THcluNIVERSITY OF��.�'V£RS_nY OF CHICAGO UBRARY.JUL 1 6 199216222834 FEATURESGlass ceilings in the ivory towerAlthough more women attend college and universities thanever before, the percentage of women who reach the top-as full professors, deans, or presidents-remainsstubbornly low.TIM OBERMILLERStudents with a pastThey're smart. They're studious. They're sOcially committed.They're the College's centennial class.DEBRA LADESTROPostcards from the quadsThe American picture postcard was born in Chicago, wherea surprising number of cards featured the University-inposes that are still familiar. 'NEIL HARRISFound in the translationStudying the folktales of his native India, A. K. Ramanujanhonors the human impulse to tell, and retell, stories.JAMIE KALVENCover: Members of the Class of 1992 (see page 22) take theirsartorial cue from the styles of 1892; clockwise from bottom: .Juliana Hong, Betty Ng, Patrick Phillips, Patrick Marshall,and Suzanne O. Ryan. Thanks to Art's Cycle, the U ofCBookstore, and Thomas Weingartner, director of Athletics.Opposite: the graduating quintet in more contemporarydress. Photographs by Matthew Gilson. Page 282 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 Editors NotesOVERHEARD ONE BREEZY AFTERnoon this spring, as two young menwalked northeast past the flagpoleon the central quad: "That was, like, the bestroommate-to-bathroom ratio I've ever had.""Eavesdroppers," Rhett Butler observed ashe emerged from the shelter of an antebellumsofa, after witnessing a stormy scene betweenScarlett O'Hara and Ashley Wilkes, "oftenhear highly entertaining and instructivethings." Eavesdroppers who spend their dayson or near the U of C campus are likely to beentertained, instructed-and tantalized.Often, you'll come up behind two scholarsdeep in animated discussion, eyes locked,hands signing an accompaniment to theirwords-only to discover that their argument isbeing conducted in one of the many languages(or techno-jargons) you don't have. Still,enough conversations take place in everydayEnglish to provide even the most linguistically impaired listener-in with what can be seenas the fast-food equivalent of yesterday's greatliterary and political salons: quick soundbites caught on the run.One meteorological note: contrary to whatyou might expect, the best weather foreavesdropping is not on those few and farbetween perfect days of spring. Yes, you canspot a silver-haired, tweed-jacketed professorpedaling his red three-speed down UniversityAvenue-hands perched on hips, not handlebars-but the blue-skies conversational pickings are slim, given mostly to variations on,"Can you believe this weather?" Followed,naturally enough, by the flat pessimism ofexperience, "It won't last."For the curious, here's some of what's beingoverheard in Hyde Park these days:• Walking toward the lake on 57th Street, anacademic in the midst of home renovationsgives his colleague a mini-course on drywalling. "It's a cross, " he begins, "between an artand a science. "• In the minutes before the start of a lecturein the Max Palevsky auditorium, one graduate student complains to another, "I readabout a study that says the average time it takesto earn a Ph.D. is eight to ten years." "Thetime doesn't bother me, " comes the response,"as much as the fact that when you get out,you don't know what you're going to be."• Waiting for a light to change at the corner of Woodlawn, a dark-haired woman asks hercompanions, "Is he really the way he seemsstriving and striving?" "Yes," comes the answer as the light turns green.• Two business-suited professors stridebriskly toward the Quadrangle Club at noon,one animadverting on the techniques employed by contemporary journalists. "But academics," his sidekick points out, "use someof those same techniques." The first speakerputs a warning finger to his lips: "Ssshh!"Blowing Our Own BornTHE MAGAZINE'S EDITORS ARE IMMODestly pleased to announce that, in theannual competition sponsored by theCouncil for the Advancement and Support ofEducation (CASE), the University of'Chicas''Magazine received a gold award for excellence in staff writing (the other alumni magazines receiving golds were Johns HopkinsMedical News, Brown Alumni Monthly, andNotre Dame Magazine). The judges partiCUlarly praised managing editor Tim Obermi�ler's June/91 story on the University's phys_Ical facilities staff ("Behind the GothICFacade") and our October/91 timeline, "100Years in the Life of a University."Two stories in our February 192 issue weresingled out for "Best Article ofthe Year" honors: associate editor Debra Ladestro's s�o�on Japanese literature scholar Norma Flel("In the Land of Chrysanthemums") won asilver award in that category, while freelancewriter Joe Levine's profile of journalist Cla�a)Hemphill, AB'74, ("Hemphill, City Deskgarnered a bronze. And, to round out t��awards, our October/91 issue was honored Ithe special-issues category with a silV�award. For those of us-including Tim, adirector Allen Carroll, and then-editorial assistant Jane Chapman Martin, AM'90-�bospent last summer preparing the "Lookl�gBack" section celebrating the Centennial, t eaward was indeed "special."-M.R. Y.In April's "Books by Alumni," we neglecte�to give the University affiliation of one ofth feditors of Fundamentalism Observed (D �tC Press). Both Martin Marty and R. SC�yAppleby hold Chicago doctorates-.Nfaearned his in 1956; Appleby, in 1985.LettersSbuple truthsI feel fortunate indeed that I was acquainted with two persons featured inyour April/92, issue- Malcolm Sharp("The Ideas of the University") and ClydeBart ("Tuned In").As an undergraduate of the University ofWisconsin's famous experimental college, IstUdied under Professor Sharp, about whom Istill remember: a) his reputation as an eminent scholar of Proust, b) his students' assessrnem that" Sharp is sharp, " and c) his reply toa stUdent questioner that "things are not alWays as simple as they seem-frequently theyare much simpler."Mr. Hart and I met in wartime Washington,Where we discovered that we were fellowIowans. As workers in the Office of Price Adl11inistration, we often had deep discussionson the origins and purposes of the National�pinion Research Center (NORC). My mostVIvid recollection of Clyde was the day afterthe great upset victory of Harry S Truman. Icalled from my downtown office to chivvy;IYde about the polling business, which hadeen uniformly wrong about the electionOUtcome."Not at all, " he replied, and then disclosed a�ecret. In the summer of 1948, NORC's regutr Polling staff reported an election victoryOr President Truman. Surprised and concerned that such a forecast in the face of overWhelming expert predictions to the contraryCOuld seriously damage the prestige of NORCas .a professional survey organization, they�UIetly buried the survey results. What a plumat could have been!SYD KASPER, PHB'33SILVER SPRING, MARYLAND'he best of both worldsr he article on Norma Field ["Inthe Land of Chrysanthemums,"t February/92] reinforces the stereo�pe. Americans often have that Japanese socif Y IS "oppressive" and denies "individualp�ee.dom." This may be how it appears to peou �.Immersed in Western ideas about individt; ISm, but the view is, in fact, one-sided andrn. e Japanese themselves don't necessarily seeatters that way.The flip side is a society with a high degree of civility, in which most people feel relatively secure and remain unthreatened by many ofthe severe social problems found in the UnitedStates. Perhaps Japanese arrive at the opposite stereotype when they visit the U. S. andwonder how so much crime, violence, drugs,homelessness, functional illiteracy, divorce,corporate greed, and poverty can be toleratedin the name of "individual freedom."American individualism originally meantself-reliance, not self-indulgence, and Japanese harmony in the best sense of the wordmeans cooperation, not mere conformity. Instead of the current bickering and bashing between the two countries, we should be tryingto find new ways of working and living together by focusing on the best values each culturehas to offer. The positive values of selfreliance and cooperation are more complementary than they are contradictory.RICHARD]. EVANOFF, AM'80TOKYOTo publish or not to publishThe following letters were written in responseto the "Editors Notes" in the April/92 issue.God help the Republic if the University of Chicago has succumbed to Political Correctness. Of course youshould have published the letter commentingon the Gay and Lesbian Fortnight report."Personal epithets" are just that-epithets directed toward persons-and I do not see thatyour correspondent did so. As for" academicetiquette," I have lived for thirty-five years inan academic setting and was unaware untilnow of its existence, unless of course this is anewly minted term for Academic PoliticalCorrectness.MARY S. KNIGHTCOLLEGE PARK, MARYLANDSeventeen cheers for your "Editor'sNotes" in the April issue! Completelysatisfying both in values expressed andideas expressed. And 27 cheers for BenFranklin, who went through the same stagesof the same dilemma and described the dilemma so compellingly.EDITH BJORNSON, AB' 43PORT WASHINGTON, NEW YORK My impression is that this laudablepolicy was not followed when persons who wanted to use your magazine to protest the University's refusal to divest of investments in South Africa andN ambia were denied adequate space fortheir views.WILLIAM JOSEPHSON, AB'52NEW YORKPrivate practice pioneeringAs a 1968 graduate of SSA, I am one ofthose few social workers, referred toby Debra Ladestro in the April/92 issue ('� New Breed of Social Worker?" page27), who has practiced full time in the privatesector for 21 of the past 24 years.Although I have expanded my therapeuticframework and learned many new psychotherapeutic skills since my days at SSA, Ido not believe I have either sold out or givenup my traditional social work values. Theconcepts of basic human needs, respecting thedignity of each person, meeting the clientwhere he/she is, and the belief that the therapeutic relationship is the medium of change,have all been at the foundation of my practice.I learned these concepts at SSA from peoplelike Bernice Simon, AB'26, AM'47; Margaret Keeney Rosenheim, JD'49; HelenHarris Perlman; and Blanche Horowitz.As a pioneer in private practice, I am oftenasked why I feel I have been successful. Inlarge part it is the solid foundation of ethics,values, and a sense of professionalism I received while at SSA. Confronting violenceand inequality in marital and family relationships, as well as struggling with individualsand couples around issues of gender, class,and culture, stem from this foundation.Above all, I believe I learned to be an advocatefor my clients, a process which occurs directly in the therapeutic setting of my office, indealing with the emerging complexity ofmanaged care, and in confronting issues of diagnosis with insurance companies.In the 70s I used my skills to help begin awife abuse shelter and a rape crisis program. Icontinue to volunteer as a consultant for theabused women's shelter and serve on theboard of Family Service Memphis. Privatepractitioners can and do give back to the community, as well as provide pro bona work. Ihave recently been appointed to a five-yearterm on our state board of social work licensure where I call upon the basic values I learned at SSA to help me deal with ethical, legal,and competency issues facing the board as wemeet the challenge of regulating the independent practice of social work.I am one of those private practitioners who,if! were to do it over, would not get a doctoratein psychology, or attend a different program.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 3My SSA experience has been an invaluablepart of my competency.BETSY BLINKOFF MANDEL-CARLEY, AM'68MEMPHIS, TENNESSEETypical voices?Certain aspects of the letter, ''Addinggay and lesbian voices," which wasreprinted in the April/92 "Letters"section, proved to be disturbing to me and Ifeel compelled to respond.I find nothing wrong with your decision topublish the letter, for in many ways it was informative. Your heading, "Adding gay andlesbian voices," was neutral enough anddid not necessarily imply an endorsementof the position expressed. Rather it was theviewpoint in the letter itself that caught myattention and which has a number oframifications.First of all, I'm for freedom of expression,and I abhor intimidation, harassing, "gaybashing," etc. But many homosexuals havemoved beyond demanding individual freedom and respect and have become increasingly assertive and even aggressive, expectingrecognition as groups on a par with thosewithin the traditional value systems. As thepush intensifies it should not be surprisingthat resistance would grow as well.There are several methods employed toachieve this goal. One is to portray homosexuality as equally natural and valid as comparedto heterosexuality. This includes the formation of such groups as the announced University of Chicago Gay and Lesbian Alumni Association, where those of like orientation canfeel at home and draw reinforcement fromeach other. Another fosters the belief thatmore and more people are coming to accepthomosexuality-so that perhaps the point hasbeen reached where most of us would agree.Is this implied in the statement submitted bythose who are adding gay and lesbian voices?The letter reads, "We are, in other words, typical U of C graduates." To be typical means tobe representative and implies a majority or atleast close to half. While in fact this may benonsense, it can be. a persuasive argumentand, if unchallenged, assumed by many to betrue. Good tactics.Have the proponents of homosexuality considered what kind of family and social structure there would be if their desideratum werepushed to the point of universal acceptance?Where would children fit into the scheme?This is no laughing matter.What should the attitude of a top institutionof learning like the U of C be toward this matter? If the reported funding of a "gay and lesbian studies workshop" by the University is inthe spirit of study and a wider understandingof the phenomenon, then I applaud the4 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 move. If, on the other hand, the University isknowingly or unwittingly encouraging thehomosexual movement, then it is strayingfrom a position of objectivity in research.This would be a deplorable shift. I trust thisis not so.HERBERT R. PANKRATZ, AB'39, AM'40POMPANO BEACH, FLORIDANORe and women's workThank you for the fascinating April issue. I do, however, have several questions about the article, "Tuned In,"which, on page 21, portrays life's work in 19categories, two of which portray "traditional" women's fields-elementary teaching andsecretary. What about nursing and cosmetology? Perhaps you have done a study about thenumber of women in non-traditional fieldsand how the life work of women is changing-or is it? Additionally, did NORC repay theU of C loan of the 1960s?I think the illustrations by Allen Carroll aregreat, and I also enjoyed using the U of CCentennial postcard.CORA LAWRENCE, SB'47SEATTLE, WASHINGTONNORC Director Norman Bradburn, AB '52,responds: Yes, we did repay the loan with interest-in two years I think.We haven't done any surveys specifically onwomen in non-traditional fields, although wedid do a big study of women college graduatesin 1964 (a follow-up of a survey of the graduating class of 1961); Alice Rossi has writtenabout it. We have done some studies sincethen that are relevant, but none directly on thetopic.Anyone interested in getting references tothe center's publications can contact us abouta 50th anniversary bibliography we are currently preparing: please write Patrick Bova,Librarian, NORC, 1155 E. 60th St., Chicago,IL60637.Shipping outI have always considered the U ofC to be atruly international school. Indeed, Icame to Chicago from the U.K. and metmany foreign students during my studies atthe GSB. I now reside in Australia.I was quite surprised, therefore, to discoverthat the U of C Bookstore is only able to mailitems to continental U.S. and Canada. Fortunately, I have U.S.-based classmates who arewilling to forward my mail. Other institutions Ihave attended do not seem to have this mailingrestriction-e.g., the London School of Economics. So, Chicago, what's the problem?PETER W. BAKER, MBA'75SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA Dennis Marich, manager of the Bookstore'sgifts department and central receiving, responds: Most people are probably under theillusion that we ship only to the the continentalU. S. and Canada because that's all we list withpricing in our gift catalog.However, we can and do ship many items tooverseas addresses-but only upon request,due to customs and shipping rules and regular tions. Pricing for overseas is not listed in ourcatalog due to the fluctuation of shippingcosts.Anyone interested in shipping items overseas should contact the Bookstore at 970E. 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, 312/702-2584.Here's Storr!"Where's Storr?" was the questionasked in the February/92 Magazine's "Letters" section aboutthe failure to mention Richard Storr's 1966University of Chicago history, Harper's University (U of C Press). Ui> were pleased thatMr. Storr himself chose to answer thatquestion:I'm in Toronto andjust a few days ago talkedabout William Rainey Harper to a class of undergraduates at Glendon College, York University. But of course your question is reallyabout a book, Harper's University. Please allow me to expand the headline you gave to theletter by my friend and colleague, MurraYRoss, X'39: where does the early history ofthe University stand in the thinking that members of its community are doing under the inspiration of the current celebrations? I askthat with the particular conviction that whatthe past means to a university community h�Sa direct and critical effect upon the shape 1ttries to give the university in the present andfor the future.At the University of Chicago, what mattershistorically is understanding not only the specific events we associate with its founding an�early years, but also the wider context 0university-building during the latter half ofthe 19th century.With that in mind, I take the liberty of reCommending four historical works. Two werepublished by the Press, and two were writt�nby historians with Ph. D. degrees from the h1story department. The title of Laurence �.Versey's The Emergence of the American University (1965) sums up the primary reason f�rthinking that what happened at the U of C 1�highly significant in American history_notbecause of the factually vulnerable claim th�. "InChicago was the first "research univerSItythe U.S. (what of Johns Hopkins or Yale�where Harper earned his Ph.D. degree?) b:erather because of the contribution that tUniversity made, in many ways, to the Amer-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOFOUNDED BY'JOHN D, ROCKEFELLERTHE BOARD OF TRUSTEES5801 ELLIS AVENUE' CHICAGO' ILLINOIS 60637Chairman of the BoardHOWARD G. KRANE200 EAST RANDOLPH DRIVESUITE 5500CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60601( 3 1 2) 8 6 1 - 2"0 2 0 April 30, 1992To the Alumni of The University of Chicago:At the meeting of the Board of Trustees on April 11, 1992, Mrs. Grayannounced that she would retire as President of the University on June 30, 1993.Consequently, I have appointed a committee of Trustees to recommend a nomineeto become President of the University next year. At the same time, the Council ofthe University Senate has been asked to elect a Faculty committee to advise the newTrustee committee. That process should be completed in the next several weeks.Mrs. Gray has been an outstanding and distinguished President and theTrustees are very grateful to her for her splendid leadership. Now the time hascome for us to perform the most important task Trustees have: choose a newPresident.The alumni of the University have a special opportunity and obligationat this time. This is the occasion when we give tangible expression to the pride wehave in this institution and the concern we share for it. You have a different andvaluable understanding of the University, from your membership in it and from yourexperience of the world outside it.We need your help and advice, and I ask you to please write me withyour suggestions about who might be the best President of the University as wehead into our second century. We want your help. Please send your letter to me c/oSecretary of the Board, Room 501, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637.Thank you for your concern and assistance .. �UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 5SAVE THESE DATESSaturday, September 19, 1992International University of Chicago Dayin a community near you!Send off the students of the first entering class ofthe Second Century.Saturday, October 3, 1992Chicago's Gala Centennial Dinner Danceat the Fairmont Hotel,an elegant evening to close the Centennial year.Monday, October 5, 1992Celebrate the Second Century withmusic, a party, and fireworks atRockefeller Memorial Chapel, Ida Noyes, and The Quads.Watch for further details or call the Alumni Associationat 3121702-2150 for information.6 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 ican meaning of the word "university." Additionally, the whole context of early Chicagohistory is covered by American Higher Education-A Documentary History (1961), edited by Richard Hofstadter and Wilson Smith.The relevance of From Evangelicalism toProgressivism at Oberlin College, 1866-1917(1969)-written by V. John Barnard, AM'57,PhD'64, (originally as his dissertation)-to,an understanding of the moral and intellectualuniverse in which the U ofC was created is apparent in its title. Clark University 1887-1987-A Narrative History (1987) by William A.Koelsch, PhD'66, presents a scholarly account of the conditions surrounding the exodus of Clark professors to Chicago. Friends ofthe latter university have much less reason fortaking delight in what once may have seemeda brilliant raid than for looking again, withpangs of retrospective anxiety, at the possibility of trouble inherent in ambitious universitybuilding. The University of Chicago itselfcould have been seriously crippled a dozenyears after it opened in a situation that one ofthe founder's associates described as "perilous in the extreme. "What is at stake here has been brought hometo me strongly, at first hand, since I joined theYork faculty in 1968. York was a new university in the 1960s, much as Chicago was about ahalf century earlier; as the first president ofYork, Murray Ross was Harper's counterpart,both in office and in a commitment touniversity-wide innovation. Members of theYork community shared that commitmentwhole-heartedly, joyously; we were inspiredto hope that the university could be called newnot only in point of its recent incorporationbut also because it embodied a new dispensation in university life. In new, ambitioUS,highly innovative universities, it is easy-withsome basis in fact-for everybody to thinkand sometimes to say out loud: we are the firstto launch program X, or have the most livel7faculty in field Y, or stand out as the best untversity of the lot-including ancient Z. sutlooking back at York's short history and atChicago's century of life persuades me thatthe fundamental reason for studying academic history is not to award gold medals for win-. atners of Firsts, Mosts, or Bests, but to arflve,the fullest possible understanding of what v�tality in academic inquiry is, what academl�innovation requires for lasting success, anhow the intellectual energy we may think to ,belimitless in a new university can be maIntained, even generated anew, as universitiesgrow older. How do we establish what is, I b�lieve, a necessary condition of vital groWdespite the passage of years, a constantly e�amined tradition of innovation in which inqUIry is designed to serve the university itself?RICHARD J. STORRWILLOWDALE, ONTARIO, CANADACzech for BenesI am preparing a biography of Dr. EduardBenes, the Czechoslovak president(1935-38, 1945-48) who spent aboutfive months between February and July 1939as a Charles R. Walgreen visiting professor atthe University of Chicago.One source of information I wish to incorporate are personal reminiscences of alumniWho might remember Dr. Benes. I would verymUch appreciate responses to the followingqUestions:1) Would Benes strike you as "Europe's�ost distinguished democrat today" or as fithng Hutchins' announcement that "no one isbetter qualified to arouse interest in democracy, nor to interpret its significance in the worldtOday! "?2) Benes taught two classes during the 1939Spring term. He gave one public lecture in'Mandel Hall to a crowd of more than 1,000,and a special seminar to about 50 graduate��Udents. Perhaps you recall what Benes wasIke? Or some of your colleagues who attended his lectures?3) How was Benes as a professorengaging, remote, lively, tired, approach�le? How much did you learn from him?�w would you assess his rhetoricalabIlities?4) Did Benes actually grade the studentsall 50? Did he mark your grades in the graduate seminar?t'I ask any of your readers who have informa-GIon on Dr. Benes to write me at: Center forer 'D . man and European Studies, GeorgetownnlVersity, Washington, D. C. 20057.MILAN HAUNERWASHINGIDN, o.cCa.rd searchI 'rn collecting old and new postcardsabout schools for the deaf for a history\Vh Collection at Gallaudet College. Anyoneth' 0 would like to donate or sell postcards onS IS topic is invited to send them to me at 7956I'�IUth King Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60619-the ��y.the postage costs. By the way, I lovedo BIrds-eye view ... " postcard; I've gotne of the originals.ELIZABETH GOODWIN, PHD'67CHICAGO�e University of Chicago Magazine invitesetters fr.'na . om readers on the contents of thety. �Zlne or on topics related to the Universisi etters for publication, which must bety��ed, may be editedfor length and/or claribie 0 ensure the widest range of voices possi\V ,preference will be given to letters of 500ords lEd' or ess. Letters should be addressed to:57��r, University of Chicago Magazine,WoOdlawn Ave., Chicago, IL 60637. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATIONInvites you to join distinguished faculty and alumni friends participatingin alumni travel/study programs during the coming monthsFinal 1992 Study TripsGreenland and theCanadian ArcticJuly 30 to August 10Co-sponsored with theCalifornia Instituteof TechnologyOur summer study tour willexplore the area above theArctic Circle, traveling first tothe fjords and coastal islands ofGreenland and then across Baffin Bayto Baffin, Bylot, and Devon islands.Professor James Hopson of theDepartment of Organismal Biologyand Anatomy and the Committeeon Evolutionary Biology will focuson the ways in which animalssurvive in harsh climates andthe history of Arctic exploration. In the Wake ofLewis and ClarkOctober 24-31Co-sponsored withColumbia UniversityOur autumn cruise on theColumbia and Snake Rivers beginsin Portland and explores the history,geology, and nature of theremarkable river system thatplayed a vital part in the' openingof the American West. Our facultyexpert will be Alfred Anderson,professor of Geophysical Sciencesand an expert on the fascinatinggeology of the region.Voyage into AntiquityNovember 6-19Co-sponsored with Columbia UniversityWe will explore ancient coastal cities and sites jn Greece, Turkey, Israel, andEgypt aboard the splendid new Aurora II. University of Chicago faculty willaccompany this study trip to the roots of Western Civilization.Planned for 1993Study destinations will include Hong Kong; Mexico's Copper Canyon; Vietnam;the Himalayan Kingdoms of Tibet, Nepal, and Bhutan; Costa Rica and theGalapagos Islands; the Mississippi River between New Orleans and Memphis;the Ukraine; the Mediterranean journey of Odysseus; and West Africa.For further information and brochures or to be added to our travel/studymailing list, call or write to Laura Gruen, Associate Director, University ofChicago Alumni Association, 5757 South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL60637.312/702-2160.