature to a tungsten rod. Dickin­son, who peruses dental catalogs to keepabreast of new glue technologies, explains:"Small flies can't really travel forward veryquickly. It's almost as if they're always hover­ing. So if you glue these flies to a stick, in asense, they don't know it.""They can fly for hours like that," he adds."And you can feed them a little sugar andthey'll beef up again and fly for a few morehours."One of the most telling experiments that hewill be able to conduct in the visual arenawhen it is complete, Dickinson says, is whathe calls a "closed loop experiment"-one inwhich the fly "controls what it sees."For example, he will soon be able to hookup the circuitry of the machine so that thecylinder'S visual panorama will move in pro­portion to the force that the fly generates. Ifthe fly turns left, the panorama will turn withit. If the fly turns to the right, the panorarnawill slip that way. 'The fly will actually driveitself through space."With a flip of a switch, however, DickinsOncan reverse the fly's visual feedback. "So nOw,when the fly turns to the left, the visual pano­rama rotates the opposite way," Eventuallythe fly can learn to stabilize the visual feed­back by turning in the opposing direction. BYstudying a fly's reaction to this kind of stirnU-Ius, Dickinson says, "we can tease out the waYthe nervous system works."A second apparatus in the lab investigat�Sthe physiology of what Dickinson calls hI:'"favorite fly muscle" -the first basilar, or -si-which he believes is crucial to a fly'Ssteering ability. In this machine, Dickinsonor a graduate student assistant glues a fly to atiny plastic platform, buttressing the inse�tfor support and leaving one portion expose dAfter dissecting that portion to reveal an enof the muscle, the researchers can oscillatethe fly, stimulate the muscle and-with lasersand mirrors-measure the force it generates.Flies use two sets of muscles while air­borne, Dickinson explains. One set actS asthe engine, and provides the flying powe�Meanwhile, the steering and sophistica�eflight control take place in a cluster of nnYmuscles directed very precisely by the ner­vous system. Dickinson believes the B1 rnus-cle-part of the flight control systern�governs a specific flight behavior called t"ventral flip." In a ventral flip, the fly's wingrapidly rotates at the end of the downstroke,before it rises on the upstroke. "I'm con­vinced that the ventral flip is crucial to howthe fly generates turning forces."The lab's third setup investigates the essen­tial circuitry of these steering muscles. Onceagain, a fly is glued to a small platform, withelectrodes placed on its nervous system cellsand wings. From earlier research, Dickinsonhas discovered that the movement of the fly'sWings is essential to the firing of the B1 mus­cle, which appears to be controlled by the in­formation that's coming in with every singleWing beat.With this setup, Dickinson is trying toquantify the connections between the wingtnovements and the fly's ability to steer-thatis, he wants to discover how the movement ofthe wing "is being translated into an activa­tion of this motor neuron and ultimately thetnuscle itself." He equates the system with atnore familiar reflex. "You know," he says,"when your knee cap is tapped, you get a sen­sory cell going to a motor neuron that drivesthe muscle," making your leg jerk. "It's theeXact same system in the fly," he says, "buttitning is of the essence. The reflex makes thetnuscle fire at a very precise time. And to fig­Ure out how the muscle is being controlled,We need to study these reflexes in greatdetail."The mechanics of fly flight-and the neuralCircuitry underlying flight behavior-is aSubject that Dickinson estimates will keephitn busy for the next ten years or so. Afterthat, he says, he's not sure what he'll do, butpredicts he'll continue investigating how be­haVior affects evolution, and will probablydo so with invertebrate subjects. Dickinsonexplains his passion for flies in particular,and invertebrates in general, by relating thetnOtto of a colleague at the University of Cali­�ornia at Berkeley: "Tf all else fails,'" the say­lng goes, "work on something that makesYou giggle.'"IBSTRACTS\. ... ORNING PREDATOR: FOSSILIZED REMAINStVl of the most primitive dinosaur everoUnd_a 225-million-year-old carnivorebwere discovered in Argentina recentlyY a team of University and Argentinianresearchers.The dinosaur-dubbed Eoraptor, or "dawn�tealer"-lacks nearly all specialized featuresoUnd in later dinosaurs. "We're just a coupleof Steps away from the ancestor of all dino­�aurs,,, explains Paul Sereno, assistant pro­b�ssor in the department of organismal�Ology and anatomy, who announcedt e discovery at a National Geographic Soci- ety press con­ference inJanuary.Sereno sayshe namedthe new genus"dawn stealer"because it ap­peared at thebeginning ofthe dinosaur Eoraptor skull.age and be-cause, although clearly a meat-eater, it wasnot large enough to hunt the herbivorousreptiles common at the time. Measuringonly about 40 inches from its nose to the tipof its tail, and weighing about 25 pounds asan adult, Sereno explains, "it would havebeen a crafty hunter, probably eating smallanimals and snatching the young of largerspecies."Though the Eoraptor is the most primitivedinosaur known, this skeleton is not the old­est fossil. That title goes to a Herrerasaurusfossil that Sereno found in 1988, less than amile from the Eoraptor site.MAKING THE GRADE: IN 1988, THE ILLINOISlegislature adopted the ChicagoSchool Reform Act-legislation that outlinedsweeping changes for the city's schools. Fouryears later a study of Chicago elementaryand high school principals shows that prin­cipals generally believe their schools haveimproved.Prepared by the Consortium on Chicago School Research-Anthony Bryk, professorin education, is chair of the consortium'ssteering committee-the study was based ona survey of 457 principals. According to thestudy, nearly 75 percent of the principalsthink their schools have improved, whilemore than 80 percent of the respondents saidthe faculty committees, established by the re­form legislation, had improved cooperationin their schools. Nearly 60 percent of theprincipals praised the local school councils,also established by the legislation.However, the principals also said they nowmust spend too much time on administrativeduties. They were concerned that theirteachers were not competent in math, socialstudies, and science. And 6 out of 10 saidthey would like to fire as many as 10 percentof their teachers.The study, "Charting Reform: The Princi­pals' Perspective," comes on the heels of thegenerally poor marks the schools received inthe latest round of standardized testing.Those test scores, Bryk says, show that a fastturnabout cannot be expected from reform,but he believes the consortium's study dem­onstrates that reform "is on course."The reform process is going to be a longone, he adds. "In ten years we ought to have asignificant number of schools where mea­surable improvement has occurred," he pre­dicts. "You'll be able to say these schools arefundamentally different than they werewhen reform started."Compiled by Debra LadestroUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 37lumni ChronicleAlumni lend a hondSandwiched between New Year's and tax dayis another high-pressure season now reach­ing its peak-College applicant interviews.Helping the Admissions Office with this taskare more than 1,800 members of the AlumniSchools Committee.In addition to interviewing prospects-atask that runs through March for first-yearstudents and through June for transfers­committee members also represent the Col­lege at high school college nights, visit highschools on the College's behalf, and co­sponsor information sessions for prospec­tive students with the Admissions Office.In an average year, alumni volunteers con­duct about 2,300 interviews with prospec­tive College students, says Robert Ball, X'70,director of the Alumni Schools Committeeand associate director of admissions. "Whatthat ultimately represents," Ball adds, "isabout a third of the applicant pool and abouta quarter of the entering class who have beeninterviewed by alumni."In general, Ball says, alumni interviewsfunction as more than an evaluation. "We at­tempt to get alumni to establish a counselingrelationship with the student and his or herfamily," he says. "We think this is the bestkind of public relations."While most volunteers work through localchapters of the committee, others work inde­pendently. "Recent graduates of the Collegeare particularly effective because of theirproximity to campus," says Ball. Alumni in­terested in volunteering can call Ball at 312/702-8665.On the rood ogoinOn Saturday, March 20, the day after WinterConvocation, the Motet Choir embarks on afive-day performance tour of the West. Thissixth annual spring break tour-with con­certs in Phoenix, San Diego, Los Angeles,Ojai, and San Francisco-marks the secondtime the choir has performed in Californiaand other western states. "We always gowhere there are concentrations of alumni,"explains choir director Bruce Tammen,AM'74. The group has also traveled to theEast Coast and Minnesota.In addition to the choir's specialty-Re-38 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993naissance motets by josquin, Palestrina, andothers-the performances will include selec­tions from Brahms and Rachmaninoff. In all,more than 30 pieces will be performed dur­ing the one-and-a-half-hour long concerts.The choir will fly to Phoenix to begin itstrip, traveling between concerts by bus. "Wetry not to spend more than six hours a day onthe bus," Tammen says, adding that the choirwill make sight-seeing stops along the way. 'There's nothing like spending 15 hours ona bus to cement a friendship," says choirmember and fourth-year College studentLisa Diamond. "It's just sing and drive andsing and drive. They're a whole lot of fun."The choir will stay with alumni families ineach city. 'That's one of the most enjoyableparts of the trip," Tammen says. "Alumni get achance to meet current students and get up'dated on what campus is like."lass News"No news is good news" is one cliche to which we donor subscribe at the Magazine. Please send some ofYour news to the Class News Editor, University ofChicago Magazine, 5757 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago,It 60637. No engagements, please. Items may beedited for space.18 Evermont R. Huckleberry, SB'18, MD'21, of« Salt Lake City, UT, is 98 years old and writes,I still have most of the marbles the good Lord gavel11e, but some of them are developing flat sides."23 Samuel Malcolm Levy, PhB'23, of Cincin­nati, OH, is in Puerto Rico visiting hisdaughter and son-in-law.24 Helen Clifford Gunter, AB'24, who served as. one of the early WAVES in World War II, wasdlrector of audio-visual education at 'San FranciscoState College and later directed teaching films for En-0clopaedia Britannica Films. After she married John. GUnter, they ran John Gunter Curriculum Materi­als, Inc., and produced filmstrips, study prints, flipchans, sound recordings, etc., for .elementarySChools. At 87, she is living in a retirement nursingcare lodge and writing.26 Lester Reinwald, PhB'26, JD'27, has beenpracticing law for 65 years-the last nine of�ern with the Chicago law firm of Altheimer &: Gray." onald]. Sabath, SB'26, MD'31, of Chicago, writes,Believe it or not the golden years do tarnishl"C" .8 atherine Handmacher Winn, PhB'26, writes, 'Tm9 years old and still thanking God for the wonderfuledUcation I received at the U of c." She taught grade��oOl for 27 years in New York City. Virginia Harveybllnter, PhB'26, of St. Augustine, FL, writes, "I amf .essed with good health and many wonderfulatte.nds." Harry G. Ziegler, PhB'26, is enjoying life asVn lnvestment consultant in Jackson, MI, and GreenalleY,AZ.27 Nancy Farley Wood, MAr27, retired in1989 from active participation in the com­Pany she founded in 1949, N. Wood Counter Lab­�tatory, Inc. The company, which makes radiationetectors, is now managed by her daughter.30 Victor Roterus, PhB'30, SM'31, is 85, living� in Green Valley, AZ, and "still playing golf."Shbert S. Shane, SB'30, PhD'33, and Jeanne Lazarus'Iv ane, SB'41, are moving permanently