FEATURES16 Inside the infrastructureOn a typical day, the University's physical plant office receivesat least 100 phone calls-calls you wouldn't want to get.TIM OBERMILLER22 Studying the stuff of summerBuilding sandpiles, catching a few rays, going fishing: it soundslike a vacation, but it's hard work for these researchers.STEVEN 1. BENOWITZ and MARY RUTH YOE28 Our captors, our selvesFrom the 17th century on, stories about white settlers capturedby Native American tribes have been best-sellers. GaryEbersole, AM'78, PhD'81, thinks he knows whyDEBRA SHORECover Presidential Young InvestigatorBarbara Block studies theorgan that gives a marlinwarm eyes (see page 22); photoby DavidJoel. Opposite:stopping traffic in Hyde Park(see page 2); photo by PatriciaEvans. Inside back cover:summer comes to the KerstenPhysics Teaching Center; photoby Jim Wright.2 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 Editors NotesA FRIEND ON UNIVERSITY AVENUEwrites us: On the evening of April 30 ,a happy group of friends and neigh­bors gathered in Marshall and BarbaraSahlins' front yard at 5629 University Ave­nue. Standing on his front steps, Sahlins, theCharles F. Grey Distinguished Service Pro­fessor of Anthropology, uncorked a bottle ofchampagne, and we toasted a commencementof sorts: the hatching of ten ducklings in a nestlocated a few feet from the front door.A month earlier a female mallard, for rea­sons known only to herself, had chosen tobuild her nest on a small terrace that extendsout from the steps on which Sahlins nowstood. It had seemed an odd place to nest: on abusy street full of cats and dogs and under­graduates. On closer examination, though,she had chosen well. She could not be seenfrom the sidewalk. The eaves of the houseprovided shelter. And her muted colors blend­ed into her surroundings.But did she really know what she was doing?Marshall was skeptical. And what should wedo when the eggs hatched? The Sahlinsescalled the zoo, but received little aid.The Audubon Society's hot line proved morehelpful. They said that within 24 hours of thehatching, the duck would lead her ducklingsto water. Our job was to run interference forher. In short: to "make way for ducklings. "The morning after the hatching, duck andbrood set off. Accompanied by the Sahlinses,they went south to 57th Street, then turnedeast toward the lake: their destination, itseemed, was Wooded Island, a mile and a halfaway.By the time they reached 58th Street, a pro­tective phalanx of University Avenue neigh­bors had formed. We had a role to play.At intersections the ducklings would tumbleover the curb on one side, cross the asphalt,then try to hop the curb on the other side.There were always a few that couldn't make it,requiring a boost from a human hand.At 58th and Kimbark, one duckling fellthrough the grates of a sewer drain. Someonefrom a nearby house brought out a butterflynet, which Jamie Redfield, AB'54, PhD'61,taking time from his duties as a professor inthe Committee on Social Thought, deftlyused to fish the duckling out of the sewer. Wetand oily, it rejoined the brood. Running interference: Sahlins and Redfield.Other perils threatened. The duck honkedand spread her wings in alarm: a cat. Weshooed it away. Then a more serious dangerpresented itself: a woman with a cardboardbox determined to scoop up the ducklings andtake them to Wooded Island where, she said,they would reunite with the mother. We re­sisted her. "My father was an ornithologist,"she countered, pulling rank. "It will be a mir­acle if they make it to Wooded Island. ""Yes," said Barbara Sahlins serenely, "itwill be a miracle."The duck led the way. Most of the time wedeferred, but when she started toward the LabSchools playground during recess, we de­flected her back onto 58th, then up Dorches­ter to the Midway.Once on the Midway, we were confrontedwith the problem of how to get the ducksacross the heavy traffic on Stony Island Ave­nue and Cornell Drive. The solution­prescribed by both common sense and literaryprecedent-was to summon the police. JamieRedfield used an emergency white telephoneto call the University police, and a police carjoined our procession.With the policeman's help, we stopped traf­fic and made way for ducklings. Once theyreached Wooded Island, they headed straightfor the water and swam off in formation. Westood on the banks and applauded.-Jamie KalvenFebruary's "Cancer on Trial" reported thatcancer had surpassed heart disease as the na­tion's No.1 killer. In fact, cancer is the biggestkiller of Americans aged 45 to 64; then heartdisease takes over.-M.R. y.lLettersSocial-life bluesI've got news for John Scalzi, '91, whowrote about" social life" at the U of C inyour APRlLl91 issue: you can't make outin the back of a ' 53 Studebaker. Buick orChrysler, maybe, but the "Study" was like astreamlined thimble.As for his comments on the University Ath­letic Association, maroon-and-white pom­poms, and "this year's Homecoming was thebest attended in recent history": in my dayStagg Field was known for splitting atoms, notskulls.Thank God (if there is a God, or even if thereisn't-as a philosophy major, surely Mr.Scalzi knows) I'm gone.JOHN DWYER, PHB'48CHULA VISTA, CALIFORNIADefiDiDg censonhipAn error was perpetrated by Chris­topher Myers ("Fresh Focus,"APRlLl91) when he agreed with theEconomist that the debate over the NEA dis­tribution policies was an "argument betweenthose who object to obscenity (most people)and those who object to censorship (most peo­pie)." On the contrary, the debate has nothingto do with censorship of the kind that mostpeople object to. We all practice one kind ofcensorship when we decide what to watch orread or what our children should watch orread. The kind we all object to is that in whichthe state tells us what we may not do with our­selves or our resources in situations whereharm to others is not a question. The latterdefinition, incidentally, is the better oneetymologically.Pray tell me how in the world is it censorshipwhen we the taxpayers restrict the use of fundswe give to someone? Suppose we said thefunds could only be used to support art objectsmade with acorns? Even that is not censor­ship. I believe the smokescreen of censorshipis usually thrown in for the purpose of obscur­ing the logic to make the conclusion come out"politically correct," and I think that kind ofintellectual dishonesty stinks. I hope Mr.Myers's mistake, on the other hand, was anhonest one.How is it that if my kid chooses to draw a pic- ture of Jesus in her public school art class,some teachers will not hang her work with theothers because tax dollars paid for the wallthat is supporting those pictures, but when anadult puts a image of Jesus in ajar of urine, I(as a taxpayer) am forced to pay for his timeand "creativity" as well as for the table to putit on?To help drive my point home, I hereby re­quest that I no longer receive your magazine.VICTOR TRIPp, AB '70TUCKER, GEORGIAArts fundiDgIn John Frohnmayer's opinion the arts"hold up a mirror to us; they help us un­derstand who we are; they help us under­stand what it is that has made America a greatcountry, and they help us create a vision forwhat we can be." Just how does the photo­graph of a crucifix in a toilet or of someoneurinating into another's mouth accomplishthis noble end?Not only is the selection of subjects for pho­tography questionable, modern painting islargely garish and ugly, modern music em­phasizes pornographic lyrics set to a heavytom-tom beat and overamplified noise, andmodern literature is at least 90 percent trash.U sing the arts for comparison, America in the1990s falls far short of most past civilizations.Seemingly the purpose of art is no longer toplease and uplift but to find some commonlyshared value and trash it.Frohnmayer does not wish to set himself upas the nation's "decency czar," a position onwhich I fully agree. Still, when art has beensupported privately in the past, someone hasexercised critical judgment and taste item byitem. To say that the government should paybut not exercise any control over the outputcan only lead to artistic chaos. Clearly theonly logical conclusion is to get governmentsponsorship out of the act. There is no goodreason why any American should be forced,through taxation, to support any unregulatedart, let alone that which is personallyoffensive.The complete separation of church and stateunder the Constitution is another way of say­ing that the government has no business tryingto manipulate the soul of the nation. And, Explorethe evolutionof thehuman mindA Lecture Series:The Science of HumanityJune 20"How Man is Governed"Professor Lloyd Etheredge, Departmentof Political Science, SwarthmoreCollege, and Fellow of the Institute forSocial and Behavioral Pathology,University of Chicago andWashington, D.C.July 18"The Mind of the Political Terrorist"Professor Richard Pearlstein, Directorand Fellow of the Institute for Social andBehavioral Pathology, University ofChicago and Washington, D.C.Admission is $5Iperson. Students whh 1.0.and Academy members admitted free. Payat the door or make reservations by calling(312) 943-9260.The Chicago Academy of Sciences2001 North Clark Street at ArmitageUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 3Can YouPicli a Winner?Each year the AlumniAssociation selects out­standing alumni who deserverecognition for professionalexcellence, service to theUniversity, and benefit tosociety. The 1992 awardrecipients will be honored atthe gala Centennial Reunion.• The Alumni Medal• The University AlumniService Medal• The ProfessionalAchievement Citations• The Public ServiceCitations• The Alumni ServiceCitationsAnd new for the Centennial• The Young Alumni ServiceCitationsIf you know someone whodeserves a medal (or acitation), send for anomination form or callthe Alumni Associationat 3121702-2160.Deadline for completednominotions:October 15, 1991.---------------Please send me anomination form for the1992 Alumni Awards.Name _Address__City State __Zip Code ---'--_Return to:Awards CommitteeUniversity of ChicagoAlumni AssociationRobie House5757 S. Woodlawn AvenueChicago, IL 60637All nominations are toremain confidential.4 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 until sufficient funds are available to providethe citizenry with adequate protection of lifeand limb, and to provide a minimum of foodand health care, it does not make much fiscalsense to squander tax dollars on things that areless necessary. Certainly we have not gottenmuch return on our federal investment in thearts up to this point.PAULJACKSON, SB'48, SM'49BETHESDA,MARYLANDThe politics of artAfter reading John Frohnmayer's ideasabout the role of art in the life of thenation, I was struck by how muchmore Mr. Frohnmayer will have to learn in hisnew job and ordeal as chair of the NationalEndowment for the Arts. He speaks the lan­guage of Shelley, Goethe, and Arnold: "Thearts ... pay attention to the health of the mindand spirit of the American people. They holdup a mirror to us; they help us understand whowe are; they help us understand what it is thathas made America a great country, and theyhelp us create a vision for what we can be."These are uplifting words and were they true,even to a small degree, of the aesthetic viewsof those competing for support and fundsfrom the NEA, there might be room for com­promise over the many requests from the art­ists clamoring for government patronage.The problem for Frohnmayer and for ear­nest types who wish to see a role for thegovernment, something like the WPA com­missions of the 1930s, is that between the late20th-century ideas of creativity and a Repub­lican government's idea of enlightened artyawns a vast and probably unbridgeable gap.We live at the end of a modernist movementthat blazed early in the century and exists nowin its dying embers, just like the Romanticismof the 1890s. Even those who know little aboutart history will recognize the symptoms ofjinde siecle avant-garde. You must always shockthe complacent middle classes. Anyonebrowsing among the latest experimental,adversarial, confessional, and let-it-all-hang­out art will soon realize that holding the mir­ror up to nature (Shakespeare's phrase) is asobsolete as Ibsen. The new aesthetic is a lotless idealistic: either art serves as a vehicle fora political agenda (more money for AIDS re­search) or it is a form of narcissism. The im­portant point for the '90s artist is to find an en­tirely new and novel way to divulge blackhumor. What Kafka worked at in a painfulsearch for truth, albeit dark and difficult,becomes the amusing adventures of a serialkiller in Bret Ellis's American Psycho.What is really going on is an assertion ofpower by the avant-garde who wish throughthe NEA's peer panels to control governmentpatronage in order to validate their existence as "artist," a coveted term that in the 20thcentury has superseded priest and physician.Like the Puritans of old, who feared theymight be predestined to wind up in hell, andthus looked for signs of God's favor (usuallymoney or property), the avant-garde artistwho may not sell his works to a worshippingpublic pines for a grant from the NEA, whichassures the fledgling artist that his peers havestamped him for approval. He is thus assuredlike his Puritan forebears of his form of salva­tion. Mr. Frohnmayer's radically differentconception of art's function puts him on acollision course with the avant-garde. Itwill be interesting to see who wins thisKulturkampf.ARTHUR WEITZMAN, AB'56, AM'58CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTSShifting alliances"5 hifting Sands in the Middle East" byRashid Khalidi (FEBRUARY/91)contains some arguments that arepotentially dangerous to the United States intheir ramifications.One of these arguments is that theAmerican-Israeli strategic relationship hasbeen based only on the Cold War, which isnow over (a dangerous fallacy in itself giventhe recent Soviet -attempted scuttling of ourgoals re Iraq in the gulf war, not to mentionIraq's use of Soviet-made Scud missiles). Theimplication is that we no longer need to aid Is­rael with its military needs to the same extentas in the past.Perhaps Mr. Khalidi should take anotherlook at the title of his article for proof that theAmerican-Israeli relationship has been basedon far more than the Cold War. If events in theMiddle East in the last year have proven any­thing, it is that Arab alliances are indeed"constantly shifting." Before August 1990,the Arab nations constantly voted against us inthe United Nations, and the United States wasnot even allowed to refuel our military planesin ANY Middle Eastern country exceptfor Israel, even in the event of a nationalemergency.Now that the Arab countries no longer needus to protect their oil and lands from invasionby Iraq, is there anyone so sanguine as to seri­ously doubt that the "sands" will eventuallyshift back to where they were before? There­fore, apart from a desire to help maintain thestrength of the only democracy in the MiddleEast, a country that shares vital intelligenceand weapons-development with us, and a realally that showed incredible restraint in not at­tacking Iraq even before we sent our Patriotmissiles, a strong Israel is strategically neces­sary to us every bit as much as before.MARION SUSSMAN, PHB'48, AM'51CHICAGOCriticizing subsidizingI was distressed to read letters (APRIL!91) from fellow alumni Abraham Bell,Jay 1. Jacoby, and David Broyles criticiz­ing Professor Rashid Khalidi's article on"Shifting Sands in the Middle East." I haveread the article and found it to be a reasonableview of a complex subject. The criticism ofmy fellow alumni is consistent with the policyof the Israeli lobby in this country, which is toshoot down any criticism of Israel or its gov­ernment. A decision to cease subsidizing Is­rael and to treat that country as any othercould do more to solve the Arab-Israeli prob­lem than any other action.RANDALLL. THOMPSON, MD'40BLACK MOUNTAIN, NORTH CAROLINAMidway memoriesThe article about Lorado Taft (FEB­RUARY/91) brought back memoriesof my early childhood. As a young girlI attended the Saturday morning" clay model­ing" class at the Chicago Art Institute. As areward for winning a semester's scholarship,my teacher, a Miss Haseltine (probably a stu­dent or protege of Taft) invited me to visit thegreat man's studio. My mother, a Czech im­migrant, and I made the trip one Sunday after­noon in the pouring rain on the EI from theWest Side to the South Side. We found thebuilding where the studio was housed and en­tered the large doors into a cavernous roomcontaining many massive pieces of sculpturebut not a single living soul. Being very shy, wedid not know how to attract the attention of myteacher. The whole scene was inspiring andintimidating. We wandered around silentlyfor a while and finally crept back out into therain and to the EI.Many years later I often thought of that inci­dent when I saw the sculpture on the Midwaywhile pursuing my degree at the University.Taft was probably working on the project atthat time. Now, at age eighty, I still admire theflowing concept of that great piece of art.JARMILA TESAR, PHB'32KALAMAZOO, MICHIGANA different penpectiveThanks for enriching my understandingof Lorado Taft's Fountain of Timethrough Tim Obermiller's excellentarticle and Carl Wisner's letter (APRIL!91).This sculpture group has been my favoritework in the Chicagoland area for the past tenyears.I have come to see the end of the processionin a slightly different way than that of Tim'stour guide who pointed out that there are twofigures in the lead. In my view, the figure lead­ing the rest is the one gazing upward (the THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATIONInvites you to join distinguished faculty and alumni friendsparticipating in the alumni travel/study programs scheduled for 1991Berlin to Bergen:Northern Lands of LightJuly 5-19Beginning with three days inreunited Berlin, the study trip willthen visit Sweden, Denmark, andNorway aboard the Illiria.Anna Lisa Crone, AssociateProfessor of Slavic Languages andLiteratures, will lecture along withher husband Vladimir Donchik,a noted architect. Rhine and Moselle Rivers:Munich to AmsterdamJuly 29-August 10A cruise of the river systemthat has been a strategic featurein European political struggles aswell as an essential artery ofcommerce and culture throughouthistory will be led by ProfessorRobert von Hallberg, who willdiscuss the German avant gardemovement and the cultural impactof reunification. He will be joinedby Yale's Sir Michael Howard,a preeminent military historian.Alaskan Wilderness andNative CulturesJuly 26-August 6By ship, rail, and air we will visitsome of the most scenic areas ofAlaska's coastline and interior.Professor Jerrold Sadock, an experton the native languages andcultures of the region, will beour faculty lecturer. Greenland andthe Canadian ArcticAugust 14-26This cruise will explore the areaabove the Arctic Circle,traveling first to Baffin Islandand then across Baffin Bayto the fjords and coastal islandsof Greenland. Stephen Pruett-jonesof the department of ecologyand evolution will focus onthe wildlife, geology, andecology of the region.Walking Tour in SwitzerlandAugust 22-September 7Participants will choose amongdaily guided hikes or strolls fromEngleberg, Zermatt, Celerina,and Appenzell. The trip will beled by Professor MihalyCsikszentmihalyi, author ofthe acclaimed Flow: ThePsychology of Optimal Experience.For further information and brochures or to be added to our travel! studymailing list, call or write to Laura Gruen, Associate Director, University ofChicago Alumni Association, 5757 South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL60637. 3121702-2160.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 5The Best TiIneof Your Life isAbout to Begin.Breathtaking views ofLake Michigan ...This exceptional lifestyleawaits you at Hyde Park'sonly continuing careretirement community -Montgomery Place.Immediate access to the richcultural life of Hyde Park ...Exclusively designed forthose 60 and over,Montgomery Place features agracious dining room, safetyand security, scheduledtransportation and more!Beautiful apartment homes andhealth care under one roof ...Call to make an appointmentat our on-site rental office.Don't delay - units are goingfast!Mo�!!�ceHyde Park's Only ContinuingCare Retirement Community(312) 288-3300Sponsored by the Church Home, a member of theEpiscopal Charities of the Diocese of Chicago.6 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 George Washington look -alike, though itcould be an elderly woman), not the one lean­ing over for a reflected image in the pool andholding his head in horror. From this perspec­tive, there is hope that in the next movement ofthe procession, in the next wave of time, thebent and agonizing figure will sit upright,palms up and hands beside the body-wherethey belong-becoming perhaps more peace­ful, like the one before him who is resigned.There are two figures at the dramatic south­ern corner, yes. But one is slightly ahead ofthe other; the leader is poised preparing forthe final moment. A masterpiece far fromkitsch!JOHN KLOOS, PHD'84DOWNERS GROVE, ILLINOISFlashbackI was struck by the photograph of figuresfrom Lorado Taft's Fountain of Time onthe cover of the FEBRUARY /91 issue. Itimmediately reminded me of the one I tookfor the fall quarter orientation issue of the Ma­roon for September 30, 1971. (See right.)My intent in picking the angle from which Ishot the lead figure was humorous: "Oh, no,here we go (again)." But, to my surprise andpleasure, I got a call from a faculty memberwho thought my rendition sufficiently memo­rable to request an 11" x 14" print. I producedit, happily took his check, and briefly had fan­tasies of becoming a fine arts photographer.But, I digress: Nice cover photo.DAVID FOSSE, AB'72, MBA'75CHICAGORound the Table againWhile we enjoyed your April articleon the Chicago Round Table radioshow ("First Things Last"), wenoticed that it failed to mention the survivingdescendent of the old program, which isbroadcast every Monday at 4:30 p.m. onWHPK, the University's student-run radiostation. In its present incarnation, though, theRound Table has changed considerably, withemphasis now placed on the recent work ofprominent individual members of the Univer­sity's faculty. David Mingay, a psychologist atNORC, conducts and records the hour-longprogram's interviews, which are then broad­cast from our studios in Mitchell Tower.Your article also coincides with plansWHPK has recently made to revive the origi­nal show's conversational format. Featuringdiscussions of crucial intellectual issues byChicago professors, visiting scholars, andsignificant thinkers from outside academia,our new program is designed to appeal to amore select audience than do typical radiotalk shows. We hope that this new version of the Chicago Round Table will be under way byJune, and people interested in participatingare encouraged to contact our office in theReynolds Club.THOMAS FRANKWHPK STATION MANAGERRadio's heydayWhen I spotted the article on theRound Table, I almost called mydaughters, Joyce Probst, AB'86,AM'90, Helen Probst, AB'86, and ClaudiaProbst, to tell them to read about their father,George Probst, AB'39, AM'55, who was al­ways very proud of having run the programfrom 1945 to 1954. I was disappointed thatyou did not acknowledge any of those respon­sible for getting it on the air week after week.George used to summarize preparations bysaying "In radio, we rehearsed the people. InTV, they rehearse the equipment." This mayexplain the popularity of the Round Tablebroadcasts and the transcripts.ANNICE MILLS ALT, AM' 54. NEW YORK CITYJapanese-Americans and WWIIThe Chicago Historical Society is orga­nizing an exhibition entitled" ChicagoGoes to War, 1941-45," which willopen in May 1992. One issue which the exhi­bition hopes to address is the experience ofJapanese-Americans during the war, and thesociety would like to talk with Japanese­Americans who attended the University dur­ing World War II, to learn about their recol­lections of the University, the city, and the waryears.Although the society recognizes that the war • ALBANY. ATLANTA • BOSTON. CHICAGO. CLEVELAND. DALLAS • DENVER • DETROIT·years were for many a trying period, it also 0feels that a discussion of Chicago during World �War II would be incomplete if it neglected the gexperience of Japanese-Americans. Please �contact the "Chicago Goes to War" office di- �rectly at 312/642-5035, extension 278. ;ANNA HOLIAN, AB'90CHICAGO HIS10RICAL SOCIETYAIDS accuracyThe segment in "Investigations" in theDECEMBER/90 Magazine entitled"Neurologist Turns Sleuth" was veryinteresting, but was inaccurate in characteriz­ing HIV as "the AIDS virus" and stating that"a retrovirus causes AIDS." Contrary to pop­ular belief, the theory that HIV causes AIDSis still only hypothetical, though clearly it isassociated with AIDS. There are still numer­ous other theories, albeit less-accepted ones,regarding the cause of AIDS, including multi­factorial theories and ones related tosyphilis.CAROLA BURROUGHS, AB'72BROOKLYN, NEW YORKHutchins, helpI have just finished Harry Ashmore'sbook, Unseasonable Truths: The Life ofRobert Maynard Hutchins. Two briefcomments occur to me.Robert Hutchins was one of the most bril­liant persons in America in his lifetime. It wasregrettable that he made a career change whenhe left the University. His lifelong concernswith education in general, with liberal educa­tion specifically, and with standards of excel­lence would have been more effectivelyserved from the podium of chancellor of a ma­jor university than from the platforms of hissubsequent associations.Finally, the undoing of much of what he at­tained at Chicago appears ill-advised andcounterproductive! In this age of "education­al crisis" and "Hollow Men" in American ed­ucation, the presence of an outspoken, tower­ing figure like Robert Hutchins would be a bighelp.JOSEPH HASSON, MBA'47, AM'50, PHD'51ROCKVILLE, MARYLANDThe University of Chicago Magazine invitesletters from readers on the contents of themagazine or on topics related to the Universi­ty. Letters for publication, which must besigned, may be editedfor length and/or clari­ty. To ensure the widest range of voices, pre} cerence will be given to letters of 300 words or �less. Letters should be addressed to: Editor, .:University of Chicago Magazine, 5757 2Ubodlawn Ave. , Chicago, IL 60637. •::::E0cC)zi2cwI-Z:::::I•<en_,:::::Il-•0I-Z0a:0l-•0>�0l-•iiiQ..C(l-•en:50_,...:en•_,:::::I0wen•w_,t:<wen•00en0Z<a:II..z<en•00w0Z<en•enwi=0c<:::::Id• THANK YOUto our University of Chicago Club presidentsand contacts around the world.AlbanyAtlantaBostonBrusselsChicagoClevelandCyprusDallasDavenportDenverDetroitDusseldorfEugeneFairfield CountyGenevaHawaiiHong KongHoustonNW Indianalondonlos AngelesMiamiMilwaukeeMinneapolisNew OrleansNew YorkNorth CarolinaPhiladelphiaPhoenixPittsburghPortlandPrincetonSt. louisSan DiegoSan FranciscoSeattleSeoulTaipeiTorontoTokyoTulsaWashington, DC Sara Harris, AB'41David Robichaud, AB'74Marjorie I-iellerstein, AM'47M. J. De Meirleir, PhD'50Kenneth levin, AB'68, MBA'74Gregory Balbierz, AB'72, AM'73John F. Harvey, PhD' 49lisa Wanamaker, MBA'88Elizabeth Wallace, BFA'66, MST'75Robert Stewart, MBA'83Erica Peresman, AB'80Christian Veith, MBA'90Jeffrey Osanka, AB'82Rosanne Anderson, AB'81Bernard Angenieux, MBA'60H. Clay Whitlock, MBA'70Ying-Sui lo, MD'78Jerome Offner, AB'72Mary Phillips, AB'81Susan Storring, AM'77Michael Schlutz, SB'66Andrew Rappeport, AB'84, AM'84Jacklyn Kafura, AM'SOSue Parker, AB'65Marie Stroud, AB'82Coco van Meerendonk, AB'64James P. Beckwith, JD'74Mark Aronchick, JD'74Eugene Kadish, AB'63, JD'66Catherine De loughry, AB'83Edward Gronke, AB'52Rachel McCleary, PhD'86Michael Waxenberg, AB'77Robert Pasulka, AB'76, MBA'81Thomas Sheehan, Jr. MBA'63Eric Carlson, MBA'75Jong H. Chey, AM'61Paul Hsia, MBA'70Evelyn H. lazare, MBA'70Iwao Shino, MBA'55Nancy Feldman, AB '44, JD '46larry Hyman, AB'73Jonathan Knight, AB'63From the Alumni Clubs Department 312/702-2154.THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Qc(I)(I)m,...Qo�"II•meQmZm•%oZQSZQ•%oZo,...c:,...c:•%oc:(I)�oz•,...o(I))ItZQm,...m(I)•3:ss•3:ZZm,..."o,...en•Zm�o�,...m,..Z(I)•Zm�-<o��•z(;o(I)s• HOt:lnaSllld • XIN30Hd • YIHd130Y1IHd • SIt:lYd • YNYIONI MN • YNIlOt:lY:> Hlt:lON •UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 7ourseWork A graduate of the University of California­Los Angeles, Lloyd earned his Ph.D. in zool­ogy from Chicago in 1957. He's been at theUniversity since 1967, winning the QuantrellAward for undergraduate teaching in 1988.Over the years, the professor in ecology andevolution has gained a reputation as an experton periodical cicadas. For example, when abrood of 17-year cicadas emerged from theirunderground burrows in Chicago's suburbsThe BigPicture Two first-year students sink intotheatre-style seats in Kent 107. Allaround them, clusters of arrivingstudents, blinking in the artificialtwilight of the octagonal, domed lecture hall,search out empty seats."They need more light in here," the firstwoman mutters to the other, a whiff of freshbubble gum accenting her words."There's going to be a movie," her friendresponds."So, what's the teacher's name?""Monte Lloyd.""Monte Lloyd?""Monte Lloyd."There are millions ofspecies of life on earth. In"Biological Diversily,"Monle Lloyd helps hissludents understand why. Monte Lloyd is a slender, balding man whowears large, thick glasses and a thoughtful ex­pression. When he lectures-hopscotchingcarefully from observation to observation,slide to slide, his elbows flying in and out-heresembles a sexagenarian Jiminy Cricket.8 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/juNE 1991 last spring, Lloyd was ready to provide squea­mish reporters with lots of believe-it-or-notfacts about these "magnificent animals," aswell as fast-food recipes for delicacies likecicada "shrimp" and cicada stir-fry.The same kinds of seemingly arcane but in­trinsically fascinating details season his slide­filled lectures in BioSci 195, "BiologicalDiversity." It's a required course for allundergraduates in the biological sciences."This course is not only about diverse or­ganisms," Monte Lloyd will tell his class onopening day, "it's about what those organismsdo for a living, about how they live."And it's a course "about something that's indanger." Biological diversity, he notes, is rap­idly dwindling. "Several-probably 100-species a day are becoming extinct. Most ofthese species live in tropical rain forests. Weneed to understand why those forests are so di­verse, and we need to understand why that di­versity is being destroyed."On the first Tuesday of spring quarter, almost200 students show up for the class. Lloyd,aided by a battery of teaching assistants, neat­ly stacks piles of photocopied handouts. Theroom brightens, then dims, as a young womanadjusts a slide projector.When Lloyd begins to talk, students leanforward to catch his soft, reedy voice. "Sincethis is your first course in biology, you need ageneral biology