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 7FOR THE RECORDLaing reading: In April,the University of ChicagoPress awarded its 29thGordon J. Laing award toLeszek Kolakowski, professor in the Committee onSocial Thought, for his1990 book Modernity onEndless Trial, a collectionof essays written between1973 and 1986. Each year,the U of C 's board ofUniversity publicationshonors the Universityfaculty author, editor, ortranslator of a bookpublished by the Press inthe previous three yearsthat brings it the greatestdistinction. An authorityon the history of philosophyand religion, Kolakowskihas written more than 30books. He joined Chicago'sfaculty in 1981.Apogee: AstrophysicistEugene Parker has beenawarded the British RoyalAstronomical Society'sGold Medal, its highestaward. Parker, the S.Chandrasekhar distinguished service professor,was honored for his theoretical work on cosmological magnetic fields. President Gray plansto retire in 1993AT AN APRIL 11 MEETING OFthe University's board oftrustees, Hanna HolbornGray announced her intention to retire as president-at the conclusionof her fifteenth year in office-onJune30, 1993.Gray, in an April 13 letter to theUniversity community, called hertenure as Chicago's tenth chief executive "very satisfying years," adding that "it has been a great privilege to be associated in this way witha wonderful group of colleagues in agreat institution. Our University isunique in its clarity and unity of purpose, in its sense of community, inits focused commitment to academic quality and to the enablement ofthe individual scholar and student.The special character of this University is a source of great pride,and I am very grateful for the opportunity to have participated in this vital period of its evolution."In regards to the timing of her announcement, Gray said, "With thecentennial year drawing to a close,it is time to review and set directionsfor the next chapter in the University's life and to make the transition toa new generation of leadership. "That new generation has alreadybegun to emerge through two keyappointments: chairman of theboard of trustees and provost. Former board chairman Barry Sullivan, MBA'57, announced his decision to step down in light of hisappointment, effective May 1, asNew York City's deputy mayor forfinance and development. In anApril 11 meeting, the board elected8 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 Gray: "With the centennial year drawing to a close, it is time to reviewand set directions for the next chapter in the University's life. "its vice-chairman, Howard Krane,JD'57, to fill Sullivan's post. Also inApril, Edward Laumann wasnamed University provost, to succeed Gerhard Casper, who was appointed president of Stanford University in March (see "ChicagoJournal," April/92).Commenting on Gray's decision,Barry Sullivan observed that she"has led this university with greatwisdom and skill, providing astrong foundation for its future. Sheis clearly the outstanding academicadministrator in the nation, and theforemost spokesperson for the importance of private independenthigher education and research, andfor the liberal arts and the humanities. The University's second century will be an enduring legacy of hercontributions to Chicago. "Sullivan, who will remain on theboard as a trustee, said that Grayhad initiated discussions with himlast year about her intention to stepdown in June of 1993. The trustees' executive committee met with GraYin January to talk about the succes'sion process. In May, a search corJ1'mittee of trustees was designated;and a faculty committee was electedthrough the Council of the Univer'sity Senate, which will serve in alladvisory capacity until the trusteecommittee makes its recommenda'tion to the full board.Trustees appointed to the searebcommittee are: Howard Krane;James S. Crown; Katharine p.Darrow, AB' 65; Stanford J. Gold'blatt, X'58; Robert M. HalperiJl,PhB' 47' Reatha Clark King,SM'60 'PhD'63' Robert Malott;Nancy Stevenson� Richard Strubel;and B. Kenneth West, MBA'60.As the search begins, Krane saYsthe trustees "will be seeking advicefrom all members of the U niverSit!community," including aIUrJl�:'. d pestudents, and other fnen s.Sasked that names of norniJleebe sent to him, c/o Secretary oft��Board of Trustees, Room 501 , 58S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637.Gray's decision to retire was notedWith regret by prominent educatorsthroughout the country. Neil L. Rudenstein, president of Harvard , toldthe Boston Globe that" Hanna Grayhas been one of the most significantleaders in American higher education for more than two decades. Sheis a person of immense intelligence,integrity, and administrative ability.She has always been the very bestkind ofleader-courageous, steady,humane .... "The Chicago Sun:" Times praisedGray's "vision of a university as acoherent and cohesive communityof learning where all ideas are atonce nourished and challenged."The Chicago Tribune noted Gray'sContributions to the cause of womenin higher education, by breaking"through the glass ceiling that haskept so many capable women out oftop jobs, especially in academia."In the year ahead, the 61-year-oldpresident plans to remain intentlyfOcused on maintaining thestrengths of the institution as it ent�rs its next century, as well as proVIding a smooth transition for hersuccessor, who-as Howard Kranetold the Chicago Tribune-willhave "a tough act to follow." - T. O.t'rustees electIIOward KraDe& N ALUMNUS OF THE LAWschool, Howard G. Krane,has been named to chair theUniversity'S board of trustees, rePlacing Barry F. Sullivan (see story,OPPosite page).b krane, a trustee since 1988, hadeen a vice chairman of the board,kran .e replaces Barry Sullivan. as well as chairman of the University Hospitals' board of trustees.Krane is a partner and member ofthe management committee of theChicago law firm Kirkland & Ellis.He received his 1.D. in 1957 fromthe Law School, where he was a.managing editor of the Law Review.In the 1980s, Krane chaired theLaw School's successful $25-million fundraising campaign. Hewas also a member of the Countdown Committee for the $150-million Campaign. for the Arts &Sciences, and chaired the visitingcommittee of the Law School.Krane taught at the Law School asa lecturer from 1971 to 1988. Hecurrently serves on the boards oftheAmerican National Bank & TrustCo., and Lands' End, Inc.President Gray thanked bothKrane and Sullivan for their "out-. standing" work on the board. "TheUniversity has been, and continuesto be, immensely fortunate in thequality and commitment of theseleaders. "- T. 0.DivisioD deaDmade provostIE: DWARD LAUMANN, THEGeorge Herbert Mead distinguished service professorin sociology and. the College anddean of the Social Sciences division, has been named by PresidentGray to succeed Gerhard Casperas provost of the University. Theappointment became effectiveApril 13.Gray said she was "delighted"that Laumann had accepted the appointment. "His great skills andaccomplishments as an academicadministrator, his scholarly distinction and understanding of the worldof scholarship, and his devotion toour University are among the extraordinary assets he brings to shaping the future of Chicago."Before his appointment, Gray noted, Laumann was already involvedin many of the challenges he willface as provost through his work as amember of the Provost's AdvisoryTask Force on Planning and Budgetary Issues, which is studying theUniversity'S current financial outlook and priorities.Laumann, 53, joined Chicago's Laumann: from dean to provost.faculty after teaching at the University of Michigan from 1964 to 1973.He 'received his Ph.D. in sociologyfrom Harvard, and an A.B. fromOberlin College.Laumann's research interests include social stratification, complexorganizations, social science methodology, political sociology, andthe analysis of elite groups and community power structures. Some ofhis most recent work has been onthe sociology of human sexuality.He has written nine books and waseditor of the American Journal ofSociology from 1978 to 1984.As dean of the Social Sciencesdivision since 1984, Laumannestablished an annual conferencethat brings researchers to Chicagofrom around the world to discusssocial science research issues. Tostrengthen interdisciplinary relationships between social scientists,he oversaw an expansion of socialscience research facilities in the1155 E. 60th Building.Historian John Boyer, deputydean and master of Social Sciences'collegiate division, will serve as thedivision's acting dean. - T. 0.DODDelley isrememberedIf ORE THAN 1,000 PEOPLEgathered in RockefellerMemorial Chapel on April24, to attend a service of remembrance for life trustee Gaylord Donnelley. Donnelley, former chair andpresident of the Chicago-based R.R. Donnelley & Sons Co., theworld's largest commercial printer,died of heart failure on April 19 Campaign update: As ofthe first week in April, totalgifts for the Campaign forthe Next Century surpassed$164 million toward a goalof $500 million. In roundfigures, total giving byindividuals stood at $}01million; corporationscontributed $16. 65 million;and foundation gifts madeup $33 million-other giftstotaled over $13 million.Gifts from 64 membersof the board of trusteesamounted to nearly$38 million.Astrophysicists at theUniversity of Chicago,Princeton, and Columbiahave joined together to helpsave a threatened researchsatellite and to shore up thetoppling former Sovietspace research program .The three institutionspurchased computers fromSun Microsystems Company to lend to Moscowscientists working on asatellite scheduled tolaunch in 1995. Sun alsocontributed equipment,which arrived at the Moscow Space Research Institute in April. "This missionis really important, bothscientifically and forpolitical and humanitarianreasons, " says projectcoordinator Don Lamb,professor in astronomy &astrophysics. The satellitewill carry six large instruments to measure X-raysand gamma rays in space.Role model: EarnestineWillis-associate professorin pediatrics and medicaldirector of the WoodlawnMaternal and Child HealthCenter-was one offiveChicagoans to receive theColgate-Palmolive 1992"Models of Excellence"award, presented forindividual contributionas a role model for theAfrican-American community. For eight years, Willishas directed the WoodlawnCenter, which annuallyprovides specialized healthcare to 15,000 women andchildren in communitieswhere the need is urgent.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 9Broadcast news: In July,veteran broadcast journalist John Callaway willreturn to the University ashead of the William BentonFellowship Program andBroadcast Project. In 1983,Callaway was a foundingmember of the fellowshipprogram, which givesseasoned professionaljournalists a chance toreflect on fundamentalissues in their field. Healso played a key role in the1987 creation of the Broadcast Project-which develops television and radioprogramming on researchand scholarship. Callawaywill continue as seniorcorrespondent for publictelevision station WTTW.Shedding light on light:Chemistry professor JamesNorris received the American Academy of Arts andSciences' Rumford awardfor his discoveries aboutphotosynthesis. The Academy presents the Rumfordaward every few years forthe most important American discovery in the scienceof heat or light. at his South Carolina home; hewas 81."His influence upon this University has been pervasive," PresidentEmeritus EdwardH. Levi, PhB'32,JD'35, told the Rockefeller Chapelassembly. During the course of a relationship that spanned more thanhalf of the institution's life, Donnelley had an impact on nearly everyarea of the University, including thehumanities division, the DivinitySchool, the University Library, thePritzker School of Medicine, CourtTheatre, and the campus art galleries and museums, as well as scholarship support for students acrossthe divisions.Most of Donnelley's many giftswere given anonymously, and manywere in the form of unrestricted support, to be used at the institution'sdiscretion in response to criticalneeds or opportunities. In the wordsof President Hanna Gray, "GaylordDonnelley set a standard of extraordinary dedication and servicethrough his devotion to learning andhis understanding of and commitment to the purposes of the University .... He was a man of unboundedgenerosity and of exceptional modesty, and a man who gave quietly The University awarded Donnelley an honorary degree in 1976.and selflessly, an exemplary andcaring trustee."Part of a family whose connections to the University date to itsfounding (his grandfather was in-10 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 strumental in founding the University of Chicago Press, and his fatherwas a trustee from 1909 until hisdeath in 1955), the Yale graduatejoined Chicago's board of trusteesin 1947, serving with six of the University's ten presidents. In the1960s, he was national chairman ofthe successful $160 million Campaign for Chicago, then the largestuniversity or college fundraising effort in U. S. history. He chaired theboard from 1970 to 1976, when theUniversity awarded him an honorary degree; in 1980, he was electeda life trustee.In 1988, his friends and family established the Gay lord Donnell�Ydistinguished service professorshIPin the humanities. In further recog-.� nition of his work on behalf of the� University, Donnelley was awarded� the University of Chicago Medal at� the start of the centennial celebra� tion this past October; two month�f later, President Gray announceu that up to 12 undergraduate schola:�ships annually would be created Ihonor of Donnelley's work and hiSconcern for the welfare of under-graduates. .Donnelley is survived by his WIfe,Dorothy; two sons, Elliot and Strachan; a daughter, Laura Donne1leYMorton; and ten grandchildren. r._M.R.Chicago Nobel-inners tell all!H T MAY BE ONE OF THE PENALties of fame, but a lot of Chicago's Nobel Prize winners getasked gratuitous questions by themedia. For example, in 1988, an inquiring reporter asked several recipients exactly where they kepttheir gold Nobel medallions. Economist George Stigler, PhD'38, ansWered that his made "a lovelypaperweight. "N ow Spy magazine appears tohave made "Meet the Nobelists" aregular feature-and, since Nobelists with a Chicago connection (either as alumni or present or formerfaculty) make up a significant per�entage of winners, it's not surprisIng that several have been called upon by Spy to answer such questionsas, "Do you know how to programYour VCR?" and "Is rock 'n' rolldead?"To the first question, Paul A. Samuelson, AB'35, who won the 1970Prize in economics, confessed thathe relied on his grandchildren to fig- �Ure out the instructions. Herbert �Brown, SB'36, PhD'38, 1979 No- e.iibelist in chemistry, said he was sure �he could do it if motivated to do so. �"No, but my wife does," candidlyresponded 1988 's physics winnerand University professor Leon Lederman, adding, "At one point, Imade a useful suggestion-maybe itwas, 'Plug it in the wall. ,,,Chicago Sun- Times columnist110ices from the Quads" e are not likely to soon hearan end to post-structuralist litanies about the contested and unstable character of cultural logics,��e categories of perception that arelfferent for women and mench' ,lefs and commoners rich andPOor, this village and that, yesterday�d to?ay. All the same, not everylng m the contest is contestedWhoich once more proves that we�o�e here to paraphrase Durkelm, not to bury him.... In order for categories to beCOntested at all there must be acommon syste� of intelligibility,eXte din mg to the grounds, means,mOdes, and issues of disagreement. Richard Roeper may have providedthe all-time classic superfluous interview with a Nobel Prize winnerin 1990, when he asked GSB professor Merton Miller-who had justwon the economics prize-some"really tough" questions, like:which long-distance telephonecompany gives a better bargain?("I'm fortunate to work at a schoolwhere I don't have to fuss withnickel-and-dime details," Millerdeadpanned.) Would a novelty Tshirt stand be a good investment? ("I wouldn't put my last dollar onit.") Was Arnold Schwarzeneggerworth the $10 million he got for Total Recall? ("The only time I catchmovies," Miller answered, "is onthose long flights where they showthe same movie over and over.")U sing the same logic in reverse, ajournalist might one day ask ArnoldSchwarzenegger why a corporation's dividend policy does not affect its overall value (explained byMiller in his M&M Theorems, forwhich he won the Nobel). - T. O.It would be difficult to understandhow a society could function ... ifthere were not some meaningful order in the differences. If in regard tosome given event or phenomenon,the women of a community say onething and the men another, is it notbecause men and women have different positions in, and experiencesof, the same social universe of discourse? Are not the differences inwhat men and women say expressions of the social differences in theconstruction of gender? If so, thereis a non-contradictory way-dareone say a totalizing way? -ofdescribing the contradiction, a system of and in the differences. Which is not to say that this cultural order iseternally unchanging, only thatchanges will be culturally ordered.-Marshall Sahlins, the Charles F.Grey distinguished service professor in anthropology and the College, speaking on "Ethnography inthe Context of Modern World History: Goodbye to Tristes Tropes," asthe 1992 Ryerson lecturer.When the Buchananite wing[of the Republican party]says "neoconservative," that's asynonym for "Jew" .... And to Buchananites, the 'neocons' representeverything that's been wrong withthe Republican party in recent Passport to Paris: Fourthyear College studentjennifer Lister, has beenawarded an Annette Kadefellowship, a privatelyfunded supplement to theFulbright scholarshipprogram to support thestudy of performing arts.Lister, a history major, willuse her grant to attend theEcole Lecoq, an actingschool in Paris. This year,she starred in the onewoman show Female Partsat Stage Left Theater andSecond City ETC.Guggenheim duo: janGoldstein and NancyMunn, professors inhistory and anthropology,respectively, were among149 artists, scholars, andscientists to receive 1992Guggenheim fellowships.Goldstein, a faculty member since 1978, will continue research on the development of concepts ofinferiority in France,focusing on psychologyand seljhood in the 19thcentury. Munn, who joinedthe faculty in 1976, willstudy the ways culturesconstitute time and space.Her field work in Australiaand Papua New Guineaemphasizes socioculturalsymbolism.Sloan quartet: Alfred P.Sloan Foundation researchfellowships have beenawarded to four facultyscientists: Laurie Butler,assistant professor inchemistry; Heinrichjaeger, assistant professorin physics; Alan Nadel,assistant professor inmathematics; and ReneOng, the Grainger assistantprofessor in physics. Eachwill receive $30,000 inresearch funds.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 11Robert Moog (above left),designer of the Moogsynthesizer, and JohnEaton (right), professor inmusic, collaborated in thecreation of the MultipleTouch-Sensitive Keyboard,a new electronic instrument developed during a20-year collaborationbetween the two. Eatonscheduled to give the firstlive concert performanceusing the keyboard on May29 in Mandel Hall-calls it"the world's most sensitivemusical instrument, next tothe human voice. " years. The neocons are internationalists, the Buchananites are isolationists. The neocons are freetraders, Buchananites are protectionists. And the neocons are soft onsocial issues .... Attacking theneocons is a way of attacking allthese positions.... Whether or not Bush wins thecoming election, there's going to bean enormous struggle for control ofthe Republican party, in which antiSemitism is going to playa role, especially if the Buchananite wingeventually wins. Then Republicanswill do what they haven't done before: Pat Buchanan will very cheerfully point out who is the power behind the liberal Democrats. He's notgoing to hesitate. Richard Nixonusedto count the Jews to himselfBuchanan will count them out loud.He does it on television. He greatlyamuses himself, and outrages theJews, and discovers that he can getaway with it. And that's the discovery that's been made: that you canattack the Jews.Anti-Semitism is back on the political agenda and Pat Buchanan,whether he has it in his heart or not, is going to make very good use of it.And this is why, over the comingyears, we're going to see more andmore of it.-Benjamin Ginsberg,AB'68, AM'70, PhD '73, professorof government, Cornell University,speaking on "Anti-Semitism in Contemporary America," part of athree-part lecture series, "The Fatal Embrace: Jews and the State, "presented by the Committee on Social Thought and the U ofC Press.In "The Problem of SocialCost" [Coase's seminal 1960 article combining economics andlaw], I had no intention of making acontribution to legal scholarship. Ireferred to legal cases because theyafforded an example of real situations as against the imaginary onesnormally used by economists intheir analysis. It was undoubtedlyan economist who invented thewidget.But in "The Problem of SocialCost, " I did something else. I pointed out that the judges in their opinions often seemed to show a betterunderstanding of the economicproblem than did many economists,12 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 even though their views were not always expressed in a very exquisitefashion. I did this not to praise thejudges or common law but to shamethe economists.[Seventh Circuit Court of Appealsjudge] Richard Posner, who'd beenset on the right road through hiscontact with Aaron Director atStanford and who then moved toChicago, picked up what I'd saidabout the judges and ran with it. I'venever attempted to follow him. Forone thing, he runs much faster than Ido; he also runs in a somewhat different direction. My interest is primarily in the economic system,whereas his main interest is in thelegal system, although the interrelationships between these two socialsystems lead to a considerable overlapping of interests.-Ronald H.Coase, the Clifton R. Musser professor emeritus in the Law Schooland the 1991 Nobelist in economicsciences, delivering the annualHenry C. Simons memoriallecture.Everyone working in an activefield of research has a greatsense of insecurity, knowing that hecannot possibly know everythingthat he should know about his field,because he doesn't have the timeand knowing therefore that he maydiscover that some student in someobscure university has pipped himto the post for recognition of his latest piece of research. I think thatsense of insecurity explains some ofthe things that are now going wrongwith [scientific] literature .... Certainly, we are threatenedweek after week by "salami slices."We do our best to say, let us makesure that we don't publish the nextbreathless account of some continUing program of research which obviously is going to take years tocomplete, which obviously has anarbitrary, and indeed infinite, nUmber of points along the line at whichan author may feel, 'Now has com�the time to publish something. ' AnIthe consequence is that we battle-dfear not as effectively as we shoul1· b-with people's attempts to pub ISincremental research.-John r:ki g adox, editor of Nature, spea InI"The Role of Journals in Schola� �Communication " a centenn1a, I teconference in honor of the aGeorge J. Stigler.nvestigationsTalking BandsMore than just outlets fornervous energy, hand gesturesreveal the inner workingsof the mind.FEW COULD COMPAREthe coached hand movements George Bushmakes during his speecheslots of pointing, some karatechOpping, and none' of it coordinated withWhat he's saying-to the gestures of, say, anItalian grandmother accompanying her interrogations with the archetypal Mediterraneanhand movement: fingertips touching thumbsto form a pouch and wrists bending back andforth, eternally questioning why.But while George Bush and an Italian grandmother may seem like opposite ends of thehand-gesture spectrum, David McNeill canmake a connection between the two. In theseeXamples, anyway, neither uses the spontaneous, idiosyncratic hand movements to whichMcNeill has devoted most of the pages of hisnew book.In Hand And Mind: What Gestures RevealAbout Thought(U ofC Press), linguistics professor and psychology chair McNeill outlinessome surprising discoveries about the natureof gestures and the relationship between gestUre and speech.t "The key to my book," says McNeill, "ishat We have to watch to hear. "There's more to gestures, McNeill writes,�ha� the culturally specified movements of antahan grandmother or the calculated attempts to make a politician look more authoritarIVe. Most gestures are, in fact, spontaneousand individualistic, revealing the idioznCr�tic imagery of thought. Indeed,cNelll believes he has found evidence thatgestures and speech form one system and that:�e�kers are basically as unconscious of whatelr hands are doing as they are of the thoughtProcesses that produce their words.�cNeill started research on hand gesturesa OUt ten years ago when, with the help of graduatestudents,he developed asystematic method for studying such movements. The technique was simple. McNeillwould show a subject the Sylvester andTweety Bird cartoon "Canary Row." Then,the viewer would relate the cartoon story to alistener-someone who had never seen thecartoon before. McNeill and his student assistants would videotape this retelling, andlater transcribe the video, noting specific gestures and at what point in the narrative theyoccurred. In this way he could observe different speakers relating the same informationnaturally and spontaneously.From careful study of these videotapes andtranscriptions, McNeill noticed that mostspeakers made the same kinds of gestures todescribe the same moments of action in thecartoon. Such gestures, he decided, must bemore important to speech than people hadpreviously believed."The hand and its movement representthought in action," says McNeill. When listening to a storyteller, McNeill says, watchher hands. "The hand is not a hand, but a character [in the story]; the space is not the speaker's space, but a fictional space, a narrativespace that exists only in the imaginary worldof discourse. "While most of McNeill's work is based onthe gestures that occur spontaneously duringspeech, especially during narration, he hasalso studied whole categories of hand movements with other functions. For example, acategory he calls "emblems" differs fromnarrative gestures in that they are culturallyprescribed movements-the Americanchild's OK sign or the Italian grandmother's Gestures are reallythought in action, assertspsychology and linguisticsprofessor David McNeill.pursed hand-that comment on another's actions or speech.McNeill notes that narrative gestures alsofall into categories. There are, for instance,the "iconics." These depict some concreteevent, and occur only with actual narrativecontent-when the speaker is describing anevent from a story. Describing a scene from"Canary Row" in which Sylvester climbs up adrain pipe to reach Tweety Bird in the windowabove, a speaker might make a climbing motion with her hands.Another category is the "metaphoric" gesture. Unlike iconics, these gestures commenton the structure of the story itself. For example, to accompany a phrase such as, "It was aSylvester and Tweety cartoon," a speakermight raise his hands with palms facing inward, clearly setting the boundaries for thecartoon's structure.A third category McNeill named "beats"because they look like beating out musicaltime, as the speaker's hand moves with therhythm of the speech. These gestures typically mark the introduction of new characters,new themes-or the summarization of theaction.Another narrative gesture McNeill calls"deictics" or "abstract pointing." "People,when they're telling stories, point all thetime," McNeill notes. "They're not pointingat anything you can see, they're actuallypointing out the very concept of the story."Pointing occurs when the speaker is enteringa new phase or chapter in the story. "As youmight expect, " he says, "they're pointing intothe next episode."Once they've introduced this new story andreferred to its structure [with metaphoric gestures]-they'll resume iconic gestures again.It's very regular."Now that he understands how unified speechUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 13and gesture are, and how much information atypical gesture actually presents, McNeillsays he can use that knowledge to understand anew subject. He plans to study the gestures ofthe neurologically impaired-individualswith split brains or damage to the speech centers of the brain-to see what their hand movements reveal about the way they processlanguage. -D. L.Tille VII v. FreeMarkelsWHEN RICHARD EPSTEIN CAME OFage during the 1960s, he remembers thinking that the CivilRights Act of 1964 "was long overdue, thatpatterns and practices of discrimination thatexisted ... were apt targets of 'legislativecorrection. "Now, nearly 30 years later, Epstein, theJames Parker Hall distinguished service professor in the Law School, has published a newbook arguing that the full range of laws banning discrimination in private-employmentmarkets should be repealed. In ForbiddenGrounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination Laws (Harvard UniversityPress), Epstein writes that laws governingantidiscrimination in the workplace "are anunjustified limitation on the principle of freedom of contract," one that undermines tradi-Epstein: Instead of rules, an open market.14 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 tional conceptions of merit, and that mandates a wide raft of evasive and inefficient employment practices.While Epstein recognizes that these laws"performed valuable functions in securingthe transition from a system of jim crow andstate segregation," he claims that they nolonger serve this function. In his view, the"broad antidiscrimination principle [that]lies at the core of American political and intellectual understandings of a just and propersociety" has led people to overlook the enormous costs that these laws impose in theirmodern setting. Thus, "the current doublestandard, which allows voluntary affirmativeaction for certain groups, while imposingstringent requirements of no discriminationagainst others, has led, " he says, "to more societal discrimination than it prevents."For example, Epstein notes in a recent interview, these laws might influence the locationan entrepreneur chooses for a new business."Once you realize that if you start your firm ina certain neighborhood, you're going to befaced with Title VII suits" if you don't hire arepresentative proportion of minorities, "yousimply don't go there, " Epstein says. "Or youmight not even start the business at all."What one can say in fairly complete confidence," he continues, "is that all of the gainsthat are paraded around by successful plaintiffs in [antidiscrimination] litigation areneatly offset by the losses to a broad class ofpeople" who, for example, lose out on jobswhen companies won't open in their neighborhoods. Such losses, he adds, are the resultof "the strange incentives these laws imposeupon individuals when they figure out whether to start a business or how to organize. "Instead of rules and regulations, Epsteinsays, the secret to preventing discrimination isto foster a free and open marketplace-onethat would allow all individuals to practicetheir right to freedom of contract."In an open market you are free to search foran employer or employee who is most likeyou, " says Epstein. "And when you do see, infree markets, sorting by race, you have to remember that every group can take advantageof that privilege, so it's not as though whitesare given it, and blacks denied it, or vice versa, or male and female."Epstein is quite doubtful, however, that hewill ever witness the repeal of Title VII. Whathe hopes the publication of ForbiddenGrounds will encourage is open debate on thesubject-something, he says, that is terriblylacking. "Ifpeople believe that the statutes arewise, just, and good in all their ramifications,there's nothing to slow down their most aggressive interpretation and application atevery level," Epstein says."If they realize there's somebody out therewho thinks the whole system is rotten, root and branch, and will say so publicly, it may introduce a much-needed note of caution inpublic debate and legal action." -D.L.ABSTRACTSGENETIC FLAW: RESEARCHERS AT THEUniversity of Chicago's HowardrHughes Medical Institute and the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, havediscovered a genetic cause for a commonform of diabetes.Graeme Bell, professor of biochemistry andmolecular biology, and colleagues in Parishave found that a tiny error in one gene thatcodes the regulation of insulin production isresponsible for the early onset of type IIdiabetes, or non-insulin-dependent diabetesmellitus, a disorder that affects about 5 percent of the world's population."We think the mutations in this gene may bethe direct cause of diabetes mellitus in asmany as 500,000 persons in the U.S. alone,"says Bell.The gene, found on chromosome 7, codesfor an enzyme called "glucokinase." Whileglucokinase's role in regulating insulin ispoorly understood, researchers believe it determines the ability of insulin-secreting pancreatic cells to detect glucose levels in theblood stream, the first step toward insulinsecretion.The flaw on this gene is a point mutation-asubstitution for just one of the nearly 1,400nucleotides that determine each of the 465amino acids that make up glucokinase.In future work, Bell says he hopes "to understand the mechanism by which the mutations cause diabetes, and then perhaps attempt to find imaginative ways to bypass theenzyme." -D. L.WATER ON MARS: MARTIAN WATERtrapped inside meteorites for over ISOmillion years might force space researchers torethink some of their ideas about otherplanets.Scientists from the University, NASA, andTexas Tech University analyzed the watercontent in a collection of meteorites that fell toEarth 180 million years ago, after an asteroidcollided with Mars. For their study, they heated the Martian rocks to release the water andthen examined the water's oxygen atoms.Most oxygen atoms have eight protons andeight neutrons in their nuclei (oxygen 16),though some do have one or two extra neUtrons (oxygen 17 or 18). The researchersfound that the Martian water had substantiallYmore oxygen 17 and 18 than Earth-bound water, clearly showing that the water had notbeen absorbed after the meteorites fell toEarth.RObert Clayton studies the water in meteorites from Mars that fell to Earth 180 million years ago.But perhaps the most interesting finding,s�ys Robert Clayton-the Enrico Fermi distinguished service professor in chemistry,and an author of the study that appeared in�cience-is that the Martian water had signifICantly more oxygen 17 and 18 than even thesurrounding Martian rock. "The Martian wate� seems to have been sitting on the surfaceWIthout interacting chemically with the rocksand soil."This finding confirms work by other researchers who have found that, unlike Earth,Mars lacks the cycle of continental drift thatCo .ntmually stirs up the crust and mantle. Ina�dition, the lack of atmospheric interactionmIght throw the assumptions of some spaceresearchers off track."If the atmosphere or ocean is just sitting�here, not interacting, it won't give you the in-ormation about the underlying planet thatYou want," says Clayton. "That may be themOst Significant result of our work." -D. L.PATCH TEST: THROW OUT THOSE BREATHP . alyzers; researchers at the University'st rItzker School of Medicine and Dermal Sysdems International in Washington, D. C. , have1 eveloped a skin patch that can accurately testeVels of intoxication in adults. Originally developed as a means of monitoring drugs given to premature infants withouthaving to take blood samples from the babies,the patches-about the size of a quarterdetect molecules of drugs or alcohol naturallyexcreted through the skin. Once a certain levelof drug has been reached, the patches changecolor, says Michael Roizen, chair of the University'S anesthesiology and critical caredepartment.Although not expected to hit the market for ayear or two, Roizen envisions the patchescould have many uses. In addition to allowingwearers to measure their own alcohol intake,similar patches could help diabetics checktheir glucose levels, or indicate the levels ofillegal drugs in abusers.