to Floridahere they will be tutor-mentors in local schools,and Robert will continue his consulting practice onconSUmer product problems.31 Willard R. Sprowls, SB'31, SM'35, PhD'38,see 1932, Elizabeth Ford Sprowls.32 Eileen Fitzpatrick Ronan, PhB'32, enjoystn . Writing a 50 + column for the Battle Creekh qUlrer, and getting notes and letters from and aboutS�' 13 grandchildren. Elizabeth Ford Sprowls,c 1 32, and Willard R. Sprowls, SB'31, SM'35, PhD'38,t: ebrated their ninth wedding anniversary on Sep-ruber9,1992.33 Gertrude Rolston Baldwin, PhB'33, writes inis re '. With news that her son, Charles W Baldwin,tet tt�ng after 25 years in the Navy as command mas-chlef of the aircraft carrier Dwight D. Eisenhower. George F Dale, SB'33, of Radford, VA, is "still goingstrong, still busy as ever, still having a ball. Retirementsure beats working!"34 Harold M. Coleman, SB'34, SM'36, PhD'42,of Sarasota, FL, writes that his son Richard isa doctor in Michigan and his son Dennis is a tax attor­ney in New Jersey. Virginia Jeffries Ferguson, PhB'34,has lived in Tucson, AZ, for the past 16 years. BelleKorshak Goldstrich, PhB'34, writes, "I don't knowwhere the years have gone, but on November 11,1 cel­ebrated my 80th birthday. In honor of the recession,I have left a bequest to our University in my will."Robert E. Langford, PhD'34, a hotelier in centralFlorida, owns and operates the Langford Resort Hotelin Winter Park, as well as several other business ven­tures. James W Merricks, Jr., MD'34, recently re­ceived a certificate for 50 years of membership in theAmerican Urological Association. Edith RosenfelsNash, AB'34, notes that her mother, the late HelenZuckerman Rosenfels, attended the University in1898 and taught at the nearby elementary school. Herdiary for January 13 says: "Mr. Dewey peeped in at ustoo." Edith goes on to note that her late husband, Phil­leo Nash, received his anthropology Ph.D. in 1937;their daughter, Maggie Nash Kast, graduated with anA.B. in 1956 and 1958; Maggie's son, Anton Kast, re­ceived his A.B. in 1989; and her daughter, Erica Kast,attends the Laboratory Schools.Joseph H. Schiff, SB'34, MD'37, retired from an oc­cupational medical and industrial surgical practicethat was acquired by Rush- Presbyterian in 1985, andrecently retired from the board of the American BrainTumor Association. He does "odd jobs for the Execu­tive Service Corps." Virginia Miller Taylor, PhB'34,was the director of curriculum &: special programswith the Proviso Township high schools in Maywood,IL, until retiring in 1977 to Scottsdale, AZ. Erle]. Zoll,Jr., AB'34, JD'36, is "alive and well in sunny (?)Florida."35 James F Heyda, SB'35, of Dayton, OH, trans­lates Russian math articles in his spare time;currenuy he is working on a 750-page Russian manu­script on partial differential equations for the Ameri­can Mathematical Society. Margaret WashburnePlagge, AB'35, see 1937, James C. Plagge. Alvin M.Weinberg, SB'35, SM'36, PhD'39, see 1944, Lois law­ranee Russell. Jane Holman Wharton, PhB'35, sendsnews of her daughter, Annabel, who-on sabbaticalfrom Duke University'S art history department- isa senior fellow with the National Gallery of Art'sCenter for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts inWashington, DC.36 G. Helen Campbell, AB'36, AM'38, of Polo,IL, is hoping this will be a better year-lastyear she had a stroke and hand surgery that requiredphysical therapy, and suffered the passing of severalclose relatives. The Rev. Wilbur S. Hogevoll, AM'36,DB'37, retired after ten years as executive director ofthe Washington County, MD, Council of Churches.Helen Littig Hunt, AB'36, of Shelbyville, IL, writesthat her grandson graduated from Washington Uni­versity in St. Louis last spring, but she "still followsnews of their football games with the U of c." LeonardFe. Reichle, AB'36, who lives with his wife, Muriel, inNew York, retired as group vice president for ad­vanced technology &: special projects at Ebasco Ser-UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 39vices. He is now president and CEO of Reichle Devel­opment Corporation, and an advisory trustee of Poly­technic University in Brooklyn, NY.37 Gaston Buron, AB'37, recently moved toHartford, CT, after spending 16 years inSarasota, FL. As well as painting, he enjoys music andbridge. William Horwitz, SB'37, science advisor tothe director of the Food and Drug Administration'sCenter for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, waselected a foreign member of Barcelona's Royal Societyof Pharmacy. Carol Bartelmez Moore, AM'37, retiredfrom Oregon's Children's Services in 1978, volun­teers at two museums in Astoria and for the localRed Cross. She recommends Ast�ria as a "fine andinteresting place to live."Cody Pfanstiehl, X'3 7, traveled to England this yearto help British television stations become more ac­cessible to blind and low-vision viewers. He and hiswife, Margaret, have pioneered the art of audio de­scription for visually impaired audiences of stage,film, TV, and museum exhibits in the U.S. and Austra­lia. James c. Plagge, SB'37, PhD'40, and MargaretWashburne Plagge, AB'35, of Okemos, MI, are "bothvery much alive and busy and still basking in theenjoyment of the days we spent at the Centennial." D.Throop Vaughan, AB'37, writes, "My 55th reunionwas certainly well organized and most enjoyable.With pride I wear my alumni emeritus pin. All hailclass of'37."40 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 199338 Seymour Meyerson, SB'38, a research con­sultant at Amoco Corp. before retiring in1984, received the American Chemical Society's1993 Frank H. Field andjoe L. Franklin award for out­standing achievement in mass spectrometry. JeromeM. Sivesind, AB'38, of Lafayette, CA, and his wife,Eleanor, continue to have good health, and write thattheir oldest granddaughter graduated from the Uni­versity of California at Davis, and will continueschool after working for a year.39 Erwin F Beyer, AB'39, of Plattsburgh, NY,writes, "At 77, and at every new day, I have adeeper appreciation for the education I received frommy great U of C. Would that everyone could be so mar­velously equipped with the brain tools to weigh andconsider the rapidly moving ideas of these excitingdays." William K. Kuhlman, MD'39, is "still practic­ing two days a week and helping with surgery" in Col­orado Springs, CO. He looks forward to his 55threunion.40 Chester Feldman, SB'40, SM'41, PhD'50, ofAnn Arbor, MI, attended the meeting on the"Stone Age Mathematicians" at the University lastOctober. George Lambrou, AM'40, is a project man­ager for Pragma Corporation, an international devel­opment consulting firm in Falls Church, VA. ChesterB. Powell, SB'40, MD'43, is looking forward to his50th anniversary of graduation from medicalschool,and hopes to see others from the class of '43this spring. Mona Wilson Schoch, SM'40, retiredfrom high school teaching, is now a tutor in the India­napolis adult basic education program.41 Shirley Shapiro Barsky, AB'41, AM'42, re­tired after 32 years of teaching Spanish. SonJonathan is "continuing the family tradition"-inJune he received his doctorate in business adminis­tration, and was appointed associate professor atthe University of San Francisco. Norton Ginsburg,AB'41, AM'47, PhD'49, was given the first distin­guished scientist award by the Association of Ameri­can Geographers in 1992. Jeanne Lazarus Shane,SB'41, see 1930, Robert S. Shane.42 Injune,]ames H. Coon, PhD'42, will partici­pate in a 50th reunion celebration at the LosAlamos National Laboratory, where he is a chartermember of the staff, going there directly from the U ofC after completing his Ph.D. in nuclear physics.Naomi Smith Devoe, AB'42, and her husband, Carl,write with news of their daughter, Linda Devoe Brody,AB'80, MST'82, who teaches 5th grade at the LabSchools. She and Jeff Brody, AB'80, have a daughter,Caitlin, who attends kindergarten there.Theodore Fields, SB'42, an associate professor atthe University of Miami, spends time with his wife,playing tennis and seeing some of the many U .of Calumni in the area. Harold R. Steinhauser, AB'42,MBA'43, of Davis junction, IL, has retired after 49years of teaching-24 years in high schools and 25 incommunity colleges. After 36 years of general surgeryin Rochester, NY, Roland E. Stevens, Jr., CLA'42, de­voted five years to help establish a department of oc­cupational medicine at the University of RochesterMedical School. "Happy in a blessed state of retire­ment," he and his wife, Lois, play tennis, ski, hike, andtravel. They have a grandson at the U of C.43 Elizabeth C. Carney, AB'43, see 1944, LoisCarroll Lewis. Vivian ScheidemantelHawes, PhB'43, AM'49, research associate for ceram­ics at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, is also activewith several ceramics collectors societies. AnthonyPizzo, SB'43, MD'45, professor of pathology at Indi­ana University School of Medicine, writes, "No, I'm not retired and don't intend to. Look for a new moviewritten by our son, Angelo Pizzo. His first movie wasHoosiers."44 Lois Carroll Lewis, AB'44, had a "delightful"visit with Elizabeth C. Carney, AB'43, t�ISpast summer. Elizabeth had just finished a trip II1which she circled the globe eight times. Lois LaW­rance Russell, AB'44, AM'47, in her 42nd year atKnoxville College, has moved from teaching politicalscience to become director of public and communityrelations for the college. She and Kathleen Taylor)oy­ner, SB'45, have organized a Knoxville area U of �alumni club-45 alumni and guests attended thelffall dinner meeting where Alvin M. Weinberg, SB'35,SM'36, PhD'39, was the featured speaker45 Helen I. Greene, PhD'45, of Milledgeville,GA, is "still living-the first generation of mYfolks to reach 80 and keep going!" Kathleen TaylorJoyner, SB'45, see 1944, Lois Lawrance Russell.46 Ruth Gibson Walshlager, PhB'46, and herhusband, Rodger, are both retired and splittheir time between Harbert, MI, and a retirementcommunity in Fort Myers, Florida. Esther LangloiS,X'46, is a psychologist with a private practice in La�e­wood, OH. She specializes in marriage and famIlytherapy. After 36 years of public service, Nicholas].Melas, PhB'46, SB'48, MBA'50, is retiring as presiden}of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation Distnct 0Greater Chicago, and will return to the private sector.In December he was honored by the Canal CorridOfAssociation and other environmental organizatiOn�for his 30-year commitment to conservation anenvironmental improvement. Daniel J. MonacO,AM'46, of Hillsborough, CA, is seeking funds to im­plement his plan for a Citizen's World Court, a pro­ject with the World jurist Association. A painting bYJohn F Richardson, AM'46, won an award at the Ten­nessee All-State Art Exhibition. Robert E. Trobaugh,X'46, is a retired president emeritus of Illinois ValleyCommunity College in La Salle-Peru, IL.47 Richard B. Clark, AB'47, is a reporter for asmall-town newspaper, the Galena Gazette.Martin Popelka, Jr., SB'47, of Manhattan Beach, �A.,says that his 45th reunion was a "10," and he's 100kIllgforward to his 50th in 1997. Martin J. Steindl�r,PhB'47, SB'48, SM'49, PhD'52, recently received a dI�tinguished performance award from the U of 'presented july 23 at Argonne National laboratorY·Arnold L. Tanis, PhB'47, SB'49, MD'51, associate pr�­fessor at the University of Miami's School of MedI­cine, is a founding member and currently serveS o�the International Board of Lactation Consultants. D�rector of the Medical Association Program ofdLeche League International, he was the featUrespeaker at Healthy Mothers-Healthy Babies' fall gen­eral meeting.48 Edward L. Henry, AM'48, MBA'48, PhD'55,retired from his fourth college presidencYand is doing consulting work in education in Minne�sota. Clemens F Kowalczyk, SB'48, writes that abOUt50 people attended the IUC day celebration held a_the Phoenix Art Museum in September. John 1I. �ey_nolds, SM'48, PhD'50, retired as a principal invesUg;ltor at the University of California at Berkeley, and WIecontinue as a volunteer researcher with the Isot�PCenter. He and his wife, Ann, will be cruising the In-land passage to Alaska this summer. '54,49 Charles F Johnson, PhB'49, SB'54, MDre­retired December 31, and now hopes tonlax, travel, and enjoy some