book, so I have assigned one.You won't really be required to read the wholebloody book during this quarter-but I willask questions from it. "Those questions, he explains, will come onslide exams given every week on Thursday,"including the day after tomorrow.""It's a screwy kind of exam," he confesses."I show you a slide and ask you three or fourquestions about it."Up and down the aisles, an anxious under­tone starts to build.''All you have to do is work hard," Lloydsays reassuringly, "and you get a goodgrade."The work includes lab sessions (students aredivided alphabetically into groups A and B,each with five subsections, meeting after thelecture on alternate Tuesdays) and on-your­own excursions to the Field Museum of Natu­ral History (mammals, plants, dinosaurs, rep­tiles, and birds), the Lincoln Park Zoo, andthe Shedd Aquarium. For each outing, Lloydhas tailored a specific guide."Most people walk up to an exhibit"­Lloyd turns sideways, mimes looking into adisplay case-" and spend one, two, or threeseconds and go on. They don't see a damnthing! "In contrast, he warns, "We're going to studythese things in nauseating detail-and I canask you slide exam questions which youcouldn't answer if you haven't gone to themuseums."The slide exams, Lloyd says, are cumulative-tests cover all information assigned up toand including the day of the test-but they'realso open book: "You don't have to memorizeanything. All you have to do is know where tofind it."And you don't have to take notes. MonteLloyd has already done that: there are 350pages of class handouts, including. notes forhis lectures as well as word-by-word scriptsfor the films in David Attenborough's Life onEarth series, shown after each lecture.In fact, Lloyd says as the lights go down forhis first slide show, "My lectures are going tobe impossible to take notes on. Don't worryabout taking notes. Just listen."Thursday afternoon. The general hubbub ofstudent conversation-the class seemsamazed at how large it is-stops quickly whenMonte Lloyd, in mustard-colored shirt and brown cordoroys, enters the room.Learning about biological diversity, he be­gins, is more than learning that there are lotsof organisms. That fact alone is "boring."What's important is why there's diversity."We're going to approach diversity from thepoint of view of adaptation and the wayan or­ganism has solved the problems that the envi­ronment confronts it with," Lloyd explains.Studying biological diversity "is very much aAs the lights go down,Monte Lloyd says, "Mylectures are going to beimpossible to take notes on.Don't worry about takingnotes. Just listen. "historical kind of story. "Today's lecture-the title given in the hand­out is "Climatology and Pleistocene"­makes the same point: "We have to know notonly what's there now, but where it came fromand how it changed over time."Over the next hour, Lloyd-now a disembo­died voice in the darkness-will give each im­age perhaps a minute on the giant screen.There are graphs, book illustrations, imagesfrom other films, and what could only be clas­sified as Lloyd's home movies. For example,slides of the main quadrangles-in summergreen and winter white-flash by to demon­strate the seasonal changes caused by Earth'stilting axis.One of his "favorite" slides is one hesnapped from an airplane window in El Salva­dor. It shows "a little white cloud formed by afire during the dry season." (It's a favoriteslide, he explains, because it provides a per­fect illustration of wet, warm air rising-andcooling as it rises-until it can't hold as muchwater as it contains; at that point, the watercondenses to form a cloud.)Even if it were light enough to see your note­book, Lloyd is right: the information is com­ing too quickly-and in too much detail-fornote taking. Especially when each slideprompts a question: Why is there a desert justbeyond Peru's ocean coast? Why is it possiblefor climates to change so rapidly? Why is itthat when Chicago is having warm weather,Costa Rica is having its rainy season?The answers are a matter of making connec­tions, and Lloyd easily juxtaposes the every­day with the faraway. "I hate the North Side, "he announces in the midst of a discussion ofIce Age glaciers. "Do any of you ever go upthere? None of the streets are straight. That's because the roads are on top of terminal mo­raines," parallel ridges that are the relics ofglaciers."You know how it is in the summer whenyou're finishing a glass of iced tea and all theice cubes fall in your face?" The questiononly seems a non sequitur. As the laughterdies, Lloyd makes the paleontological con­nection to "a glacier surge," a sudden ad­vance of the ice front. Losing stability as itmelts, it suddenly collapses of its own weight-one possible explanation for the creation ofterminal moraines.It's a world in flux and, Lloyd says as hereaches the day's final slide, "This is the reallybad news: We can also change the planet.""That's it," he announces a moment later,barely pausing. "I want to rush on, " he says tothe class. "Must you take a break or will yousit still for the film?"Break wins, Then, after a 30-minute segmentof Life on Earth, it's test time.The test comes in two parts. Lloyd shows theslides and reads the questions, "designed tosee whether you can think." Meanwhile, TAsare handing out copies of the same questions,along with blank paper for answers. Then thelights go on. There's a quiet rustle as the realwork of the test begins.Each exam has 21 slides, 21 questions-ofwhich you have to answer 20. "If you answerall 21 , " the test instructions warn overachiev­ers, "we will grade the first 20 and ignore#21." So that there's no wait to find out whatthe right response is, Lloyd puts mimeo­graphed answer sheets just outside the class­room, to be picked up after the exam.As the students make their way through theexam, the wide-mouthed grin of a crocodilelingers on the screen. It's the slide thatprompted Question #21 and it's a puzzler:"The female crocodile 'incubates' her eggs bylaying them in rotting vegetation, but she thenreturns and digs them up again just before theyhatch. How does she know when the eggs areready to hatch?"Can she smell them? Over the stench of de­cay, not likely. She can't see them-but there'sanother sense left. From the answer sheet:"The young unhatched alligators 'pipe' to her,i.e., they make noises from inside the shell."In a few minutes, the crocodile smile disap­pears, snapped off as a TA packs up the slideprojector. Monte Lloyd glances at the clockand stows his pointer under the table at thefront of the hall. He surveys the room of scrib­bling students, ready to hop in with an answerwhen a hand is raised."I want to remind you" -pens pause, headslift, as Lloyd breaks the concentrated silence- "that when you finish this exam, you're notthrough with this material. It will come upagain."-M.R. Y.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 9FOR THE RECORDNew dean: Katie Nash hasbeen appointed dean ofstudents in the College,after serving as acting deansince September. In 1975,Nashjoined the adminis­tration as assistant dean ofCollege admissions. In1979, she was namedassistant dean of Collegestudents and in 1982 shewas appointed associatedean of students.John Simon Guggenheimfellowships for 1991 wereawarded to three Universityprofessors: Robert Kaster,Classical Languages &Literatures; Ian Mueller,mathematics; and AnneRobertson, music. Thethree were chosen- alongwith 140 other artists,scholars, and scientists­from among 3, 092 appli­cants this year. •Mexico's SaliDas deliversfirst MartlD-Baro lectureMEXICAN PRESIDENT CAR­los Salinas de Gortari'sApril visit to the Universi­ty of Chicago was an occasion ofseveral firsts.It was on the brink of what Salinasand George Bush;at least, hope willbe the first trilateral economic agree­ment between Mexico, the U. S. , andCanada. It was also the first IgnacioMartin-Ban) Lecture, delivered inSpanish by Salinas on April 11, inmemory of Martin-Baro, PhD'79, acivil rights advocate who was one ofsix Jesuit priests murdered in El Sal­vador in 1989.Prior to giving the Mandel Halladdress, Salinas attended a privateceremony to inaugurate the Univer­sity's new Mexican Studies Pro­gram. The program will promoteresearch on Mexico by Universityscholars and sponsor academic ex­changes between Mexico and theUniversity."In the past 10 years, nearly 50University students in a broad rangeof fields have completed theirPh.D.s based on research on Mexi­co," said John Coatsworth, profes­sor of history and director of thenewly formed program."During that period," Coats­worth added, "one out of every 10Ph. D. s in Mexican history grantedin the u.s. has been awarded at theUniversity of Chicago." The Uni­versity currently has 12 facultymembers who specialize in Mexi­can studies. Among them are Frie­drich Katz, the Morton D. Hull Dis­tinguished Service Professor ofHistory, who received the Aztec Ea-10 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 Salinas in Mandel Hall: '�s William Harper once said ... "gle-the highest award given to aforeigner who studies Mexican cul­ture- from the Mexican govern­ment in 1988 for his research on theMexican Revolution.Coatsworth called the selection ofSalinas to inaugurate the lecture se­ries honoring Martin-Bare "partic­ularly appropriate. It is first of all agreat honor to have a chief of statedeliver the lecture, and it is appro­priate that that person be from Mex­ico, because Mexico has been foryears a haven for victims of humanrights abuse."Salinas's tour of the United Stateswas specifically to promote a pro­posed trilaterial agreement thatwould virtually eliminate the re­maining trade and tariff restrictions among Mexico, the U.S., and Cana­da, and he had a chance to pitch theadvantages of such an agreementduring a U. S. - Mexican trade con­ference sponsored by the Universi­ty, held downtown April 11-12. ButSalinas's speech in memory of Igna­cio Martin-Bare emphasized thetopic of human rights.The example of Martin- Baro 'slife, Salinas said, "stands as elo­quent testimony that intoleranceand the violence it engenders canphysically destroy the man, but nev­er the spirit that guided him in hisstruggle."Salinas pointed to his country's re­cent establishment of a NationalHuman Rights Commission. "Injust a few months we have receivedover 2,500 complaints that have metwith the support and serious investi­gation required. We have also re­formed criminal law and proce­dures in order to render guaranteesof civil rights more effective. Themodifications are oriented basical­ly toward eliminating illegal deten­tions, interrogations marked by vio­lence, manipulated confessions,and high-handed treatment of vul­nerable indigenous groups."Salinas, a Harvard-educatedeconomist, was familiar enoughwith the University of Chicago toquote its first president in hisspeech: "Mexico and the UnitedStates are now on the threshold ofnew and respectful relations thatcan be more productive, friendlier,and just .... As William Harperonce said, the goal is 'to becomeone in spirit, not necessarily inopinion. '"Coming up:a campaignTHE OFFICIAL ANNOUNCE­ment will come during theOctober kickoff of the Uni­versity's centennial celebration, butunofficially plans have long beenunder way for a five-year, Univer­sity-wide development campaign."The new campaign has itsroots," says Warren Heemann, vicepresident for development andalumni relations, "in long-rangeplanning, begun in the early 1980sby the trustees, President Gray, andthe deans of the divisions and pro­fessional schools, to set prioritiesfor the institution as it enters its sec­ond century. "To be called "Chicago: The NextCentury," the multimillion-dollarcampaign is intended to strengthenthe University's academic pro­grams, with much of the effort go­ing to increasing the endowment-which supports faculty profes­sorships, undergraduate scholar­ships, and graduate fellowships.The campaign will also seek giftsfor several building projects and tosupport the University's day-to-dayoperations.The campaign's dollar goal, to beannounced in early October, will bethe largest in the University's histo­ry, Heemann says, although the final goal is yet to be determined.Guiding the campaign is a trusteesteering committee chaired by B.Kenneth West, MBA'60, immediatepast chair of the University's boardof trustees. In addition, there arethree other key trustee groups. Themajor-gifts committee, chaired byCharles Marshall, is the largest-still growing, it will includesome 50 members by the cam­paign's kickoff. The corporate-giftscommittee is chaired by WestonChristopherson (vice chairman isOrmand Wade), and the outreachcommittee is chaired by EdgarJannotta.Members of the committees havebeen at work for some time, meet­ing with fellow trustees, other ma­jor prospects, and corporate leadersto discuss "their participation in thecampaign. Similar work has beengoing on in the professionalschools, where other committeeshave been appointed to lay ground­work for the effort. Meanwhile, thedrive's planners are developing acampaign case statement, as well asa campaign newsletter to providevolunteers and major prospects with information on the campaign'sstructure, progress, and goals.Gay harassmentinvestigatedTHE CHICAGO POLICE DEPART­ment and the U. S. Postal In­spectors Office were calledto assist the University in its investi­gation of harassment against threegay students, including a physicalattack upon one of the men, and en­velopes sent to all three containing apowder which the sender falselyclaimed was toxic.As 'Of mid-May, no arrests had beenmade, although the University hasposted a $3,000 reward for informa­tion leading to the apprehension andconviction of the person(s) responsi­ble for the threats and attacks.President Hanna Gray issued astrongly worded statement follow­ing the March 17 attack on one of thethree students, who was reportedlyassaulted by two men in ski masksafter leaving the Cummings LifeScience Center at 2:20 a.m. The Overseeing Argonne:President Hanna Grayassigned the task of over­seeing the University'smanagement of ArgonneNational Laboratory toArthur Sussman. Sussman-who has sat on Argonne'sboard of governors since1979-will continue asgeneral counsel and vice­president of the University.The University managesArgonne, which has anannual budget of$500million, under contract tothe U. S. Department ofEnergy.Macroeconomist ThomasSargent isjoining the U ofC faculty. A senior fellow atthe Hoover Institutionsince 1987, Sargent be­comes the David Rockefel­ler Professor of Interna­tional Economics on July1. With Lars Peter Hansen,the Homer J. LivingstonProfessor in Economics,Sargent wrote RationalExpectations Economet­rics, published this year.The Pew Science Programin Undergraduate Educa­tion has awarded $1.7million to encouragecollaborations in scienceteaching and researchbetween the University andseven other Midwesternuniversities and colleges.The grant encouragespartnerships betweenlarger research institutionsand smaller collegesthrough collaborativeresearch projects, post­doctoral fellowship pro­gram, seminars, andworkshops.Third-year College studentMatthew Krause wasawarded a Harry S TrumanScholarship, given annual­ly to 75 students nationwidewho plan on careers ingovernment and publicservice. Krause, who ismajoring in East AsianLanguages & Civilizations,will receive $30,000, to beused toward his last year ofcollege and his graduatestudies.Career honors: The Gor­don J. Laing Award-givenfor the best book written,edited or translated by amember of the faculty andpublished in the last twoyears by the UniversityPress-was awarded inApril to Richard Klein,AM'64, PhD '66, professorin anthropology, for TheHuman Career (1989).The book chronicles theevolution of humans fromthe earliest primates. student told police his assailantsknocked him down and threatenedto kill him. The same victim, andtwo other graduate students inthe biological sciences division,had previously reported receivinganonymous harassment threatsin the forms of letters and phonecalls.In her statement, Gray describedthe harassment as "outrageous,cowardly behavior," and said "ourgay students have the same rights asevery other member of this commu­nity, and we support them as fullparticipants in the life of theUniversity. "In response to the same incident,Edward Cook, Dean of Students inthe University, also issued a memo­randum to be posted throughout theUniversity, stating that "we con­demn and shall not tolerate suchmalicious and harmful acts."Cook warned that "disciplinaryaction will be taken against the re­sponsible parties when they areapprehended." University rulesprohibit harassment of any student"based on his or her race, sex, sexu­al orientation, ethnic background,religion, expression of opinion, orany other factor irrelevant to partic­ipation in the free exchange ofideas .... " Past violations of thispolicy led to the academic suspen­sion of two students for incidentsthat occurred in 1987.On April 12, an hour-long rallycondemning the harassment was at­tended by an estimated 350 personsin front of the Administration Build­ing. Several petitions were also cir­culated on campus by studentgroups, condemning the threats andattack.Between April 15 and 17, the samethree gay men who had previouslybeen threatened received envelopesholding a white powder. One enve­lope also contained a letter referringto the April 12 rally and promisingthe harassment would continue. Be­cause the envelopes were sentthrough the U.S. mail, the U.S.Postal Inspectors Office entered theinvestigation. (Results of a labora­tory analysis of the white powder inthe envelopes determined that thesubstance was not toxic.)Chicago television and news me­dia covered a second rally heldApril 18 in front of the Administra­tion Building-the day after the12 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 University announced its posting ofa $3,000 reward for information.During the rally, student speakerscalled for more aggressive action onthe part of both the administrationand police. In response, Dean Cooktold the assembled students that theincidents were being handled as a"top priority" by both the Dean ofthe Students and, he was told, by theChicago police.President Gray, Dean Cook, andother administrators met frequentlywith individual students and groupsthroughout the investigation, al­though administrative representa­tives withdrew from an open meet­ing scheduled for April 29 whenstudents informed them that thenews media had been invited."The issue of harassment is of se­rious concern to all of us, " Cook ex­plained in a public statement, "andit needs to be discussed in an envi­ronment that avoids theater and pre­cludes posturing on all sides. We arecommitted to continuing substan­tive discussions with individualsand groups of students in circum­stances which allow a full and freeexchange of views."While investigations continue, se­curity has been intensified in Cum­mings and adjacent areas, with Uni­versity police offering specialescorts and other protective ser­vices to the victims and others whofeel threatened.Language study:the stakes are highLANGUAGE INSTRUCTION INthe University's College iscurrently in the midst of sev­eral growth spurts: increased en­rollment, new technology, and anemphasis on learning language as apractical-as opposed to a strictlyliterary-skill.Although Near Eastern Lan­guages experienced a 25 percent de­cline in undergraduate enrollmentbetween 1984 and 1989, the otherlanguage groups (Classics, Ro­mance, East Asian, Germanic,Slavic, and South Asian) have hadnoticeable enrollment increases­startling in the cases of both Eastand South Asian classes, whicheach rose 190 percent.In fact, burgeoning language en- rollment is a national trend.According to the National ForeignLanguage Center at Johns HopkinsUniversity, Spanish-still the mostpopular language-attracts 6.5 per­cent more students now than in1983, with German, Italian, andRussian posting similar gains. As atChicago, the big news nationally isJapanese, up 85.5 percent, and Chi­nese, gaining a 28.2 percent in­crease in enrollment.At least a part of the increase canbe traced to a return to languagegraduation requirements. Such re­quirements, present at almost 90percent of American universitiesand colleges in the mid-1960s,dropped to 53 percent in 1983. Butby 1986, they had moved up to 58percent, and are likely much highertoday, says Jonathan Wolff, a re­search associate at the Foreign Lan­guage Center.At Chicago, the College has neverbeen without a language require­ment, says Stephanie Kalfayan,PhD' 87, assistant to the Dean of theCollege. The difference, since1986, is that the requirement is nowuniform among all the collegiate di­visions. Previously, biology and thesocial and physical sciences hadthree-quarter requirements, whilehumanities had a six-quarter re­quirement. Now, for everyone, theminimum requirement is either fourquarters of French, German, Span­ish or Latin, or three quarters of anyother language offered.Language courses have alsogained popularity among Chicago'sgraduate and professional students.Says Philip Gossett, Dean of the Di­vision of Humanities, those stu­dents "descended almost en masse"into language courses this past fall-particularly French-creatingstudent complaints of overcrowdingand leading to the creation of severaladditional sections'ofFrench for thewinter and spring quarters.Interest in acquiring languageskills is particularly keen among theUniversity's business students, whofeel such knowledge will give thema competitive edge. Senior lecturerHiroyoshi N oto notes that of the 73first-year Japanese students thispast fall, 22 were graduate or pro­fessional students and 30 statedtheir area of study was either eco­nomics, business, or politicalscience."Some students think that study­ing Japanese for a year will bringlots of money in the future, butthey're totally wrong," says Noto."On the first day of class, I tell themonce they finish their first year, theywon't die of starvation in Japan­they can survive-but that one yearwill not help them find a good job. "In fact, says Noto, Japanese is rat­ed by the U. S. State Department'sForeign Service Institute as one ofthe most difficult languages forAmericans to learn, taking three tofour times longer to master than,say, a Romance language. The sameis true of Arabic, Chinese, andKorean. "True proficiency," saysNoto, "can take years."That's a fact too often ignored bythe U.S. education system, saysJohn Caemmerer, a research .asso­ciate at Hopkins' Foreign LanguageCenter, who thinks the majority ofU.S. students receive only superfi­cial exposure to a foreign language,far short of "proficiency."Caemmerer cites EducationalTesting Ratings in Russian as an ex­ample, where ability is rated on ascale of 0-5. "After four years ofcollege Russian, only half the peo­ple who took the tests are readingRussian at a level of 2 or above."Level 2 indicates only minimal pro­fessional competence-most gov­ernment jobs require a competencelevel of at least 3."The problem is not that we areteaching poorly," Caemmerer be­lieves, "it's that not enough totalhours are required of students inmastering a language." Unless youstudy the language overseas, hesays, "chances are you will not haveenough mastery to do somethingwith the skill. "In fact, many U of C students aregoing overseas. Lewis Fortner, di­rector of foreign studies in the Col­lege, says that 60 undergraduateshave studied abroad this past year in19 Chicago-sponsored foreign stu­dies programs. Improving languageskills "is considered an absolutelyvital by-product of these pro­grams, " says Fortner.Speaking a language is part of thenew, more "practical" definition offluency, says Carolyn Killean, asso­ciate professor in Arabic and direc­tor of the University's LanguageFaculty Resource Center. No long­er is it sufficient to look at language Maclean House: A newundergraduate residencehall will be named for thelate Norman Maclean,PhD'40, English professorand author of A RiverRuns Through It. Housingofficials say MacleanHouse-structured muchlike Breckinridge, withabout 100 single rooms­should solve the under­graduate housing crunchof recent years. Renova­tions of the former retire­ment home at 54th andIngleside should be com­plete by the fall quarter.Speak right: Associate professor Karen Landahl, director of the student language lab, checks astudent's "voiceprint" against the ideal pronunciation of a word.instruction merely as preparationfor literature classes: "The expecta­tion now is that we turn out peoplewho can actually walk into thecountry which they've studied andbe able to say something. "It is towards this goal of oral profi­ciency that recent technological ad­vances-computers and video, inparticular-have proved most ad­vantageous. For example, the Fac­ulty Resource Center's staff in CobbHall regularly tapes a 24-hour satel­lite broadcast of worldwide newsprograms, which instructors replayin class. Hearing the language spo­ken by a native, within the culturalcontext of the area where that lan­guage is spoken, says Killean, givesstudents a perspective that would beotherwise difficult to obtain withinthe confines of a Midwestern Amer­ican classroom.Created in 1985, the LanguageFaculty Resource Center hashelped introduce a faculty once ori­ented strictly towards the chalk­and-blackboard approach to the ad­vantages of laser-disk players,multi-standard VCRs, and flat-bedgraphics scanners. It's caught on:from videotaping student conversa­tions for instant playback, to the useof a machine that matches a stu- dent's "voiceprint" against the idealpronunciation of a foreign word orphrase.Hopkins research associate JohnCaemmerer is skeptical about thiscurrent technological boom. "Yousee learning resource labs crammedwith millions of dollars of computerhardware, often purchased withoutanyone in the department reallyknowing how to use it." What youend up having "is massive amountsof hardware, and not a lot of sophis­ticated software out there to use thehardware with."Carolyn Killean agrees, saying asolution is to encourage the best lan­guage instructors to help developsuch materials. That encourage­ment is difficult, however, whencreating such materials "isn't con­sidered a serious intellectual exer­cise" in the academic community.There are signs that the tide isturning: the Pew Charitable Trustsgave a $450,000 grant for expan­sion of the Faculty Resource Centerthis spring, and last winter a $2 mil­lion grant was given to the U niversi­ty and seven other U.S. and Canadi­an colleges to create and developtheir own multimedia lessons withvideo and computer technology.In the language resource center, Rice thrice: In April,Stuart Rice was appointedto a third five-year term asdean of Physical Sciences.During his tenure, thedivision'sfaculty havetackled such large projectsas the construction oftelescopes in New Mexicoand Antarctica, and estab­lished centers to studysuperconductors and theeffects of clouds on cli­mate. A Quantrell winnerand a member of theNational Academy ofSciences, Rice joined thefaculty in 1957.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 13Two distinguished serviceprofessorships were an­nounced in May by Presi­dent Gray. David Curriewas named the Edward H.Levi Distinguished ServiceProfessor in the LawSchool, and ThomasKrizek was named theMaurice Goldblatt Distin­guished Service Professorin Surgery.Bernard Roizman is one ofthe first researchers toreceive an unrestricted,$500,000 grant from theBristol-Myers SquibbCompany under a newprogram to support re­search in infectious dis­eases. A pioneer in herpesresearch, Roizman hascreated what appears to bethe first safe "live" herpesvaccine, now in Phase Ihuman trials. Roizman isthe Joseph RegensteinDistinguished ServiceProfessor in MolecularGenetics & Cell Biology.A new awards program forgraduate students has beenestablished in honor ofWayne Booth, AM'47,PhD'50, who is retiringthis year as the George M.Pullman DistinguishedService Professor in En­glish. The Wayne C. BoothGraduate Student Prizesfor Excellence in Teachingwill be presented to gradu­ate students who makeoutstanding contributionsin the College. Up to fourawards will be made annu­ally, with each of thewinners receiving a cashaward of$2,000.Ten graduating Collegestudents and 10 first-yeargraduate students havereceived National ScienceFoundation graduatefellowships. The merit­basedfellowships providean annual stipend of$14,000 for three years offull-time graduate studies.At least 17 more NSFFellows-seniors at othercolleges and universities­are expected to enroll in theUniversity as graduatestudents this fall.14 "morale has shot way up thesedays," says Killean. "People nowtalk with a sense of pride about whatthey do."Greeks survivele'RseyearATONE POINT LAST FALL,student leaders of Chicago'sten fraternities and two so­rorities thought they might be"banned out of existence." But byspring, Matt Berzok, second-yearstudent and president of the In­terfraternity Council (IFC) , wassaying, "Our relationship with theU ni versity has never been better."Changes in the University's rela­tionship with campus sororities andfraternities were sparked by inci­dents this past fall, when underageCollege students were served alco­hol at a fraternity party. EdwardCook, Dean of Students, describedthe incident "as the straw that brokethe camel's back.""Several of the fraternities hadbeen having a series of very largeand-we think-open parties forwhich they posted signs in the resi­dence halls and invited large num­bers of students," says Cook. "Itseemed apparent that such parties were going to be beyond the abilityof the members of the particular fra­ternity to really control. That quiteclearly was the case of one particu­lar party ... [which] persuaded us totake some action."In late November, student leadersof the fraternity in question, as wellas that fraternity's board of trustees ,signed an agreement with the Deanof Students Office banning the fra­ternity from holding parties whereliquor is served for the remainingacademic year. Other fraternitiesand sororities who joined a newly­formed Greek Council also agreedon a uniform set of rules for parties,including carding procedures toavoid serving alcohol to minors.Berzok said the situation couldhave been "much worse," giventhat 25 universities have recentlyshut down their Greek systems in re­sponse to similar problems."The fact is," continues Berzok,"if a student gets drunk at a fraterni­ty party and is injured or killed, thedean of students is the last personthat the fraternity has to fear. Itspresident can wind up in jail. Theentire national system affiliatedwith that fraternity can be sued outof existence. So it's not a terriblething if the U ni versity puts pressureon us to card and not to serve mi­nors. Because it's only saving us." Still, Berzok says the incidenttypified a "negative pattern" of in­teractions between the Universityand the Greek system. "We werebasically ignored by the University.They told us, we really don't wantanything to do with you. And thenan incident like the one last fallwould crop up, and suddenly theyfelt they could turn around and pun­ish us. It seemed less than fair."Dean Cook defends the Universi­ty's right to intercede in situations"where there is a broader concernfor the safety of our students." Afterall, says Cook, a "fairly signifi­cant" number of undergraduates­about 13 percent-are enrolled infraternities or sororities. Still, heconcedes, the relationship betweenthe University and fraternities "hasbeen very unclear. "The creation of a Greek Councilthis winter quarter has helped great­ly to clarify that relationship, saysCook. By joining the new council,individual fraternities and sorori­ties are given recognition from theUniversity as a special type of stu­dent organization.Individual houses can choose notto join the Greek Council, Cookstresses, although so far only onehas opted out. Joe Manning,AM' 85-doctoral student in Egyp­tology and Greek liaison for Cook'soffice-admits the ramifications ofnot being a member of the Council"are not that great now, but we'retrying to build a system that carries avery decisive advantage to be partof it."Manning expects that the job of re­habilitating fraternities at Chicagomay take "at least a couple ofyears.""The Chicago fraternities havebecome known as a place to drink, "says Manning. "I know that frommy experience as a resident head atBroadview .... Fraternities thoughtthey were serving a need, as a placefor people to party. They thoughtthat's what fraternities were about.And that's not what they're about.""It was obvious that there was aneed for guidance here," says Ber­zok. "Seeing that there hasn't beena strong Greek tradition here forsome time, none of us really knewhow to go about changing ourcourse, and no one in the adminis­tration really knew how. There wasa real need for someone to come onand advise both parties how theyshould act." Berzok says that JoeManning serves that purpose."To be Greek," says Manning, "ispotentially very important." It wasto Manning, a graduate of a smallCatholic high school who was"very shy and not very involved insocial activities" until he joined afraternity at Ohio State University.Four years later he was named theuniversity's outstanding senior fra­ternity president.Manning believes that Chicagofraternities can and should fit har­moniously into the University'sgoal of recruiting and developing"more well-rounded, socially­skilled" students in the College."The events of the last year repre­sent quite a change in the Universi­ty's attitude towards fraternities.Dean Cook has decided that theGreek system does exist here, and-Voices from the QuadsOne of the important things thatyoung people have to learn ispatience. I know patience is a badword among blacks, but patiencehas its virtues. I don't mean patiencein the old sense where patiencemeans no activity. I like to think ofactive patience, where you are do­ing everything you know how to doto win a point, but you don't self­destruct while you're waiting. Youdon't cuss out everybody and leave.You hang in there and win.