-J.H.SHAKING UP BETA: EUGENE FAMA MADEstock investment history in 1973 when hepublished a study that seemed to show thatstocks with highly volatile prices relative tothe market-or beta-produced higher returns. But now Fama, MBA'63, PhD'64, theTheodore 0. Y ntema distinguished serviceprofessor in the Graduate School of Business,has decided he was wrong.In a broad study of the performance of thousands of stocks over 50 years, Eugene Fama and Kenneth French, the Leo Melamed professor in the business school, have concludedthat beta is not such an accurate indicator ofa stock's performance after all.Instead, the researchers found that longterm returns are influenced more by companysize and the stock's price-to-book ratiossmaller companies, as measured by the market value of their shares, and those with lowprices relative to their book values, have produced higher returns. -J. H.MORE SCROLLS: NEWLY RELEASED PORtions of the Dead Sea Scrolls suggestthat a "proto-Christianity" may have been developing among Jewish thinkers at the time ofChrist, says Michael Wise, PhD'88, assistantprofessor in the Department of Near EasternLanguages & Civilizations.Wise and a four-person research team fromthe Oriental Institute have found that thesescrolls show that a belief in a future messiahand his resurrection was a larger part of mainstream Jewish thinking at the dawn of Christianity than has been previously thought."What this material does is give us a broaderview of Judaism," says Wise. "Ithelps us seehow closely linked to Judaism the early Christians were." -D.L.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 15ryn Mawr president Mary McPherson recalls her first academic job,teaching in the late 1950s at a small state university where none of thewomen faculty members had received full professorships, or beengranted a sabbatical, where even her brightest female students couldnot be persuaded to speak in class. It took her longer than she can nowbelieve "to assess the situation and be annoyed by it."When women stop to assess their situation in higher education in the 1990s, many still feelannoyed-and frustrated. Although more women attend colleges and graduate schools thanever before, the percentage of women on those institutions' faculties remains stubbornly low-particularly in tenure-track positions. Women students complain that, instead of a supportive campus atmosphere, they find open hostility toward feminist causes, and a lack of seriouscommitment among administrators to stem recent upsurges of sexual harassment and daterape at their schools.In contrast to the" chilly" atmosphere often cited by women in depicting their campus working or learning environments, a special centennial symposium in April witnessed a decidedlywarm exchange of critical views on the topic "Women in American Higher Education." Organized by Elizabeth Helsinger, a professor in the English department, and sponsored by theUniversity of Chicago Women's Board, the two-day conference became a rare opportunity forthe (mostly) women attending to openly discuss their personal and professional concerns, andto place them in a larger context of the struggle of American women to succeed in higher education since the turn of the century.In this historical vein, the symposium's first two sessions dealt exclusively with women'sundergraduate and graduate experience from 1890 to 1930; those sessions were followed by apresidents' panel that included Mary McPherson and University of Chicago president HannaHolborn Gray, recounting their personal histories as women in higher education. The eventconcluded with an assessment of the current status of women at the University of Chicago,and a look at "gender studies and feminist practice" at Chicago. (Unless otherwise noted, allof the quotes in this story are taken from these symposium sessions.)That the current power structure in place in higher education remains "emphatically male"is easy to prove, says Judy Touchton, deputy director of the American Council on Education'sOffice of Women in Higher Education. "Women are, and have been since the early 1980s, the16 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/juNE 1992 Masculinebacklashes,glass ceilingsfor years, bothkept college anduniversitywomen out inthe cold. Andthe forecast,wam many ofthese women,is equallyforbidding.By TimObermillerIllustrations byMary Jonesf!l', �',,mJ'lli:majority of all students-yet full-time women faculty are still only 29 percent of all faculty, across theboard," said Touchton during a telephone interview from her Washington, D.c., office. Womenrepresent almost half of all instructors, and between 30 to 40 percent of the nation's assistant professors, "but at the associate level, it starts dropping. Not much more than 10 percent of fullprofessors are women, which is the level it's beenfor years and years and years. So the glass ceiling inhigher education is really tough."Touchton concedes that the extremely low number of women pursuing degrees in the physical sciences could account for the shortage of womenacademics in that field, but the same reasoning nolonger holds true in other, traditionally maledominated areas. "Women make up a third to a halfof all students in medical school and half or more ofall law students-but when you look at the numberof women on the faculty of law and medicalschools, it is very small. Last year, there were 13women who were deans oflaw schools in the U.S.,and only four or five who were deans of medicalschools."With respect to college and university administrations, Ellen Futter, president of Barnard College, says there has been "great success at the middle level, but only in certain fields. In fact, a 1989survey showed that the three occupations that minorities and women in administration were mostlikely to hold were those of registrar, librarian, anddirector of financial aid." And while there has beenin the last decade a doubling in the number of women presidents, women still hold only 11 percent ofpresidencies throughout the country today, withonly a few of those presidents at major researchuniversities-Hanna Gray being one notableexception.For private research universities in general"there has been less advancement for women atsenior faculty and administrative levels than in anyother sector" of higher education, according toTouchton. "Perhaps because they are more prestigious, more affluent, research universities seemmore immune to outside social forces, and there'sless pressure to really change. Change is occurring, " she adds, "but much more slowly."A slow yet perceptible change can be seen in thegrowth of women faculty at the University of Chicago over the last 20 years. In 1969, they made up7.2 percent of the faculty-by 1992, that proportionhad risen to 16.4 percent. Of full professors, 2.3percent were women in 1969, compared to 10.9percent in 1992, and women now represent a quarter of all assistant professors at Chicago, comparedto 12.5 percent in 1969. By discipline, physical sciences currently has the lowest representation of women faculty (2.3 percent) and the School of Social18 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 Service Administration the highest (56 percent).Such figures are cause for both cheer and concern, says Barnard's Futter. "Within the academy,women's advancement became an explicit topic onmost institutional agendas, and during the Eightieswomen did get more of the educational pie. As weenter the Nineties, I think the picture for womenreflects evident but uneven gains-and real gaps incritical areas."At this juncture, " continues Futter, "we see twoinconsistent but not mutually exclusive reactionsfrom women within and without academe. The firstis a sense of real progress and momentum. Theother is frustration and anger at being stalled ordead-ended. "lix Burns, a third-year undergraduate in the College, admits she didn't really knowwhere to begin when asked toaddress the session of "Women in Higher Education" entitled, "Assessing the Status of Women in the University: 1970 and 1990." So she asked her roommatefor advice."She said, 'I don't have a status as a woman on thiscampus, ,,, recalls Burns, who, with fourth-yearLeah Zonis, leads the Womyn's Union, a campusstudent group. Burns believes this feeling is the result of "the University's attemptto remain academically gender-blind," her term for a process inwhich "women lose their identities."Associate English professor and feminist scholarLauren Berlant thinks that Burns is essentially rightin her assessment. "Coincidentally, a lot of my bestfriends' moms, when I was growing up, were U ofC graduates," says Berlant. "When I talk to them,women who are in their fifties and sixties now,about what it was like to be at the University of Chicago then, they say they felt sort of lucky to be ableto go to a school where they didn't have to thinkabout their gender-where they were valued because they had minds."On the other hand, Berlant says, these women feltthat the same "privilege of being disembodied in asystem of meritocracy" had kept a part of themselves shut off from the institution's consideration.And, as students develop a heightened sense oftheir gender, ethnic and religious background, orsexual orientation, such institutional "blindness"may come to seem even more oppressive in theNineties.A sign that this institutional attitude is changing atChicago has been the recent faculty and administrative support for both an African-American studies concentration (approved last year) and a twoquarter College course, "Problems in GenderStudies," which will be launched in the fall.According to Elizabeth Helsinger, who helpedplan the new course, rather than bringing a proposal to the College Council for a gender studies major(that is, a program in which you can get a degree),"we thought that the crucial first step was to devel- op an interdisciplinary course" for undergraduates. This course will take place in the fall and winter quarters, followed by a spring course forgraduate students in which a revised version of the"Problems in Gender Studies" course will beplanned for the following year.Unlike many of the women's studies programsstarted on other campuses in the 1970s and 1980s,Chicago's new gender studies initiative involves"both men and women faculty and graduate students. The decision to move beyond strictly women's studies was, says Helsinger, partly anacknowledgment that "a lot of the work on gender andsexuality and their relationships to power has beendone not just by women but by men and, of course,much of it has been done by homosexual-gay andlesbian-scholars. "The move to gender studies is also an acknowledgment of an attitude "that women's studies has always had to fight-the problem of being ghettoized,of being seen as only concerned with women, and,therefore, not as serious intellectual inquiry, " saysHelsinger, "So that a lot of what is being said byfeminist scholars, with extensive research to back itup, doesn't always get heard by the people whoshould listen to it. "That attitude has been especially true at the University of Chicago, says Helsinger, where "thestand that was taken here in the late Sixties and Seventies-and it applied both to women's studies andAfrican-American studies-was that they are notdisciplines; they are intellectual fads. And otheruniversities didn't feel that way."So, if you look around, Chicago is definitely in asmall minority of institutions which haven't hadsome sort" of women's studies program. But,Helsinger adds, with a "critical mass" of talentedfaculty and graduate students now actively contributing to scholarly work on gender and sexuality,"we think that the time has arrived to make a placefor this work at the University." One indication ofan increased openness toward feminist scholarshipon campus was the invitation given to law professorMary Becker, JD'80, last November to deliver theLaw School's annual Katz Lecture. Becker took theoccasion to criticize several areas of the Bill ofRights for protecting the rights of white males at theexpense of women and minorities.Although undergraduate Leah Zonis regards thegender program as a positive first step, she believesthe University could do much more toward creatinga welcoming environment for women. "For example, " says Zonis, "there isn't a women's center oncampus-no space for women either to meet formally or just go to escape, to discuss books orresources. ""I think the basic feeling of most women on campus is that there's no network of support systems, "concurs Alix Burns, "and if you try to do something, you're on your own, unless you can find people who can help you out." One result is that faculty, administrators, and staff who are rumored tohave" any sort of feminist, progressive ideas are totally overburdened at this University," says Burns,"and cannot adequately deal with the number ofstudents who are interested."Support for women students, Zonis adds, is toomuch "the luck ofthe draw-who you just run into,with professors, with the hospital, with advisers.We've heard wonderful stories-people say, 'Icouldn't have asked for anything more' - and otherpeople tell us horror stories."urning back a few decades, onefinds many such "horror" stories. Some were told by participants in the symposium's"presidents' panel" - includingHanna Gray, Bryn Mawr president Mary McPherson, and Adele Smith Simmons,president of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and former president ofBampshire College.What most disturbs Adele Simmons as she recallssuch dismaying stories from her own life is that atthe time-as an undergraduate in the pre-feminist1960s-she only vaguely recognized their horror.There was, for example, the time she and severalother undergraduate women in her dormitory dis�overed that they had mutually experienced "whatIS now called sexual harassment" by a male facultymember, "but then it didn't even have a name. WeWent to our head resident-it took a lot of courage todo that. He told us this faculty member was comingup for tenure, and we should say nothing. So wesaid nothing, and went on. I changed majors because that was the only way that I could avoid thateXperience. "Not confined to dark corridors or musty facultyoffices, sexist language and attitudes were out in the�en, even celebrated, in the 1950s, recalls MarycPherson, who was disappointed to hear one of�er Contemporary heroes, Adlai Stevenson, tell anunderstanding audience" at a Smith College com?Iencement "that educating women who Were goIng to be the wives and mothers of important menwas a worthy cause."D I� mU�h the same spirit, albeit decades earlier, a. niversity of Chicago professor and its future presIdent, Harry Pratt Judson, wrote to a former graduate student in 1896, upon hearing of her impendinglllarriage, "I am heartily pleased by the news youse�d. me. For you see the higher education in myo�lOlOn is by no means merely a device for fittinggIrls to teach or to write. It is intended to make awoman more of a woman."J�dson's attitude typified what historians of women 10 higher education refer to as a "backlash"a .��Inst educated women that occurred in the 1900s.lth this record as an example, these historians be- Not confined to dark corridors ormusty faculty offices, sexist languageand attitudes were out in the open,even celebrated, in the 1950s.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 19One should not assume that becausea critical mass of women on campushas been reached that their place is inany way guaranteed. lieve that women may be heading toward anothercampus backlash in the 1990s.The turn-of-the-century backlash followed abrief period of societal support for the advancementof women through education that occurred in postCivil War America. According to Patricia Palmieri, director of women's studies at CaliforniaState, Fresno, one reason for that support was the"too-many-women" syndrome in New England,rborn from the "perception that there were simplygoing to be too many women," with not enoughmen to marry them. Without husbands to supportthem, there was fear these ladies "would sink intodestitution." Such widespread fears translated into"a middle-class endorsement for higher educationand careers for women" as the 19th century drew toa close.Other factors allowed for the polite openingof college and university doors for womenincluding a nationwide shortage of undergraduates, which encouraged schools to-reluctantlyaccept women in a coeducational environment,which they found cheaper than creating separatewomen's colleges.What surprised the men who had endorsed college and graduate degrees for women for reasons ofpity or profit was how eagerly the women of the dayembraced this notion of higher education as ameans toward achieving a successful and satisfyingsingle life-what Palmieri calls "a respectful spinsterhood." These women were not particularly disappointed to give up marriage and child-rearing fora profession; others felt that choosing a professionnecessarily meant opting out of marriage, becauseit would be impossible to manage both a job andfamily life. One study, done in the late 1920s, showsjust how pervasively educated women avoided matrimony: of all the women who received a Ph.D. between 1877 and 1924, three-quarters of them remained single.The success of these dedicatedly single women isdocumented by Palmieri in her book on the historyof Wellesley College and its distinguished facultyincluding Katharine Lee Bates, who wrote the lyrics for ''America the Beautiful," and Emily Balch,winner ofthe Nobel Peace Prize. Indeed, many ofthe University of Chicago's pioneer women facultyhad been Wellesley professors.Between 1905 and 1910, however, Wellesley became the center of a national attack by "geneticists,biologists, educators, and Ladies Home Journalwriters." The Wellesley professors were being attacked, says Palmieri, precisely for remaining single and for producing students, many of whom likewise opted to remain single, or who married laterand had fewer children.These attacks came under the dramatic rubricof "race suicide." But there were deeper reasonsfor this backlash-reasons which can be seen most20 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992clearly at the University of Chicago, where, in1902, female students were segregated at an institution that had been the paradigm of successfulcoeducation."I would not be honest with you were I to concealthat all my feelings have been opposed to coeducation," the University's first president, WilliamRainey Harper, told the trustees, although he promised to make the best of it. Unlike most coeducational universities, who chose their female facultyon the basis of their moral backgrounds, HarperWanted women on his faculty who were Ph.D.s:"not easy to find in the early 1890s-there were virtually none," says Rosalind Rosenberg, professorof history at Barnard College.In fact, Harper "�ettled" on Alice FreemanPalmer, former Wellesley president, as the firstdean of women at Chicago, as well as the first woman ever to be given a full professorship at an American coeducational university. It was, Rosenberg believes, the first example of affirmative action hiringat a coeducational university, as Palmer had onlyan honorary Ph.D. from the University of Michi?an, where she had to interrupt her graduate studiestn order to raise her family. .Palmer appointed as her assistant Marion Talbot,also from Wellesley. Palmer and Talbot made theshrewd determination that the eastern women's college model "had a great deal to offer women at thefledging University of Chicago," says Lynn Gordon, AM'74, PhD'80, associate professor of education and history at the University of Rochesterand author of Gender and Higher Education in theProgressive Era.At a time when women's colleges were being freqUently criticized by women's rights activists as"too socially controlling, too intellectually conservative," Palmer and Talbot's attempts to establishChicago as a "western Wellesley" for womenseemed almost regressive, says Gordon. They understood, however, that "women students would?ot fare well at a coeducational institution, despiteIts intellectual openness, unless they had some kindof support, " and used Victorian ideologies of gender distinctiveness, "first to build up women'ssense of themselves as a separate and meaningfulentity, and simultaneously to argue that community's right to influence and power on the Chicagocampus."To do this, says Gordon, Palmer and Talbotbanned national sororities, replacing them with amore egalitarian system in which female studentsfrom a variety of backgrounds-and also womenfacuIty members-all lived; ate; and held cultural,social, and intellectual activities in campus housesand dormitories. The Palmer-Talbot team alsoencOuraged the development of campus women'sorg�nizations and special-interest groups, andmalOtained close ties with off-campus women's organizations and reform groups.N Or Was their influence limited to the extracurricUlar, says Gordon. Talbot, in particular, was instrumental in establishing the study of household ad- ministration, which "at least at Chicago, had a :powerful intellectual orientation," requiring of itsstudents a thorough background in the physical andsocial sciences in order to "analyze and elevate"the status of women in the family and in the community. "In some ways," says Gordon, "the studyof household administration was really a 19thcentury precursor for today's women's studiesprograms."In sum, Palmer and Talbot helped coeducation realize its potential for women students at Chicago"as it did nowhere else," says Gordon. A measureof that success: fully a third of all the doctoratesawarded to women at the end of the 19th centurywere being awarded by the University of Chicago.And, as Marion Talbot proudly reported, by 1902,the number of women in the College's freshmen andsophomore class surpassed the number of men, andwomen were being awarded a greater percentage ofPhi Beta Kappa keys.Given this success, it came as a shock when, in1902, the majority of faculty (asked by PresidentHarper to voice their opinions) expressed their support for segregating genders in the undergraduatejunior college, a plan later approved by the board oftrustees. While Marion Talbot favored the development of a separate women's community, "she regarded any kind of intellectual separation as demeaning and unjust and she made that very clear toPresident Harper, " says Gordon. Although coeducation would eventually be reinstated, much of thestrength of the women's community at Chicago wasdissipated, never to return.Most of Harper's male faculty who supportedsegregation gave as their reason the fear that coeducation endangered gender distinctiveness. "Theyalso said they found it impossible to be sufficientlysevere with girls in class, and that the girls monopolized stairs, corridors, grounds, and classrooms,producing a coarsening social effect," says Gordon. But she and other historians at the conferencethink that the bottom line of this masculine backlash at Chicago, and across the country, was thatmen felt threatened by women's success and growing sense of independence via higher educationand confused by the instability in traditional genderroles that this success had created.n 1969, the Committee on UniversityWomen-charged by the UniversitySenate to "inquire into the status and opportunities open to academic women onthis campus" =concluded that the University was no better and no worse thancomparably "elite" research universities. But itwas clear also, said the committee's report, that"the University of Chicago, despite its auspiciousbeginnings as a place where distinguished womenwere part of the original faculty and where special encouragement was given to student women, nolonger occupies the same position of leadership inthis regard."Whether the University can, or wants to; regainthis position of leadership is open to conjecture.Professor of behavioral sciences emeritus BerniceNeugarten, AB'36, AM'37, PhD'43, who led the1969 Committee on University Women, commented at the conference on the difficulties of setting an across-the-board political agenda at theUniversity of Chicago, even for a worthy cause. "Ithink there's a view of the University as an entity .... Yet the degree of diversity among the departments is the enormous reality ... .In fact, this isprobably the most underadministered universityI've seen-it isn't very centralized-and that's oneof the reasons that it's very pleasant to work here."Indeed, the Neugarten committee itself, whilepointing out the need for better representation ofwomen on the faculty, urged the University toremain flexible-rather than moving towardhard-and-fast, standardized procedures-in dealing with the recruitment of women faculty andstudents.Perhaps it is simply a matter for women at theUniversity, and elsewhere, of obtaining that "critical mass" of representation that will eventually leadto a change in the power structure. However, LynnGordon points to the University of Chicago'S ownearly history as an example of how a carefullyconceived support system for women is not regressive, but can actually assist in the mission of coeducation and in creating a fairer distribution of powerbetween the sexes.Above all, Gordon warns, one should not assumethat because a "critical mass" of women on campusis reached, that their place is in any sense guaranteed-any more than it was back in 1902. "Currentresearch indicates that as many as 40 percent of undergraduate women have experienced some formof sexual harassment during their college years, "says Gordon, with minority women students beingparticularly vulnerable to both physical and verbalassaults."These problems have surfaced not only in institutions that have recently begun admitting womenbut in those that have been coeducational for a hundred years, "says Gordon. "The Chicago story suggests that we're seeing violence against women oncampus today because-once again, as in the early20th century-gender roles are in flux and manypeople feel threatened by them."As the Neugarten Commission concluded in its1969 report, "Given that the problems that we address are primarily social in origin, the inherentlyreciprocal relation between men's and women'sroles means inevitably that to alter one is to alter theother. In making recommendations about women,then, we are also making recommendations aboutmen." For better or worse, the story of "Women inAmerican Higher Education" is not just aboutwomen.