spare time. SU�I1tPearlman Kagan, X'49, and josef Suk, the emIlll<eCzech violinist, played violin works by the archduc]:JRudolf of Austria on a CD released in August by 1(0 dInternational. Kurt Lang, AB'49, AM'52, PhD'5}, �;stGladys Engel Lang, PhD'54, of Seattle, WA, spentA.Pril through August as visiting lecturers at the FreielJniversitat of Berlin and started research on collec­tive memory as affected by change from one regime toanother, with special focus on East Germany.Stanley E. Lindquist, PhD'49, a psychologist withthe Link Care Center in Fresno, CA, recently went to�iberia to lead workshops on peer counseling train­lng. Earl M. Ratzer, MBA'49, and his wife, HelenQUisenberry Ratzer, X'43, keep busy with their stampCollecting-he puts out six issues a year of the IllinoisPrecancel News and she publishes the Perfins Bulletinten times a year. Burton H. Robin, SM'49, professor ofchemistry and physical sciences at Chicago'sKennedy-King College for 30 years, was the school's1991-92 distinguished professor.So Frederic Anderson, X'SO, is looking fornews of Hal Stocks, X'SO, and can be reachedat 22 Navigator Lane, Savannah, GA 31410-2135.Marta Hoerr Brannan, AM' SO, of Peoria, IL, who re­cently turned 89, writes, "Can't somebody at the U of� encourage more stress on quality and less on quan­tltyoflife?" Herbert Garfinkel, AM' SO, PhD's6, retiredfrom the University of Louisville as vice president foracademic affairs, and now lives in Peoria, IL, near hissix grandchildren.S I Paul H. Bowman, PhD'sl, professor emeri-. tus at the University of Missouri in KansasCIty, and his wife, Evelyn, have returned from twoIllOnths in Bangladesh, where they served as consul­tants to the Independent University of Bangladesh.They assisted the president of the new university indeveloping a social. science curriculum. George WCOnnelly, PhD'sl, has retired as area associate super­�nten�ent of Chicago public schools to-Cape Coral,L, with his wife, Marguerite. Abraham]. Falick,�BtV51, is president of the Los Angeles Business/rofessional Democratic Club. Marion Lerner�eVi�e, X'S 1, had a solo show at the Prince Street Gal­bery In New York in October and November. BotanicalhOOk _pages, flowers, and mirrors are the subjects ofer shll-life prints and watercolors.S2 Albert B. Weaver, PhD's2, of Tucson, AZ,writes, "No news, thank God, I'm retired."S3 George Bahlke, AB's3, AM's6, of Clinton,C NY, was the first recipient of the HamiltonOllege Class of 1962's outstanding teaching award,ftesented at Hamilton's annual class and charter dayaSt May.S4 Victor C. Ferkiss, PhD's4, recently retiredfrom the faculty of Georgetown University�nd ,now lives in Corrales, NM. Howard M. Ham,ChD 54, retired general secretary of the MethodistS hurch's board of education and professor at the Iliffchool of Theology from 1951 to 1960, was one of�everal Iliff professors who received their degreesrom the U of C and were featured in the recentlyi�blished An Intellectual History of the Iliff School ofM eo�ogy. Now deceased, Walter G. Williams, PhD'34,)lhar�m Rist, PhD'34, and William H. Bernhardt,a � 28, made up the "Chicago School" faculty groupQ��lff. Ray K. Kistler, DB's4, is retired and living inK lncy, IL. Gladys Engel Lang, PhD's4, see 1949,f un Lang. Iris Reed Shannon, AM's4, associate pro­a�ssor .with Rush University's College of Nursing, isI, So Vlce president of the Chicago Board of Health.D�retta R. Sharp, AM'54, is a volunteer in the CapitalSlStrict Hospice program in the Saratoga, NY, area.S Virginia Walcott Beauchamp, PhD'ss, re­a\\> ceived the 1992 outstanding faculty woman\\>h ard at the University of Maryland at College Park,an ere she has recently been appointed special assist­l{o�.to the president for women's issues. Elizabethb lnson Cohen, AB'ss, AB's9, AM'63, and her hus­,,:n.d, Edward, have taken early retirement and arel1]°Ying every minute." After completing a 12-week course on animal biology and behavior, they are bothdocents at the Denver Zoo. Their daughter is in lawschool in San Diego, and their son has just begungraduate study in mathematics at the University ofWashington.56 Arthur L. Waldman, AB's6, of Portland, CT,writes with news of Brian P. Waldman,AB'86, MBA'87, who graduated from UCLA's lawschool last June and is now an associate with theWashington, DC, law firm of McKenna &: Guneo.57 William Henry Maehl.jr., PhD'57, will retireas president of the Fielding Institute in SantaBarbara, CA, in June and relocate to Santa Fe, NM.59 Ronald Hutchinson, DB's9, has started anon-profit foundation in the Puget Soundregion, Green Grass Gatherings, which creates inno­vative solutions to "edge city" problems. WilliamPostelnek, MBA's9, and his wife, Helen, of St. Peters­burg, FL, both enjoyed 50th reunions recently: his forthe Illinois Institute of Technology class of '42, andhers for Louisiana State University class of'42. "Bothevents occurred in May, fortunately on differentdates." G. Edward Schuh, AM's9, PhD'61, of LakeElmo, MN, received an honorary doctorate last Mayfrom Purdue University.60 Grace Whipple Alanen, AB'60, a part-timeteacher at California State University inDominquez Hills and a Ph.D. candidate in UCLA's arthistory department, is also vice president of the Ar­chaeological Institute of America, Southern Califor­nia Society. Robert Dentler, PhD'60, professor emeri­tus of sociology at the University of Massachusetts atBoston, continues as a senior scientist at the South­west Regional Educational Lab in Los Alamitos, CA.61 Margaret P. Ammons, PhD'61, of Decatur,GA, retired in 1989, but has kept up with for­mer students and developments in education. Gerrit]. tenZythoff, AM'61, PhD'67, emeritus professor ofreligious studies at Southwest Missouri State Univer­sity, founded the department in 1969 and served as itshead until 1984. The faculty senate there has recom­mended that a new building be named after him. RuthJackson Von Fleckenstein, AB'61, is a senior systemsanalyst with the Federal Department of Transporta­tion, producing software for motor carrier safetyspecialists.62 Louis Clavelli, SM'62, PhD'67, who teachesat the University of Alabama, is on sabbati­cal at the Max Planck Institute in Munich this spring.His three children are studying and teaching in Ger­many and Austria.63 SaUy Sheedy Marchessault, X'63, ofGaithersburg, MD, is coordinator of volun­teer and community resources for MontgomeryCounty Public Schools.64 John Charles Cooper, AM'64, PhD'66, is avisiting professor of philosophy at AsburyCollege in Wilmore, KY, this spring. He lectured at theAmerican University in Bulgaria last August. Fred A.Corey, SB'64, MD'72, his wife, Carolyn Holland, andtheir twins, Brian and David, live in San Diego whereFred practices internal medicine. Clifford E.P. Cox,Jr., AB'64, MBA'66, is deputy superintendent forinfor­mation technology with the Detroit Public Schools.65 James M. Cowley, JD'6s, formerly with theSan Diego law firm of Lathan &: Watkins, hasformed his own firm, Cowley &: Chidester, in RanchoSanta Fe, CA. Leola Dyrud Furman,AM'6s, an associ­ate professor in the University of North Dakota's so­cial work department, was a legislative fellow in theWashington, DC, office of Senator Kent Conrad lastsummer. John S. Reist,Jr., AM'6s,PhD'76, professorof Christianity and literature at Hillsdale College, be­came the pastor at the First Congregational Church ofHudson in November. Sharon Goldman Rubin, AB'6s, AM'66, dean of Salisbury State University'sFulton School of Liberal Arts, spent five weeks in ]a­pan and Korea last summer as part of the FulbrightInternational Education Administrators Program- "itwas a great adventure!" Her son Joshua just started atthe U of C; Sharon reports that it gives her "a lot ofjoy to hear him excited about The Iliad."66 Duane W Krohnke,JD'66, attended theJunewedding ofjill L. Olson, AB'90, and Peter H.de long, AB'90, (see "Class News," December/92).67 Philip M. Lankford, AB'67, AM'68, PhD'll,of Menlo Park, CA, just spent a month inEurope, including Paris, Geneva, Zurich, Munich,Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Vienna, and is anxious toreturn. Sherwood H. Prothero, Jr., MBA'67, is vicepresident of sales, commercial equipment group, atBell Atlantic TriCon Leasing Corporation. Ronald].Slaughter, MD'67, SM'67, of Las Vegas, NY, is the1992-93 national president of the Flying PhysiciansAssociation.68 Christopher C. Boardman, X'68, a freelancewriter, had several true crime storiespublished in five anthologies last year, all publishedby Zebra/Pinnacle Books. He will also have an article,"Detective Magazine Writing," published in the 1993Writer's Handbook.Norman]. Girardot, AM'68, PhD'74, professor ofreligious studies at Lehigh University, has receivedfour grants for a two-year, collaborative study of the19th-century origins of the scholarly study of Chi­nese tradition. The study will revolve around the lifeand works ofJames Legge, a missionary in China and,later, the first professor of Chinese at Oxford Univer­sity. Traute Maass Marshall, AM'68, PhD'74, manag­ing director of Ligature-an educational research anddevelopment firm with offices in Boston and Chicago-has two children in the College: Eric, '93, and Bren­da, '96. Robert Sledd, AM'68, teaches at the Universityof Texas at Brownsville, and "conducts ethnographicresearch in the cantinas and brothels of NorthernMexico-research associates are welcome."69 Joseph D. Brisben, AB'69, is a vice presidentof investments at Securities Corporation ofIowa in Cedar Rapids. He is responsible for the man­agement of investment portfolios for both individualand organization clients. Monica Murphy Kirby,AM'69, works at the Madison (WI) CommunityHealth Center, and has conducted a study on healthbenefits and the poor with the Center for Public Rep­resentation. Her husband, David J. Kirby, PhD'70,continues to practice family medicine and obstetrics.He was chosen by the family practice residents at theUniversity of Wisconsin at Madison as clinical teach­er of the year for the second time in three years.70 Mary A. Arnold, AM'70, writes, "Other thanthat my house survived in the middle of the1991 Oakland firestorm, there isn't much good newsin drought- and earthquake-plagued California. Thedepression is everywhere." Howard Bolnick, MBA'70,president of Chicago'S Celtic Life Insurance Com­pany, was elected vice president of the AmericanAcademy of Actuaries. James E. Burk, MBA'70, isboard chair of Pensions Evangelical CovenantChurch in Hinsdale, IL.Norman]. Kansfie1d, AM'70, PhD'81, has beennamed the 12th president of New Brunswick Theo­logical Seminary. He took office in January. David].Kirby, PhD'70, see 1969, Monica Murphy Kirby. Mar­jorie Lange Lucchetti, AM'70, PhD'74, is divisionpresident of Metromail Corporation, a subsidiary ofRR Donnelley&: Sons. Paul D. Mageli, AB'70, AM'll,PhD'78, of Kenmore, NY, who writes book reviews forMagill's Literary Annual, published by Salem Press inPasadena, CA, writes, "Reports of my death in the1991-92 Department of History Newsletter areUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 41greatly exaggerated. Shades of Mark Twain! As ofNovember 23, I am alive and well."Carl E. PIetsch, AM'70, PhD'77, associate professorofhistary at Miami University in Ohio, gave BowdoinCollege's Jasper Jacob Stahl lecture in Novemberon "The Origins of Genius." Parker D. Quammen,AB'70, SM'74, and his wife, Sheila Bass, have movedfrom Hyde Park to Zumbrota, MN, where she is one oftwa physicians at a local clinic. Parker has became "ahouse-husband," and enjoys spending mare timewith their three children.71 The Rev. John]. Casey, PhD'll, returned to.overseas mission in Hong Kong in January.Richard R. Kopp, AM'71, PhD'72, a professor at theCalifornia School af Professional Psychology in LosAngeles for 19 years, is also a professor with the Inter­national Committee on Adlerian Summer Schoolsand Institutes, which met in Holland last summer,and will meet in Brne, Czechoslovakia, this summer.Lucile Larson Walker, AM'71, see 1973, R.E. Walker.72 Zachary Moshe Baker, AB'72, head librarianat the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research inNew York City, spoke at the University of Toronto on"the YIVO Institute as a Resource for Ukrainian Stu­dies" last year; he also visited Kiev, Ukraine, on