-JohnJohnson, X'42, publisher of Ebonyand Jet, speaking as a MarjorieKovler Visiting Fellow.In its origins, federalism wasdesigned to promote self­government by dispersing politicalpower, but this idea presupposedthe decentralized economy prevail­ing at the time. As national marketsand large-scale enterprise grew,the political forms of the early re­public became inadequate to self­government. And so, since the turnof the century, the concentration ofpolitical power and the growth ofthe national state and of the federalbureaucracy has been a response tothe concentration of economic pow­er-an attempt to preserve demo­cratic control. So decentralizinggovernment without decentralizingthe economy, as Ronald Reagan what's more-it can be a positivepart of the College, not only for thestudents involved but throughoutthe campus."Cook agrees with Manning, butemphasizes that fraternities are­and should remain-only one outletfor creating a positive socialenvironment."This, after all, is a campus wherewe have a very vital and active hous­ing system," says Cook. ''And a lotgoes on in the literally hundreds ofrecognized student activities thatare affiliated through the StudentActivities Office." While Cookdoesn't see the fraternities as grow­ing dramatically in importance, headds, "there are some students forwhich these can be valuable organi­zations, and the University shoulddo what it can to make that as posi­tive and enriching an experience aspossible for those students."proposed, is only half of federal­ism. And from the standpoint ofself-government, half of federalismis worse than none, because leavinglocal communities to the mercy ofcorporate decisions made in distantplaces doesn't empower them. Ifanything, it diminishes their abilityto shape their destiny. =MichaelSandel, professor of government atHarvard University, on "What AilsAmerican Democracy?, "presentedby the John M. Olin Center.I align myself with those who seethe next generation or two as fac­ing a daunting array of man-madeproblems, which at the least involvesome very painful adjustments andat the worst may result in a profoundinstability in human relations, withwidespread disaster and suf­fering .... The absolute first priorityis to reduce population size dramat­ically, by a formula which pre­serves, as humankind's most pre­cious asset, all of the diversity of thepresent gene pool. This requires thesame mean family size-a goal ofno more than two children per fami­ly-for all the families of the Earthfor the foreseeable future.The next challenge is to begin todevelop the world milieu most fa­vorable to the realization of the ge­netic potentialities of the indivi- Matt Berzok acknowledges thatthe events of the past year havecaused concern and confusionamong Chicago alumni loyal totheir fraternity or sorority house."The fact is, this concern over lia­bility and risk management has to­tally changed the complexion ofGreek life."Yet, if some of the outlandishpranks so fondly recalled by Greekalumni have been replaced by con­cerns of liability and risk manage­ment, Matt Berzok believes there'sno reason why the more positive as­pects of fraternity and sorority lifecan't thrive at Chicago."The brotherhood is still here,which is why Greek life was startedin the first place, " Berzok says, "tocreate a bond between you and agroup of friends."Compiled by Tim Obermillerdual .... For much of the world forthe next several decades, thesegrandiose words translate into en­suring, above all, an adequate diet.But for the U. S. and some other eco­nomically more fortunate nations,the issue is returning to a diet andlifesty le more consistent with thatfor which evolution has preparedUlS ••••The implementation of these andother necessary programs will re­quire a commitment and a measureof self-discipline previously re­served for military emergencies,but in fact this is the equivalent ofsuch an emergency on a worldwidescale.-James Neel, human popu­lation geneticist and professor of in­ternal medicine at the University ofMichigan, speaking as the Georgeand Marie Andros lecturer.The real secret of the College,when it was doing well, wasthat it had a revolution every fiveyears .... Those by whom theknowledge increased and life wascultivated knew that every so oftenthe phoenix had to get up off its ashand start flying again. -Stuart M.Tave, William Rainey Harper Pro­fessor in the College and in the De-partment of English Language andLiterature, speaking as the Univer­sity's 1991 Ryerson lecturer. Deconstruction work:Hundreds flocked to MaxPalevksy Cinema in lateApril for a series of lecturesby French philosopherJacques Derrida, thisyear's Frederic Ives Car­penter Visiting Professor inEnglish. Derrida gave fourlectures on the theme of therelationship between thebusiness of exchange andthe problem of temporality.One title: "CounterfeitMoney I: Poetics of Tobac­co (Baudelaire, Painter ofModem Life)."Cook County public de­fender Randolph Stone willjoin the Law School facultyin July, where he will alsodirect the Mandel LegalAid Clinic. The appoint­ment of Stone, a graduateof the University of Wis­consin Law School, wasapplauded by law students,some of whom boycottedclasses April 11 to protestthe lack of minorities onthe 30-member faculty.Stone, who is black, haslectured on legal ethics atthe school. Although theLaw School has had minor­ity visiting professors andlecturers, it has had noblacks as full-time profes­sors since the 1950s.Sloanfellows: Assistantprofessors Gui-Qiang Chenand In-Koo Cho are among89 young scholars receiv­ing Sloan Research fellow­ships. They will eachreceive $30,000 for twoyears of research in theirrespective fields of mathand economics.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 15Steam plant employeeJames Tamer (right)adjusts pressure in thepump room.If the Universitycommunity is barelyaware of the effortsmade to keep thecampus running, itonly means that thephysical plant staffis doing its job. ill Caddick, director ofthe University's physicalplant, apologizes for analmost constant stream ofinterruptions. Then hepicks up the phone again.People bolt into his officeon the third floor of the Young MemorialBuilding, exchange jargon-laden concernsabout this or that piece of equipment, andleave just as quickly as they entered.Caddick is unfazed. On the average, hisoffice receives from 100 to 125 calls a day.Calls you wouldn't want to get. Leaky pipes,blown fuses. It's too hot. It's too cold. Dosomething."E is for everything, " a poster on Caddick'swall proclaims. "If you don't hear from me bythe 9th hit me over the head!" he tells a col­league on the phone-physical humor thatseems fitting for a physical plant."We're a service-oriented organization. Weservice the University of Chicago," Caddickexplains. "I often refer to us as the Marines ofthe University, out there in the trenches. Wedo whatever it takes."In 1987, the physical plant (loosely de­fined as all of the univer.sity facilitiesand grounds, including buildings,equipment, and utilities distribution, systems) was merged with the Officeof Physical Planning and Construction (in­cluding the University architect's and plan­ner's offices) to create a new office of Facili-BehindIheGolhicFacadeBy Tim ObermillerPhotography by Robert Drea16 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 ties Planning and Management (FP&M),headed by Lynn Bender, MBA'82."Because much of what the two sections donaturally overlaps, it seemed natural to com­bine them into one office, " comments MaryAnton, AB'70, MBA' 79 , associate director ofFP&M, in charge of the operation's budget,accounting, and personnel."Since the merger, we now have monthly staff meetings, plus ad hoc meetings as need­ed for specific projects. Those meetings arewhere the plant people can let the architectur­al people know about potential mechanicaland electrical problems they should be awareof in planning the renovation of an older build­ing," says Anton. "I think the end result hasbeen more efficiency and less confusion asthese projects crop up. "Greater efficiency is important, given themassive monies devoted to maintaining thephysical U of C. The book value of those prop­erties that make up the University'S physicalplant is currently $501 million, while theactual replacement value-as determined forinsurance purposes-is approximately $1.1billion. There are 151 buildings on campus,and the University owns another 90 buildingsin the immediate Hyde Park-Kenwood area,for a grand total of7, 224,000 net square feet ofspace.Not all of that property is taken care of byFacilities Planning and Management, how­ever. In 1988, approximately $3 million of thephysical plant budget-money set aside ex­clusively for operating the medical complex-was, in effect, transferred to the UniversityHospitals, Anton explains. At the same time,all of the University physical plant employeeswho worked in the Hospitals were officiallytransferred to the Hospitals payroll. One rea­son for the split was, again, a matter of greaterefficiency: "The Hospitals are very differentin their style and standards of maintenancethan the rest of the University plant, so its sep­aration was logical," says Anton.The split wasn't total, however: the Univer­sity continues to provide electricity and heatto the medical center, and the design and man­agement of renovations for the biological sci­ences division are routinely performed byFP&M.While the Facilities Planning and Manage-,ment Office doesn't have responsibility forthe University'S Hospitals, Real Estate Opera­tions, or the Residence Halls and Commons,everything else falls under the FP &M banner.That includes the Laboratory Schools, thecampus bus system, most of the campus park­ing lots-even Yerkes Observatory in Wil­liams Bay, Wisconsin.According to Anton, FP&M's gross operat­ing budget for 1990-91-excluding the pur­chase of outside utilities-is roughly $15.1million. Of that amount, the single biggest ex­penditure is labor: $7.6 million in salaries andbenefits for 165 employees, including fourmanagers; 19 supervisors; 17 professional ortechnical support staff; and 113 union (AFL­CIO) engineers, tradespersons, and electri­cians. (The employee count excludes 94 full­time custodians hired through an outsideservice company. )Separate from this budget is the annual billfor the purchase of outside utilities: $10.8million for electricity and $4.2 million forgas, making the University among the top tenutilities consumers in the city of Chicago. Notsurprisingly, Bill Caddick says a top priorityof the physical plant has been to save energycosts through aggressive conservation efforts,implemented by mechanical superintendentMike Gramhofer and his staff of 45 buildingengineers. Indeed, expenditures for utilitieshave been cut by 5 percent in real terms since1980, despite a substantial expansion in facil­ities during the same era.For example, a 1988 switch from PeoplesGas to purchasing natural gas directly from aprivate broker has saved" about a million dol­lars" annually, says Mary Anton. Other majorsavings have been obtained through the pur­chase of a computerized energy monitoringand control system.First used in 1979 for Regenstein Libraryand Bartlett Gym and since expanded to serve35 of the largest energy-consuming buildingson campus, the computer automatically con­trols mechanical systems such as ventilationfans, dampers, and pumps. The system is op­erated from the basement of Regenstein byThomas Zaucha, AB'89, and Telmer Peter­son (who was the electronics engineer forEnrico Fermi's cyclotron project in the1940s), and, says Zaucha, "monitors outsideair conditions and automatically adjusts sys­tems to maintain energy-efficient comfort lev­els within the buildings."BOW far the University's physi­cal plant has come may bebest illustrated by the evolu­tion of its steam plant. A fewdecades ago it was, in thewords of one worker, "a soot -covered mess."Today, the plant, providing high-pressuresteam to almost every campus building, is apolished, orderly place. Longtime employeeswho once shoveled coal to feed the constantlyravenous boilers are now stationed inside acomfortable control room, commanding theplant's intricate workings with swift strokeson a computer keyboard.Originally built for coal burning back in1929, the plant was placed away from themain campus, at 61 st and Blackstone, to be asnear as possible to the Illinois Central tracks,where coal was delivered by railroad cars.Steam supervisor Harry Hansen, a 33-yearveteran, recalls some of the agonies asso­ciated with coal."The worst, I think, was when the coal frozeup in the railroad cars," says Hansen. "Thecoal had been rained on, then subjected tozero temperatures-we couldn't get it out. Wecalled out to everybody, all the Universitygroundsmen and truckers, to come over andhelp-anyone who could put a pick in his18 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 hands. None of them would come near thisplant after that!"In the early 1970s, the plant's four boilerswere converted from coal to gas and nowproduce about a billion pounds of steam ayear, says superintendent Gary Palmer, whodescribes the operation as "a small utilitycompany." About two-thirds of the costs torun and maintain the plant are billed to its"customers" -the various University divi­sions and departments-based on theirmonthly energy usage, as calculated by thecampus metering system. According to MaryAnton, the Hospitals and the biological sci­ences division are consistently the plant's largest customers, using nearly half of the en­ergy generated on campus.The plant's boilers turn heated water into su­perheated (450 degrees Fahrenheit) steam,which is sent out in pipes through a mile-and­a-quarter-long underground tunnel to thecampus. Ideally, after the steam is used, it willbe returned from those buildings in the formof condensate, to be pumped back through theboilers into superheated steam once again.However, in the late 1980s, Harry Hansen'speriodic inspections of the campus buildingsrevealed that at several locations-because ofleaky pipes or faulty pumps-the steam wasbeing wasted, not returned. Those leaks wereThe campus groundscrew maintains 45acres of grass (far left).With new computers(above), steam plantengineers can mix theperfect combustion.Regular repair of pipes(left) saves millions ofgallons of condensateeach year.stopped, while leaky seals in the plant itselfwere identified and replaced. The result: con­densate return went up from 55 percent to 83percent, saving not only millions of gallons ofwater each year, but also the chemicals usedto soften the water before it is sent to the boil­ers and the additional therms of gas needed toreheat the condensate. The recycled steam isalso used to run turbines that drive the plant'sfans and pumps, saving electricity.Adding to the plant'S efficiency, tubing in­side two of the 20-foot-high boilers that hadbeen "leaking and plugging up" was recentlyreplaced at a total cost of $700,000, says An­ton, "essentially making them new boilers." In contrast to the days of coal-where all fourboilers ran at once-the plant now normallyruns only one boiler, or two on the very cold­est days, with the others on standby. Duringpeak demand on winter days, the plant gener­ates as much as 280,000 pounds of steam anhour. On a moderate spring day, the demandcan be as low as 40,000.The steam plant's transformation will becomplete by next year, when all four boilerswill be run by a newly installed computer sys­tem. From a control room on the main floor,engineers will be able to monitor the boilers'gas and air flows with increased accuracy."Instead of an engineer making the calcula- tions himself, the computer is doing it forhim," says Palmer. Plant supervisor LeeMullins says the engineers are welcoming thechange, because of the assurance it provides."Before, with the hands-on approach, he'dhave to make sure he had the right mixture ofgas and air. There's a real danger of explo­sions if that's not done correctly. The comput­er won't allow you to make that kind of error;it's just not possible."The precision of the computer's calculationswill mean that something close to "ideal com­bustion" can be obtained, says Palmer, allow­ing greater fuel efficiency. He flips open asmall window to look inside boiler numberone, where a 1,500-degree blaze is alreadybeing computer-operated in a trial run."I've never seen a nicer flame than it hasnow," says Palmer, nodding with satisfaction.Besides dealing with such forcesof nature as summer droughtsand winter blizzards, the Uni­versity grounds crew mustadapt to human nature, includ­ing the irresistible temptation that possessesstudents to find the shortest distance betweentwo points. Thus, instead of traversing thegentle curves of aesthetically positioned side­walks, students take shortcuts across thegrass, creating what Joe Beezhold calls"cowpaths. ""We try to strategically plant vegetation­some low branching, thorny thing-to deterthem, but often as not they walk around it,"says Beezhold, supervisor of the ll-personcrew that manages the University'S 90 acresof grounds."That doesn't seem like such a big areato cover," Beezhold comments, "but it's aconsiderable amount given all of the responsi­bilities we have to deal with": all "exteriorvegetation" (grass, trees, flowers); Univer­sity-owned walkways, parking lots, and drive­ways; drainage and irrigation systems; athlet­ic fields; and the twice-daily collection oftrash from outside receptacles.Like nervous hosts, Beezhold's crew espe­cially fusses over the main quadrangles, thescience quads, and the library. "We wantthose areas to look especially trim, clean, andgreen. It's important for us to keep in mindthat the first thing visitors see when they comeis the grounds, and a lot of the decisionsthey'll make about the University will bebased on what they observe on the outside."For example, Beezhold's crew makes spe­cial efforts around building entrances, "espe­cially ones that are framed with trees andshrubbery. ... if a faculty or staff memberwalks into that building, that may be the lastthing they see for eight hours. So we try tokeep those entrances as well maintained aswe can."UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 19The duties of Beezhold 's crew vary dramati­cally with the seasons. In the winter, they areresponsible for clearing snow from Universi­ty parking lots and driveways as well as from15 miles of sidewalks. "We'll come in at threea.m. if we've had more than three inches ofsnow," he says. "Unless it's really, really badand keeps snowing, everything's pretty clearby eight a.m."Come spring, the same tractors used for snowremoval are re-equipped for mowing 45 acresof grass. "Depending on the amount of rain,we'll mow once or twice a week," saysBeezhold, to keep the grass length at abouttwo-and-a-quarter inches. It's important not tolet the grass grow much longer, he stresses,since the mowed grass is left to decompose nat­urally on the grounds, and too much dead grasscan smother the live blades underneath.By mid-April, the crew is readying thesprinkler system, a complicated network oftimers, clocks, and pumps that run approxi­mately 25,000 individual sprinkler heads.From mid-spring through mid-autumn, mostof the campus's grassy spots are watered threetimes a week for thirty-minute periods, al­though that amount is often increased duringdryer summer months.Since an official audit has never been con­ducted, Beezhold can only estimate that thereare "thousands" of trees on campus. Most are"hardy Midwestern varieties," he says. "Weavoid more exotic trees, " hard to keep alive inthe pollution that's part of an urban setting."Just like everywhere else in the city, thereare lots of elm trees, so we do have a Dutch­elm disease problem, but we've been treatingthem for the last 10 years, and where we usedto lose maybe ten or 12 a year, we're down toone or two." Sometimes even the best effortsfail, Beezhold admits. "We lost a beautiful,enormous elm in back of Kent last year" to thedisease. "It went from a healthy tree to prettymuch a dead tree in a few weeks."Tree trimming is a major winter chore. "Wetry to trim for shape or any dead branch wesee," says Beezhold. "You really have to keepup with it, or the trees will die, they'll die fromthe inside." And, of course, there's leaf re­moval in the fall. Because city landfills nolonger take leaves, they are dumped at a newcompost site on the south side of campus, forlater use as flower-bed fertilizer."Our major emphasis is on preventativemaintenance," says Beezhold- for example,the crew periodically seeds sparser, well­worn areas oflawn that might otherwise even­tually require resodding."The fact is, a young tree three inches in di­ameter costs $350 just to put into the ground­multiply that by thousands. Or imagine thecost of completely resodding 45 acres," saysBeezhold. "We're really talking more thantrees and grass-we're protecting an asset."20 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 Every now and then, Jim Garcia's'staff of renovation designers andmanagers will have a wallknocked down and find somelarge pipes that weren't sup-posed to be there."Or you'll take a wall down expecting to findpipes, and none are there, " says Garcia. "Theproblem is that the architectural drawings forthese old buildings aren't very detailed. Soyou try to anticipate these little surprises andwork around them. It's part of the wisdom ofexperience, I guess. "It's the wisdom of knowing the inner quirksof 151 different campus buildings that makesFP&M's buildings renovations and repairstaffs so valuable, says Bill Caddick."You can't buy that kind of experience-itcomes with time," says Caddick. "That's whyDetails, details:Dave PeDrOse(right) works in thecarpentry shop.Locksmiths (below)have keys to120,000 ca.pusdoors. BruceEdwards repairsthe Pick Ball roof(far right). we have inside people, who know the territo­ry, who can respond quickly to the problemsassociated with individual buildings, and whocan coordinate their work easily with otherdepartments. I don't know what it would belike to have all this done exclusively by outsidecontractors, but I'd imagine it would be some­thing like chaos."The University is unique," Caddick con­tinues. "We have hand-carved moldings,milled when the University was built. Whenthose become nicked, worn, or damaged, ourcarpenters have the task of trying to matchthem exactly. When people come into IdaNoyes and comment how the place hasn'tchanged, that means we're doing our job. Ifwe left it alone, you'd notice the change."That type of craftsmanship we learnedfrom the old-timers. We were very fortunateto learn from people with 30 or 40 years ofservice, 'many of whom may have learnedfrom the people who had a hand in the originalbuilding construction," Caddick says."The key shop is an excellent example of thescale of the work we do here," says LarryTinsman, superintendent of building repairand the person in charge of the campus car­pentry, key, painting, and roofing shops.Tinsman estimates there are between 120,000and 150,000 door locks on campus-not in­cluding those on cabinets and filing cabinets-which the University's three locksmithsmust keep track of."The key department has a very high-levelsecurity system," explains Tom Krajl, whosupervises the shop. "We have a program nowwhere we're switching all of the locks on cam­pus so that keys can only be duplicated in our shop, in order to enhance the building securi­ty." The shop is also setting up a new comput­erized system that, when finished, "will storethe memory of every door on campus, tellingwhat kind of door, what type oflock, and whoin the building has authorization to use it. "In addition to installing new locks, the keydepartment also replaces window locks andwindow control devices on older buildings­devices that have essentially become obso­lete. "We can't buy them anymore, we have tofabricate them ourselves in our central shop, "Tinsman says."You're always adapting," he adds. "No twodays are alike here. I suppose that's one of thereasons people stay here."And people do stay, according to Tinsman."We do not have a big turnover of people in theplant department." It isn't that the environ- ment doesn't have the same pressures thatother places do, says Tinsman. "It just seemsto be that you feel comfortable and you feel acertain pride in what you're doing here andthat this is the University of Chicago, and Ithink sometimes that outweighs even themonetary benefits that might be reaped some­place else. "And if many of the University's students, ad­ministrators' and faculty hardly know thatthis army of engineers, architects, and trades­people exist, Tinsman says the troops can takea certain amount of quiet satisfaction in imag­ining what the place would be like if theyweren't around."I suppose they could get by without us,"Tinsman muses. "Like Socrates did, teachingout there on the grass. Except it gets awfullycold out there sometimes."Building sandpiles, catchinga few rays, gOingfishing:for a trio of University researchers,the stuff of great vacationsis a year-round pursuit.The one shehis summer, the sign on thedoor to Barbara Block'sAnatomy Building lab willonce again read, "GoneFishing." What she and hercolleagues hope to catch is aset of answers to a very large question."How do animals stay warm?" is the ques­tion that has fascinated Block, an assistantprofessor of organismal biology and anatomy,BY STEVEN 1. BENOWITZ and MARY RUTH YOEPHOTOGRAPHY BY DAWDJOEL22 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991von't let get awaysince her days as a research assistant at WoodsHole Oceanographic Institute. She tackledthe same question as a doctoral student atDuke University. Today, her research is sup­ported in part by a Presidential Young Investi­gator Award from the National Science Foun­dation-and includes "fishing trips" formarlin off the coast of Hawaii.Marlin, Block explains, are able to keeptheir eyes and brains warm while the rest of their body fluctuates with the temperature ofsurrounding waters. It's an example of region­al endothermy, and it's unusual: most animalswho are endotherms (i.e., warm-blooded)spend large amounts of energy to heat theirentire bodies. But marlin-along with otherbillfish, such as swordfish and sailfish­generate heat through a unique organ.The "heater organ," as Block dubbed it, iscomposed of specially modified eye muscle cells. Such specialized heat-producing tis­sues are rare in the animal kingdom: alongwith mammalian brown fat (what keeps hi­bernating bears cozy), the heater organ is theonly animal tissue known to have heat produc­tion as its main function.Normally, muscle cells, when excited by anerve signal, produce force. For a muscle totwitch, the nerve's electric signal must betransmitted into a "calcium release event"UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 23which in turn fuels movement. The transmis­sion process is known as excitation­contraction coupling, and Block is one of theresearchers who have isolated the key pro­teins involved in bridging the nerve-musclegap.In the heater organ, however, the nerve sig­nal causes the muscle to produce not move­ment, but heat. Located just behind the eyesand pushed up close to the floor of the brain,the organ is perfectly placed to warm the mar­lin's head. (Keeping the warmth in requires amodified circulatory system, including a spe­cial blood vessel, behind the retina, where thehot blood collects.)"For a muscle to contract," Block explains,"it must release calcium from its internalstores." The molecular mechanism of thiscalcium release "is poorly understood yet isbasic to our understanding of both normal anddiseased muscle. "A striking parallel to the heater organ occursin a rare disorder called malignant hyperther­mia. Surgical patients with this genetic disor­der react to muscle-relaxing anesthesias byrapidly generating heat. Like the heater or­gan, the disorder is produced by a slight modi­fication in the mechanism through which thenerve signals the muscle, but in this case, itcan be fatal.Both heater organ and malignant hyperther­mia, says Block, can provide clues to the larg­er puzzle: how any warm-blooded animalkeeps warm" without resorting to shivering toproduce heat." By studying how the signal torelease calcium gets transmitted in the heaterorgan, she hopes to find out, at the molecularlevel, how warm-blooded animals in generalstay warm.Which brings Block back, to the marlin.What's the advantage, she asks, of having awarm brain and warm eyes? "These fish areactive hunters who rely on keen vision. Be­cause vision is temperature-sensitive, warm­ing the retina may make it easier" for bothsurface-feeding marlin and deep-divingswordfish to see their prey. And, because24 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 quick changes in temperature affect the cen­tral nervous system-which means that mostfish must stay in homogeneous waters-awarm brain may help its owner swim over awide range of oceanic climates without losingcoordination or vision.For several months each year, Block and herstudents head for the sea, to collect the tissuesamples needed in the lab. In 1989, workingwith Frank Carey of the Woods Hole Oceano­graphic Institute, Block also began to studythe fish in their element, tagging them withtracking devices and following them in theopen ocean. The team spent two months offthe coast of Kona in a refitted fishing boat(much cheaper to rent, she notes, than anoceanographic vessel).Relatively speaking, catching a fish and get­ting it tagged-with computer backpacks ofsonic transmitters attached to the fish's headand body musculature-are the easy parts.Next comes the tracking, listening for thefaint" ping" of the signals that provide data onthe fish's direction, depth, speed, and muscleand brain temperatures, as well as the temper­ature of the surrounding waters. On the 1989trip, Block's crew tracked each fish for threeto five days in the often choppy coastal waters,Together, her six subjects yielded 500 hoursof data.Block and her students analyze that data tosee how the fishes' unique adaptation has af­fected their biological fitness. Can a specieswith a large heater organ forage for food over awider temperature range? Does endothermyprovide increased muscular performance- inother words, does a fish swim faster when itsbody temperature is warmer?Her research at sea also has a conservationfocus: "We know very little about these fish­es," Block says, "and they are rapidly beingdepleted from the world's ocean. Telemetrydata provide useful information about theirhabits." For example, her data show that theblue marlin, unlike the swordfish, spendsmost of its time feeding in warmer surface wa­ters. Because tuna fishermen's gill nets arespread "at the top of the water column," shesays, "they are indirectly targeting this spe­cies." International conservation organiza­tions protesting the use of gill nets now citeBlock's work to support their stand.Last summer, Block worked with Italian sci­entists in the Gulf of Taranto, collecting tissuefor Mediterranean swordfish. Those tissuesamples are part of a larger project to "finger­print" genetically the populations of sword­fish found through the world's ocean basins,work that will help to determine whether deci­sions of ocean management should be madeon a regional or international basis.This summer, however, Block will again befound off the coast of Kona, fishing for infor­mation.