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/juNE 1992 21Name: Patrick MarshallHometown: Lexington, Mass.Major: Political ScienceActivities: Volunteer for TheChildren's Center,Wyler's Children'sHospital, and Habitat forHumanity; communityservice chairman for PiKappa Alpha Fraternity(1990-91); varsitybasketball team(1988-89).Mostinterestingsummervacation: Digging latrines in asmall Mexican village.Aftergraduation: Peace Corps or a jobin environmentaleconomics.Quote: "This is not the type ofschool where you walkoutside and there's awealth of opportunitiessocially. You have to findyour own niche and gowith that. There areplenty of opportunities ifyou make them, but youhave to do the work to getthere."22 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992They're smart. They're studious. They'resocially committed. And they have words ofpraise and some advice for the Universityof Chicago. They're the centennial class.N THE FIRST DAY OFOctober 1892, 175 intrepidundergraduates startedclasses at the brand newUniversity of Chicago.Nearly one hundred yearslater, as the current crop of graduating students prepares to assemble in RockefellerChapel, their chests undoubtedly swell withpride as they contemplate their status as "thecentennial class" -they must feel the weightof those words deep in their very bones."It's kind of neat and all, being the centennial class," says fourth-year student PeterWang. "But it didn't really make a differencein what I did here or whether I attended thisschool or not."OK, so maybe the Centennial means less tothe College fourth-years than sentimentalistsmight imagine. But, while they might not feeldifferent, an historic question remains: how isthis class special? How does the College classof 1992 differ from those who came before,and those who will follow? "The classes thatcome to Chicago come because of the verypowerful identity of the University," saysTheodore O'Neill, AM'70, the dean of College admissions, who has been with the admissions office since 1981. "They don'tchange much from year to year, although statistically they get slightly better."If their academic caliber hasn't changed,Dean of Students Katie Nash has noticed atleast one difference. "My impression is thatstudents these days are happier here thanthey've been in the past," says Nash, a dean ofstudents at Chicago since 1979. "In recentyears the University has made an effort to getstudents doing things, to bring students together. I think it's paid off." In fact, Dean ofthe College Ralph Nicholas, AM'58,'62, notes that more students completees in the College than ever before. "In earlier years, it often seemed that College students would complete three years of worksometimes even more than that-but not finish the last few requirements for graduation,"he says. "Now, they seem to be persuaded thatthey should finish what they start, and thenumber of dropouts has fallen sharply."To find out what it is that really defines the903 students in the class of 1992 (of which 58percent are male, 42 percent are female, 15percent are Asian, 3 percent are Black, 3 percent are Hispanic, and 2 percent are foreignstudents), the Magazine decided to go straightto the source, which, in this case, means 20seniors-ten men, ten women, a mix of racesand ethnicities. We asked this sample group,who also represent a selection of majors fromthe social sciences, natural sciences, and humanities, to pour forth their opinions on,among other topics, the University, the Centennial, and their fellow classmates."The U of C is not a place for everyone,"warns one of those seniors, physics major KenBloom. "The people who it is for are very academically and intellectually intense. I don'tthink anyone really dabbles in anything.Whatever they do, they're very serious about.They pursue their interests very assiduouslyhere." True to his own definition, Bloomspends" every bit of spare time" searching formissing quarks at Fermi Lab with physicsprofessors Henry Frisch and Melvyn Shochet. He notes: "My work is my fun."''A typical U of C student is someone who isintellectually challenged by something, "saysBill Michel, one of the College's last Politics,Economics, Rhetoric, & Law graduates (themajor, founded in 1973, has been phased out)."I tend to believe there's more to an educationthan just the books themselves," adds Michel, who rounds out his academics with ahost of extracurriculars: he's executive production manager of University Theater, a res-By DEBRA LADESTRO Photography by MATTHEW GILSONUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 23Name: Juliana EkongHometown: Pasadena, Calif., andCalabar, NigeriaMajor: Psychology. Has alsocompleted requirementsfor a biology degree.Uofeconnection: Her mother was a U of Cgrad student when shemarried Juliana's father,a resident of Inter-national House. Julianawas born in Hyde Park.Activities: InterVarsity ChristianFellowship; UniversityTheater; ShoestringTheater; research andtechnical volunteer,University Hospitals;Orientation aide.She wishesshe hadn't: Taken three quarters ofhonors calculus. "I keepthinking of those extrathree classes I could havetaken. "Aftergraduation: Medical school atHarvard or theUniversity of SanFrancisco.Quote: "I have friends who livein the Chicago area andwhen they heard I wascoming here they saidthat everyone who goesto the U ofC is weird.But that was fine,because all throughouthigh school I was told Iwas weird. The peoplewho are satisfied here arethose who felt they weredifferent, were lookingfor something else, anddidn't want to go to auniversity where peopledidn't care so much abouttheir studies. "ident assistant at Shorey House in Pierce Hall,the student chair of the Centennial Fun andFestivals committee, and a student member ofthe University's committee on harassment."While I try to get a lot out of my classes, Imight periodically sacrifice that extra 50pages to do theater work, or the Centennial,or stuff with my house.""There are two types of students at the University: a contented student and a discontent-24 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/juNE 1992 ed student," says Justin Mortara, a physicsmajor who falls into the first category."Someone who is happy here is someonewho is typically ambitious, and very .... " Hepauses to find the right term. "Opportunisticis a bad word because it has negative connotations, but there's a lot of stuff to do here, andthe people who are happiest are the peoplewho take advantage of the academic opportunities. The unhappy people," he adds, "seemto be ones who have found themselves in anintense environment that they're just notthriving on."Betty Ng, an economics major from HongKong, describes her classmates more pragmatically. ''A typical student is someone whogoes to sleep around two or three 0' clock inthe morning, gets up at any hour the next day,goes to classes, works. in the library, goeshome, studies, fools around with friends for afew hours, and then studies hard until bedtimeat 2:00 or 3:00 A.M. I'm typical," she says."Except I go to bed earlier than that, at around1:00A.M."When asked to describe their fellow fourthyears as a specific category of students, mostof these 20 were at a loss for words. They generally didn't distinguish between students ofone year or another-U of C students are U of C students. If William Rainey Harperwere around to hear their remarks he mightsmile with a sense of accomplishment. Har�per believed that students should graduatewhenever they finished their studies, regard�less of how much or how little time it tookhence the University's quarterly convocationceremonies. "It has been said that such a planwill entirely destroy the class spirit, " Harperwrote in 1891. "There is a certain kind of clasSspirit which should be destroyed. A class spir�it which rises superior to the college spirit andto the spirit of scholarship deserves no exist�ence." Apparently, the class of '92 couldn'tagree more.ATIE NASH HAS NOTICEDit. The Chronicle of Higher Edu�cation has reported it as a nationwide trend. Fourth-yearsare doing it. "It" is volunteering. In additionto the standard extracurricular activities,. emany fourth-year students spend their urnreaching out to the community at large. They1 .. . s atvo unteer at community organizauon ,the University Hospitals, and have evenfounded chapters of such national philawthropic groups as Habitat for Humanity, ��international organization that works WItlOW-income families to construct or rehabilitate housing.History major Anne Hollister serves as sec�etary for the Midwest regional office of Habrtar and also coordinates the office's publicity.Hollister worked with Habitat in her hometown of Groton , Conn., and when she discovered the city of Chicago did not have a chapter�f its own, she helped found one during herfirst year at the U of C. "I think the message ofHabitat -that the best way to change the com�unity is through the community-is reallyImportant. "Patrick Marshall, a fourth-year political science major, volunteers at The Children's Center, an organization run by a Hyde Parkchurch that offers an after-school tutoringprogram for South Side children. "These kidsare from the 46th-, 45th-Street area, a lot ofthem live in housing projects, and there's a lotof violence and drugs-the whole deal that we�on't see at the University," says Marshall.Volunteering is a good thing for me. I'mhelping them, and I also broaden my own per�pect�ves by seeing what else is going on rightUere In my own neighborhood. People at theof C sometimes get stuck in the 'Reg't�eY're so involved in their own academics,t ey forget what the South Side can be like." While not all fourth-years volunteer, as aclass they do show a heightened concern fortheir fellow students-a concern evident intheir choice of the 1992 class gift. This year,instead of bestowing upon the University abench, tree, or fountain, they have chosen togive "the gift of awareness." It's a gift that hasgrown out of campus reaction to the Februaryabduction and rape of a College student. Forthe first time in the recent history of classgifts, the gift committee put the selection up toa class-wide vote. The fourth-years overwhelmingly chose a proposal to help fund anew Resource Center for the Prevention ofSexual Assault. The center is expected to beestablished next fall, and the class campaignto raise the money has already begun-in twoweeks they had raised over $2,240 of their$5,000 goal.HOUGH FIERCELY INDEPENdent in their choice of interests, the20 students interviewed make itclear that they appreciate the University's guiding hand when it comes to academics. Virtually all approve of, and indeedenjoy, the Common Core-the College's curriculum of general education that requirescourses in humanities, social sciences, physi- Name: Suzanne D. RyanHometown: Monteville, N.1.Transferredto the U of CBecause: "I wanted a realeducation. "Evolution ofmajor: From advertising tophotojournalism tosociology to English tolinguistic anthropologyto religion. "I transferredsomewhere around theEnglish major."Activities: Motet Choir; UniversityChorus; RockefellerChoir.Aftergraduation: Graduate study in operaat DePaul University.Quote: "My roommates took meto the library every day ofmy first quarter here forabout four hours a night.They said, 'This is whatyou do here.' And theyloved it, so I loved it. Idid sort of shut out anyhopes of a social life for awhile until I really foundwhat I wanted to findhere."cal sciences, biological sciences, foreign language, mathematical sciences, musical andvisual arts, and civilization studies. "Becauseof the Core I had a fabulous class in astrophysics my first year, " says history major FrancesRosenfeld. "It was the best class I've ever hadhere, even including my history classes. Forme, it was sort of an awakening. Now I readthe science section in the New Yark. Times, andgo to the planetarium, and even read sciencefiction to a degree that I never would havebefore."Religion major Suzanne D. Ryan, who transferred from Boston University, says that whenshe was deciding between Chicago and BrownUniversity, Chicago won out specifically because ofthe Common Core. "I really trustedwhat the U of C told me I had to learn," saysRyan. "And everything I have learned here iscoming around, and relating to what I'm doing now-even my physics classes."This Core might in fact have something to dowith the diversity of majors the Collegefourth-years have chosen. By far their mostpopular choice is economics-l17 fourthyears have chosen it. Biology and Englishrank second with 89 students each. PoliticalUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/juNE 1992 25Name: Betty NgHometown: Hong KongMajor: EconomicsActivities: University of Chicagoyearbook; ChineseStudents Association;International StudentsOrganization; UniversityTheater; Social SciencesStudent AdvisoryCommittee.For fun: "I like to knock onpeople's doors andprevent them fromstudying."Aftergraduation: Return to Hong Kong andlook for a job in businessjournalism.Quote: "Here, everybody is verysmart. So even if you geta B + it doesn't mean youare below average. Youlearn to view things fromanother perspective, youconstantly reevaluateyour ability and yourperformance. It's aprocess ofself-discovery. "science is the third most popular major with87 students; psychology is fourth with 74.Other disciplines with substantial numbers ofmajors include philosophy, mathematics,physics, history, and public policy. Virtuallyall are subjects required by the CommonCore.Almost without fail, these students creditthe University with living up to another of itsadmissions brochures' promises-teachingthem how to think. Take Leela deSouza. At27, the psychology major is a bit older thanmost fourth-years. After graduating fromhigh school in 1983, she spent five years dancing professionally with Chicago's HubbardStreet Dance Company. The switch to thecomparati vel y sedentary existence of a U of Cundergraduate was hard, but even more difficult, she says, was learning critical thinkingskills. "Here they teach you to question, notjust look for the answer. That was very foreignto me," says deSouza. "Before I came here, Ihad always just regurgitated answers I hadmemorized or found answers like a puzzle.Here, they ask you to think, they ask you towrite about what you think." She adds, "Itreally transforms your mind."Patrick Phillips, who is completing a dual degree-a bachelor's in public policy and a mas-26 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/juNE 1992 ter's in social science-agrees. "Intellectually,I think I developed much more here than Iwould have any other place. I was constantlychallenged. I couldn't just voice an opinion outof frustration or anger or emotion," he says. "Ilearned to really think about things I said beforeI said them. I learned to substantiate what I hadto say before I said it. "These critical thinking skills may have paidoff. Forty-four percent of the College seniorshave a grade point average between 3.0 and3.4; 20 percent have a OPA of3.5 or higher;and 28 percent have a OPA between 2.5 and2.9. And many of them don't want to leave thefamiliar ivy-covered walls of academe aftergraduation. Twelve of the students interviewed are going directly to graduate schoolin the fall. And of the eight who are not, sixsay they plan eventually to attend graduateschool. This percentage is not confined to theMagazine's sample. The College dean's officesurveys students each year and of those whograduated last year, more than 90 percent saidthey planned to continue their education within the next five years.Does the class of 1992 feel ready for postgraduate life? If post -graduate life means entering graduate programs, the answer to thequestion is decidedly yes. "This University prepared me for what I'm going to do for therest of my life: just being a person," saysManish Shah, a biology major who will attend medical school at Rochester Universityin the fall. "I learned how to write, how tospeak, how to negotiate," he says. "I'm moreperceptive. ""The University has prepared me extremelywell for graduate school," confirms PaulErickson, English major and sports editor forthe Maroon. But Erickson, who is decidingbetween the University of California atBerkeley, Stanford, the University of Virgiwia, Johns Hopkins, and Emory, is not so surehe'd be this confident ifhe had to look for ajobafter graduation. "I don't know how well itprepares you for a real-world job in businesSor something like that." Psychology major Juliana Ekong, who will attend medical schoolat either Harvard or the University of SanFrancisco in the fall, shares those doubts:"We learn a lot; we don't specialize. It's woWderful, but I'm not sure how practical it is.".You don't spend four or five years at an instItution without wishing. you could changesomething about the place. All of the studen�could name at least one thing about the U ofthey wished were different. Some complaintswere weightier than others. Anne Flueckiger,Who is earning' dual Russian civilizationbachelor's and social sciences master's degrees, and who chairs the Documentary FilmGroup, would like to see the end of some prevalent campus stereotypes: "After five years,I've gotten so tired of hearing, 'The men areUgly,' 'The women are ugly,' 'We're so greatbut nobody knows about this place. ' ",Many seniors lamented the growing classSIZe. While there are only about 100 more students in the College now than in 1988 (3,447as opposed to 3,332) they insist their classesare more crowded than when they were firstYears. "I see too many classes, " notes physicsmajor Peter Wang, "where the limit is 25 to 30People. That's just too big. A good limit is 15People.""Classes are a lot bigger," Juliana Ekongagrees, "than I was led to believe by the bro�hures the University sent out. And even theommon Core classes are getting bigger. "A.nother issue mentioned frequently,though primarily by the women students, was:�ack of faculty diversity. "I have a problemlth the lack of women professors," sayschhemistry major Quinetta Shelby. "In thec e .mlstry department there is only one fe-�ale professor. I think there should be moreack professors-more female and more black professors-especially in science.""There is an embarrassingly low number ofboth women and minority professors," concurs Frances Rosenfeld. "There's a lot theUniversity could do to change that. The complaint is that there are not enough good candidates," she adds, "but I think that's baloney."N UNABASHEDLY UNSCIentific poll of the sample groupshowed why the University cansupport a coffee shop in nearlyevery academic building: forty percentnamed coffee a favorite beverage. Another 20percent or so confessed to quaffing largequantities of the stuff, while not particularlyliking it, "I'm the only U of C student I knowwho doesn't drink coffee about 18 milliontimes a day, " says physics major Don Smith,whose own beverage of choice is a "nice, tallglass of skim milk." Water placed second inthe poll (four votes), and diet cola and tea tiedfor third place with three votes each. Mountain Dew, the soft drink beloved on campusesnationwide for its maximum caffeine content,got only one mention, as did milkshakes ofany flavor, and Welch's white grape juice.One senior with tropical taste buds favored a"Virgin Piria Colada." Name: Patrick PhillipsHometown: DetroitMajor: A.B. in public policy,A.M. in social sciences.Activities: Organization of BlackStudents (president1990-91); UniversityTheater; StudentNeighborhoodAwareness Project;deejay, Sunday morningjazz show, WHPK.If he could doit alloveragain, hewould: "Take more economicsclasses. "Aftergraduation: Investment bankingtrainee, Northern TrustBank, Chicago.Quote: "I've learned not to takethings so seriously all thetime. I've learned there'smore to Chicago thanHyde Park. There's moreto Hyde Park than theUniversity of Chicago.There's more to the U ofC than the Regenstein."In other trivia, the sample group showedwhy the Bookstore devotes such a relativelysmall amount of floor space to U of C paraphernalia. While 12 out of the 20 students admit to owning a U of C sweatshirt or T-shirt (orshorts, or sweater, or hat), many say they never wear the stuff. Leela deSouza rarely donsthe one yellow U of C sweatshirt that shebought recently. "I feel kind of silly wearing itaround campus." Music major Ed Funk hasperhaps the best reason for not owning clothing proclaiming his alma mater. "I never buymyself clothes. My wardrobe consists solelyof gifts."But besides a taste for java and sweatshirtsthat seldom see the light of day, over the yearsthese 20 seniors have acquired a few beliefsabout life's non-trivial pursuits. "I learned notso much to deal with things in terms of blackand white, but recognize that there really wasmuch more to interacting with other studentsthan just specifically, 'I'm black, you'rewhite. I'm male, you're female, '"says Patrick Phillips. "I evolved from being kind ofmyopic.""I'm more understanding of other people'sviews now," Juliana Ekong says of her U ofCexperience. "Many of my ideas havechanged."UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 27Small Cards,PictureThe 1890s were a decaderich in enduring innovations. Some, like motionpictures, were epochal.Others seem more homely. Amongthese last is an item with strong Chicago connections: the American picturepostcard.Few graphic novelties have achievedso rich and evocative a history. Simultaneously instruments of communication, statements of identity, andrecords of activity, tens of millions ofpicture postcards have been printedduring the last hundred years. Theirevolution, so long taken for granted(though never by collectors), has recently begun to attract the attention ofscholars, antiquarians, journalists,and filmmakers-captivated by theirdiversity and powerful impact, as wellas by the dozens of historical, technological, and environmental questionsthey can assist in answering.No absolutely secure date fixes thepicture postcard's appearance, for much depends on how its attributes aredefined. Private correspondencecards were patented in the 1860s, andnot long thereafter (some 30 years after the 1839 invention of the postagestamp) came government-issued correspondence cards in Austria, France,Great Britain, and the United States.With their already imprinted stamps,they offered purchasers economy andconvenience.For 20 years after it was first sold in1873, an unadorned, one-cent issuemonopolized the U.S. postcard field,but Europeans enjoyed more colorfulchoices. In the 1880s and early 1890spicture postcards-some inscribedwith greetings from great cities or picturesque villages-competed for tourist patronage as souvenirs. On oneside, often below or beside the images,correspondents scribbled a brief message; on the other there was room for aname and address.Meanwhile, Americans, as theworld's most aggressive advertisers, were developing printed postcards tosell goods and services; they were useful reminders for coming events andspecial sales. But view cards for personal messages were slower to appear,with fears voiced about the threat toprivacy they posed. It took the wellpublicized splendor of Chicago's Columbian Exposition of 1893, with itsunparalleled crowds of visitors, topopularize the picture postcard in theUnited States.Many consider the officially commissioned "White City" sets, decorated with views of the fair's famousbuildings, America's first true souvenir postcards. Some were sold in Chicago before the fair opened as part ofthe advance publicity, but most weredistributed by the franchise holder,Charles W. Goldsmith, at the exposition itself. Ten for 25 cents, theyalong with some unofficial imitations-constituted an appealing and inexpensive novelty.During the next five years manyPost offices were inundated, moralists outraged, fan clubs formed.Bardly a city, event, or building went uncommemorated. By 1906,the American picture postcard was here to stay.By Neil Barris28 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 CHICAGO,",The cheering coed waving a pennant aloft (left)-a staple of campuspostcards at other colleges anduniversities-represents an anomalyin the University of Chicago postcard literature, where stately architectural shots have always dominated. As the linen-weave postcarddepicting the campus'sfirst building, Cobb Hall (top), makes plain,the basic look of the University'squadrangles has changed very little Over the years-although the treeshave gotten taller. In contrast, anearly 20th-century picture postcardshowing a children's party in nearbyWashington Park (above) is verymuch a period piece-as is aninterior of Hutchinson Commons(below), taken in a more formal erawhen the College's studentssegregated by sex-routinely dressedup for dinner, which was served by acorps of white-coated waiters.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 29Waikef GeologicalMuseum.University ofChicagoother view cards were printed, despitethe fact that, at two cents per card, theycost twice as much to mail as the plain,government-issued cards. This inequity-and the pioneer postcard eraended when an 1898 Act of Congressgave private publishers the right toproduce view cards that could beposted for the same price as governmentcards.While card publishing grew in the1890s, ittended to be local and limited. Picture cards from this decade arerelatively scarce (and expensive). Butby 1905 or so, Americans had embraced souvenir view cards with enormous enthusiasm. A multitude ofprinters-many of them foreign-anddistributors ensured that hardly anycommunity, event, building, celebrity, holiday, activity, or sentimentwould go unnoticed or uncommemorated. One observer estimated in1906 that 150,000 varieties of picturepostcards were available in the UnitedStates-sold in department stores,barber shops, drug stores, and hotels.They put extraordinary pressure onthe postal service.Postcards were also an early masscollectible, and clubs formed tospread the habit. Conservative moralists flayed "postal carditis" as a "foreign infection," brought 'to Americavia Munich and Berlin, epitomizingtrivial, superfluous curiosity and encouraging laziness: Why write a serious and truly descriptive letter, theyasked derisively, when a small cardsaved so much time?Despite the satiric attacks, pictureNeil Harris is the Preston and Sterling Morton professor in history. During the past decade, he has collected"too many" postcards-includingthose used to illustrate this article. postcards flourished. What many ofthem did-besides providing outletsfor artists, advertisers, political sati--rists, and sentimentalists-was toidentify geographic sites and culturalinstitutions with specific edifices andimages. Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, and New York became synonymous with Faneuil Hall, the LibertyBell, the Capitol, and the Statue ofLiberty.Individual structures, like NewYork's Flatiron building and theBrooklyn Bridge, or settings like Coney Island and Central Park, were represented in literally hundreds of versions- in color, in black and white, atnight, from below, from above, discolored, distorted, caricatured, printedin parts, or covered with gauze. Thecards prepared eager visitors for anticipated tours, allowed them to impressfriends and relatives back home, andidentified proud natives with the glories of their landscape.Chicago, in the first decadeof the century, offeredmuch to the postcard makers. The crowded streetsand new skyscrapers of the Loop, thedepartment stores, the busy river andits many bridges, the park system,Michigan Avenue and the Art Institute, great hotels like the PalmerHouse and the Grand Pacific: their images survive in great numbers, alongwith industrial settings like the stockyards, railroad stations, City Hall, andthe elegant boulevards lined with expensive homes.But along with such obviouschoices, a surprisingly large proportion of early 20th-century Chicagopostcards bear scenes from the University of Chicago, testament to itssudden prominence and the appeal of30 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 the almost instant campus. In fact,these early cards broadcast an imageof the University that proved remarkably steady over time.From the start, their emphasis wasoverwhelmingly architectural. Theearliest cards in my own group of several hundred seem typical. Mailed inFebruary 1904 from an ''Aunt Annie"to a relative in Oak Park, they bearphotographs of the spanking new"Club House Group" (HutchinsonCommons and the Reynolds Club),the women's dormitories-Foster,Kelly, Beecher, and Green-and theHaskell Oriental Museum, today'shost for the anthropology department-where ''Aunt Annie" claimed she mornings.The cards Aunt Annie sent werepublished, �s most of the University'scards were, in a series- in this case, bYE. C. Kropp, a well-known MilwaUkee producer. Such a group of separatecards of the same place by the samewriter made for an unusual find in on�of the many flea markets and postcar tbourses I have visited. While AU�Annie wrote about life at the U nivers�ty, other Kropp cards I own frorn thISsame period are either blank and uOimailed, or bear messages-casua, va-comments about health, relatIves,hi g tocations, or work-having not 10do with the pictorial subject. ,But those seeking glimpses of Vn1- IMany postcards tried to capture theGrey City as a whole; to make iteasier to see what's what, the numbered legend (left) provides a miniguide. To give a fresh look to familiar buildings, publishers resorted tostylistic variations: a vignette ofWalker Museum (page 30, left), anembossed rendition of the Museumof Science and Industry (top, left).If campus structures didn't changemuch over the years, hemlines did;at bottom right, the sender updatedan old card by drawing a line tonote skirts' upward mobility. Otherpostcards show what used to be:sheep grazing in Jackson Park, apre-Lake Shore Drive view northtoward the city, bucolic tenniscourts, and a bathing beach atone of Hyde Park's old resorthotels.\Ie .S rsay life can sometimes find them.ce�enty or more years ago.' like today,f �Icago students writing family andfIends claimed to be working hard,�� �ad many of the same needs to fill.I fItIng her mother in Davenport,t�\Va, one Twenties students declared,,�surroundings beautiful, but added,th Y the way, please be sure to insure: laundry case when you send it.". Row would you like to study bonesIn this building?" "Uncle Charlie"asked Billy Barton of Anderson Indiana, in 1911. The Physiology Bdilding�as on the reverse side. "This is someace for work" another studentcOnfessed. . ,Scenes of gothic splendor-theiOung trees and thin vegetation con-rastin . hg Wit the apparently ancient buildings-reinforced the University's image as a place apart. As onepostcard writer observed, "The university bldgs are a city by themselves." "Note ivy on buildings,"wrote another back to Kansas in 1925."They all have it." And below oneparticularly alluring Midway scene,another writer declared in 1906, "lamnot here but would not object if Iwere."Some were not totally impressed."This is the place where I shall soon beflogging Greek," one Missourianwrote home in 1906, using a postcardof Haskell. But, he or she added reassuringly, "[I] haven't seen anythingyet to beat the K. C. suburbs."Just about every campus structurecan be found on one card or another,although Cobb, the dormitories, andUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 31the Tower group enjoyed specialprominence. And, from the first yearsof the century, postcards tried to capture the quadrangles as a whole, toshow the campus from overhead, fromthe Midway, or in long perspectives, toemphasize its scale and extent.Conspicuously absent from University of Chicago cards are sports and hijinks, prom queens and varsity athletes. Other college and universitycards of this era abounded with pennant waving coeds and scenes of football mayhem, with class fights, boatraces, and dormitory parties. True, anoccasional football scene or a flirtatious undergraduate crept into the Chicago postcard literature, 'along withdepictions of cheering crowds at StaggField and exercise classes in BartlettGymnasium, but these are rare andhard-to-find.And although indoor scenesHutchinson Commons, Ida Noyes,Harper Library-appear in some ofthe larger publishers' series, they usually subordinate individuals to broadarchitectural effects, much as the exterior cards do. While details of dress(and sometimes of automobile design)add a touch of specificity, they are nor- mally peripheral and don't challengethe overwhelming impression of imposing, elaborate, extensive buildingsset amid manicured lawns and leafytrees.On the University postcards it is invariably summer or spring, with anoccasional snowy scene adding atouch of winter romance. Surroundings are lush and placid, even static.Indeed, the timelessness of the campus scenes makes dating them ratherdifficult. One can work through thepublishers and the card numbers (aswell as postmarks when they are visible) to assign specific moments totheir printing or purchase. But the angles and groupings remain constant;campus views made 80 years ago seemalmost exactly what they look like today. Only the absence of certain buildings on the central quadranglesHarper Library (completed in 1912),the Administration Building, the postwar science laboratories-gives thedate away.The stability of the larger campus,often so reassuring to returning alumni, necessarily challenges the ingenuity of the postcard maker. In fact, likeother art forms, postcard making has32 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 This rare, double-fold postcard(above) shows a football game atMarshall Field, Stagg Field's predecessor. Another rarity is the snowy"Chicago in Winter" scene. TheShoreland (top left) was one ofmirrored changing tastes. Some transformations have been technical. Offset and color printing methodsevolved, along with the character ofthe cardboard surfaces. At one time,real photo cards, with actual photographs printed on postcard backs-enjoyed a vogue. In the Twenties andThirties, linen postcards gave a special cast to the scenes.Other changes have been stylistic.The sinuous elaborations of the artnouveau era, seen in the intricate borders surrounding postcard vignettes,give way to more angular positions.Artist photographs in black and white,signed and copyrighted by individualphotographers, or pen-and-inksketches, by artists like Vernon HoweBailey, suggest still more ambitious,even pretentious, aims.The publishers also varied. In theearly years, like many other Americanscenes, University postcards were often printed in Germany. Homegrownsponsors like the University of Chicago Bookstore and the University ofChicago Press commissioned series ofsemi-official views, usually sold righton campus. And then there were thenames familiar to any postcard collec- Hyde Park's many splendid turn-ol:the century hotels; by the 1950s,most had been replaced by motels(like the Shore Drive, bottom left).And, yes, the postcards' senderstor, like Curt Teich (a firm which hassince established the country's firstpostcard museum at Wauconda, nearLibertyville), Max Rigot, V. O. Ha�mon, Raphael Tuck, and DetroitPublishing.In recent years, after a period of indifference and neglect, University ofChicago postcards have benefitedfrom attention by contemporary phOtographers, whose work has alsOappeared in campus calendars. Thecurrent absorption with photographYas an art form has vitalized somepostcard formats, although the sur�ealist and expressionist fantasies WhiCh. thave overtaken celebrity and toUnScards have not yet extended to theUniversity. .In some ways even more instruCtivethan the campus cards are the hundreds of cards promoting the morevarious-and transitory-diversionSand appeals of Hyde park-KenwoO�during the last century. If the �entr;dcampus continues to resemble Its 0dpictures, the glimpses of Jackson anWashington parks (with grazing sheep,boating parties, and a Japanese te�house), of superbly elegant hotels anrestaurants, of street scenes and storesometimes used the cards to writeabout life at the University of Chicago: '�unt Annie" attended Sundayschool at Haskell. .fronts, now exist only in memory.The very topography has been radically changed, a fact made clear by oldPhotographs of Hyde Park's beachfront hotels, which now stand hundreds of yards from the shores of LakeMichigan, separated from the waterby landfill and roadways. Minor sug?estions of Atlantic City can be foundIn Chicago Tribune-sponsored beautyCOntests on the esplanade of the oldChicago Beach Hotel. Here also canbe seen the Del Prado when it stood on�ashington Avenue and the Midway.The Most Beautiful Boulevard inA.merica," boasted one card.SUch cards do more than stir nos tal?ic emotions. As the only survivingImages of major buildings, park landscapes, shopping districts, and roadsYstems, they serve essential documentary functions, projecting theCharacter of the neighborhood 40 60a . ' ,nd 80 years ago.Still available, even if nolonger ten for a quarter, yesterday's picture postcardsti are hunted by collectors naIon .I Wide. Hundreds of books and cat-a ogs service those collectors, some of whom claim the title of deltiologists(based on the Greek for small picture).They buy, sell, and trade at an almostunending series of fairs, and meet asmembers of collecting clubs. Theirgreat stacks of cartons-some findshoe boxes to be the perfect files forpostcards-display the dreams andmemories of generations.Such activity serves purposes transcending nostalgia. As cataloging becomes more precise and comprehensive, we will learn more about theimage banks developed by earlier generations of Americans. Selectivelyframed, racially stereotyped, subjectbiased, picture postcards certainlywere, but as such they offer a comprehensive route into the evolution ofnational prejudices and tastes, as wellas the recovery oflocal memories. Historians will draw on them increasinglyin their studies of representation.As American picture postcards begintheir second century, we are remindedonce again how quickly the ephemeraof one generation become the eruditionof the next. And reminded, as well, ofthe power these homely images retainin an era of digitalized electronic reproduction. For the amateur antiquarianand the social archaeologist alike, thepicture postcard will remain an unparalleled source of curiosity and informed delight.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 33In collecting folktales from hisnative India, A. K. Ramanujanhonors the human impulse totell, and retell, stories.By Jamie Kalven34 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992Several of the hundred-odd tales inA. K. Ramanujan's recently published Folktales from India tell of stories that change form and inflict revenge on those who don't tell them. In one, aSong a woman knows but never sings and a story she knows but never tells escape throughher mouth while she sleeps and assume the�orms of a man's coat and a pair of shoes, causIng her husband to fly into a jealous rage. Inanother, four stories a man has carried insidehim, untold, since childhood, conspire to killhim so they can go live with someone else.Stories, warns Ramanujan, demand to betold. It is dangerous to neglect them or hoardthem. "They hate it when they are not passedon to others," he observes, "for they cancome into being again and again only in thatact of translation. "Of the various perils life may hold for Ral11anujan, it is unlikely he will be set uponby vengeful tales. For he is a most generousstoryteller, delighting his friends and theirchildren, his colleagues, and readers with aseemingly inexhaustible fund of stories. Thatnarrative current now flows through Folktalesfrom India, a selection of tales drawn from�o�e 3,000 stories in 22 Indian languages andOVIngly retold by a folklorist who is also a�riter of distinction. (In this respect, the bookIS kin to an earlier volume in the same seriesthe Pantheon Fairy Tale and Folklore Library-!talo Calvino's Italian Folktales.)h A poet, translator, and scholar, Ramanujanas moved back and forth throughout his care�r between languages, genres, and disciP�Ines. The William E. Colvin professor int e Department of South Asian Languagesand Civilizations, he is also a member of both the Department of Linguistics and the Committee on Social Thought. He has publishedseveral volumes of poetry in English and inKannada. He has translated works of Tamiland Kannada literature. And, as an anthropologist and linguist, he has written extensivelyon Indian culture." My intellectual life and my emotional lifeare not two different things," he observes. "Idon't want to draw that sort ofline." His wideranging career has been animated, in his telling of the story, by the themes and questionsarising out of a complex, demanding culturalinheritance.Born in 1929 into a Brahmin family, he grewup in the city of Mysore in an area of South India where Kannada is spoken. His parents,natives of Madras, were Tamil speakers."Our house had three levels. Downstairs wasa dining area and kitchen. Here Tamil wasspoken. Upstairs was where my father lived.He was a mathematician, an astronomer."English and Sanskrit were the upstairs languages. On top of the house was a terrace,open to the sky, where his father would pointout constellations and tell the children theirEnglish and Sanskrit names. From the terrace, one could also look out over theKannada-speaking city and down at theneighboring cowherd colony "where one sawdogs copulating and cows being serviced andlearned all the choicest obscene words."''As we grew up, " Ramanujan recalled, "weall migrated upstairs. We would be all aroundmy father as he worked, talking with each other, reading, playing chess." At the same time,there was the pull of the downstairs realm offood, female presences, and folktales. InRamanujan's family, stories were told to children not at bedtime, but at dusk as they atethe evening meal. The storyteller was a grandmother or an aunt or perhaps a cook-not thechildren's mother or another authorityfigure.To run up and down the stairs of his parents'house was thus to pass between distinct but interconnected worlds. Articulating the relationships between those worlds has been acentral theme of his life and work."Sanskrit and English were our fathertongues, " he says, "Tamil and Kannada wereour mother tongues." Sanskrit was the language of the Indian past; English was the language of colonial India and the West. Themother tongues belonged to "the world ofwomen, playmates, children, and servants."Speaking of those, like himself, who havebeen "blessed and handicapped" by thesethree language traditions-Sanskrit, English,mother tongue-he has written that each tradition was "an other to the others, and it became the business of a lifetime for some of usto keep the dialogues and quarrels alive and tomake something of them."R amanujan's efforts to make something of those tensions play throughhis poetry and have, colleagues say,enriched and enlarged the field ofIndian studies. He arrived at the University ofChicago in 1961, after some ten years spentteaching in South India, and soon became akey figure in a movement within Indianstudies to make the field more inclusiveembracing mother tongues as well as Sanskrit, and South India as well as North.According to Wendy Doniger, . an authorityon Hindu mythology and the Mircea EliadeUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 35professor in the Divinity School and the Committee on Social Thought, Ramanujan's impact has been profound. "By argument and bythe example of his wonderful translations,"says Doniger, "Raman and his students havemoved the center of the universe from Sanskrit to the vernacular languages. He makesthe word 'Indian' mean something more thanSanskrit and ancient."The mother tongues that began to be taughtat Chicago and elsewhere in the 1960sBengali, Hindi, Tamil, Telegu, etc.-haveTell It tothe WallsA poor widow lived with her twosons and two daughters-in-law.All four of them scolded and illtreated her all day. She had no oneto whom she could turn and tell her woes. Asshe kept all her woes to herself, she grew fatter and fatter. Her sons and daughters-inlaw now found that a matter for ridicule.They mocked at her for growing fatter by theday and asked her to eat less.One day, when everyone in the house hadgone out somewhere, she wandered awayfrom home in sheer misery and found herself walking outside town. There she saw adeserted old house. It was in ruins and hadno roof. She went in and suddenly felt lonelier and more miserable than ever; she foundshe couldn't bear to keep her miseries to herself any longer. She had to tell someone.So she told all her tales of grievanceagainst her first son to the wall in front ofher. As she finished, the wall collapsed under the weight of her woes and crashed tothe ground in a heap. Her body grew lighteras well.Then she turned to the second wall and toldit all her grievances against her first sonswife; Down came that wall, and she grewlighter still. She brought down the third wallwith her tales against her second son, andthe remaining fourth wall, too, with hercomplaints against her second daughterin-law.Standing in the ruins, with bricks and rubble all around her, she felt lighter in moodand lighter in body as well. She looked atherself and found she had actually lost all theweight she had gained in her wretchedness.Then she went home.From Folktales from India by A. K. Ramanujan.© 1991 by A. K. Ramanujan. Reprinted by permissionofPantheon Books, a division ofRandom House, Inc.36 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 rich literatures. Ramanujan and his colleagues have, through their translations, begun to give English-speaking readers a taste ofthose literatures. Because the mother tonguesare also the vehicles for the oral traditions ofIndia, in asserting their place in Indian studies, Ramanujan also asserts the importanceof those oral traditions to the study of Indiansociety.An earlier generation of anthropologists, influenced by Robert Redfield of the Universityof Chicago, had distinguished between "thegreat tradition" (prestigious, ancient, panIndian, its authority grounded in Sanskrittexts) and "the little traditions" (local, oral,non-literate). They valued and studied the former. In contrast, Ramanujan sees the oral traditions of India- "literature without letters"-as "the wide base of the Indian pyramid onwhich all other Indian literatures rest. "Influenced by text theory in literary criticism and philosophy, he has argued for abroader view of what texts are and for a moredynamic view of the relations between them:"Oral traditions of every kind produce texts.In a sense, every cultural performance is a textin itself." This line of thought yields a visionof Indian society, in all its dimensions andstrata, as "permeated by oral traditions, tales,jokes, beliefs, and rules of thumb not yetfound in books. "These oral traditions often stand in a "subversive" relationship to the" official" culture.They are a medium for counter-traditions tothe dominant traditions, for critiques and satires that display the underside of the reigningideas and norms-a counter-realm in whichthe unsaid can be spoken, oppressive silencesbroken, and the most difficult subjects addressed. Such traditions" give voice to peoplewho are deemed voiceless and unprivilegedlike women and children, the lowly, thepoor, and the unlettered." They are, Ramanujan believes, "a domain of freedom andresistance. "He has been particularly interested, in recent years, in exploring the counter-realm represented by what he calls "women-centeredtales." The stories he and other folkloristscollect are largely told by "nonprofessionalhousehold tellers" -usually women. Hence,the voices that speak through his retellings areoften women's voices. In the tales in whichmen are protagonists, women figure mostly asprizes at the end of the man's quest. Such talesoften end with a marriage. But in womencentered tales, men are usually "wimps, ruledby mothers, mistresses, wives." Rather thanending with a marriage, the tales frequentlystart with a marriage. That's where the woman's troubles begin. For example, she mustdomesticate an animal husband or contendwith the intrigues and cruelties of her husband's family. The resolution of such tales often hinges on the woman telling her storyand being heard.R amanujan began systematically collecting folktales- "from other people's grandmothers" -in his earlytwenties, after meeting an American folklorist who introduced him to international indices of types and motifs of folktales.r He made the exciting discovery that "thestories I was hearing were told around theworld."Over time, however, he has come to resistthe search for universal types. "The search foruniversals," he argues, "blinds one to therichness of the text." According to Doniger,Ramanujan's impact on the study of folkloreresides in his insistence on "literal translationin detail rather than summaries. An earliergeneration of folklorists would tell the story,in summary form, of the Brahmin and theGoat. Raman asks, the white goat or thebrown goat? the Brahmin from this village orthat village? who told the story? what was thesetting? and so on. He concentrates on thevariable details rather than the general type."''All meaning lies in the particulars," hesays. "I've always believed that in literature,but I didn't believe it in social science. NoW Ido. The archetypes are only useful to pointone to the particulars."Ramanujan would like to record again someof the stories he took down early in his career.He would ask different questions now, hesays, and would pay more attention to the context of each telling.He is also interested in the question of nowthe oral traditions of India will be affected bythe electronic media fast blanketing the subcontinent. Soon after finishing work on thefolktale collection, he went to India for sixweeks during which he watched a good deal oftelevision. "The question is: if all the familieshave TV, will the stories get told? I don't knowthe answer. There's not much to be encouraged by in the experience elsewhere."While he acknowledges the possibility thatthe electronic media will, over time, impoverish India's rich narrative traditions, he doeSnot assume this will be the case. There is anunderlying optimism in his expansive view oforal traditions and his conviction that humanbeings not only tell stories but are, in a fundamental sense, constituted of stories. ApropoSof the impact of new technologies, he retells astory he came upon in the writings of GregoryBateson:A man has an immensely powerful computer into which he has fed vast amounts of information. He asks it, "Doyoucomputewhethe;,you will ever think like a human being?Whirring away, the machine goes through it:computations. Finally, it prints out its answer."THAT REMINDS ME OF A STORY."lumni ChronicleStudents ore olumni, tooAt the end oflast year, four student volunteersfor the Alumni Association got together anddecided they wanted to do more. "We workedOut a mission," says David Zwarycz, '93,president of the newly formed Student Alumni Association, "to develop a relationship between the student and the University beforethe student departs from the University."To meet that challenge, this year the SAAhas hosted a number of events devised to increase contact between current students andalUmni and to foster a sense of class affinity.For example, in February the SAA took on aNew Orleans spirit when it sponsored a"Mardi Gras" party=complete with authentic parade beads and souvenir cups= for thesophomore class. Nearly 300 second-years�ttended the party, held at the Cloisters ClubIn Ida Noyes."One of the greatest things about the SAA,"says Z warycz, "is that students have the opPOrtunity to organize and execute almost anyp.rogram they can imagine, as long as it is conSIstent with our mission and our budget. " This year, for the first time in the group'seight-year history, it has attained RecognizedStudent Organization status-allowing it to,among other things, reserve space in Ida N oyes Hall at no charge, and to apply for fundingfrom Student Government. The SAA is opento all University students.The lost donceThe Alumni Association is busily preparingfor the final Gala Centennial Dinner Danceto be held Saturday, October 3, at the Fairmont Hotel in Chicago. University trustee B.Kenneth West, MBA'60, is chair for the event.President Hanna Holborn Gray will be amongthe distinguished guests at the dinner.The October dance tops off a year of galasheld across the country in celebration of theUniversity's 100th birthday. The first tookplace last November in New York City'SRockefeller Center. A second gala in November was held in Washington, D.C.'sRitz-Carlton Hotel. The West Coast hostedback-to-back dinners in February: at SanFrancisco's Sheraton Palace and at the Bev-�n Francisco Gala Dinner attendees from left to right: Rose Director Friedman, PhB '32;G elena O'Brien Shultz; George P. Shultz; Milton Friedman, AM'33; Hanna HolbomJ{ay; Anne Billinghurst Moses, AB '72, AM'77, MBA'77, organizing chair; Robertalperin, PhB'47, trustee and honorary chair. , erly Hills Hotel in Los Angeles.Honored guests who spoke at the dinners included David Rockefeller, PhD'40; JamesWatson, PhB'46, SB'47; John Chancellor,NBC-TV news anchor; George P. Shultz;Edward Rosenheim, AB'39, AM'46,PhD'53; Milton Friedman, AM'33; StanleyMosk, PhB'33; Edward C. Stone, SM'59,PhD'64; and University President Gray.The dances were especially memorable,says Alumni Association Executive DirectorJeanne Buiter, because "every constituencyof the University and the alumni communitywas involved in planning the events." Attendees for the events included trustees, alumniof all ages, parents, and friends.The Alumni Association would like to thankmembers of the local committees for theirwork in making each dinner a success.Hullo, guvsThis April, nine alumni were elected to twoyear (July 1, 1992-June 30, 1994) terms onthe Alumni Association Board of Governors.New to the board are: Caroline Heck, AB'71;Le Roy Hines, Jr., AM'78; MichaelKlingensmith, AB'75, MBA'76; RobertLevey, AB'66; Susan Parker, AB'65; LouiseRehling, AM'70, SM'74; Mary Van Meerendonk, AB'64; Marshall Wais, Jr., AB'63; andGregory Wrobel, AB'75, JD'78, MBA'79.The new members will officially begin theirduties in October.Officers were also elected at the same meeting. They are: William C. Naumann,MBA'75, president; Richard L. Bechtolt,PhB'46, AM'50, vice-president; Jack J.Carlson, AB'40, treasurer; and LindaThoren Neal, AB'64, JD'67, secretary.The Alumni Association would like to thankthe departing members of the board. Theyare: Mark C. Brickell, AB'74; Susan LothWolkerstorfer, AB'72; L. Gordon Crovitz,AB'80; and Stephen M. Slavin, JD'64.Save the JUe Day doteInternational University of Chicago Day willtake place during the weekend of September 19and 20. The celebrations will mark the start ofthe University's second century. Watch for details ofIUC Day in individual cities.Events abroadInternational alumni will have an opportunityto meet President Gray this month. On Monday, June 22, an evening reception with President Gray will be held in London at MorganStanley International. Another evening reception for Gray will be held on Sunday, June28, at the Club France-Amerique in Paris.For information call 3121702-2154.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 37lass News"No news is good news" is one cliche to which we donot subscribe at the Magazine. Please send some ofyour news to the Class News Editor, University ofChicago Magazine, 5757 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago,IL 60637. No engagements, please. Items may beedited for space.21 Ionia Rehm, PhB'21, turned 95 on April7th. For 30-plus years she taught math atSteinmetz High School in Chicago, retiring as chair ofthe department; she now lives in Elmwood Park, IL.34 Jane Sowers Coitman, PhB'34, wants tohear from classmates who live in Floridashe and her husband, John Coltman II, PhB'33, liveat 3401 Spanish Trail, #253G, Delray Beach, FL33483. Rosemary Volk Howland, PhB'34, a grandmother of 14 who has lived in Norwalk, CT, for some45 years, has also served on the Conservation Commission and the Norwalk Symphony Women'sAssociation.35 Senior U.S. district judge for the northerndistrict of Illinois, Hubert L. Will, AB'35,JD'37, received the tenth annual Edward 1. Devittdistinguished service to justice award.36 Thomas Nord Riley, AB'36, went to Europe in 1969, and is now back and living inCalifornia. He writes that "since leaving the University I have been a writer who has killed any number ofmagazines, TV shows, and theaters. In one year or so Iknocked off the Saturday Evening Post, Collier's, andthe American with my short stories. Only RonaldReagan survived my work for General Electric Theater. Because of my love for the University, I promisenot to write anything whatsoever for you!"37 Joan Naumburg Hertzberg, AB'37, hasspent 25 years as a volunteer in White Plains,NY, working with schoolchildren with reading problems. She is also involved with the White Plains DayCare Association and the Scarsdale Historical Society. W. L. Russell, PhD'37, founder of the mammalian genetics section of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's biology division, received a tribute from theeditors of Mutation Research: a special August 1991issue entitled "Mammalian Germ-Cell Mutagenesis"to celebrate Russell's 80th birthday.39 William Burton Sowash, AB'39, AM'41,see 1942, Ruth Mortenson Sowash.41 Sara Richman Harris, AB'41, see 1952,Raymond W. Steblay. David M. Pletcher,AB'41, AM'41, PhD'46, retired after 25 years as aprofessor of history at Indiana University atBloomington. Elizabeth Evans Price, AB'41, istreasurer of the National Goodwill Industries, Volunteer Services, and was recently appointed to her second three-year term with the Suncoast Goodwillboard of directors. Fenton Schaffner, SB' 41,MD'43, is the George Raehr professor emeritus ofmedicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine of theCity University of New York. Howard G. Woody,MD' 41 , retired from his orthopaedic surgery practicein 1984 and now works part time as a consultant for theSocial Security Disability Program.42 William T. Nelson, SB' 42, was honored at areception commemorating his 50-year association with the Cherokee Area Council, Boy Scoutsof America, in Bartlesville, OK; additionally, Febru-38 UNIVERSITYOF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 ary 2, 1992, was designated "Bill Nelson Day" by themayor. Nelson is committee chair of Troop One-theoldest continuously registered scout troop in the U.S.He has also belonged to a Great Books group inBartlesville since 1948.Brad Patterson, AB'42, AM'43, writes in withsome news of his sons: Bruce D. Patterson, AB'70, isa group leader in the PSI/RCA Laboratories in Zurichand continues to teach at the University of Zurich;Glenn G. Patterson, AB'72, is district chief of theColumbia, SC, water resources office of the U.S.Geological Survey. Mildred E.B. Smith, AB'42,who was 43 when she returned to Chicago and earnedher degree, is now 92 and living in a retirement home.She sends best wishes to all her "young classmates."Ruth Mortenson Sowash, AB'42, whose first jobafter graduation was as secretary to Robert M. Hutchins during the WWII years, is now retired with herhusband, William Burton Sowash, AB'39, AM'41,who was an officer in the Foreign Service. Theyserved in Spain, Guatemala, El Salvador, Argentina,and Honduras. Henry J. Tomasek, AB'42, AM'46,PhD' 59, has been both an administrator and a teacherat the University of North Dakota.Guido G. Weigend, SB'42, SM'46, PhD'49, retired in 1989 but continued to teach until the end of1990. He is enjoying" retirement and, after 43 years,some non-academic activities. Allen N. Wiseley,SB'42, MD'44, has been retired for five years andnow spends his time traveling, doing volunteer work,and visiting his grandchildren. Arnold Jacob Wolf,AA'42, X'57, was honored for ten years of service atKAM Isaiah. Israel Congregation in Hyde Park(1981-1991).Robert Wright, AB'42, and his wife, MarilynLeonard Wright, AB'42, have returned fromKeszthely, Hungary, where Robert, a retired city manager, served as a volunteer with the International Executive Service Corps. He assisted the Keszthely citygovernment in preparing proposals for real estate to besold by the city during privatization.43 Helen Quisenberry Ratzer, X'43, see1949, Earl M. Ratzer. Joanne GerouldSimpson, SB'43, SM'45, PhD'49, chief scientist formeteorology at the Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA, received the American Meteorological Society's Charles Franklin Brooks award.Lincoln Wolfenstein, SB'43, SM'44, PhD'49,professor of physics at Carnegie Mellon University,received the 1992 1.1. Sakurai prize for elementaryparticle theory from the American Physical Society.He notes that the late 1.1. Sakurai served for severalyears as a professor of physics at the U of c.45 Charlotte Barker Lackner, AB' 45, has become involved in several volunteer organizations in Chicago since her retirement in 1987. She ispresident of both the Inner Circle of the GoodmanTheater and the Southside Affiliates of the Museum ofContemporary Art. Maynard I. Wishner, AB'45,JD' 47, is chair of the National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council-the national umbrellabody of 117 local Jewish community relations councils around the country and 13 national Jewishorganizations.47 Lester Mouscher, PhB'47, SB'48, vicepresident of Lee B. Stern & Company, Ltd., is also the exchange second vice chair of the ChicagoBoard of Trade.48 Gay Secor Hardy, AB' 48, is the first woman solicitor general of Michigan. Chen NingYang, PhD'48-Einstein professor of physics and director of the theoretical physics institute at SUNYStony Brook, and cowinner of the 1957 Nobel Prize inphysics-has been awarded an honorary doctoratefrom Moscow State University in Russia.49 Earl M. Ratzer, MBA'49, is the secretary/editor for the Illini Precancel Stamp Club,r and writes that his wife, Helen Quisenberry Ratzer,X'43, publishes the Parfins Bulletin. Virgil J. Vogel,AM'49, PhD'66, received the first Shinkle prize forNative American studies for his paper, "AmericanIndian Medicine, Then and Now," given at the Minnetrista Council Conference at Ball State University. Albert L. Weeks, AM' 49, retired professor emeritus atNew York University, publishes columns on Russianand international affairs regularly in the WashingtonTimes, the Christian Science Monitor, and the Washington Inquirer. He is also an adjunct professor, teachingworld affairs, at the Ringling School of Art and Design in Sarasota, FL.50 Walter Chizinsky, SM'50, is retiring asprofessor of biology, associate dean of instruction, and dean of natural sciences and mathematics at Bergen Community College in New Jersey·Sylvia Zion Silverman, MAT'50, is the director ofvolunteer services and patient representatives at Jersey Shore Medical Center in Neptune, N1.51 Irving Horwitz, AB'51, AM'54, formerassociate director of the U ofC Alumni AssOciation, has joined the staff at Montgomery Place, acontinuing care retirement community in Hyde Park,as their networking coordinator. Jay S. Riskind,AB'51, JD'53, retired from the practice of law in1987, earned a master's in photography in 1989 fromColumbia College, and received an M.F.A. in art an.dtechnology this year from the School of the Art InstJ-tute of Chicago. He currently teaches computer art atRay College of Design in Chicago. F. SherwoodRowland, SM' 51, PhD' 52, codiscoverer of the process by which chloroflourocarbon gases deplete theozone layer, was chosen as one of 24 alumni honoredat Ohio Wesleyan University's sesquicentennial.. f52 In April, Robert W. Galvin, X'52, chair 0the executive committee of Motorola Inc.,received the 1991 international award for business eXcellence from the University of Southern CaliforniaSchool of Business Administration. Nathan Keyfitz,PhD'52, is institute scholar and deputy director at t�eInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalySIS.He plans to retire formally in 1993-on his 80th birt�day. Guy A. Marco, AM'52, AM'55, PhD'56, ISnow a senior fellow at the Rosary College GraduateSchool of Library and Information Science in Ri�e�Forest, IL. In addition to teaching, he edits 1hl"World Libraries. 8Anna Rejcha Petrovich, AM'52, retired in 197after more than 50 years in nursing service, education,and administration. Peggy Pepper Schrier, AM'52,writes, "The interests I nourished at the U of C nOwserve me as I share them with the aging" in nurs�n!homes and day care centers; she works for SequlOAdult School and Learning in the San Francisco area.Raymond W. Steblay, MD'52, helped celebrate theUniversity's 100th birthday at a gathering hosted �ySara Richman Harris, AB'41, in Albany, NY hewrites that "one of the younger alumni blew out t ecandles on the cake." There were also two enteringstudents on hand.54 Justin Morris Johnson, AB'54, JD'62: ajudge in the Superior Court ofPennsylvanJ��has been elected a member of the Princeton Theologcal Seminary'S board of trustees. Arnie MatankYfX'54, is president of the International Press Club 0Chicago.55 Davis B. Bobrow, AB'55, AB'56, dean ofthe Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, waselected secretary-treasurer of the Association of Professional Schools ofInternational Affairs.5& Gertrude Stein Pollitt, AM'56, executivedirector of the Center for PsychoanalyticStudy, participated in the 20th anniversary conferenceof the National Federation of Clinical Social Workers,presenting a paper in the Psychoanalytic Section entitled "Melanie Klein's Contribution to Psychoanalysisand Early Childhood Development." George Stricker, AB' 56, resigned recently as dean of the Gordon F.Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies atAdelphi University. At the same time, he was named adistinguished research professor at the school, wherehe will lead a research work group, teach classes, andsupervise doctoral students.5 7 Charles J. Coronella, MBA' 57, is presidentand CEO at Chase Bank of Arizona in Phoenix-a subsidiary of the Chase Manhattan Corporation. Jaro Mayda, JD'57, was the United Nationsconsultant on environmental management legislationto the governments of Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau,and Chile.58 Rudy Bernath, SM'58, was a featuredspeaker at a Society of Manufacturing Engineers seminar on metalworking fluids, held in Cincinnati in March. David W. Johnson, MBA'58, president and CEO of Campbell Soup Company, is the 1992distinguished alumnus of the GSB. He received theaward-and delivered the keynote address-at theschool's annual management conference.E. Thomas Lawson.i Dli'Sfi, AM'61, PhD'63,professor and chair of the department of religion atWestern Michigan University, was honored in Aprilby the Michigan Association of Governing Boards ofState Universities. Martha Silverman Roth, AB'58,has received a Loft-McKnight award for fiction. Thefellowship, endowed by the McKnight Foundation, isawarded through the Loft Literary Center in Minneapolis. Eugene Stivers, PhD'58, has retired after 25years with the psychoeducational processes department at Temple Uriiversity. He plans to "tour all theCeltic countries, and possibly Boston."S9 Barbara Quinn Schmidt, AB'59, chair ofthe English department at Southern IllinoisUniversity at Edwardsville, is currently completingher term as editor of Victorian Periodicals Review.PaUle Verdet, PhD'59, a Boston University professorof sociology, received the third annual Bishop FitzPatrick award in March. She was honored for hermany years of work on behalf of Cambodian immigrants, especially the Hmong people.61 Pam Duncan, AM'61, an associate profes-. sor of clinical psychology at the University ofYlctoria in British Columbia, Canada, is researchingISSues of ethical training in graduate programs whichcover areas of psychotherapy; sexual offenders, actsan? Victims; and gender variations in perceptions ofchIldren. Louis W. Goodman, AM'61, dean of theSchool oflnternational Service at American U niversit�, Was elected president of the Association of ProfessIonal Schools of International Affairs.Elaine Stilwell Locke, AB'61, and Pamela Vanliine, AB'70, were in Singapore last September for�e triennial meeting of the International Federation ofdynecology and Obstetrics. Locke is the associateClrector of practice administration at the American?llege of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and Van�I�e .is the associate director and head librarian in theI IVISlon of education there. Together, they haveOgged 37 years at ACOG.th Geo�ge W. Magner, PhD' 61, interim president ofI' e �nIversity of Houston-Downtown, has received at�fehm� achievement award from the Houston unit of. e NatIOnal Association of Social Workers, recognizIng four decades of contributions to the profession. Our Man in SeoulHe left the U of C to help run asmall family business. Today, CheyJong-Hyon leads one of SouthKorea's largest conglomerates.Ir orChey Jong-Hyon, SM'63, "coming back to the University of Chicago is like coming home." Chey,chairman of the Sunkyong Group, camehome once again in mid-November, thistime to participate in a centennial forum,"Challenges of an Asian Century," sponsored by the University's Center for EastAsian Studies.At the forum, Chey took part in two panels- "Business Cultures and the Impact ofTraditions in East Asia, " at an InternationalHouse gathering on Monday afternoon, and"Redefining Asia: New Economic Realitiesand Alliances," presented to downtownbusiness leaders the next morning. But healso played host to the forum's participants,as well as a number of old Chicago friendsand current Chicago students, at an International House banquet that featured traditional Korean dishes, musicians, and dancers. As they departed, guests were presentedwith compact discs of Korean folk musicthe discs made by Chey's company,Sunkyong.Explaining his generosity, Chey, smilingbroadly, told his guests that, for him, theUniversity has long been something of afamily affair, beginning with his own family: "I met Mrs. Chey at the InternationalHouse" -Chey Kae Hee lived there whilestudying art and philosophy at the University-and "our first son [Tae Won] was born inthe Lying - In Hospital. I brought him back tothe U ofC after he finished his undergradu- ate degree and he met his wife here." TheCheys' family ties to Chicago continue withdaughter Kee Won, who received her A.M.in music this past December. (A second son,Jae Won, who majored in physics at'Brow n,is earning his M.B.A. at Harvard.)Chey first came to Chicago after earning adegree in chemistry from Wisconsin StateUniversity, intent on earning a doctorate ineconomics. But he was soon called home tohelp run the family textile business. Today,that business-South Korea's first producerof synthetic fibers-has grown into one ofthe country's largest chaebols, or giantconglomerates.One of the top 100 companies on the Fortune International 500 list, the SunkyongGroup exemplifies vertical diversification.It's an oil business, says Chey proudly, "thatgoes from petroleum to textiles." One armproduces petroleum products and chemicals. Another manufactures textiles, polyester film, and magnetic tapes and discs. Yetanother acts as a worldwide general tradingcompany, and a fourth division specializesin construction and shipping. Chey notedthat the conglomerate is successfully adapting to the less than rosy international sceneby expanding its role inside Korea: currently, the group is moving into domestic fooddistribution and telecommunications.Chey credits Sunkyong's success to an emphasis on research and development -andto what he calls a "rational" system of management. At the forum, Chey outlined the"Sunkyong Management System." Thatsystem, he says, acts for managers and employees as a kind of business road map,providing a common language and set ofexpectations.Chey's avocation is the Korean Foundationof Advanced Studies. Since its establishment in the early 1970s, he says, the foundation has provided support for 80 South Korean students who've received Ph.D.s atAmerican universities. Approximately 60students are currently receiving support,with ten to 15 additional students selectedeach year. He says happily that the program,perceived as "very special" in Korea, attracts "the top students."At the same time, he notes, the foundation's experience has shown that to do well atChicago, a Korean student must be "an independent individual." Nevertheless, Chey,who has served as president of the U niversity's alumni group in Seoul, admits that hehas long had a Chicago bias, encouragingstudents in the program to consider Chicagobecause of what he calls" its unmatched academic atmosphere." -M. R. Y.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 39John Mills, SB'61, is the scientific director of theMacfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research inMelbourne, Australia. The center is Australia's onlyvirology research institute, and has research programsin viral epidemiology and international health, HIV,and hepatitis and rubella viruses. He writes that U ofCalumni are always welcome to call or stop by.David Novak, AB '61, is in his third year as theEdgar M. Broufman professor of modern Judaic studies at the University of Virginia. The U.S. Navyawarded a service medal to Bruce Powers, SM'61, afederal executive assigned to the Pentagon, where hedirects naval aviation planning.62 Bret Halpern, SM'62, PhD'69, a partnerand director of research at Jet Process Corporation-a small company in New Haven, CT, thatdeveloped a new technique used to deposit thin filmsfor electronic, optical, and other applicationsaccepted a 1991 Research & Development 100 Awardlast September in a ceremony at Chicago's Museum ofScience and Industry. His wife, Kimiko, is a researchassociate in pharmacology at Yale University; theyhave two sons. Judith Stein, AB'62, AM'64, received a Golden Apple award for excellence in teaching. She has taught English and public· speaking atKenwood Academy in Hyde Park for 22 years, andchairs the school's English department. She is also aMellon fellow at the University, as well as a consultantto the College Board.63 Robert Benne, AM'63, PhD'70, JordanTrexler professor of religion at Roanoke College, received a grant from the Louisville Institute forthe Study of Protestantism and American Culture tosupport his sabbatical project during the 1992-93 academic year at St. Edmund's College of CambridgeUniversity, England. Vicky Chaet, BFA' 63 , will havea one-person exhibit of landscapes and highways ofNorthern California and Colorado at Sweet Inspirations-a gallery in San Francisco. Alan M. Levy,AB'63, JD'65, has joined the management and laborla w firm of Lindner & Marsack in Mil waukee.64 Florence Taylor Johnson, AM'64, recentlyhad three poems appear in Notes-A PoetryJournal, published in Portland, OR. Kirsten Williams Kaiser, AB'64, MST'65, an elementary teacher at the Common School in Amherst, MA, received aKohl international teaching award from the DeloresKohl Education Foundation. Kaiser has developedand implemented an "in-depth studies" programwhich has widely influenced the Common School'sphilosophy of teaching.65 Howard Chudacoff, AB'65, AM'67,PhD'69, professor of history at Brown University, recently led a panel discussion identifying andrefuting common myths associated with growing old,as part of a program at Southeastern Community College in North Carolina. Robert Coover, AM'65, theT.B. Stowell professor of English at Brown Universityas well as an author and playwright, was featured in aseminar, "The Novelist and his Critic," at the University of Nevada last December. B. Robert Kreiser,AM'65, PhD'71, works with the American Association of University Professors, and, for the past twoyears, has been working on a study of the emergenceand development of the psychoanalytic profession inthe Washington-Baltimore area. He writes that hiswife, Jeanette Sharpe Kreiser, AB' 65, MAT' 69, assistant dean of the College of Education at the U niversity of Maryland at College Park, recently became licensed as a psychologist in Maryland, where shehopes to open a private practice. They both do alumniinterviews for the University. Barbara HorwichLloyd, AM'65, PhD'73, teaches Italian part time atBoston University. Samuel W. Norwood III,MBA' 65, was elected president, CEO, and director ofVista Resources, Inc., in Atlanta.66 Louis Crudele, AM'66, has spent 20 yearsin the Mediterranean, working with the De-40 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 pendents' Schools program of the U.S. Department ofDefense. He writes that if Susan Finley is out there andlistening, he'd appreciate hearing from her atBox 152, APO AE 09605. Elizabeth Foote-Smith,AM'66, is at work on a book about Joan of Arc. Shehas condensed a section, "The Pathology of Joan's Genius," into a medical essay explaining the source ofJoan's "voices and visions" as a neurological problem.That essay was presented at the National Academy ofNeurologists and published in the medical journal,Epilepsia.Gerald Honigsblum, AM'66, PhD'71, is thedirector of Paris programs for Boston University's divisionof international programs and an associate professorof French at the university'S College of Liberal Arts.He previously served at the U of C as director of theFrench language instruction program, director ofoverseas undergraduate programs, and dean of students ofthe University'S extension division.Don W. Levy, AM' 66, was selected as a sentencingconsultant for the Indiana Sentencing Resource Center, a division of the public defenders counsel. Heworks with public defenders to develop alternativesentencing recommendations for felons in lieu of incarceration. Susan Resneck Parr, AM'66, formerlyvice president for academic affairs at Lewis and ClarkCollege, will become the twelfth president of the University ofPuget Sound; her appointment will begin before the start of the university's 1992-93 academicyear. S.D. Verma, PhD'66, head of the department ofphysics and space sciences and director of the schoolof sciences at Gujaret University at Ahmedabad, recently conducted a workshop on "Experimental Techniques: Space Sciences and Astronomy. "67 Mark Greenberg, AB'67, AM'70, has produced "Le Hoogie Boogie: French Music ofLouisiana for Children" for Rounder Records. This isthe third children's album produced by Greenberg'sUpstreet Productions featuring nationally known folkmusicians. Emil Smider, MBA' 67, was recentlynamed chief operating officer and executi ve vice president at La Preferida, Inc., in Chicago.68 Carol Axelrod, AB'68, is working with asmall-group private practice doing psychotherapy in Boston. She also conducts "workshops atthe workplace" for employees coping with the stressesof balancing work and family. She balances her workand family life in Brookline, MA, with her husband,Ed, and sons Sam and Joe. James B. Borland, Jr.,AM'68, PhD'73, is vice president and dean for academic affairs at Adrian College in Michigan. LouisL. Constan, SB'68, MD'72, writes that his son,Zachary, was named a 1991 National Merit Scholar,and attends Albion College on a full scholarship, majoring in physics.Dale F. Eickelman, AM'68, PhD'71, has receiveda Guggenheim fellowship for a project entitled "TheReimagination of History and Society in Morocco."Adele Eskeles-Gottfried, AM'68, professor of educational psychology at California State University atNorthridge, is working on two books to be publishedby Plenum Press. Mark Johnston, AB' 68, is directorof outcome research at the Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, West Orange, NJ, and an assistant professorat the University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School.Nancy Kornblith Kopp, AM'68, is speaker protem of the Maryland House of Delegates. GeraldPyle, AM'68, PhD'70, a professor at the Universityof North Carolina at Charlotte, received the university's 1992 First Citizens Bank scholars medal for scholarly and creative achievements. Pyle's current projectis the Atlas of Disease and Health Care in the UnitedStates, which will be published later this year. Amongthe book's maps: states with the highest male lung cancer death rate per 100,000; states with the highesttobacco production; and states lacking clean indoorair laws. 69 C.E. Steuart Dewar, AB'69, was one offour to win a 1991 Illinois High Tech Entrepreneur award given by KPMG Peat Marwick. Jerrold Schwaber, AB'69, MD'74, and Susan Hoch.AB'70, MD'74, write that "contrary to prevailingtrends, we have moved to Philadelphia after 17 years inBoston; we would be delighted to meet other classmates who believe that cities have a future." CarolynR. Stoloff, AB'69, is a clinical psychologist in Denver, specializing in multiple personality disorders anddepression. She is married and has an eight-year-old/daughter. Living only an hour from the slopes, sheskies every winter weekend.Dennis C. Waldon, AB'69, is a partner at the lawfirm of Gottlieb and Schwartz in Chicago. PaulaWolff, AM'69, PhD'72, is a visiting scholar at theJohn D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation,pursuing independent research in public policy andthe impact foundations can have on policy at the stateand local levels. She is also a lecturer at the University's Harris School of Public Policy.70 Oscar Anderson, AB'70, has formed a newcompany, O. Anderson & Others, Inc., agraphic design firm specializing in business-tobusiness communication, publication design, and architectural signage. Susan Hoch, AB'70, MD'74, see1969, Jerrold Schwaber. John A. McLees, AB'70,MBA'73, JD'74, is a manager in Coopers & Lybrand'stax consulting practice in Chicago. Bruce D. Patterson, AB'70, see 1942, Brad Patterson. Richard A.Sachs, AB'70, lives in Chelmsford, MA, with hiswife, Jane, and children Dianna and Jeffrey; he ispracticing internal medicine.Marc P. Seidler, AB '70, JD '73, a partner in the lawfirm of Rudnick & Wolfe, lives in Highland Park, IL,with his wife, Sharon, and their four children: David,Paul, Andrew, and Emily. Preston M. Torbert,AM'70, PhD'73, spoke at the 1991 meeting of the international and foreign law committee of the ChicagoBar Association, discussing last August's attemptedcoup in Russia-which he observed while workingin the Moscow office of his law firm, Baker &.McKenzie.Pamela Van Hine, AB '70, see 1961, Elaine StilwellLocke. Norman C. Volle, MBA'70, is president of theboard of trustees of the Good Samaritan Home in St.Louis, MO. RueiN. Wright, AB'70, recently movedback from Little Rock, AR, to Bloomington, IL, and aprivate practice in cardiac surgery.71 Gary K. Beauchamp, PhD'71, see 1987,Julie Mennella. George H. Conrades,MBA'71, senior vice president at IBM, was one of24alumni honored during Ohio Wesleyan University'Ssesquicentennial. Richard R. Risk, MBA' 71 , is president and chief executive officer of Evangelical HealthSystems in Oak Brook. John Siefert, AB'71, spenttwo days as a legal commentator for the COURT TVnetwork during the Jeffrey Dahmer insanity trial. "Asan undergraduate I roomed with Charles Jaco,AB'73, of CNN fame. I guess the interest in cablenews is mutual," says Siefert, who is on political leavefrom the Milwaukee Police Department to serve as acounty treasurer.72 Charles E. Allen, MBA'72, president andCEO of Graimark Realty Advisors, In�., �minority-owned real estate firm, was elected chaIr 0AAAMichigan. ThomasL. Pangle, PhD'72, professor of political philosophy at the University of Toron-to, was the corecipient of the Robert Foster Cherryaward for great teachers; the award was made by Baylor University, where he will teach next spring. GlennG. Patterson, AB'72, see 1942, Brad Patterson..Carolyn V. Pemberton, MST'72, is assistant vIcepresident in the human resources division at FleetBank, in Connecticut. Peggy Sullivan, PhD'72, received the Joseph W. Lippincott award from theAmerican Library Association for distinguished �o�tributions to librarianship. Michael Todt, AM 7 ,PhD' 81, is a hospital administrator at HonemoneHospital and attending West Virginia University College of Law. Victoria Kennick U rubshurow, AB'72,AM'74, AM'81, PhD'84, and her husband, David,had a son, Donzen, in March 1991. Donzenjoins hissister, Delghir.73 Charles D. Jaco, AB'73, see 1971, JohnSiefert. Vincent Lane, MBA' 73 , head of theChicago Housing Authority, received the Alumnus ofthe Year award from the African-American M.B.A.Association of the GSB. Huey L. Perry, AM'73,PhD'76, is the coordinator for research and serviceand dean of the School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs at Southern University at Baton Rouge. RussellA. White, is a partner at the law firm of Rogers,Morris & Ziegler, in Fort Lauderdale, FL. He lives inPlantation with his wife and children, and is parliamentarian for the Republican Party of BrowardCounty.74 Jean D. Hamilton, MBA'74, is president ofPrudential Capital Corporation. Roger G.Ibbotson, PhD'74, and Jody L. Sindelar, both formerfaculty members at the GSB, had a son, Timothy, whojoins brother Tyler. Roger is a professor in practice atthe Yale School of Management and president ofIbbotson Associates, and Jody is an associate professor at Yale's School of Public Policy.Dennis McCann, AM'74, PhD'76, is the first recipient of the Wicklander chair in professional ethicsat DePaul University. Thomas George' Yondorf,AB'74, MBA'75, MDV'88, writes, "By God, I knowI've arrived now that my dissertation on Vietnam WarSermons is being quoted in books! I am now leadingthe life of the mind and the heart as a Unitarian Universalist minister in Portland, ME. My daughter, Acadia,Was born in August, 1990; her favorite book is Sheep in!eep. It's only faintly multicultural-one of the sheepIS brown, another wears an earring. "75 Michele Bogart, AM'75, PhD'79, SUNYat Stony Brook associate professor of art,Served as historical consultant for the documentaryfilm on Reynold Brown, Movie Poster Designer. Shealso delivered a paper, titled ''Advertising Photography," at the annual meeting of the American StudiesAssociation in Baltimore.John Bohn, MBA'75, is vice president of financeand control, beverage cans worldwide, at AmericanNational Can Company. Grinnell College professorJonathan Chenette, AB'75, PhD'84, had his songcycle for soprano and orchestra, "Oh Millersville,"performed by the Dubuque Symphony Orchestra.Joe Glauber, AB' 75, is a senior economist with thePresident's Council of Economic Advisers. He lives inWashington, DC, with his wife, Maureen Melville,AB'75, and their two sons, Samuel and Benjamin.Jonathan Scott Harrison, AB'75, AM'77, works inthe department of medical oncology at the City ofHope Cancer Center in the Los Angeles area. His�ife, Penny, has worked for the investment bankingfirm of Goodman, Sachs for the past eight years. Wendy S. Klein, AB' 75, is an attorney on the research staffof the Illinois Appellate Court.Timothy D. Rudy, AB'75, graduated magna cumlaUde from the University of Akron Law School lastMay. He now works in the office of staff counsel for theD.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in Richmond, VA. He was admitted to the Ohio Bar in December. RObert E. Wharen, Jr., AB '75, is chair of the�epartment of neurosurgery at the Mayo Clinic ofacksonville.76 Michael Gardner, MBA' 76 , is a generalpartner in the investment management firmof WEDGE Capital Management. Gerald M. McCarthy, MBA' 76 , senior vice president of sales andmarketing at Zenith Electronics Corporation, wasno .di mtnated to fill a vacancy on the company's board ofIrectors. Timothy P. Morris, AM'76, PhD'84, asSOCiate professor of philosophy at North Central Col- lege, married Ellen Wenzel on December 1, 1990 ..Scott Nyquist, MBA'76, a national account managerin the flavor and fruit division of Sanofi-Bio Industries, has been named to Ripon College's alumni association board of directors.Carol Gritis Russell, AB'76, her husband, JimRussell, MBA'78, and their children moved to Tokyoin February. Carol notes that, although this is theirsecond time as expatriates, it is their first with children-a big difference. She also writes, "as a sign of howsmall the world has become, Michelle KristulaGreen, AB '77, AM' 81, the maid of honor at my wedding, now lives around the corner from us and works atLeo Burnett." Patrick Shrout, PhD'76, is a professorof psychology at New York University after 16 yearswith the Columbia University School of PublicHealth.77 Donald J. Buckley, SM'77, has joined theGeneral Electric research and developmentcenter in Schenectady, NY, as a materials engineer.Michelle Kristula-Green, AB'77, AM'81, see 1978,Carol Gritis Russell. Leonard Winogora, AM '77,and his wife, Robbie, had a daughter, Victoria Mara(Tori), in January. She joins sister Alexandra Fleur.78 Brian H. Fluck, MBA'78, lives in Morristown, NJ, and is an assistant treasurer atAT&T. Lorraine Gutierrez, AM'78, assistant professor at the University of Washington, received athree-year grant from the National Institute of MentalHealth to study strategies for reducing adolescent riskof AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Sheand her husband, Bob, have two daughters, Cathenaand Julia. Philip Laughlin, MD'78, a partner withthe Woodland (CA) Clinic, is married with three sons.RobertE. Ross, MBA'77, president of Northern TrustBank in Winnetka, has been named to Who s Who inthe Midwest.Jim Russell, MBA'78, see 1976, Carol Gritis Russell. After three years in the nonprofit world, SuzanneJ. Stinson, AB'78, is returning to investment bankingas a vice president at Lazard Freres, specializing inhealthcare finance. Her dog, Max, "is not looking forward to this time commitment," she writes, "but hasbeen permitted access to my office on weekends."Ellen Beth Tabor, AB'78, has left Boston for NewYork, is working on a teaching unit at the ManhattanPsychiatric Center, and has joined the faculty at NewYork University Medical School. She is married toTerrence Bennett. I79 F. Risa Chalfin-Renard, AM'79, and herhusband, Christian Michel, had a daughter,Carole Chloe Dorothee, last December. AndrewKoppelman, AB'79, has completed his Ph.D. in political science and his lD., and now works as a lawclerk for Chief Justice Ellen Peters of the ConnecticutSupreme Court. He will begin this fall as an assistantprofessor in the department of politics at PrincetonUniversity.John Joseph Landry, AB'79, and Louise MoritaLandry, AB'80, had a second child, Erik Sean, lastNovember. They live in Germany. Harry Schneider,JD'79, and Gail Runnfeldt, JD'79, had their thirdson, Remington Runnfeldt Schuman Schneider, whojoins brothers Henry and Mac.Jeffrey L. Schvimer, AB'79, MBA'86, has beenawarded the Chartered Financial Analyst designationby the trustees of the Chartered Financial Analysts.Elizabeth Stone, PhD'79, an anthropologist withSUNY at Stony Brook, was recently in Iraq helping children in need of medical care get to American hospitals. She and her husband, Paul Zimansky, PhD'80,also checked several Iraqi archaeological digs for wardamage and looting; before the war broke out, theyhad worked extensively at a site south of Baghdad.Paul F. Stregevsky, AB'79, lives in Gaithersburg,MD, where he is a technical editor at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Steven M.Strickland, AB '79, returned to Chicago from Jupiter, FL, for a position as assistant vice president of corporate lending with First Midwest Bank in BuffaloGrove.80 Lawrence E. Horner, Jr., MBA'80, married Sandra Bell in February. They will livein New Bernardsville, NJ, where he is director of marketing service at the Werner-Lambert Company.Mike Kundmann, AB'80, and his wife, Roseann,had their first child, Karl, in March 1991. LouiseMorita Landry, AB'80, see 1979, Joh� JosephLandry.Steven J. Reynolds, AB'80, an assistant professorin philosophy at Arizona State University, and hiswife, Shan nan Ober-Reynolds, have two sons, Andrew and Benjamin. Fran Turisco, MBA'80, is a systems development manager for surgical service lineapplications at New England Medical Center.Karl Voltaire, MBA'80, PhD'83, is in charge of investments in Africa at the World Bank Group. Hewrites that his son, Mark, an alumnus of the HydePark Unitarian School, plans to apply to the U of Cnext year. Laura Wheeler, AB' 80, an associate at thelaw firm of Lillick & Charles, is also vice president ofthe board of directors of Women in International Tradein Northern California, a nonprofit organization serving professional women. Paul Zimansky, PhD'80,see 1979, Elizabeth Stone.81 Lila Lobenthal Gordon, PhD' 81, is principal ofthe Sidwell Friends High School. Shewrites that she is looking for news of AnnetteBrandes, PhD'81. Captain Lauren Johnson,AB' 81, married Captain Mark Naumann last October. She is chief of international law serving at theheadquarters of U.S. Air Forces Europe, Judge Advocates office, at Ramstein Air Base in Germany.Miriam Kanter, AB' 81 , graduated from the Sackler School of Medicine- Tel Aviv University last May,and is now doing a residency in internal medicine atNorth Shore University Hospital-Cornell University,in Manhasset, NY. Thereza Lanitis, MFA'81, andher husband, Michael Spanos, had a son, Marc, lastAugust. James J. Long, AB'81, is a shareholder inthe law firm of Briggs and Morgan, in Minneapolis.Julio Mateo, Jr., AB' 81, is a district attorney forSan Mateo County in California and was recently appointed to the committee of bar examiners for a fouryear term. The Rev. Joseph M. McShane, PhD'81,associate professor and chair of the religious studiesdepartment at Le Moyne College, received the college's Rev. Msgr. A. Robert Casey teacher of the yearaward.Mike Owens, AB'81, and his wife, LaurelKirkhart, had a daughter, Jasmine Nicole, last October. Martin L. Stephens, SM'81, PhD'84, is vicepresident for laboratory animals at the Humane Society of the United States. Paul Zarowin, MBA'81,PhD'85, received tenure at NYU's Leonard N. SternSchool of Business and married Penny Stern lastyear.82 Michael Boisvert, AB'82, has two children,Gabriel Louis and Joseph Michael. FrankC. Carotenuto, AM' 82, is director of external affairsat the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole,MA. He worked in the U ofC development office from1982 through 1985. Brian Fahey, AB'82, is an associate producer in the sports promotion department atABC Sports in New York City. Last April, he won anEmmy for his work on the promotional campaign for''ABC's Monday Night Football."Eric M. Flamm, MBA' 82, and Jill Martz Flamm,MBA'86, had a son, Brian Irving, last July. Brian G.Flanagan, JD'82, is a partner with the law firm ofNixon, Hargrave, Devans & Doyle, in Rochester, NY.Laurie Kalmanson, AM'82, is a staff writer for theWichita Eagle, in Wichita, KS. Julie K. Norem,AB'82, married Jonathan Cheek in June, 1990, and isan assistant professor of psychology at NortheasternUniversity in Boston.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 41A Comedy GiantAvant -Garfielde has a new name,some new members, and a newhome. But it still believes in improv.Like many good ideas to come out ofHyde Park, this one crystallized atJimmy's Woodlawn Tap. In April1985 a group of students calling themselvesAvant -Garfielde began . performing improvisational theater at the local tavern.During the last seven years they've changedtheir name, moved to the North Side, andopened their own theater-but Mark RayHollmann, AB' 85; Scott Hermes, SB' 85;Phil Lortie, AB'86; Gregg Reynolds,AB'86; and John Hildreth, AB'85; still doimprov and they're still together."It's a nice group of people and we genuinely like each other a lot and enjoy workingtogether," says Hermes. "That's really theheart of it-for whatever reason, we prettymuch agree about what we think is funny,what we think is interesting. "Apparently, Chicago theater and comedyaficionados agree-Avant-Garfielde continues to spend Wednesday nights performing straight improv at Jimmy's for the HydePark crowd, while adapting its improvisational process to create full-length plays andmusicals under the moniker Cardiff Giant attheir new theater in Rogers Park.The troupe decided to expand north, with anew name, in 1986. The Cardiff Giant was ahoax-supposedly the fossilized remainsof a giant-over which a farmer in Cardiff,NY, and P. T. Barnum once fought.During their gradual move from HydePark to Rogers Park, the group performed incoffeehouses and rented space, refiningtheir act and adding new members, as others-including Dawn Brennan, AB'80, andSteve Schroer, who now directs UniversityTheater-departed.Greg Kotis, AB'88, and Bob Fisher,AB' 84, JD' 89, joined the ensemble in 1988;Jeremy Kareken, AB'91, joined in 1992.Two non-U of C people heavily involved inthe ensemble productions are Laura Fisherand Hannah Fowlie. Thad Davis, AB'91;Meredith Neuman, AB'89; and SarahKoenig, AB'90, also do improv shows atJimmy's and points north.They all agree that a shared University experience is a plus for the performers and forthe audience at Jimmy's. "I love doing improv in front of a U of C audience because42 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 everyone has read the same books. Thereare certain jokes and concepts that everyonewill get," Neuman says. ''Another greatthing is that the audience at Jimmy's tends toknow improv better than most ... they yellout interesting suggestions-not necessarily academic or brainy ones-but creativeand interesting things."The group's willingness to experiment canbe seen in their creative process; unlikemost theater companies, and true to theirroots, Cardiff Giant always begins withfree-form improvisation, sifting throughcharacters and dialogue. From those sessions they set parameters for the show's content and focus. An egalitarian group, they allpitch in with script writing, set construction, and costuming-and take turns withdirecting and other non-performance duties.Cardiff Giant moved to their new theater inOctober 1991-their first full-length production there, After Taste, unexpectedlystretched from its planned five weeks intosix months, closing in May. Observes Meredith Neuman, "It could be a big turningpoint."That's something they're ready for, because, like aspiring artists everywhere,they've had their fill of paying dues. Granted, one member practices law and anotherprograms computers, but they'd all like tomake theater a full-time, paying enterprise."We're all trying to figure out how to make aliving at it, " says Hermes. "The drag is thatwe have to do everything ourselves, but theflip side is that we get a lot of control andwe're learning a lot." -M. T. Larry Whitlow, AB' 82, completed his doctorate inexperimental high energy physics at Stanford lastyear, and then took an around-the-world bicycle trip:Portugal, Ireland, Sri Lanka, and Thailand werefavorite stops. He recently took a job studying solidstate refrigeration for an "environmentally-minded"Japanese air-conditioning company. Hilary WolpertSilver, AB'82, works for the Connecticut Public Expenditure Council researching government policy toencourage economic development.83 TimothyR. Billiar, MD'83, a surgical resi� dent who will complete his training at theUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Center this month,is the first recipient of the university's Samuel P. Harbison assistant professorship in surgery. Robert Boland, AB'83, MBA'87, and his wife, Beth Zimmerman Boland, AB'85, JD'88, live in Boston, whereBeth is an associate with the law firm of Mintz &Levin. Rob is vice president of finance at Fidelity Capital Markets. To help with their work for the AlumniSchools Committee, they would like to hear fromalumni in the Boston area who are willing to interviewprospective students for the College. Robert C.Goodman, JD'83, a former trial attorney for the environmental enforcement section of the U. S. Department of Justice, has joined the law firm of Feldman,Waldman & Kline as head of its environmentallitigation practice. Andy MacLachlan, AB' 83, begins hisnews in November, 1990, when he married HeidiPelzel, and Alan Granger, AB' 83, gave the weddingtoast. The couple's first child, Abigail Claire, wasborn last September. Andy is working on his law degree in Charlottesville, VA, and will resume his military duties this summer in Naples, Italy.Daniel L. Quinn, MBA'83, is executive vice president of Juran Institute, Inc., in Wilton, CT. HarrietAnn Robinson, AB' 83, married William Bryant Gowanlock in Washington, DC. They live in Alexandria,VA, with their dog, Razz Ma Tazz. Amy RosenblattRosoff, AB' 83, is completing her master's in humanresources management at the New School for SocialResearch in New York. She also works for the investment banking division of Lehman Brothers. ShinichiYamashita, MBA' 83 , is an international procurementdevelopment manager at Hewlett-Packard in Palo Alto,CA.84 Sidh Agrawal, MBA'84, recently joinedAdobe Systems in Mountain View, CA,where he is chartered to develop and market new products for the desktop publishing industry. He has tWOsons, Ashish and Ankur. Ben Fine, JD'84, see 1985,Philip S. Rushner.Richard Johnson, AB'84, see 1985, Erika Bruhn.Eduardo A. Kicinski, AM'84, received his Ph.D. ineconomics from the University of Wisconsin at Madison and is an assistant professor at the University ofPuerto Rico in Mayaguez. Grace Mhi Kim, AB'8�,and Mark William Crofton, PhD' 87, are living InTorrance, CA, where Mark works at Aerospace Corporation and Grace attends UCLA. They have. adaughter, Nikita Eunshil Crofton, who was born InMay, 1991.Siddharth Singh, AB'84, see 1987, Sapna Sing?·Randall S. Smith, AB'84, MBA'86, married ChriStine Cho, MBA'86, last August. Randall will be an account director for Procter & Gamble at Saatchi &Saatchi in Frankfurt, Germany. Christine, who wo�ksfor General Motors in New York, will be transfernngto GM's Brussels office. Gregory Tarpinian, AB' 84,MBA' 85 , see 1986, Anne Tarpinian. Kevin TraJllmel, MBA'84, and his wife, Denise, had a daughter,Cassandra, last October.85 Beth Zimmerman Boland, AB'85, JD'88,see. 1983, Robert Boland. Erika Bruhn,AB'85, MBA'90, and Richard Johnson, AB'84,were married last May in Detroit. They live in �osAngeles, where Erika is a senior consultant in pnc�Waterhouse's strategic consulting group, and Richaris a senior analyst in planning and business development for Dole Food Company.Drew Demakis, AB'85, see 1987, Sapna Singh.SharonK. Guzik, AB'85, is completing her Ph.D. inbiology at Northeastern University in Boston. Herthesis project examines the forces involved with swimming, and the physiology of the adductor muscles responsible for swimming, in scallops. She spends partof every year at University of Washington's FridayHarbor Marine Lab, and is active in sailboat racing.Lisa M. Kaderabek, JD'85, is a partner in the lawfirm of McDermott, Will & Emery's Chicago office.Ann Kuhns, AB'85, works for the California legislature's Senate Minority Fiscal Consultants as a seniorConsultant for health, welfare, and labor issues. Sheand her husband, Steve Shea, live in Sacramento, andrecently adopted their second beagle. Joe Paolucci,AB'85, MBA'86, see 1987, Sapna Singh.William Lee Richardson, MBA'85, joined theHearst Agency of Northwestern Mutual Life in NewYork City last August. He specializes in life and disability income insurance in the personal and smallbusiness markets. Philip S. Rushner, JD' 85, is an assistant attorney for the District of Columbia, and hastwo sons, A.J. and Stuart. He and his wife, Judy, returned to Hyde Park last summer to attend the weddingof Ben Fine, JD'84, SM'86, and Julie Getzel, held atRObie House. He comments: "Without snow on theground, I hardly recognized the campus!"86 Douglas R. Anderson, MBA' 86, isthe managing partner at Sterer, Sepert & Caine, aCPA firm in San Diego, CA. Thomas F. Ashburn,AB'86, married Karyn Krueger last March in Madison, WI. They now live in Phoenix, AZ, where Tom isa city planner. Julie Burros, AB'86, see 1987, SapnaSingh. ChristineCho, MBA' 86, see 1984, Randall S.Smith. Jill Martz Flamm, MBA'86, see 1982, EricM. Flamm.Christina Glab, AB'86, completed her M.B.A.last year and works in city government in Corvallis,?R. DavidB. Long, AB'86, received his master's andIS Working towards his doctorate in philosophy at theUniversity of Paris-Sorbo nne, while teaching Englishto Air France flight crews part time. L.D. Lurvey,AB'86, see 1987, SapnaSingh. Cheryl Ney, PhD'86,assistant professor of chemistry at Capital University,has been named director of the university's coreCUrriculum.AdenaSchutzberg, AB'86, is a consultant with Arthur D. Little, Inc., in Cambridge, MA. She is inVolved with mapping oil spills and other environmental. concerns, in addition to teaching geography atMlddlesex Community College in Burlington, MA.Shauna Smith, AB'86, MD'91, began a three-year,family practice residency at Providence Medical Cen�er in Seattle, WA. She writes that she would like to beIn touch with other alumni in the area.Vt Anne Tarpinian, AB'86, is currently a student atGermont Law School. She writes that her brother,�egory Tarpinian, AB'84, MBA'85, and his wife,I<.lmberly, had a daughter, Katherine Anne, in April.87 Mark William Crofton, PhD'87, see 1984,Grace Mhi Kim. John M. Fuerst, MBA'87,has moved to Luxembourg and is an engine control�.stems manager at GM's European technical center.�s second child, John Zachary, was born last June.ekayle N. Hinkaty, AB'87, and John D.�oUghton, AM'91, were married on November 2 inarasota, FL. Julie Mennella, SM'87, PhD'88, is anas .t Slstant member at the Monell Chemical Senses Cen-der. in Philadelphia. Her recent research includes stu-YlUg the effects of small amounts of alcohol (recommended by folklore and some doctors) on breast milk�d nursing. Also participating in the research is Gary. Beauchamp, PhD'71. Mennella is the first recipient of the Morley K. Rare fellowship, which is�warded to a junior staff member who shows outstandIng promise. Sapna Singh, AB'87, married Sanjeev A. Rathi,AB'87, MBA'91, last November. In attendance were:Siddharth Singh, AB'84; Swati Singh, AB'88; Rajeev Rathi, AB'88; Monica Ghosh, AB'87; MonaSaraiya, AB'87; Heidi Sandquist, AB'87; Joe Farrell, AB'87; Sue Lapid, AB'87; Myra LaVenueCole, AB'87; Drew Demakis, AB'85; Richard Clyne, AB'88; Joe Paolucci, AB'85, MBA' 86; L.D.Lurvey, AB'86; Jacob Park, AB'87; Maria Bidelman, AB'87, AM'89; BradGupta, AB'87; JulieBurros, AB'86; KhushBhola, AB'88; and Pat May,MBA'92. The couple lives in Chicago where Sapna isdoing her residency in neurology and Sanjeev works atAmerican Overseas Company. Joselyn Zivin, AB' 87,is working on her Ph.D. dissertation at Duke and received a fellowship from the American Institute for Indian Studies to work in New Delhi.88 Kenneth A. Barnes, MBA'88, is living inSeattle with his wife, Peggy. He is directorand manager of Cushman & Wakefield's WashingtonAppraisal Group. Khush Bhola, AB'88, see 1987,Sapna Singh. Michael Bresler, MD'88, is a seniorresident in radiology at Loyola Medical Center. Hiswife, Audrey Tatar, MD' 88, is chief resident in medicine at Humana-Michael Reese Hospital. RichardClyne, AB'88, see 1987, Sapna Singh. Patricia Templin Galich, MBA'88, is an assistant vice president incommercial lending at LaSalle Bank in Matteson, IL.Selso Joseph Martinez III, SM'88, PhD'91, livesin Midland, MI, and works for Dow Chemical Company. Laura A. Pitta, AM'88, is finishing her thirdyear at Santa Clara University Law School, where sheis specializing in intellectual property. Rajeev Rathi,AB'88, and Swati Singh, AB'88, see 1987, SapnaSingh. After three year as a doctoral candidate in J apanese literature in Ann Arbor, MI, Elizabeth A.Wilson, AB'88, is now living and working in Redmond, WA, where she married Sean Mitchell lastOctober.89 Erica Adelberg, AB'89, see 1991, NicholasD. Clemente. Alyna Chien, AB'89, is Chicago's Miss Friendship Ambassador-she represented Chicago and the Midwest in the Miss ChineseInternational pageant in Hong Kong. She is also a U ofC postbaccalaureate premedical student, and works , for a research pathologist at the University. SusanJohanneson, MBA' 89, has relocated to San Franciscoto begin working at Syntex Corporation as a managerof corporate development and strategic planning. Fabrizio Panzeri, MBA' 89, recently joined EricSalmon & Partners, an executive search firm with offices in Milan and Paris. Susan E. Rossetti, AB'89,is working on her M.B.A. at the University ofRochester.90 Janet H. Cho, AB'90, received her M.S.J.in print journalism from Northwestern University and is now a reporter for the Times-Union inRochester, NY. Victor H. Diaz, MBA' 90, is an associate marketing manager at the Nutrasweet Company.Lynne A. Greenberg, JD'90, married Eric MichaelAuram last September; Jillisa Brittan, JD '91, attended. Lynne works in the intellectual property department at the law firm of Skaddden, Arps, Slate,Meagher & Flom in New York.Jeffrey Klain, AB'90, married Nancy Phillips,AB'91, in January 1991. They live in ColoradoSprings, where Jeff is a platoon leader in a U.S. Armyarmor unit at Fort Carson. Nancy is studying for herM.B.A. and an M.S. in health administration at theUniversity of Colorado at Denver. Peter Skosey,AB'90, is working on his master's degree in urbanpolicy and planning at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Navy Ensign Robert T. Stengel, AB'90, hascompleted the basic surface warfare officer's course.Ron Wainshal, MBA'90, married Shari Weitzen lastAugust in West Orange, NJ.91 Charles Barrows, AB'91, has joined Willoughby Associates, Ltd., where he recentlyworked on SNAP!, a software program for small museum collections and private collectors. Jillisa Brittan, JD'91, see 1990, LynneA. Greenberg. NicholasD. Clemente, AB '91, is an analyst in the fixed incomeresearch division at Kidder, Peabody & Co., a midsized investment bank. He will be working with EricaAdelberg, AB'89. John D. Houghton, AM'91, see1987, Mekayle N. Hinkaty. Nancy Phillips, AB'91,see 1990, Jeffrey Klain. Zvi E. Sella, MBA'91, seniorvice president of United Merchants and Manufacturers, Inc. , was elected to the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Board of Examiners.DEATHSTRUSTEESGaylord Donnelley, former chair and president ofR.R. Donnelley & Sons, died April 19. A generoussupporter of the University, he joined its board oftrustees in 1947, served as chair from 1970 to 1976, andwas named a life trustee in 1980. Survivors include hiswife, Dorothy; two sons; a daughter, and ten grandchildren. (See also "Chicago Journal," page 8.)FACULTYHilda Norman Barnard, PhD'24, died February24 in Seattle, WA, at the age of 100. She began teaching at the University in 1923 and remained here until1947, when she moved to Seattle. In connection withthe University's Italian program, she founded and fostered the club "Gli Scapigliati." Her book, Swindlersand Rogues in French Drama, was published in 1928.Oscar T. Broneer, professor of archaeology andclassical languages and literature from 1948 to 1960,died February 22 at his home in Ancient Corinth,Greece. He was also director of the Department ofClassical Languages and Literature from 1961 to 1965as well as director of the University's excavations atIsthmia. His most striking discovery, made in 1952, was the site of the Temple of Poseidon, built by theCorinthians at Isthmia; it was the last of the four greatPanhellenic shrines to be rediscovered. Survivors include two sons and two grandchildren.Thomas Park, SB'30, PhD'32, professor emeritusof biology, died March 30 at his home in Hyde Park.One of the pioneers in founding the science of ecology,he was a former president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and editor ofboth Ecology and Physiological Zoology. Survivorsinclude his wife, Frances; two daughters; six grandchildren; and many great-grandchildren. (See also"Looking Back," page 48.)Nandor Szent-Gyorgyi, a faculty member at theUniversity of Chicago Medical School from theearly 1950s until he retired in 1971, died March 10 inHighland Park Hospital. A native of Hungary, he wassecretary of the department of public health inHungary from 1941 to 1944. Survivors includehis wife, Margit; two daughters; a sister; and fourgrandchildren.Friedrich August von Hayek, professor of economics from 1950 to 1962, died March 23 at his homein Freiburg, Germany. Known as the "father of monetarism," he shared the Nobel Prize for economics in1974 with Gunnar Myrdal of Sweden. His 1944 book,UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 43The Road to Serfdom, criticized the growing strengthof socialism as well as Keynesian economics. Lastyear, President Bush awarded him the Medal of Freedom. Survivors include his wife, Helene; a son; and adaughter.Hans Zeisel, professor emeritus oflaw and sociology, died March 7 at his Hyde Park home. Best knownfor applying statistical methods of social science to thelaw, he was an authority onjuries, capital punishment,and survey techniques. He wrote over 180 articles, reviews, and speeches, as well as Say it With Figures, thestandard text on interpreting social statistics. Survivors include his wife, Eva; a daughter; a son; a sister;and three grandchildren.19105Edwin W. Hirsch, SB' 14, MD' 16, chair ofa company that manufactures decorative framed picturesand mirrors, died December 15 in Northwestern Memorial Hospital. A former polo player, he achieved atwo-goal rating in his earlier years. He was involvedwith the Jewish Federation, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Ravinia Festival Association. Survivors include his wife, Patricia; a son; two daughters; eightgrandchildren; and six great-grandchildren.Florence Fake Gosnell, PhB'19, died July 14,1991. Survivors include her husband, Harold F.Gosnell, PhD'22, and a sister, Mary Fake, PhD'21.19205Charlotte McCarthy, SB'21, MD'24, died February 4 at the age of 100. She practiced medicine into her90s in the Baltimore area. Survivors include her niece,Deborah Stevenson Harvey, AM' 87.Jerome Hall, PhB '22, JD '23, professor emeritus atthe University of California's Hastings College ofLaw, died March 1 in San Francisco. He establishedan international reputation as a scholar and author ofcriminal law and legal philosophy. Survivors includehis daughter, Heather.L. Dow Nichol, Jr., JD'22, a retired attorney, diedMarch 31 in Wheaton. After a period of solo practice,he joined the Chicago law firm of Tenney & Bentley,where he practiced until his retirement in 1988. Heserved on the Board of Education of School District 41from 1936 to 1946, and as its president from 1942 to1946. Survivors include his daughter, his son, andthree grandchildren.Marion Jaynes Becker, X'23, died November 1.Her husband, Robert L. Becker, X '25, died December 5. Survivors include their son, Robert.Leslie J. Gaylord, SM'23, mathematics professorat Agnes Scott College for 47 years, died October 19.An avid traveler, she visited Europe more than a dozentimes; on many of these trips she conducted tours forAgnes Scott student groups. She was the oldest activemember of Holy Trinity Episcopal Church in Decatur,GA. Survivors include her niece, two great-nieces,and six great-nephews.Florence Schott Lauter, SM'23, died August 10.She traveled, taught in her major field of chemistry,and became knowledgable in the fields of art, music,and their historical and developmental interrelationships. Survivors include her son, Carl.Margaret Willcox McPherson, PhD'24, a formerGeorge Washington University chemistry professor,died of pneumonia January 7. She was a member of thehonorary scientific society, Sigma Xi, and the ChevyChase Presbyterian Church. Survivors include hertwo daughters.Wallace W. Atwood, SB'26, a retired administrator with the National Academy of Science, died ofpneumonia January 4. He was director of the academy's office of international relations from 1950 to1962 and retired in 1964 as special assistant to theacademy president. In the 1960s and 1970s he was the44 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 owner of the Windmill Point Marine Resort at themouth of the Rappahannock River. In the 1980s heserved on the Marine Science Development Council atthe Virginia Institute of Marine Science. Survivors include his wife, Celia; two children; two sisters; sevengrandchildren; and a great-grandson.May Yeoman Townsend, PhB'26, died March 24.Survivors include her sister, Maude Yeoman,PhB'26, AM'31.James V. Root, PhB'27, died February 13. Survivors include his son, a brother, and a sister, Amy RootRoden, PhB'25.Murray Leiffer, AM'28, died February 1. Survivors include his wife, Dorothy.Ruth Vivian Norman Macoy, PhB'29, died December 23, 1989. She taught French at the LabSchools and the University, and eventually becameEnglish department head at Greenwich (CT) HighSchool. Survivors include her husband, EugeneMacoy, SB'29.Margaret Haley Bell Willard, SB '29, a teacher formany years in the Florida public school system, diedDecember 5 of a heart attack. Survivors include fivechildren, 14 grandchildren, three great-grandchildren, and a sister, Leone Haley Fearnow, X' 34.19305Robert M. Cunningham, PhB'31, died February27 in Chicago. A veteran health-care journalist, hewas the former editor and publisher of Modern Hospital and Modern Nursing Home, which he helpedmerge into Modern Healthcare in 1973. He was alsoan editorial consultant for Blue Cross and Blue Shieldand the author of six works on health care. Survivorsinclude his wife, Deborah; three sons; and eightgrandchildren.Virginia Loeb Van Straaten, AM'31, died January 12 at her home in the Near North Side. She was avolunteer for the League of Women Voters and the Citizens Information Service. Survivors include two sonsand six grandchildren.Robert C. Colwell, PhB'32, a retired economistwith the Department of Housing and Urban Development who also worked for the Veterans Administrationand the Council of Economic Advisors, died of cancerFebruary 10. He was a lecturer at Georgetown University, and contributed articles to professionaljournals.Survivors include his wife, Almetta; a daughter; and agrandson.George S. Freudenthal, Jr., JD'32, died November 18. He practiced law before becoming vice president of the Special Assessment Bond Service Company. Survivors include his wife, Helen AshFreudenthal, PhB'29.E. Marie Haley, PhB'32, a founding faculty member at Steinmetz High School in Chicago who retiredafter a48-yearteaching career, died November4. Survivors include her sister, Alice.Lucille Smith Lee, PhB'32, AM'38, died October23 in the University of Chicago Hospitals. She taughthigh school in several cities before joining the CookCounty Department of Public Aid in 1958 as a caseworker. In 1968 she joined the Department of Childrenand Family Services and was a supervisor until her retirement. Survivors include a daughter, Sandra Lee,JD'83; three sons; four grandchildren; and a sister.David F. Silverzweig, LLB' 33, a Loop attorney formore than five decades, died December 27 in his Rogers Park home. He was past president of the Chicagodivision of the American Jewish Congress, founderand past president of the Decalogue Society of Lawyers, and editor and columnist for the DecalogueJournal. Survivors include a brother and two sisters.Faye Kaplan Gaberman, PhB'34, a Chicago public school teacher for 25 years, died December 8 in aLos Angeles nursing home. She taught at Bret HarteSchool on the South Side and Alfred Nobel School on the Northwest Side. Survivors include two sisters,three nieces, and a nephew.JamesD. Nobel, X'34, died January 25. In October1990 he was honored at a dinner for his 35 years as director of the Council on Human Relations in Cleveland, OH. Survivors include his wife, Ruth VetzNobel, X'34.Harold W. Schwartz, PhB'34, JD'35, a labor lawyer and former vice president of the Illinois State Federation of Labor, died of a heart ailment in a MiamiBeach hospital March 10. Survivors include hisr wife, Bobby; a daughter; a son; a sister; and tWOgrandchildren.Sylvia Weinstein Silverman, PhB'35, died athome in Minneapolis in late January. She was 84 andhad recently moved to Minnesota to be near her daughter, Martha Silverman Roth, AB'58, and son-inlaw, Martin Roth, AM'57, PhD'54. The widow ofJoseph Silverman, PhB '26, she was the co-author oftwo books, Social Casework and Family Feelings:Daily Readings for Healthy Relationships. Survivorsalso include her son, Michael Silverman, AB'65.Dorothy Anderson MacCarthy, X'35, died onFebruary 12. She worked for the State of CaliforniaChildren's Home Society and the YW.C.A. in NorthHollywood, and taught Spanish and Portuguese at UCExtension and UCLA for 35 years. Survivors includetwo daughters, three grandchildren, and a brother.Lawrence N. Morscher, Jr., PhD'36, a retiredoperations research supervisor of the Office of NavalResearch, died January 11. He was a member of theAmerican Physics Society and the Operations Research Society of America. Survivors include hisniece.George S. Speer, SB'36, professor emeritus at theIllinois Institute of Technology, died March 17. In1945 he founded the Institute for Psychological Services, a testing and counseling center. He served as itsdirector until his retirement in 1978, and continued hisprivate practice as a consultant until shortly before hisdeath. Survivors include his daughter, a son, a brother, and three grandchildren.William F. Hewitt, SM'37, PhD'42, a biomedicalconsultant, died November 13. Survivors include hiswife, Jerene; four daughters; nine grandchildren; andone great-grandchild.Wilbur T. Reece, MAT' 37, a dentist who hadworked for legislation making fluoridation of drinkingwater mandatory in Illinois, died January 14. His firstcareer was as a teacher and principal of PetersburgHigh School. After earning his dental surgery degreefrom Northwestern University in 1949, he served 00the staffs of St. John's Hospital, Memorial Medic�1Center, and Springfield Community Hospital. surYI-vors include his wife, Mildred; one son; one daughter;one sister; five grandchildren; and one greatgrandson.Josiah W. Bennett, AB'38, a retired Foreign Service officer who served as political adviser to the I.asdttwo American ambassadors to South Vietnam, dieFebruary 22 in Santa Cruz, CA, of Alzheime�'s diSciease. He also served in China, Taiwan, Tel AVIV, anNigeria. Survivors include his wife, Chou Nieh-tz'�;two daughters; a sister; two brothers; five grandchildren; and two nephews, Bennett H. Shiner, AB'68,and Whitney T. Shiner, AB'71, AM'80.George C. Halcrow, AB'38, 10'40, died January13. He was 75 years old, and had practiced law in SaoMateo, CA, since 1949. During WWII he served a� afirst lieutenant aboard the aircraft carrier Intrepld,seeing action in the Pacific Theatre.William C. Petty, AM'38, teacher and formerschool superintendent for Lake County, died Jan�a�1 in Shawano, WI. Survivors include three sons, elggrandchildren, and 14 great-grandchildren.Patricia Blasdel Chapman, AB'39, died �March 11, 1992. Survivors include her husba� ,Richard C. Chapman, AB'39; three daughters, 10-eluding Priscilla Frisch, a research associate with the�niversity's department of astronomy and astrophysICS; two sons; four grandchildren; and two brothers.Manuel C. Diaz, SM'39, head of the math and science division at Chandler (AZ) High School, diedJune 30, 1991. Survivors include his wife, AudreyEvanston Diaz.19405Jerome J. Cantor, AB'41, former owner of theprinting firm of J.1. Cantor and Associates, diedMarch 15 in Highland Park, IL. He was active in theGreat Books Foundation and served as a volunteer discussion leader with psychiatric patients. He alsoWorked with his wife, Yvette, in a business that madeand distributed low-fat and cholesterol-free cookies.Survivors include his wife, two daughters, two sons,six grandchildren, and a 'sister.George J. Finney, X' 41, a retired librarian with theD.S. Information Agency, died February 11. Heserved in the Army's office of civil affairs from 1942 to1946. Survivors include his wife, Ada, and a sister.Eunice Poe Adamson, X' 42, died February 8. SheWorked as a juvenile probation officer in the Chicagofamily courts for 12 years, and then moved into socialWork-eventually becoming the supervisor for children and family services. Survivors include a daughter, two brothers, and a grandson.Pauline Spitz Heitner, AM'43, a professor atWashington University in St. Louis from 1945 to1950, died February 20. She received her master's onthe same day that her father, Lewis W. Spitz, PhD' 43,received his doctorate. Survivors include her husband, Robert; her father; two children; a sister; abrother; and two grandchildren. .Clifford G. Sawyer, MBA'43, died in October1990. Survivors include his wife, Vivian KlemmeSawyer, AB'36, MBA'37.Eleanor Bradley Bond, SB'46, died December 6.�urvivors include her mother, Martha Hunter Brad:.y, PhB'27, MAT'30, and her aunt, Frances Hunter.l'errell, PhB'23.Roy F. Emery, AB'46, a former lawyer and dairy�rmer, died November 28 of cancer at his home inew Mexico. Survivors include a son.. James Daniel Singletary, AM'46, PhD'50, a rehred human resources development officer with the�gency for International Development, died Decemer 13 at his home in Silver Spring, MD. He served as a�eacher-education adviser in Afghanistan and later inS OUt� Vietnam before being posted to Washington.Urvlvors include his wife, Charity.I RObert Earl Trobaugh, X' 46, former Illinois ValBY Community College president, died December 6.� spent 37 years with the La Salle-Peru Township�Igh School and the La Salle-Peru-Oglesby Junior_allege. Survivors include his wife, Florence; aniece; and three nephews.Rev. Gordon H. Girod, AM'48, died March 22.�e served the Beverly Reformed Church of Wyoming,I; Hope Reformed Church of Chicago, IL; and�he S.eventh Reformed Church of Grand Rapids, MI.d UrvlVors include his wife, Norma; two sons; twowughters; eight grandchildren; a sister; and a cousin,i1IiamH. Knapp, AB'48.1> R�bert Ge�e Glasser, AB'48,. SB'51, SM'52,�D 54, a retired professor of phYSICS and computer�elence at the University of Maryland, died of cancerI anuary 8. A pioneer in the use of computers to ana:ze large samples of data from physics experiments,e Contributed to the discovery of the properties ofStrange particles in the 1950s while working at the Na�al Research Laboratory. Survivors include four chilr�, his father, a sister, and seven grandchildren.. ortonL. Mednick, PhB'48, SM'52, a retired or�anlc chemistry researcher, died January 7. He servedIn the Army Air Forces during WWII as a mechanic and crew chief aboard B-24 bombers based in England. After the war, he worked for the U.S. Dept. ofAgriculture; Horizons Inc., in Cleveland; the AtlasPowder Co., in Pennsylvania; and at the EdgewoodArsenal, an Army biomedical laboratory. Survivorsinclude his wife, Ruth Wedge Mednick, PhB'47,AM'55.Herman D. Ruth, AM'48, a retired city and regional planning consultant, died at his Berkeley homeon March 9. He wrote two significant studies, "Recreational and Local Land Use Planning" and "OutdoorRecreation Use of the Public Land," for the U.S. Public Land Law Review Commission. Survivors includehis wife, Minnie Spieglman Ruth, AB'44; threesons; and two brothers, including Sam Ruth,MBA'53.19505Edith Goldfarb Sabshin, MD' 51, a psychiatristand former assistant dean of education at the ChicagoInstitute for Psychoanalysis, died March 23 in Washington, DC. She worked on the Manhattan Project inthe 1940s at the University and lectured in the psychiatry department during the 1970s. Survivors includeher husband, Melvin; a son; a sister; a brother; and aniece, Victoria Goldfarb Epstein, AB'83.David Houghton Suddeth, PhB'51, a retiredNASA spacecraft engineer, died January 25 in hisBowie, MD, home. He was also an avid mountaineer,social and political activist, recreational sailor, bibliophile, and rifle and pistol marksman. In 1937, at theage of eight, he became one of the youngest membersof the National Inventors' Congress, having developeda unique window washer, a potato masher, and a shampooing device; he was a featured speaker at the Congress's annual meeting. Survivors include his wife,Persis Burns Suddeth, AB' 48; a daughter; two sons;and a grandson.Robert Hankin, AM'52, assistant corporationcounsel for six Chicago mayors, died December 12.Survivors include his wife, Elinor; a son; and adaughter.William Henry Trump, MBA'55, died September19. He retired from the 3M Company in 1975, and wasformerly employed as ship's captain and tug master bythe Lago Oil and Transport Co. of Aruba. Survivorsinclude his wife, Dorothea.Alexander Douglas MacNaughton, PhD'56, diedMay 28, 1991. Survivors include his wife, ThelmaLee; three sons; and a daughter.Mary Jane Krensky Kurland, AM'59, volunteermanager of the surgical waiting room at the Universityof Chicago Hospitals, died March 7 at the age of 63.Since 1988, she regularly volunteered more than 40hours a week; in 1990 she received the Volunteer of theYear award. Survivors include her husband, PhilipKurland, the William R. Kenan, Jr., distinguishedservice professor in the Law School, and threedaughters.19605Marguerite Ross Barnett, AM'66, PhD'72, president of the University of Houston since 1990, died ofcancer February 26 in Hawaii. She was 49. The firstblack woman to lead a major American university, shewas an administrator at several other universities,including the City University of New York and theUniversity of Missouri at St. Louis. Before turning toadministration, she taught at the U of C, Princeton,Howard, and Columbia University. Survivors includeher husband, Walter King; a daughter; and hermother.Kenneth E. Naylor, PhD'66, professor of Slaviclinguistics at Ohio State University, died March 10 athis home in Columbus, OH. A specialist in Balkan andSlavic linguistics, he was also an expert on the culture, , politics, and literatures of the Balkans and wrote closeto 100 articles on various topics. In 1989 he became theonly African American to receive the Order of the Yugoslav Flag with Golden Wreath from the Presidencyof the Republic of Yugoslavia. Survivors include twosisters.19705Robert Janosik, JD '71, professor of politics at Occidental College for ten years, died in February at age45. He was the editor-in-chief of the Encyclopedia ofthe American Judicial System, and also compiled a1991 bibliography of the American Constitution.Gerald Bright Ryan, MBA'71, died July 29 at age49. He was a senior vice president of software development at Andahle Corporation in Sunnyvale, CA.Survivors include his wife, Rosalie.BruceW.Horst, AB'76,AM'81, PhD'82, aclassical music composer, an organist for several Chicagochurches, and a teacher at the Chicago Academy of theArts, died of pneumonia March 20. He was 37. Survivors include his mother, Carolyn, and two sisters.Lawrence W. Hecht, PhD '77, an educator and testing expert, died November 4. He taught measurementtheory and statistical analysis at the University of Toledo from 1975 to 1978, when he went to the Educational Testing Service. In 1984, he became executivedirector of the service's graduate management admissions program (which produces the GMAT). In 1990,he left to become senior research scientist at the College Board where he worked on the development of thenew Scholastic Aptitude Test. Survivors include hisparents, Walter and Margaret; one brother; and threesisters.Notice of Death ReceivedGeorgia Monroe Blazer Norris, X' 14, July.Fern Eaton Arnold, PhB' 19.Jerome Hall, DhB'22, JD'23, March.Salene Marks Lyons, PhB'23.Snell L. Davis, SB'26, October.Francis C. Edler, PhB'26, December.Edna V. Strauss, SB'26.Mildred Conner Chapman, X'29.Gertrude A. Artingstall, PhB'30, December.Annie L. Craigie, X'30.Charles M. Lindrooth, JD'30.Helen Corbin, PhB '31, December.Olive G. France, PhB'31, December.Harold Fusch, JD'34, February.Mary Fay Driscoll, PhB'35, November.Lillian Meredith Crews, AM'37, March.Charles Dunbar, Jr., AB'37, February.Burnell V. Reaney, MD'37.George R. Schoonmaker, SB'38, February.Alice Louise Hites Castle, X'39, September.Dorothy Marquis Works, AB'39, June 1991.Herbert R. Domke, SB'40, MD'42, July.Carol K. Goldstein, AM'44, December.JohnA.S. Adams, PhB'46, SB'48, SM'49, PhD'51,February.Ruth Early Hazlewood, MBA' 46, August.Ruth L. Brockmeier, AM'47, June 1991.Austin L. Ely, AB'47, October.Reginald 1. Holzer, AB'48, April.John E. Sarbaugh, JD'48, March.John Richard Ekholm, MBA'51, February.William R. Meeker, Jr., AB'52, September.David A. Schoenstadt, MD'60.W. Wesley Ballard, MBA'61, January.Charles A. LePage, MBA'61.Theodore A. Will, SM'61, November.John Humpal, MBA'64, PhD'73, March .Robert H. Heim, AM'65.Robert V. Buckley, MBA'69, September.Ann Breslin, PhD'79, March 1991.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992- 45BOOKS by AlumniARTS a LETTERSJames D. Watson, PhB'46, SB'47, essays inHousesfor Science: A Pictorial History of Cold SpringHarbor Laboratory (Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryPress), by Elizabeth L. Watson. James Watson contributed the scientific essays that accompany eachchapter of this exploration of the laboratory's architectural and scientific evolution from whaling village, to"summer camp" for biologists, to world-renownedresearch and educational institution.BIOGRAPHYSue Gottfried Davidson, AM' 49, Getting the RealStory: Nellie Bly and Ida B. Wells (Seal Press). Thefirst in the new Women Who Dared Series, this book isan account of two women born in the 1860s who brokesex and race barriers to become leading journalists.Bly forged a trail in investigative journalism, andWells helped found the early civil rights movementthrough her exposes on such forbidden topics aslynching.Nathaniel E. Reich, MD'32, A Renaissance ManAt Large (Rivercross Publishing, Inc.). The authorhas lectured to other doctors and medical studentsaround the world-but his travels are not simply "flyto Metropolis, give a lecture, fly home." A more likelyscenario? Fly to Afghanistan, examine the prime minister, spend a month making intensive teaching andhospital rounds, with side trips to Bamyan and theHindu Kush, dinners with a tribal ruler in his mud"palace," and nights spent in a mountain yurt.June Sochen, AB' 58, Mae West: She Who Laughs,Lasts (Harlan Division, Inc.). Part of the AmericanBiographical History Series, this look at a popular cultural figure whose identity was tied to sensationalthemes provides insights into the varying tastes of theAmerican public and a.window on the world of early20th-century entertainment.BUSINESS a ECONOMICSRudiger Dornbusch, AM'69, PhD'71, and SebastianEdwards, AM'78, PhD'81, editors, The Macroeconomics of Populism in Latin America (The U niversity of Chicago Press). Economists and politicalscientists from the U.S. and Latin America detail howand why populist programs go wrong and what leadspolicymakers to repeatedly adopt these policies despite a history of failure.Milton Friedman, AM'33, Money Mischief Episodes in Monetary History (Harcourt BraceJovanovich). Friedman uses historical examples todemonstrate the unintended and unanticipated mischief that can result from seemingly minor changes inthe monetary system: ·for example, the effect ofFranklin Delano Roosevelt's silver policy in facilitating the triumph of communism in China.Claudia Goldin, AM'69, PhD'72, and HughRockoff, AM'69, PhD'72, editors, Strategic Factorsin 19th-Century American Economic History: A Volume to Honor Robert W Fogel (University of ChicagoPress). Offering new research on strategic factors inthe development of the 19th-century American economy-labor, capital, and political structure-the contributors to this volume employ a methodology innovated by Fogel; Charles R. Walgreen professor in theGSB and one of the leading pioneers of the "new economic history. "Robert G. Tompkins, AB'80, AM'80, MBA'86,Options Explained (Stockton Press). A practicalguide covering theoretical concepts essential to apply-46 UNIVERSlTYOF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 ing options on a wide variety of assets.Robert G. Tompkins, AB'80, AM'80, MBA'86,Bund Options (Stockton Press). A practical introduction to the new and active market created by the recentlarge issuance of German government debt.CRITICISMLeslie Friedman Goldstein, AB'65, AM'67, InDefense of the Text: Democracy and ConstitutionalTheory (Row man and Littlefield). The author presentsa critical overview of the most prominent contemporary theories of constitutional interpretation and defends a moderate version oftextualization.EDUCATIONLarry Johannessen, MAT'76, illuminationRounds: Teaching the Literature of the Vietnam War(National Council of Teachers of English) . Pointing todocumentation that the Vietnam War has been virtually ignored in all secondary curricula, the authorpresents a rationale for study of the literature of theVietnam War. The text offers teachers a variety ofclassroom practices for teaching this literature, including an extensive annotated bibliography of literature and film.Jaroslav Pelikan, PhD'46, The Idea of the University-A Reexamination (Yale University Press). In abook dedicated to the University of Chicago in honorof its Centennial, the author uses a consideration ofJohn Henry Cardinal Newman's Ideas of the University to reflect on the character and aims of the university,assessing its practical functions, its guiding principles, and its role in society. He argues for a return tothe basic principles that form the foundation ofuniversity education, and validates the idea that know ledge isan end unto itself.Bruce A. Shuman, AB'63, AM'65, Foundationsand Issues in Library and Information Science (Libraries Unlimited). In this introduction to the field,written for new library students, the author coverseverything from the origins of information storage toquestions about showing borrowing records to federalagents.FEMINIST STUDIESCarolyn Foster Durham, AM'72, PhD'76, TheContexture of Feminism: Marie Cardinal and Multicultural Literacy (University of Illinois Press). Takingone of France's best-known novelists as her central focus, the author interprets contemporary feminist writing as one particularly significant and complex intersection of modern thought-at once intergenderal,intertextual, interdisciplinary, and intercultural.Susan McKinnon, AM'76, PhD'83, From a Shattered Sun: Hierarchy, Gender, and Alliance in theTanimbar Islands (University of Wisconsin Press).Tanimbarese society is marked by the existence ofmultiple, differentially valued forms of marriage, affiliation, and residence; the author demonstrates thatit is only by viewing the forms as integrally related-interms of culturally specific understanding of"houses," gender, and exchange-that one can perceive the processes through which hierarchy andequality are created.FICTION a POETRYPeter Cooley, AM'64, The Astonished Hour(Carnegie Mellon). This is the author's fifth book ofpoetry. Donna Dickey Guyer, AB'36, Clippings (American Literary Press). Many of the poems in this, Guyer's first book of poetry, were individually publishedin the Lyric, Rotarian, Chicago Tribune, GoodHousekeeping, the Christian Scientist Monitor, andother publications.Bruce S. Levinson, MBA'84, and L.E. Modesitt,Jr., The Green Progression (TorISt. Martins). Thecombination of foreign intrigue, a post-coup Russia,and the inner workings of the environmental regulatory process make up this thriller.� Mario Andino Lopez, AM'67, El Capo y las Ama-zonas (Northeastern University's Esperante Editions). This novel, the story of a Central American dictator implicated for drug involvement, explores issuesof international politics.Jeffry S. Sears, AM'75, Small Town View (TheWild Rose Press). Serious with an occasional lighttouch, these poems address the persistent economicproblems of small towns and the subsequent effects onpeople's attitudes.HISTORY ICURRENT EVENTSMerle Black, AM'67, PhD'72, and Earl Black, TheVital South: How Presidents are Elected (HarvardUniversity Press). Carry the South, control the WhiteHouse. What the Democratic Party could once take forgranted, Republicans now claim for their own. Thisbook chronicles the massive shift of electoral powerand explores the history, meaning, and ramificationsof a Republican South in the realm of politicalelections.Andre Gunder Frank, AM'52, PhD'57, Centrality of Central Asia (VU Uitgeverij). Eurasian historywriting has invariably focused on the civilizations �fChina, India, Persia, Arabia, and Europe; geographIcally, however, these regions encircle the wide area ofCentral Asia, and were formed and even definedthrough interaction with that region. In this book, theauthor places an emphasis on the centrally importantrole of Central Asians in the history of their neighborS,and thus their place in world history as a whole.Ruth F. Necheles-Jansyn, AB'54, AB'55,AM'56, PhD'63, The Mediator Revisited: Profile ofaProfession, 1960s and 1985, Institute of Managementand Labor Relations, vol. 3 (Scarecrow Press). Examining how professional labor mediators have been !Ofluenced by the change in climate between the admtO-istrations of Presidents Kennedy and Reagan, t�eauthor has replicated an early 1960s survey of med!�tors employed by the Federal Mediation and Conclh-tation Service and by state labor relations agencies.George E. Reedy, AB'38, From the Uizrd to t�eWhite House: The Irish in American Politics (Scnb-ner's & Sons). This book covers the turn-of-th�century formation of the Irish political machines 10American cities., 7Benjamin I. Page and Robert Y. Shapiro, AM 7 ,AM'78, PhD'82, The Rational Public: Fifty Years.ofTrends in Americans' Policy Preferences (Universlt�of Chicago Press). Drawing on an enormous bod� Ofpublic opinion data, the authors provide a portraIt °the political views of Americans from the 1930s to1990. They cover all types of domestic and foreignpolicy issues, and consider how opinions vary by age,gender, race, religion, and the like.VirgilJ. Vogel, AM'49, PhD'66, IndianNarneso!1Wisconsin's Map (University of Wisconsin press)[This book attempts to give the origin and meaning °hundreds of American Indian names on the state ma��Place names are grouped together according to thelscultural roots-tribal names, personal names, nameof flora and fauna, names from the spirit world, e�cticThomas Jay Edward Walker, PhD' 83, Plumbs sFraternity: The History of the International Worke�t_Order (Garland Publishing). As an ethnic-based, .Iewing organization established as a mutual aid SOCIety,the IWO served the new immigrant groups from eastern and southen Europe, and attracted over one million members during its short life from the early 1900suntil its forced demise in the anti-communist fervor ofthe 1950s. Walker's analysis examines the IWO'sstruggle for committment from immigrant groups thatdesired to maintain cultural identity while beingpulled into cultural assimilation.Harris L. Wofford, Jr., AB' 48, Of Kennedys andKings: Making Sense of the Sixties (University ofPittsburgh Press). Focusing on how the politics andideas came together to shape critical decisions, Wofford explores the personal drama of the Kennedys andMartin Luther King, Jr., as their characters were tempered and tested. This new edition of the author's 1980book features an introduction by Bill Moyers; an afterword by the author, now the junior senator fromPennsylvania; and a ph?to section.MEDICINE a HEALTHHarry W. Fischer, SB' 43, MD' 45, and Leena Ketonen, Radiographic Neuroanatomy: A Working Atlas(McGraw-Hill). This book of medical images of thecentral nervous system is based on the premise thata physician should be well acquainted with humanneuroanatomy in the form encountered most often inpractice-images produced by modern radiologictechniques.Harry W. Fischer, SB' 43, MD' 45, editor, The Radiologist's Second Reader (The Granville MedicalBooks). This is a collection of articles from the radiological literature, each introduced by a briefcommentary. 'Dorothy Davies Johnson, MD '71, I Can 't Stt Still:Educating and Affirming Inattentive and HyperactiveChildren (ETR Associates). This guide offers supportand concrete skills needed by the parents, teachers,nurses, and counselors of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.D. Ariel Kerman, AB'74, AM'78, and RichardTrubo, The H.A.R. T. Program: Lower }bur BloodPressure Without Drugs (HarperCollins). An estimated 60 million Americans-one in three-have highblood pressure and, until recently, drugs were consid�red the best treatment. Now experts are recommendIng the use of non-drug therapies such as Hypertension Autonomic Relaxation Treatment, which addressthe underlying factors which contribute to high bloodpressure. This book introduces several biobehavioraland lifestyle methods for controlling blood pressure.POLITICAL SCIENCE a LAWGeorge Anastaplo, AB'48, JD'51, PhD'64, TheA.merican Moralist: On Law, Ethics, and Government(Ohio University Press). The author's overriding concern is to show how one can be moral without beingeither cranky or moralistic. Essays explore the foun?ations and limitations of sound morality, and examIne what is "American" about American moralityIlleasuring all by the moral yardsticks provided byclassical and modern philosophers.Henry Cheeseman, MBA'81 , Business Law: TheLegal, Ethical, and International Environment(Prentice-Hall). This college textbook covers privatelaw, government regulation, and the ethics and socialresponsibility of business.Paul Kantor, AM'66, PhD'72, and Dennis R.JUdd, editors, Enduring Tensions in Urban Politics(Macmillan). This volume contains 50 readings on theP?litical economy of American cities, viewed fromhIstorical and contemporary perspectives. Also inClUded are four essays by the editors introducing andeValuating the issues and perspectives of the variousreadings.Joel Levin, AB'72, AM'73, How Judges Reason:The Logic of Adjudication (Peter Lang). This book Love and marriage (see Feminist Studies)suggests that traditional explanations are inadequateto understand legal argument or make sense of judicialreasoning. Instead, a new theory, drawing on ideasfrom philosophical logic, game theory, truth theory,and jurisprudence, is offered to suggest that judicialtruth is individually objective but societally personaland pluralistic.Mark P. Petracca, AM'79, PhD'86, The Politicsof Interests: Interest Groups Transformed (WestviewPress). This volume in the Transforming AmericanPolitics Series is a survey of current issues affectinginterest group politics and scholarship.Judith A. Swanson, PhD'87, The Public and thePrivate in Aristotle's Political Philosophy (CornellUniversity Press). The author presents a reading ofThe Politics which revises the prevalent understanding of Aristotle's political economy and his views onwomen, family, slavery, and the relationship betweenfriendship and civic solidarity-arguing that for Aristotle private activity develops virtue and is thus essential both to individual freedom and happiness and tothe well-being of the political order.BELIGION a PHILOSOPHYLucy Bregman, AM'70, PhD'73, Death in theMidst of Life: Perspectives on Deathfrom Christianityand Depth Psychology (Baker Book House). Part ofthe Christian Explorations in Psychology Series, thisbook focuses on the roles of death in human development and in the Christian landscape of faith.Matthew Foster, AM'77, PhD'87, Gadamer andPractical Philosophy: The Hermeneutics of MoralConfidence (Scholars Press). This book explores thesignificance of Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics for ethics. The possibility of a "hermeneuticalphilosophy of practice" is pursued through a new interpretation of his position in debates with Habermasand Leo Strauss, and through a constructive critique ofGadamer's work.Robert C. Fuller, AM'75, PhD'78, Ecology ofCare: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Self andMoral Obligation (Westminster/John Knox Press).The author advances a view of the self using evolutionary science, psychology, ethics, and theology to develop an analysis of caring, and how we engage in the essentials of caring for ourselves, the environment, andhuman survival. Douglas J. Schuurman, PhD'88, Creation, Eschaton, and Ethics (Peter Lang). The author arguesthat continuity between creation and eschaton must beemphasized if Christian social ethics is to avoid dualistic understandings of personal and impersonal values,church and world, revolutionism and conservatism.Stephen H. Webb, AM'84, PhD'89, Re-FiguringTheology: The Rhetoric of Karl Barth (State University of New York Press). This book connects Barth's early theology to the Expressionism of the Weimar Republic by developing a theory of figures of speech,drawing on the work of Paul Ricoeur and HaydenWhite.SCIENCE a TECHNOLOGYLindley Darden, AM'69, SM'72, PhD'74, TheoryChange in Science: Strategies from Mendelian Genetics (Oxford University Press). Concerned with theprocesses involved in the birth and development ofnew ideas, the author examines strategies used by scientists for producing new theories, and then focuseson the origin of genetic theory as a case study in scientific creativity.Richard L. Lutz, AB'53, and 1. Marie Lutz, Komodo, the Living Dragon (DIMI Press). A ten-footlong carnivorous (and sometimes man-eating) reptilethat lives today on a few remote islands of Indonesia,the Komodo dragon is a creature unchanged in millions of years; this book is an account of the lizard'smany facets.SOCIAL SCIENCESWilliam Beers, PhD'89, Women and Sacrifice:Male Narcissism and the Psychology of Religion(Wayne State University Press). This text uses culturalanthropology and psychoanalytic self-psychology toexplore the gender-specific psychology of blood sacrifice and the ideological function of religion for maleviolence.Catherine Bell, AM'76, PhD'83, Ritual Theory,Ritual Practice (Oxford University Press). Analyzingthe use of ritual in anthropology, sociology, and thehistory of religions leads the author to a critique of howsuch theoretical discourse has been constructed; shethen offers an alternative framework for analyzing ritualization in terms of cultural and social strategiesand various power relationships.Johannes Fabian, AM'65, PhD'69, Time and theU0rk of Anthropology: Critical Essays 1971-1991(Harwood Academic Publishers). This is a collectionof previously published, but often inaccessible, papers that spans 20 years of the author's engagementwith modern thought and the problems ofethnography.Joseph B. Gittler, PhD' 41 , Annual Review of Conflict Knowledge and Conflict Resolution, volumes oneand two (Garland Publishing). The increasing interestin social confrontations has given rise to many groupsconcerned with the investigation, management, andtermination of conflicts. Each volume of this annualreview consists of reviews, interpretations, and analyses of the major scholarly books and journal articles.Lewis P. Lipsitt, AB'50, and L.L. Mitnick, editors, Self-Regulatory Behavior and Risk Taking:Causes and Consequences (Ablex Publishing Corp.).This book examines the phenomenon of death and debility at an early age and the reasons why, in developedcountries, more young people die of behavioral misadventures-including accidents, suicide, and homocide-than of all diseases combined.For inclusion in "Books by Alumni," pleasesend the name of the book, its author, its publisher, and a short synopsis to the Books Editor,University of Chicago Magazine, 5757 WoodlawnAve., Chicago, IL 60637.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 47BacStreetSerenadeA U of C professor recalls aHyde Park replete with elmtrees, coal dust, speakeasies, and all that jazz.48 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1992 THOMAS PARK'S AREAS OF SCIENTIFic expertise were ecology and evolution. But it was a different sort ofevolution-that of the everchanging neighborhood surrounding the University-which he recalled during interviewswith University historians in the mid:" 1980s.Park, SB'30, PhD'32-a faculty member inthe University's department of zoology since1937 and professor of biology from 1968 untilhis retirement in 1974-was interviewed aspart of a centennial project in which oral histories from dozens of professors, trustees, andHyde Park residents are being collected andtranscribed for the University's Archives.Park's reminiscences were among the mostextensive, says Richard Popp, AM'81, assistant University archivist-Park sat for morethan 25 sessions, sharing wide-ranging details about his career and his life, over six decades in Hyde Park and the University community. These reminiscences-included in theLibrary's Department of Special Collections'spring exhibit "The University and the City:A Centennial View of the University of Chicago" -are all the more poignant to read following Park's death this April at age 83."I have a recollection of Hyde Park as aplace that's been very green," the biologistsaid. "From the beautiful array of elm treeson the Midway throughout the whole of Hyde Park ... and Kenwood and all of Jackson Park,there's a very strong recollection in my mindof wonderful leafing and flowering.''Another impression I had of Hyde Park wasits tidy quality .... There was very little litter.Graffiti was an unknown event. We did haveone source of filth ... coal dust, because mostof Hyde Park was fired for many years withcoal furnaces .... You could feel the coal dust/ everywhere, on your face and on your personand in your books and in your possessions. Itwas a great blessing when Hyde Park converted from coal to oil."I think the thing I remember most pleasantly about Hyde Park as a boy and as a youngman and as an older man was the quality anddiversity of the shops. In [the 1930s and1940s] one could start at the corner of LakePark Avenue and 55th Street and walk to Cottage Grove ... and one could find two moviehouses, the Jefferson and the Frolic. In somewhat later years, [there was] a marvelous puband jazz emporium called the Beehive, whereMiff Mole played. A saloon on the cornerknown as The Wharf had a very questionablereputation because it was inhabited by manywomen who blonded their hair. ... A fewdoors down was a very famous old Hyde Parksaloon known as Hanley's which remainedopen during Prohibition [It] was particU-larly popular with streetcar motormen andconductors, with truck drivers, and with University professors. It was just filled with University professors during Prohibition."Park also recalled the shops lining 55thStreet, including bakeries, a fancy-food grocery, a butcher, a toy shop, several restaUrants, the Woodlawn Tap, and the UniversityState Bank. Nightclubs and ballrooms clustered at 63rd Street south of the Midway:''At Cottage Grove [and] 63rd Street ... onewould find ... the Tivoli Theater, which was alarge luxury theater, much like the ChicagOTheater. [There was also] the Trianon Ballroom, which was a place where one would gOto dance and pick up dates ... the Midway Gardens [at 60th and Cottage Grove] was also adance hall, but oflower repute, which had thegreat distinction of bringing [up] a man fro111New Orleans named King Oliver whObrought with him a young trumpet player. .. named Louis Armstrong. Louis Ar111-strong used to play there, and some of USwould go hear him play. He was," Park assured his interviewer, "superb."Looking west along 55th street from LakePark Avenue, ca. 1950 (above), when thestreet was one of Hyde Park's principal sh�P;ping and entertainment districts. The indrawing, right, reflects the jazz sce�edescribed by Thomas Park (left), and was ,neluded in Special Collections' exhibit, "TheUniversity and the City. "Stephen Longstreet's 1931 "Chicago" (inkon paper) is part of a larger collection of theartist's work donated by Longstreet to theUniversity Library's Department of SpecialCollections. 1n 1989, Special Collectionshad a one-man show of his works.• •• • • • •• • • •• • • •THE COMPLE E GREEKTRAGED ESrEDITED BY DAVID GRENE AND ICHMOND LA lTlMOREA CENTENNIAL PUBLICATIONII II II'ThiS acclaimed edition ofthe Greek tragedies inEnglish is now available in abeautiful new colleDa . eVlsed hisans ation of "PrometheusBound," and his new translations of "Oedipus atColon us" and "Antigone"bring a unity of tone to thethree Theban plays. Preferredby more than three millionreaders for personal and classroom use, this edition containsseven plays by Aeschylus, sevenby Sophocles, and nineteenby Euripides. "these authoritativetranslations consign allother complete collections to the wastebasket."- Robert Brustein, TheNew RepublicCloth $125.00 for the set ORDER FORMPlease send me:__ Copies of The Complete GreekTragedies, cloth 4-volume boxed set0-226-30763-8 $125.00Total orderSales tax'(IL addresses 7%,Chicago addresses 8%)Shipping & handling __(Add $4.00 per set)TOTAL PAYMENTSA1200o Check or money order enclosedo Charge myo Visa 0 MastercardCredit Card #Exp. date_Phone no. 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