YIVObusiness. Pamela Reichl Collebrusco, AB'72, AM'74,is working an her M.S. degree at the University of Illi­nois Graduate Schaal of Library and Information Sci­ence. Daniel A. Flores, JD'72, is a principal in UltraCream Products Company, formed in 1990 toproduce and market its awn half-and-half creamers­which wan a first-place award in the 1992 Food­service New Products Contest.Arthur E. Henningsen,Jr., MBA'72, is vice presidentand controller of Ecolab in St. Paul, MN. Alaric Quan,MBA'72, recently joined a custom software companyas a systems consultant specializing in minicomputer 'software far small companies. Michael A. Todt,AM'72, PhD'81, a part-time law student at West Vir­ginia College of Law, was appointed a special assist­ant to the commissioner at the West Virginia Depart­ment of Health and Human Resources' Bureau ofHuman Resources.73 Eliot W Abarbanel, AB'73, AM'73, a legal, services attorney in Wheaton, IL,.is marriedand has a four-year-old daughter. Kathleen EzoltCarle, AB'73, MBA'81, is a business analyst with Chi­cago's Liquid Carbonic Corporation, She's "livingdowntown and enjoying it tremendously." NormanEggleston, PhD'73, chair of the University of Ala­bama's, department of social work, has been namedsocial worker of the year by the Alabama chapter ofthe National Association of Social Workers, andmostoutstanding baccalaureate educator in social work bythe Alabama-Mississippi State Conference of SocialWork Educators.Marian E. Greenspan, AB'73, a research associatewith the University of Maryland's space physicsgroup, spent the second half of 1991 traveling inNepal and India. Don David Rosenberg, MBA:?3, di­rector of training and research at Family Service ofMilwaukee and ethics chair for the Wisconsin Asso­ciations for Marriage and Family Service, is also. a lec­turer at the University of Wiscansin at Milwaukee,Walteili. Vandaele, MBA'73, PhD'75, is managing di­rector at the Washingtan, DC, economic and manage­ment counsel firm of Putnam, Hayes &: Bartlett. Hisdaughter, Linda, is in her, second year at the Callege.R.E. Walker, PhD'73, recently rejained the staff ofthe University afMaryland's Germanic &: Slavic lan­guages &: literatures department to teach late Medie­val and Barock German literature. He recentlypublished Corpus Christi Sermons of Johannes Nas,and is working on Uses of Polemic: The Centuriaeof Johannes Nas. His wife, Lucile, Larson Walker,42 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993AM'll, recently completed ten years wit� the Balti� have twa da�ghters: Ingrid, three-and-a-half, andmare County publiclibrary system. , ,,' " Danatwo months. ' "74 Eve OttenbergStone,AB'74,AM'75� an edi- 80' L,in,, da Devoe Br.od. y,AB'80, MST'82, andJefftor and reporter for the past 15 'Years, has' Brody, AB'80, see 1942, Naomi Smith De-three children. Thomas G. Yondorf, AB'74; MBA'7S,' YOe. Nathan ], Brown, AB'80, associate professor ofMDV88; is looking forward to a: sabbatical next year' political science at George Washingtan University,, after six years as a Unitarian Universalist minister in also serves as associate dean of the Elliott School ofPortland, ME. He sends special greetings to the for- International Affairs at GWU. Thomas A. Grossman,mer residents of Upper Flint. ",', .: AM'80, an'd his wife have started their own law finn in75 Ira Ray Friedlander,AB'7�, and L. Ann Nun-' Boston;' concentrating an corporate law, real estate,, nally had their fourth daughter, Leah, on ]u- and civil litigation. Lisa Haglund, AB'80, SM'85,ly 31.'Umia; Sarah, Rivka.and Leah ate all enjoying MD'85, assistant professor of clinical medicine withlife in Canton, OH; where Ira isin a private cardiac the University of Cincinnati's infectious diseaseselectrophysiology practice and Ann is medical direc- section, notes that "Cincinnati is halfway betweentorofthe local Planned Parenthood. ', Chicago and Oklahoma conceptually."76 James. H., Beeson: MI!'76, professor, arid ,,' Mark H. Hankin, AB'80, received his Ph.D. in neuro-chair ofthedepartment of gynecology '& ob-: biologyfrom Case WesterhReserve University in 1985,stetrics at the University of Oklahoma College of and did postdoctoral work at the University of Pitts-Medicine, lives in-Tulsa with his wife, Merry C. Kelly; burgh beforebecoming an assistant professor in anatO-and their four children. After 25' years with',IBM, my at the Medical College ofOhio in Toledo. NinaDavid C. Courtney; MBA'76, has cofounded EDJEn- Petrosky Priebe, A�1'80, is a medical social workerspe-terprises, Inc., a retail software development cornpa- cializ:ing in cardiac care patients atLos Robles Regionalny in Raleigh, NCDavid's reading habitsarechang- Medical Center in Thousand Oaks, CA.ing from science fiction to Peter, Drucker. Edward M. "'81' Jennifer Briggs Braswell, AB'81, has ern­Korry, AB'76, of Warwick, Rl.rnanages ahotel owned. .: • barked on a multi-year archaeological pro-and operated by Johnson &: Wales Universitystaffed jeer at the Mayan site of Xunantunich, Belize, wherealmost entirely by students whohave int{�rnshi ps. He, she is Writing her dissertation. Brian L. David, AB'81,and wifeBarbara Duffy, who owns the Conesett Ani-' MBA'S> L and Teresa Keyes, MBA'90, helped with th.emal Clinic, have two.sons, " . , debut production of Shakespeare's Motley Crew, C�I-Susan A. Ross, AM'76, PhD:82, associate prof essor , 'cago's newest acting troupe, last September. Acting JDof theology and director of the women's studies pro-, , ,the production was Laura Jones Macknin, AB'8�,gram at Loyola University, married WilliamP. George, ,AM'83. Miriam E. Kanter, AB'81, who's doing a reSI-PhD'90, executive' director of the Chicago Center' dency.at St.Vincent's Hospital in Greenwich Village,for Peace Studies, an October 24. Barbara Grant is "an enthusiasticresidentof New York City" AaroOTambling, AM'76, manager of sales &: distribution Levin, AB'8t left AT&:T to join Tele- Trend Comrnu-systems at Baxter Healthcare, and husband, Robert, nications as vice president of market developmentrecently had- a son, Richard Eric. Debra Yoo, AB'76; lastJuly He lives with wife Deborah, stepdaughter Ra-had a one-person exhibirofherpaintings at Chicago's chelle, and son Adam, who was born in March 1991,Jan Cicero Galley in january and February. She arid 'in suburban Denver.husband Peter Hessemer, MFA'76" showed their work 8� Michael Arney, AB'82, is working on hi�at the 1992 Evanston &: Vicinity Show. Their .cat, ,. 4 master's at the U of C Divinity School, .atlLouise, turned 18 in 1992." ' ,, 'plans to earn his PhD. in environmental/religloU�77 Cathleen N. Bairey; AB77; anacademiccar- ethics. John H. Burke, AB'82, MD'86, is in his secon.., .diologist at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in year of a cardiologyfellowship at Northwestern �n�Los Angeles, hasthreechildren: Alexa, Caroline, �nd ,versity in Chicago, and Vicky A. Sroczynski, AB 8 '. Allison. Douglas A. Conrad, MBA' 77, PhD'78, is a pro� AM'91, is coordinator of the yaung adult substancefessor in the University of Washington's department .abuse program at Intervention Crossroads in Chica-of health services. Barbara]. Gagel"MBA'77, director g6�They recently purchased their first house in Da­of the Federal Health Care financing Adrpinistra� , rien, IL. Donald C. Dowling, Jr., AB'82, a partner attion's health standards and quality bureau, isrespon- ,the Cincinnati law firm of Graydon, Head &: RitcheY,sible far enforcing compliance with federal quality recently published' an article on the international��a-standards at 'more than' 250;00'0 health care tion of.labor law. His wife, Nancy Hill Dowbng,p$�4, is a lawyer for Procter &: Gamble. f-'. Sonia Kabakow Fischer, AM'82, will head a new ef�rt by Chicago'S joyce Foundation to improve t�eway inner-city children are immunized again�t dISciease. She will focus on bringing together p�b.hc a�dprivate resources to change outmoded pOhCles a.promote a strategy that makes immunization a reah�, forthese children. Michael]. Gerhardt,JD'82, recetl5.. ly signed .a cantract with Princeton University preS'to publish his next book, The Impeachment Process." 8 B.arry].GOld.man.-H..... a.·ll,A, M,'7.8,a.. cliilkalso-,:cial worker at the Eastfield Mmg QuongChildren's Center in Camphell,' LA, coauthored anarticle, "In-HorneTreatment offamilies with.Serious­ly Disturbed Adolescents.m.Crisis," which appearedin the June 1992 issue of F£irnily Process. ... .. ...79 Margaret Bjerklie, AB'79, works for ,dIeBiodiversity Support Program-s-a USAlDcfunded consartiuIh af the Warld Wildlife Fund, theNature Conservancy,.and the Warld Resol,lI'ces Insti­tute. She's so busy that shehas,httletime to enjoy hergoddaughter, Lily Burkeen" the daughter afHele�Fe­dor,AB'79.Henry A. Greenblatt,AB'79, a dermatolo�gist, and his Wife, Joanne, a pediatrician, have'twachildren: K(1therine, age four; aIldMax, age hvO. Cyn- ,.thia L. Sternau, AB\79, is executive edito:r of Barnes &: .Noble Baaks, Barnes &. Noble'spioprietary publish­ing division. Janet Hale Tabin., MBA'79, Of HighlandPark, IL, has jaint:d the Great Books Foundati(;m.Christine L. Vollmer, AB'79; anelectricHll1 with the··Metropolitan Water Reclamatian.Distnct af GreaterChicago, and her husband, Conrad·,Wennerberg, " 83'.'.' .paulF.. lignor, AB,'83., MBA'90, and �ath. lee�..' ,Cullen, AB'85, were married i� Ch�cago';5,August. 23., Attending were:. Rose Mana LI, ABett,MBA'86; David}<. LeIPer, MBA'86; Mitchell pus�h 115,. AB'87; Eric Bergson, AB'85, MBA'S8; Mike GI�84'AB'84, AM'84, PhD'89;Joetta Forsyth, AB'83, AM'86;Cathy Glen Puschett, X'84; Bob Mattaliano, AB'84,Lynette Schroeder,AB'85; Mary W Sullivan, AM0', PhD'87, an associate professor at the GSB; Cole J{:otdall, MBA'80; Ron Wainshal, MBA'90; and LaUrGuerard, MBA'89. .. odDick Wai-Cheong �an,MBA'83, vice presidentll a­general manager afbanking marketing and inforflltion systems at Haute-Hanks Data Technologies, andhis wife, Margaret Chang, had their second child,Katherine, last September. Jay M. Wasserman, AB'83,has a private law practice in Hollywood, FL. StevenA.M. Vrablik, MBA'83, of Hawthorn Woods, IL, man­ager of sales and marketing for Toshiba America Elec­tronic Components, is responsible for display prod­UCts-tubes and LCDs-in North America.84 Jeffrey H. Berman, AB'84, and his wife, Lisa,had a daughter, Sarah, on September 30.They recently moved from New York to Boston, whereJeffrey is an account supervisor at Mullen Advertis­Ing, and Lisa is a vice president/associate mediadirector at Hill Holliday Advertising. Old friends andGreenwood Hall housemates can write jeffrey at 50Beattie Road, Washingtonville, New York 10992.Richard M. Lemanski, MBA'84, manager of financebUSiness systems at Stolt-Nielsen in Greenwich, CT,married Dione Gerrity last April. Michael R. Levin,AB'84, AM'85, manager of Towers Perin's risk man­agement and casualty actuarial practice, and wifeAdrienne live in Northbrook, IL, with their daughter,MoUye Sarah, who was born in january 1992. Jon C.Perry, MBA'84, is an associate attorney in the mergers�nd acquisitions area of the San Francisco-based lawfIrm of Brobeck, Phleyer & Harrison. Vicky A Sroc­ZYnski, AB'84, AM'91, see 1982,John H. Burke.85 Matthew]. Cordery, SB'85, "having growntired of life in Scandinavia," has accepted aPOstdoctoral position at the Australian National Uni­�erSitY's Research School of Earth Sciences in Can-erra. He will be studying the interaction betweenthermal plumes in the Earth's mantle and the�O�tinentall oceanic lithosphere. David V Cruz-nbe, AB'85, will be getting his PhD. in math from�he University of California at Berkeley. Kathleen Cul­�n, AB'85, see 1983, Paul Flignor. Andrew F. Kolod­�Iej, S�'85, and his wife,jeanettejacobson, live in SanranClSCo while he does postdoctoral work in bio­chemistry at the University of California at Berkeley.Terri]. Lavi, AB'85, an attorney with the Washing­ton, DC, law firm of Arnold & Porter, specializes inAIDS litigation. She has a "very rambunctious" gold­en retriever puppy, and two cats from her U of C days,and would love to hear from anyone who passes!rough the DC area-her address is 316918th Street,1, Washington, DC 20102. Rose Maria Li, AB'85,�BA'86, recently completed a National Institutes ofMealt� postdoctoral fellowship at the University ofIchlgan at Ann Arbor, and has joined the behavioral�nd social sciences research program at the NationalnStitute on Aging. She is working to help set the re­Search agenda in the area of demography and popula­tIon epidemiology.86 John Culbertson, AB'86, married Andreat Stein at Bond Chapel on September 12. At­�nding were: john N. Walker, AB'86; Michael].M Ughes, AB'86;John A. Uglietta, AB'86; Malcolm K.S.