-M.R. Y.No day atthe beachand, notes, Sidney Nagel, "isplentiful, cheap, and misun­derstood." Nagel shouldknow: he's a condensed-matterphysicist whom, for the pastthree years, the National Sci­ence Foundation has paid to play with sand."Most of us know sand-we played in it inchildhood," Nagel continues. "We enjoyedplaying in it because it behaved so differentlyfrom other materials." Yet sand is "a rich sys­tem whose properties we don't understand­certainly not the way we understand liquids,solids, and gases."In fact, sand-like every other granular ma­terial-alternately behaves like all three.Dumped onto a table, a bucket of sand settlesinto a cone-shaped mound, which, like a sol­id, retains its shape. Adding extra sand trig­gers tiny avalanches, making the grains flowdownhill like a fluid. But on closer inspec­tion, the bouncing grains resemble collidingparticles in a gas.Since 1987, Nagel has been creating sand av­alanches. He rolls drums of sand (and largergrains, like rice and mustard seed) over table­tops. He watches the piles as they ebb andflow, then gauges their slopes and rates ofdescent.He got hooked on sand's physics after read­ing about a theory of physical behavior calledself-organized criticality. Developed by a trioof scientists at Brookhaven National Labora­tory, the theory provides a way to explain thedynamical behavior of systems composed oflarge numbers of interacting parts-from tur­bulence to earthquakes to the large-scalestructure of the universe.These systems, the theory goes, are "scaleinvariant." Like fractals, they are self-similarstructures whose structural patterns repeatthemselves at all scales. "Look at a coast­line," Nagel says by way of example. "Onevery scale, it looks the same. Whether froma few feet or several miles away, there are sim­ilar patterns of jaggedness. "Such systems are posed for change and con­stantly on the edge of collapse-oflosing theirstructural pattern. Yet they bounce back­"self-organize" -from external stress,breaking up into smaller regions which exhib­it the same structures.Sandpile avalanches, the Brookhaven scien­tists argued, are just one example of self­organized criticality. When sand is pouredonto a sandpile, they theorized, its slope even-UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 25tually reaches its critical point. The pile can'tget any bigger: adding more sand creates ava­lanches of all sizes at the particular sandpileslope known as the angle of repose. Theamount of sand that accumulates balances theamount carried away by the avalanches.The idea of testing a wide-ranging theory likeself-organized criticality with a commonplaceevent like avalanching sand caught Nagel's fan­cy. With a postdoctoral fellow and graduate stu­dent Chu-Heng Liu, SM'88, Nagel devised alow-tech, low-cost experiment (their materi­als, other than a borrowed spectrum analyzer,cost just $50). In a slowly rotating, half-filledcylinder of sand, they created avalanches-. recording the angle at which the grains tum­bled, the size and duration of each avalanche,and the time between avalanches.Hundreds of trials later (including a fewdone with grains of rice), Nagel and hiscolleagues had evidence, as they reported in a1989 paper, that "the direct analogy betweenthe dynamics of sandpiles and physical sys­tems exhibiting a critical point ... is not wellfounded." That's not the same as saying thatthere are no systems with self-organized criti­cality, Nagel points out, "but we didn't find itin the sand avalanches."Was there a possibility that sand avalanchesdemonstrated criticality after all, but that fric­tion between the grains hid the effect? To see ifthat was the case, Nagel and his colleaguestried getting rid ofthe friction by vibrating thesandpile with a small loudspeaker. Criticalbehavior still didn't show up.Nagel's sand studies continue-both as ex­perimental work on real materials and, in asomewhat different direction, computer sim­ulations which model how sand might act incertain situations-in hot, humid air, for ex­ample, where the moisture packs the sand to­gether, or in one-dimensional columns. Mod­eling isn't easy (like snowflakes, no two grainsof sand are created equal), and the computersimulations haven't replicated the real­materials results.Understanding the flow of sand is far from26 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 an esoteric problem. "Many technologies usegranular materials, so understanding their be­havior has practical uses," Nagel says. "Thepharmaceutical industry is always processingsuch substances. In the agricultural industry,flow characteristics of grains are important. "He produces a photograph of a collapsedgrain silo-it fell, he said, because its buildersdidn't understand the structural strains fromflowing grains. "The mining industry needsto transport such materials. Then there are av­alanches-including stone, snow, and mud."But Nagel remains a condensed-matterphysicist. He sees understanding the behaviorof granular materials as a way of making con­nections between the behavior of sand andsome forms of behavior in glasses andsuperconductors.Besides, he says, sand is intrinsically inter­esting. Although physicists Charles Coulomband Michael Faraday began studying the ma­terial in the 18th century, "in many ways, thestudy is still in its infancy. ""Once you get into it," Sidney Nagel adds,"you realize that there are few other things asinteresting as watching stuff flow." -So B. A place inthe sunn his second-floor office in theUniversity's Laboratory for Astro­physics and Space Research,Eugene Parker busily scribblesequations on a yellow notepad.Leafing through two astrophysicsjournals on his desk, he pauses, glancing overhis shoulder at the early-spring sun strugglingthrough the morning gray.He jots down another thought, musings ona new theory he's dubbed "spontaneous dis­continuity." It attempts to explain how thesun's outer atmosphere, or corona (the glow­ing rim of hydrogen visible during eclipses),is heated to two million Kelvin, while thesun's surface temperatures remain at a "stonecold" 5,600 K.Parker, the S. Chandrasekhar DistinguishedService Professor of Physics, Astronomy andAstrophysics, has spent the past 40 yearsmentally traversing dense magnetic fields andsailing blustery solar gales, pursuing thebasics of Earth's life-giving star.He shields his eyes from the fracturedbeams of sunlight leaking through partiallydrawn blinds. "The sun is the only star we cansee, even with a telescope, " he says. "We seeother stars only as unresolved blobs oflight inthe biggest telescopes, so if we want to studythe nature of the actions on the surface of astar, we look to the sun." Data abound on thebasics-size, distance from Earth, elementalmakeup, and so forth-yet, says Parker, in agentle voice, "The sun is the most mysteriousstar in the sky-because we know enough toappreciate its mystery. "Take sunspots, for example. These darkblemishes that periodically appear and vanishon the sun's face are "a poorman's way of tell­ing when the sun is magnetically active, " saysParker. Sunspots' strong magnetic fieldsblock or redirect the normal flow of hot gasesto the sun's surface. Yet "no one knows why stars produce them. What basic laws of natureare responsible?" he asks. He spouts off moreexamples of the sun's "curious" physics: Itscore may rotate three times faster than its sur­face. The sun quivers and shakes, with soundwaves resonating through its surface, produc­ing bulges and craters. The sun's luminosityvaries. Magnetic fields come and go. The sunspits out flares, intense explosions of gases.No one knows why."This type of basic research doesn't haveany immediate commercial value," Parkersays. "But even if we cannot control them, weshould understand the sun's variations, be­cause those variations control our climate, of­ten wipe out communications, and sometimes-as in Canada earlier this year-knock outthe power grid. Down the road, the physicsyou learn from the sun may prepare us to meeta big problem. That never gets any credit."In 1989, Parker received a measure of cred­it: the National Medal of Science. Part of thework that won him the award came in the mid-1950s, when he posited the existence of" solarwinds" -streams of high-speed protons andelectrons (i.e., ionized hydrogen) gently blown outward. reaching Earth in about fourdays, a million tons of hydrogen a second­from the solar furnace. Previously, scientiststhought that the space just beyond the coronawas, in Parker's words, "essentially an emptyvacuum."But Parker reasoned that if the sun's scorch­ing corona reaches 2 X 106 K temperatures,then a "tenuous, expanding, outer atmo­sphere must exist. " The additional heat had tocome from somewhere-most likely, fromthe turbulence beneath the visible surface.The fact that passing comet tails were alwaysblown away from the sun also seemedto sup­port the existence of a wind. In 196�yMariner spacecraft proved Parker right.Indeed, Parker's career-including work inplasmas, magnetic fields, and stellar winds­has spanned the space age. After earning aPh.D. at Cal Tech in 1951, until joining theU of C in 1955, he taught first mathematicsand then physics at the University of Utah.There, he met Richard Thomas, a scientistwho was studying the sun's chromosphere,the layer surrounding the visible photos­phere. "The more familiar I became with thesun, " Parker recalls, "the more I found it wasfull of fascinating puzzles. "The sun is pretty much run-of-the-mill asstars go, Parker says. Yet, because it's so nearEarth, it can wreak havoc with communica­tions and climate. Even modest changes in thesun's brightness have huge climatic implica­tions for Earth. Over the last five years, scien­tists studying the magnetic behavior of othersun-like stars found that such stars undergosimultaneous variations in brightness andmagnetic activity, like the sun. Three starschanged their brightness by one percent­comparable to a change in the sun's brightnessinferred from the sudden cold that grippedChina and Europe from 1650 to 1730 (the Lit­tle Ice Age).The sun's brightness also can increase,Parker notes, "as it seems to have done duringthe excessively warm 12th century." Bringingthe topic back to the present, he points out that"N ASA spacecraft have detected a variationof only one-eighth of a percent in the sun'sbrightness in the last dozen years," hardlyenough to make a dent on the world thermom­eter. Still, he warns, "we have to assume thatin the next couple of centuries the sun mightdecide to change its luminosity again by onepercent."Before Parker, 63, retires "in a few moreyears, " he hopes to see NASA finally build itsproposed Orbiting Solar Laboratory: a one­meter telescope capable of monitoring"small-scale activity on the surface of thesun, which we can't see now." He looks outhis office window at a now solid gray sky."That," he says, "is where the real action is."-S.B.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEljUNE 1991 27Gary Ebersole, AM'78,PhD'8l, studies talesof white settlerscaptured by NativeAmerican tribes.In reading about howthey viewed their .captors, Ebersolelearns much abouthow the captivesviewed themselves.By Debra ShoreIn 1676 a band of Pequot and NarragansettIndians attacked the Massachusetts Bay Col­ony outpost of Lancaster, shot and killedmany of the Puritan settlers who did not flee,and took 23 captives, among them the minister'swife, Mary Rowlandson, and her three children.Freed three months later upon payment of a ran­som, Rowlandson subsequently wrote an accountof her captivity. A True History of the Captivity andRestoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson (1682) soonbecame a bestseller.In 1979, those same Pequot Indians-throughMary Rowlandson's story of her captivity with Mary Rowlandson's ordeal began inFebruary 1676. It was a bitter winter,marked by the hardship of coloniallife in Lancaster, a small settlementa remote 38 miles from Boston. The Pequot andNarragansett Indians, displaced from their tradi-them-captured Gary Ebersole, AM'78, PhD'81,then a graduate student preparing for his doctoralexams, as he wandered unsuspecting into thedepths of the Regenstein stacks. He has yet toemerge from the narratives' embrace. This, DearReader, is the story.28 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991All illustrations courtesy of Newberry Library. Chicagotional hunting and gathering lands, had become in­creasingly restive. Several instances of armed con­flict between Indians and colonists had already oc­curred when Joseph Rowlandson, spiritual leaderof the community and a colleague of Increase andCotton Mather, traveled to Boston seeking militaryprotection for the settlement. In his absence, theIndians attacked.Mary Rowlandson grabbed her six-year-olddaughter and attempted to escape. But, struck bythe same bullet, both were captured, along withher l-l-year-old son and lO-year-old daughter.Expecting retaliation, the Indians embarked on a forced march, pushing their captives-already inshock from the attack they had witnessed-to thepoint of total exhaustion. Those who could notkeep up were killed along the way, especially in­fants whose cries would have alerted pursuingtroops. A week after the attack, her wound havingfestered, Mary's younger daughter died.Disoriented by hunger and thirst, traumatized bythe deaths of children and spouses and the loss oftheir homes, unable to communicate with theircaptors, Mary Rowlandson and her fellow captivesundoubtedly felt like strangers in a strange land.When King Philip, the Indian chief, met Mary RAISED WMAHAWKSCROP UP OFTEN IN CAP­TIVITY NARRATIVES, ASIN AN 1840 NARRATIVEDETAILING "THE Ex­TRAORDINARY LIFEOF JOHN CONRADSHAFFORD ... THE DUTCHHERMIT."UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 29FANNY KELLY PRAYS FORHER LIFE. THE DAMSEL­IN-DISTRESS SCENE ISFROM AN 1872 ACCOUNTOF HER CAPTIVITYAMONG THE SIOUX. Rowlandson, he realized that, as the wife of a Puri­tan minister, she had financial value, and he under­took negotiations for her ransom. Eventually, inexchange for 20 pounds' worth of trade goods, shewas freed. Some time later, her children were re­turned for additional ransom and the family wasreunited.Mary Rowlandson's experience of being takenPLEAS FOR MERCY HAVENO EFFECT IN THE "CAP�TlVITY AND SUFFERINGOF MRS. MASON."HER YOUNGEST CHILDWAS MASSACRED. hostage and forced to. live inan entirely foreigncul­ture was just that-an experience in her life. Buthow was she to. make sense of what had happened to.her? How was she supposed to. understand it andgive meaning to. it?In recent years, many scholars have become in­terested in the concept of the "Other" =those for­eign cultures Dr beliefs Dr activities against whichwe define ourselves. "Positing the Other is alwaysnecessary in order to. create an identity," saysEbersole. "The captivity experience is inherentlyfascinating because these are individuals who arecarried off by the 'Other.' The Amerindians havealways played that role for European culture."Gary Ebersole's own fascination with the issue o.fidentity and identity transformation is a story thatbegins in the early 1970s. As a conscientious ob­jector assigned to. alternative service daring theVietnam War, he was sent to. teach English in arural area of Japan. With shoulder-length hair,knowing no. Japanese, Ebersole was definitely aforeigner, a living-embodiment of the "Other" de­posited in the Gumma prefecture.Possessing a very low draft number at the heightof the Vietnam war, he stayed, and began teachingconversational English to. 650 Japanese students.Debra Shore is a Chicago freelance writer who lastwrote for the Magazine on the "/low" research ofpsychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.30 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE<JUNE 1991 He soon immersed himself in the culture, learningthe language and meeting a Japanese woman who.later became his wife."There was an incident that was almost revela­tory to me," he says. "I was in an area where therewere very, very few foreigners, so. almost from dayone I had gotten used to. people turning toward meand saying, 'Look, an outsider!' About three and ahalf years later I was walking downtown and heardsomeone saying, 'Look, a foreigner!' and I foundmyself turning and looking and saying, 'Where?'Anybody seeing me on the street recognized me asthe foreigner, but I no longer thought of myselfthat way." ....In essence, Ebersole had "gone native." Hestayed in Japan for six years, teaching at GummaNational University and tutoring executives fromKellogg's and Kirin Brewery. ("I learned morethan 1 ever wanted to know about yeast," he wrylycomments.)By 1977 Ebersole and his wife had four children,whom they did not want to subject to the much­vaunted but highly competitive and rigid Japaneseeducational system. So he enrolled in the DivinitySchool's graduate program in the History of Reli­gions, and they moved to Hyde Park-therebyplunging his wife into a near-captivity experience."Chicago was quite a shock, "hesays, recalling theimpact on his wife. "She thought Hyde Park wasthe way all American cities were .... Japan hasnothing like triple locks."At the Divinity School, Ebersole used his fluen­cy in Japanese and his interest in other religions towrite a-dissertation on "Matsuo Basho and the Wayof Poetry in the Japanese Religious Tradition."He subsequently published a book on Japanesefunerary rites, Ritual Poetry and the Politics ofDeath in Early Japan. After receiving his degree,he taught at Grinnell College and at Ohio. StateUniversity before returning to. the Divinity Schoollast fall as an Associate Professor in the History ofReligions.But, long before then, he had been ambushed bythe captivity narratives concealed in the Regen­stein stacks. Though he specialized in Japanese re­ligions, Ebersole also maintained an interest inAmerican Indians and chose to focus on them for aportion of his doctoral exams. "I was in the stacksat Regenstein, in the E80s, and I came across someDId, musty books 'On the shelf-really truly smelly,musty books," he says. "They were some 19th­century captivity narratives. I ended up spendingabout three days just sitting in the stacks readingthese when. 1 should have been studying for myexams."What seized Ebersole about the cap­tivity narratives was not on] y theirinherent drama, but also the waythe "narrative framing" of thecaptivity experience changed over time. The texts,he explains, "are not transparent windows into thecaptivity experience-even though they are first­hand accounts." Rather, "these narratives are, in-evitably, already interpretations."That is," he continues, "they are narrativeproducts of a complex process of retrospective re­construction-selecting, ordering, organizingmemories, filling in the blanks. Moreover, eachand every text is implicated in a network of othertexts, which serves to determine the shape and thecontours of the narrative. At the same time, earliertexts frequently provide an authoritative, interpre­tive frame which is is imposed on one's owncaptivity. "He studies the texts as "history, but not in asimple-minded sense." Instead, he sees the narra­tives as products of their age and society. As such,they constitute a preeminently North Americangenre. Their narrative frames, he believes, havemuch to do with the way early Americans definedthemselves as Americans (and understood theirdestiny) and they decisively influenced views ofNative Americans through this century.In Mary Rowlandson's case, the narrative framefor her captivity was the prevailing Puritan theolo­gy which, Ebersole contends, shaped these narra­tives for many decades. The Puritans understoodthe captivity experience as a divine drama playedout in the American wilderness. Everything thathappened was attributed to God's will, to divine in­tervention in history. Mary Rowlandson's captivitywas to be understood as a punishment sent by God-a test or a trial-in order to call her back to a holyway of life.At the same time, the Puritan view of AmericanIndians as "bloody heathen" and "barbarous sav­ages" served to demonize and dehumanize them.While acts of violence and barbarism wereascribed to the Indians' true nature, any acts ofkindness or compassion on the part of Indians­such as sharing food with their captives=wereascribed' to God's working through the Indians,rather than to the Indians themselves. Thus Eliza­beth Hanson, who was taken captive with her chil­dren and maid-servant in 1724, writes:... in this Journey we went up some veryhigh Mountains so steep, that I was forc'd tocreep up on my Hands and Knees, underwhich Difficulty the Indian my Master,would mostly carry my Babe forme, which Itook as a great Favour of God that his Heartwas so tenderly inclined to assist me, tho' hehad, as is said, a very heavy Burden of hisown; nay, he would sometimes take my veryBlanket, so that I had nothing to do, but takemy little Boy by the Hand for his Help, andassist him as well as I could, taking him up inmy Arms a little at Times, because so small,and when we came at very bad Places, hewould lend me his Hand, or coming behind,would push me up before him: In all which,he shewed some Humanity and Civility \more than I could have expected: For whichPrivilege I was secretly thankful to God asthe moving Cause thereof.The captivity narratives generated during the Puritan era had an enormous effect on Americanculture. One listing of bestsellers in Americanliterature from 1680 to 1720 notes that three out offour were captivity narratives. Even today, MaryRowlandson's story continues to appear in manysecondary-school social studies and American his­tory texts.While the Puritan narratives provided perhapsA Case afMistakenIdentityLest you think the captivityexperience only concernsAnglos and Indians,consider Patricia Hearst.In 1974 Patty Hearst, granddaugh­ter of William Randolph Hearstand heiress to his publishing for­tune, was kidnapped at gunpoint bya multi-racial group of urban guer­rillas who called themselves theSymbionese Liberation Army.Bound, gagged, and kept lockedin a closet for 57 days, disorientedfrom lack of sleep and food, forcedto have sex with two of her captors("Never before had I felt so de­graded, so much in the power ofothers, so vulnerable"), Hearsteventually went native. She wasgiven a new identity-that of therevolutionary Tania-and tookup arms against her own kind byrobbing the Hibernia bank.Gary Ebersole's reading ofAmerican captivity narrativesgives him a particular understand­ing of her case-an understandingthat, in retrospect, her defenselawyers apparently lacked. WhenPatty /Tania was captured andbrought to trial for herparticipa­tion in the bank holdup, her law­yers never contested the facts. Thebank's surveillance system, afterall, had photographed her holdinga rifle. Instead, they contended thatshe had been brainwashed."What was at issue was theculpability of Patty Hearst, " saysEbersole, who wrote an articleabout the case for Religion,"whether she was responsible, andessentially whether she was her­self. " Yet the jury, grounded in themodern, post-Freudian view of theself, found it impossible to imagine that someone could assume anoth­er identity. "In the modern West­ern world it's no longer acceptedthat the human identity is muta­ble," Ebersole says. "In othercultures, not only is it imagined,but it's incumbent upon the com­munity to effect this, so there arerites and rituals precisely to dothis. The privileging of the 'I,' theego, is really very recent. To meit's one of the hallmarks of Westernmodernity. "Hearst's attorneys, unaware of thelarge corpus of captivity narra­tives, instead turned to authoritieson prisoners of war. When asked ifthey knew of instances in whichPOW s had taken tip arms againsttheir own and committed violentacts, these authorities said theydidnot. Yet the captivity narrativescontain numerous examples ofsuch instances, as well as instancesin which captives, given opportu­nities to-escape, chose to remainwith their captors,In the most fundamental sense,Ebersole contends, Hearst wastragically estranged from history:she lacked an interpretive frame inwhich to place and understand hercaptivity experience. "In PattyHearst's case, the only way profes­sionals were able to talk aboutwhat happened to her was to patho­logize it. It's a form of medical,professional demonization."It was humanly tragic to me,"Ebersole says, "because what thedefense position meant was thatPatty Hearst was reduced to anautomaton. She has no idea whathappened to her at all, and no wayfor her culture to accept it. "-D.S.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 31the most important interpretive frame for the cap­tivity experience, one with remarkable longevity,gradually the form changed. Within a decade afterthe end of the Revolutionary War, captivity narra­tives were written to preserve paradigmatic exam­ples of the nation's heroic forefathers and mothers.These narratives display what Ebersole calls "asecular religiosity," with rhetoric similar to thatheard in Memorial Day speeches calling on citi­zens to remember the sacrifices of their forebears.Soldiers who had been captured or injured dur­ing the Revolutionary War or the War of 1812 alsowrote accounts and sold them on the street, oftenbecause the government did not provide them withpensions. "They would tell their sad tales and askfor alms," says Ebersole, "or use the publishedstories as certifications to justify their claims be­fore Congress or the courts." Another source ofthe tales were "snake oil docs who told captivitynarratives as a way of authenticating their cures."THE "MIRACULOUSESCAPE OF MRS. MARYGODFREY AND HERFOUR FEMALE CHIL­DREN" DATES FROM l'HESEMINOLE WAR.Kind Reader; Be LedI. D.... tb....•.•. e..•.. vf.e... f:. a•.. ce.... to R..... i.•• �(}. ry.. if......••••••. theSpirit Lake Massacre; 8th.March. 185'l and of MissAbigail Gardiner's ThreeMonth's Captivity Among theIndians According to Her OwnAccount,. As Given to L. P.J..