�Gowan, PhD'91; Jill S. Wicinski, AB'86; Lynette1" Vestri, AB'86;JohnJoseph Ludwicki, AB'86; Caro­Ine I. Karr, MBA'88; and David T. Ketsdever, AB'87.] Stacey Dulberg Kole, AM'86, PhD'92, see 1987,�mes D. Kole. Gary D. Levenson, AB'86, received hisw .. fP. from the University of Michigan in 1990, and� I receive his].D. from Indiana University School oft. Vv In Bloomington in 1993. He promises to stop get-Ing d .S egrees, and welcomes any tips on how to re-f\��e a normal lifestyle. Lisa Porter McKinnon,th 86, and Mark McKinnon, AB'86, live and work in� :Vashington, DC, area.l nan P. Waldman, AB'86, MBA'8 7, see 1956, Arthur11.\Valdman. Adena Schutzberg,AB'86, works in tech­P leal marketing for ESRI, a geographic software com­c�ny Phillip Devon Wolfe, AB'86, a market researchf\t�sultant, and Erin Kelly Wolfe, AB'88, live in AnnSc' or, MI, where Erin has taken a leave from neuro­b lence research to care for their first son, MichaeleVon, born last Memorial Day. 87 Elizabeth Maclean Grosel, AB'87, is in hersecond year in the accounting/financePh.D. program at Stanford University'S GraduateSchool of Business. She married Charles Grosel onDecember 21, 1991.James D. Kole,JD'87, an associ­ate at Nixon, Hargrave, Devans & Doyle in Rochester,NY, and Stacey Dulberg Kole, AM'86, PhD'92, an as­sistant professor at the .University • of Rochester'sGraduate School of Business; had a daughter, LorenAdriana, on july 15. John Yoshimura, MBA'87, is aprincipal at AT. Kearney, a global management con­sulting firm.88 Michael M. Albert, MBA'88, a vice presidentin investment banking with Donaldson,Lufkin &jenrette in Los Angeles, reports that, for hiscompany, 1992 was a very successful year in highyield. Karen Cho, AB'88, an associate in patent litiga­tion with Fish & Neave in New York, married justineChoi on September 29, 1991. Attendants were: Jane'Choi, AB'88; MeeJung Park, AB',88; and Stella Kim,AB'88. Marjorie Ann Robertson, AB'88, received amaster of arts in international policy studies from theMonterey Institute ofInternational Studies. Erin Kel­ly Wolfe, AB'88, see 1986, Phillip Devon Wolfe.89 Scott E. Becker, AB'89, received his].D. fromthe University of Pennsylvania last May, andis now working with the Chicago law firm of Sanchez& Daniels. Yolanda Flores, AM'89, a Ph.D. candidatein the Romance studies department at Cornell Uni­versity, is writing her dissertation. She still misses Re­genstein. Sheri M. Lyons, AB'89, graduated fromEmory School of Law last May, and passed the Wash­ington state bar exam last july. Sofia M. Med­zihradsky, AB'89, is finishing her master's degree ingeography at the University of Montana, and plans tomove to Utah this fall to begin working. Andrew C.Rudalevige, AB'89, chief of staff for Senator Michael].Barrett (D-Cambridge, MA), also served as districtcoordinator for the Clinton-Gore campaign inMassachusetts. 90 Judith Samel Beto, PhD'90, program direc­tor of Rosary College's didactic program indietetica, has been the editor of the Journal of RenalNutrition for three years. William P. George, PhD'90,see 1976, Susan A Ross. Christopher T Heiser,,AM'90, a policy/budget analyst with the Federal Of­fice of Management and Budget since 1990, had a son,Nicholas Edward, born in january 1992. Teresa Key­es, MBA'90, see 1981, Brian L. David. Dianna Quan,AB'90, is in her third year at Columbia MedicalSchool. Robert C; Taylor, jr., MBA'90, and his wife,Debbie, of Washington, DC, recently had their firstchild, Lindsey Elizabeth. Roberta Michele 'Ielerski,AB'90, who is working on her master's in library sci­ence at Kent State University, and Sean O'Flaherty,AB'91, have a one-year-old daughter, Dylan Nicole.91 David A. Auburn, AB'91, recently complet­ed a year-long fellowship with the Chester­field Film Co. and Amblin Entertainment, StevenSpielberg's production company, during which hewrote two original feature-length screenplays. Heplans to continue working in Los Angeles. Craig Lo­sekamp, AB'91, see 1992, Michelle Ann Crofton. SeanO'Flaherty, AB'91, see 1990, Roberta Michele Te­lerski. Linda M. Stowell, MBA'91, is a manager inCoopers & Lybrand's litigation & claims servicesgroup. Marine 2nd Lt. John S. White, AB'91, AM'91,recently completed a combined arms exercise withhis battalion at the Marine Corps Air/Ground Com­bat Center in Twentynine Palms, CA92 Srirama P. Bharathi, AB'92, is working on a. master's in political science/internationallawat the London School of Economics and PoliticalScience. Michelle Ann Crafton, AB'92, married CraigLosekamp, AB'91, on june 20. Eli Curl, Jr., AB'92,works for Banco Gerencial & Fiduciario, the largestDominican-ownedcommercial bank in the Domini­can Republic. Shannon M. Embrey, AB'92, workedsince graduation on Bill Clinton's campaign as assist­ant director of the correspondence division at Clin­ton's national headquarters in Little Rock, AR. Bryn'K. Larsen, AB'92, is in her first year of law school atthe University of Texas.DEATHSFACULTYSheldon Tefft, the james Parker Hall professoremeritus in the Law School, died NovemberI 7 inWest Lebanon, NH, at the age of 92. An expert in realestate law, mortgages, and equity, Tefft joined the LawSchool in 1929 as a visiting professor, became assist­ant professor in 1931, and professor in 1940. Heserved as acting dean of the Law School from 1943.to 1945. Tefft received his M.A. from Oxford Universi­ty in 1932; while there, he became the first Americanto receive the Viverian scholarship prize. Survivorsinclude his wife, Elizabeth, and two sons.F. Howell Wright, professor emeritus in pediatrics,died of cancer November 12 in Kennett Square, PA.He was 84. Chair of the pediatrics department from1951 to 1962, he was also past president of the Ameri­can Board of Pediatrics and past chair of the Councilof the American Pediatric Society Since 1985, the FHowell Wright Award in Pediatrics has been present­ed annually to the medical student who best demon­strates the personal and professional characteristicsthat Wright exemplified. Among survivors are hiswife, Margaret; a daughter; a son; two stepsons; astepdaughter; ten grandchildren; and a sister 19105Patricia Parmelee, PhB'16, died at the age of95 aftera short illness. She worked into her 70s as a socialworker at the International Institute in Los Angeles.19205Rose Aaron Krinsley, X'21, active in many Chicagophilanthropic organizations during her lifetime, diedjuly 19 in Cincinnati at the age of 92. Survivors in­clude three children, including David H. Krinsley,PhB'48, SB'50, SM'50; eight grandchildren, includingJeanne S. Krinsley, AB'84; and six great-grand-children. .William W Watson, SB'21, SM'22, PhD'24, a formerchair of Yale University'S physics department whohelped develop the atomic bomb, died August 3 at theage of 92 in Hamden, CT. Among survivors are hiswife, Elizabeth Wells Watson, SB'26; two daughters;two grandchildren; a riephew.james Dewey Watson,PhB'46, SB'47; and a niece, ElizabethWatson Myers,PhB'49.Richard Hartshorne, PhD'24, professor emeritus ofgeography at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,{)NIVERSITYOF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 43died November 5 of cancer in Madison. He was 92.Among survivors are his wife, Donna; three daugh­ters; a brother; four grandchildren; five stepchildren;and eight step-grandchildren.Henry D. Ephron, AB'25, died August 22 in Mis­soula, MT, at the age of87. Survivors include his wife,Marguerite.Gerald R. Gorman, PhB'27, a lawyer, banker, andChicago civic leader, died October 28 in his WesternSprings home. The founder and past president of theAshland State Bank, he was involved with numerouscommunity and civic organizations. Among survi­vors are his wife, Elizabeth; four daughters, includingJane Gorman, AM'84, PhD'88; a son; and fivegrandchildren.Walter E. Marks, PhB'27, retired dean of IndianaState University's School of Health, Physical Educa­tion and Recreation, died November 24 in Marshall,IL. Survivors include his wife, Kathryn; two sons; onebrother; four grandchildren; and two great-grand­children.Helene Mynchenberg Wallace Toolan, SB'29, direc­tor emeritus and trustee of the Helene W Toolan In­stitute for Medical Research at Bennington College,died November 29 in Bennington, VT. She was 80. Onstaff at the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Re­search from 1950 to 1964, she received the Sloanaward in 1955. Among survivors are her husband,James; two sons; four grandchildren; and two great­grandchildren.19305Edith Annable Chapman, PhB'30, AM'35, died Au­gust 25 in Hartford, CT. Survivors include a daughter,Ruth Connal, and two granddaughters.Ruth Cope Mulvihill, MAT'30, died July 5. Survi­vors include her husband, Donald F. Mulvihill,MAT'37, PhD'54, and a sister, Elizabeth]. Cope,SB'22.The Rev. Wanzer Hull Brunelle, PhB'30, died July31. Survivors include his wife, Marie YeomanBrunelle, X'32.Philip Kolb, PhB'31, AM'32, professor emeritus ofFrench at the University of Illinois at Urbana­Champaign and an expert on Proust's letters, diedNovember 6 of leukemia in Urbana. Survivors in­clude his wife, Dorothy; two daughters; a son; abrother, Theodore M. Kolb, AB'36; and two grand­children.Sumner E. Scherubel, SB'33, died April 16, 1991.Among survivors is his brother, Harry A. Scherubel,SB'29.Lois Cromwell Klein, PhB'34, founder and pastboard chair of the Palos-Orland Unit of Recording forthe Blind, died November 18 in a traffic accident inOrland Park. Among survivors are her husband,Franklin; three daughters; a brother; nine grand­children; and two great-grandchildren.Joseph c. Ehrlich, MD'35, of Phoenix, AZ, diedMarch 22. Survivors include his wife, Corinne FreedEhrlich, PhB'32.B. Franklin Gurney, SB'35, SM'38, died August 3.He is survived by his wife, Jane Herbert Gurney,X'35.Walter Schwartz, MD'35, a Pasadena, CA, dermatol­ogist from 1937 until his retirement in 1980, died No­vember 25 in Mountain Park, AR. Survivors include­his wife, Janet; two sons; a daughter; two brothers; asister; 14 grandchildren; and four great-grand­children.John Molyneaux, AB'36, died on May 18. Survivorsinclude his sister, Nell Molyneaux Mortell,PhB'33.Thomas S. Checkley, AB'39,JD'41, BLS'47, of Pitts­burgh, PA, died November 10. Survivors include hiswife, Gloria Gray Checkley, BLS'47.Reginald Heffer Neal, AM'39, a nationally knownprintmaker and painter, died February 28, 1992, in44 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993Gainesville, FL, at the age of 82. He had several showsin New York City during his career, and his workshave been exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art.Among survivors are his daughter, Carol, and threegrandchildren.19405Henry E. Wells, SB'41, a former bank executive andleader in mental health and civic organizanons.diedOctober 2 in Mobile, AL, at the age of75. A past presi­dent of the Alabama State Mental Health Associationand the Greater Mobile-Washington County MentalHealth and Mental Retardation Board, he was also thefounder and past president of the Mobile ClearingHouse Association. Survivors include his wife,Jeanne; a daughter; two sons; a sister; a brother; tengrandchildren; and two great-grandchildren.George A. Beebe, AB'42, who worked for the Carne­gie Endowment for International Peace and the Insti­tute for International Order, died October 6 in Ocean­side, NY, at age 72. Among survivors are his wife,Margaret; three daughters; a son; a brother, David C.Beebe, PhB'44; and five grandchildren.Catherine Christoph Barz, X'43, died November27. Survivors include her daughter, Diane Barz May,AM' 72.Malcolm Correll, PhD'48, died suddenly on Sep­tember 6 in Boulder, CO, where he was retired fromthe University of Colorado. Survivors include hiswife, Ruth.Doris Weiser Gilpin, MD'48, of St. Louis, MO, diedApril 29. Survivors include her husband, Clifford C.Gilpin, SB'45, MD'48, and a niece, Ann C. Weiser,AM'72, PhD'75.Herbert T. Wagner, MBA'48, a medical administra­tor who wasthe director of hospital services for theNational Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, died Oc­tober 11 in Edgewater, MD, after a long illness. He was80. Among survivors are his wife, Rebecca; two sons;a daughter; and five grandchildren.19505Kenneth C. Brundidge, AB'52, SM'53, professoremeritus at Texas A&M University, died September23 in an auto accident. Survivors include his wife,Glenna; two sons; and three grandchildren.Paul Kane, PhD'55, of Florence, MA, died July 7after a long battle with cancer. He is survived by hiswife, Esther.Eugene]. Beisner, AM'57, died in Las Vegas on July27. Survivors include his brother, Robert Beisner,AM'60, PhD'65.William M. Phillips,Jr., PhD'57, professor emeritusof sociology at Rutgers University, died of pancreaticcancer at his home in Skillman, N]. He was the authorof An Illustrious Alliance: The African American andjewish American Communities and The School Sociolo­gist: A Need for an Emergent Profession. Among survi­vors are his wife, Marie; two sons; a brother; and fourgrandchildren.19605Wesley O. Moberg, MBA'60, a retired Army colonel,died September 21. He was a veteran of World War II,the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. Among survi­vors are his wife, Jeanette; four daughters; two sons;two brothers; 12 grandchildren; and two great­grandchildren.Susan Bromberg Little, AB'65, MAr68, died No­vember 6 of cancer inJerusalem, Israel. She worked asa psychotherapist in California before moving to Isra­el in 1989 to study the Torah. Survivors include hermother, Rosalyn; her sister; and her son, Sasha.Vittorio Raineri, AM'65, a Chicago area professor ofItalian, died September 16. He taught at Loyola, Northwestern, and Roosevelt universities, the CityColleges of Chicago, and Rosary College. In the 1960she helped found the Chicago Teachers Union in theAmerican Federation of Teachers. Among survivorsare his wife, Celestina; a daughter; a son; and agrandson.Walter Dorus.jr, MD'67, a research associate in theU of Cs department of psychiatry, died August 21,1991. Survivors include his wife, Elizabeth BanksonDorus, PhD'll.Kay Alvin Kyser, MD'68, PhD'70, of Kailua, HI, diedMay 17, 1990. Survivors include his wife, DoreenPtak Kyser, SB'64, SM'68.NOTICE OF DEATHRECEIVEDRuth Lippert Heron, PhB'19, March.Dorothy Heiss Slagsvol, PhB'19.Elmore R. Bailey, SB'20, MD'23,January 1991.Bessie Rider Conley, SB'20.Grace Abrams Carson, PhB'22.Ruth Shiver Campbell, PhB'23.Lillian Larmon Hillburg, X'24,July.Ruth Doggett Terzaghi, SB'24, SM'25, March.Louise Carpenter, PhB'28, October.Clarence Olson, SB'28, MD'33, October.H. Vern Soper, MD'28, March.Samuel R. Widner, AM'28.Gertrude Clarke, X'29.Daniel]. Coyle, MD'29.Joseph T. Moynihan, SB'29.Arthur F Otte, PhB'30, March.Spencer D. Parratt,JD'30, PhD'32, October.Rosalind Green Salzman, PhB'30, MFA'69.George S. Benson, AM'31, December 1991.Alton S. Hansen, MD'31,June.Thomas D. Hardwick, AM'31,January 1992.RobertA. Snow, LLB'31, November.Arthur Resnick, PhB'32, September.Beatrice D. Rosholt, PhB'32, August.William A. Van Santen, SB'33, August.Stanley W Connelly, X'34,July.C. Edward Holtsberg, AB'34,June.Hilla Wehberg Delre, AB'36, November.Paul Francis Byrd, SB'38, SM'41.Arthur L. Smith.]r., SB'38, MD'40,June 1991.George O.F Dohrmann,Jr., SB'39, MD'41, OctoberHarold H. Meanor, MD'39.Robert A. Simon, AB'39,JD'41.Leonard A. Barrow, MD'40.].Joe Biery,MBA'40, February 1992.Katharine E. Hazard, PhD'40, October.Lester B. Rickman, AM'40,July.Patricia Lyding Thornburgh, SB'42, October.Robert Hewitt Bean, AB'43.Donald]. Figel, AB'43.Robert E. Heft, SB'43, SM'49, PhD'54, September.Beatrice Anderson Lofberg, AB'43, November.Thomas W Meldrum, SB'44,July.Marjorie Ladd Brown, AB'46, November 1991.Mercedes Immel O'Hale, SM'49, February 1992.Lillian M. Richards, AM'49, September.Arthur Wendel, MD'49.Toshiro Otsuka, X'51.Dennis Martinez-Irizarry,JD'52, August.James Monos, X'52,June.Genevieve R. Stevenson, PhB'52.Lee H. Miller, MBA'54.Firmilian Ocokoljich, PhD'54.Louis E. Davidson, MBA' 56 ..Jeanine]. Johnson, AB'56, AB'58, October.William V. Dorn, AM'61, August.Herbert A. Dotterer, MBA'62.. William G. Tanner, MBA'64,July.Mason R. Warner, MBA'67.Frank William Bolek, MBA'71, September.JohnJacob Tani, MBA'75, October.BOOKS by AlumniARTS AND LETTERSDanny Lyon, AB'63, Memories of the Southern CivilRights Movement (University of North CarolinaPress). As a young New Yorker, Lyon joined the Stu­dent Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in 1962 asa photographer. The 212 black-and-white photo­graphs in this book, along with Lyon's personal recol­lections, document that short-lived civil rights or­ganization before it was undone by assassinations,the rise of the antiwar movement, and the SNCCsespousal of black militancy.BIOGRAPHYJohn Thornton Posey,JD'49, General Thomas Posey:Son of the American Revolution (Michigan State Uni­versity Press). Revolutionary War General ThomasPosey, who played a minor role in the War for Inde­Pendence, went on to help found several states in thetransappalachian West, becoming involved in localand regional politics. Of particular interest is an ap­pendix which analyzes available evidence to supportpopular 19th-century speculation that Posey was theIllegitimate son of George Washington.Jason Thompson, PhD'S7, Sir Gardner Wilkinsonand His Circle (University of Texas Press). This biogra­phy of the founder of Egyptology in Great Britain doc­�l11ents the first stages of British cultural explora­.lon of Egypt in the early 19th century, as well as theIntellectual environment of a Victorian gentlemanScholar.BUSINESS AND ECONOMICSP llugh Aaron, AB'51, Business Not as Usual (StoneC OInt Press). This book presents a candid account of ahEO's Successes and failures managing a companytrough 20 years of hard and easy times.Colin Coulson-Thomas, X'75, Transforming theCOtnpany: Bridging the Gap Between ManagementMyth and Corporate Reality (Adaptation Limited). Thea�thor maintains that, in theory, all the individuale el11ents-from attitudes to processes-necessary torevolUtionize a company's capacity to serve custom­�rs have been identified; Coulson-Thomas discussestv to turn theory into practice, highlighting obsta­� es and barriers confronting companies trying toring about change.C Colin Coulson-Thomas, X'75, Creating the Globalli°tnpany: Successful Internationalization (McGraw-III Book Company Europe). Designed to help com­Panies understand and respond to challenges and op­bOrtunities in the global business environment, thisi ook examines the need for flexible, responsive, andhnternational forms of network organization that can/rness People and resources independently ofloca­cIon and nationality, adding value for individualUStomers.j( Sal11uel N. Malkind, AB'52, MBA'55, Commoditiestor Kids of All Ages (Vantage Press). Written in non­lechnical terms and geared to the senior high schoola�vel, this introduction to the commodity business isSo for anyone considering a commodities career.FCatherine Mansell, AB'S2, AM'S5, Las Nuevasi lnanzas.en Mexico (Editorial Milenio/Instituto Mex­ccano �e Ejecutivas de Finanzas/lnstituto Tecnologi­i� A.Utonomo de Mexico). This book outlines the newti Struments, markets, and practices in the interna­b�nal financial markets, and explains how Mexicanto �lnesses and financial intermediaries can use themoWer their financing costs. Also included is the first up-to-date English-Spanish/ espanol-ingles dic­tionary of international financial terminology.Herbert Stein, PhD'5S, An Illustrated Guide to theAmerican Economy (American Enterprise InstitutePress). This book presents basic facts about the Amer­ican economy in 106 declarative statements, each ex­plained in a page or less of text and illustrated bymulti-color charts.CRITICISMLinda P. Austern, PhD'S4, Music in English Chil­dren's Drama of the Later Renaissance (Gordon andBreach). This study examining Elizabethan andjaco­bean children's drama from a musicological perspec­tive also draws on the histories of literature, culture,and the theater. For example, children's companies ofthe time originated important features oflater drama,such as music before and between acts, and theThe cause of despair (see Criticism)exploitation of different timbres for specific effects.Carl Dolmetsch, PhD'57, "Our Famous Guest":Mark Twain in Vienna (University of Georgia Press).Arguing that many gaps remain in our knowledge ofMark Twain, the author asserts that the 20 monthsTwain spent with his family in Vienna, from Septem­ber lS97 to May lS99, reveal the great American hu­morist in a radically different light: the pessimismand despair that so colored Twain's outlook and writ­ing during his later years owe much to the intellectualcurrents he encountered in Vienna.Steven D. Hutchinson, AM'77, PhD'S5, CervantineJourneys (University of Wisconsin Press). Recogniz­ing that journey and movement are vital not only toCervantes' work but to much of world literature aswell, the author focuses initially on movement asconcept and metaphor, developing a theory of thejourney in relation to literature and discourse.EDUCATIONTeresa Ferster Glazier, AM'31, The Least You ShouldKnow About English (Harcourt, Brace, JovanovichCollege Publishers). This book provides simple exer- cises for students who have arrived at college lackingadequate writing skills.Robert L. McCaul, PhD'53, and Peter P. DeBoer,PhD'6S, Annotated List of Chicago Tribune Editorialson Elementary and Secondary Education in the U.S.,1852-1971 (Edwin Mellen Press). This book providesaccess to the local, state, and national problems andissues surrounding education in the United Statesover a 100-year span.FICTION AND POETRYSavkar Altinel, AB'76, Gece Ge<;ilen �ehirler(KorsayYayin). These 25 poems, in settings varying from ruralFrance to Chicago, deal with domestic life, rootless­ness, aging, and loss.Marie Halun Bloch, PhB'35, Footprints in the Swamp(Atheneum and McGraw-Hill). Written for eight- to12-year-olds, this story ofPosssum, an early ancestorof today's opossum, and her family tells what it mighthave been like for a small animal to live among thedinosaurs.Chidi Ukangwa Ebee Ikonne, AM'll, PhD'77, OurLand (Heinemann). Set in Ngwaland, in eastern Nige­ria, the author's third novel symbolizes the injusticein the marginalization of women all over the world.The central character is Ugadiya Ugomma, who isembroiled in a dispute with her two stepsons over herdesire to sell a piece of land she has inherited fromher mother-in-law.GAY fLESBIAN STUDIESDarrell Yates Rist, AM'76, Heartlands: A Gay Man'sOdyssey Across America (Dutton). Based on the au­thor's travels, in which he met men from every walkof life, Rist's book portrays homosexual men acrossthe United States as much more than the one­dimensional caricatures so often shown in popularculture.HISTORY fCURRENT EVENTSAudrey L. Altstadt, AM'77, PhD'S3, The AzerbaijaniTurks: Power and Identity under Russian Rule (HooverInstitution Press). As the first American to gain accessto the Azerbaijan State Historical Archives, Altstadtoffers insights into the Azerbaijani Turks' own per­spectives and internal differences, not simply the So­viet view of these fiercely nationalistic people.Stanton T. Friedman, SB'55, SM'56, Crash at Corona(Paragon House). This is the story of the U.S. govern­ment's alleged recovery of two crashed flying saucers-each accompanied by alien bodies-in New Mexicoin July 1947. Friedman describes what he calls thesuccessful efforts of the military establishment tocover up the story, partly by intimidating witnesses.Farley Grubb, AM'Sl, PhD'S4, Runaway Servants,Convicts, and Apprentices Advertised in the Pennsylva­nia Gazette 1728-1796 (Genealogical PublishingCo.). Thousands of ads for runaways were placed inthe Gazette, generally giving details not available inother immigration records, such as the individual'sphysical features, habits, and special circumstances.Thus the ads are a unique source of information onpeople who were not likely to leave much paperworkbehind.Harvey M. Karlen, AB'39, PhD'50, Chicago'SCrabgrass Communities: A History of the IndependentSurburbs and Their Post Offices That Became Part ofChicago (Collectors' Club of Chicago). This book