-e.e, thepublisherclearly informs thereaders that they .are meant to beinstructed as well as entertained:"This thrilling tale of sufferingand wrong is written for a doublepurpose -. Taatits readers.in theolder and mote settled States. maythe better appreciate the blessings,of Peace and Civilization whencontrasted with the dangers andprivations of Pioneer Life, and thata young and bereaved survivor ofamurdered familYl1lay be profitedby its circulation.".... Think not, kind reader, thatyou have yet passed the diresthorrors of this dreadful tragedy.There-await for your perusal,barbarities as black, and crueltiesas foul.as those we have recorded,or indeed have ever been written bymortal man. If thou shalt be led tothankfulness for thy own condi­tion, and to pity the misfortunes ofothers, thou shalt not have read thissad history in vain."An excerpt from another versionof the same captive's story, this onepublished in 1885, shows howprevious captivity narratives have influeneed Miss Gardiner's reac­tion to the Indian attack:')\11 this time I was both speech­less and tearless; but, now leftalone, I begged them to kill me. Itseemed as though I could not waitfor themJo finish their wQrk ofdeath, One of them approached,and roughly seizing me by the' armsaid something I could not under­stand, but I well knew, from theiractions, that I was to be a captive.All the terrible tortures.. and in­dignities J had ever read or heard ofbeing inflicted upon their captivesnow arose in horrid vividnessbefore me."Miss Gardiner is then forced totravel deeper and. deeper into theterritory of the "Other":"By this time all hope of everescaping this bitter, galling servi­tude had completely died out. Wewere constantly moving furtherand further from civilization, anddeeperjnto the heart ofanunbro ...ken reaha of barbarism .. Thisdisappearance of all traces of civili­zation in manners, customs, cloth­ing, or equipments, told me howwidely we were separated from'the abode of whites ..... Ihad nofriends, powerful or wealthy, eitherto move the general governmentor to plan my rescue through pri­vate influence. Despair settledupon me." .32 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 Still other narratives were written as cautionarytales to be used in Sunday School, says Ebersole,"to inculcate proper behavior and respect for el­ders, and to understand the role of prayer in life."At the same time, partly because the genre was sopopular, fictional captivity narratives appeared.Distinctions between factual and fictional captivi­ty narratives have always been blurred, Ebersolesays, partly because the purpose of even a "true"account required an arranging of events to producethe desired effect, partly because fictional narra­tives were often advertised as true stories to in­crease their impact and sales, and partly becauseeditors often reprinted fictional stories as truestories many years later.One variety of captivity narrative, S'�S Ebersole,was written for dearly titillating purposes and wasterribly stylized: inevitably, following long vicissi­tudes of fortune, the hero and heroine get togetherand live happily ever after. Many such narrativescontain sexual fantasies-what Ebersole calls "thewhite male phallic fantasy" -in which the comelyIndian maiden falls for the white male captive.The expeden,c '. e of captivity retains its fas-.cination to this day, told and retold infact and fiction. In such movies as AMan Called Horse, Little Big Man, andthe current blockbuster, Dances With UVlves, thegenre endures.Factual tales of captivity continue to emerge­most often from the Amazon. These are usuallytold in terms of an ecological! save the rainforest in­terpretive frame. The film The Emerald Forest, forexample, is based on the true story of a young boyabducted by Amazonian Indians. His father, anAmerican engineer engaged in building a dam onthe Amazon, searches for his son for 10 years.When he finally locates his child, he discovers thatthe boy has "gone native." This story and othermodern tales twist the traditional frame so that theIndians are represented as heroes, living at onewith nature, and the white man becomes the savagedestroyer of a Rousseauistic idyll.In preparation for a book, Gary Ebersole ismaking his way through some 350 captivitynarratives, spanning five centuries, to deter­mine how the narrative framing of the cap­tivity experience changes over time. "We're all in­volved in this narrative process of constructingmeaning," he explains, "of framing our under­standing of what it means to be human, what lifeand death are, and how 'the world is ordered. Theway this actually happens is what's fascinatingtome."Why is it that, at some point in time, some nar­ratives become convincing-and then why do theydie out?"And so, Dear Reader, as you sit in the comfort ofyour den while the Indians or aliens or extraterres­trials swarm round you in the dark, kick back nowin your cultural recliner and ask, "Who are they?And who, pray tell, am I?"nvestigationsQuaDtum LeapU sing microscopic pulses oflaser light, chemist GrahamFleming finds that the first fewsubseconds of a chemical reac­tion make a difference.FOR MANY CHEMICAL REACTIONS, THEfirst few hundred quadrillionths (that'sa decimal point, 14 zeroes, and a one)of a second can seem like forever. Chemicalbonds come and go. Atoms dance from spotto spot. What happens in those first few frac­tions of a second can change a reaction's life.Those precious sub-moments also provideopenings for scientists to manipulate reac­tions, ifthe scientists are quick enough. Theyhaven't been-until now. Using intense, mi­croscopic pulses of laser light, chemist Gra­ham Fleming and his colleagues have shownthat such molecular mastery may be possibleafter all.Quantum mechanics makes it all possible.Electrons in molecules act like waves in apool. When electron waves of different mole­cules meet, the waves can either meet peak­to-peak, and add together; or, they may col­lide peak-to-trough, short-circuiting theircharges. Chemists have tended to ignore thesemolecular rendezvous, assuming that interac­tions between these electron waves and wavesof nearby molecules smooth out any peaksand troughs into tiny ripples before anythingchemically interesting begins. The quantumbehavior would have little effect.They were wrong. Fleming, the Arthur Hol­ly Compton Distinguished Service Professorof Chemistry, has developed computer mod­els that show some chemical reactions-theinitial step in photosynthesis, for example­occur so rapidly that the first few fractions of asecond really do matter. In such ultrafast re­actions, Fleming's models show that electronwaves form regular interference patterns inthe first few moments of a chemical reaction,and that these energy waves can influence Graham Fleming shines light on superfast chemical reactions.how rapidly the reaction runs.To see if their wave models held up, Flemingand his coworkers developed a special lasersystem for generating pairs of brief,quadrillionth-second-long pulses of visiblelight. In their experiments, they shot pairs ofbrief pulses of laser light at iodine gas. Thefirst pulse excited the iodine molecules, mak­ing them glow. The key was the second pulse'stiming. If its peaks and valleys were out ofsync with the first pulse's, then they cancelledeach other out, and the iodine gave off lesslight. But when the pulses' peaks and troughsmatched, quantum interference occurred,and the energized iodine electrons glowedeven brighter."If you're going to manipulate how nuclei ina molecule arrange themselves, you have touse extremely fast, short pulses of light,Fleming notes. "We couldn't do this beforebecause we didn't have the technology. "Knowing quantum effects may even letchemists fool with Mother Nature. Whensunlight hits a chlorophyll molecule, it kicksan electron to a neighboring molecule, begin­ning a cascade of chemical events in photo­synthesis. But for some reason-no oneknows why-this energy-capturing first stepmoves twice as fast and more efficiently thanscientists have predicted. Fleming suspectsthat quantum effects might be to blame. Abet­ter understanding of these effects, he says, may allow scientists to use light pulses to in­terrupt or speed up photosynthesis at will.Shell GameSUSAN KIDWELL'S FIELD WORK, SHEquips, amounts to playing fossil detec­tive, "walking on beaches, looking forcarcasses, and at how dead things fall apart."Now, thanks to digging of another sort,Kidwell has turned up good news for paleon­tologists worried about the dependability ofthe fossil record.Two years ago, Kidwell, associate professorin the geophysical sciences, was tapped by ed­itors of a new book on taphonomy (literally,the study of the grave) to write a review chap­ter on the formation of shell beds. Kidwellsaw it as an opportunity to address a paleonto­logical paradox: "The thinking has been thatvery few individuals of any given molluskspecies make it into the fossil record becausethere are so many ways-predators, scaven­gers, erosion-to destroy shells," she ex­plains. "But how can you reconcile the abun­dance of shells in some beds if there are somany ways to destroy them?"Paleontologists have always relied on thefossil record to figure out how ancient mol­lusk communities lived, but researchers werenever sanguine on its faithfulness. Did anUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 33area's fossils paint a true picture of its formerresidents? There were, after all, casual inter­lopers to consider, not to mention other spe­cies washed in after death. Typically, scien­tists who want to know how reliably livingspecies turned up among the dead might go toa beach, sample the sand, wash out both livinganimals and shells, and count the species re­presented by both. While some studies sug­gest a good match between the living ani­mals and those ending up as fossils, others donot. They form a conflicting taphonomicliterature.Trying to make sense out of the confusion,Kidwell, along with colleague Daniel Bo­sence of the University of London, examinedthe 16 live-dead comparisons of clams andsnails that had been carried out and publishedin the past 25 years-finding that each re­searcher had asked the question of live-deadagreement in a different way. In most cases,for example, researchers counted the mol­lusks differently. ''A clam has a left and a rightvalve," Kidwell explains. "Some peoplewould add the total number of valves, and di­vide by two. Others would count each valve asone individual. We couldn't tell what numberswere accurate and what was a result of differ­ences in measuring. "Kidwell and Bosence tracked down the orig­inal data and reanalyzed each study the sameway, study by study, habitat by habitat. "Oncewe started doing that," Kidwell recalls, "westarted getting similar answers, even thoughthe clams and snails were from different envi­ronments-intertidal fiats, shallow off-shoreareas, bays, even from the English Channel."In the reanalyzed findings, Kidwell and Bo­sence found, for each area, that 83 to 95 per­cent of the living species were also among thearea's dead-an encouraging sign of fossilfidelity.On the other hand, only 33 to 54 percent ofthe dead species turned up among the living.There were too many dead species unac­counted for. Was the fossil record infiltratedby hordes of outsiders? Was it futile for pale­ontologists even to attempt to figure out wholived where?When Kidwell and Bosence took a closerlook at the studies, however, they discoveredthat the longer each live survey lasted, the bet­ter the live-dead match. In the studies thatlasted several years-some as long as ten-theproportion of dead species seen among theliving jumped to 75 percent."Mollusk communities change over time,"Kidwell explains. "Scientists who sample aliving community once only get a momentaryglimpse. If they do it over several years, theyget a much clearer picture." Transients, sheadds, are easy to spot; they're small and few innumber.The apparent fidelity of the shell record,34 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 Kidwell says, "means that there are lots ofways for shells to be preserved; we've misledourselves about the ease in which shells canbe destroyed. The fossil record is a lot betterthan we thought it was. "Accentuate thePositiveBILL BORDEN, AM'83, PhD'88, SPENT Ayear asking 15 gay men about their ex­periences confronting the life anddeath possibilities of AIDS. What he foundwas a surprising consistency: a positive men­tal attitude. Thirteen of the men-each ofwhom carried the AIDS virus-said the threatof serious illness actually had benefits. Themen spoke of new priorities, stronger bondswith family and friends, and a new apprecia­tion of life.For Borden, an assistant professor in theSchool of Social Service Administration, theresults, gleaned from lengthy personal inter­views, offer insights into "how people copewith adversity and loss through their devel­oping lives."Borden doesn't regard such behavior asfalse bravado. It's more like a rude awaken­ing. More than half of the men interviewedsaid they expected to develop a serious illnessor die within five years; they were determinedto make the most of their remaining time.Many joined community service organiza­tions. They stressed personal relationshipsand renewed commitment to attaining goals.They also took better care of themselves.Most young people harbor illusions of im­mortality, Borden says. "Suddenly a life­threatening illness comes along and you haveto deal with something you probably neverhad to think about before." Some stay thecourse, continuing on with their lives as be­fore. Others "review their lives, reflecting onwhere they've been, where they are and wantto go, " he says. "They often make substantialchanges in their lives, such as a more reward­ingjob, or moving back home to spend moretime with loved ones." This "life-review"was especially helpful for the AIDS group, henotes, most of whom were in their thirties,and who "are at a tentative time in their lives,where they're building life structures­careers and long-term relationships."Borden cites several examples. "One personquit a graduate program to return to his familyof origin, " he says. Another left his career for"a less stressful, non-professional job,"while a third "began making plans to begin acareer with greater personal meaning than hispresent job provided. "Perhaps the AIDS study results shouldn'thave been surprising. In a previous study, Borden: how people cope with adversity.Borden-who has also been examining cop­ing strategies used by breast cancer patientsand care-givers of schizophrenic adults­watched how people adapted to taking care ofspouses with Alzheimer's disease. He found"one of the most consistent predictors of psy­chological well-being was the notion of con­centrating on some positive aspect of theirsituation. ""What is it that determines positive out­look?" he asks. "Why can some people focuson the positive better than others? What deter­mines these adaptive-coping strategies?"He plans to try to answer some of these ques­tions in a follow-up study of the coping strate­gies of a group of 60 virus-positive men. Aspractitioners, he says, "we need to understandhow people make sense of a life-threateningor debilitating illness, given their own life'sexperiences. That way we can better supportsuch people and help them manage theirlives."Southern RevivalTHREE YEARS AGO, RICHARD TAUB WASfinishing his latest book, CommunityCapitalism, a tale of economic rejuve­nation in Chicago's South Shore neighbor­hood. The professor in social sciences hadnever heard of Arkadelphia.Enter Arkansas Gov. William Clinton,seeking to energize Arkansas' sagging eco­nomic fortunes. At a Little Rock conferenceon economic development, Clinton learned ofthe South Shore turn around: Over the past 15years, the South Shorebank Corporation, aneconomic development corporation, hadused South Shore Bank to finance businessand housing loans, and, with local agencies,purchased and renovated buildings, and pro-vided job training and venture capital.Hoping to duplicate the South Shore suc­cess, Arkansas officials, along with the Win­throp Rockefeller Foundation, a private phil­anthropic organization in Little Rock, askedShorebank for help. Could Shorebank carryits Chicago success to the rural poor inArkansas?For the next several years Taub will be watch­ing Shorebank try to answer that question.Shorebank and Rockefeller created theSouthern Development Bancorporation(SDB) to run the show. Originally headed forthe eastern Arkansas "delta" region, Shore­bank couldn't find a bank to buy. Finally, aftera year's search, SDB settled in Arkadelphia,a tiny southern Arkansas community of10,000. SDB's plan is to build businesses andpromote entrepreneurship in Arkadelphiaand five small and mid-size communities.The corporation raised $12 million in capital,bought the town's Elk Horn Bank, and createdfour subsidiaries to invest money and lendtechnical assistance.Arkadelphia and South Shore differ in sev­eral ways, Taub notes. At South Shore-animpoverished, mostly black neighborhood of89,000 squeezed into a South Side squaremile- "revitalization focused on housing andbusiness in a small area," Taub says. "Inves­tors, lending agencies, and businesses allknew what the other was doing." Not so insouthern Arkansas, where racially mixed, ru­ral Arkadelphia and its neighbors-includingHot Springs and Pine Bluff-are spread outover 20,000 square miles, isolated from ma­jor business markets. Unemployment reigns-these communities were hit hard by the de­cline of heavy manufacturing in the 1970s and1980s. "The problem is, there's no history ofprosperity to speak of," Taub says. ''A 1990book that rated cities' attractiveness to corpo­rate employees cited Pine Bluff as having theworst quality of life in the country. "Most programs remain in the planningstages, though one company-OpportunityLands, a for-profit real estate investmentagency-has redone office buildings in Arka­delphia, and is now renovating buildings andsingle- family homes in downtown Pine Bluff.Still, residents of Pine Bluff and Arkadelphia,where the bulk of the business and renovationactivity has begun, have a "wait and see atti­tude, " Taub notes.The project's "bottom line will be a net im­provement in jobs and incomes," Taub says.Taub is engineering a two-part, in-depthanalysis of the project's progress. Part one is afive-year look at SDB in action, doling outloans, investing, and so forth. The other partinvolves a random survey of some 1,200 resi­dents, 150 in each of the six towns, and in twocontrol towns-a before-and-after "statisticalsnapshot" of the household economics of the communities, he explains.The survey asks people about their incomesources-which Taub claims may include "aminimum-wage job, and little extras from re­pairing a car, hunting or fishing, or growingvegetables." He questions attitudes, too: Arepeople optimistic about the future? Do theytrust local government? What about their"entrepreneurial willingness" and opinionsof community leadership? He's not alone inhis research; his collaborators include eightfaculty from south Arkansas universities who"help to interpret local ways of doing thingsand to provide local access."Elk Horn Bank's president, Chicago native-and former Taub student-George Sur­geon., AM'76, is optimistic. "People in Arka­delphia and Pine Bluff have been much morereceptive to what we're trying to do than wehad anticipated," he says, noting that "bankdeposits have jumped ten percent a year forthe past three years. "Taub is busy with other projects, too. He'steaching a class on the culture of the Ameri­can South-quite a change for a scholar whowrote his Harvard dissertation on economicdevelopment in India. He's also trying to raisemoney to establish a center for entrepre­neurial studies in Chicago and Arkadelphia."We hope we can eventually work with otherlocal agencies and groups like SDB and rec­ommend strategies for economic develop­ment." Then, he says, he'll write anotherbook.When No Means NoTWO MEN SHARE AN APARTMENT. ONEof them has a girlfriend who is stayingfor the month-a situation which theother roommate doesn't like. While the firstroommate is out, a friend ofthe second room­mate jumps into bed with the sleepinggirlfriend. He begins to fondle her. When sherealizes the man is not her boyfriend, shescreams. The man stops, but is charged withattempted rape, and convicted. An appealscourt overturns the ruling; the woman knewshe was engaged in a sexual act, the judgerules.The appeals judge is off base, contends lawscholar Stephen Schulhofer, who believes the1981 California case is an example of how de­ception in sexual relations should invalidateconsent. While most states don't regard thissort of deception as rape or any other sexualcrime, Schulhofer argues that certain casescall for criminal punishment. But to Schulho­fer, the California case is a symptom of amuch larger criminal-justice disease. It rep­resents "the one-sided male view of the seri­ousness of unwanted sex" and a "status quomorality where intimidation and exploitation Schulhofer: rape law would be different.are acceptable. "Schulhofer, the Frank and Bernice 1. Green­berg Professor in the Law School and directorof the Center of Studies in Criminal Justice,claims that a cultural "gender blindness"taints rape trials in this country, influencinghow rape laws are interpreted by judges,juries, and society. In the Journal of SocialPhilosophy and Policy, Sehulhofer reflects onthe influence of male-oriented criminal lawon the outcomes of rape cases."Rape law, from a woman's perspective,would be interpreted and applied differentlythan it is today," he says. "There wouldn't bethe presumption in many cases that a womanwas drunk or promiscuous, and' deserved it. 'The law would consider more subtle forms ofintimidation. Experiencing these situationsfrom a woman's point of view, society wouldsee how intimidating it would feel to be has­sled, propositioned, and pressured." Rapeconvictions would go up, he predicts, and, as"women had less a sense of futility in. the trialprocess, more women would come forwardand report rape to police. "The California case exemplifies a hotly con­tested issue between the sexes: consent in sex­ual intercourse. "When does 'no' mean'no'?" Schulhofer asks, a question that fre­quently comes up in cases of date rape. "Thelegal system must do a better job of spellingthat out." Where feminists might argue thatno always means no, Schulhofer goes a stepfurther, asking, "Why is a no even necessary?Why should the absence of refusal automati­cally mean consent?"Then, Schulhofer says, the issue becomeswhen does "yes" actually mean "yes"? Andwhere does the issue of force fit in? Schulho­fer says that courts usually define a forcedrape as the result of "a very aggressive act-aUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 35gun or knife held to the throat." But "otherforms of verbal or physical intimidation aretreated as behavior that can be resisted, thusreflecting a male view." While courts don't in­sist that women physically resist a rape at­tempt, he says, "they assume that if a womanis not physically threatened, her submission isan act of free will. "Schulhofer asserts that, although a decadeago states made substantive reforms in wom­en's rape and abuse laws, in practice, little haschanged. "What is meant by force and intimi­dation isn't easy to capture in legal doctrine, "he says. "There's frequently a lag between lawand how society responds to it." Whichcomes first? he asks. "Does society change itsviews on what it will and won't accept, andthen put that into law? Or is the law the impe­tus for changing society?"Schulhofer hopes his suggested modifica­tions will encourage fresh debate on some ofthese controversial issues. "Gender questionsneed to be taken more seriously by scholarsand the courts," Schulhofer says. "Notionsof consent, force, and fraud all need anoverhaul."Bigger is BetterA NEW SYSTEM ro TEST AIDS DRUGSmay be on the horizon. The idea is tohold huge clinical trials, where tens ofthousands of individuals could help answer afew important questions.The new trials would contrast sharply withthe typical government-backed AIDS drugtrial, which, explains statistician Paul Meier,"attempts to assemble a homogeneous popu­lation, and study it in great detail." Such ho­mogeneity, says Meier, the Ralph and MaryOtis Isham Distinguished Service Professorof statistics, pharmacology, physical sci­ences, and medicine, "is supposed to makethe answers more precise." Studies of 30 pa­tients rather than 300 may be more manage­able, he admits, but such trials "take a longtime, are expensive, involve few patients, andyou have to see large effects for the trial toprove anything. "Meier, who sits on Food and Drug Adminis­tration and National Institutes of Health com­mittees that evaluate AIDS drug testing, iscampaigning for a change. He advocates"large, simple trials that involve nearly any­one who wants to get therapy." Meier claimsthat "if a drug is promising enough to enter[final] Phase III clinical trials, all candidatesfor its use should be eligible for a study." Theadvantage of such a study is that it "wouldtreat patients while allowing researchers toget reliable information."Several years ago, Meier says, AIDS activ­ists began to clamor for greater access to36 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 experimental drugs, particularly for those pa­tients who couldn't take AZT, the only fed­erally approved anti-AIDS medication. Thisprompted the FDA to offer an alternative: a"parallel track" program for the experimen­tal drug dideoxyinosine (ddl). Though nearly14,000 people have received ddl over the last18 months-fewer than 100 patients had beentaking ddl in the normal government trials­little information, Meier says, has been gath­ered on the drug's safety and effectiveness."In my view," he says, "that's foolish."Meier is among those who contend thatbroader clinical trials would solve problemsof access and information. Rather than put­ting patients through elaborate testing, physi­cians would simply observe a range of symp­toms, such as antibody levels, the appearanceof opportunistic diseases, the onset of demen­tia-and whether patients got better or worse.Because somewhat effective AIDS treatmentsalready exist, such trials wouldn't involve pla­cebos. Says Meier: "We think we can gatherenough data, cheaply and reliably enough, togive us answers without having to invest inlabor-intensive, expensive government meth­ods." He and other researchers are workingon designing such studies for governmentpolicymakers to consider.Recent studies, Meier claims, have alreadyproven the value of large trials. He cites anumber of European studies of heart diseasepatients, conducted over the past two years, asmodels of what he is urging for AIDS re­search. One study by Oxford University re­searchers compared the effects of three bloodclot-dis sol ving drugs in some 46,000 patientsin 16 countries. The work showed little differ­ence in the effectiveness of the drugs in stav­ing off early death after a heart attack. A sub­sequent study by an Italian group showedsimilar results. Researchers will soon begin alarge-scale study in China that will look at therole of vitamins in preventing spina bifida.Meier expects that the first larger AIDS trialin the U. S. would probably be funded by theFDA or the NIH. He also expects some oppo­sition from government traditionalists whoclaim the standard methods are the only validtesting techniques. But AIDS activists­many of whom initially decried large trials ascompeting with existing federal expanded­release programs for drugs, patients, and fi­nancial backing-have changed their tune:frustrated by the lack of clear-cut results fromgovernment ddl studies, they now supportlarge, simple trials.Meier admits that some important detailsneed to be worked out, including how to col­lect data "without burdening the personalphysician." Still, he concludes, "Large, sim­ple trials aren't panaceas, but they offer op­portunities in many areas that we're notmeeting." Wendy Doniger: Gathering world myths.Voluminous Myths"I T WAS SUPPOSED ro BE A LITTLE THINGI would dash off, " Wendy Doniger toldthe University's newspaper, the Chron­icle, recently, reflecting on ten years spentguiding a dozen graduate students and profes­sional translators through 2,000 pages of 395original essays by 100 French scholars. Theresult: two volumes comprising a compre­hensive encyclopedia of world mythologies.Once available only in French, now, thanks toDoniger, the Mircea Eliade Professor in theDivinity School, Yves Bonnefoy's 1981 Die­tionnaire des Mythologies has been reborn inEnglish as Mythologies.While Bonnefoy's work was arranged inA-to-Z dictionary style, Doniger's version­published by the University of Chicago Press-is arranged by geography and culture.Doniger also added an introductory sectionon mythology's meaning and methodology.Mythology aficionados should have plentyto keep them busy. The encyclopedia's firstvolume covers the myths of Africa; the an­cient Near East; the Celts, Norse, Slavs, Cau­casians, and their neighbors; Greece; andRome. Volume two includes Westerncivilization in the Christian era; South Asia,Iran, and Buddhism; Southeast Asia, EastAsia, and Inner Asia; the Americas; and theSouth Pacific.While Mythologies-which attempts to ex­plain, among other things, the meaning ofmyths and their roles in different societies­may be the subject's definitive scholarly tome,it's hardly the final word. "What Mythologiesmakes so unmistakably clear," Doniger con­cluded, "is that each culture looks at theworld differently."Compiled by Steven I. Benowitzlumni ChronicleWanted: a few great olumni 1991-92 centennial year-and it starts withyour nominations.To be eligible, a nominee must have attend­ed the University (and no longer be in resi­dence). Awards fall into six categories:The Alumni Medal is given for extraordi­nary distinction in one's professional field andfor extraordinary service to society. No morethan one individual may receive this award inany given year.The University Alumni Service Medal rec­ognizes extended extraordinary service to theUniversity. Again, only one such award maybe given each year.The Professional Achievement Citation (upQuick, what do these five men have in com­mon? Lien Chan, AM'61, PhD'65. Leon 0.Jacobson, MD'39. Joseph B. Kirsner,PhD'42. RobertL. Payton, AM'54. MauriceR. Hilleman, PhD'44.They form part of a distinguished line ofalumni who have been awarded the Universi­ty's Alumni Medal, the highest award that theAlumni Association confers .. They're alsopart of a larger group: over the past 50 years,the outstanding achievements of 1 ,042 alumnihave been honored by the Alumni Associationduring Reunion.That tradition will continue during the to eight may be awarded each year) recog­nizes alumni whose vocational attainmentshave brought distinction to themselves andcredit to the University, as well as a real bene­fit to society.The Public Service Citation (up to eight peryear) honors alumni for creative citizenshipand exemplary leadership in volunteerservice.The Alumni Service Citation (again, up toeight per year) recognizes outstanding ser­vice to the University.The Young Alumni Service Citations are anew category. To be awarded for the first timeduring the 1992 centennial celebration, theYoung Alumni Service Citations (up to fourmay be awarded) acknowledge and encourageservice to the University by alumni aged 35and younger.To receive a nomination form, write to theAwards Committee, Robie House, 5757Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, orcall 3121702-2160. Your completed nomina­tions should reach the association's awardscommittee, which reviews and evaluates theinformation on each nominee, no later thanOctober 15, 1991.Chicago 'on the silver screenThree centennial-year film projects will soonbe making the rounds of alumni groups na­tionwide. A nostalgic, music-filled slideshow of the University's past had its premiereduring the April meeting of the Alumni Boardof Governors-before an audience of profes­sors, alumni, and students who participated inits making.Another documentary, The Tale of Two Cit­ies, is being prepared by history professorNeil B. Harris; it looks at the fledging U niver­sity and its next-door neighbor on the Mid­way, the Columbian Exposition of 1893. Athird documentary will focus on current Uni­versity research. All three presentations willbe circulating to alumni groups during thecoming year-for more information, watchyour local club mailings.IUC Day planningThis year's version of International Universi­ty of Chicago Day will be celebrated on Satur­day, September 14-which means that thetime to start planning an event in your U of Coutpost is now.Even if you don't live in a community with alocal alumni club, you might use mc Day as achance to gather U of C alumni, parents, andfriends for a back-to-school celebration. Ifyou'd like to know more, or to find out aboutthe types of events that have worked well inprevious years, contact Michael Watson at theAlumni Association, 3121702-2155.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 37lass News"No news is good news" is one cliche to which wedo not subscribe at the Magazine. Please send someof your news to the Class News Editor, University ofChicago Magazine, 5757 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago,IL 60637. No engagements, please. Items may beedited for space.23 Violet Feilchenfeld Himmel, X'23, re­ceived the Rosenthal Award from MichaelReese Hospital in January 1990, and was inducted intothe Chicago Senior Citizens' Hall of Fame by MayorRichard Daley in May 1990.26 Margaret Pittman, SM'26, PhD'29, re­ceived the 1990 Alice Evans Award, present­ed by the American Society of Microbiology. She wasalso honored with a professional achievement awardby the University of Chicago Club of Washington,DC, last June.27 Ralph Tyler, PhD'27, see 1947, GervaisFord.28 Robert Faris, PhB'28, AM'30, PhD'31,and his wife, Clara Guignard Faris,AM'31, recently moved to a home for retired educa­tors in Seattle. Bob was a professor of sociology at theUniversity of Washington for many years. CarolHurd Cooley Preucil, PhB'28, AM'52, writes thatsince becoming a professor emeritus of the Universityof Illinois at Chicago she has "done nothing to bragabout, " but she maintains her interest in health and in­ternational issues, supporting AIDS research andUNICEF.29 John M. Jackson, SB'29, PhD'32, and hiswife, Betty, planned to cruise the PanamaCanal in late January to celebrate their 60th weddinganniversary.31 Clara Guignard Faris, AM'31, see 1928,Robert Faris. George Hecker, PhB'31,JD'33, and his wife, Janet Robins Hecker, X'33,celebrated their 55th wedding anniversary in 1990.George received the Jewish National Fund's Tree ofLife Award and Israel's Red Cross Society Awardfor his lifetime achievements with both groups.Josephine Matson Hunter, PhB'31, CLA'31, ranher son's tutorial service for him while he underwent asuccessful bone marrow transplant.32 In January, Marquette University announceda civic internship named after Norman Gill,PhB' 32, to be granted to an undergraduate or graduatestudent interested in local government. Gill, theMcBeath Senior Research Scholar at Marquette'sBradley Institute for Democracy and Public Values,has been active in Milwaukee politics throughout hiscareer. Kenneth Landon, AM'32, PhD'38, CLA'38,and his wife, Margaret, have donated their papers andpersonal libraries on Southeast Asia to Wheaton Col­lege. Margaret is the author of Anna and the King ofSiam, which later became the hit musical The Kingand I. Kenneth, whose interest in Thailand beganwhen he was a missionary there, has written threebooks on the area.Nathaniel Reich, MD'32, a doctor in Brooklyn,NY, for the past 60 years, has written three medicaltextbooks, held solo art shows at museums across38 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 the country, and was included in the American PoetryAssociation's list of the best new poets of 1989.33 Albert Galvani, PhB'33, is retired as CEOof Donovan-Galvani of Dallas, TX. Asdirec­tor of the Dallas Chamber of Commerce, he co­chaired a committee which created a citywide com­munity college system and an employment-orientedmagnet high school. Janet Robins Hecker, X'33, see1931, George Hecker. John Morris, X'33, led a Parispacifist group marching for peace in the Persian Gulflast fall. Rosa-Hall Baldwin Randall, PhB'33, see1947, F. S. Randall.34 Dominic Bernardi, SB'34, SM'35,PhD'38, and his wife, Bruna, served as vol­unteers in Nairobi, Kenya, for the International Exec­utive Service Corps. Dominic worked with a printingink manufacturer to improve product quality. EdwardNovak, PhB'34, and his wife celebrated their 53rd an­niversary in 1990; he has been retired for 13 years andis "enjoying every minute of it." Harold Petering,SB'34, continues to do research on environmentalbiochemistry, nutrition, and toxicology. YvonneKimball Puffer, PhB'34, lives on the same street aswhen she graduated, but still loves to travel, especiallyon the QEII cruise ship. Californian Marie HowlandVan Dyke, PhB'34, wrote in January that she had herfingers crossed against "the big one," and sends herbest to her classmates.3 5 Charles Asher, SB '35, and his wife, Helen,celebrated their 50th anniversary in July1990, shortly after returning from a European tour.An article by geologist Harold Scott, PhD'35, dis­cussing the importance of oil to the American andglobal economies, appeared in the Champaign (IL)News Gazette in February. Kitty Crouse Szeftel,X'35, see 1936, Dorothy Troubetzkoy.36 Dorothy Ulrich Troubetzkoy, AB'36, wonthe Conrad Aiken Prize from the Poetry So­ciety of Georgia and the Rosalie Boyle Prize from theNew England Poetry Club last year, and was recentlypublished in the Christian Science Monitor. She andKittyCrouseSzeftel, X'35, went on the 1990 alumnicruise to Yugoslavia, Greece, and Istanbul.37 Mary Alice Duddy, AB'37, SM'39, lives inBrazil, where she operates a small freeschool. Ruth Shapiro Kadish, AB'37, received theSilver Spur Award from the San Francisco Planning &Research Association in honor of her contributions to"the quality of life and economic vitality" of the city.Felix Ocko, MD'37, was president of the Friends ofOakland Public Library last year. Cody Pfanstiehl,X'37, and his wife, Margaret, work in the field of au­dio description-the art of describing the non-verbalaspects of a film or television program to the blind.In November, Margaret received an Emmy for herwork on these techniques. Matthew Welsh, JD'37,who was governor ofIndiana from 1961 to 1965, hasbeen reelected a member of the board of trustees forthe Indianapolis Foundation, a community serviceorganization.38 Miriam Parkinson Peterson, AB'38, livesin Houston, TX, but travels frequently-thisyear to Hawaii, the Caribbean, Russia, and southwest Asia. William Scott, PhD'38, MD'39, was honorarychair for the second Intestinal Symposium on RecentAdvances in Urological Cancer Diagnosis and Treat­ment, held in Paris last June.From 1979 to 1987, Murray Senkus, PhD'38,worked in Indonesia for the International ExecutiveService Corps; now he is a chemistry consultant forthe North Carolina law firm Womble Carlyle. J.M.Sivesind, AB'38, and his wife, Eleanor, visited fami­ly in Norway and friends in Scotland and Wales lastsummer.39 Daniel Glaser, AB'39, AM'47, PhD'54,professor emeritus of sociology at the Uni­versity of Southern California, received the 1990August Vollmer Award for distinguished contribu­tions to criminological practice.40 The Bay Area Tumor Institute has created aCancer Education Fund named in honor ofJack Carlson, AB'40, and his wife, Elise Carlson,SB' 40; it recognizes the couple's long years of serviceto the Bay Area community. Bundhit Kantabutra,MBA' 40, has retired as consulting actuary for theAyudhaya Life Insurance Company in Thailand andnow is "spending more leisure time on the golfcourse."41 Retired University of Pennsylvania profes­sor Mary Elisabeth Coleman, AM'41,PhD' 45, is active in a church Food Share program andservices in the nursing unit of the retirement homewhere she lives. James Lawson, AB' 41, carillonneurof Rockefeller Chapel from 1953 to 1960, has been ap­pointed first carillonneur of the Crystal CathedralCarillon in California.42 James Burtle, AB'42, AM'48, has beenap­pointed senior adviser to the foreign ex­change service of Wharton Econometric Forecast­ing Associates in Bala-Cynwyd, PA. Since retiringfrom Pan Am in 1971, Robert Smith, AB'42, hasbeen working to develop tourist facilities in LatinAmerica, particularly in Costa Rica. Edward Stern­berg, MBA' 42, sponsors a Fund for Immunology Re­search in his name at St. Vincent's Hospital in Sydney,Australia.44 Anna Shaefer Leopold, PhB'44, AM'62,and Lou Leopold, X'47, are co-chairs of theAllegheny Ridge State Heritage Park task force, over­seeing the development of a park in the railroad corri­dor between Altoona and Windber, PA.45 Dorothy �lin�, AM'45, a lon�time teacherat the University of New MeXICO, was fea­tured in a 1990 issue of Albuquerque Woman for her in­volvement in city and state politics. Helmut Hirsch,PhD' 45, has donated his library to the Heinrich HeineInstitute in Dusseldorf, Germany. Frederick Nims,PhD'45, received the 1991 Aiken Taylor Prize formodern American poetry, awarded by the SewaneeReview.46 Curtis Crawford, PhB'46, DB'51, is activein SEARCH, an educational and culturalcenter in Charlottesville, VA. Judith Joseph Fiedler,PhB' 46, see 1947, Fred Fiedler. As a Phi Beta KappaVisiting Scholar for 1990-91, University ofPennsyl­vania professor Charles Kahn, AB'46, AM'49,traveled to the universities of South Carolina andTexas, Rhodes and Oberlin colleges, and Kansas StateUniversity.47 David Dennis, AB'47, still works full timefor IBM Corp., having completed his 45thyear with the company. At a recent conference inKyoto, Japan, University of Washington psychologyprofessor Fred Fiedler, AM' 47, PhD' 49, was electedpresident of the organizational division of the Interna­tional Association for Applied Psychology. In Febru­ary, he was honored at the Claremont-McKenna Col­lege Leadership Conference for 40 years ofleadershipresearch. His wife, Judith Joseph Fiedler, PhB'46,recently retired as a research sociologist from GroupHealth Cooperative of Puget Sound.Gervais Ford, AM'47, has retired from San JoseState University, where he served for nearly 40 years.He keeps in touch with Ned Flanders, AM'47,PhD'49; Hamilton Howard, AM'47, PhD'50; JohnGoodlad, PhD' 49, and Ralph Tyler, PhD '27, all ofwhom are in education on the West Coast. Bob Gem­mer, DB' 4 7, had a street named for him in the Immo­kalee (FL) Habitat in recognition for his work withHabitat for Humanity. He is also a vice president forthe St. Petersburg branch of the NAACP.Bostonian Leota Long Janke, PhD'47, writes,"There is a lot of me still at Chicago." Lou Leopold,X'47, see 1944, Anna Shaefer Leopold. RichardLieber, AB'47, notes, "No news (at my age) is goodnews." Shelby Light, DB'47, completed 60 years inthe parish ministry in February. He is currently a min­ister at the First Congregational Church of LongBeach, CA. Norman Macht, PhB'47, lives in Ne­wark, DE, where in the past two years he has writtennine biographies for children on celebrities from San­dra Day 0' Connor to Babe Ruth. He is also chair of theOral History Committee of the Society for AmericanBaseball Research.Joseph Minsky, PhB'47, JD'51, is a Chicago attor­ney specializing in immigration law; he is enjoyingCourt Theatre productions since he moved to thesouthwest suburbs. F. S. Randall, AB'47, BLS'48,has been retired since 1974. He and his wife, Rosa­Hall Baldwin Randall, PhB'33, live in Carbondale,IL. Sheldon Shalett, PhB'47, hasn't retired; he's"having too much fun working and not old enough toquit!" Duncan Scott, AB'47, says he would havemore leisure time if he were working full time ratherthan volunteering. Robert Tetu, AB' 4 7, of Lee's Sum­mit, MO, observes, ''As the years go by, myapprecia­tion for a U of C degree grows."48 Jerald C. Brauer, PhD'48, the NaomiShenstone Donnelley Professor in the Divin­ity School, is now a trustee emeritus of Carthage Col­lege in Kenosha, WI. Martin Ostwald, AM'48, clas­sics professor at Swarthmore College, received theCharles A. Goodwin Award of Merit from the Ameri­can Philological Society for his book, From PopularSovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law. He is on leavethis year studying in Paris and at the Institute for Ad­vancedStudy in Princeton. Ralph Wood, AB'48, wasrecently appointed chair of the board of trustees of theRTA Pension Fund in Chicago.49 John Goodlad, PhD'49, see 1947, GervaisFord. Norman Karlin, JD'49, a law profes­sor at Southwestern University in Los Angeles, wasrecognized as an "Outstanding Friend" for his com­mitment to the school. Robert Plane, SM'49,PhD' 51, was appointed interim president of WellsCollege in Aurora, NY, in February. EleanorSheldon, PhD'49, received a distinguished alumnaaward from the University of North Carolina at Chap­el Hill for her work in sociology.50 Charles Cohn, AB'50, SM'53, PhD'57, see1951, Margaret Hunt Cohn. Barry Tax- man, AM'SO, has finished a 13-year stint improvis­ing, composing, and performing music for the modemdance program at the University of California atBerkeley. He continues to teach and compose there.51 Margaret Hunt Cohn, AM'SI, and herhusband, Charles Cohn, AB'50, SM'53,PhD'57, are both retired; between travels, Charlesteaches adult education workshops and Margaretwrites poetry, which will be published in three literarymagazines this year.Abraham Falick, MBA' 51, retired as president ofNavigator Press, is currently chair of the Los AngelesCoalition for Rapid Transit, president of the UCLAFriends of Geography, and a Rotary Club committeechair. Abner Mikva, JD'51, has been named chiefjudge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for Washington,DC. Janell Haworth Munn, AM'51, director ofmental health services for the Los Angeles UnifiedSchool district, received the Contribution to YouthAward from the University of Northern Colorado.Morton Schagrin, AB'SI, SB'52, AM'S3, deliveredthe 18th annual Kasling lecture at the State Universityof New York College at Fredonia. G.J. Wasserburg,SB'51, SM'52, PhD'S4, a professor at California In­stitute of Technology, received the Gold Medal fromthe Royal Astronomical Society in January. The writ­ings of acclaimed haiku poet John Wills, AM' 51, areexamined in a 1990 University of Oregon dissertation.52 Richard Carlsson, AB'52, is vice presidentfor an insurance company in Menlo Park,CA. He and his wife have two children and one grand­child. Virgil Matthews, SM'52, PhD'55, is chairof the chemistry department at West Virginia StateCollege.54 Bruce Larkin, AB'54, a politics professorat the University of California-Santa Cruz,was a visiting professor at Meiji Gakuin University inJapan this past spring.55 Charles Horngren, PhD'55, a businessprofessor at Stanford, was named to theAmerican Accounting Association's Hall of Fame lastAugust. Rafael Martinez, AM'55, a retired UnitedMethodist minister, received the Alumnus Award forSpecialized Ministry from Iliff School of Theology inDenver. Jan Narveson, AB'S5, AB'56, is a philoso­phy professor at the University of Waterloo in Ontarioand in 1989 was a visiting research scholar at Bow lingGreen State University, He also arranges concerts forthe Kitchener- Waterloo Chamber Music Society, fre­quently held in the home where he lives with his wifeand two children. See also Books.56 Stephen Fitch, AB'56, runs his own techni­cal publications business and serves as aconsultant. He and his wife and daughter live in PaloAlto, CA.57 Joseph Kiser, MD'57, chief cardiovascularsurgeon for the Children's Heart Fund inMinneapolis, received an Ellis Island Medal of Honorfor his work with children suffering from cardiacdisease.58 Alice Holste Lonsdale, SB'58, earned herdoctorate in psychology in December andhas a private practice in Beverly Hills, CA. RobertPuckett, AM'58, PhD'61, a political science profes­sor at Indiana University, was appointed by the Secre­tary of the Navy to a four-year term on the advisoryboard of the Naval War College. Robert Wellington,MBA'58, retired as chairman and CEO of Amsted In­dustries in September 1990. He continues as a directorfor the company.59 c. David Peebles, JD'59, has a law practicein Fort Wayne, IN. 60 Blair Ewing, AM' 60, a director for the De­fense Department, received the Distin­guished Service Award in October and �he Meritori­ous Senior Executive Rank Award in January for hiswork in management improvement. He is also presi­dent of the Montgomery County (MD) Board of Edu­cation and had an article published in Reflections onEthics.A. E. NyemaJones, SM'60, PhD'62, and his fami­ly were forced to flee from their home in Liberia dur­ing the country's recent civil war. He writes, ''Al­though we were exposed to flying bullets and rocketsduring the fighting and lost everything at our home,we are grateful to God for sparing our lives." Theyare currently living safely in Sierra Leone. GilbertMiller, AB'60, DB'63, recently served as pastor ofthe Vienna Community Church in Austria.Hugh Plunkett, AB'60, AM'64, works as deputychief of agriculture and rural development for a U.S.agency in Nepal, supervising projects in natural re­source and environmental management. ''A politicalanthropologist's, dream job!" he writes. MarjorieSenechal, SB'60, a mathematics professor at SmithCollege, is a contributor to a new book on mathemat­ics education. She discusses new ways of teaching ge­ometry, by integrating art and science. Corrine Stith,AB'60, is a senior planner and manager for IBM'sSanta Teresa Laboratory. Joan Zajtchuk, SB'60,MD'66, a colonel in the Army Medical Corps, re­ceived a distinguished service award from the Ameri­can Academy of Otolaryngology. She was honored forher volunteer service and spiritual commitment inVietnam, Latin America, and on U.S. Indian reserva­tions. Daniel Zetland, AB'60, AM'62, and his wife,Frances Klein Zetland, AB' 62, waited out Scud mis­sile attacks in their adopted homeland of Israel andwrote in February that they looked forward to "peacein our time."61 Robert Kern, AM'61, PhD'66, see 1977,Susan Brake.62 Larry Bowman, AB'62, AM'65, head ofthe department of political science at theUniversity of Connecticut, spent a 1990 sabbatical atthe University of Bristol in England. See also Books.H. Ted Davis, PhD'62, head of the department ofchemical engineering and materials science at theUniversity of Minnesota in Minneapolis, received theAmerican Association of Chemical Engineers' 1990William Walker Award for his contributions to thefield. Arthur Meinzer, AB'62, is a psychologist­psychoanalyst practicing in NY and NJ. He and hiswife, also a psychologist, spend August "adventur­ing" in India and in Southeast Asia. Frances KleinZetland, AB'62, see 1960, Daniel Zetland.63 Valerie Dalwin Etra, SB'63, MAT'65, is ahigh school chemistry teacher in Ma­moroneck, NY. She led a seminar at the Institute forNew Teachers of Regents Chemistry in 1990 andserves on her temple's board of trustees. MartinGorovsky, AB '63, PhD' 68, has been named the RushRhees Professor of Biology at the UNiversity of Roch­ester. He chairs the department. Stanley Quanbeck,MD' 63, has been a Lutheran missionary in Madagas­car since 1965. His four children are now all in collegeand graduate school in the U. S. William Schaar,MBA'63, is corporate vice president for strategy anddevelopment and controller for Armco, Inc. BruceSchoumacher, MBA' 63, JD' 66, a partner at the Chi­cago law firm of Querry & Harrow, was named a fel­low of the American College of Construction Lawyersin February.64 George Calef, SB'64' is doing research onelephant migrations in Botswana, Africa.Jan Howard Finder, SM' 64, is a guidance counselorat the Army Education Center at Fort Drum, NY, andUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 39will be an honored guest at the 1993 Science FictionConvention in San Francisco. Mildred Ford, X'64,was honored by the American Association ofUniver­sity Women in 1990.Edward Radatz, AM'64, received an individualservice award from the North American Associationfor Environmental Education. He is currently treasur­er of Caretakers of the Environment International.David Scott, SM'64, immunology professor at theUniversity of Rochester, helped organize the NationalLife Sciences Conference, held in Racine, WI, in ear­ly February. Adeline Jiwanmall Vanderpool,AM' 64, has three children and is a trainer and consult­ant in child and family services.65 William Beaver, MBA'65, PhD'65, an ac­counting professor at Stanford, received theOutstanding Educator Award from the American Ac­counting Association in August. Joseph Golant,10'65, is a partner at the international law firm ofMorgan, Lewis & Bockius, specializing in patents,trademarks, and copyrights. Frank Minton, AM'65,PhD'69, received the 1991 distinguished serviceaward from District 8 of the Council for the Advance­ment and Support of Education. Formerly director ofplanned giving for the University of Washington,Frank is now a vice president for Pentera, a consultingfirm. Michael Yesner, AB'65, MBA'67, is a seniorvice president in the Milwaukee office of Laurence,Charles, Free & Lawson, an advertising agency.66 Hendrik de Jong, AB'66, 10'69, is a part­ner with Latham & Watkins, a Los Angeleslaw firm. Judith Friedlander, AB'66, AM'69,PhD'73, is an anthropology professor and Dean of theSocial Sciences at Hunter College. See also Books.Jeffrey Kobrick, AB'66, was a visiting professor atHarvard Law School during the '90-'91 school year.Chicago lawyer George Ranney, JD'66, a trustee ofthe University, has been named to the board of direc­tors for the MacArthur Foundation. Suzanne DeflghSaberhagen, AB' 66, a small orchardist, is vice presi­dent of the North Central Audubon Society and is tak­ing art courses at Wenatchee Valley College in Wash­ington state.Donald Shaughnessy, MBA'66 , and his wife,Mary, recently returned from Grenada, where he wasserving as a volunteer for the International ExecutiveService Corps. Donald, retired president of Armourand Company, helped a meat processor there establisha marketing operation and better quality control pro­cedures. John Valentine, MBA'66, has been in Singa-40 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 pore working for Caltex Ltd. since 1989.67 David Finkel, SM'67, PhD'71, is professorof computer science at Worcester Polytech­nic Institute. He was granted tenure in March. JacobGoldgraber, AB'67, see 1968, Elizabeth Leigh Gold­graber. James Edwards, AM'67, a philosophy pro­fessor at Furman University, was one of seven finalistsfor the 1990 South Carolina Governor's Professor ofthe Year Award. Lawrence Okamura, AM'67, assist­ant professor of ancient history at the University ofMissouri-Columbia, won a 1991 Provost's Outstand­ingJuniorFaculty Award. Debra Wolin, AB'67, is as­sociated with the New York City law firm of Snitow& Pauley. Beverly Yamour, SB'67, a doctor in Col­umbus, OH, is a fellow of the American College ofCardiology.68 Christopher Boardman, X'68, is afreelance writer, primarily of true detectivestories. He and his wife, Dianne, have two daughtersand live in Joppatowne, MD. Paul Burstein, AB'68,associate professor of sociology at the University ofWashington, won an NSF grant to study federal poli­cies affecting the relationship between home andwork. He and his wife, Florence Katz, had their thirdchild, Deborah, in 1990.Dennis Dingemans, AB'68, is an associate profes­sor of geography at the University of California­Davis. He received two distinguished teaching awardsin 1990: one from the academic senate of UC-Davis,and the other from the National Council for Geo­graphic Education. Elizabeth Leigh Goldgraber,AB'68, and her husband, Jacob, AB'67, live in Israelwith their three children. Liz, who is working on herpsychology doctorate from the University ofIndiana,is a school psychologist.69 David Bantz, AB'69, SM'73, PhD'77, andhis wife, Joan Leguard, AB'69, AM'71,PhD'77, have returned to Hyde Park, where David isnow director of Academic & Public Computing for theU of C. The couple has two daughters, Genevieve andDavida. John Calfee, AM'69, is an associate profes­sor of marketing at Boston University. Steuart De­war, AB' 69, is the founder of Dewar Information Sys­tems, a supplier of electronic publishing systems. Thecompany recently made INC stop 500 list of the fast­est growing U. S. firms.Ralph Hergert, AB'69, is pastor of Grace BaptistChurch in Somerville, MA; he and his wife have adaughter. Else Werno Hjertholm, AM'69, has re­tired from her position as head of the preschool sectionat Hamar Teaching College and lives at Dag Ham­marskjoldsv. 171 in Fyllingsdalen, Bergen, Norway.She would enjoy hearing from classmates.W. P. MacLean, PhD'69, has taught at the Univer­sity of the Virgin Islands for 21 years. He has been pro­vost at the school for the past five years and is currentlyhelping to develop a marine science institute. A. M.Maheshwari, PhD'69, has been appointed to a four­year term as vice chancellor of Cochin University ofScience and Technology in India. Jamie Myers,AB'69; his wife, Leika; and their three children havereturned to the United States from Israel. Jamie is nowpsychology administrator and clinical director at An­drew McFarland Mental Health Center in Spring­field, IL. Stephen Saine, MBA'69, is the vice presi­dent for finance and administration at Marine SpillResponse Corporation, a new non-profit organizationestablished to develop an effective response to oilspills. E. William S. Shipman, ThM'69, is a share­holder specializing in health care with the Detroit lawfirm of Butzel Long.70 Alfred Aman, JD'70, has been appointeddean of the law school at Indiana Universityat Bloomington. Hermann Braun, MBA'70, has leftSkil Corporation after 23 years to become president of a Netherlands-based division of Applied Power, Inc.Paul Cooper, MBA'70, is managing director forKnight-Ridder's financial information division in theU.S. Patricia Danzon, AM'70, PhD'73, became thefirst woman named to an endowed professorship at theWharton School of Business when she was appointedCelia Z. Moh Professor of health care systems. johnGueguen, PhD'70, a political science professor at Il­linois State University, received a $10,000 grant fromthe National Endowment for the Humanities to teach aseries of seminars to teachers at Northridge CollegePrep, a private high school in Des Plaines, IL. The as­sistant headmaster of Northridge, joseph Lechner,MST'79, was a student of John's at ISU and workedwith him on the grant proposal.H. Donald Hanson, MBA'70, is an executive vicepresident for Zurich-American Insurance Group,headquartered in Zurich. Donald Palumbo, AB'70,chair of the English department at Shippensburg Uni­versity, is also president of the International Associa­tion for the Fantastic in the Arts. Michael Tessman,AB'70, vicar at Trinity Episcopal Church in Water­bury, CT, has been working with an ecumenical groupto establish a residence for homeless persons withAIDS.71 William Bennett, MBA' 71 , has been namedIto DePaul University'S board of trustees.james Fearn, JD '71, an attorney with Tousley Brainof Seattle, was elected vice president of the board oftrustees for the Legal Foundation of Washington inFebruary. Daniel Hayman, AB'71 , MAT'73, see1973, Jeanne Bernhold Hayman. Sharon Keigher,AM'71, PhD'85, a professor of social workatthe Uni­versity of Michigan, is researching homelessness andhousing problems ofthe elderly. jane Morse, AB'71,and Arthur Kennickell, AB'71, AM'74, see 1979,Libby Morse. Agnes Ann Roach, AM'71, MBA'80,president of her own financial planning company inNorthbrook, IL, is a regional director for the nationalboard of the Institute of Certified Financial Planners.Lawrence Sipe, AB '71, is in his eleventh year as co­ordinator of early childhood education for the Port auxBasques Integrated School Board in Newfoundland,Canada. In November 1989, he was ordained a priestin the Anglican Church of Canada. Carl Sunshine,AB '71, is director of the computer science and tech­nology division of the Aerospace Corporation. DavidSweet, AM'71 , is a lawyer with the Harrisburg (PA)firm of Pepper, Hamilton, & Scheetz. He recently co­wrote an article published in the Dickinson Law Re­view. Raymond Urban, MBA' 71 , was named vicepresident at Duff & Phelps, a financial consultingcompany, in February. Jerry Webman, AB '71, hasbeen promoted to managing director for the PrudentialCapital Managing Group. The Black Phoenix Press,owned and operated by Michael Williams, AM'71,has decided to donate collector's edition art books toselected colleges, including the U of C.7 2 Charles Allen, MBA' 72 , president and CEOof Graistine Realty Advisers, was reelectedvice chairman of AAA Michigan in March. johnBeam, MBA'72, and his wife, Ruthie, are the parentsof John Jr., born January 16. John Sr. is president ofPelican Trading Co. Andy Segal, AB'72, see 1974,Ellen Mazer.73 Ellen Goldman Chernoff, AB'73, PhD'78,and her husband, Donald, SB'73, PhD'78,recently celebrated their 15th anniversary. Ellen is anassistant professor of biology at Indiana University­Purdue University at Indianapolis and Don is thepresident of an independent analytical laboratory,characterizing the surfaces of polymers, ceramics,glasses, and other solids.jeanne Bernhold Hayman, MAT' 73 , and her hus­band, Daniel, AB'71, MAT'73, had a daughter, Em-Watching WarReporting live from Saudi Arabia,CNN correspondent Charles Jacoexperienced the Persian Gulf warfirsthand.For two months last winter, the Unit­ed States watched in fear and fasci­nation as its young people fought awar halfway across the world. Glued to theirtelevision sets with morbid but intimate con­cern, armchair quarterbacks became sofagenerals.Many of those avid viewers were watchingCharles Jaco, AB'73, as he reported livefrom Saudi Arabia for CNN. They stared asthe award-winning correspondent duckedScud missile attacks, hastily donned his gasmask, and sometimes lost contact with thestateside bureau. According to Jaco, itwasn't that easy.Speaking in his now-familiar low and me­lodic voice, Jaco recounts his Saudi Arabianadventures with the same mixture of calmgravity and controlled excitement thatmarked his wartime broadcasts. The formernews director for Chicago radio stationWXRT explains that it was only chance thathe was the on-air correspondent at DhahranAir Base when the war broke. "There were anumber of others there, but as the luck of thedraw would have it, the rest were out oncombat pool-they were physically gone.So for the first week or so I was the only oneavailable to be on the air live, which is whyyou seemed to see me all the time. It couldhave been anyone else. But-it was me."The constant threat of missile attack,coupled with the nonstop activity of Alliedplanes, made sleep deprivation the worsthardship of Jaco's three-month shift. Thehotel where the press stayed was situated be­tween the two main runways of the air base."When the war first started I was gettingmaybe an hour of sleep a night. Then it wentup to two, then maybe five, but it was split upamong air raid alarms," Jaco says. "Onenight I got the best 45-minute sleep of my lifewhen I used my gas mask as a pillow andslept on two cardboard boxes."Lack of sleep proved no deterrent on themost dangerous-but most exhilarating­episode of Jaco's Persian Gulf stint, a 72-hour race to Kuwait City near the end of thewar. He and his CNN crew piled into fourjeeps and a flatbed truck, with their satelliteuplink. They taped orange cloth to the roofsof their vehicles to try to alert Allied air forces that they were friendly, although Jacoadmits, "At night, we looked for all theworld like a straggling Iraqi convoy." Theybribed and talked their way past Saudi road­blocks, rode awkwardly over broken sec­tions of road, wove through fields of minesand unexploded shells, and arrived in adarkened, silent Kuwait City-ten hours be­fore the first Allied troops.Kuwaiti resistance forces provided securi­ty for the CNN team as it went live, first bytelephone and then with video. And by astroke of fortune, Jaco and his crew just hap­pened to be there when the Allies rolled in.As Jaco describes it: "It was pitch black inKuwait City, thick, oil haze mixed with rain.We were on live, and all of a sudden we seeheadlights approaching. So I said to thecameraman, let's turn the camera aroundslowly-and it was the first Allied troopscoming into the city. We stop the convoy, theKuwaiti lieutenant in the lead jeep hops out,and he's got the flag in his hand to raise overindependent Kuwait. "Jaco attributes the decisiveness of the U. S.war effort largely to the effectiveness of itssoldiers. "The grunts I dealt with-Marines,the army-were unfailingly professional, un­failingly polite, and very straightforward.They were quietly determined."On a less positive note, the environmentalscene inside Kuwait, according to Jaco, wasclose to apocalyptic. "It was positively bib­lical. At three in the afternoon it would be asblack as midnight from the oil smoke whichmixed with the rain. The Marines would usetheir heat -sensing night scopes to see, it wasso black. With the naked eye you could only see five feet." Jaco himself returned to theU.S. with a vicious bronchial infection.His Persian Gulf experience changed Ja­co's life in a number of ways. His namequickly became familiar to those tuned inback home. However, Jaco downplays hissudden celebrity, saying, "People have beenvery nice and polite and supportive. ButI figure I have about 12 minutes of my 15[allotted for fame by Andy Warhol] left.I'm not under any illusion that this ispermanent." .More lasting should be a change the warbrought in his personal life: between bombblasts, he asked Pat Neal, CNN's Cairo bu­reau chief, to marry him. "There's nothinglike coming close to the edge two or threetimes to concentrate one's mind wonderful­ly, " he says. His proposal was guaranteed tosweep any good foreign correspondent offher feet: "The second or third night of thewar, we'd taken three airbursts over ourheads, and I called her and said, 'I'm 0. K. , Ilove you, I want to marry you, oops, moreincoming, gotta go, bye.'" At the end of hisrotation he went to Cairo to repeat the offer,and Neal accepted.Despite the gravity of the situation, thedangers, the frustration, and the physical ex­haustion' there is no doubt that Charles Jacoenjoyed his role in Saudi Arabia as only aforeign correspondent could. His descrip­tion of Kuwait City says it all: "Blackenedbuildings, silence in the streets; we couldonly hear the hiss of our own tires, gunfire inthe distance. We'd come around a corner andsee a truck on its side, still burning. And it'spitch black. God, it was fun." -J. C.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 41Back front BruneiChristina Gomez used her LuceScholarship to learn about highereducation in Asia.When Christina Gomez, AB '85,MBA' 87, a doctoral student in so­ciology at Harvard University,sees a notice announcing a lecture or acourse on an Asian-related topic, she stopsand takes a second look. It's something shewouldn't have done two years ago.That was before Gomez spent the 1989-90academic year working at the University ofBrunei as a Luce Scholar. The Luce Scholarprogram began in 1974 as a way to give "fu­ture leaders" a chance to work for a year inan Asian country. There's an important re­quirement: candidates for the fellowshipsmust have a bachelor's degree in any fieldexcept Asian studies or international affairs.Gomez, who was a Romance languages andliteratures major as a Chicago undergradu­ate, qualified.Gomez first became interested in universi­ty issues and administration while at the Uof C. After working as assistant dean of stu­dents, she wanted to compare university ad­ministration at an overseas school with42 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 what she'd learned about the workings of anAmerican research university.At the University of Brunei, Gomezworked as a consultant to the dean of studentaffairs, mainly helping to draft proposalsfor the career and personal counsel­ing office. In particular, she ran a coun­seling group for women, leading a collec­tion of 15 students in discussions about cur­rent issues in women's health, dating, andmarriage. Gomez also served as an adviserfor student activities-which, she says,were similar to those at the U of C-and evenled aerobics classes. "I think studentsacross the world want to learn and get a goodeducation," she notes, "but they also wantto have fun."Brunei, an Islamic country about the sizeof Delaware with a population of 250,000,shares the Pacific island of Borneo with Ma­laysia and Indonesia. Brunei "was my firstcontact with an Islamic country," Gomezsays. "I learned a lot about Islam and theMuslim people." Because of her experiencewith an Islamic nation, Gomez found thatshe had a better understanding of the gulfwar and the issues it involved.Gomez also says that she has a much betteridea of Asia from her stay in Brunei. West­erners, she believes, tend to use the term''Asia'' in a stereotypical sense, usually bas­ing their ideas on what they know about Chi­na. Yet, she says, "It's a very diverse areawhich includes many countries very differ­ent from one another. Asia is certainly morethan China."Indeed, one of the goals of the Luce pro­gram is to expand the cultural awareness ofthe participants. Gomez, for example,found that she had to modify her Americandirectness to match the more reserved sty Ieof the Brunei workplace.After her employment at the University ofBrunei ended, Gomez traveled through Ja­pan, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, andThailand. One of the highlights of her tripcame in Malaysia, where she visited one ofthree orangutan sanctuaries in the world.Established in 1964, the sanctuary providesorangutans who have gone into shock be­cause of the deforestation of their nativehabitats with a place to be rehabilitated toforest life.There's a hint of her Brunei experience inher future plans: after earning her Ph.D.,Gomez wants to teach and do research oneducation-specifically, how ethnicityplays a role in education. And yes, she seesworking in university administration as a"possibility" in her future.-Jeanette Harrison, '93 ily Elizabeth, in January. Richard Hood, AM'73, isan assistant professor of English at Denison Universi­ty. Harry Lipner, AB '73, MBA'74, a lawyer in Glen­view, IL, has been elected to the boards of directors forHarris Bank-Argo in Summit and Harris Bank -OrlandPark. StephenSoiffer, AM'73, PhD'8I, will begin ajob as vice president for enrollment at Clark U niversi­ty in June.74 Dan Cornfield, AB'74, AM'77, PhD'80,and his wife, Hedy Weinberg, AM'77, hadtheir first child, Hannah Arie Cornfield, in April1990. Dan is an associate professor of sociology atVanderbilt and Hedy is executive director for theACLU of Tennessee. See also Books. Mildred Culp,AM '74, PhD '76, has created a health and lifestyle fea­ture called "WorkWise," to be aired on the BusinessRadio Network. Steven Harris, SM'74, PhD'79, isassociate professor of mathematics at St. Louis Uni­versity. Tsu-Koon Koh, AM'74, PhD'77, see 1984,Seng Yeoh.John Laing, PhD'74, is now principal scientist atXerox Corporation in Rochester, NY. Ellen Mazer,AB '74, is director of program development for the At­lanta Jewish Federation, and her husband, Andy Se­gal, AB'72, is a producer for CNN's special-projectsunit. They live in Atlanta with their son, five-year-oldNathan. Cheryl Morgan Simien, AB'74, has beennamed senior project control administrator in the ex­tensions planning department for the Bay Area RapidTransit district in San Francisco.75 Sheldon Annis, AM'75, PhD'86, is an as­sociate professor of geography at BostonUniversity. Earl Johnson, MBA'75, is vice presidentof human resources for Peoples Gas Light and CokeCompany in Chicago. AI Novotne, AB'75, is a staffattorney with the U. S. Court of Veterans Appeals. Hewas married in February 1990 to Maureen Guck, whois a water resources engineer in Virginia. TimothyProctor, MBA' 75 , JD '75, counsel for Merck Sharp &Dohme, received the company's Chairman's Award inMarch for his work with a Medicaid program.76 Jasmin Espiritu Acuna, PhD'76, spent 15months in Bangladesh doing consultingwork for the Secondary Science Education Project.She has now returned to the Philippines. MichaelDvorkin, AB'76, is an orthopaedic surgeon and iswriting a textbook on ambulatory orthopaedics. Heand his wife, Lisa Rubin, have a child, Hollis Emory,and live in Baltimore. J. Bruce Hasch, MBA' 76, ispresident and chief operating officer of Peoples Ener­gy Corporation, parent company of Peoples Gas andNorth Shore Gas.Kevin Krisciunas, AM'76, who works for the Unit­ed Kingdom Infrared Telescope in Mauna Kea, HI,was featured in the first segment of a PBS series called"The Astronomers" in April. Jack LeVan, AB'76,MBA'80, worked with Poland's Minister of Financelast year on a project to stabilize and privatize thecountry's economy. Maryann Pressnell, AB'76,MBA'77, is vice president of marketing services forPrime Option, a division of Dean Witter. Lisa KearnsRichardson, MBA'76, is vice president of planningand analysis for Premark International.77 Susan Brake, AM'77, married RobertKern, AM'61, PhD'66, in March 1989.Suzanne Langston Juday, AM'77, PhD'79, marriedDavid Juday in 1988. They live in Sycamore, IL,where she teaches part time at Northern Illinois andconsults in education. David Harris, AM'77,PhD' 86, is a vice president for the Los Angeles officeof Communispond, a management consulting firm.P.D. Persans, SM'77, PhD'82, is an associate profes­sor of physics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute inTroy, NY. Richard Schwartz, JD'77, is deputy chiefof the civil division at the United States Attorney's Of-fice in the southern district of New York.Daniel Sumner, AM'77, PhD'78, is on leave fromthe faculty at North Carolina State, serving as deputyassistant secretary for economics at the USDA. Tho­mas Walton, AB'77, is the owner of Fortune PublicRelations. He and his wife and son live in Berkeley,CA. Hedy Weinberg, AM'77, see 1974, Dan Corn­field. Stephen Whittington, AB'77, became directorof the Hudson Museum at the University of Maine inJanuary. He has a cooperating appointment as assist­ant professor of anthropology.78 T.L. Brink, PhD'78, is senior editor forpsychology and mental health at the HaworthPress. Patrick Kelly, MBA'78, is president of Bane­Boston Leasing, a subsidiary of Bank of Boston.David Lamich, AB'78, earned his master's degree inmeteorology from Florida State University in 1983and now works for Centel Federal Services Corp.,which provides computer programming support forNASA scientists. Paul Melshen, AM'78, has beenpromoted to lieutenant colonel in the U.S. MarineCorps. In March he was stationed in the UnitedKingdom.Paul Stanford, AB'78, JD'81, is vice president andgeneral counsel for CalM at Company in Los Angeles.Gary Sussman, MBA'78, and his wife; Carrie, had ason, Eric Paul, on November 14. David Witwer,MBA'78, is a manager for Coopers & Lybrand inChicago.79 Richard Bentley, AM'79, recently earnedhis Ph.D. in higher education from the Uni­versity of Michigan. He and his wife have two chil­dren, a daughter and a son. David Green, AB'79,works for a new international Jewish news weeklycalled the Jerusalem Report.Robert Carl Larson, AB'79, and his wife, CarolStudenmund, AB'79, live in Portland, OR, whereCarol is an owner of a court-reporting firm and Robertis an applications analyst at FPS Computing. They hadtheir second child, Lydia Jeanne, in July 1990. JosephLechner, MST'79, see 1970, John Gueguen. DavidKrueger, AM'79, AM'81, PhD'88, former execu­tive director of Chicago's Center for Ethics and Cor­porate Policy, has been named the Charles E. SpahrProfessor in Managerial and Corporate Ethics atBaldwin- Wallace College in Berea, OH. LibbyMorse, AB'79, married Jeff Makos, AB'81,AM'82, on March 10 in Bond Chapel. Attendants in­cluded Paul McCudden, AB'83, Jane Morse,AB'71, and Arthur Kennickell, AB'71, AM'74.Harvard professor Lawrence Sullivan, AM'79,PhD' 81, director of the school's Center for the Studyof World Religions, has been elected deputy secretary­general of the International Association for the Histo­ry of Religions.80 Mercedes Ebbert, AB'80, and her husbandhad a daughter, Lauren, last August.Mercedes was recently awarded a post-doctoral grantfrom the USDA to study disease in corn. MichaelHerzberg, MBA'80, is a managing partner of Fergu­son Partners Ltd., a management consulting firm.Lauren Hackett Kuby, AB'80, and her husband,Michael Kuby, AB' 80, had a second daughter, OliviaJo, in January. Lauren manages Glacier Games Com­pany and Michael is consulting for the World Bankwhile on leave from Arizona State's geography depart­ment. They "mourn the passing of Roscoe, campusdog, in January 1990." Sheila Lyne, MBA'80, wasnamed health commissioner for Chicago by MayorRichard Daley in February. Tom Ryan, AB' 80, direc­tor of public affairs for Lake Forest College, gave alecture on using one's creative background in a non­traditional field to the Society of Professional Journal­ists at the beginning of the year. Connie Tasker Sims,AM'80, and her husband, Ed, had a baby boy, AndrewAllen, in January 1990. Connie is back working fulltime with the Illinois Department of Mental Healthand Developmental Disabilities. 81 Linda Byus, MBA'81 , was promoted togroup vice president at Duff and Phelps. LilaGordon, PhD'81, is principal of the upper school atthe Sidwell Friends School in Washington, DC. Shenotes that President Gray is an alumna. SusanJenkins, MD' 81, is a consulting psychiatrist with theAssociates in Psychiatry and Psychology in Rochester,MN. Her husband, Robert Jenkins, PhD'81,MD'83, works at the Mayo Clinic in cytogenetics.They have two children. Lauren Johnson, AB'81, ischief prosecutor and chief of international law, sta­tioned at Yokota Air Base in Japan. Jeff Makos,AB'81, AM'82, see 1979, Libby Morse.David Silverman, AB'81, is a member of the Chi­cago Mercantile Exchange, trading foreign currencyfutures and options, and is on the Exchange's Board ofGovernors. He and his wife, Lauren, and their twochildren, Jessica and Matthew, live in Chicago. DavidSmith, AB'81, founded Virtus Corporation, a com­puter software company. Its first product, "VirtusWalkthrough," was awarded the MacUser 1990 Edi­tor's Choice Award for breakthrough product of theyear. Jeffrey Smith, MBA'81, is a vice president andsales director for Keystone Investment ManagementCorporation, located in Boston. Robert Wim­pelberg, PhD'81, associate professor of education atthe University of New Orleans, was named a Collegeof Urban and Public Affairs DeBlois Faculty Fellow.82 David Beeman, MBA' 82, and his wife,Donna, who live in Chatham, NJ, had theirfirst child, Allison Brooke, in September 1990. Davidis vice president of global marketing for American Ex­press Bank. Scott Gudmundson, AB'82, has beennamed a shareholder at Sachnoff & Weaver, a Chicagolaw firm. He works in the firm's real estate division.ChinyereNeale, AM'82, is executive director for theGreater Detroit chapter of the National Association ofWomen Business Owners. Perry Ninger, MBA' 82, isnow a vice president of American Express Canada. Heand his wife, Mary Ann, live in Toronto.David Pate, AM'82, received a three-year NationalLeadership Fellowship from the Kellogg Foundation.He plans to travel throughout the world, focusing on asingle public policy issue. William Porter, MBA'82,is a director in the real estate advisory services depart­ment at Coopers & Lybrand in Chicago. StevenPriest, AB'82, MBA'83, is the executive director ofthe Center for Ethics and Corporate Policy, located inChicago. He replaces David Krueger, AB'79,AM'81, PhD'88 (see 1979). W. Gregory Shearer,MBA' 82, has been appointed senior managing direc­tor for MASI, an investment banking firm in Deer­field, IL. Robert Sitko, X'82, see 1986. James Tan­cula, JD'82, is a partner at the Chicago law firm ofMayer, Brown & Platt. Mark Kline Taylor, PhD' 82,is an associate professor of theology and culture at thePrinceton Theological Seminary.83 Catherine Caule, MBA'83, is a manager atPeat Marwick Thorne in Ottawa, Canada,specializing in federal government consulting. PaulMcCudden, AB'83, see 1979, Libby Morse. Mi­chael Mermall, AM' 83, is a vice president and assist­ant general counsel for CMD Corp. , an industrial realestate developer. Warren Spector, MBA' 83, is on theboard of directors of the Bear Stearns Companies, asecurities firm in New York City. Therese Surpre­nant, X'83, see 1986, Robert Sitko.84 Steven Barnhart, AB'84, MBA'88, and hiswife, Margaret, have moved to Ridgefield,CT, where he works for Pepsi-Cola. David Bartlett,AM'84, earned his Ph.D. from the University of Cali­fornia at San Diego in June 1990; he is now a professorof political science at Vanderbilt University. ElyseBluth, MBA' 84, was named vice president/director atDuff & Phelps. Jae-Ha Kim, AB'84, is an entertain- ment reporter for the Chicago Sun-Times. I Her fea­tures have also appeared in Rolling Stone, USA Today,and Playboy. In addition, she is a reporter, producer,and writer for a half-hour weekly TV series called"Asia Today." Jennifer Thurber Willis, AB'84, andher husband, Christopher Willis, moved to WestChester, OH, in April. Tonya Rae Olsen Torres,AB' 86, was a guest at their September wedding.Seng Hooi Yeoh, AB'84, lives in Malaysia, wherehe works as an investment manager with SEAVI, acapital company affiliated with Advent Internationalof Boston. He notes with pleasure that Tsu-KoonKoh, AM'74, PhD'77, was recently appointed ChiefMinister of State for Penang, a state of Malaysia.85 David Kaufman, AB'85, protests that hewas not, as reported in April, present at thewedding ofIngrid Booth, AB'85, and Guy Parker,AB'85, SM'89; he was otherwise occupied with hiswork on pensions for an actuarial firm in Northfield,IL. Jeanne Holmes Kennedy, MBA'85, hadadaugh­ter, Michelle Kristen, in January. Michelle joins sisterBrooke. Jeanne has taken a six-month leave from herposition as product manager at Illinois Bell. MaryMoon, PhD'85, is a research scientist for Sherwin­Williams Co. in Cleveland.Donald Richards, MBA'85, is a vice president atSalomon Brothers in New York City. Albert Turner,MBA' 85 , is a vice president at Duff & Phelps. Takahi­ko Veda, MBA' 85, is a senior economist at the Indus­trial Bank of Japan. Susan Webster, AM"85, AM'88,married John Van Drie in September. She is a clinicalsocial worker; the couple lives in Palo Alto, CA. An­drew Wrobel, AB'85, MBA'87, 'see 1987, SuzanneWrobel.86 Peter Boxall, PhD'86; is assistant secretaryfor finance and personal taxation for Can­berra, Australia. Dane Claussen, MBA'86, is thepublisher of The Daily Reporter, a legal newspaper inMilwaukee. Carl Curry, AM' 86, is director of finan­cial aid for Purdue University at Calumet. ByronDunn, MBA'86, is an assistant vice president andCarol Palmer, MBA' 86, is a vice president at the Chi­cago firm of Duff & Phelps. Lisa Moody Engeriser,AB'86, and her husband, Paul, AB'86, recently be­came homeowners; they live in Mount Prospect, IL.Lisa, who has completed her master's degree in Eng­lish at Northwestern, is a communications officer withNorthern Trust and Paul is an actuary for AllstateInsurance.Robert Hadley, AB'86, is an instructor pilot atVance Air Force Base in Enid, OK. Hidehiro Iwaki,MBA' 86, is a guest scholar at the Brookings Institutionin Washington, DC. Thomas Kivlahan, JD'86, is anassociate with George Drost & Associates, anArlington Heights, IL, law firm. Stefanie Gross­man, AB'86, and Roger Raichelson, AB'86, weremarried on May 5, 1990, in New York. Ben Rodman,AB'86, was best man. Wendy Parshall, AB'86,AM'87, has been working at AT&T in Mt. Prospect,IL, for the last year and a half. She notes that DaveWitt, AB'87, is working on his master's degree incomputer science at DePaul.Robert Sitko, AB' 86, MBA'90, is a senior financialanalyst for the Occidental Chemical Corporation. Heand his wife, Therese Surprenant, X'83, and theirtwo children, live in Seabrook, TX. Tonja RaeTorres, AB'86, see 1984, Jennifer Willis.87 Lynn Vial Buendgen, AM'87, and her hus­band, Joseph, had a daughter, KathrinAnita,in June 1990. In addition to caring for Kathrin, Lynnworks for the Federal Institute of Hydrology Libraryin Koblenz, Germany. Jodi Dehli, MBA'87, is a man­ager in the Minneapolis office of Deloitte & Touche.Martha Hoffman-Strock, AB'87, married BobStrock, AB'87, on July 22, 1989. They live in NewUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 43Haven, where Martha is working on her Ph.D. in his­tory at Yale and Bob is getting his start in acting. Mar­tina Keller, AB'87, has opened an immigration lawpractice in Chicago.Stephen Limpe, MBA'87, married Tracy Tang inSeptember. He is a partner with Vestrock Partners, aNew York -based investment company. Jo Anne Mill­er, MBA' 87, is the director of software developmentfor Tellabs's digital systems division, located in Lisle,IL. Richard Mueller, MBA'87, and DanielDonoghue, MBA'87, were named group vice presi­dents at Duff & Phelps. Susan Skufca, AB'87, is di­rector of development for Chicago's Urban Gateways,an arts-in-education organization. ChristopherVroom, AB'87, has passed his exams to become achartered financial analyst. Lisa Nizza Wilhelm,MBA' 87, is vice president and principal of Stein, Roe& Farnham, a Chicago investment firm. Dave Witt,AB'87, see 1986, Wendy Parshall. Suzanne Wrobel,AB'87, married Samuel Armato, AB'87, on April21, 1990, in Chicago. Attendants included AndrewWrobel, AB'85, MBA'87; Ken Kebisek, SB'87;Bruce Anderson, AB'89; Earl Wrobel, Jr., AB'91;and Louisa Williams, AB'87.88 Catherine Nye, PhD'88, is an assistant pro­fessor at Smith College's school for socialwork. Claire Percarpio, MBA'88, is a vice presidentat the Chicago financial company Duff & Phelps.Kate Wrightson, AB'88, received her master's de­gree in English from the University of Oregon in De­cember and is assistant to the Senate Judiciary Com­mittee of the Oregon State Legislature. She alsoteaches writing courses at Clackamas CommunityCollege in Portland.89 Bruce Anderson, AB'89, see 1987, Su­zanne Wrobel. James Barry, JD' 89, is acorporate finance and real estate lawyer for Foley & Lardner in Milwaukee. Jim Costello, AB'89, isworking towards his master's at the University of III i­nois at Chicago and works part time for the Dul'ageCounty Planning Department. Carlos Gomez,MBA' 89, is assistant to the president of MinervaEscondida Ltd., a copper mining company in Chile.Tamara Gull, AB'89, a Navy ensign, has beendesignated a Naval Flight Officer.Pat Howell, AB' 89, has left New York City and nowworks at General Woods Boys' Club on the South Sideof Chicago. He lives with Marc Evans, AB'89, in anapartment in Wicker Park; Marc is program directorfor Chicago's International Film Festival.Didier Jacques, MBA'89, works for Allied Signalin Belgium as European business development man­ager for a new product. Bob Kuhn, MBA' 89, has beentransferred to Paris as assistant controller of Seaquist'sEuropean subsidiaries.90 Minnie Ang, AB'90, and Michael Umlauf,AB'90, are research assistants at the eco­nomics and management consulting firm of Putnam,Hayes & Bartlett in Los Angeles and "would love tohear from other alumni in the area." Margaret Ho­len, SB'90, a master's student at Magdalene Collegeat Oxford, was awarded a Zonta Amelia Earhart Fel­lowship for the 1990-91 year. She will continue herdoctoral studies in fluid dynamics at Princeton Uni­versity in the fall. Scott Jacobson, MBA'90, is a man­ager in Deloitte & Touche's Minneapolis office. Ter­rence Moore, AB'90, a second lieutenant, graduatedbasic training for the Marine Corps in February, andHuy Nguyen, AB'90, a Navy ensign, completedOffi­cer Indoctrination School in Newport, RI.Lorrie Zogg Stork, MBA'90, was promoted to vicepresident/controller at Duff & Phelps, while WilliamHayes, MBA'90, was named an analyst atthe Chicagoconsulting company.DEATHSFACULTYKenneth Alexander Brownlee, professor of statis­tics from 1956 to 1968, died December 16. His specialinterest was in statistics relating to medicine and pub­lic policy issues. He was the author of two textbooks.His wife, Dorothy Hanre, former U of C research as­sistant in medicine, died in 1989:Austin Brues, CLA'63 , professor emeritus of med­icine, died February 27 at the age of 85. He was the di­rector of two divisions of Argonne National Laborato­ry: biology from 1946 to 1950, and medical researchfrom 1950 to 1962. He was also president of the Amer­ican Association for Cancer Research in 1954 and1959. His books include Low Level Radiation and Ag­ing and Levels of Biological Organization. Survivorsinclude his wife, Mildred; a daughter; a son; a sister;and two grandchildren.John Cover, U of C economics professor from 1928to 1940, died February 28 at the age of 99. He latertaught at Columbia University and Colorado College,among others. During World Wars I and II he servedthe federal government as an economist. Survivors in­clude his wife, Mary; a daughter, June Cover Wylie,SB'40; ason, John Cover, Jr., SB'41; and five grand­children.Robert Havigburst, X'23, professor emeritus ineducation and psychology, died January 31 at the ageof 90. He joined the faculty in 1941 and in the early, 60s was chosen by the Chicago Board of Education tostudy Chicago public schools. His resulting landmarkreport called for increased spending, racial integra­tion, and greater resources for disadvantaged chil­dren. He was the author of Father of the Man and Ado­lescent Character and Personality, as well as books on44 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 aging, including Personal Adjustment in Old Age.Among his survivors are three daughters, two sons,two brothers, and a sister.John McKenzie, who in 1965 became the firstCatholic faculty member at the Divinity School, diedMarch 2 at the age of 80. A priest and an outspokencritic of religious and secular authority, McKenziewas also a respected biblical scholar and taught atseveral Chicago area colleges, including Loyola andDePaul. Survivors include a brother and a sister.Charles Stinnette, Jr., former religion departmentchair at the Divinity School, died May 17, 1990. Hetaught at the school from 1962 to 1971. Survivors in­clude his wife, Nancy.Cornelius Vermeulen, Lowell Coggeshall profes­sor emeritus of surgery and former chief of staff at theU of C School of Medicine, died February 1. A well­known urology researcher, with three associates heproved that kidney stones can be treated and thegrowth of new stones prevented. He also wrote a histo­ry of the U of C Medical Center. Survivors includehis wife, Ruth Van Ham; a son, Carl; and twograndchildren.Stan Vesselinovitch, professor in the departmentsof radiology and pathology, died March 11. An experton the causes and progression of cancer, he was espe­cially well known for his work on liver tumors. Survi­vors include his wife, Dragoslava Vesselinovitch,SM' 62, an associate professor of pathology at the U ofC; and three children, including Alexander Vesse­Iinovitcb, AB '75.Roger Weiss, AM'51, PhD'55, professor in the so­cial sciences since 1963, died March 7. His specialtywas the role of economics in the arts and the interna­tional trade of art works. His books included The Eco- nomic System and The Weissburgs: A Social History, ahistory of his own family. He was also a member of thegoverning board of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.Survivors include his mother, Irene, and a brother,John.STAFFThomas Barrett, SM'84, cataloguing assistant inthe library, died January 15 of lung cancer. He beganworking in the library in July 1988, when he was aPh.D. candidate in physics. Survivors include his par­ents, Glenn and Sylvia; a sister; and a brother.19105Samuel Epstein, PhB' 13, JO' 15, died March 11 atthe age of 101. He was in private practice in Chicagofrom 1915 to 1947, when he was elected to the bench ofthe old Superior Court of Cook County. He became acircuit judge when the courts were consolidated in1964 and retired in 1976. He was known for his com­passion in trying smaller cases, involving individualsrather than corporations. Survivors include a daugh­ter, Ruth Goldsmith; a son, Elliot Epstein, PhB'47,JO'51; ten grandchildren; and six great-grand­children,Myrtle Friedman, AA' 15, died in August at 97.Luzia Thomas Grayston, PhB'18, died in 1990.Survivors include her son, J. Thomas Grayston,SB'47, MO'48, SM'52.Charles N. Pease, SB'19, MO'22, died February18. He was on the staff of Children's Memorial Hospi­tal in Chicago from 1934 to 1973, serving as chairmanof the orthopaedic surgery department from 1952 to1965. Survivors include a daughter, four grandchil­dren, and a great-grandchild,19205Lucille Havlick Hyatt, PhB'21, died November16. She was a physical education teacher in the Chica­go public schools for 30 years, specializing in swim­ming. Survivors include her daughter, Lucille Hub­bard, SB'47.Mary Ann Benson, SB'22, died in February at91.She was a biology teacher at Farragut High School inIllinois for many years. Survivors include two niecesand three nephews.Robert Collins, AB'22, died at the age of 90. Hewas a marketing and advertising writer for firms inChicago and New York City throughout his career.Survivors include his wife, Cevilla; two sons; threegrandchildren; and one great-grandchild.Harold Goebel, PhB'22, died in October 1986.Survivors include his sister, Bernadine GoebelKanute, PhB'26.Louis River, SB'22, MO'25, died January 24 at89. He was on the staff of Oak Park (lL) Hospital formore than 50 years and head of the breast tumor clinicat Cook County Hospital for 30. In 1972 he receivedChicago's Public Service Award. Survivors includehis wife, Elizabeth; two sons, Louis River, Jr.,PhB'49, and George River, AB'52; two daughters;and 17 grandchildren, including Gregory River,AB'79; Philip River, AB'79; Laura River, AB'79;and David River, AB'85, MBA'88.Bernice Klein Cohen, PhB '24, died August 8. Sur­vivors include her brother, Milton Klein, PhB'31.Maurice Harold Friedman, SB'24, PhD'28,MO' 33, died March 8. A physiology professor, he wasthe developer of the "rabbit test" to determine preg­nancy; in that test, a rabbit injected with a woman'surine develops growths on its ovaries if the woman ispregnant. Friedman taught at the University of Penn­sylvania and later at Georgetown University. Survi­vors include his wife, Gertrude Banders Friedman;three daughters; nine grandchildren; and two great-grandchildren.Aryness Wickens, AM'24, a pioneer federal econ­omist, died February 2 at the age of 90. In the 1940s,while working for the Bureau of Labor Statistics, shewas instrumental in developing the cost-of-living in­dex, now known as the Consumer Price Index. In 1961she was named economic adviser to the Secretary ofLabor. Survivors include her son, Donaldson, andthree grandsons.Arthur Smith, AB'25, died December 3 at 93. Hewas formerly principal of Esko (MN) High School; in1945 he left to work for the Soo Line Railroad, retiringin 1962. Survivors include two daughters, four sons, abrother, 13 grandchildren, and 11 great-grand­children.Frederic Ives Carpenter, PhD'29, died March 16in Walnut Creek, CA. An authority on EugeneO'Neill, Robinson Jeffers, and Ralph Waldo Emer­son, Carpenter wrote biographies and critical works,including, Emerson and Asia. He taught at the U of C,Harvard, and the University of California at Berkeley.He and his mother endowed an annual lecture seriesat the U of C in honor of his father, also FredericIves Carpenter. Survivors include two daughters andtwo sons.19305Jeanette Rosenblum Aranoff, X'30, died April10, 1987. She was a housewife and piano teacher inStudio City, CA, for many years. Survivors includeher daughter, Mari.Dorothy Cahill, PhB'30, AM'40, died in Decem­ber. Survivors include her sister, Marjorie CahillVane, PhB'31.Gordon Christopher, PhB'30, died January 21 inExeter, NH. He was 95. A teacher and administratorin Connecticut public schools for 45 years, he retiredin 1964 as head of the foreign language department atHillhouse High School in New Haven. Survivors in­clude his wife, Ruth; a son; a daughter; and ten grand­children.Alfred Clem, AM'30, died February 14 at age 89.An Illinois teacher for 46 years, he was head of themath and science departments at Morton East when heretired in 1967. Survivors include his wife, Helen; ason; a daughter; four grandchildren; and three great­grandchildren.Lester Cotton, PhB'31, died December 3, 1989, inOklahoma City, where he owned and operated a MidasMuffler franchise. Survivors include his wife, Mary;a brother; two daughters; and six grandchildren.John Merle Rife, PhD'31, died December 16. Formost of his career he was a professor of classical lan­guages and religion at Muskingum College. As aFulbright professor in 1952, he taught at the Universi­ty of Athens, the only Fulbright scholar to deliver hislectures in modern Greek. Survivors include four chil­dren and a brother.Leo May, PhB'32, JD'33, founder of the Chicagoarea Margies chain of bridal stores, died March 5.Survivors include his wife, Phyllis; three sons; abrother, Harry May, PhD'26, JD'28; and a sister,Helen May Pomerance, AB'35.John Test, X'32, died February 28 atthe age of 80.Survivors include his daughter, Patricia Stewart­Gordon, MBA' 79 .Edward James Brown, AB'33, AM'46, professoremeritus of Stanford University, died January 9. Hewas one of the founding fathers of Russian literaturestudies in the United States. Survivors include hiswife, Catherine, and a daughter, Meredith Loring.Sherman Kuhn, AM'33, PhD'35, died January 7.He was a professor of English at the University ofMichigan and editor of the Middle English Dictionaryfrom 1948 to 1983. He received a distinguished facul­ty achievement award from Michigan in 1983.Harold Miller, SM'34, died January 16 at the age of 81 . He was director of planning for the State of Ten­nessee for 23 years. Orchids were his hobby and hewas a member of several orchid societies. Survivorsinclude his wife, Dorothy; three daughters; a son,Donald Miller, AB' 58; and a sister.Fred Fortess, SB'35, died January 5. He was pro­fessor emeritus and director of apparel research at thePhiladelphia College of Textiles and Science, where abuilding is named in his honor, A past president of theAmerican Association of Textile Chemists and Col­orists, Fortess received its 1961 Olney Award for out­standing achievement. Survivors include his wife,Ethel, and two daughters.Frederick Fowkes, SB'36, PhD'38, died in Octo­ber. He had been head of the chemistry departmentat Lehigh University and consulted for several com­panies, including 3M and IBM. Survivors includehis daughter, Mary Tobin, AM'74, PhD'85, and abrother.Katinka Loeser, AB '36, died March 6 at the age of77. She was a poet and short story writer; many of herworks, such as "A Thousand Pardons, " appeared firstin The New YOrker. Survivors include her husband,Peter DeVries, and three children.Paul Boe, X'37, died June 9, 1990. He was directorof social services for the American Lutheran Churchfrom 1960 to 1974. As an advocate for Native Ameri­cans, he spent ten days at Wounded Knee in 1973. Sur­vivors include his wife, Carola.Edward Bryant, AB'37, died February 8. He wasretired from the Reynolds Metal Company in Rich­mond, VA. Survivors include two daughters, fourgrandsons, and a sister.Thomas Howells, AB'37, AM'38, died January30. He taught English at Whitman College for 49years and upon retirement was named professor emer­itus. Survivors include his wife, Ada; two daughters;and a son.Alfred Lindesmith, PhD'37, died February 14. Hewas a sociology professor at Indiana University for 39years. In addition to Social Psychology, a standard textfor many years, Lindesmith wrote several books ondrug addiction. Survivors include his daughter and asister.Winston Bostick, SB'38, PhD'41, died January19. He was a physics professor-and head of the depart­ment at Stevens Institute of Technology for manyyears, retiring in 1986. In the mid-Fifties he developeda "plasma gun" that shot bursts of atomic particlesthrough a magnetic field for research purposes. Survi­vors include his wife, Virginia Lord; two sons; adaughter; and a brother.Frank Dougherty, AB' 39, JD' 41, died December17. A retired trial attorney, he had worked for the LosAngeles firm of Thomas Moore and Associate andthen for Alvin Cassidy in Santa Ana, CA. Survivorsinclude his wife, Pauline, and a son.19405Hyman Africk, AB'41, MBA'42, died February20. He taught in the Chicago area for many years,most recently as a professor of business at Loop CityCollege. Survivors include his wife, Lenore; a sister;and a brother.Richard Salzmann, X'41, died in 1989. While atthe University, he was an abbot of Blackfriars, presi­dent of the student council, and president of Psi Upsi­lon; he left to become a Lutheran minister. At the timeof his death he was editor in chief at the Research Insti­tutes of America.John Thomson, SB'41, SM'42, PhD'47, died De­cember 18. He joined Argonne National Laboratory in1951 and worked in its biological and medical re­search division until retirement in 1982. Survivors in­clude his wife, Jeanne; two sons, John Thomson,AB'70, and James Thomson, AB'72; three step­children; and nine grandchildren. Margaret Kueffner 'Chandler, AB'42, AM'44,PhD' 48, died March 11. She was the first female pro­fessor at Columbia University's business school. Shewas also a member of the labor panel of the AmericanArbitration Association and in 1977 was named toNew York's panel of arbiters for police and fire negoti­ations in New Jersey. Survivors include her husband,Louis.Erw.in Haas, PhD'42, died January 20, 1990. Hewas director of the Beaumont Mernorial ResearchLaboratories at Mount Sinai Medical Center in NewYork. His research work focused on the causes of hy­pertension. Survivors include his wife, Annemarie,and two sons.Howard Spragg, X'42, died February 26. He re­ceived his Doctor of Divinity degree at the ChicagoTheological Seminary in 1947 and became executivevice president of the board for homeland missions forthe United Church of Christ. He retired in 1983. Sur­vivors include his wife, Jane Nichols Spragg, SB' 43,MD'48; three daughters; and two sons.Marvin Homer, PhB' 44, AB' 45,10' 48, died Feb­ruary 25 in Los Angeles. He had retired as an attorneyfor Southern California Edison Co. Survivors includehis mother, a sister, and a brother, Richard Homer,PhB'47, SB'49, MD'53.Wilmer Baatz, BLS'46, died February 21 inBloomington, IN. He had been a librarian at the BlackCulture Center Library at Indiana University. Survi­vors include his wife, Leila; a son; a daughter; andthree grandchildren.John Mottier, PhB'47, died April 13, 1990. Survi­vors include his wife, Margaret Mottier, AB' 47.Herbert Spielman, PhD'49, died November 16.Survivors include his wife, Sally, and a daughter,Terry Brazell, AB'69.19505Emanuel Peterfreund, MD' 50, died December 11of leukemia, He was an associate clinical professor ofpsychiatry at Mt. Sinai Medical Center. Survivors in­clude his wife, Oriole, and three children.Donald Anderson, MD'51, died February 8 inWinnetka. He was medical director for WashingtonNational InsuranceCompany from 1958 to 1983. Sur­vivors include his wife, Constance; two daughters;two sons; three grandchildren; and two sisters.DonaldR. Anderson, AM'56, died May 31,1990.He was a retired partner of the Indianapolis law firm ofBose, McKinney & Evans. A self-declared radical, hewas a past national committeeman for the SocialistParty, a founding member of the Union of DemocraticSocialists, a lifetime member of the NAACP, anda board member of the ACLU. Survivors includehis wife, Carlene; two daughters; his mother; and abrother.Darwin Turner, PhD'56, a professor of African­American literature at the University of Iowa for 20years, died February 11 of a heart attack. He was 59.Turner was the editor of several anthologies, includingBlack Drama in America and Black American Litera­ture. Survivors include his wife, M. Jean; his mother,Laura; a daughter; and two sons.Daniel Kuzuhara, AM' 57, died March 19 at 67. Hehad been a psychology professor at Northeastern Illi­nois since 1964, winning a distinguished teachingaward in 1969. He was named Professor of the Year in1990. Kuzuhara also founded the Hope Center at theschool, organizing support groups and providingcounseling to help people cope with death in the fami­ly. Survivors include his wife, Toyoko ("Terry"); adaughter; two sons; three sisters; and four brothers.19605W. George Buick, AM'60, died December 9. Heretired as the Foundation University Librarian ofUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 45Murdoch University in Perth, Australia, in 1984.Survivors include his wife, Barbara; a son; and adaughter.Robert Holderby, DB'61, died March 9. Hefounded the Crisis Ministry, a Chicago programwhich provides clergy and seminary students as pa­tient representatives in hospital emergency rooms.The ministry became a prototype for similar programsacross the country. He wrote two books about patientcare and received a community service award in 1971.Survivors include his wife, Delores; a son; and adaughter.Gail Paradise Kelly, AB'62, professor of compar­ative education at the State University of New York atBuffalo, died January 25 of cancer. She was 51. A pro­fessor at SUNY for 16 years, she wrote or edited 13books, including the text New Approaches to Compar­ative Education, published by the U of C Press in1986. Survivors include her husband, David Kelly,AB'65; two daughters; her father; a sister; and abrother.19705Pierre Renault, CLA'74, died ofleukemia on May15,1990, at53. He was deputy director of the NationalInstitute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Dis­eases, a division of the National Institutes of Health.After completing his residency in psychiatry at the Uof C, he served on the faculty and then joined the Pub­lic Health Service in 1974. He became deputy directorofNIDDKin 1983. Survivors include his wife, Nancy,and three children.Rex Ervin Gerald, PhD'75, died May 13,1990, ofliver cancer. An anthropologist and archaeologist, hewas the director of the Centennial Museum and associ­ate professor at the University of Texas at El Paso.Donald Young, MBA'75, died of lung cancer onFebruary 19 at the age of39. A partner in the New Yorkbrokerage firm Wagner & Stott, he helped develop arisk-analysis system for stock option trading. Survi­vors include his wife, Diane; a son; his parents; asister; and a brother.Marcia Weber Jacobs, MBA' 76, died May 18,1990, of a brain aneurysm. She wasthe president ofthequalitative research firm JQR, Inc. Survivors includeher husband, Thomas; two daughters, Ellis andHilary; a son, Fritz; and her parents. NOTICE OF DEATHRECEIVED:Margaret Walker Warner, PhB' 15, 1988.Dan Fenn, AM'20, June 1989.Olive Cohn Barancik, X'22, January 1986.Arne Gorder, MD'23, June 1990.James W. Martin, X'23, September.Albert Daugherty, SB'26, September.Margaret Svendsen Davis, PhB'26, August.Vivian Lawson, X'26, November 1989.Edward Atlas, PhB'27, JD'29, November.Helen Schwartzman Weinstein, PhB'27, 1988.Rayborn Zerby, DB'27, PhD'30, July 1987.Joseph Conway, SB'28, MD'39, January.Alfred Bowers, AM'29, PhD'48, August.Kathryn Sandmeyer Loveland, PhB'29, 1990.Duane Darling, SB'30, June 1990.Lucile Gustafson, AM'30, October.Marie Kubik Haase, SB'30, January.Albert Terry, MD'30, December.Arthur Kolderup, SB' 31, March 1990.Brunswick Bagdon, PhB'32, July 1990.Harold Morris, PhB'33, January.Adolph Pass, PhB '33, January 1990.Henry Patrick, PhB'34, AM'38, February.Albert Sidwell, PhD'34, December 1989.Minnie Giesecke Wight, PhD'35,.Lloyd Powers, AB'37, February 1990.Auren Kahn, AM'38, August.O. WilhartKoivun, MD'38, September.Joseph Finney, SB'39, MD'42, October.Mary Kenny Landers, PhD'39, November.Juan Salcedo, X'41, October 1988.Claire O'Reilly, AM'43, November 1984.Rosalind Giles, X'45, August 1989.Edgar Albert Harcourt, AB'49, JD'52, December.Albert Lidy, MBA' 49.Dorothy Morgan, MBA' 49, October.Richard Joslin, MBA' 50, 1988.Edwina Hefley McGovran, AM'53, February.John Cheal, PhD'62, June 1990.Andrew Rempoulis, SM'64, February.Corrections: Eldred Green, SB'31, SM'32, died De­cember 2. His first name was given incorrectly in theApril issue. Also, Barbara Chapman Banks,PhD' 89, is alive. The Magazine regrets the errors.BOOKS by AlumniARTS" LETTERSElizabeth Engelman Abler, AB'38, Secrets of theMiniature Rose (Dgicom Publications). A guidebookfor raising and exhibiting miniature roses.Albert Leong, AB'61, AM'66, PhD'70, editor andtranslator, Space, Time, and Synthesis in Art: Essayson Art, Literature, and Philosophy, by Ernst Neiz­vestny (Mosaic Press). A collection of essays by Rus­sian artist and critic Neizvestny, this book examineshis theories of aesthetics.Eugene Narmour, PhD '74, The Analysis and Cog­nition of Basic Melodic Structures (University of Chi­cago Press).Robert Yahnke and Richard M. Eastman, AM' 49,PhD'52, Aging in Literature: A Reader's Guide (ALAPublishing Services). Annotations of more than 150works with references to the aging process.BIOGRAPHYEvelyn Oppenheimer, PhB'21, Gilbert Onder­donk: The Nurseryman of Mission Valley, Pioneer46 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 Horticulturist (University of North Texas Press). Abotanist, rancher, soldier, and writer, Onderdonk wasresponsible for the early development of the fruit­growing industry in Texas and wrote the first populartravel reports on Mexico.BUSINESS" ECONOMICSTamara Brady Erickson, AB'76, Third Genera­tion R&D: Managing the Link to Corporate Strategy(Harvard Business School Press). Tracing the evolu­tion of research and development since the 1950s, thisbook attempts to provide managers with an approachto making R&D a more potent corporate asset.Thomas L. Harris, AM' 56, The Marketer's Guideto Public Relations: How Today's Top CompaniesAre Using the New PR to Gain a Competitive Edge(John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) An analysis of a new typeof public relations-one which uses the media, cur­rent events, and community programs.Leo Hertzel, JD'52, and Richard W. Shepro, Bid­ders and Targets: Mergers and Acquisitions in the U. S.(Basil Blackwell). An analytical examination of the way legal and economic principles influence bothnational policy and business strategy.CRITICISMSteven May, AM'64, PhD'68, The ElizabethanCourtier Poets: The Poems and Their Contexts (Uni­versity of Missouri Press). The author examinesthe social environment of the Elizabethan court andplaces the poetry within that context. The bookincludes a biographical listing of poets, critical textsfor unedited works, and documentation of their manu­script sources.Susan Griffin, AM'n, PhD'82, The HistoricalEye: The Texture of the Visual in Late James (North­eastern University Press). Challenging the notion thatHenry James's protagonists are passive observers,Griffin argues that Jamesian seeing is a physical pro­cess and emphasizes the influence of theories of visualperception-including those of his brother William­on James's writings.EDUCATIONWalter Bateman, AB'37, Open to Question: TheArt of Teaching and Learning by Inquiry (Jessey­Bass). A guide to helping students learn to think criti­cally and recognize their own biases, this book usesthe "Perry Scheme" of intellectual development.Sophie Haroutunian-Gordon, PhD'76, Turningthe Soul: Teaching through Conversation in HighSchool (University of Chicago Press). Haroutunian­Gordon is an assistant professor of education at theUofC.Anne Garvey Dye Phillips, AM' 50, Steps to Read­ing Proficiency, Third Edition (WadsworthPublishers) .FICTION" POETRYFrank Hugus, PhD'n, translator, Idealists (FjordPress). This 1941 novel, set in Denmark in the '30s,presents a microcosm of Danish society on the brink ofWorld War II.Irena Klepfisz, AM'64, PhD'70, A Few Ubrds inthe Mother Tongue: Poems Selected and New,1971-1990 (The Eighth Mountain Press). This collec­tion of poetry draws from three previous volumes andincludes both early unpublished and more recentpoems.GEOGRAPHY" TRAVELMichael F. Meyer, AB'74, MBA'76, DestinationSouther.n California: A Guide to Affordable Retire­ment and Seasonal Housing (Oryx Press).Michael F. Meyer, AB'74, MBA'76, DestinationSouthwest: A Guide to Retiring and Wintering in Ari­zona, New Mexico, and Nevada (Oryx Press).Virginia Seiser, AM'74, and Robert Lockerby,compilers, Mountaineering and Mountain Club Seri­als: A Guide to English Language Titles (ScarecrowPress). This reference book cites more than 500 Eng­lish language serials with titles concerning mountain­eering and related activities.HISTORY ICURRENT EVENTSRonald Cunsolo, AM'55, Italian Nationalismfrom Its Origins to World War II (Krieger).Andre Gunder Frank, AM'52, PhD'57, S. Amin,G. Arrighi, and 1. Wallerstein, Transforming the Revo­lution: Social Movements and the World System(Monthly Review Press).Louise McReynolds, PhD'84, The News UnderRussia's Old Regime: The Development of a Mass­Circulation Press (Princeton University Press). Fo­cusing on the growth of public opinion as a politicalforce, this book traces the development of commercialjournalism in Russia from 1865 to 1917.POLITICAL SCIENCE & LAWLarry Bowman, AB'62, AM'65, Mauritius: De­mocracy and Development in the Indian Ocean (West­view Press).Marc Galanter, AB'50, AM'54, JD'56, and Tho­mas Palay, Tournament of Lawyers: The Transforma­tion of the Big Law Firm (University of ChicagoPress). Arguing that the recent growth and resultingtransformations of large law firms are the product ofthe fundamental structure of the firms, the authors as­sess the future oflarge firms and present alternatives.Efraim Inbar, AM' 76, PhD' 81, War and Peace inIsraeli Politics: Labor Party Positions on National Se­curity (Lynne Rienner). An investigation of a 1980'smovement by Israel's Labor Party toward greater"dovishness. "Lowell Myers, MBA'51, How to Handle Cases ofPolice Brutality and Police Misconduct in the State ofIllinois (Lowell Myers). The author discusses the Illi­nois and federal laws on police brutality cases.Rachel Reese Sady, AB'39, AM'41, PhD'47, Dis­trict Leaders: A Political Ethnography (WestviewPress). This in-depth look at party politics in the townof Greenburgh, NY, examines political participationand factional conflict from a political and anthropo­logical perspective.Franklin Zimring, JD'67, and Gordon Hawkins,The Scale of Imprisonment (University of ChicagoPress). The authors assess the factors behind thegrowth and overcrowding of American prisons.Zimring was formerly a professor at the law school.RELIGION & PHILOSOPHYSeth Benardete, AB'49, AM'53, PhD'55, TheRhetoric of Morality and Philosophy: Plato S Gorgiasand Phaedrus (University of Chicago Press).John Charles Cooper, AM'64, PhD'66, TheBlack Mask: Satanism in America Today (Fleming Re­vell Co.) Evangelical Lutheran pastor Cooper pro­vides information on the various forms of Satanismand offers methods of discovering whether people areinvolved in the occult.Donald Dayton, PhD'83, and Robert K. Johnson,The Variety of American Evangelicalism (Universityof Tennessee Press). This collection of essays exam­ines twelve major evangelical traditions.John C. Holt, PhD' 77, Buddha and the Crown:Avalokitesvara in the Buddhist Traditions of Sri Lanka(Oxford University Press). This study of religious andcultural change in Sri Lanka examines the ways inwhich Avalokitesvara was assimilated into that coun­try's traditions.David Krieger, AM'75, PhD' 87, The New Univer­salism: Foundationsfora Global Theology (Orbis).Jan Narveson, AB'55, AB'56, The LibertarianIdea (Temple University Press).Edward Ouelette, AM'36, contributor, A Half­Century of Religious Dialogue: 1939-1989, FranklinLittell, editor (Edwin Millen Press).Michael Schuck, AM'78, AM'80, PhD'88, ThatThey Be One: The Social Teaching of the Papal Ency­clicals, 1740-1989 (Georgetown University Press). Acomprehensive study of the history of Catholic socialteaching, this book attempts to analyze the teaching'scontradictions as well as its consistencies.Catherine Heldt Zuckert, AM' 66, PhD '70, Natu­ral Right and the American Imagination: PoliticalPhilosophy in Novel Form (Rowman & Littlefield).Examining the American literary theme of the hero'swithdrawal from society to nature and eventual return,the author argues that this archetype is a reflection ofAmerican political ideals as displayed in the Declara­tion of Independence. The power of language (see "Fiction and Poetry")SCIENCE &' TECHNOLOGYMax Levitan, AB'44, Textbook of Human Genet­ics, Third Edition (Oxford University Press).Michael Seadle, AM'73, PhD' 77, AutomatingMainframe Management: Using Expert Systems withExamplesfrom VMandMVS(McGraw-Hill). This in­troductory text provides examples for systems pro­grammers, computer center managers, and others in­terested in automating decision-making.Stephen Wilson, PhD'72, Multimedia Design withHyperCard (Prentice-Hall). Focusing on art and de­sign capabilities, this computer text instructs readerson the uses of the HyperCard software and how Ito pro­gram interactive image, text, and sound events.SOCIAL SCIENCESNorman Anderson, editor, Contributions to Infor­mation Integration Theory, Vols. I-III (LawrenceErlbaum Associates). The three volumes­"Cognition," "Social," and "Development,"­discuss different aspects of the editor's judgment­decision theory.Robert Benfer, Edward E. Brent, Jr., and LouannaFurbee, PhD'74, Expert Systems (Sage Publica­tions). The authors propose the process of expert sys­tems development as a model for acquiring, represent­ing, and validating knowledge about human behavior.Grant Blank, AM'SO, James L. McCartney, andEdward Brent, New Technology in Sociology: Practi­cal Applications on Research and Practice (Transac­tion Publishers). An exploration of the ways new tech­nologies, such as small computers and videoequipment, are changing the ways sociologists con­duct research.Don S. Browning, DB'59, AM'62, PhD'64, andIan Evison, AM'77, editors, Does Psychiatry Need aPublic Philosophy? (Nelson Hall Publishers). Thiscollection of essays- first presented at a Chicago con­ference in May 1987 -concludes that there is a needfor an awareness of the distinctions and similaritiesamong psychiatry, religion, and ethics.Don S. Browning, DB'59, AM'62, PhD'64, Tho­mas Jobe, and Ian Evison, AM'77, Religious and Eth­ical Factors in Psychiatric Practice (Nelson Hall Pub­lishers). This discussion of the relationship between religion and psychiatry examines the history of that re­lationship and explores ethical issues in psychiatry.Mary Lynn McCree Bryan, MBA'75, and AllenDavis, editors, One Hundred lears at Hull-House (In­diana University Press). This collection of essaystraces the evolution of Hull House and the fight againsturban poverty and despair.Dan Cornfield, AB'74, AM'77, PhD'SO, Be­coming a Mighty Voice: Conflict and Change in theUnited Furniture Workers of America (Russell SageFOUNdation).Douglas Daniels, AB'64, Pioneer Urbanites: ASocial and Cultural History of Black San Francisco(University of California). A paperback edition ofapreviously published book.Roberta Greene, and Paul Ephross, PhD'69, edi­tors, Human Behavior Theory and Social Work Prac­tice (Aldine de Gruyter). This text presents commonbehavior theories, ranging from psychoanalysis tosymbolic interactionism, as broadly systematized in­terpretations of human behavior and development.The usefulness of each theory is evaluated. Contribu­tors include Charles Garvin, AM'51, PhD'68..Judith Friedlander, AB"66, AM'69, PhD'73,Vilna on the Seine: Jewish Intellectuals in FranceSince 1968 (Yafe University Press).Joseph Gittler, PhD' 41, editor, Annual Review ofConflict Knowledge and Conflict Resolution, Vols.1-3 (Garland Publishing). Each yearly volume con­tains a selection of reviews, interpretations, and analy­ses of the year's major books and journal articlesconcerning social conflict.Richard Handler, AM'76, PhD'79, and DanielSegal, AM'S3, PhD'S9, Jane Austen and the Fictionof Culture : An Essay on the Narration of Social Reali­ties (University of Arizona Press). Examining JaneAusten's depiction of social realities, the authors com­pare her techniques to contemporary ethnographicwriting.William Longacre, AM'62, PhD'63, editor, Ce­ramic Ethnoarchaeology (University of ArizonaPress). This work looks at contemporary pottery­making societies throughout the world.Cheri Register, AB'67, AM'68, PhD'73, '.:4reThose Kids Yours?" American Families with ChildrenAdopted from Other Countries (The Free Press).Drawing on her own experience and interviews withfamilies, the author discusses the ethical issues raisedby adopting across lines of culture, race, and socialclass.Alice Schlegel, AM'59, and Herbert Barry, III,Adolescence: An Anthropological Inquiry (The FreePress). Sampling 186 preindustrial societies, thisbook examines the behavior of adolescents and theirtreatment by adults.David Gordon White, AM'SI, PhD'88, Myths ofthe Dog-Man (University of Chicago Press).Barbara Yarnold, AB'81, Refugees Without Ref­uge (University Press of America).Barbara Yarnold, AB' SI , International Fugitives:A New Role for the International Court ofJustice (Pra­ger Publishers). This book examines the problemswith current international extradition policies andsuggests solutions.WOMEN'S STUDIESIrena Klepfisz, AM'64, PhD'70, Dreams of an In­somniac: Jewish Feminist Essays, Speeches, and Dia­tribes (The Eighth Mountain Press). These essays ad­dress issues ranging from the Arab-Israeli conflict tosecular Jewish culture in the U. S.For inclusion in "Books by Alumni," pleasesend the name of the book, its author, its pub­lisher, and a short synopsis to the Books Editor,University of Chicago Magazine, 5757 WoodlawnAve., Chicago, IL 60637.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 47irst Things LastInharmony IN ITS INSTITUTIONAL ADOLESCENCE,the University was plagued by a lack ofunity: alumni, students, and faculty pe­riodically complained that the 'schoolhad no real community feeling. To combatthis spirit of discontent, alumni and studentstogether came up with the idea of aUniversity-wide sing, led by the fraternities.After three years of planning, they managedto pull it off-and on June 11, 1911, a U of Ctradition was born when over one thousandmen and women gathered in HutchinsonCourt to harmonize together at the first Inter­fraternity Sing.According to the Magazine of that month,the first Sing was a success, creating thehoped-for feeling of a common bond. "Oldand young members of the fraternities hadgathered; staid businessmen of the first dec­ade marched to the melody of songs they hadA chorus of approval metthe one thousand voicesraised in song at the firstInterfraternity Sing. Thatwas eighty yean-and. innumerable refrains of"0 Chicago" -ago.48 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/JUNE 1991 heard when they were pledged; members ofthe faculty stood in the ranks with freshmenwho had been their pupils. The Chinese lan­terns strung under the elms cast a rich, sub­dued glow of color over the Court."The evening began, appropriately, with thefraternities: each group, in order of its estab­lishment at the University, sang its own song,followed by "its yell and a good Chicago."The entire crowd was then invited to join in, asVictor Sincere, '97, led the throng throughpopular melodies. Though the festivities wereinterrupted by a rain shower, a quick retreat toMandel Hall allowed the proceedings to con­tinue until nearly midnight.The songs at that early jamboree were a mixof sentimental ballads, rousing football fightsongs, and jocular college tunes penned spe­cifically for Chicago. The Magazine quotesthe stirring refrain to campus favorite "1893" :"0 Chicago, how great you've grown to be,since we first cast our lot with thine in 1893! "Its editors opt against including the less rever­ent lyrics of the verses, which are more enter­taining: "Oh, there were more profs than stu­dents, but then we didn't care; they spent theirdays in research work, their evenings at thefair; And life upon the campus was one con­tinual swing; we watched the Ferris Wheel go'round and we didn't do a thing."Another crowd pleaser in 1911 was the ode"John D. Rockefeller," which contains thenotable chams, "John D. Rockefeller, won­derful man is he; gives all his spare change tothe U. of C. He keeps the ball a-rolling, in ourgreat varsity; he pays Dr. Harper, to help usgrow sharper, to the glory of U. of c." Theevening ended on a more serious note, withthe singing of the Alma Mater.For the next five years the Magazine recordsgreater and greater numbers of attendees atthe Sing, "wise readjustments" to its order,and the addition of more organizations, in­cluding women's groups. With each descrip­tion, however, there is an increasing vein ofcriticism and suggestions as to how the Singcould be improved. "Yet something should bedone to develop the idea. As it stands, thereare too many songs too much alike The in-troduction of stunts is desirable Why notcostumes? ... The chapter singing could beeliminated all together or confined to a fewchapters who at a series of preliminary Singscould show their interest in music and theircompetence, " the editors proposed.Today the Sing is regarded in much the sameway: well-beloved, yet somehow incomplete.Graduate student Joe Manning, AM' 85, fra­ternity liaison for the dean of students office,echoes those long-ago editors when he says,"We need to look at ways to update the IFSing, to give it new meaning." Perhaps the in­troduction of stunts-or why not costumes?-J.e.***********CAR-RT-SORT**CR033007156niversity of Chicagoersity Archivesph Regenstein LibraryEast 57th Street