ex­amines the social and postal history of some SO inde­pendent suburbs in the Chicago metropolitan area,including the factors that led to their annexation bythe city. .Edward T. Myers, SB'3S, Laura Pazder Myers, et al,Livingston County History (Curtis Media Corpora­tion). E. T. Myers contributed the chapter "Transpor-UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 45tation (Railroads Come to Livingston County, lll.)"and his wife, Laura, writes on 'The Mills (Water,Steam and Horse-Driven)."Ross B. Talbot, AM'49, PhD'53, The Four World FoodOrganizations in Rome (Iowa State University Press).This is the history of the Food and Agriculture Or­ganization, the World Food Program, the WorldFood Council, and the Fund fOT AgriculturalDevelopment.MEDICINE AND HEALTHElmer E. Cooper, SB'36, MD'39, Take A Deep Breath:InSight into a Medical Practice (Eakin Press). This col­lection of humorous and intriguing episodes frommedical training through practice, teaching, and re­search discusses interesting cases and reveals in­sights about doctors, patients, and paramedics.Jay P. Dawley, SM'48, A Gift of Sleep (Aegis Press).The author sets forth a means of achieving excellentsleep when going to bed or after waking during thenight.Laurence Finberg, SB'44, MD';1-6, Water and Electro­lytes, 2nd edition (WE. Saunders). Useful for pediat­ric residents, medical students, pediatricians, andprofessors, this book contains information on healthmatters relating to fluid and electrolyte physiology,pathophysiology, and therapy for infants and chil­dren. Included is a history of the field in text and atimeline appendix.Kerry]. Pataki-Schweizer, SB'60, with Susan Strati­gos and Philip]. Hughes, series editors, The Ethics ofDevelopment: justice and the Distribution of HealthCare (University of Papua New Guinea Press). Thiscollection of papers and commentary concerns therelation of health care and delivery in Papau NewGuinea to issues of ethics and justice for the devel­oping world. Many of the contributors are Papua NewGuineans who express themselves on questions con­cerning health and quality of life in the increasinglycomplex realities confronting Third World nations.Daniel Rosenblum, SB'62, MD'66, A Time to Hear; ATime to Help: Listening to People with Cancer (The FreePress). For those with cancer, the fear of being re­duced to a "cancer patient" is as great as, if not greaterthan, the fear of death itself. Rosenblum maintainsthat often the most comforting thing one can do issimply to listen as patients cope with the profoundemotions and concerns their illness brings forth.POLITICAL SCIENCE/LAWCharlotte Adelman, AB'59, JD'62, WBAl, The First75 Years (Turner Publishing Company). Illinois wasthe first state to ratify the 19th Amendment givingwomen the right to vote, but lagged behind the rest ofthe country in permitting women to sit on juries. TheWomen's Bar Association of Illinois, founded in1914, led the 20-year struggle to pass legislationgiving women this right.Howard WAllen, AB'54, AM'55, and Vincent A. la­cey, editors, Illinois Elections, 1818-1990: Candidatesand County Returns for President, Governor; and Houseof Representatives (Southern Illinois University Press).This history of Illinois election returns from the timeof statehood until 1990 includes the name of all par­ties or persons who polled at least one percent of thevote in president, gubernatorial, and congressionalraces.Steven]. Fiffer, JD'76, Hate on Trial: The CaseAgainst America's Most Dangerous Nee-Nazi (Villard).This book examines the lawsuit involving TomMetzger of the White Aryan Resistance.Harold P. Ford, PhD' 50, The Purposes andProblemsof National Intelligence Estimating, The Revised EdItion(University Press of America/Defense IntelligenceCollege). Building on David A. Brinkley and AndrewW Hull's work of the same title, Ford traces the evolu-46 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993The end of an era (see Arts and Letters)tion of national intelligence estimating, from the daysbefore Pearl Harbor to the post cold war era.William A. Geller, JD'75, and Michael S. Scott,Deadly Force: What We Know-A Practitioner's DeskReference on Police-Involved Shootings (The Police Ex­ecutive Research Forum). Intended for police offi­cials, civilian oversight agencies, policymakers, jour­nalists, community leaders, scholars, and trainers,this book provided access to hundreds of studies con­ducted over the past 30 years on police use of force,and assaults against officers.Robert G. Myers, PhD'67, The Twelve Who Survive:Strengthening Programmes of Early Childhood Develop­ment in the Third World (Routledge). Drawing on re­search from several disciplines and on numerousspecific program experiences in Asia, Africa, and Lat­in America as well as the United States and Europe,this "state of the practice" book presents an argumentfor increased investment in programs of early child­hood development that are focused on children whoare "at risk" and are "integral, participatory, and cul­turally sensitive."RELIGION/PHILOSOPHYElizabeth Bloch-Smith, AM'80, PhD'90, judahiteBurial Practices and Beliefs About the Dead (SheffieldAcademic Press). The author studied the archaeologi­cal remains ofIron Age (1200-586 Be) burials fromthe Southern Levant to identify Judahite burial prac­tices; this leads to a reinterpretation of biblical refer­ences to the dead in light of the archaeologicalevidence.H. Bryon Earhart, AM'60, DB'60, PhD'65, ReligiousTraditions of the World (HarperSanFrancisco). De­signed to help college students and general readersgain a quick overview of major religious traditions,this volume uses a common format to interpret eachtradition, focusing on when and how the tradition de­veloped, the unified system of its beliefs and rituals,and examples of its practice.Gerald R. McDermott, AB'74, One Holy and HappySociety: The Public Theology of jonathan Edwards(Pennsylvania State Press).Jonathan Edwards' schoolof disciples-the "New Divinity"-exerted enormous·influence on the religious and political cultures oflate colonial and early republican America. Yet mosthistorians regard his social theory as either nonexist­ent or underdeveloped. McDermott argues that Edwards' sociopolitical theory was at least as fully de­veloped as that of better-known contemporaries­and more progressive in its attitude towards citizens'rights.James A. Montmarquet, AM'73, PhD'78, EpistemiCVirtue and Doxastic Responsibility (Rowman and lit­tlefield). This study of the "ethics of belief' defends aview of responsibility for belief as based not on our re­sponsibility for action, but on our exhibition of cer­tain traits of intellectualcharacterJohn A. Murley, Robert L. Stone,JD'82, PhD'86, andWilliam T. Braithwaite, X'69, editors, Law and PhiloS­ophy: The Practice of Theory : Essays in Honor of GeorgeAnastaplo (Ohio University Press). This festschrift forGeorge Anastaplo, AB'48,jD'51, PhD'64, professor oflaw at Loyola University, professor emeritus at RosaryCollege, and a lecturer in the Basic Program at the U ofC, includes essays by: Laurence Berns, AB'50,PhD'57; Hellmut Fritzsche, professor of physiCS;Larry Arnhart, AM'73, PhD'77; Roger D. Masters,AM'58, PhD'61; Keith S. Cleveland, AB'64, AM'69,JD'79; Paul Eidelberg, AM'57, PhD'66; David L·Schaefer, AM'67, PhD'll; Frederick Vaughan, AM'64,PhD'67; Gary D. Glenn, AM'63, PhD'69; AWIlAdkins, professor of classical languages &: literatures,New Testament &: Early Christian literature, and phi­losophy; Walter Nicgorski, AM'62, PhD'66; John A·Gueguen, PhD'70; Hilail Gildin, PhD'62; Leonard ItSorenson, AM'75, PhD'82; Mary Pollingue Nichols,PhD'75; Christopher Colmo, AM'73, PhD'79; LaW­renee Z. Freedman, professor of psychiatry; Harry M·Neumann, AM'54; the late Harry Kalven, Jr., AB'35,JD'38, professoroflaw; C. Herman Pritchett, PhD'31;Malcolm Sharp, AM'76; Elmer Gertz, PhB'28,jD'30;Andrew Patner, X'81; and Maurice F.X. Donohue,X'52.Peter H. Van Ness, AM'77, PhD'83, Spirituality, Di­version, and Decadence: The Contemporary Predica­ment (State University of New York Press). This bookpresents a philosophical rethinking of the meaningand nature of spiritual discipline and offers a new wayof describing and justifying practices like praying,meditating, fasting, and yoga. The author re��Il11mends spiritual discipline as a means of pohtlcaresistance to powerful institutions which seek toexercise social control by promulgating addictivepatterns of consumption.SCIENCE AND TECBNOLOOfJamesJubak, AB'72, In the Image of the Brain: B�eak�ing the Barrier Between the Human Mind and IntelhgertMachines (Little, Brown &: Company). Why is thethree- pound brain so much more powerful than eve�a roomful of computers? Jubak surveys current warby computer scientists and neurobiologists tryin� tounravel the secrets of human intelligence and, usJilgthose secrets, to build a new kind of computer.SOCIAL SCIENCESRobert Baron, AB'72, and Nicholas R. Spitzer, ed�tors, Public Folklore (Smithsonian Institution Press·This collection of essays examines the public preseo:tation and application of folk traditions in a wide ;Sriety of settings, ranging from 19th-century worlhefairs and minstrel shows tosuch modern arenas as tdconcert stage, cultural exchanges, universities, a�J1hospitals. Contributors include Richard l(ur1'AM'74, PhD'81, and Frank Proschan, X'74. M.Laura Eisenberg Berk, AM'67, PhD'69, and RtoDiaz, editors, Private Speech: From Social InteraCtlort.oSelf-Regulation (Lawrence Erlbaum). The chapterS.letthis volume are based on the theories of the so� hdevelopmental psychologist Lev SemanoV1CVygotsky. hil-Laura EisenbergBerk,AM'67, PhD'69, Infants, Cokdren, and Adolescents (Allyn and Bacon). This bOCombines a strong research base with theories aboutteaching child development through stories and vig­nettes about children and their families.David R. Krathwohl, SB'43, AM'47, PhD'53, Meth­ods of Educational and Social Science Research: An Inte­grated Approach (Longman). Emphasizing how re­search findings become knowledge, this book derivesa universal prototypical model of how findings arepresented, as well as the criteria by which researchStudies should be judged. The author considers thecomplex nature of causation and describes conceptu­al analysis and common research methods.Barbara Bloom Lloyd, AB'53, and Gerard Duveen,editors, Social Representations and the Development of1(nowledge (Cambridge University Press). The editorsIntroduce Moscovici's theory of social representa­tiOns-describing the structuring of social life and�Ommunicative codes in terms of values, ideas, be­lefs, and practices-and propose a framework within':hich to consider change. Developmental perspec­tives are explored in individual chapters examiningnursery school life, gender, social divisions in society,Itnages of childhood, emotion, intelligence, and psy­�ology, and are drawn together in a final chapter byoscovici.I Barbara Bloom Lloyd, AB'53, and Gerard Duveen,(den tItles and Education: The Impact of Starting Schoolul-!.arvester/Wheatsheaf, ux., and St. Martin's Press,.S.). This study of the impact of formal educationuPon the gender identities of children which were es­tablished in family settings is based on observationsand interviews in first-year classes in four English pri­tnary schools.Christine Marlow, AM'79, PhD'83, Research Meth­?ds for Generalist Social Work (Brooksl Cole Publish­Ing). Linking each step in the research process tocomparable steps in generalist practice, this book�ses many social work practice examples to help stu-ents understand research from both a "consumer"and "producer" perspective.(ul'�omas S. Smith, AM'65, PhD'68, Strong InteractionnlVersity of Chicago Press). Instability, transfer­ence, and the body-these three ingredients of social��teraction link the arguments Smith proposes to re­d ape the theory of social systems. In attempts to un­s.erStand the larger social order, sociologists empha­Size the stabilizing function of social interaction.a tnlth contends that this view excludes an importanti sPeCt of social life-the disorder, explosiveness, andt�stab.ility inherent in strong interactions, such as�se Involving passion and powerB tUce Beyer Williams, AM'70, PhD'75, Excavations1(etween Abu Simbel and the Sudan Frontier, Part 6: NewQ_zngdom Remains from Cemeteries R, V, K, S, and Watthl.l.stul and Adindan (Oriental Institute Press). Duringt e New Kingdom, Nubia was more closely tied to()rYt t�an in any other period of its history. For muchpt. at time, Nubia was quite prosperous and its pros­l;�tY Was reflected in Egyptian-influenced burials.l>h��ded is a chapter by William]. Murnane, AM'68,ted 73, on the inscribed stone fragments, notably aS sandstone stela of one Sa-Ibshek.l'h.hue Tuck Wong, PhD'68, editor, Person, Place and19zng (Geoscience Publications). This collection ofdi Onginal essays written by leading American, Cana­li;�' and European geographers is dedicated to Phi­atJ.d . Wag.ner, a U of C professor from 1955 to 1960,A.c a leadmg figure in geography for the past 40 years.atJ.�ording to Wong, "students of cultural, historicalWill �Uman geography and scholars of cognate fieldstie lnd much in this volume to reconfirm old affini-s and provoke new perspectives."t:()r'the InclUsion in "Books by Alumni," please senda shname of the book, its author, its publisher, andof c��t synopsis to the Books Editor, UniversityCh' l(ago MagaZine, 5757 S. Woodlawn Ave.,ICago, IL 60637. Olher VoicesContinued from page 48while I felt that insoluble problems were justthe normal state of public affairs-that youonly solve a problem when the situationchanges so that a new insoluble set of prob­lems arises to preempt concern. Thus mydisinterest in their solution. I'm sure Isounded cynical and illogical. They soundednaive. We simply didn't talk to one another,we didn't listen.In fact, I still did not completely relate tothese atomic scientists' almost apocalypticconcern over the danger of nuclear war-thefeeling that everything we knew could disap­pear. That landmark in my consciousnessdid not occur until the Cuban missile crisis,when my wife and I built a refuge room in thebasement of our home, with food, flashlights,a radio, blankets. Not expecting to survive,mind you. But still, if you could gain a few ex­tra hours, why not? The room stayed there fora number of years. When we finally disman­tled it, it seemed very quaint. But we reallyhad that sense, my wife and I, that the endof everything we'd known was conceivablevery soon.When the end didn't happen, and relationsbetween the Russians and Americans be­came more relaxed, my initial ignorance andthen our fear turned into a kind of deafness, adetachment from fear. This remainedthrough all the later scares: the Russian navalbuildup, after their defeat in Cuba; Mr.Reagan's U.S. buildup of Star Wars. Some­how, we became used to the cold war. Thearms race had created a political structurethat seemed more or less stable, and present­ly other issues took precedence: Vietnam,race relations at home, and so on. Hence I lis­tened to the whole apocalyptic discourseabout the threat of atomic winter-the de­struction of all forms of life-with a kind ofskepticism that became habit.Such skeptism was not, I confess, the bestpreparation for confronting the amazingchanges of the last few years, and the new re­alities of multiple warheads under quite un­stable political and military management inparts of the world. The arrangement of inter­national affairs that we adjusted to during thecold war is over. Now we are adrift again, andany optimism that nuclear threats betweenstates is over seems questionable. Becauseone alignment has broken down does notmean that new alignments, equally threaten­ing to the public peace, cannot arise veryquickly-as happened after the SecondWorld War.Although there are new possibilities for theinternational policing of nuclear weapons, historical parallels are not particularly reas­suring. I still subscribe to a proposition,made in The Pursuit of Power, that the poten­tial for an arms race seems inherent in themultiplicity of states. There are always po­tential rivals, and when a particular align­ment of states-"us" against "them"-breaksdown because the "them" somehow disinte­grates or weakens, the "us" tends to breakapart into its parts. Hence every successful al­liance breaks up. As long as there have beenrival states, that's the way interstate politicshas been.A global sovereign power, willing and ableto enforce a monopoly of atomic weapons,could afford to disband research teams anddismantle all but a token number of war­heads. Nothing less radical than this seemslikely to suffice. But the cost of world sover­eignty is extremely high. It would, indeed,mean the abolition of the United States aswe've known it, just as Mr. Adler said in 1947.And it would almost surely mean the end ofdemocratic government. The question iswhether it is worth the cost.That, it seems to me, is the insoluble prob­lem, not only of our time, but also of the 21stcentury. Perhaps there is some path of inter­national agreement-the escape those scien­tists hoped for in 1945-but the powers ofreason and good will in human affairs arevery limited, however powerful they may bein technology. I don't think those limitationsare reasons for not trying. And certainly,there's no better time than now to rememberthe past efforts of the guilt-ridden atomic sci­entists, and to think again about what theysaid and did when the bomb was new.Now is not the time to listen with half anear; to draw back into retreat. We have beforeus as uncertain and open-ended a situationas existed in 1945. How the new alliance ofstates and the relationship of states to theUnited Nations and other international bod­ies will redefine itself in the next few years islikely to be-just as was the post-war era-acritical turning point, whose exact characterwill be defined by human hopes and fears,shaped at heart in part by knowledge aboutthe magnitude of nuclear reactions-aknowledge and understanding I lacked in1949 and have since acquired imperfectly,slowly, and reluctantly.Historian William H. McNeill, AB'38, AM'39,is the Robert A. Millikan distinguished serviceprofessor emeritus at the University. This arti­cle is adapted from a talk given at a December.symposium on "The Proliferation of NuclearWeapons: Past, Present, and Future," o.rga­ntzed by the Albert Einstein Peace Prize Foun­dation and the Midwest Center of the Ameri­can Academy of Arts and Sdences.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993 47Living inthe Shadowof the BombBy William H. McNeillALTHOUGH IT IS HUMBLING TO DO SO,I must admit, some 50 y.ears afterthe fact, that the dawning of thenuclear age did not at first haveany profound personal effect on me. In thatrespect, I was probably typical of most Amer­icans. The bombings of Nagasaki andHiroshima that ended the Second World Warwere viewed by the public at large with asense of accomplishment we had ended thewar more rapidly than we'd expected. Thereal horror of those bombings didn't comehome to me until I read John Hersey's bookHiroshima several years later.I contrast my response to the attitude of thescientists whose work directly led to the cre­ation of those bombs-many of whom re­mained at the University of Chicago campusafter the war. There was among those scien­tists a grave sense of responsibility-and alsoof guilt-for what had happened in Japan,which translated into a desire to educate thepublic on the dangers of atomic weapons andthe need to control those weapons throughinternational agreement. This attitude couldbe summarized by a quote from an article,written by John Simpson and two otheryoung scientists, which appeared in the19 October 1945 issue ofUJe magazine: 'Theonly real alternative to a headlong race to­ward complete destruction of our presentcivilization appears to be the establishmentof effective international control of the pro­duction of atomic bombs everywhere. Notonly must the bombs be ou.tlawed by interna­tional agreement but an authority must beestablished capable of controlling the way inwhich individual nations are carrying outthis covenant."48 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FEBRUARY 1993Fifty years after it beganat Chicago with the firstself-sustaining nuclearreaction, coming to termswith the atomic agecontinues to demandattention.Give up the bomb to save humankind-thatwas pretty heady stuff in 1945. Soon after­wards, the Bulletin oj Atomic Scientists wasset up in Hyde Park as the medium for dis­course on this subject. Outside the circle ofatomic scientists, a few people on the U of Ccampus became very involved in the cause,drafting legislation to set up an Atomic Ener­gy Commission that would draw atomic en­ergy away from the control of the military.Simultaneously, U of C President RobertMaynard Hutchins chaired a committee toframe a new world constitution andpublished the deliberations of his committeein September 1947. The tone of those delib­erations was provocatively reflected in Mor­timer Adler's remark, quickly picked up bythe press, "We must do everything we can toabolish the United States."Having arrived back on campus in 1947, Ilearned about most of these activities after the fact. I felt that the alarm being voiced,however sincere, was somehow exaggerated.In trying to reconstruct now why I was so lit­tle moved, I think one factor is that I hadgrown up in the late 1930s, when predictionsthat another war would end civilization-­and that London and Paris would be bombedout of existence within 24 hours after theoutbreak of war-were widespread. And, ofcourse, the war had come and that hadn'thappened. So when my scientific colleaguessaid the destruction of our present civiliza­tion appeared to be imminent, I had heard itbefore, and it didn't ring very true.My opinion shifted only gradually-withthe emergence of what appeared to be an ag­gressive Soviet Union, the victory of theCommunist party in China, and the begin­nings of the Korean War. A real landmark wasnews of the first nuclear explosion by the So­viet Union. Then came the first experimentalexplosion of the hydrogen bomb by the Unit­ed States in 1952, followed quickly by the So­viets in 1953. The sense that the RussianSwere as "good" as we were, and more threat­ening than we were, was really driven horneby the 1957 launching of Sputnik, whichmade the United States vulnerable to thethreat of nuclear attack in a way that it hadn'tbeen previously. Before, there was an ocean'sdistance between us and our enemies. NoW,if they could put Sputnik in the skies, clearly itwould be possible to drop a nuclear warheadupon us more or less at will.Not very long after Sputnik, Harold Urey""­the Nobel Prize-winning University of Chi­cago chemist who had worked on the Man­hattan Project=hosted an evening in hiSHyde Park home to discuss how the loomingthreat of nuclear war with the Soviets couldbe prevented. As I had just published a booKon Allied relations in the Second World Waf,I presume I was invited as an expert on intef-national relations. The scientists wanted tiknow what I thought of their notion, that 1you could put the rulers of Russia in Wash­ington, D.C., and the U.S. president in MOSfcow, then you could prevent the launching aa nuclear attack-because the command toattack would have to come from the placewhich would be on the receiving end. It wasan ingenious idea that had a kind of Alicein Wonderland quality, at least to me. BO�could its proponents believe that the leadersof these respective governments could maio-tain political legitimacy across 10,000 mileS,when their followers back home would clear­ly regard them as hostages? "The scientists, however, were "can dotypes, quite unwilling to live with insolubleproblems. They spent their lives solviogsolvable problems of a technological natUre,Continued on page 41(I OF CHICAGOClass Celebrations for Quinquennial College Years and Selected Classes of the GSB and SSAAlumni College Day • Alumni Class Day • Uncommon CoreLunch with Selected Faculty • Family Barbecue • Cavalcade of Classes • Alumni AssemblyPicnic on the Qua s· Big Band Dance • Chicago Skyline CruiseTHE"ALUMNI �SSOCIATIONFor more information about Reun n 1993, please call 312-702-4456 or write the University ofChicago Alumni Association, Robi House, 5757 South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.Reunion1993 June 4·�THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERobie House, 5757 Woodlawn AvenueChicago, IL 60637ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED