VOLUME 83, NUMBER 2 DECEMBER 199016202432 FEATURESHe's on the stump for scienceNobel laureate Leon Ledennan is a physicist-andteacher-turned huckster for improved science education.STEVEN 1. BENOWITZMigrant imagesMexican votive paintings known as retablos offer thanks foreveryday miracles north of the border.MARY RUTH YOEBreaking the ice, U of C styleIt happens every fall for the first time as new students in theCollege take part in Orientation Week.TIM OBERMILLERInsideJohn Gunther's EuropeIn 1936,John Gunther, PhB'22, published a book whose titlebecame synonymous with his style of reportage.JAY PRIDMORECover Leon Ledennan, the University's Frank L. Sulzberger Professorin Physics, believes improving science education starts withteaching (page 16); photograph by Robert C. V Liebennan.Opposite: New students in the College are introduced to a HydePark icon during Orientation Week (page 24), photograph byDiane Schmidt.2 UNIYERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990Editors NotesCHAMPAGNE-COLORED BALLOONSfloated and champagne-coloredchampagne flowed when the Univer­sity celebrated the October 16 awarding ofthe1990 Nobel Prize for Economics. The win­ning trio included both Merton H. Miller, theRobert M. McCormick Distinguished Ser­vice Professor in the Graduate School of Bus i­ness, and Harry Markowitz, PhB'47,AM'50, PhD'55.The next day, Chicago's Nobelist scorecardgained another point (to a total of 61-butwho's counting?), when Jerome Friedman,AB'50, SM'53, PhD'56, a student of EnricoFermi, shared the prize for physics. (See"Chicago Journal," page 10.)In between the telephone calls from report­ers and well-wishers, the press conference,and the champagne, Miller went off to his reg­ular "Special Topics in Finance" class.There, he received a standing ovation-andgave his scheduled lecture on corporate busi­ness practices.With or without champagne, the quadsseemed to emanate a celebratory mood thisfall. On reflection, it could be explained sim­ply by the Hyde Park weather-which wasbluer, drier, and warmer than it might havebeen.On BoardOur masthead has a new listing this issue.We've added the reconstituted group of alum­ni and faculty members who serve on theMagazine committee. Although many of thecommittee members have backgrounds inpublishing or related fields, the group's par­ticular charge is to provide the Magazine withtheir varied perspectives on the University, itsalumni, and how to report on both.The new committee is chaired by L. GordonCrovitz, AB' 80, assistant editorial page editorof The Wall Street Journal. It includes threeother members of the Alumni Association'sboard of governors: Mary Lou Gorno,MBA'76; Linda Thoren Neal, AB'64, JD'67;and Stephen M. Slavin, JD'64. In addition,Harvey B. Plotnick, AB'63, president andCEO of Contemporary Books, and graphic de­signer Marva Watkins, AB' 63, have joined thecommittee, along with two members of theUniversity faculty: Neil Harris, professor in history, and Michael LaBarbera, associateprofessor in organismal biology and anatomy.Unlikely Citation IndexOver the past few months, the University ofChicago has garnered several unexpected bitsof press. The September 3 issue of SportsIllustrated featured "Smart Ball," a look at"M.1. T., Swarthmore, U. of Chicago: HowReal Students Play the Game." The Maroonsdidn't make the cover (that honor went toUSC), but a photo of the team (and CoachGreg Quick's four-year-old son, "Bubba") atpractice was blazoned across the contentspage. And, yes, SI's writer quoted the Schol­arly Yell: "Themistocles, Thucydides/ThePeloponnesian Wars .... "In late October, eight games and no wins lat­er' the Athletic Department was sighing aboutthe dreaded Sports Illustrated jinx.The second unexpected mention of the Uni­versity came a bit earlier, and more quietly, onpage 57 of the July-August issue of HarvardMagazine. In an article entitled "Harvard Af­ter Bok: What's Ahead?", Harvard sociolo­gist (ne Chicago professor) David Riesmanargued that, when it comes to defending "thebest of higher education, " his school is not thenation's leader. "In this respect," Riesmansaid, "The University of Chicago is preemi­nent-unbowed, uncowed, uncompliant,non-politically-correct. "Several U of C alumni who also come intocontact with Harvard's magazine clippedthose words of praise and sent them along.Meanwhile, Paul H. Ephross, PhD'69,whose undergraduate degree is from an insti­tution some Midwestern wags refer to as "TheUniversity of Chicago ofthe East," was read­ing his copy of Harvard Magazine when hecame across an upsetting advertisement forHarvard T-shirts and the like. The Harvardgear came in just one color: maroon.As Ephross indignantly wrote the erringmanufacturers, "Maroon is the color of theUniversity of Chicago. Since I am privilegedto hold a degree from that institution as well, Iprotest on its behalf your unauthorized andwholly indefensible theft of its color."Ephross hasn't reported on the makers' reply,but one strongly suspects that their faces werecrimson.-M.R. Y.LettersMapping nostalgiaI was fascinated by the picture of the posteron pages 22-23 of the last alumni maga­zine ("Putting It All on the Map,"OCTOBER/90). Is there any chance that itcould be copied and offered along with thenew 1991 poster? I'm sure there are still a lotof us around who would enjoy rememberingwhat it was like in the old days.I have no suggestions for the new poster ex­cept that it be as like the old one as possible.ELLEN DIETZ, PHD' 40LONGWOOD, FLORIDAInvasion of the databasesI can tell you exactly how this consumerfeels about" a stranger calling up person­al information about them at a push of abutton" ("Marketing Up Close and Person­al," SUMMER/90). I don't want a detailedprofile in anybody's database. The invasion ofprivacy in existing credit bureau databasesneeds to be curtailed. I think most consumersare perfectly capable of seeking out items theyare interested in, without the aid of self-styled"custodians of the brand image" and "crea­tive direct-response marketing." Are U of Cgraduates becoming sheep-herders? A revolt­ing thought!ANE LONGSTREET HANLEY, AB'48FERGUS FALLS, MINNESOTAOf, for, and by the alumniI may be wrong, but I was led to believethat the purpose of a university was to fa­cilitate discussion about virtually anyand all matters relating to life on this planet.Why is it that this discussion should be en­couraged as long as the tuition checks are roll­ing in and forever stifled thereafter?Why is it that the common press shouldbe encouraged to flourish while the almost­by-definition uncommon communication ofU ofC alums should be systematically stifled?Would it be too far from the truth to say thatorganizationally the only communication=­as in two-way exchange of ideas-that thepowers-that -be and hence the resulting sup­port bureaucracy are really interested in arethe yearly alumni hit 'em ups and the checkssent in response? My solution is simple. There are too manypowerful vested interests to significantlychange the structure of the current alumnimagazine. OK, it serves someone's interests,though it could be debated whether these aretruly those of the alumni. This magazine isfree, and the price is certainly right, regard­less of the structure.So why not offer a second alumni magazineof, for, and by the alumni themselves and notthe department heads? They would be wel­come to contribute, but as equals, not as gods.And of course there would be a yearly fee forproduction and distribution, but charged onlyto those alums who desire to participate in thistrue Association of University of ChicagoAlumni. A journal and some social eventsshould be available for under $40 a year, un­der $20 for just a journal. It's an idea whosetime is long overdue and the alumni them­selves, not just the bureaucracy, should havesome say in whether it gets off the ground.The issue is, for whose benefit does theAlumni Association exist? The Alumni Asso­ciation should be your association, and if yousupport this revolutionary concept and wouldlike to personally participate in and contributeto "the Life of the Mind" throughout your en­tire life, write these good people and say so.And if you really want them to sit up and takenotice, include a positive endorsement of thisAssociation concept along with your alumnicontribution.JACK RUSIN, AB'75OAK LAWN, ILLINOISMore against BellelheimI could not agree more with all of thesentiments expressed about Bruno Bet­telheim in the letter from Alida Jatich(OCTOBER/90) .When I read of his death, I actually cheered.The world of students and disturbed childrenhad suffered his Gestapo tactics quite longenough. The only things I learned in the classI took with him were 1) how common it is forprisoners of war to identify with and assumethe behaviors of their jailers, as he did; 2) howstudents can be humiliated before the entireclass on an everyday basis for such things asasking intelligent questions; 3) how to wastean entire quarter turning in weekly assign- REUNION1991June 7-9UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990>r i >t�� u::J><::s T- ,�J::1<1991WinterWeekendsEgyptology and ���the Work of theOriental InstituteJanuary 25-27Lectures, discussions, andspecial behind-the-scenes toursat the Oriental Institute and theField Museum will focus onseven decades of work byChicago Egyptologists topreserve ancient treasures.Frank Lloyd Wright:At Home inthe LandscapeMarch 8-10Architectural historians andscholars will explore Wright'sconcepts of building on theprairie-ideas that culminatedin his revolutionary design ofRobie House. Private tours ofWright buildings in Oak Parkand Hyde Park will illuminatethis view of the great Americanarchitect in his prime.Special weekend packagesinclude accommodations at fineChicago hotels, several meals,and transportation duringthe program.Send for detailed brochures orcall 312/702-2160.Winter Weekends are sponsoredby the Alumni Association inconjunction with the Office ofContinuing Education and theCentennial Office.---------------------------Please send me information ono Egyptology and the Work ofthe Oriental Instituteo Frank Lloyd Wright: At Homein the LandscapeName__Address_City State __Zip code__Daytime Telephone _Return to Winter Weekends,Robie House, 5757 S. WoodlawnAvenue, Chicago, IL 60637. ments he admitted no one would ever read;and 4) how to do very poorly on a final examwhich had absolutely nothing to do with theassignments or anything he ever said in class.The University made a dreadful mistakewhen it hired that beast. I do hope that itsmistake will not be compounded in any wayby continuing to associate his name withits own.LINDA BUDD, AB'74, AM'75FAIRPLAY, COLORADORepudiatiDglbe repudiatioDIn the early 1950s I took my first coursewith Mr. Bettelheim. When the classmet, he announced that those who wereimpressed with the "melody of their ownvoices" should choose another course. Hestated that in eight weeks he could not moti­vate positively, but negatively he could do anexcellent job. Love is Not Enough was on hisreading list. I asked for his definition of love.He responded that it was a stupid question. Itold him that there are two forms oflove. Oneis cerebral and the other is emotional, and thatit would expedite my reading of his book if Icould have his definition. Bettelheim spentthe rest of the period discussing various typesoflove. I enjoyed the experience so much thatI enrolled in every course he offered short ofthe clinical practicum. For me, he was alwaysapproachable even though he had no time forsmall talk.As for the child abuse, I doubt that it everhappened during the period the critical writerwas in the Orthogenic School. If it did exist,there was ample time for her parents-andother parents-to go to the University offi­cials. Further, I am confident that the Univer­sity would have intervened. If the parentswere intimidated, the writer had sufficienttime to protest her treatment.As far as the repudiation of Bettelheim'smethodologies are concerned, support forthem can also be found in respected circles.To attack the memory of Bette1heim is utter­ly disgraceful.DUNCAN R.C. Scan, AB'47COLUMBUS, NORTH CAROLINAIDdefeaseAs a 63-year-old University of Chica­go "product," I come to the defenseof Dr. Bruno Bettelheim, that mostcontroversial man. I have spent a number ofhours, if not years, thinking about his impacton me and his intimidation of those who choseto be in his class or work at his school. He wasa man who believed that what he did madesome sense out of the chaos surrounding him,a chaos which outraged him. He certainlycould hit or grab a kid; the sadness is that he4 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 did not admit this in his writings or speeches.He loved to be in the position ofthe problem­solver; it was not easy to go to him with a prob­lem, but it certainly was reassuring that hewas there.He had no degree in psychology; he was anart historian by profession. But he knew thepower of the person; he cared and that caringinvolved anger and disdain-and even lashingout with his tongue or his hand. A great teach­er does not have to be likable. What Dr. Bet­telheim gave his students was a sense of integ­rity and caring. That's invaluable and not to beconfused with a temper outburst.CONSTANCE A. KATZENSTEIN,EHB'46, AM'49, PHD'71PACIFIC PALISADES, CALIFORNIAFocusiDg OD the cbildrenIf Alida Jatich has. reported accurately herabuse at the hands of Dr. Bettelheim dur­ing her residence at the OrthogenicSchool, this research center should not honorhis name.As a staff member during the years whenMandel Sherman and Helen Robinson direct­ed this operation, I received a better under­standing of causes and treatment of the devi­ant behavior of children who possess normalintelligence than from any class at the Univer­sity. Certainly the research at this school con­tributed to today's knowledge that self accept­ance is crucial to adjustment. Much of valuein the field of child development has been test­ed during the past 50 years, but even thenabuse was not considered acceptabletherapy.An excellent subject of research would be astudy of the survival and eventual graduationfrom the University of Chicago of one whohad suffered six years of such demeaningtreatment.FRANCES CUSHMAN PIERCE, PHB' 31VANCOUVER, WASHINGTONBow 10 avoid Duclear warLeonard Stein's letter in the October is­sue criticizes Dr. Christine Cassel andthe Physicians for Social Responsibil­ity for their work in educating the public aboutthe medical consequences of nuclear war andfor their dedication to eliminating nuclearweapons. He implies that these efforts arefoolish because there has been no nuclear warsince 1945, and PSR cannot claim to have pre­vented a nuclear war. I must say that the logicof his argument escapes me.lt is amazing how many seemingly intelli­gent people believe that, because there hasbeen no nuclear war since 1945, therefore theU.S. and the U.S.S.R. were justified in spend­ing hundreds of billions of dollars to build tensof thousands of strategic nuclear weapons.Apparently, the argument is that we had tospend all this money and dedicate our besttechnical brain power and resources to devel­oping these weapons in order to make surethat they are never used. This strange logicprobably explains why they also supportspending more hundreds of billions on "StarWars" development, hoping to get some sortof" defense" which may be able to shoot downsome of these missiles in case they are used.Apparently, they believe that it is simple­minded and naive to think it would be simpler,cheaper, and more effective to avoid nuclearwar by destroying nuclear weapons and devel­oping international monitoring and controlsystems to prevent clandestine nuclear weap­on development.It would seem that apologists for our sense­less, self-destructive nuclear weapons pro­gram would realize by now that both we andthe Russians have undermined the wholecomplex infrastructure which makes a nationreally great and powerful by concentrating somuch of our resources on this uncontrolledrace to develop high technology weapons.The world has changed drastically since1945, yet we stubbornly cling to policies de­signed to meet post-war challenges.Not only do we lack the authority and wis­dom to police the world; we also lack the pow­er and resources. Our proper role is to take thelead in developing and working with effectiveinternational institutions which can preventthe spread of these indiscriminately destruc­tive weapons which are now threatening to getcompletely out of control.ALBERT A. SCHY, SB'42HAMPlDN, VIRGINIABelpwantedAttention, alumni: talking with realpeople in real jobs is one of the bestways for graduating seniors andalumni to make career choices. As a U ni versi­ty of Chicago graduate working in a profes­sional or technical career, you would be anideal candidate for our alumni contact files.Become an alumni contact and help out! Call3121702-1156 for details.LINDA PUTNAMCAREER AND PLACEMENT SERVICESKeep the saDIe old songAn ad in the October issue of the Uni­versity of Chicago Magazine an­nounced a centennial competition fora new Alma Mater. It stated, "No more bor­rowed melodies-(the current tune was writ­ten for the University of Rochester) " and "nomore mysterious lyrics-(what are benisonsand where does that sentence end?)." This THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATIONInvites you to join distinguished faculty and alumni friendsparticipating in the alumni travel/study programs scheduled for 1991Voyage to AntarcticaFebruary 1-15A cruise aboard the M. V. Illiriato the world's last frontier,accompanied by the ship's staffof naturalists and our facultylecturer Michael LaBarbera,Associate Professor in theDepartments of OrganismalBiology and Anatomy, GeophysicalSciences, and the Committee onEvolutionary Biology.Islands of the Indian OceanMarch 13-28Traveling the spice route fromZanzibar to the Seychelles, thevoyage will focus on the naturalbeauty of the islands and thediversity of their wildlife.Professor Stevan Arnold of theDepartment of Ecology andEvolution and the Committee onEvolutionary Biology will discussisland ecology and how distinctspecies have developed in isolatedanimal populations.Budapest:Crown Jewel of HungaryMarch 7-14This low-cost excursion to one ofthe most beautiful cities in Europewill include transportation,accommodation and breakfast ata four-star hotel, and the servicesof a tour director. A variety ofoptional tours and cultural eventswill be available, including afour-day excursion to Prague.Michael Camille, AssociateProfessor of Art History, will guideus to the art and architectureof this jewel of a city. In the Wake ofLewis and ClarkMay 19-26A spring cruise on the Columbiaand Snake Rivers from Portlandto Pasco will explore the history,geology, and nature of theremarkable river system thatplayed a vital part in the openingof the American West.Walking Tourin SwitzerlandJune 6-22Participants will choose amongdaily guided hikes or strolls fromEngleberg, Zermatt, Celerina,and Appenzell. The trip will beled by Professor MihalyCsikszentmihalyi, author ofthe acclaimed Flow: ThePsychology of Optimal Experience.Alaskan Wilderness and. Native CulturesJuly 26-August 6By ship, rail, and air we will visitsome of the most scenic areas ofAlaska's coastline and interior.Professor Jerrold Sadock, an experton the native languages andcultures of the region, will beour faculty lecturer.Also planned for 1991Study trips to the Baltic Republics,Rhine and Mosel Rivers, SouthernSpain, Southeast Asia, Adriaticand Tyrrhenian Seas, andWashington, D.C.For further information and brochures or to be added to our travel/studymailing list, call or write to Laura Gruen, Associate Director, University ofChicago Alumni Association, 5757 South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL312/702-2160.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 5Where is your diploma?Tucked away in a drawer?Or in a plain frame?Order one of these uniqueand attractive frames foryourself - or for a perfect gift.These frames come ready for you toinsert a diploma next to a vibrant8" x 10" color photograph of Rocke­feller Chapel or the Reynolds Club(specify choice when ordering) in apremium quality 14" X 22" gold colormetal frame with maroon mat underglass. This frame is for an 8W' x 11"diploma. Other sizes upon request.$69.95 ea. Michigan residents add4% tax. Please include $5.00 ea. forshipping and handling - continentalUSA only. Payment can be by check,money order, VISA, or MasterCard.Include full account number and expir­ation date for credit card orders.Phone orders welcome - (517) 351-1788Satisfaction GuaranteedPbR Photography profesS,iOn,"' ,Mom""i• Picture �603 Woodmgham Dr. Framers....,Association IE. Lansing, MI 488236 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990disagreeable state of affairs has aggravatedmy chronic dyspepsia. I take bicarbonate andpen in hand to protest.The concern about borrowed melodies isspecious at best.- The tune of "Fair Harvard" is "BelieveMe if All Those Endearing Young Charms."- "Hail Pennsylvania!" was taken from theimperial Russian anthem, "Hail to theTsar."- Yale's "Bright College Years" was origi­nally Kaiser Wilhelm's military march,"Watch on the Rhine."-NYU's "Violet" was taken from ''AuraLee, " a sentimental 19th-century balladwhich was later decomposed into "Love MeTender" for Elvis Presley.- Even the most familiar of all collegesongs, Cornell's Alma Mater, comes from aScottish song, ''Annie Lisle," and may havebeen predated by an English song called"Amici."The fact that Chicago uses another school'ssong reinforces a fine old American tradition.We know the Miami University (Ohio) fightsong is really "Wave the Flag for Old Chica­go." Syracuse shares Cornell's melody. Howmany small Catholic prep schools and col­leges cheer for old Notre Dame in one form oranother? Even in New York, my mother's highschool song and colors were borrowed fromthe University of Illinois.As to the business of the lyrics, this is partic­ularly exasperating. Legend has it that EdwinLewis, a graduate student, dashed them off ina few minutes for a glee club performance.What a pity he wasn't on the train to Gettys­burg with a pencil and an envelope. Obvious­ly, had Lewis had the time he could havepenned lyrics with the clarity and simplicityof Northwestern's Alma Mater (lyrics byFranz Josef Haydn): "Quaecumque suntvera,! Proba, juste, mera,/ Omnia haec donalPraebes nobis bona,/ Alma Mater cara,!Benedicta, clara,/ Celsa in honore/ Nostro etamore!"Speaking of clarity, what would the follow­ing mean if translated into English? "FairHarvard! Thy sons to thy jubilee throng,! Andwith blessings surrender thee o'er,/ By thesefestival rites, from the age that is past,/ To theage that is waiting before. / 0 relic and type ofour ancestors worth,! That has long kept thememory warm,/ First flow'r of their wilder­ness! star of their night,! Calm rising thro'change and thro' storm!"The music and lyrics of most Alma Maters-in fact, most college songs-range from theincomprehensible to the insipid, and thatcould be a major part of their charm. Howev­er, I think that Chicago's Alma Mater standsthe test of time. It is sort of singable. It onlyspans an octave, not especially taxing to themonotones of my generation. Its funereal me- ter is particularly reminiscent of the slog fromBurton-Judson to Cobb Hall in mid- February.And reread the second verse: "Her mightylearning we would tell,/ tho' life is somethingmore than lore;/ She could not love her chil­dren well,! Loved she not truth and honormore.! We praise her breadth of charity,/ Herfaith that truth shall make us free,/ That rightshall live .eternally./ We praise our AlmaMater."Maybe these words are a bit turgid and con­tain some of the maudlin sentimentality of by­gone days, but don't they embody the objec­tives, priorities, and spirit of the University ina remarkable way? Let's think again before wecome up with some mediocre, forgettablesubstitute.STEPHENB. ApPEL, AB'54, MBA'59CINCINNATI, OHIODUreduxTo say I was dismayed to read the letterby James Kazanis (Letters, SUM­MER/90) about Delta Upsilon wouldbe a gross understatement. Mr. Kazanis's de­pressing view ofDU as he saw it several yearsago does not reflect, or even come close to,the status of the fraternity as it stands today.Believe me, I should know: I was president ofthe undergraduate chapter ofDU in 89-90. Astrong feeling of "fraternity" pervadesthehouse, and with it comes the enthusiasm andverve of the current members, all of whom arededicated and energetic in their tasks. Rush isback as rush, not the little notes which Mr.Kazanis speaks of. The house is in ever­improving condition, the charter and awardshang once again over the fireplace, ties withother Greek organizations have been re­forged, and, yes, the members even memo­rize the traditional fraternity songs. Spiritsare higher than they have been in many ayear.DU has once again become a strong and via­ble force on campus, containing young menwho are active in all aspects of campus life:crew; sailing, track, theater, and music are afew examples. In the future, I would cautionMr. Kazanis to limit his statements to thosethings he experiences firsthand. His absence atthe last few meetings and IF sings was keenlyfelt. He's welcome to come by and visit his fra­ternity for as long as it remains standing.DAVE AUERBACH, AB '90SETAUKET, NEW YORKCorrectionI was very distressed to see the death no­tice for my sister, Beatrice Bunes Berg,AB '38, placed in the staff notices section(SUMMER/90) when she was better knownas a student and also to see her maiden nameindicated only by an initial when she was bet­ter known by that name.BETTY BUNES WOLFSON, PHB' 45SYRACUSE, NEW YORKA double dose of witchesJudging by David Bevington's article("Reconstructing Shakespeare,"SPRING/90), one thing Shakespeare accomplished, though it's impossible to believehe could have foreseen the glory and prestigeit would bring him, was to provide gainful em­ployment for legions of past, present, and fu­ture generations of academicians. As a sort ofby-product, the Bard, through the centuries,also provided employment, not always verygainful, for countless actors, directors, pro­ducers, designers, stagehands, backers, andother souls who make possible visible andspoken drama.I had the good fortune to be one of these(actor) on a few occasions, the most notablebeing the 1948 staging by Theatre Inc. ofMacbeth, starring Dame Flora Robson andSir Michael Redgrave. Our production had anunusual feature that might have interested Dr.Bevington: we had six witches. This wasthanks to Mr. Redgrave and his interpretationof the lines of the First Witch in Act IV, Scenei, spoken in reply to Macbeth's seeking a fur­ther prophecy: "Say, if thou 'dst hear it ratherfrom our mouths,1 Or from our masters?"Mr. Redgrave speculated that the "masters"could be warlocks (Scottish for male witches)and with his colleagues acting on his assump­tion, there were, for a time, three fewer mem­bers of the Actor's Equity "at liberty." Thewitches' usual lines were split up among us.We were formidable presences, nine feettall, draped in flowing funereal robes, the up­per footage being grim-visaged papier-macheheads mounted on poles anchored in flagbuckets which we balanced with our lefthands, leaving our right arms free to gesture.(We rationalized that our warlocks were bornwith withered left arms.)I don't know whether our interpretation ofShakespeare was feminist, Oedipal, misogy­nist, deconstructive, or dyspeptic, but it surewas one helluvan experience.HARRY M. HESS, JR., AB' 40NEW YORK CITYThe University of Chicago Magazine invitesletters from readers on the contents of themagazine or on topics related to the Universi­ty. Letters for publication, which must besigned, may be editedfor length and/or clari­ty. To ensure the widest range of voices, pref­erence will be given to letters of500 words orless. Letters should be addressed to: Editor,University of Chicago Magazine, 5757Woodlawn Ave., Chicago, IL 60637. Live - Your Own Lifestyleat Casa DorindaCASA DORINDA is situated on an historic 48-acre Montecito estatenestled beneath graceful oak trees between the mountains and the PacificOcean. It offers active and gracious retirement living with comprehensivemedical care and freedom from household obligations.Casa Dorinda has 241 apartments ranging in size from studios to largetwo bedrooms, a splendid dining room, licensed health facilities and well­trained, experienced staff.For more information, call or write Casa Dorinda admissions,300·C Hot Springs Road, Santa Barbara, California 93108, (805) 969-8011.Name __Address _______________________ State Zip --,-C 12/90�A Superb Retirement CommunityLocated in Picturesque Santa BarbaraLicense #421700160UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 7ourseWorkA Pillar ofWesternCivilization On the first Tuesda.y of the fall quar­ter, a large-boned man in his mid­sixties steps into Cobb 115 andplaces some papers on a sunnywindow ledge. He rearranges chairs, checksthe thermostat, exits the room. Promptly atten o'clock, he returns and goes to the black­board, picks up a stick of chalk, and prints inbig letters:WEINTRAUBWieboldt Hall 402Tues 830_930Thu 115_215Dusting chalk from his fingers, he announcesto the waiting students, "This is History 131,Section 11. I'm Mr. Weintraub."Karl Joachim Weintraub, AB'49, AM'52,PhD' 57, has taught History 131, "History ofWestern Civilization I, II, III," every yearsince 1954. During those years, the ThomasE. Donnelley Distinguished Service Profes-The readings are tough,and so are the questions,but for generations ofstudents, history professorKarl Weintraub has been atthe hean of their Chicagoexperience.8 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 sor has won two Quantrell awards for excel­lence in undergraduate teaching-one in 1960and another in 1987.For the moment, the gaze from the profes­sor's black-rimmed glasses is benign, and sois his tone. The first day of class is "in someways a waste, " he declares in a deep, German­ic voice. But, left hand in his trouser pocket,right hand fingering some chalk, he pacesfrom east to west, proceeding briskly throughthe academic housekeeping.First, names. "I will make a strenuous effortto get to know your names, but not today."(Two sessions later, he will call roll, slowlymatching faces to names, each preceded by"Mister" or "Miss," as he jots down correctpronunciations. )Readings. Along with three volumes ofReadings in »estern Civilization (developedat Chicago some 40 years ago), students willneed Thucydides's The Peloponnesian Ubr;The New Testament; and Augustine's Confes­sions. They'll also consult a historical atlasand a history handbook. "Chronologically,some dates are starred. I expect you to learnthose in the same dumb way that you learnirregular verbs in French. I will feel free toexamine you on those, OK?"Class participation. "I will call on you inclass. If this makes you psychologically un­comfortable, you may want to transfer toanother section."Examinations. It is, he says disdainfully, "atopic I don't particularly care about, but youdo." So: "I will not have a rnidquarter exami­nation. I will not have a paper written in thisquarter." There will be a final exam-a take­home essay and an in-class test of definitions,terms, events. Absentmindedly rolling up hissyllabus, he concludes, "The less it is on yourmind and the more you concentrate on thework, the better you will do."Meeting times. Weintraub's section meetsan extra time each week. "The older I get, theharder it is to get through this material," heexplains. "Not because I start rambling, butbecause I see more connections that I want toimpart to you. If time is such a factor for you, Iadvise you to register for another section."Warnings and preliminaries finished, hedraws a line of chalk across the board.This course, he begins, will not surveyWestern history. Rather, it will "cut out cer­tain sections in the whole main flow of his­tory." He'll begin with "the ancient polis, theancient city state as it developed in Greece be­tween 600 and 400 B. C. " He chalks two heavyvertical bars at the line's far left."Then we skip a whole long age and hop on­to another one of these islands." A section onRome's transformation from republic intoempire will be followed by one on Christiani­ty's emergence as a world religion. "Thatleads us back to the Roman world, and thestrange amalgam of the tradition that comesout of Athens and the tradition that comes outof Jerusalem. "In subsequent quarters, the "island" hop­ping will include the European medievalworld, the Renaissance and the Reformation,what he calls "the fundamental transforma­tions" of the 19th century, and "how elementsfrom the 19th century affected the beginningof the 20th century." History will end, forWeintraub's purposes, with World War II."I have a methodological problem as I get tothe more modern age, " he confesses. "WhenI study the Athenian polis, I can see it fromsome distance. With the 20th century, I feelat a loss. I feel as if I'm looking out a cellarwindow at the world."He stops. "In my own life, the Nazi period wasobviously a crucial, central experience." (Hespent the Second World War in the Netherlands,some of it hiding from the Germans in a closet­sizedspace.) "But when I force myself to be ahistorian-to look back from 2150-I'm notsure those 12 years of Nazi rule are deserving ofall the attention they are getting. Maybe they areonly an aspect of a different problem-a form oftotalitarianism. "He scrawls "a primitive equation" on theboard: "subject-knower-knowledge." "Inhistory we have a system in which the knoweris very hard to extricate from the know ledgeyou are to get."With a few quick strokes, Karl Weintraubstars the line with a chalky asterisk. It repre­sents each student. "Here I stand-1990-ayoung American who in some way is relatedto that tradition. How did I come here? Howdid the essential things that happened in thetradition help to shape who I am?"I ask you to indulge in a proposition for thesake of this course: Man has no nature. All hehas is his history. This suggests that what youare in biological terms has no particularmeaning. What is more important is what thisbiological creature has made over the years.What you do, what you believe in, what lan­guage you talk-all are given to you. Now Iknow it's an exaggeration, but for this course Ithink it's a useful exaggeration.''At the same time that I'm stressing that,"he cautions, "I will ask you to do exactly theopposite."Your task now is to understand Solon andnot yourself. You won't be able to understandSolon on your terms. You'll have to under­stand Solon on his terms. Subsequently, youcan make a judgment, but you have no right tomake that judgment until you can understandhim."On Wednesday night, the waiting studentspore over Thucydides. (The day's assignmentincludes "Book V, chs. 25-6; Bk.I, chs.1-23; Bk. 11, chs. 14-16.") Weintraub begins with a lecture "which I wrote many years agoon the world of Homer." His typescript isyellowing, its edges worn, but his reading isneither dusty nor dry."We need to free ourselves of our own pre­conceptions, so play that game now," he urg­es, as he describes a culture that sees "nodistinction between inner and outer man. Theinner man is given only through his outeractions.""This kind of man would not know what it isto go into the world"-Weintraub gives thenext phrase an ironic intonation- "to findhimself Homeric man lives not in aconscience-directed but in a shame-directedworld."On balance, no one has the illusion that hu­man existence is an enjoyable thing. LikeWinlrallb'S firs.question, asked of a youngman near the blackboard,is unexpected: "What didyou do in order to preparefor this class?"leaves," he says, voice falling, "the genera­tions come and are blown away. "When the lecture is over, he returns the pa­pers to his window-ledge desk. In the ten min­utes left, he announces, "I will start our dis­cussion of the assigned text." Around theroom, students touch-as if for luck-theirgleaming, ivy-green volumes of The Pelopon­nesian UUr.Weintraub's first question, asked of a youngman near the board, is unexpected: "What didyou do in order to prepare for this class?""I read the text," replies the student, per-haps sensing safety in brevity."What does that mean?""I read it once, read it again. ""What did you come up with?""It seemed like a summary of the war."''A. summary?" Weintraub queries. "Whatwas the author telling you?" He turns to a sec­ond student. "You?""It was a special war," she responds."The author wants you to understand that thisis a special war?" Weintraub's tall frame rocksback and forth. "What's special about it?"It's the biggest war ever.""It's the biggest war ever. Anything elseyou want to add to that?" There isn't. "Howabout you?"Hesitant answers and staccato questions.Then Weintraub asks the class: "Can youpossibly figure out what earthly sense there can be in giving you this assignment?"Downward looks. He asks another ques­tion: "If you're a really good journalist, whatis the first thing you ask of a text?"Now, uncertainty colors every syllable ofthe student replies: "Why is the writer writingit?" "The reliability of the source?""You ask who, what, when, where, why,"Weintraub provides his own answer. "You tryto place the document itself historically."Why would the author say, 'I'm going towrite about the Peloponnesian War and thePeloponnesian War is the greatest ever'?""Thucydides was an Athenian," a youngwoman says in answer."What does that mean?""He was on the losing side.""What kind of idiocy is it on my part,"Weintraub wonders, his voice tinged with in­credulity, "to assign you a text that tells whathappens when the author is on the losingside?"Why in heaven's name do we want to startwith the Peloponnesian War?" he demands."What were you really supposed to bereading?"A doubtful voice: "There were two majortribes and-""What does the assignment sheet say?"Weintraub interrupts. Quick and guiltyglances at the reading list."'Character and the Beginning of the Po­lis. ' " He lets the words sink in. "If you just satthere and said, What is Thucydides going totell me? you didn't really do your job."The text is source material in which you'resupposed to dig around. Instead, you satthere, like a brave little reader, and let Thucy­dides lead you."You can't read these texts without learninghow to ask questions from these texts." Hisvoice, almost singsong, comes down heavilyon the important words."This assignment is 150,000 words. Youhave to try to approach these words with ques­tions to which the text, the author, might sup­ply answers. Otherwise you're simply thecaptive of the author of the text. That's notwhat you want to be when you're a liberallyeducated human being."He says more quietly, "I'm sorry to embar­rass you, but this is an important lesson. We'reworking on questions. Eventually, you'lllearn how to ask questions. We want to use thetext to cull from it what Thucydides has to sayabout how a person from around 400 B. C.thinks about character." A pause. "We'll con­tinue with this tomorrow. In what ways doesthe material help us to answer. who, what,when, where?"Class is over. As he cradles his stack of pa­pers and book, Karl Weintraub asks thenight's final question. "Will the last one outturn the lights out?" -M.R. Y.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 9FOR THE RECORDAnn Camilli Wilson, 83,died in Silver Spring, MD,on September 13, afewweeks after the death of herhusband,former U ofCpresident John Wilson. Anactive supporter of U of Cwomen's athletics, Mrs.Wilson was honored with ascholarship in her name in1978. She also served on theU of C Women's Board andwas formerly a member ofthe board's steeringcommittee.About 30 U ofC studentswere among 6,500 partici­pants in an environmentalconference at the Univer­sity of illinois, Urbana­Champaign, in October.Will Toor, SM'88, aphysicsgraduate student anddirector of UCRecycle,cochaired the nationalstudent event. Speakersincluded Dr. Helen Caldi­cott, Robert Redford, andRalph Nader. A Nobel acceptaDceiDto the "motherchurch" of ecoDomicsWHEN THE PHONE CALLcame Tuesday, October16, to inform MertonMiller that he would receive thisyear's Nobel Memorial Prize in Ec­onomic Science, his first reactionwas one of "indignation."Miller, the Robert R. McCormickDistinguished Service Professor inthe Graduate School of Business,explains that his wife, KatherineDusak Miller, AB'65, MBA' 68 ,PhD'71 , answered a call at 5:45a.m. The receiver went dead, "sowhen it rang again, 1 told her, 'Allright, let ME get this one. ,,, Thenhe heard the caller's Swedish accentand knew. "I barely had time tocome down from the ceiling to thefloor" when the first of dozens ofmedia calls came, asking Millerhow he felt, how he'd spend themoney he'd won, and just what itwas he'd won it for?Along with Nobel co-recipientsHarry M. Markowitz, PhB' 47,AM'50, PhD'54, of City Universi­ty of New York and William F.Sharpe of Stanford University,Miller is considered a founding fa­ther of the science of corporatefinancing. Their theories spurredan explosion of investment productsand techniques that characterize to­day's complex and sophisticatedfinancial markets."This is the first Nobel given pri­marily for work in finance, " Millernoted during a Tuesday morning10 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 press conference, "so it shows we'refinally accepted into the motherchurch of economics."The three will equally share theprize, which this year totals fourmillion Swedish crowns, or about$710,000. The economics prizewas established in 1968 by theSwedish Central Bank and is thusdistinct from Nobel prizes in phys­ics, chemistry, medicine, literature,and peace, set up in 1901 underterms of Swedish industrialist Al­fred Nobel's will.Miller's award brings to eight the number of N obellaureates now onthe U of C faculty. Thirteen of 30Nobel winners in economics werestudents, did research, or taught atthe U of C. With the addition ofMiller and Markowitz in econom­ics and Jerome Friedman, AB'50,SM'53, PhD'56 (see accompany­ing story) in physics, a total of 61faculty or former students of theUniversity have become laureates.Miller and Markowitz had dis­tinctly different days after the awardwas announced. Miller, introducedby President Hanna Gray, adroitlyhandled questions from a crowdedroom of reporters in RosenwaldHall, and was later toasted at achampagne reception by students,faculty, and friends-including pastNobel economics winners anddistinguished professors emeritiGeorge J. Stigler, PhD'38, andSkoal!: GSB Students toast Miller at the Quad Club.Kiss and Nobel: Katherine andMerton Miller.Theodore W. Schultz. (Miller didnot let the festivities stop him fromteaching his 9:30 a.m. class, "Spe­cial Topics in Finance," where stu­dents gave him a standing ovation,then settled in for a one-hour lectureon corporate business practices.)In contrast, Markowitz-who wasin Japan, where he is visiting pro­fessor at the University of Tokyo­took congratulations calls for awhile and then turned off the phoneso he and his wife, Barbara, couldget some sleep. In a succinct state­ment to the press, he said he was"gratified by the international rec­ognition. But I'll be happy whenthe attention dies down and I cango back to my students and ablackboard. "Markowitz has taught at BaruchCollege of the City University ofNew York since 1982, and now alsoworks as a consultant to Daiwa Secu­rities, a Japanese investment house.Before Baruch, he had worked at theRand Corporation in California andwas an IBM researcher, developingSIMSCRIPT, a computer languageused to simulate large-scale econom­ic scenarios.Markowitz laid the groundworkfor later financial theories bySharpe and Miller with the portfolioinvestment theories he first devel­oped in a 1955 Ph.D. dissertationat Chicago. With his extensivemathematical training, Markowitzworked out formulas that showedhow to measure the risk associatedwith different assets and how to mixassets to achieve the maximum like­ly overall return with the least possi­ble risk.Sharpe expanded on Markowitz's theory to develop the Capital AssetPricing Model, now widely used byinvestment firms to predict, for in­stance, how a stock will perform inrelation to the overall market. Mil­ler took the Markowitz approach ina different direction. With 1985 No­bel Prize winner Franco Modiglianiof MIT, he developed the M&MTheorems, which are "the founda­tion for all corporate finance,"according to Kenneth French, theChicago Mercantile Professor inthe GSB.The M&M Theorems proposethat the way a corporation funds itsoperations-whether through. bonds that increase its debt orthrough stocks that disperse its own­ership-is far less important to in­vestors than the profitability ofthose operations. What counted,they concluded, were the skills of acompany's managers and how muchcash a company's plant and equip­ment generated. Thus, a company'sdividend policy does not affect itsoverall value. As Miller put it in hispress conference, "What really de­termines the profitability of firmsare their underlying assets andmanagement, not how they arestructured. "Miller graduated from Harvard in1944, and received his Ph.D. ineco­nomics at Johns Hopkins in 1952.After teaching at the London Schoolof Economics and Carnegie Mel­lon, he joined Chicago's faculty in1961. Miller has also been active inthe Chicago trading community. Heis on the board of directors of Chica­go's Board of Trade and this yearwas made public director of the Chi­cago Mercantile Exchange. He'salso a member of the New YorkStock Exchange's advisory panelon market volatility and investorconfidence.Although questions during hispress conference focused on thecurrent jittery state of the economy,Miller's mood remained irrepress­ibly ebullient. Asked about thefederal budget deficit, he quipped,"This is the U of C, and we don'tworry too much about those things.I'm not as pessimistic as some, cer­tainly. In fact, after today I'm veryoptimistic. "Responding to the inevitable que­ry, "What will you do with yourprize money?" Miller said, "I willfirst talk to my wife." (Katherine Dusak Miller is treasurer for theSanwa Corporation of Chicago.) "Idecide what to do about the budgetin Washington and she decides whatto do about it in Chicago. "Alumnus gelsprize for quark-ydiscoveryJEROME FRIEDMAN, AB'50,SM'53, PhD'56, a professor atthe Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, shared the 1990 NobelPrize for Physics with MIT col­league Henry Kendall and RichardTaylor of Stanford University. Thethree men were recognized for a se­ries of experiments, conducted inthe late 1960s and early 1970s at theStanford Linear Accelerator Centerin California, which proved theexistence of quarks.Named after a whimsical wordused in James Joyce's FinnegansWake, quarks were little more than amathematical crutch when Caltechphysicist Murray Gell-Manncoined the term in 1964 as part of atheory on the basic building blocksof matter.In their experiments, Friedmanand his colleagues used Stanford'stwo-mile long particle acceleratorto bombard protons of hydrogen nu­clei with electrons. With detectioninstruments called magnetic spec­trometers, the group tracked thecourse and energy of each electronscattered.The results showed that both pro­tons and neutrons contained smallerpackets of hard, electrically­charged particles-whose behaviorwas compatible with that of Gell­Mann's theorized quarks.Steven. Weinberg, a University ofTexas physicist and 1979 Nobellau­reate, described the experiment toreporters as a "landmark" compa­rable to Ernest Rutherford's 1911work proving the existence of thenucleus of the atom.Friedman learned about the honoron October 17 in Fort Worth, Texas,where he was attending a meetingon the Superconducting Supercolli­der (SSC) Laboratory, scheduledfor construction near Waxahachie,Texas, by the end of the century. Heis one of 16 international scientists Geoffrey Miller is theUniversity's first Kirkland &Ellis Professor in the LawSchool. An expert in lawand economics, Miller hastaught at the Law Schoolsince 1983, and served asassociate dean from 1987until 1989. The Chicago lawfirm of Kirkland & Ellisalso established chairs atHarvard and Northwesternlaw schools.By November, rising oilprices had had little effecton the University, whichuses natural gas as itsheating fuel. Lynn Bender,director of Facilities Plan­ning and Management, saidthat unless the Gulf crisiscontinues for a few moremonths, there shouldn't bea "huge impact" on theutilities budget. If naturalgas rates do go up, he said,they could be met by contin­gency funds normallybudgeted for potentialincreases in gas consump­tion in the event of abnor­mally cold weather.Computer scientist KetanMulmuley received a five­year, $500,000 fellowshipfrom the David and LucillePackard Foundation inSeptember. Mulmuley, whojoined the Chicago facultyin 1987, has made severalimportant discoveries incomputer science. His latestprojects are in computation­al geometry.According to the US.Department of Education,Chicago has more master'sand doctoral graduates (105between 1985 and 1988) inMiddle Eastern studies thanany other US. university.One attraction to the pro­gram, said Rashid Khalidi,associate professor in NearEastern Languages &Civilizations, is the scopeand quality of its researchmaterials, which "areprobably second only to theLibrary of Congress. "UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 11Tetsuya Theodore Fujita,known by students andcolleagues as "Mr. Torna­do, " retires from teachingthis December after 25years in the Department ofGeophysical Sciences.Fujita, who developed awidely used scale formeasuring tornadoes'strength, will continue hisresearch at the University.He was named the CharlesE. Merriam DistinguishedService Professor in 1989.Employee contributionsto University health careprograms will rise in 1991.How much depends on theplan s total cost and-in thecase of the two HMO plans-on employees' income.The changes reflect findingsof a health benefits commit­tee chaired by SSA professorWilliam Pollak, CLA'76,who cited rises in nationalhealth care costs. Costs peremployee rose from anaverage $775 in 1980 toover $3,000 in 1989.Chemists honored: GerhardCloss will receive theAmerican Chemical Soci­ety's 1991 Arthur Copeaward for his work inorganic chemistry. Theaward includes a $15,000prize and a $30,000 unre­stricted research grant.James Norris, one of sixawarded the DOEs 1990Ernest Orlando LawrenceMemorial Award, received$10,000 for his work inphotosynthesis.The Julius Frankel Founda­tion of Chicago has made a$1,3 million grant to sup­port the University Hospi­tals' geriatrics program. Inaddition to creating a model20-bed unit for hospitalizedgeriatric patients, theFrankel Foundation grantwill support a continuingfellowship program ingeriatrics.12 providing direction for the SSC'sconstruction and operation. He andKendall are also collaborating onceagain, this time to design a particledetector to be installed at the SSe.A Chicago native, Friedman was aprotege of Enrico Fermi while atChicago. Among his fellow gradu­ate students in physics: JamesCronin, SM'53, PhD'55, Universi­ty professor in physics and a 1980Nobel laureate. Cooper, who chairs the Universi­ty's Visiting Committee for the Bio­logical Sciences, previously servedas a visiting professor in thePritzker School of Medicine. Hiscareer began in academic medi­cine: in 1960, he joined the surgeryfaculty at St. Louis University,where he had received M.D. andPh.D. degrees. From 1968 to 1974,he directed the National Heart andLung Institute.In 1974, Cooper joined the De­partment of Health, Education, andWelfare, eventually becoming as­sistant secretary for health. In 1977,he left HEW for Cornell UniversityMedical College, where he was aprofessor of surgery and pharma­cology and served as dean of thecollege and provost for medicalaffairs.Cooper joined Upjohn in 1980 asthe pharmaceutical firm's executiveUpjohn's CEOelected trusteeTHEODORE COOPER-CHAIR­man of the board, president,and chief executive officerof the Upjohn Company-waselected this fall to the University'sBoard of Trustees. vice president. In 1987, he waselected chairman of the board andchief executive officer. He becamepresident this year. Author of manybooks and articles on cardiovascu­lar physiology and pharmacology,he belongs to the editorial boards ofseveral scientific journals.Massey selected tohead NSFTHE UNIVERSITY REACTEDwith a mixture of pleasureand a sense of loss to thenews that Walter Massey, vice presi­dent for research and for ArgonneNational Laboratory, has beennominated as president of the Na­tional Science Foundation (NSF).Massey's nomination, announcedby President Bush on Sept. 14, isexpected to receive quick approvalafter Senate confirmation hearingsare held in January.With a $2 billion annual budget,the NSF provides most of the feder­al government's funding for basic,non-medical scientific research andis charged with strengthening re­search nationally and with improv­ing science and engineering educa­tion. Massey, who spent the fallquarter in Paris on sabbatical, willsucceed Eric Bloch, whose six-yearterm expired in August. .Calling the appointment "su­perb," President Hanna Gray saidthe White House "has chosen a dis­tinguished scientist, gifted adminis­trator, and eloquent spokesman forscience" to lead the NSF. During histenure at the University, Gray said,Massey has displayed "an uncom­mon ability to communicate the im­portance of basic science while en­couraging the most imaginativecooperative ventures with businessand government in pursuit of practi­cal application. He has also demon­strated a real, tangible commitmentto encouraging the quality of sci­ence education at every level andto widening access to careers inscience."Massey's relationship with theUniversity began in 1966 when heaccepted a postdoctoral position atArgonne National Laboratory. (Heearned his Ph.D. in physics fromWashington University that sameyear.) After faculty positions at theUniversity of Illinois and BrownUniversity, he served as Dean of theCollege at Brown from 1975 to1978. In 1979, he was appointed di­rector of Argonne and three yearslater became the University's vicepresident for research. He relin­quished the directorship in 1984 tobecome vice president for researchand for Argonne. Massey is a pastpresident of the American Asso­ciation for the Advancement ofScience.Last February, Massey was select­ed by Bush to serve on a newlycreated Council of Advisers on Sci­ence and Technology, a panel of 12scientists which advises the Presi­dent on science and technologyissues. He told the New York Timesthat serving on the Bush panel influ­enced his decision to accept theNSF directorship. "I've had achance to interact with senior ad­ministration officials, includingPresident Bush, and I believe theyare serious about supporting sci­ence and technology, " he said.Voices from the quadsSoviet communism neverworked, never delivered. Weinvested a lot of time and energyworrying that it could. But it canbarely transport a tomato fromGeorgia to Moscow ... .I would notturn it over to Yeltsin to reform,but to Federal Express.-PulitzerPrize-winning journalist DavidHalberstam, one of this year's Mar­jorie Kovler Fellows, speaking onhis book The Next Century.In undergraduate seminars ofthe Hutchins era, students wereencouraged to get an education byreading the great books themselvesrather than heaps of secondary liter­ature about them; to relate the au­thors' views of the universe andhuman nature to one another. Notinfrequently this ended up in treat­ing the great authors as if they in­teracted back and forth through theages. I heard an alumnus of the Hut­chins College say the other day thatsometimes it seemed like debatingNietzsche's influence on Plato's cri­tique of Rousseau.-Gerhard Cas­per, provost of the University, fromthe 1990 '�ims of Education"address. . Walter Massey: tappedfor NSRRecruiting issueaddressedPRESIDENT GRAY ANNOUNCEDin October that the Universi­ty would continue to allowU. S. armed forces recruiters oncampus, despite requests from sev-S addam Hussein does not rep­resent an idea. There will be nosuch thing as Saddamism left over inthe world after the real person Sad­dam Hussein vanishes, and I willguarantee that in 50 years he will bevanished without a trace .... He hasbeen trying to wrap himself in vari­ous guises of Islam, Pan Arab na­tionalism, and Iraqi nationalism,but essentially he is just a gangstertrying to knock over the world'slargest bank.-Francis Fukuyama,consultant, Rand Corporation andUS. Department of State, from hisspeech, "The End of History Revis­ited, "presentedbythelohnM. OlinCenter.I would like to live in a culturewhere there is no prejudgment atall, when a black child is asked toplay Schubert, as to the abilities andsensibilities of that black child.Similarly, if there was a hip-hopcontest, that there would be no pre­judgment if a white kid from Scars­dale came on stage.-Randall Ken­nedy, Harvard professor of law andkeynote speaker at the U of C LegalForum's symposium on Education,Law and Democracy. eral student groups that recruitersbe banned because of a federal poli­cy barring homosexuals from join­ing the military.In stating the University's posi­tion, Gray cited guidelines estab­lished in a 1967 University reportregarding the institution's publicstance in matters of social and polit­ical consequence.Gray also said that the Law Schoolwould maintain a separate policy onthe matter, in order to comply withthe bylaws of the Association ofAmerican Law Schools (AALS),an accrediting agency. Law SchoolDean Geoffrey Stone issued a sepa­rate statement declaring that· "noemployer, including the military,may utilize the placement facilities"of the Law School unless it com­plies with AALS bylaws, which re­quire employers using the schools'placement services to provide equalopportunity without discriminationon the grounds of race, color, reli­gion, national origin, sex, age,handicap or disability, or sexualAs a young faculty member,conspicuous abstention wasthe rule of the day. The first time Ibecame aware of this was in 1951when my wife, Peggy, and I boughta miserable little house on Green­wood Avenue. When we bought thehouse there was a television antennawhich the previous owner hadfound it not profitable to take down.I can assure you we spent the nexttwo years explaining to our friendsthat while the antenna had been leftthere, there was no television set,because obviously it would havebeen both extravagant and un speak -ably vulgar to own a set in those daysof Howdy Doody and wrestling.But this rule of conspicuous ab­stention has always been true. Theelbow patch is a badge of honor, andcheap California sherry is what youserve to your friends, even thoughyou may secretly engage in robustdollops of prime bourbon.­Edward Rosenh eim , AB '39,AM'46, PhD'53, the David B. andClara E. Stern Professor Emeritus,from his speech, "Midway Memoir:Unreliable Reminiscences of 55lears on Campus, " at the 1990 Hu­manities Open House. In September, the AmericanSociological Society select­ed William Julius Wilsonto receive the Du Bois­Johnson-Frazier Awardforhis contributions to thestudy of black issues relatedto sociology. Author of TheTruly Disadvantaged: TheInner City, The Underclassand Public Policy, Wilson isthe Lucy Flower UniversityProfessor in Sociology andthe Irving B. Harris Schoolof Public Policy.Johnsoniana: Stuart Sher­man, AM'76, assistantprofessor of English, nowedits the quarterly Johnso­nian News Letter. Mean­while, Gwin Kolb, AM'46,PhD'49, the Chester D.Tripp Professor Emeritus,who recently addressed theJohnsonian Society in NewYork, has had a new editionof Johnson's Rasselaspublished by the YaleUniversity Press.President Hanna Gray wasawarded the Commander'sCross of the Order of Meritof the Federal Republic ofGermany. The award waspresented Oct. 29 by theGerman ambassador to theU. S. , Jurgen Ruhfus, at theGerman Consul General'sresidence in Chicago. Grayreceived the distinction forher efforts in German­American and European­American scientificcooperation.The surprise announcementof a $1 million grant fromBaxter International, Inc.,to the Biological SciencesDivision was made duringthe Hospitals' Oct. 13 fund­raising gala. The grant willsupport the William B.Graham Fellows Programfor advanced study inimmunology and genetics.Graham, SB '32, JD '36, ischairman of Baxter and aUniversity trustee.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 13Music professor RalphShapey and feliow composerWilliam Kraft were first­place winners of this year'sFriedheim awards for neworchestral works, given bythe Kennedy Center inWashington. Shapey wonthe award for his Concertofor Celio, Piano, and StringOrchestra. Commemoratingthe pianist, composer, andteacher Arthur Friedheim,the award honors achieve­ments in chamber andorchestral music.The Law School studentnewspaper, the Phoenix,reported that several L-1 shave "reconstituted therecently deliquescent"Metaphysical Club. At itsfirst function, an Oct. 17dinner, "scrutiny descendedupon positive and normativeclaims alike, although theadvocates of perfect infor­mation declined to engagein empirical disputes. " Nodisputes were reported overthe dinner fare.The University directorylists Hubert Romanowski asa research associate in thebiochemistry department,but as of Oct. 27 he had anew title: consul general ofChicago's Polish Consu­late. Romanowski emigratedto Chicago in 1982 afterspending a month in aPolish prison for politicalactivism. A priority in hisnew job is to encourageChicago's Polish-Ameri­cans to invest in their nativeland.As part of a five-year plan toupgrade athletic and recre­ational facilities, the out­door track has been totallyresurfaced, along withtennis courts on Stagg Fieldand in the quads. Fields forsoccer andfor footballpractice have been totallyresodded, while Stagg hasbeen partially resodded.One future project: a top-to­bottom renovation of theHenry Crown Field Houseweight room. orientation.During the Winter 1989-90 quar­ter, several student groups­including the Gay and Lesbian LawStudents Association, Law Wom­en's Caucus, and the Black Law Stu­dents Association-published anopen letter to Stone asking that theLaw School "join NorthwesternLaw School, Stanford Law School,and Yale Law School" in prohibit­ing the use of placement facilities tomilitary recruiters in light of their"discrimination" against homosex­uals. Gray and Provost GerhardCasper met with students from bothsides of the Midway, as well as othermembers of the campus communi­ty, to discuss the issue, agreeing toprovide a short statement of the U ni­versity's position."The issue here is one of publicpolicy and of the appropriate meansto its discussion and reform," saidGray in the October statement, not­ing that the 1967 Kalven Report(named for its chairman, the lateHarry Kalven, Jr.) "explicitly con­fines the University'S action as pub­lic critic to those matters directlyconnected with its distinctive mis­sion of teaching and research."Gray said that by making theplacement services available to allstudents" within the limits set by ap­plicable law, the University nomore subscribes to the practices andopinions of military recruiters thanit identifies with a wide range ofviews for which the campus is regu­larly a forum."Nevertheless," the statementcontinues, "we wish to make clearthat by extending the opportunity tostudents to meet with representa­tives of the military ... we do not ex­press approval of a policy that re­jects the claims of individual meritand of open opportunity."I have written to the Secretary ofDefense to state my concern, " Grayconcluded, reminding those mem­bers of the University communitywho oppose the military's discrimi­nation policy that they "are free towrite to the Secretary, other mem­bers of the Executive Branch, andmembers of Congress. "The policy statement, publishedin both the University and the un­dergraduate newspapers, met withlittle outward student reaction;meanwhile, the Law School's stu­dent newspaper, The Phoenix,14 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 which followed the story all spring,carried an account of Dean Stone'sdecision in its Oct. 12 edition, underthe headline "Military RecruiterGets the Boot. "The "Great"debate cODtiDuesALLAN BLOOM TOLD THEOrganization of Black Stu­dents (OBS) that he'd love tobe on an Oct. 17 panel debating thevalidity of the current "GreatBooks" canon. But the timing waswrong: the professor, on <sabbaticalthis year, had already scheduled an­other engagement."We were disappointed that Mr.Bloom couldn't come, " said PatrickPhillips, a third-year student in theCollege who is OBS president. "Wereally wanted someone on the panelwho was a staunch advocate of thecanon as it exists, and he was an ob­vious choice." Bloom, PhB' 49,AM'53, PhD'55, professor in theCommittee' on Social Thought andthe College, declared in his 1987book The Closing of the AmericanMind that the "good old GreatBooks approach" was the "only se­rious solution" to the crisis inAmerican education.Despite Bloom's absence, Phillipssays, "I think we succeeded in ourmain objective-to put the issue outfor debate, to expose it." The panelassembled for the October debateincluded Lauren Berlant, associateprofessor in English; Edgar Epps,the Marshall Field Professor of Ed­ucation; William Balan Gaubert, agraduate student in philosophy;Wadad Kadi, professor in NearEastern Languages & Civiliza­tions; and Herman Sinaiko, AB'47,PhD' 61, professor in the Divisionof Humanities.Questions about the validity of a"Great Books" canon hit close tohome at the U of C, where the con­cept was born during the presidencyof Robert Maynard Hutchins, whoadvocated the idea that studentsshould. read the classies directly­rather than merely read about them-and then talk with their fellow stu­dents about what they had read. In1930, Hutchins and Mortimer J.Adler launched the first two-year"Great Books" course, accredited, but nonetheless experimental. In1952, Encyclopaedia Britannicapublished a 54-volume edition ofGreat Books of the l#stern Worldedited by Hutchins and Adler.The early critics of the GreatBooks complained that it was hardto tell one subject from another un­der the Hutchins-Adler program,with. its mixture of literature, sci­ence, theology, and philosophy. To­day, objections center on the issueof whether minorities, women, andnon-Western cultures are unfairlyexcluded from the Great Books can­on. Although a second edition of theGreat Books released this fall byBritannica included women for thefirst time (Jane Austen, GeorgeEliot, Virginia Woolf, and WillaCather), no blacks were among the130 authors in the 60-volume set.Adler, who served as editor-in­chief for the second edition, defend­ed the canon in the Oct. 25 New YorkTimes, pointing out to reporterEdwin McDowell that works byW.E.B. Du Bois, James Baldwin,Richard Wright, Alice Walker, andother black writers are cited as rec­ommended reading at the end ofmany chapters of Syntopicon, atwo- volume index in the set that cat­egorizes "Great Ideas. "Quoted in the Times, Adler pre­dicted that blacks will be repre­sented in subsequent editions, andwomen in larger numbers. "Butthey came very late into the pic­ture, " he said. "Before the 19th cen­tury, for instance, there were almostno women and black writers." Thecutoff date of works considered forthe second edition was 1955.Three criteria are applied in de­ciding if a book is "great," saidAdler: that the books be relevantto the contemporary world, beworth re-reading, and deal with thegreat ideas that confront readers inevery age.In the OBS debate on the subject(cosponsored by the Arab CultureClub), Wadad Kadi offered a morepersonal. definition of a "greatbook" as one that "when you readit, it changes you, in the sense thatsomething stays with you and keepsbeing meaningful." She recalledher experience as a faculty memberat the American University IIIBeirut, where the contents of a civi­lizations sequence had been debat­ed and adapted, with more andmore key Islamic texts added to theWestern canon. She called the expe­rience "shattering-culturally, in­tellectually, and sometimes emo­tionally as well." As the dialogueprogressed, the divisions betweencultures began to seem arbitrary,said Kadi- "the really great booksspeak a common language. "Although Gaubert agreed that allgreat books are not necessarily writ­ten by Europeans, he argued thathistorically "one must take intoconsideration the institutions ofcolonialism and slavery that prevent­ed the production of texts by African­American communities." A worksuch as Ralph Ellison's InvisibleMan is obviously a "good" work,said Gaubert, "but 1 don't know if itshould be a part of the canon whichwe are speaking ... Perhaps it wouldbe more appropriately placed in acanon of the African-Americancommunity. "Calling himself an advocate of theconcept of a "Great Books" canon-albeit a canon that was flexibleand consistently re-evaluated­Sinaiko reflected on the "GreatBooks" as part of the College liberalarts curriculum. Implicit in the term"liberal arts," he said, is "the facul­ty intention to liberate" students'minds from parochial notions fos­tered through popular culture."We live in a culture that paysenormous attention to vulgari­ty .... if we do not have serious expo­sure to the best that is written, if wecannot broaden our intellects to ap­preciate those works, there willcome a time when those works willno longer exist." Sinaiko hoped thatEllison would, like the other greatauthors, stand the test of time. But,he said, only by reading classics bythe likes of Cervantes, Dostoevsky,Tolstoy, and Joyce "do we havestandards by which the greatness ofcurrent works can be measured."Berlant challenged the purity ofany intention "to liberate someone'smind" with a "Great Books" can­on. Berlant felt that what was usual­ly ignored in discussions of the can­on was the "politics" involved in itsselection. Is not the same system ofvalues that has excluded women andminorities from citizenship andequal opportunity also at work inthe exclusion of those groups fromthe canon? she asked."From a woman's perspective," Berlant argued, the canon was notonly guilty of exclusion. Many of itsworks "actually spent time de­meaning women ... explaining whywomen should have no rights orshould not take part in the politicalprocess." Thus, she said, it seemedhypocritical to talk of the potentialof a "Great Books" canon to broad­en the way people think, whenworks that do not represent the val­ues of the canon's mostly white Eu­ropean and American male creatorsare consistently left out."Everybody suffers" when non­European thinkers are excludedfrom the canon, declared Epps­not only the groups who are repre­sented by these excluded thinkers,"but children of European descentwho get a false notion of superiority -that everything worth seeing orhearing is produced by people likethem." When a student in the audi­ence stated, "We should just standback ... and let the books fight it outamongst themselves-the best willwin," Epps sharply responded,"You're assuming there's equal op­portunity in that struggle."The debate, lasting over two hours,was hastily concluded to the rumblesof an approaching thunderstorm(neither side claimed divine inter­vention). What next? Patrick Phil­lips has promised that the discussionwill continue. "I think Brent House[the Episcopal Student Center] isplanning to sponsor 'part two' of thedebate sometime this winter. "Compiled by Tim Obermiller The Maroons were defeated55-26 by Quincy College ofIllinois before a capacitycrowd of 1,500 for theirOct. 27 homecoming game.But senior running backMatt Ficenec rushed for acareer high 144 yards on 25carries and scored twotouchdowns, earning him"UAA Offensive Player ofthe J#?ek. " With the loss, theMaroons' record was 0-8.The Pritzker MedicalSchool's 114 entering first­year students were present­ed with stethoscopes andname-embroidered labcoats during a Sept. 25reception at Ida Noyes,sponsored by the MedicalAlumni Association andhosted by Dean of StudentsNorma Wagoner and Mi­chaelKaufman, MD '72,who is president of theschool's alumni associa­tion. Dean Wagoner said thepurpose of the ceremony,introduced this year, is toremind first-year studentsthat "professionalismbegins with the start ofmedical school. "Five faculty members wereappointed named or distin­guished service professorsthis fall: Eugene Goldwas­ser, SB'43, PhD '50, theAlice Hogge and Arthur A.Baer professor in biochem­istry and molecular biology;Neil Harris, the Preston andSterling Morton professor inhistory; Joseph Isenbergh,the Seymour Logan profes­sor in the Law School;Susanne Rudolph, theWilliam Benton Distin­guished Service professor inpolitical science; andEdwin Taylor, PhD'5?; theLouis Block professor inmolecular genetics and cellbiology.15are components of the Standard Model of thestructure of matter. It was work for which heshared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988.He left Columbia after 28 years because, herecalls, tongue planted firmly in cheek,"someone told me that being a university pro­fessor was the greatest job in Western civiliza­tion and that I had had it too long. He con­vinced me that I should get out and work forthe common good."At Fermilab, the teacher in Lederman sooncame out. He initiated an informal programhe called "Saturday Morning Physics,"where groups of area students visited Fermi­lab on weekends. A decade later, his initialconcept has mushroomed into about 20 pro­grams for Illinois teachers and gifted teens.On Saturday mornings roughly 100 highschool students still visit the lab, where Fermiphysicist-volunteers run the show, and the De­partment of Energy (DOE) has promiseda new $1 million building to house theprograms."I quickly saw how interested those studentswere in what was going on," he says, "but alsohow frustrated some of the brighter oneswere." Lederman's visions grew bolder. "Iremembered growing up in New York, in theBronx, that there were all of these specialmath- and science-based high schools," herecalls. Heading a panel of educators and sci­entists, he developed a plan for a statewideacademy for Illinois's best and brightest sci­ence students: the Illinois Mathematics andScience Academy opened its doors in Septem­ber 1986. Located in Aurora, southwest ofChicago, it's the nation's only three-year pub­lic, residential high school for exceptionalmath and science students-in 1990, 842from around the state applied, with 252accepted.Lederman terms the academy, which hasalready graduated its first two classes, "asmashing success." As proof, he notes thatthe first graduating class led the nation's highschools on the American College Test, an ex­am used in college admissions. "It's no sur­prise," he says. "You bring the state's bright­est kids to one place where they live togetherfor three years, bring in excellent teachers,and you're practically guaranteed success."LeoD LedermaD is a physicistturDed huckster. Be's pitching science literacy,aDd he's bauing on a new Chicago teachers academy to help do the job.By Steven I. Benowitzhen Leon Lederman was ten years old, his fathergave him a book about relativity, co-authored byEinstein. Almost six decades later, he describedthe book to a reporter: "It started out comparingphysics to a detective story, and it was in big print.That's very important to a ten-year-old."It turned out to be a very important gift. Withthat book, a kid from the Bronx, the second son ofimmigrants from Odessa and Kiev, discovered the excitement of science.Today Lederman is a Nobel Prize-winning physicist who sits on a dozen na­tional committees. He is president -elect of the American Association for theAdvancement of Science, the nation's largest scientific organization. And heis a science teacher.A little over a year ago, he left his job as head of Fermi National AcceleratorLaboratory, the government's high-energy physics lab in Batavia, Ill., tocome to the University of Chicago. At Fermilab, he called the shots for theworld's most powerful atom-smasher. Now, as the University's Frank L.Sulzberger Professor in Physics, he talks physics with liberal arts majors in aclass dubbed "Physics for Poets."One condition of the Chicago move was that he could teach undergraduates."It's easy to teach physics students-they're committed to the subject," hesays. "But the liberal arts students will change the world. When I teach mycourse, I ask myself, 'What do I want my students to remember ten yearsfrom now, when they're the journalists, politicians, the parents, and voters?'"His goal isn't a physicist on every block(''Although every other block might be nice,"he whispers in mock conspiratorial style), butrather a scientifically "street smart" publicthat's more comfortable with than bewilderedby the latest advances in science andtechnology.In many ways, "Physics for Poets" is a reflec­tion of its teacher, built around the notion of sci­ence for Everyman, albeit the typical Universi­ty of Chicago undergraduate. The course­"Quantum Mechanics and the Structure ofMatter" -follows the history of quantum phys­ics, and attempts to relate its discoveries to cor­responding events in history. Lederman alsotouches on the social implications of physics­related topics, such as the uses of nuclear ener­gy and the planned multibillion-dollar Super­conducting Supercollider. Along the way, Gary Larson Far Side car­toons sit beside chemical equations, and trueto the course's nickname, Lederman recitesthe "poetry" of fellow laureate RichardFeynman in the same breath he quotes JohnKeats.It was during his tenure at Fermilab inthe early 1980s that the physicist got in­teres ted in teaching high school kidsabout science. "I wasn't teaching, andthis made me very nervous," he says,feigning withdrawal symptoms.In 1951, he began his career on the physicsfaculty of Columbia University, where he'dreceived a Ph.D. after graduating from CityCollege of New York. It was at Columbia thathe uncovered two subatomic particles-thebeauty quark and the muon neutrino-whichThe Im120rtance of16 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990Preaching ScienceUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 17But his most recent efforts have focused on amuch larger, and more risky, project: thenewly opened Academy for Mathematics andScience Teachers. The academy is an ambi­tious experiment aimed at training some17,000 Chicago public schoolteachers in sci­ence and math. The idea is to expose roughly3,000 teachers a year to the latest techniquesfor teaching math and science to studentsfrom kindergarten through high school.Sitting in his spartan office in theHigh Energy Physics Building onSouth. Ellis Avenue, Leon Leder­man admits the obvious, "Thereare so many sides to the science ed­ucation problem." Dismayed, he stops, gaz­ing out his window at two women playing ten­nis where old Stagg Field once stood. Hewatches them struggle against the raw, wintrywind.His manner tightens abruptly. Suddenly he'senergized, full of an infectious enthusiasm.His fiery, blue-gray eyes widen. "There's theissue of science literacy, which involves thechallenge of educating a work force in an in­dustrial society. It requires a higher level ofmathematics and science understanding thanever before."We live in a democracy, and we want citi­zens informed so they can vote on issues thathave scientific and technological aspects­global warming and the environment, defensespending, the space station-and increasinglypeople aren't prepared to discuss these issues.There's a societal dichotomy in which we wantto preserve democracy but the language isSanskrit to some people. ."Science in this country is in very deep trou­ble," he declares. "There's a malaise inAmerican science that I think is frightening."He climbs down from his soapbox momentar­ily, looking quite ordinary, even smallish, be­hind his sprawling desk. He smiles, morefrom frustration than delight. Lederman, anaccomplishment-driven soul, is hardly inter­ested in awards and recognition, but rather, inprogress.Interest in science in the United States is de­clining, he says, as evidenced by the woefulshortages of science and engineering studentscoming out of U.S. schools. By the year 2000,some estimates say, the United States willneed between 450,000 and 750,000 morechemists, biologists, physicists, and engi­neers than it's expected to produce.The problems begin at an early age. Chil­dren "get to school and suddenly they getteachers who have little or no time for sci­ence, " Lederman says. "You create an atmo­sphere of math anxiety and anti-science. Emphasizing a point: Lederman at a post-lecture reception.The results are predictable. In 1988, U.S.high school seniors ranked ninth out of 13 in­dustrialized countries in physics, 11 th inchemistry and last in biology, according to theNational Center for Education Statistics. Themost recent Science Report Card, assembledfor Congress and released in 1988, found thatonly 7 percent of American 17-year-olds hadthe knowledge and skills to perform well incollege science courses.Nothing much has changed, it seems, sincethe 1983 A Nation at Risk report that warnedthat poorly prepared math and science stu­dents would hurt the country's economiccompetitiveness. The latest indictment camein September when a National ResearchCouncil report lambasted the country's biolo­gy teaching. The report concluded that biolo­gy-particularly in middle and high school­is taught so poorly that it "seems designed tosnuff out interest" in science.The gloomy national picture holds true forChicago's public school students as well. Af­ter all, it's a city whose 29,000 teachers have atrack record of nine strikes in the past 18years, a city whose more than 400,000 stu­dents-66 percent from poverty-level fami­lies-have a 46 percent dropout rate. Sellingscience to these students and their teachersmay not be easy. "No one knows how well it's going towork," Lederman admits, although with hisusual aplomb, he emphasizes it's going towork. He admits the academy has had birthpains. "We're unsure of funding, we're look­ing for a director, and the community is con­fused about our vision," he notes. Eventhough the academy's ribbon was cut in July,classroom blackboards and laboratories layfallow until late October, while curricula de­signers and planners continued to wrestlewith the details of what amounts to a "grandexperiment. "Lederman is the front man, the vi­sionary with enough" clout andego-and the blessing of Depart­ment of Energy Secretary JamesWatkins-to hawk science educa­tion to a city whose battered school systemonce was described as the "worst in the na­tion" by then-Secretary of Education WilliamBennett.It was two years ago that Lederman and thedirector of Argonne National Laboratory,Alan Schriesheim, were approached byWatkins, who offered the DOE's help in im­proving Chicago public schools. The timingwas good: the city was embarking on a mas­sive drive for public school reform, and, asHe likens the effort to "building an accelerator, in which18 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990--r------------------------------------�------------- ----.Lederman wrote in the Chicago TribuneMagazine, "there was almost no new idea thatwasn't being tried to improve the teaching ofmathematics and science in this inner-citysystem. An extensive amount of curriculumreform was available."Bringing that reform to more teachers,schools, and students is the academy's goal.Lederman is quick to point out that his voiceis only one among 60 or so, including those ofArgonne physicist and acting academy direc­tor Gordon Berry, and University of Chicagoresearchers Henry and Priscilla Frisch, whohave had a say in proposing and developingplans for the academy. "My contribution wasmore towards putting the project on the scalethat national laboratories do things, " he says,calling the plan a "massive attempt to use thenewest techniques for informing teachers inthe subject matter and latest delivery tech­niques for the science teacher. "He compares the effort to "building an ac­celerator, in which you marshal huge intellec­tual resources toward a goal. We're gettingteaching and technical help from the Univer­sity of Chicago, Fermilab, Argonne, and oth­er sources, and have a home on the IllinoisInstitute of Technology [IIT] campus. Wewant to build a relationship with the teacherthat will last. There will be a resource centerand a library. Lecturers from the University ofChicago, the University of Illinois, LoyolaUniversity, IIT, Fermilab, and Argonne willdo workshops and other programs."Lederman envisions the academy as the firstof 25 similar schools around the nation. Al­ready, DOE has kicked in a planning grantof $215,000 for the program, and has prom­ised $2 million more for next year. The Na­tional Science Foundation also has contrib­uted $200,000. Lederman predicts, however,that the academy will need considerablymore. He estimates an eventual budget ofsome $30 million, provided through somecombination of federal and state funds.This past Halloween marked a milestone inthe academy's brieflife. The first 50 "replace­ment teachers" -board-certified teachershired by the academy-began a ten-weekround of math and science training classesand workshops at the academy's headquarterson the lIT campus.By mid-January, when the replacementshave comp leted their training, they'll enter theschools to stand in for the initial batch of 50Chicago public schoolteachers who will thenbegin their own training classes in two- orthree-day spurts over 20 weeks. During thattime the replacements will mind the shops,with the regular teachers returning at intervalsto their classrooms. There, for up to eight days at a time, they'll get to practice their newlylearned techniques. The substitute teacherswill stick around to lend support, and eventu­ally they will serve as academy liaison teach­ers who'll stop by from time to time forcoaching."The continuous feedback the teachers getis unique, and I suspect it'll become a modelaround the country," says Jerry Hayes, asso­ciate director of elementary programs at theacademy. "We don't see this as a quick fix pro­gram, but the programs we'll offer are cer­tainly a way of zeroing in on things the teach­ers don't know, or would like to know, in termsof science know-how and technique."Kids like science, but I think we teach themto hate science," says Hayes. "The textbooksare boring, and the vocabulary is so over­whelming- it's like a foreign language. That'sespecially a problem in minority schools be­cause kids' reading scores are lower."Indeed, Lederman hears critics who claimthat the millions devoted to teaching inner­city kids math and science would be betterspent helping them learn to read. "Obviously,reading is important," he says. "But the gov­ernment is worried about math and scienceeducation as a national crisis, so that's wherethe money is. There are data that say kids areso turned on to the learning process by the funthey have in their hands-on science experi­ence that it carries over."The academy's programs will sell a learn­by-doing approach to science. Scratch andsniff. Poke, probe, feel. There'll be kits forexperiments, using items found mostly inhousehold cupboards; aluminum foil, styro­foam cups, cardboard, flashlights, tape andglue, for example. The old science classstandbys-flower seeds and ant farms-willbe there too. Long, boring lectures are passe;students will work in teams of threes and foursalong with the teacher. "Kids won't compete-they'll work together," says Mary AnneEdwards, the academy's director of opera­tions. "The program stresses the discoverymethod-how things work. You don't tell thekids why science and math matter-you letthem find out.""A good teacher has to seize on an answerand find a channel into the way the childthinks. Then help the child to come to aconclusion himself," Lederman agrees."The teacher has to be enthusiastic aboutbringing out the natural scientist in allchildren."Yet the shift from a let-them-eat-facts ap­proach to hands-on techniques is intimidatingto the vast majority of elementary school­teachers. They are generalists who majored inthe art of teaching, not bug dissection. Edwards puts it bluntly: "Nationally, publicschoolteachers are severely underequippedand underqualified to teach math and science.They've taken very little ofthose subjects andare uncomfortable with them." She estimatesthat "as many as two-thirds shouldn't beteaching math and as many as four-fifthsshouldn't be teaching science."But, Edwards points out, "we're not ope rat­ingin a vacuum. We're building on the successstories coming out of proven science teachingprograms in Chicago and other cities. Manyare operating as individual pilot programs.We're expanding them to fit an entire city. "Lederman's day often runs at a fever­ish pace: an academy planningmeeting across town; a New YorkTimes reporter on the telephoneasking for a comment on a recentgovernment report; a plane to catch to Wash­ington, D.C., for another conference. It's notthe kind of schedule that allows for day-to-day,down-to-the-last-detail involvement in theacademy.Yet Schriesheim, who also sits on the acade­my's board of directors, points to Lederman as"the driving engine" behind the academy."Leon's really used his considerable standingand stature in the community to help get fund­ing and support to push the program ahead."Like a good public relations person, Leder­man sees a light at the end of the science litera­cy tunnel. A key, he maintains, is moredollars."Surprise. It's hard to blame anyone. Wedon't have an enemy. Congress has raisedfunding for science. But we're only back upnow to where we were in 1968 in terms ofpurchasing power. That was the peak year ofpurchasing power. The problem is there aretwice as many scientists today and the prob­lems are harder, so science costs more. Con­gress has done a fair share, but if it wants tosave American science, it's going to have to doa lot more."Why did science gradually fall from fundinggrace? "Somehow our attention waned afterthe early '60s Sputnik era, and there was apost-Vietnam War malaise, " he asserts. "So­cial issues came to the forefront. Teachers'salaries declined precipitously. Somehow webecame self-satisfied, and didn't see a needfor constant curricula upgrading andmotivation."Now we're paying the price."But Leon Lederman adds, with the opti­mism of a kid who's made it and knows otherscan do the same, "I'm not discouraged bybudget deficits. If this countryreally wants todo something, it'll do it. "you marshal huge intellectual resources toward a goal. IIUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 19A PHmDCOPY ILLUS-TRATES A THANKOFFERING 10 THE"IRGIN OF SANJUAN FOR HELPING"MY BRUfHER 10,GET HIS VISA" (1989).UT OF THE HUNDREDS OF OFFERINGS CROWDING THE, WALLS OF A SHRINE IN WESTERNMexico, one in particular caught the eye of University of Chicago sociologistDouglas Massey and his Mexican colleague Jorge Durand. The small votive painting,thanking the Virgin of San Juan de los Lagos for her miraculous intervention, wasIt's Spanish for "I givethanks. " Mexican vo­tive paintings knownas retablos offerthanks for everydaymiracles-includinglife in el norte. -,signed by someone from Orland Park, Illinois, and showed a scene from O'Hare In-ternational Airport. In front of a United Airlines 747 was a baggage cart, filled withsuitcases. It had crashed into the 747, leaving a huge hole in the plane'sside. Accord­ing to the inscription at the painting's base, the baggage handler had,not lost his job.For that, he wrote, "Doy gracias. "Since seeing that Orland Park retablo two 'years ago, Massey and Durand havesearched out samples of the ancient Mexican folk art with a distinctly 20th-centurytheme--rnigration to el norte. BUYIng older dne� frbin dealers and photographing oth­ers on the walls where they hang, they have gatH�red more than 50 retablos describingmigrant life; this fall, a book about-their collection was published in Mexico:Painted on small, rectangularsheets of tin (or, iftht1,subject is very poor, on card-Iboard), retablos are usually commissioned from an<:mymolls artists , who are paid $10to $25 for each work. In one corner, a holy image (the saint to whom the offering ismade) is suspended iri the clouds.' A.t cent�r sfug� iiS the threatening �vent, and at thebase is an almost formulaic text, explai�iIig ,",hat h�pperied, whe&, and When.�'Whl(n you look at these piCt�res; yolt'1:)ecome aware of ho\v institutionalized.mi,gration has become;" Massey says. "It's a part of the daily-life of Mexico. A lot.ofAmericansdon't understand that there's a hug� r((turn flow of migrants-;-�ht1n �hings,:- ,"_' ._. -,: :-/.work out for the guy in Orland Park, he trooPsflllthe,way back to offer thanks." The, ')."'/'migrant retablos are" sociologically imp�rbnt, " adds Massey, who studies large pat-terns ofU. S. migration and urban segregation, "because they tell you how the partici­pants themselves view the migration protess. " These stofles, he notes, are "far morepowerful than anything I could show you in a progression or write in a book. "From 1890, when workers were recruited to,puild'railfoads through the southwest­ern US., to 1990, when legal entry into �he US. has become increasingly difficult,the migrant retablos have sounded common themes: crossing the border, gettingwork, surviving an auto accident or medical problems, getting passports or amnestycards, coming safely home. "Just going and getting a job and coming back'healthy i;By Mary Ruth Yoe the stuff of miracles."20 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990TwO MIRACLES:"OF GETTING OUTOF PRISON IN THEUNITED STATES"(1988) AND "TO SAVEME FROM A DANGER­OUS OPERATION"(1960).UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 21"A CRASH IN WHICH INEARLY PERISHED"MEANS CONTACTWITH THE ALIENWORLD OF DOCroRSAND HOSPITALS(1940). "I GIVE THANKS roOUR MERCIFULLORD FOR HAVINGSAVED MY HUSBANDWHO WENT ro THEKOREAN WAR"(1956).A TEXAS GRAND­MaI'HER THANKSTHE VIRGIN OF SANJUAN FOR THE "MIR­ACLE THAT SHEGRANTED ME, GIV­ING HEALTH ro MEAND MY GRAND-22 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990Photography byJorge Durand andDouglas MasseySince 1924, both first-yearand other new students inthe College have spent theirfirst days at the Universityundergoing a rite of passageknown as Orientation. Thisyear, the Magazine wentalong.By Tim ObermillerPhotography by Diane Schmidt24 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 ill GLANCE AT THE MIMEO­graphed program being dis­pensed at the main entranceof Rockefeller Chapel, thisopening convocation forentering first-year studentsand parents appears unexceptional, evenmundane. Dignitaries will speak, choirs willsing. Yet the atmosphere inside the chapelprickles with emotion. Throats tighten. Skinirresistibly tingles with goosebumps. There'sa certain look-sad, pleased, proud-that isshared among the parents as they find seats inthe chapel's crowded pews."Today, you parents are going to leave yourchildren in our hands, " Ralph Nicholas, deanof the College, tells them. "If you feel a mo­ment of sadness at turning them over to us, wesympathize. And," he adds, "we are gratefulto you." ,Later, outside the chapel, farewells betweenparents and child begin, accompanied by apeal of bells. A trim, middle-aged man in aBrooks Brothers suit and silk tie claps his ner­vous son on the shoulder of his navy blue blaz­er. Hands merge in a firm handshake; a glit­tering Rolex watch appears from under thefather's sleeve, bouncing sunlight. His grinseems almost as bright. With a swallow, theyoung man nods and attempts to return hisfather's sanguine smile.Across the sidewalk, a stout, balding mansmoothly reaches into the pocket of his bluenylon windbreaker, pulling out a wrinkledhandkerchief to hand to his wife, who has be­come unglued' to the point of embarrassingtheir freshman daughter. "Mom, I'll call youtomorrow, okay?" the daughter offers as abribe to end her mother's tears. "Christmas isonly a few months away," she tries again. "Iknew this would happen," she sulks to herfather, who responds with a gentle laugh ashis wife loudly blows her nose into thehandkerchief.THE PAIR OF FIRST-YEARroommates are arrangingpossessions and defininglines in a wary dance of eti­quette. With polite, gentlyprobing exchanges they at­tempt to find what they may like or dislikeabout this complete yet intimate stranger.Perhaps this is an odd couple in the making.A photo lorewell in Iront01 Rockefeller (opposite).On Sundoy, first·yeorsore sent to the O· Tent(obove). Tobles withmops, tobles with nomebodges, tobles to registerlor plocementtests,ougur the week to com,.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE!DECEMBER 1990 25Beluddlement becomeso mind·set for thefirst tense hours ofOrientotion. A surpriseshow by Off·Off Compuscomedions (right) relieveso bit of the tension.One roommate projects the unadorned,straightforward manner of a provincial Mid­westerner. Her attire, a gray sweatshirt andbaggy blue jeans, is as relaxed as her move­ments. The other roommate, dressed in blacktights, a short black skirt, and a tight blackturtleneck, exudes a poised, cosmopolitan air-aggressive, yet guarded. Along the shelfabove her bed is an aesthetically correct CDcollection of Fifties jazz and cutting-edgerock. She winces at the sight of her room­mate, arranging a trio of stuffed animals onher bed."I've had them since I was five," the ani­mals' owner offers in response to the criticalglance. Both pairs of eyes make an awkwardsweep of the floor. "I thought about leavingthem, but I couldn't," she says finally, with ashrug. Eyes meet, a fleeting chord of harmo­ny is struck. "Yeah," responds the other. "Iunderstand. "UNTIL THE RETURNING STU­dents begin to appear oncampus late in the week, thescene belongs to the Col­lege's 947 new first-yearand transfer students-butthey are hardly free to do as they please. Start­ing this morning, nearly every minute of thenext three days will be organized in a tightlyscheduled itinerary of events known as Orien­tation Week.26 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE!DECEMBER 1990An hour and 15 minutes ago, the raw re­cruits were roused from their beds, shuffledthrough the commons' breakfast lines, andsent to Mandel Hall where they await the startof a required meeting. Bidding the students agood morning, College dean Ralph Nicholasbegins the program, noting that a similar re­quired meeting kicked off the College's firstOrientation Week back in 1924. The deancomments on the "eerie similarity" betweenthat program and today's event, suggesting an"unusually high level of continuity in the waywe do things at the University of Chicago."A talk on student health services runs long,so Katie Nash, acting College dean of stu­dents, decides to modify her own speech into agrocery list of expectations: "We expect youto act maturely and responsibly. We expectyou to remember what you read. We expectyou to check your mail folder on a regularbasis. We expect you to be tolerant and acceptthe views of others whose beliefs may be dif­ferent from your own. Give credit to yoursources .... Our goal is that you be self­reliant, confident, and aware."Emily Kadens, the" Orientation Student Li­aison person," is introduced next. Kadens­bespectacled, wearing a gray suit, her whiteblouse buttoned to the top-strides sternly tothe podium and in a booming voice begins:"For any of you first-years under the age of21, let it be known the University DOES NaTtolerate the consumption of alcohol on cam­pus." Kadens then announces her intention togive "the following time changes for place­ment tests." With muffled groans, studentsremove notebooks and uncap pens to mark therevisions."The calculus placement test is beginning infive minutes!" Kadens bawls out. In the mid­dle of the third row a young man stands, setsloose a ream of paper that flutters over thecrowd and with an agonized scream leapsacross several pairs of legs into the aisle,sprinting full speed for the door.By this time, the administrators have left thestage, chairs are cleared, Kadens removes herglasses with a smirk, and the new students areaware that their legs are being pulled by Off­Off Campus, a student improvisational come­dy group that proceeds, with piano accompa­niment, through a series of skits designedespecially for Orientation Week.It's hard not to wonder whether Dean Nicho- las's earlier description of the Monday morn­ing program as "traditional" was itself a partof the ruse. One can only imagine how quicklythe expulsion papers would have been pro­cessed in 1924 for performers in a skit about ayoung couple buying condoms at the localWalgreens."Some administrators weren't crazy aboutthe idea," admits Orientation director JeanTreese, AB' 66. "But we had tried other pro­grams at this time, more serious presentationsabout sensitive issues, that didn't get a verygood response. "The skits emphasize humor. "Sensitive is­sues" (homesickness, date rape, dorm prob­lems, drugs, suicide) are sneaked through theback door. The setting of one sketch is a cam­pus dance, where a couple meet, flirt, andeventually exchange "safe sex contracts"­the conflicting points of which are debated be­tween their lawyers. ("This seems so unemo­tional," they finally decide. "Why don't wejust dance and think about it?")Another skit involves a depressed studentwho makes a desperate late-night call to theCoca-Cola customer service hotline. "I'vebeen feeling down. The pressures of schoolare huge ... we just read Hamlet ... thesethoughts of suicide-I can't shake them." Abored switchboard operator, in drawlingBrooklynese, informs the student that "anyquestions or comments must pertain toCoke.""... Girls think I'm a loser." "I'm sorry, sir,your comment must be about Coke." "Uh,can drinking Coke help me win the respect ofwomen?" The student finally wins the opera­tor's sympathy. She relates how, at a depressedpoint in her life, she struggled to overcome avicious attacker during a midnight walk. "Itmade me realize, 'Shirley, you got a shittylife, but you wanna live. ' "The student sees her point: he will get a goodnight's sleep and contact the University'smental health service in the morning."CLEAR EVERYTHING FROMyour desk.· Slide rules andcalculators are not permit­ted. If you need to go to thebathroom, there are facili­ties right outside ... but wedon't give you any time for that. "If the Off-Off Campus performance was anRoommates find themove·in both a logisticand emotional challenge(below). Names, intendedmajors, and favoritevegetables are exchangedduring an introductorymeeting (lower right).unexpected treat, this morning's scheduledtwo-and-one-half hour mathematics place­ment test has been anticipated with almostunanimous dread. Every year, Jean Treeseruns a survey of first-year students, askingthem to name their most and least favoriteOrientation events. The Off-Off Campusskits are a new favorite. The placement testsare about as popular as roast beef at a vegetari­an banquet. I"You may feel affronted," Treese tells stu­dents. "You probably wonder why are we sub-'jecting you to the third degree? But these testswill help your advisers place you in the rightcourses. You can place out of classes if yourscores are good enough." If they don't buythat, Treese will tell them about 1962, whenshe and other first-years were forced to plowUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 27through fourteen different placement tests. In1990, only the mathematics placement test isrequired. (Calculus, foreign languages, andbiological and physical sciences placementtests are optional.)Later this week, the students will undergoanother ordeal known as the required physicaleducation test. How they do on the test­which includes sit-ups, benchpresses, fourlaps of swimming, and a 12-minute run-willdetermine whether they will be allowed topass out of all or part of a required three­quarter physical education sequence. LikeTreese, Physical Education Chairman TomWeingartner avidly defends the tests to stu­dents. "They're prescriptive. They're not de­signed to humiliate anyone." And if they don'tbuy that, he can tell them how in the '60s theP.E. Department made first-years do a back­wards crabwalk on the gym floor.ACROSS THE DARKENEDeast lawn of RockefellerChapel, sprinklers spin andspit; their showers fall justinches from sidewalks lead­ing to a pair of brightly litarchways slowly filling up with studentswho've arrived early for the ''Aims of Educa­tion" address, a speech given annually by amember of the faculty for all entering stu­dents. (Attendance, the Orientation programnotes in bold print, is required.)A nobly enraged Prometheus, garbed in anunraveled green army jacket, sulks brilliantlyin the back pew. Invaders of his space are suc­cinctly gored by his smoldering glance. Agregarious redhead works the middle pews-asdeftly as a politician at a July Fourth barbe­cue. "Comejoinus, betrendy!" shouts one ofa coterie of fashionably dressed teens. Downthe line, bare knees, poke through holes ofacid-washed jeans like the tops of kneelingfriars' heads.As the minutes move towards eight, excitedvoices mingle, bubble, boil, bursting in a cre­scendo of clamor which Dean Nicholas­intending to introduce tonight's speaker, Uni­versity Provost Gerhard Casper-incremen­tally abates at three past with repeated bids of"Your attention, please." Satisfied with thelevel of quiet, he wryly adds, "I'm hopeful allthis enthusiasm is due to your anticipation athearing the Aims of Education address ... "28 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 Bothing cops ore requiredfor the swim test (left),whether or nollheyoCluolly fil. A bench­press meosure of slrength(below) ond Ihe dreodedmolh exom (right) oreomong the �-Week tests,"Yeah, right," someone murmurs ruefullyfrom a back row.'THIS IS WEIRD," A FRESH­man whispers to her room­mate as they both collapseonto one of three long, stur­dy sofas grouped squarelyin the center of LowerFlint's first-floor lounge. (Lower Flint is oneof six houses in Woodward Court, a four-story coed dormitory built in the 1960s. Of the 63 orso students assigned to Lower Flint, about 27are first-year students.)An introductory meeting was held in thissame lounge last night. Rob and Sue LaFleur,resident heads for Lower Flint, ran throughthe house rules. Volunteer Orientation aides-older student residents who come back ear­ly to share their wisdom with the first-years inexchange for a week's free room and board­talked a bit about house lore and culture (CarlSagan, one learns, is among Flint's celebrityalumni). Then, in turn, the jittery first-yearsgave their names, origins, and intended ma­jors. In sum, a pleasant and predictableevening.And now, this weirdness. After attending the''Aims of Education" lecture, students are re­quired to return to their house lounges for acolloquium used to discuss the issues raisedby the address. Faculty members often serveas moderators for these discussions, upping the level of intimidation.This is breaking the ice, University of Chi­cago style. Last night at dinner, the freshmentalked about the math placement test and triednot to speak with their mouths full. Tomorrownight, they'll argue about philosophy andthrow food at each other.After the last - minute cancellation of a facul­ty member, Amy McCready, a doctoral stu­dent in the Committee on Social Thought, hasagreed to step in as moderator. Last year'sFlint colloquium strayed from the aims ofeducation into a disagreeable squabble overabortion. In contrast, McCready tenaciouslysticks to tonight's designated theme. Foropeners, she asks, "What expectations do webring to education and how do those expecta­tions influence what we get out of thateducation?"Initial comments, brief and bland, serve astentative toes dipped in uncertain waters.''An important part of coming to a universityis breaking away from home," a handsome,well-built freshman offers. ''A lot of the edu­cation we receive is just learning how to take The University's Co·ordinoting Council forMinority Issues met withsome 50 block ondHisponic students.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 29A first·year French hornplayer (below) waits forthe ten· minute auditionthat will decide heracceptance into theUniversity SymphonyOrchestra.care of yourself, things that have nothing todo with the formal education you receive inclass.""I use the term 'church of reason' to de­scribe what a university is about, " blurts out awiry young man with a faint Southern accentwho sits cross-legged on the floor. His fistsclench. "This collection of minds is what it'sabout, not all these beautiful buildings. That'sjust a business. That's what our parents wantto see .... But we want to see each other, wedon't need buildings." His passionate deliv­ery has the effect of an impulsive, energeticleap for a lazily thrown ball. Posturesstraighten, limbs tense, eyes brighten.McCready mentions John Milton's 1644tract against censorship, Areopagitica, andthe idea "that the collective engagement of avariety of opinions" is a vital process in for­mulating "what we term as knowledge. Whatis the effect ofthat on education?""I don't think there's anyone text that ex­plains everything, that fulfills all our needs, "answers one woman. "Many religions pro­pose this, of course, but I think a person seek­ing true knowledge must try to synthesize dif­ferent, sometimes bizarrely incongruous,sources.""I want to talk more about this idea of expec­tations that we bring to education, " says Me­Cready. "Is the idea that we come here with anempty mind and fill it up with books? Ofcourse, no one here is doing that -you do haveexpectations coming into this ... so maybe I'llpose the question this way: what do you thinkis the difference between being open-minded30 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990and empty-headed?""To be open-minded is to think about ideasand not accept them at face value.""Right, like I think you're empty-headed ifyou hear something about Iraq and just acceptit as the truth, without questioning ... ""It's good to be open-minded, but it's alsogood to have something to believe in. Becauseif you have nothing, you're aimless. I believeyou should hang on to what you know is true.Like that drugs are bad for you." The state­ment causes a commotion of whispers andderisive snickers."What about aspirin?" someone challengesthe young woman who made the comment."Well, illegal drugs," she responds defen­sively. McCready-perhaps sensing a poten­tial repeat of last year's abortion debacle­swiftly shuts down the dispute. "Let's getback to the question as it pertains toeducation .... ""The fact is, we're only 18 or 19 years old.We don't have nearly enough experience tosettle on one idea .... ""What about a quadratic equation? We canall agree on that." "It's an idea." "Yet itexists! ,; "It's man forcing order on theuniverse!"Exchanges take wing, sputter, and lapse, re­vived by McCready with another question.Six or seven voices predominate; the majorityswoop into the fray only now and again. A fewkeep stubbornly silent, arms locked tightlyacross their chests. McCready draws themout. "Let's get someone who hasn't spokenbefore.""I think you have to be receptive to ideas,"says one. He seems frightened by the soundof his voice. "Uh, I forgot what I was goingto say."McCready calls on another silent watcher."Well, as far as education and what we bringto it ... " The student pauses, irritably flippingan errant wisp of hair. "... I think our motive isthe same as a flabby person who walks into ahealth club-" A scatter of snickers invadesher composure. "-to turn their soft body intoa firm one." Louder chuckles from the sametwo or three areas of the room. With a tiny,wounded frown, she shrugs and settles backinto the sofa, and silence."Those displays of rudeness-that wouldnever happen even two weeks later," RobLaFleur confides after the colloquium. The posturing deflates not long after returning stu­dents arrive, he says. Still, there are studentswho seem "very intimidated" by the colloqui­um. "They assume everyone is a classicalscholar or a philosophy jock."Yet for some it appears that Milton's and Me-Cready's pleas for open-rnindedness have al­ready sunk in. As they head back to theirrooms, one student approaches another tocongratulate her on a particularly fluent com­ment. "I honestly didn't agree with it," hetells her, "but it was kind of interesting." IF THE "AIMS OF EDUCA­tion" colloquia seem un­iquely Chicago, the settingThursday night at HarperQuadrangle could be tornfrom just about any col- Freedom, for 0 while.Students ot Thursdoynight's pizzo porty inHorper (below, left) enjoyo breok from the stress,with registrotion ondclosses iust oround thecorner.lege's admissions booklet. Healthy, nicelydressed students eating pizza, slamming so­das, mingling, and later-to the moodytechno-rhythms of a live rock band­dancing.This is as relaxed as it will be for a while.Classes begin next week, and come tomor­row, the students will struggle through Regis­tration-the academic equivalent of a sale atBloomingdale's. Their placement tests havebeen computet-graded. They've endured lec­tures on security ("The best thing you can dois use common sense," a campus officer in­forms them), and sat through workshops onthe mystifying rituals of work study and finan­cial aid ("Unfortunately, the paperworkseems to just get worse," apologizes CollegeAid Director Alicia Reyes).They've ventured outside campus to the cityand surrounding Hyde Park neighborhood,chaperoned by resident heads who demon­strate how to buy a Metra ticket, and point outwhich train stations to avoid after dark. By to­night, foreign, transfer, and minority studentswill have all attended their special meetings.Seminars on using the libraries and on­campus computer sites fade as the musicpumps and a collective head of stressed-outsteam is released into the chilly night air.In the buzz of conversation, one hears aboutthe week's many "unofficial" events, such asan outbreak of impromptu parties that appar­ently took place at selected campus spots lastnight. "It was great because everyone went offguard, " says one young woman. She express­es her surprise at the level of sociabilityamong her peers. "People are much moreoutgoing than I expected."Another first-year student agrees, and saysit bothers him. "Some of them seem not allthat serious about their intellectual develop­ment," he observes. "Yet at the same time,they're obviously very smart. It's amazing tobe around so many intelligent people at once.I feel rather small from that perspective. "Perspectives mutate at a rapid pace at thisage and in this environment. Doors open andclose. Expectations are dashed and wildestdreams are realized. Sitting in the middle ofthis pulsating crowd, it's easy for an older ob­server to feel rather dull and predictable-arock in the middle of a flowing stream. Thesurrounding scenes shift with the swiftness ofhummingbird wings, too fast to detect.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 31f he were alive, John Gunther,PhB'22, would be 89 years old. Oldage would have slowed him but hewould have loved the view becauseas a journalist, Gunther specializedin the Big Picture of world events.His Inside books were sweeping, lit­_ •••• erate panoramas. He once said hewas "charting the whole of the known politi­cal world."He lived when good writing was the aim ofmany journalists, but even in his own day,Gunther's approach to his profession wasunique. He began as an aspiring novelist, fellinto newspaper work, and later wrote a stringof best-sellers. His books were nonfiction,but they always maintained a literary cast. Hewrote about the people and politics of far­flung places with the conviction that every­thing-from revolutionary Russia to cafegossip in Vienna-connected.In Inside Europe (1936), he used psychoan­alytic terms- "authority complex" and "psy­chic epidemic of adoration" -to explain therise of dictators leading to World War II. InInside Asia (1938),. he saw, among otherthings, "religious bondage" hinderingprogress in many countries. At home, InsideChicago journalist Jay Pridmore is curator of"John Gunther: Inside Journalism, "an exhi­bition at the University of Chicago Library'sDepartment of Special Collections, throughJanuary 16,1991.32 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 By Jay PridmoreIn 1936, foreign corre­spondentJohn Guntherpublished a book whosetitle soon becamesynonymous with his styleof reportage. InsideEurope reduced a largesubject to readable size­and provided somelasting insights. U S.A. (1948) witnessed provincial politi­cians clashing with modern society. Methodi­cally, continent by continent, he explained theworld.In his own day, critics sometimes disparagedhis broad generalizations, but they always ad­mired his vision. Gunther's "prime qualityis ... an instinctive twentieth-century sense ofhistorical and geographical interrelation,"wrote Clifton Fadiman in the New Yorker."What made 'Inside Europe, ' for example, sovaluable was that he thought of his subject notas an agglomeration of states but as a complexof forces. " 'In this age of sound bites, Gunther's kind ofjournalism may be a lost (or at least obscure)art. As with most writers, Gunther was a crea­ture of his time. He entered journalism in the'20s, when foreign news gathering was rela­tively primitive. When he traveled, his fastestlink home was whatever local telegraph officehe could find. Foreign correspondents wereeminently independent sorts, and Guntherflourished in this setting. He traveled almostimpulsively, charmed his contacts, collectedstatistics, recorded impressions, and spilled itall forth with a sense of history and style.Gunther's vision of the world was al­ready forming in his College days.He was literary editor of the DailyMaroon, where he wrote a chattycolumn on current books called "LiteraryLeaders." At the University, he was con sid- .ered a "barb," or barbarian, because he be­longed to no fraternity. But literary successmade up for his sense of being a social outsid­er. Before he graduated, he had book reviewsin the Chicago Daily News, and even wrote along, ticklish essay on the University in H.L.Mencken's Smart Set magazine.Shortly after graduation, he was hired by theDaily News, an ideal paper for a journalistwho preferred higher forms of prose. It was,after all, the quintessential writer's news­paper, with reporters such as Ben Hecht cov­ering crime and Carl Sandburg covering la­bor. Gunther enjoyed quick success at theDaily News; early articles were anthologizedin Best News Stories in both 1923 and 1924.Around town he was regarded as a clever chapand was accepted into Schlogl's Round Table,a diurnal gathering of literary types, includ­ing Hecht, Sandburg, Edgar Lee Masters,and Sherwood Anderson. Gunther foundhimself at the center of America's literarycapital in the early '20s. Yet he must havefound the Windy City limiting because he wasanxious to go abroad.Getting a job in Europe took some doing,despite his success at home. He was actuallyunemployed in the south of France for awhile, during which time he wrote his firstnovel, The Red Pavilion, published in 1926.(One reviewer saidthat although the book wasentertaining enough, its characters were all"more or less neurotic.") Finally, he got onthe Daily News Foreign Service as a "swingman, " a permanent roving reporter, substitut­ing for other correspondents temporarilyabsent from Paris, London, Berlin, Vienna,or Moscow.It was an excellent time to be a foreign corre­spondent. Events abroad were unfolding rap­idly, interest among American readers wasnever higher, and Gunther, along with otherreporters, took on the status of a minor celeb­rity. Fellow correspondent Vincent Sheean,X'21, won high praise for getting behindrebel lines in Morocco while writing for theChicago Tribune. Another friend, DorothyThompson, then writing for the SaturdayEvening Post, was expelled from Germany,amidst much publicity, for her reportingabout Hitler in the early 1930s."Foreign correspondents had a great deal ofinfluence on readers back home just at a timewhen we were struggling with ideas about iso­lationism and war in Europe," says WilliamMcNeill, AB'38, AM'39, professor emeritusin history. "They brought individual points ofview to the news. It was more possible thenbecause the news itself wasn't managed theway it is today. "Indeed, Gunther was very much on his ownin his years as a swing man. He made extend­ed visits to exotic destinations such as Alba­nia, to view the European situation from themost marginal of Balkan states. He wouldspend weeks ensconced in hotels and writewith confidence about local dramas. He wentto Yugoslavia, realm of the "boy-king" PeterII, and wove his impressions into a piece forVanity Fair. Peter's father, the late King Alex­ander, "was an enigmatic phenomenon,"Gunther wrote. "He looked like a dentist. Hewas as hard-boiled as a professional riveter."Gunther reduced large subjects to readablesize with equal measures of affection andcynicism. As he became well known, criticsbegan referring to this point of view as"Guntherian. "In 1920, Gunther became the Daily Newsbureau chief in Vienna. This somewhat moresedentary post enabled him to increase hisoutput for national magazines, such as Har­pers and The Nation, which were distin­guished for both reporting and analysis. He34 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990drew special attention for an article on theReichstag fire, writing lengthily on specula­tions that Nazis were the real arsonists. Healso reconstructed the events surrounding themurder of Austrian Chancellor EngelbertDollfuss. This was good journalism for peo- ..pIe who liked to read. Instantaneous, frag­mentary reporting was still far in the future.Gunther handled the most important of hisstories with the sense that they were librettosfrom modern operas.Much has changed since the periodbetween the two World Wars, ofcourse, yet important elementsof history have recurred­including a newly independent, splinteredcentral Europe. Such a splintering, says U ofC history professor Michael Geyer, a special­ist in 19th- and 20th-century German history,"can be both fascinating and abhorrent at thesame time." While he is naturally reluctant todraw too-close parallels between the periodpreceding World War II-Gunther's Europe-and the present, Geyer does note that such asituation "has all the potential for genocidalpolitics."Many of Gunther's observations about thesplintered Europe of some 50 years ago reso­nate quite clearly today. In the 1930s, for ex­ample, he covered brave democratic experi­ments in Czechoslovakia. He also wrote,sometimes satirically, about mad, adulterouspalace intrigue in Romania. In all of his re­porting, Gunther was a master of the incisivedetail, observing in one. place that dictators asa personality type rarely laugh and in anotherthat "arms companies are as incestuous aswhite mice." These are insights worthrereading.Gunther skippedhis Phi Beta Kappainduction to makehis first trip toEurope-on acattle boat. Still, larger parallels between Gunther'sview of Europe and our own are more tenu­ous. In Inside Europe, for example, his under­lying premise was that individual personali­ties were shaping events, not vice versa. Thushe focused on the three dictators of Europe­Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin. He writes aboutHitler's youth in Austria. He introduces Mus­solini not as a buffoon but as a misshapenintellectual. And he points out that Stalin,despite his brutality in the '30s, readShakespeare.Gunther's approach in this vein was morethan merely anecdotal. He also expanded onthe theories of his Viennese friend Dr.Wilhelm Stekel, a protege of Freud's. The riseof dictators, Stekel said, could be attributed tothe dissolution of authority figures in WorldWar I. Despite the fact that mass psychologyremains interesting to scholars today, Guntherseems well off the track of historical thought.Modern historians insist that economics, notFreudian neurosis, was at the base of WorldWar II, and personality theories are no longerseriously debated.Nevertheless, Gunther provided another di­mension for his readers, one that is worth re­membering. More than anything, he broughtpowerful people and distant events alive inways that academic history sometimes missesand today's media often neglect. Vienna, forexample, was his home for five years, and inarticles and books he captures the nervoustorpor of the defeated Hapsburg capital be­tween the World Wars. Today, history treatsthe Austrian Anschluss as a sort of sideshow,relatively unimportant to the inevitability ofHitler. But what a sideshow it was.In Vienna, Gunther watched the growth ofsocialists on one side, conservatives on theother, and Nazis waiting for the center to col­lapse. He describes Vienna as the most disso­lute yet artistic of cities. Unemployed bureau­crats and shabby aristocracy lived in anetherworld that ignored dire political reali­ties and was concerned mostly with the operaor the latest exhibition of paintings or prints.Crisis followed crisis with tragicomic regu­larity. Ultimately, Vienna provided Hitlerwith the first move in his expansion throughEurope.Gunther also wrote a novel about Vienna.Finished in 1938, The Lost City was notpublished until 1965 . When it did come out, itdid not do well-perhaps because Vienna re­mained, after World War II, a charming irrel­evancy. Now, that may have changed. "Cen­tral Europe" is searching for a new identity,and its efforts should affect all of Europe andanyone remotely connected with it.As journalists and historians focus with newrigor on the changes inside Europe, JohnGunther's large, richly colored screen mayprovide a useful guide.nvestigations .First in Flight: The OldestModernBirdPaul Sereno announces thediscovery of an evolutionarymissing link, a fossil bolsteringthe claim that dinosaurs actu­ally left their imposing legacyto the birds.THE FIRST "REAL" BIRDS WEREsparrow-sized creatures that perchedin trees and darted through the air af­ter insects. They hatched on the scene some135 million years ago, when bird-like crea­tures named Archaeopteryx traded in theirheavy-boned, thick-tailed bodies for sleeker,flight-friendly models.That was the prehistoric scenario painted bypaleontologist Paul Sereno recently when heannounced the discovery of the oldest knownbird fossil. The finding, revealed at the Octo­ber meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Pale­ontology in Lawrence, Kans., fills a gapinghole in the fossil record. It bolsters the pre­vailing scientific thinking that dinosaurs nev­er completely died out and live on today, in asense, in the incarnation of birds."The finding shows the transition fromdinosaur to bird," Sereno says. "This docu­ments back to 135 million years the basicflight apparatus ofthe modern bird. It's a ma­jor step in evolution because it's a transitionthat involves such a giant leap of functionalchange- from land to air." .The eight-inch-Iong bird was discovered bya 10-year-old boy in 1987. Embedded in an an­cient Chinese lake bed, near a farmer's fieldin the Liaoning Province in northeastern Chi­na, it was sent to the Beijing Natural HistoryMuseum, which now owns the specimen.The next year, museum curator Cheng-gangRao visited the site, and subsequently con­tacted Sereno, an assistant professor of or­ganismal biology and anatomy, for help instudying the bird. In February Cheng-gang brought the fossil to Sereno's lab, where thetwo have been analyzing and attempting to re­construct the ancient creature."Some people previously thought that birdsweren't agile fliers until 80 million yearsago," says Sereno, but this fossil discovery,coupled with a related finding several yearsago in Spain, shows "that modern, perchingbirds in trees existed 135 million years ago."The creature's bird-like, feathered ancestor,Archaeopteryx, "was more of a modified di­nosaur," says Sereno. It had a long, bony tail,and could neither fly well nor perch in trees."Ten million years later, after Archaeopteryx,we have a transition-a change to a smallertail and the adaptation of the wings to move ina tight Z- formation over its head like modernbirds."According to Sereno, "the next fossil birds­shore birds-come in some 50 million years af­ter Archaeopteryx, and until now, there hadn'tbeen any records found in between."The as-yet-unnamed Chinese bird carried afused breastbone, similar to a modern bird's,which served as an anchor for flight muscles.Archaeopteryx lacked such a breastplate, andhad a thick tail that centered its weight over itshind legs for running. The oldest modem bird, shown in anartist's rendering, flew and perched in trees-unlike its bird-like predecessor,Archaeopteryx-some 135 million yearsago. The sparrow-sized creature, found inChina, bolsters the belief that dinosaurssurvive today as birds.Sereno was amazed that the ancient bird'sflight apparatus "was so well evolved while itstill retained several dinosaur-like features­including its pelvis, ribs, and claws with fin­gers along its wings for grasping." The birdmay have had primitive teeth, as well, and byits size and its feet, probably ate insects orseeds. (Birds lost their teeth roughly 80 mil­lion years ago.)Reconstructing the fossil is a time­consuming, painstaking effort. "It takes agreat deal of care to prepare the bird, " Serenosays. "We're making a model of the bone be­cause the fossil turned out to be weak. Whenthe rock it was embedded in cracked open, italso cracked through the skeleton. Much ofthe bony surface is hidden in the rock."The bone, it turns out-not the rock it's in-is dissolvable in acid. So we're dissolvingthe bone, filling the encasing mold with plas-UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEIDECEMBER 1990 35tic, and you have a beautiful replica of bone."Sereno made headlines last year when he re­vealed the first accurate reconstruction ofthe most primitive dinosaur ever found. Offon an expedition in the desert foothills of theArgentine Andes, Sereno wandered upon thefossil remains of a 230-million-year-old,flesh-eating dinosaur, named Herrerasaurus(WINTER/90) .Sereno's ultimate goal is to chart the vastnetwork of patterns in dinosaur evolution,covering some 200 million years. "The firststep in doing that is to work out a more de­tailed evolutionary history of what actuallyhappened - who's related to whom, whenthey appeared in the fossil record, and whatanatomical traits changed and when," hesays.He plans to visit the African country of Ni­ger later this year, where he'll be "looking forthe records of dinosaurs at a time when thecontinents were isolated, around the sametime we believe this bird existed. "Why JapaneseWomen are Missingthe MiracleFOR THE TYPICAL JAPANESE WORKINGwoman, job and career opportunitieslag far behind those of her Westerncounterparts. But such East-West compari­sons may be unfair, contends sociologistMary Brinton, because Japanese men andwomen don't necessarily compete againsteach other for the same jobs.In a book she's completing, titled Ubmenand the Economic Miracle: Gender and Ubrkin Postwar Japan, Brinton describes a sex­biased employment system that "holds greatrewards for people who stay in one companyfor life, and by definition, that's men. Womencan't conform to that system-they usuallyhave to drop out of the labor force at somepoint to have a family. "Brinton, who speaks Japanese fluently,spent two years, from 1983 to 1985, in Japan,interviewing some 1,200 young men andwomen in their twenties and thirties abouttheir work and private lives. From question­naire responses, plus talks with employers ofcompanies large and small, and a wealth ofhistorical research, she has outlined how"Japanese societal institutions such as family,employment, and education have evolved dif­ferently than in the West, " and how the sexes'disparate work roles" are determined by theseinstitutions. "She explains, for example, that a skilled la­bor shortage in early 20th-century Japanspurred the development of an employmentsystem that offered on-the-job training and36 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990Mary Brinton studies women's work in Japan.steep wage hikes to employees who made life­time commitments. In other words, men."The economy was still largely agricultural,though the nation was beginning to industrial­ize," she says. "Women did increasingly en­ter the work force, but hardly at all in skilledpositions." As Japan's post-World War IIeconomy surged, the employment system be­came entrenched. "Men were deemed morestable, while employers presumed womenwould leave to have families. So employershired women for lower-paying clerical andsales positions."But many more women in today's Japan areseeking careers and bigger paychecks. "Thiscurrent generation of women is really the first 'that anticipates wanting to stay in the workforce," Brinton says. "Employers are havinga hard time dealing with that. They're con­cerned that they'll waste time training womenwho'll quit after all. "At the same time, the discriminatory laborpractices stunted womeri's educationalgrowth. "Education is so competitive therethat families look at education as an invest­ment in their kids' futures, and it's made moresense for parents to invest in their sons ratherthan their daughters."Many people in Japan still believe in theseparate roles in society, " she says, "and thatsociety runs more efficiently that way. Wom­en think that way too-it's not just men. It'snever been an egalitarian society. "Women played a vital part in Japan's old ag­ricultural economy, Brinton says, but mostwere left behind when the economy shifted toa service-oriented base. She notes, however,that a large portion of Japanese businesses re­main small, family-owned enterprises, af­fording some women the opportunities to re­main in or return to the labor force. "What tends to happen is that many younger womenwork in the larger business enterprises, thenleave to raise families, and return to the workforce years later in these small businesses.That uses the older female labor force. Somepeople would say that's a nice fit between theneeds of the economy and women's needs.Others would call it a system where womenprovide cheap labor early in their lives, andthen later as well. "But with the world's fastest-aging popula­tion rapidly creating a new labor shortage,Japanese employers may have to rethink theirhiring practices; which, in turn, may give riseto newer, greater job opportunities for Japa­nese females.In doing her research, which was the basisfor her Ph.D. dissertation at the University ofWashington, Brinton was surprised by the ap­parent acceptance she received as a Western­er. "Both men and women - even employers-were very willing to talk to me about dis­crimination against women. I guess theydidn't see me as a threat, that I'd never try tocompete against men in Japan."They mostly said things like, 'Well, menlike to do certain things, and women like to docertain kinds of work, and it works out foreveryone.' People mostly agreed that thesesex -segregated roles were how things shouldwork. They would be less apt to say that to menow, because they realize the West frowns up­on that. I think they're beginning to see otherways exist."But not everyone with whom she spoke wascontent. "The most unhappy people I talkedto were well-educated women in their earlyforties," Brinton recalls. "Their childrenwere grown and they realized they wanted toreturn to the job market and the only jobs openwere as cashiers, sales clerks, or factoryworkers, with little pay and no security." Incontrast, many of the younger women, intheir twenties, "could only see marrying welland raising families. "Brinton currently is comparing women'sroles in Japan and Korea, and plans to spendfive months in the two countries beginning inMarch. "In Korea, there's more demand foreducation," she notes. "Parents believe edu­cation will help improve their daughters'chances of marrying well. "Neurologist TurnsSleuthWHEN U OF C NEUROLOGIST EDGARSalazar-Grueso, AB'78, receiveda phone call from a man who waslosing the use of his legs, Salazar had no ideathe call would lead him on a two-year odysseythrough the muddy, mountain roads of Para-guay and end with a clue to a perplexingillness.His patient, a 42-year-old Paraguayan,showed up at Salazar's office at the Universityof Chicago Medical Center with stiffened,weak legs that were progressively worsening.His father, he said, had had similar problems,and had been told years ago by doctors that hesuffered from a partially paralyzing, inherit­ed illness known as familial spasticparaparesis.Salazar was intrigued. He remembered re­ports linking the disease to a retrovirus, a fam­ily of viruses that includes the AIDS virus- jhuman immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. In �this case, one of HIV's biological cousins- jhuman T-cell lymphotropic virus-L, or "0.,,;HTLV-l-was thought to be the culprit. �Like any good detective, he played a hunch. �He took a blood sample from the man, and !found evidence of the HTLV-l antibody, proof 1that he was infected with the virus. Then Sala- tu.D�&:cu@Edgar Salazar-Grueso: Tracking an elusive virus.zar tested the man's healthy wife, and she, too,produced antibodies, although she had nosymptoms. Their two children were virus­free.With a little finagling, Salazar managed toobtain blood samples from the patient's moth­er and grandmother, both still living in Para­guay. The virus was in their blood as well."The virus probably had traveled from theman's father to the man's mother, then throughbirth to the man, and then to his wife, " Sala­zar suggests."We had three generations right there thattested positive," he says. "That's when Ithought it was worth it to go to Paraguay andexamine the rest of the family."The odds were stacked against success. Be­fore the Colombian-born Salazar and severalof his co-workers could set off for Paraguay,they faced months of meticulous planning.They had first to find and then arrange to meetfamily members scattered throughout thecountryside. There were fragile blood sam­ples that would have to be refrigerated andkept uncontaminated, and then subjected tovery subtle tests back in Chicago-which lim­ited the trip to about a week. When they final­ly arrived in Paraguay last spring, they wereconfronted with unpaved mountain roads,sweltering heat, and a government reelingfrom the recent overthrow of a militarydictatorship.Still, the researchers were able to trackdown, and corral blood samples from, 37family members. "We found one other familymember who was sick and infected, andanother who was infected," Salazar says."That's a lot of this very rare virus for just onefamily, but we don't think the disease is gene­tic." Instead, he says, "the way the diseasespread seems to match the routes that re­troviruses take-through sexual relations, blood products, and in utero."To see how widespread the virus might be inthat section of Paraguay, the team tested 88non-relatives for comparison. Only one wasinfected. Because the virus is spread sexually,the researchers had hoped to obtain bloodsamples from "high-risk groups"­prostitutes and soldiers-but didn't havemuch luck. "They weren't exactly coopera­tive," Salazar recalls. "The soldiers werekept busy with a student demonstration in thecapital and the recent government change,and the prostitutes kept getting distracted withother matters. "In a report published in the New EnglandJournal of Medicine, the researchers stoppedshort of blaming the virus alone for causingthe disease, but did recommend that physi­cians confronted with cases of a neurological.disease that appears to run in a family checkfor the presence of HTLV-l. "I think therewill be several factors besides the virus in­volved in causing this disease, " Salazar notes."There may be genetic factors, or differentstrains of virus may affect people differently."I think we're one of the most complete ped­igrees to be published," he adds, proud of histriumphant medical detective work. "If youhad seen this case ten years ago, you wouldhave had to call it a genetically transmitteddisease. Now we can say, what is thought to bea genetic disease may not always be genetic­there may be viral factors involved."Retroviruses hadn't garnered much publicattention until a few years ago, when re­searchers found that a retrovirus caused AIDS. Since then, retroviruses have beenblamed for some rare cancers and suspectedof causing others, and have been linked to de­generative diseases such as multiple sclero­sis. Though rare in the United States, somepopulations in Japan have infection rates ashigh as 20 percent. HTLV-l is known to be be­hind a rare leukemia in Japan, central Africaand the Caribbean, as well as neurological ill­nesses in Japan and the tropics. Says Salazar:"The natures of the virus and the disorder arejust beginning to be described."Salazar's next step is to gain a better under­standing of why the infecting virus causes dis­ease in some individuals but not in others, andprecisely how the virus passes from one gen­eration to another.Concentrated SunJuiceSTAY OFF THE ROOF OF THE ENRICOFermi Institute when physicist RolandWinston, SB'56, SM'57, PhD'63, isaround. Winston, chairperson and professorof physics, recently used a heat collector, or"furnace, " on the institute roof to concentrateenergy from the sun that's 84,000 times great­er than the sun's normal power on earth­shattering his earlier world mark, set in 1988,by 40 percent."If you took a spaceship to the surface of thesun, you would not measure as much energyas you would in our laboratory," WinstonUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 37Solar collector shines brightest light.says. Winston achieved his feat, reported inNature, by using a technology called "non­imaging optics" -which he invented severalyears ago and which allows him to get aroundcertain light-focusing barriers that exist natu­rally in magnifying lenses and mirrors.The new technology offers a wide range ofpotential uses, including energizing lasers forcommunications, designing super-strongceramics, and obliterating hazardous wastes.Winston's solar collector relies on a precise­ly tailored cone of pure sapphire that funnelslight into a concentrated point. Unlike a mir­ror, which focuses light beams, the sapphirecone scrambles light, allowing beams to over­lap and become highly _concentrated. In the1970s, Winston discovered that normal optics-which form images in cameras and tele­scopes-couldn't concentrate as much light asis theoretically possible. By building specialnon-imaging mirrors, he found he couldsqueeze light rays together more tightly thanconventional mirrors, and concentrate lightfour times more intensely than before."The very high temperatures offer a myriadof possibilities, " he says. "People are wonder­ing just what can be done with this whole newrange of solar power. The chief advantage ofsolar power is that you don't pay for energy."For example, powering a laser requires veryhigh intensity light, Winston explains, andusually is done with other lasers or devicesknown as flash lamps. Sunlight is rarely anoption because its light isn't intense enough."By raising the intensity level of the sunlight,suddenly there's a whole technology of lasersthat can be powered very cheaply by sunlight,replacing conventional electric power. "The University already has established acompany, NiOptics, to explore the technolo­gy's commercial possibilities, which mightrange from computer panel displays and carlighting systems to fiber optics communica-38 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990tions. ''Anywhere you see light where youdon't see a picture, non-imaging optics has aplace," Winston says. "For example, we'reworking with Kodak to improve their 35mmprojector."One of the major automotive companieswould like to go from the present lighting sys­tem that uses a lot of light bulbs to light dash­boards and other parts of the car, to just a fewcentral light sources that would feed light'pipes' which would distribute light aroundthe car. That's a non-imaging problem. Sowe're designing that system, and hope to man­ufacture it. "But, Winston points out, potential sits farfrom reality. "We'd like to use this high­energy flux to operate lasers of varioustypes," he says about the next phase of hiswork. "We want to show that lasers can be runefficiently by sunlight and explore whichtypes would be best. Right now, solar lasersare only laboratory curiosities."His revolutionary techniques also have in­spired the U.S. Department of Energy's SolarEnergy Research Institute (SERI) , whichfunds the University work, to build its ownhuge solar furnace in Golden, Colo. "We havea long-term interest in developing this solarconcentrator as a practical tool," Winstonsays. "It's been written into the House budget,and we've been working with DOE on it,particularly with the folks at SERI, wherewe've been helping with optical design andfabricating optical components for their fur­nace." Locally, Midway Laboratory, a com­pany in Hyde Park, is exploring the use ofnon-imaging optics in solar energy cells, orphotovoltaics.In the end, non-imaging optics might evenboost a lackluster solar energy industry, notesan optimistic Winston, a solar energyadvocate.Dig Delay Nothing toWorry AboutFOR UNIVERSITY ARCHAEOLOGISTMcGuire Gibson, AM'64, PhD'68, ithas been business as usual this fall.Despite the threat of war in Iraq, where Gib­son's main excavations are headquartered,the professor of Near Eastern Languages andCivilizations has remained optimistic.Although the U. S. government placed atemporary ban on all American projects inIraq, Gibson has had plenty to keep him occu­pied. In March, he returned from the site ofthe ancient Babylonian city of Nippur, whichsits by the Euphrates River, about 60 milessouthwest of Baghdad; there, he had begun toexcavate a structure dedicated to the ancientMesopotamian goddess of healing (SUM- MER/90). "We have enough findings fromour last expedition," he says, "that we can bevery busy here chronicling everything formore than a year. "William Sumner, director of the Universi­ty's Oriental Institute, echoes Gibson: "Thetemporary ban on fieldwork in Iraq won't getin the way of continuing work on the analysisof the artifacts, documents, and other itemswe've been studying. You could say it gives usa chance to catch up a little bit."It's a shame, though," Sumner adds, "be­cause we intended to have a team at the Nippurproject in the upcoming field season. Nowwe're stopped in our tracks. It's disappointingbecause Professor Gibson was on the verge ofsome very exciting new discoveries at new ex­cavations. But the Near East political situa­tion is a cause for concern. "It's not the first time politics have interferedwith Gibson's research plans. "We've hadyears where we couldn't go there, when cer­tain things came up," he says. "During theIran- Iraq War we went there every other year.In 1980, when the war began, they told us notto come, and we didn't." On the other hand,he notes, "the expedition there has been inplace during two large Arab-Israeli wars, in1967 and 1973. We just kept working throughit. We've been very lucky. "The Oriental Institute has been excavating inNippur, a Mecca of its day, since 1948. Gib­son, who has headed the project since 1972, ishardly flippant about the potential dangers ofreturning to the Iraqi excavation sites. Rather,he seems confident that "if it's too dangerousthe Iraqis will tell us not to come. They havetremendous respect for culture, and separatescholarship from politics."Of course, I have no way of asking becausethe U. S. government has cut off all contactwith the Iraqi government. "Gibson knows that war zones make for poorresearch stations. "If there is any fighting inIraq, there are bound to be some sites ruined.There are so many sites-maybe as many asone-half million-in the country. Lots ofthings could be ruined, but I'm more worriedabout people getting killed."In late October, Gibson was taking the longview: "The war hasn't called a halt to ourwork. We normally only work there threemonths ofthe year. Like most major archaeo­logical sites, we have a guard there. I assumeeverything is fine. Everything looks muchmore vivid and dangerous from here." Pro­ject funding, which is largely private, he says,may be the main victim of any delay.Sumner says he expects the University's oth­er Near East projects, which include excava­tion sites in Jordan, Syria, Israel, and Egypt,to continue uninterrupted and unscathed.Compiled by Steven I. Benowitzlumni ChronicleStronger role for alumniThe last meeting of the Alumni ExecutiveCouncil-and the first meeting of the Univer­sity of Chicago Alumni Board of Governors­was held at Robie House on October 12-13.At the meeting, the Alumni Association'sgoverning body, led by President John D.Lyon, AB'55, voted to adopt a new set ofAlumni Association bylaws.The name switch, from AEC to AlumniBoard of Governors, reflects a changing rolefor the group, which has been restructured toallow the members of the Association's boardto take a more active role in formulating andimplementing the policies of the AlumniAssociation.To that end, each member serves on at leasttwo of the Board's standing or advisory com­mittees. In addition to the Executive andAwards committees, standing committees in­clude the Nominating Committee (chaired byEdward L. Anderson, PhB'46, SM'49), the Campus Programs Committee (Linda ThorenNeal, AB'64, JD'67), the Clubs Committee(Stephanie Abeshouse Wallis, AB'67), andthe Educational Services Committee (MaryLou Gorno, MBA' 76). Within their respectiveareas of Alumni Association activity, thesecommittees are charged with establishing po­licies, procedures, and goals.In addition, the Board has three advisorycommittees: the Development Committee(chaired by Richard L. Bechtolt, PhB' 46,AM'50), the Student Recruitment Commit­tee (Judy Ullmann Siggins, AB'66, AM'68,PhD'76), and the Magazine Committee (L.Gordon Crovitz, AB'80). These committeesadvise and assist the University on activitieswithin their purview which are administeredby offices other than those of the Alumni As­sociation but are of continuing interest to thealumni. Both standing and advisory commit­tees can make use of expertise beyond theBoard by recruiting consulting members(alumni, faculty, or administrators). On Saturday morning, after adopting thenew bylaws and before lunching with Presi­dent Gray, the Board of Governors met withthe Alumni Centennial Committee to discussplans for the University's 1991-1992 Centen­nial celebration, particularly as they relate toalumni activities on campus and in the clubs.The next full meeting of the Board of Gover­nors will take place April 12 and 13, 1991.Wanted: alumni governorsThe Nominations Committee of the AlumniAssociation Board of Governors is seekingnominations for two-year (July 1, 1991-June30, 1993) appointments to the Board. Nomi­nees may be alumni of the College, a division,or a professional school. Particularly strongcandidates are those who have demonstratedan interest in the University through their con­tinuing service and support, who are willingto attend both the fall and spring meetings ofthe Board, and who are prepared to carry outthe work of the Association through participa­tion on committees, and in other ways, be­tween Board meetings.Nominations should be made in writing toEdward L. Anderson, PhB'46, SM'49,Nominations Committee Chair, care of theUniversity of Chicago Alumni Association,Robie House, 5757 Woodlawn Avenue, Chi­cago, IL 60637. Please include a paragraph ortwo of background on the nominee for reviewby the committee, citing indications of thenominee's past service and support of theUniversity. The deadline for nominationsis February 1, 1991.Presidential journeysDuring the early part of 1991, UniversityPresident Hanna Holborn Gray will be theguest of alumni clubs in five cities around thecountry. In each city, President Gray will talkinformally about the University on the eve ofits Centennial year.On Monday, January 21, the Miami alumniclub will hold a reception to which local alum­ni, parents, and other friends will be invited.(Alumni who plan to be in Miami during Pres­ident Gray's visit and would like to attend thereception should call Danny Frohman at theAlumni Association, 3121702-2150.)Sunday, February 24, the Los Angelesalumni club will hold its reception for Presi­dent Gray. Later in the spring, the presidentwill visit three East Coast cities. A Sunday,April 7, reception is planned in Boston; aWednesday, April 10, gathering will be heldin New York City; and a Thursday, May 2, re­ception will take place in Philadelphia.Invitations to each of these receptions willbe mailed to local alumni, parents, and otherfriends about one month before the event;UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 3940 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE!DECEMBER 1990again, any alumni who are planning to be inone of these cities during President Gray's vis­it and who would like to attend the receptionshould contact Danny Frohman at the numbergiven above.Nol jusl for alumni anymoreHomecomingPLUS-an October 26-28weekend that combined Homecoming, theUniversity's Humanities Open House, and awide range of concerts, exhibits, athleticevents, and student performances-broughthundreds of alumni and other friends of theU of C to campus.About 700 persons signed up for one ormore of 58 seminars, on topics ranging from"Pliny the Elder on Nature, Technology, andEmpire" to "How to Make $25,000 in FiveMinutes, " offered during the 11 th annual Hu­manities Open House on Saturday, Oct. 27. Atthe conclusion of the day's keynote lecture,the Alumni Association's bagpipe band ledthe way from the Reynolds Clubhouse to apre-game picnic on the outskirts of StaggField. Three a capella student groups­UnaccompaniedWomen, the Crescats, andthe AcaFellas-sang songs from Chicago'sBig Ten days, doo wop, and Broadway showtunes.Although cheered on by what the AthleticDepartment called a "beyond capacity"crowd of 1 ,500, the Maroon football team lostto Quincy College. But the weekend wasn'tover. Sunday events included Court Theatreperformances of George Bernard Shaw'sCandida and the University of ChicagoSymphony Orchestra's annual Halloweenconcert-with both audience and musiciansin costume.Insider's look at EgyptologyThe first of a new series of Winter Weekendsat the University will feature "Egyptologyand the Work of the Oriental Institute." Theprogram, which begins on Friday evening,January 25, and runs through Sunday noon,January 27, will give participants an insider'sview of the historic discoveries made byEgyptologists at the Oriental Institute, as wellas their pioneering development of salvagearchaeology.The weekend's featured scholars includeLanny Bell, associate professor of Egyptolo­gy and former field director of the Universi­ty's Epigraphic Survey in Luxor; John Lar­son, museum archivist at the OrientalInstitute; and Frank Yurco, a doctoral studentat the University who is also the consultingEgyptologist for the Field Museum's new"Inside Ancient Egypt" exhibit.A behind-the-scenes visit to the OrientalInstitute includes a tour of its conservation facilities and workrooms, led by the muse­um's director, conservator, and archivist.There will also be an after-hours tour of the"Inside Ancient Egypt" at the FieldMuseum.The program's cost includes special­rate accommodations at Chicago's Ritz­Carlton Hotel; transportation to and fromcampus is provided. A limited number ofspaces have been reserved for local partici­pants who wish to provide their own housingand transportation.A second Winter Weekend, focusing on theprairie architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright,will take place March 8-10. It will includelectures by scholars and architects, as well asspecially conducted tours of Wright-designedhomes in Hyde Park and Oak Park, and willconclude with a brunch and program centeredon Robie House, one of Wright's most influ­ential domestic designs.For more information on either weekend,contact Laura Gruen at the Alumni Associa­tion, Robie House, 5757 Woodlawn Avenue,Chicago, IL60637, or call 3121702-2150.Play boD-ogoinThis winter's Maroon basketball schedulewill include "classic" matches between for­mer cagers. The Order of the C will hold itsAnnual Alumni Game on Saturday, January26, at 4:00 p.m. in the Henry Crown FieldHouse, while the Women's Athletic Associa­tion will hold its alumnae match on Sunday,February 3, at 11:30 a.m. in the field house.Followingeach game will be games by boththe current men's and women's varsity teams(on January 26, against Washington U niversi­ty; on February 3, the University of Roches­ter). For more information, contact Order ofthe C president Dave Fialkowski, AB'86(3121702-7275) or WAA president Ann Har­villa, AB'19 (3121702-8655).The University Athletic Association sched­ule will take the men (6-15 last year) and thewomen (11-3) to seven universities this win­ter: University of Rochester, Thurs., Jan. 10(W 6:00 p.m., M 8:00 p.m.); Brandeis Uni­versity, Sat., Jan. 12 (M 1:00 p.m., W 7:00p.m.); Johns Hopkins University, Fri., Feb. 8(W 6:00 p.m., M 8:00 p.m.); Carnegie Mel­lon University, Sun., Feb. 10 (W 1:00 p.m.,M 3:00 p.m.); Emory University, Fri., Feb.15 (W 6:00 p.m., M 8:00 p.m.); New YorkUniversity, Sun., Feb. 17 (W 12:00 p.m., M4:00p.m.); and Washington University, Sat.,Feb. 23 (W6:00p.m., M 8:00p.m.).Alumni groups in these UAA cities areencouraged to come out and support theMaroons. If you would like any help in orga­nizing an event around one of the basketballgames, call Danny Frohman at the AlumniAssociation, 3121702-2150.lass News"No news is good news," is one cliche to which wedo not subscribe at the Magazine, Please send someof your news to the Class News Editor, University ofChicago Magatine, 5757 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago,IL 60637. No engagements, please. Items may beedited for space.31 Eli Borkon, SB'31, PhD'36, MD'37, is are­tired internist and professor emeritus of med­icine of Southern Illinois University. Bernard Drell,PhB'31, AM'34, PhD'39, lives in "semi­retirement," with his wife, Lula Drell, AM'42, inFalls Church, VA. Frances Talley, PhB'31, writes,"For my 80th year I chose to study in Italy the art andarchitecture of Padua; on the actual day I went para­sailing with my grandchildren."33 Richard Niehoff, PhB'33, AM'34, profes­sor emeritus of education at Michigan StateUniversity, has received a grant to complete a book onthe late Floyd W. Reeves, MAT'21, PhD'25, who wasalso professor emeritus of education at MSU. In addi­tion to having founded a national Scrabble club,Geraldine Manaster Wenk, PhB'33, who lives inLaguna Hills, CA, is about to become a great­grandmother.34 Wilfred (Bill) Bach, PhB'34, lives at theAdmiral Retirement Home in Chicago. Hisson, Stanley Bach, AB'66, works for the Congres­sional Research Service in Washington, De.35 W. Edward Clark, AB'35, of Omaha, NE,revisited Omaha and Utah beaches in Nor­mandy, France, where he landed as an American sol­dier in 1944.36 P. Blair Ellsworth, SB'36, MD'39, hasbeen retired for 17 years and spends his sum­mers in Island Park, ID, and his winters in Sun City,AZ. Cynthia Grabo, AB'36, AM'41, lives inArlington, VA, where she is retired as an intelligenceanalyst for the Department of Defense.38 Philip Rootberg, AB'38, has been named tothe board of directors of the Illinois EyeFund, which raises money for the Eye Center at theUniversity of Illinois at Chicago. He and his wife,Myn, live in Oak Park.39 N. Newton Islander, X'39, and his wife,Gladys, celebrated their 50th wedding anni­versary in September.42 Lula Franklin Drell, AM'42, see 1931,Bernard Drell.46 Christine Tardy Coleman, AB'46, has re­tired from journalism and has taken up sculp- ture, primarily stone and wood, and dance, which shefirst learned in Hyde Park. Robert McCord, AB' 46,JD' 48, has retired as chairman and chief executive of­ficer of Illinois Life and Casualty. He will continue asa director of the company.47 Ann Morrissett Davidon, X'47, is with thePeace Corps, teaching English in Czecho­slovakia. Albert Rees, AM'47, PhD'50, who recentlyretired as senior research economist at Princeton U ni­versity, has been elected to the board of directors ofRecording for the Blind.48 Robert W. Crowe, AB'48, JD'49, hasfounded Resolve Dispute Management,Inc., a group of lawyers who provide dispute resolu­tion services. Ernst L. Gayden, PhB'48, chairs thecommittee to establish a urogram in agricultural ecol­ogy at the Huxley College of Environmental Studies,Western Washington University, Bellingham.Jesus Gil de Lamadrid, SB'48, SM'49, was select­ed by students as the outstanding mathematics profes­sor at the University of Minnesota. Fred Gottesman,X' 48, and his wife, Charlotte, are retired and living inNorth Bellmore, NY. Frank G. Rothman, AB'48,SM'51, has been appointed provost at Brown Univer­sity in Providence, RI.49 Lester Asheim, PhD'49, William RandKenan professor emeritus of information andlibrary science at the University of North Carolina atChapel Hill, has endowed a scholarship to fund gradu­ate students in the library school at UNe. HannahDiggs Atkins, BLS' 49, Secretary of Statefor Oklaho­ma, received the National Governors' AssociationAward for distinguished service to state government.50 Lionel Lerner, AB'50, AM'52, writes thathe is applying his master's thesis to his workat the California Energy Commission. Lewis Lipsitt,AB'50, professor of psychology and medical scienceat Brown University, has been granted a two-yearleave of absence to become executive director for sci­ence at the American Psychological Association inWashington. Terrence O'Donnell, PhB' 50, has beenchosen to co-edit Oregon Letters and Diaries, a vol­ume of the proposed Oregon Literature Series.Rica Anido Rock, AB'50, MST'57, was promotedto full professor of biology at the Fashion Institute ofTechnology. University of Minnesota Regents' profes­sorVernon W. Ruttan, AM'50, PhD'52, was electedto the National Academy of Sciences. GregoryVotaw, AM'50, is a consultant for internationaleconomic development and lives in Bethesda, MD.James L. Weil, AB'50, is a poet and book publisherand has been elected a director of the Keats-ShelleyAssociation of America. See also Books.51 Bertram Kostant, SM'51, PhD'54, re­ceived a Steele prize from the AmericanMathematical Society for a paper he wrote in 1975which has "proved to be of lasting importance in itsfield." He is a professor at Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology.52 Ruth Curd Dickinson, AB'52, is now as­sistant vice chancellor for medical alumni and development programs at Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine in St. Louis, MO. University ofMissouri-Kansas City professor and poet David Ray,AB'52, AM'57, won an award for the best previouslypublished poem of 1989 with "Holladay's Sin."54 William Hillman, X'54, a judge and a sen­ior member of Strauss, Factor, Hillman &Lopes in Providence, RI, has been named a life mem­ber of the national conference of commissioners onUniform State Laws.55 Robert Reusche, MBA'55, recently retiredafter 18 years as senior executive of theNorthern Trust Company in Chicago.56 George Stricker, AB'56, a professor atAdelphi University, won the 1990 AmericanPsychological Association's award for distinguishedprofessional contributions to applied psychology.57 Douglas Northrop, AB'57, PhD'66, deanof faculty at Ripon College, served as thechair of the Wisconsin Humanities Committee lastyear.58 Robert Puckett, AM'58, PhD'61, aprofes­sor at Indiana State University, has been ap­pointed to the President's Commission on WhiteHouse Fellowships. RobertH. Wellington, MBA'58,has retired as chairman and chief executive officer ofAmsted Industries in Chicago.59 RobertO. Crummey, AM'59, PhD'64, hasbeen named dean of the College of Lettersand Science at the University of California at Davis.60 Benjamin Cohen, AB'60, see 1964, BarryBayer.61 John Agria, AM'61, PhD'66, was namedpresident of the University of Dubuque inDubuque, IA. Samuel Farber, AB'61, is a politicalscience professor at Brooklyn College.62 V. Olga Beattie Emery, AB'62, PhD'82,director of the Center on Aging, Health, andSociety at Dartmouth College, won the 1989 distin­guished creative contribution award from the Ger­ontological Society of America. Bob Solotaroff,AM' 62, PhD' 69, has been promoted to full professorof English at the University of Minnesota. See alsoBooks.63 Paul Cohen, AM'63, is director of advertis­ing and marketing at The Florida Times­Union in Jacksonville, FL. N. David Palmeter,JD'63, is vice chairman of the antitrust and trade lawcommittee and chairman of the trade and customs lawcommittee of the International Bar Association.64 Barry D. Bayer, AB'64, editor-in-chief ofLaw Office Technology, announces that thenewsletter has named Benjamin Cohen, AB'60, asexecutive editor. Both men are lawyers in the Chicagoarea. Aija Blumenfield Fox, SB'64, writes that sheand Ann Cox, SB'65, Kathryn Langwell, X'64, andUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 41Art to ArtCartoonist Cissie Peltz adds to herlist of creative endeavors with theopening of a Milwaukee galleryCissie Peltz's hobby of collecting art,which culminated in the opening ofthe Peltz Gallery in July 1989, datesto 1955. In August of that year, Peltz,AB'46, andherlatehusband, Dick, AB'46,AM' 49, PhD' 53, were traveling in Europe.Already pushing the limits of their budget,they found themselves in Paris. "Everythingwas closed," Peltz recounts, "except for afew small art galleries." Taking their last. $100, the Peltzes bought lithographs byChagall and Matisse, an etching by Picasso,and a few other pieces. "We didn't eat inParis because of it, " Peltz remembers.Since then Peltz has made a life of creat­ing' collecting, buying, and selling art. Shesays that her choice of cartooning as a careerwas hardly a conscious decision: "I started42 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990drawing when I was so little, 1 was doing po­litical cartoons in elementary school, and inhigh school 1 had a comic strip." Peltz con­tinued her drawing at the U of C, running aweekly cartoon in the Maroon. Throughouther ensuing career she drew for the SaturdayReview, the Saturday Evening Post, andCosmopolitan, and had a regular feature inthe Chicago Tribune Books Section. Overthe years, many of her illustrations have alsoappeared in the University of Chicago Mag­azine. She continues to do illustrations on afreelance basis today.Peltz got her start as an art dealer in theearly 1980s when a friend in Milwaukee de­cided to open her own gallery and asked forPeltz's help. Despite her apprehensions­"the only things 1 'd ever sold before were myown cartoons, and I hated that" -Peltzagreed. She learned quickly, and when herfriend decided to close the gallery two yearslater many of the artists Peltz had handledasked her to continue to represent them. Sheworked as an independent agent for sixyears; then her son, David, agreed to be apartner with her in their own gallery.Peltz explains, "It had gotten so that wehad pictures piled all over the house. Wecouldn't see out our windows. 1 still can'tplay the record player or get to my book­cases, but we thought a gallery would solvethe problem." She and David began lookingfor real estate in the Milwaukee area, and hitupon a Victorian house, built in 1885, as theperfect location. ''After looking at spacesthat were quite different, we just fell in lovewith it." She says that not only does she likethe ornately decorated exterior, but the veryhigh ceilings allow track lighting, whichprotects the art by its distance.The Peltz Gallery focuses on contempo­rary art, but displays a wide range of artists."I have very eclectic tastes," Peltz asserts."1 love some realistic art and I'm crazyabout some abstract art. So we try to findboth." The gallery showcases Wisconsintalent- "for some reason this placeproduces wonderful people," Peltz says­but also exhibits nationally known artistssuch as Ed Pashke, Claes Oldenburg, andChristo. Two exhibits have displayed thework of Jeanette Pasin Sloan, MFA' 69.Peltz particularly enjoys working withyoung people. One of her prime goals is tosee artists whom the gallery has introducedbecome established in national circles. Shealso likes to help steer collectors who arejust starting out. "No one should buy any­thing they don't love, " she believes, "but it ispossible to get both an investment and some­thing you like." -J. C. Ann Lipsky, AB'64, had their own reunion duringthe U of C Reunion in June. Fox is an electronics engi­neer in Los Angeles; Cox works for NASA in San An­tonio, TX; Langwell is an economist in Washington,DC; and Lipsky is a businesswoman, also in Washing­ton, DC.Larry Lowenthal, AB'64, was recently named atrustee of the Advertising Federation of Greater FortLauderdale, FL. He is also involved in real estate. Helives with his wife, Janice, and his son in southernFlorida.65 Ann Cox, SB'65, see 1964, Aija Fox.Bonnie Greer, AB'65, writes articles andgives astronomy lectures "under the dark skies ofupstate New York." Richard J. Weiser, PhD'65, isdean of the faculty at the Professional School of Psy­chology. He also has a private practice in San Francis­co. ArthurE. Wise, MBA'65, PhD'67, is president ofthe National Council for Accreditation of TeacherEducation.66 Stanley Bach, AB'66, see 1934, Bill Bach.Mark H. Bickhard, SB'66, SM'70,PhD'73, has been named Henry R. Luce professor incognitive robotics and the philosophy of knowledge atLehigh University. Walter Eisenbeis, PhD'66, a reli­gion professor, has been named to the Honors Facultyat Denison University. Betsy Fuchs, AB'66, recentlystarted her own consulting business, Training Plus, inChicago. She trains adults in computer skills. JohnPazour, AB' 66, has been appointed city manager forAurora, CO.67 Paula Goldsmid, AM'67, PhD'72, isthedi­rector of the Women's Resource Center at theUniversity of California at Irvine. H. Harry Hender­son, MBA'67, retired as vice president of marketingand public affairs at Interlake Corporation. He is ac­tive in civic affairs in the Chicago area. Jeremy Klein,AB'67, editor of Et Cetera, a semantics journal, livesin San Francisco.68 Sandra Acker, AM'68, PhD'78, will jointhe department of sociology in education atthe Ontario Institute for Studies in Education in Toron­to, Canada, beginning in January. See also Books.Prudence Richardson Beidler, MST'68, is a trusteeof Lake Forest College. David Bickimer, PhD' 68, re­ceived the Kenan award for excellence in teachingfrom Pace University in New York.David Hursh, MBA'68, has been named presidentof Miles Kimball, a mail-order company. He is mar­ried and has two sons. Thomas Jacobsen, MBA'68,CEO of Mercantile Bancorporation, is a trustee ofWashington University in St. Louis.69 Robert Eastwood, MBA' 69 , is marketingdirector at SL Waber, Inc. Bethe Hagens,AM'69, PhD'72, received a faculty excellence awardfrom Governors State University, where she is a pro­fessor of anthropology. William J. Hynes, AM'69,PhD'76, is academic vice president and professor ofreligious studies at St. Mary's College in Moraga,CA. He and his wife welcomed their first child,Kieran Andrew, in 1989.70 Richard L. Schmalbeck, AB'70, JD'75,has been named dean at the University ofIlli­nois College of Law. Richard D. Smith, PhD'70, in­ventor of a deacidifying process for preserving paper,founded Wei T'o Associates in 1972. It was acquiredby Union Carbide in 1989. Smith plans to use a portionof his royalty income to establish a foundation to sup­port graduate research on document preservation.Walter Treiber, MBA'70, president and chief execu­tive officer of Chicago White Metal Casting, has beenelected president of the International MagnesiumAssociation.71 Ralph D. Davis, AB'71 , MBA' 72 , lecturer inmarketing and law at Illinois Institute ofTechnology, received the "Best Article of the Year"award from American Business Law Journal. WendyGlockner Kates, AB'71, AM'77, PhD'83, is a psy­chologist at the Kennedy Institute and a professor atJohns Hopkins University. Her husband, DonaldKates, AB' 71 , is a coordinator for the Child Develop­ment Center in Washington, DC, and a professor atGeorgetown University. Martin Marcus, AB'71, hasbeen appointed ajustice of the supreme court of BronxCounty, New York.John Siefert, AB'71, has taken a leave of absencefrom the police force in Milwaukee, WI, to serve as as­sistant vice president of the Golden Rule InsuranceCompany in Indianapolis, IN. In 1979 he took a simi­lar leave to serve as a lower court judge in Milwaukee.Joel Smirnoff, X'71, plays second violin in the Juil­liard String Quartet and is on the violin and chambermusic faculties of the Juilliard School of Music, NewYork City.72 Ethan T. Haimo, AB'72, returned to the Uof C as a visiting professor in the music de­partment for the spring quarter, 1990. See also Books.Arnold Lund, AB'72, is now senior director for hu­man factors at Ameritech Services in Rolling Mead­ows, IL. He and his wife recently had a daughter, AnnaDoribeth.David M. Rieth, JO'72, a partner in a Tampa, FL,law firm, is certified as a specialist in estate planningand probate law. Peggy Sullivan, PhO'72, has beennamed interim library director at Northern IllinoisUniversity.73 Henry Cade, MBA'73, director of publicaffairs for Walgreens drugstore chain, re­ceived the Harold W. Pratt award from the NationalAssociation of Chain Drug Stores. He was honored forhis contributions to the promotion and improvementof pharmacy. Margaret Ann Johnson, AM'73, wonthe outstanding student award at Metropolitan StateUniversity's Masters of Management and Administra­tion program. Her master's project discussed libraryautomation.Kansas State University has named Chii-Dong Lin,SM '73, PhO '74, a distinguished professor in the phys­ics department. Paul Wesley Nakazawa, AB'73,MBA'74, is managing principal of an internationalarchitectural and urban planning firm in Boston.Stephen Olson, JO'73, a lawyer in Pittsburgh, PA,has been named a trustee of Chatham College. MaryB. Speers, AB'73, received her M.Oiv. from UnionTheological Seminary and was ordained as pastor ofthe United Presbyterian Church in Queens, New YorkCity. William Suddath, MBA'73, is president of theacquisition finance division of Household Commer­cial Financial Services.17A T. L. Brink, AM'74, PhO'78, is a visiting.. -z professor at Iberoamerican University inMexico City, and vice president of Solis ComputerSoftware. See also Books. Sharon Stanton Russell,AM'74, is a research scholar at the Center for Interna­tional Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech­nology and a consultant to the World Bank and the PewCharitable Trusts. Her two daughters are at ColumbiaCollege and her husband, Rob, is professor of medi­cine and nutrition at Tufts University.James Wei, SM'74, MBA' 76 , joined Merrill Lynchas an investment analyst last year. He and his wife,Kinndy, married in October 1988, have a son, David.7 5 Edward Hutt, MD '75, is senior medical di­rector for the Arizona region of FHP. Jona­than Kahn, JO '75, completed his diagnostic radiolo­gy residency and is now married and living in Food WarriorAs director of the Center forSdence in the Public Interest,Michaeljacobson watcheswhat you eatMichael Jacobson, AB'65, doesn'tlook like a terrorist. The soft­spoken scientist -turned-activistclaims his University of Chicago educationtrained him to become a college chemistryprofessor. Instead, armed with a Ph.D. inmicrobiology from the Massachusetts Insti­tute of Technology, he shunned late '60sconventionalities and ran off to Washington,D. C. , to join Ralph Nader's consumer shocktroops. Today the Chicago native hangs hisshingle on a three-story brownstone 15blocks from the White House, where hisunassuming manner belies a passionategastronomic do-gooder. Jacobson is co­founder and executive director of the Centerfor Science in the Public Interest, a non­profit consumer advocacy group specializ­ing in nutrition and food safety. He and astaff of 35 are the nation's nutrition police.Jacobson is trim and fit and a newlywed at47 (wife Donna Lenhoff, AB '72, directs theWomen's Legal Defense Fund in Washing­ton, D.C.). Streaks of gray pepper his mus­tache and mop of curly black hair. As pro­fessorial as he appears, he's been labeled akook and a nutrition terrorist for some of hishigh-profile news conferences and mediaploys. (His elaborate "Junk Food Hall ofShame" display is the stuff of activist leg­end, and test tubes full of Crisco, whichattest to the fat in a fast-food meal, sit ondisplay in the CSPI lobby.) "From thebeginning, the group has supported ideasthat have become surprisingly main­stream," Jacobson says, citing CSPI cru­sades to remove additives from baby foods,cut nitrites in meats, and reduce caffeineconsumption .CSPI's usual modus operandi is to alert theFood and Drug Administration or some oth­er government agency about potentiallydangerous deceptions which might threatenfood safety. The organization writes letters,newsletters, books, and news releases; holdspress conferences; and lobbies Congress.Take CSPI's assault on fast foods. Startingin 1984, the group shook the $50-billion­a-year industry and consumers with bro­chures, books and news conferences decry ..ing the high fat, sodium and cholesterol of abasic burger-fries-shake diet. Iteven staged a one-day picket of a local McDonald's."Now," Jacobson says with just a hint ofsatisfaction, "companies are beginning tocompete on the basis of nutrition." Fast­food chains stopped cooking french fries inanimal fat, switching to more healthful veg­etable oils. Salads suddenly sprouted onmenus. The group also has won publichealth plaudits for its tiny victories in pro­moting more detailed contents labeling,higher taxes, and controlled advertising foralcoholic beverages.After earning a bachelor's degree in chem­istry, Jacobson went on to study biochemis­try at the University of California at SanDiego. After two years, he followed molec­ular biologist and future Nobel laureateDavid Baltimore - he was Baltimore's firstgraduate student - to MIT, where Jacobsonfirst began to pursue social causes. With thefinancial support of a Salk Institute fellow­ship, Jacobson soon left to volunteer for Na­der's Center for the Study of ResponsiveLaw.. He was impressed with Nader's"brand of establishment activism," whichvied for change through facts rather thanstreet demonstrations. Two years later, in1971, he and two other scientists foundedCSPI, "an organization for scientists to getinvolved in social issues, " he says.Jacobson admits frustration, but is proudof CSPI's accomplishments. "Change takesyears of effort, and the government bureau­cracy is resilient. But it's gratifying to see thepublic's attitudes change on nutrition and al­cohol and to think a small group like CSPIhas played such a large role." -So B.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 43Pulpable SuccessEditor and publisher NickPavkovic uses his computergraphics and programmingskills to create the kind ofmagazine he wants to readPulp magazine is a collection of"what interesting people find inter­esting." At least, that's. how NickPavkovic, AB'83, perceives the Chicago­based Spy-meets- The New Yorker magazinethat he founded, designs, and edits. Pulp,the first issue of which appeared in Decem­ber 1988, is an eclectic mixture of fiction,non-fiction, interviews, photography, illus­tration, and computer graphics, a magazinewhich prides itself on publishing workswhich more mainstream publications re­ject. The entire magazine is produced with asoftware program which Pavkovic wrotehimself and which allows him to do every­thing he wants to do-almost. Sometimesthe program needs revising, but as Pavkovicsays, "If I see something I'm dissatisfiedwith, I do it myself."When friend and photographer FrancescoCaceres approached Pavkovic-who hadworked as a computer programmer for abook publishing company and then as a con-44 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990sultant-with an idea for a new, progressivemagazine, Pavkovic was immediately inter­ested. "It was at a time when I was feelingthat the projects I was working on were tootechnical. I'm the kind of guy who liveswhat I do, and I thought, I'm turning into ageek! So when my friend approached me Ithought here was a way to do somethingcompletely different, more art-related."Between the two of them they had manyfriends and contacts in the art world, andthough they didn't "do any market researchor anything, " they realized that there was aniche for the kind of offbeat publication theywanted to produce. "I thought there were alot of magazines around that were too main­stream and rather boring. We didn't quantifyit, but we figured that our contributors wereinteresting enough, and so whatever theirtastes and interests were would also commu­nicate to other people. At least that's whatwe're striving for." .Even Pav kovic has a difficult time describ­ing Pulp, with its oddball features such as"Church Beat," a tongue-in-cheek look atlocal church services. (Reviewed by NiallLynch, AM'85, a former divinity student, arecent service rated two crosses, or "Waitfor the Nintendo version.") "Given that wecould say anything about Pulp and have it beat least partially true, we like to think of it asa literary and visual arts magazine, a kind ofvisual New Yorker, " Pavkovic says.Though some might find it odd that a mathmajor would wind up as an editor of a publi­cation which "seems to defy categoriza­tion," Pavkovic himself sees no incongrui­ty. "Most successful mathematicians that Iknew-sure, you talk about numbers, butyou also have a very vivid imagination andyou have all sorts of little pictures for thesethings that you talk about. It's the same thingwith graphics programming: it looks justlike numbers but you have this idea of whatit's going to come out like."While Pavkovic admits that "the financialstuff has been a nightmare"-Pulp's con­tributors are all unpaid-he also feels thatPulp, which has recently become a bi­monthly publication, has so far been a suc­cess. "It seems like people like it, and that'ssurprised me. Coming from an academicpoint of view, you expect everything to be astruggle. To have something which seemsto have come naturally to me .... " HerePavkovic pauses, pondering his luck. Thenhe continues: "Putting together the maga­zine has been a lot -of fun. That's reallywhat's kept us going." And, he hopes, whatwill keep interesting people interested inPulp.-J.C Chicago. Anthony Julianelle, AB'75, has joinedthe faculty of the mathematics department at St. Mi­chael's College in Colchester, VT. Barry A. Kozyra,AB'75, and his wife recently had a daughter, Alexan­dra Antoinette. He works for Walder, Sondak, Berke­ley & Brogan, a New Jersey law firm.Michael Rodin, AB '75, is a vice president with Pu­get Sound Bancorp. Marianne West, AB '75, and herhusband, Gerald O'Keefe, had a daughter, Lucy, inFebruary. Marianne is president of her own healthcaremarketing firm and president of the Chicago WomenHealth Executives Network. Suleman S. Verjee,PhD'75, is senior director for pharmaceuticals atTriton Biosciences in Alameda, CA.76 Eric Beyer, AB'76, assistant professor atWashington University medical school, hasreceived a grant to conduct immunology research.Peter Browning, MBA'76, has been named presidentand chief executive officer of Aancor and NationalGypsum. Lydia Cummings, MBA' 76 , a computerapplications consultant, married Stanley Kusper, law­yer and Cook County (IL) clerk, in July. BrentStaples, AM'76, PhD'82, was appointed to the edito­rial board of The New York Times.77 Peter S. Cookson, PhD'77, was awarded aFulbright Central American Republics re­search fellowship for 1991. He will study in Nicaraguaand Costa Rica. Lawrence W. Hecht, PhD '77, is sen­ior research scientist at the College Entrance Exami­nation Board in New York City.William Kaye, MBA'77, resigned as head of take­over stock trading at PaineWebber. Jeffrey Nick,MBA'77, is a senior vice president with Lincoln Na­tional Corporation. Thomas D. Schultz, AB'77, andhis wife, Janet Torrey Schultz, AB'81, have movedto Granville, OH, where he is an assistant professor ofbiology and she is assistant director of admissions atDenison University.78 Gerald Miller, MBA'78, has been namedassistant professor of computer science atAurora University in Aurora, IL. Paul Stanford,AB'78, JD'81, is vice president and general counselfor CalMat Company in Los Angeles.79 Catherine Becker, AB'79, married Fred­erik Harboe in September. She is an architectwith Paul Froncek Architects in Chicago. MarciaBunge, AM'79, PhD'S6, is an assistant professor ofreligion and philosophy at Luther College in Decorah,IA. She was married in June to Gary Dulin. LindaHill, AM'79, PhD'82, has been appointed to theboard of corporators of the Children's Museum in Bos­ton. She is an assistant professor in the business schoolat Harvard University.David Krueger, AM'79, AM'81, PhD'88, hasbeen appointed to the Charles E. Spahr Chair in mana­gerial and corporate ethics at Baldwin Wallace Col­lege in Ohio. Paul Lawrence, AB'79, is a partnerwith Preston Thorgrimson Shidler Gates & Ellis, a Se­attle law firm. Richard N. Shulik, PhD'79, is princi­pal neuropsychologist at Lake Shore Hospital, Man­chester, NH. He and his wife now have three sons.Peter Smith, AB'79, is a lieutenant in the Navy andlives in Washington, DC. He is married and has twosons, Mark and Pablo. Lynn N. Stegner, MBA'79, isassistant treasurer for Eclipse, a private manufacturerin Rockford, IL. Steven Strongm, AB'79, AM'S2, isvice president in the research department of the Feder­al Reserve Bank of Chicago.80 Larry Boyer, PhD'SO, has joined the envi­ronmental services staff of Graef, Anhalt,Schloemer & Associates as a geologist. Rachel Flick,AB'80, is a senior editor with Reader's Digest. EvanKent, JD'80, a U.S. patent attorney, was named to theu.s. delegation to the United Nations InternationalOrganization for Standardization of Hydrogen UsageCommittee. Michael Matte, MBA' 80, has·joinedBrown-Forman Corporation as vice president and di­rector of operations.81 Geoffrey L. Faux, MBA' 81, has been namedvice president of marketing for GE CapitalCorporate Finance Group in Atlanta, GA. MattKaplan, MBA' 81, is vice president of the retail bagdivision of Stone Container Corporation. Seth Lerer,PhD '81, has been appointed professor of English atStanford University. ValerieR. Morrow, AB'81, andOliver R. W. Pergams, AB' 81, were married in May1989, and Alexander Gustav Pergams was born in Jan­uary 1990. The family lives in Chicago.83 Martha F. Davis, JD' 83, is now a staff attor­ney at the National Organization for WomenLegal Defense and Education Fund in New York City.Thomas Lang, AB' 83, recently received his Ph. D. inchemistry from the University of California at Berke­ley. He and his wife, Viviana, live in Emeryville, CA,where he is a research scientist at the University ofCalifornia at San Francisco School of Medicine.84 Sharon L. Blanchette, AB'84, is a litigatorwith the law department of the First NationalBank of Chicago. Ralph Bremigan, AB'84, earnedhis Ph.D. in mathematics from Brandeis University inMay; he spent his Spring 1989 semester as a visitingstudent at the University of Basel.Nina Bruhns, AM'84, lives with her husband, TimWiesnet, in Washington, DC. They had their firstchild, Gordon Skyler Wiesnet, in January. Nina is anarchaeologist and a realtor. James Carlisle, MBA' 84,is director of automotive operations for Morton Inter­national. Francis J. Hannon, SB'84, received hisPh.D. in organic chemistry from Harvard Universityand now works for Amoco in Naperville, IL.Eileen Kamerick, JD'84, was married in August.She is an international attorney for Amoco Corp. H. S.Ko, AB'84, is an Army Dental Corps officer in Pana­ma. Richard M. Lemanski, MBA' 84 , lives inShelton, CT. Thomas Lee, AB'84, MD'88, has re­ceived a $35,000 fellowship from Bristol-MeyersSquibb to study surgical infections.Carolyn Rodeffer Libby, MBA'84, is a seniorproduct manager at General Foods and has recentlybeen managing the introduction of Maxwell HouseFilter Packs, a product which she developed. She liveswith her husband, Ned, and their son, Christopher, inNew York. Jennifer Peace Thurber, AB'84, wasmarried in September in Lexington, MA. Attendantsincluded Charles Henry Howell, AB'84.85 Arthur Chan, AM'85, and Mary Cho,MBA' 85 , have a son, Stephen. Arthur worksfor Dean Witter Reynolds and Mary is assistant vicepresident at Aubrey Langston & Co. SuzanneGilbert, MBA' 85 , is executive vice president andchief financial officer with Lintas.Campbell-Ewald,an advertising agency with headquarters in Warren,MI. Chris McNickle, AM'85, PhD'89, is vice presi­dent of Greenwich Associates, a consulting firm.86 Andrew Boshardy, AB'86, and his wife,Patricia Farrow Boshardy, AB'86, live inCicero, IL. Andrew is a resident at MacNeal Hospitalin Berwyn, IL. John Burbank, AB'86, was marriedto Kristen Kagler in August; he is currently a graduatestudentatthe U ofC. Lawrence Fabina, MBA' 86 , hasbeen promoted to assistant superintendent at the Burns Harbor, IN, plant of Bethlehem Steel. John Moses,MBA'86, was part of an international exploring groupthat attempted to attain the world's depth record in theCaucasus Mountains of the USSR in September.87 David Fischer, AB'87, has left the astrono­my department at Ohio State University tobecome a Peace Corps volunteer in the country ofBenin. Myra LaVenue, AB'87, is working in publicrelations in New York City, and Jonathan Cole,AB'87, is at law school at New York University. Mau­reen McGinnis, MBA'87, is married and living inElmwood Park, IL.Robert J. Rhee, AB'87, has been selected as a lawclerk to the Honorable Richard L. Nygaard of the U.S.Court of Appeals, Third Circuit. John Stackhouse,PhD' 87, has been appointed to the religion departmentat the University of Manitoba. May Toy, AB'87,works for Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati, OH.88 Farzad Alvi, AB'88, is studying for hisM.B.A. at the University of Toronto. Pam­ela Kozel Barbara, MBA'88, is executive director ofthe Amoco Foundation, Amoco Corporation's charityfund. George Haman, MBA' 88, was elected assistantvice president at Roosevelt Bank in St. Louis, Mo.Phillip Millman, AB' 88, see 1989, Marina Mishnay­evskaya.Kevin Smith, MBA'88, of Owings Mills, MD, hasbeen named president and controller for Alexander& Alexander, a brokerage and consulting company. Lawrence A. Stein, AB'88, lives in Des Plaines, IL.Audrey. Tatar, MD'88, is a medical resident atMichael Reese Medical Center, Chicago. HisaoTateishi, MBA'88, lives in Tokyo, Japan. ToddWarnock, MBA'88, was married in September. Heworks for First Boston in Chicago.89 Mary Gutting, AB' 89, writes that she andNick DiCrescenzo, '90, were married in Ju­ly. They met while involved in Model United Nationsin the College. James Korenchan, MBA' 89, is super­visor of engine development for General Motors.He and his wife, Beth, had their second son, David,in July.Sofia Medzihradsky, AB' 89, is pursuing her mas­ter's degree in geography at the University of Mon­tana, where she is concentrating on wetland conserva­tion. Marina Mishnayevskaya, AB'89, and PhillipMillman, AB'88, were married in September withBeth Green, AB'89, in attendance. Phillip is a man­ager of a financial advisory company and Marinaworks for Strook & Strook & Lavan, both in New YorkCity.90 Nick DiCrescenzo '90, see 1989, MaryGutting. The law firm of McDermott , Will &Emery has hired five 1990 graduates of the law schoolto work in its Chicago office. They are: JenniferCoyne, JD'90; Marianne Wilson Culver, JD'90;Christopher Murphy, JD'90; Steven Norgaard,10'90; and Nancy A. Rodkin Rotering, 10'90.DEATHSFACULTYJerome G. Finder, professor emeritus in the de­partment of orthopaedics at U of C Hospitals, died Ju­ly 10 at the age of 84. He was on the staff at MichaelReese Hospital for 34 years and was chairman of itsorthopaedic department from 1958 to 1969. Survivorsinclude two sons, a daughter, and five grandchildren.Nathan Sugarman, SB'37, PhD'41, professoremeritus in the chemistry department, died Septem­ber 6 in Hyde Park. In the 1940s, as section chief of themetallurgic laboratory, he worked with Enrico Fermion the Manhattan Project. Sugarman became a fullprofessor at the University in 1952. Widely praised forhis clear and interesting teaching, he won the Quan­trell Award for excellence in undergraduate teachingin 1966. Survivors include his wife, Goldie; hisdaughter, Tanya Sugarman MacAloon, AB'71,AM'72; two sisters; and three grandchildren.19205Roger Daniel Winger, AM'20, died February 20.He was a pastor in Omaha, NE, for many years. Afterhis retirement in 1960, he pursued his interest in gene­alogy. His wife, Inez, died May 25. Survivors includea daughter, a son, and two granddaughters.Lucile Goldstine Rosenheim, PhB'23, died Au­gust 12. A former ballet, tap, and ballroom danceteacher, Rosenheim was also the author of three novelsfor teenagers and taught creative writing to studentsfrom disadvantaged backgrounds. Survivors include adaughter, a son, and two sisters. Also surviving is aniece, Elizabeth Rosenheim Hepner, AB'44, anda nephew, Edward Rosenheim, AB'39, .AM'46,PhD'53, the David and Clara Stern Professor Emeri­tus in the English Department.Harry L. Trugman, PhB'23, died January 1. Fornearly 50 years, Trugman headed his own accountingfirm in Chicago. Survivors include his two daughters,Ruth Trugman Kaplan, AM'59, and MarjorieTrugman van der Veen, AB'58; and two grandsons,Douglas Kaplan, AB'84, and Matthew van der Veen, SM'89.John Stalnaker, SB'25, AM'28, died August 19 atthe age of 87. He was a psychologist, educator, and for­mer president of the corporation that selects NationalMerit Scholars. Throughout his career, he was a teach­er and administrator at various universities, includingthe U ofC, Princeton, and Stanford. Survivors includehis wife, Edna, and three children.Charles M. Mann, SB'27, died September 15 inHot Springs, AR. He had been a general practi­tioner in Chicago for 50 years. He was a member ofthe Chicago Medical Society and the AmericanMedical Association. Survivors include his wife,Marjorie Kneen Mann, AB'37; two sons; and twograndchildren.Harriet Barclay, PhD '28, died May 25 of cancer.She was a professor of botany at the University of Tul­sa for 43 years. In the late 1950s Barclay did field workin the Andes under an NSF grant. She was also a re­spected photographer and environmental activist.Alex Brodsky, PhB '28, died August 23. A retiredvice president of Allied Radio Corporation, hehad worked for Allied his entire career. Survivorsinclude his wife, Beatrice, and two daughters.Neal D. Cannon, X'28, died on March 18 inNacogdoches, TX. He was a Methodist minister forover 50 years. Survivors include his son, Neal.Joseph Pinkert, PhB '29, died August 20 of cancer.He was a leader in the scrap metal industry in Chicago,serving as chairman of the board of Scrap Corporationfrom 1977 to 1981. He was also a member of severalcorporate boards, including Chicago City Bank andTrust. Survivors include his wife, Rebecca; twodaughters; and three sons. Also surviving are six sis­ters, including Sylvia Pinkert HenikofT, AB'39,Mae Pinkert Fields, PhB'34, MAT' 57, and NaomaPinkert Tanenberg, AB'40; and four brothers, in­cluding Norman Pinkert, SB'49.19305David Xavier Klein, SB'30, died July 18 at the ageof 81. He worked for Dupont as a research chemist andUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 45did research for the Manhattan Project. At the time ofhis retirement, he was president of the Heyden divi­sion of Tenneco Corporation. Survivors include hiswife, Sophia; two sons; and a daughter.William Crawford Whaley, AM'30, died July 30at the age of 88. He was director of adult work at High­land Park Methodist Church in Dallas, TX, from 1953to 1968 and remained there after retirement as librari­an and associate adult director. Survivors include hiswife, Frances; a son; a daughter; nine grandchildren;and 11 great-grandchildren.Fred Adams, PhB'32, MBA'51, died May 10. Sur­vivors include his wife, Alice Baenziger Adams,PhB'33.BruceB. Vance, PhD'33, died June 24, 1989. Untilhis retirement in 1966, he was supervisor of mathe­matics and science in the Louisville, KY, publicschool system. Survivors include his son, StuartMorgan Vance, PhD'74.Carl O. Colditz, PhD'34, died April 13. Survivorsinclude his wife, Helen S. Grimes Colditz, PhB'33.Alvin Zimmerman, AB'35, JD'36, died Novem­ber 26, 1989. Survivors include his wife, NaomaZimmerman, AB'35, AM'40; his sister, MindaZimmerman Mills, PhB '28; and his niece, DeborahMills Warner, AB' 62.Ervin K. Zingler, X'37, died November 27, 1989.He was professor emeritus at the University of Hous­ton. Survivors include his wife, Gilberta.HaroldM. Scholberg, PhD'38, died July 4. Survi­vors include his wife, Yarmila Muller Scholberg,SB'33.HaroldJ. Kerber, AM' 39, AM' 51, died June 21 atthe age of 79. Survivors include his wife, HildaSchumm Kerber, AB'35, AM'56.R. T. Sanderson, PhD'39, was a professor ofchemistry at Arizona State University for 15 years. Hewrote five chemistry textbooks and in his researchoriginated the "principle of electronegativity equal­ization." Survivors include his wife, Jean, and threechildren.•19405George E. Hale, JD'40, died June 22. He was a re­tired partner of a Chicago law firm. Survivors includehis wife, Rosemary; three daughters; two sisters; andsix grandchildren.Charlotte A. Rexstrew Stead, AB'40, died June30 in Chicago. She was homecoming queen at the U ofC in 1939 and later appeared in television commer­cials. In the 1950s she founded Illinois Hardware Cor­poration before retiring to care for her family. Survi­vors include her husband, William; a daughter; anda granddaughter.John Philip Reilly, PhB'45, died April 14. He wasa Roman Catholic priest in Aurora, IL. Fluent in Span­ish, he spent six years as a missionary in Peru andserved as a member ofthe Diocesan Justice and PeaceCommission and chairman of its sub-committee onCentral America. He also founded Hesed House, aservice center for the poor and homeless. Survivorsinclude a brother and two sisters.Cora Glasner Inskeep, SB' 46, died August 9. Shewas an active volunteer in Tempe, AZ, working withsuch groups as the American Cancer Society, theLeague of Women Voters, and Planned Parenthood.Survivors include her husband, Gordon; a daughter;and a son.Frederick E. Brooks, PhD' 48, died June 29 at theage of91. He was a lifelong educator, teaching in pub- 'lie high schools and later at various universities. Sur­vivors include his wife, Minnie; four sons; two step­children; and 15 grandchildren.James W. Carty, Jr., DB'48, died April 14. Survi­vors include his wife, Marjorie Tufts Carty,PhB'44.H. Elizabeth Clifford Terry, PhB' 48, died July 2546 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE!DECEMBER 1990at age 62. She was the owner and publisher of theGeneseo Republic, Cambridge Chronicle, and TheShopper, all published in Geneseo, IL. Terry was alsoa member of the Hammond-Henry hospital board for10 years, a founder of a local singing group, and amember of the Cambridge Chamber of Commerce.She is survived by two children and two grandsons.1950sGeorge Kaufmann, AB'50, JD'54, died Septem­ber 1 of multiple myeloma. He was a noted union laborand appellate lawyer, serving as senior legal adviser tothe AFL-CIO since 1975. He was also a partner at theWashington, DC, law firm of Dickstein, Shapiro &Morin. A chapter by Kaufmann was included in the1967 book, Hugo Black and the Supreme Court. Sur­vivors include his wife, Gale; a daughter; and a son.David Lindsey, PhD'50, died August 26, 1989.Survivors include his wife, Suzanne.James R. Eiszner, PhD'52, died September 11 atthe age of 63. He was the chief executive of ere Inter­national, one of the country's largest food companies.He was a member of the Committee for Economic De­velopment and the Advisory Council of the Interna­tional Executive Service Corps. Survivors include hiswife, Joyce; two sons; and five grandchildren.19605Irving M. Rosenbaum, MBA' 60, died June 27,1989. Survivors include his wife, Gloria, and his son,Mark Rosenbaum, JD'76.Ethel Epstein, AM'64, died September 9. A resi­dent of Skokie, IL, she taught in that city's publicschools for 45 years. She was also treasurer of PhiLambda Theta, an honorary organization of educa- tors. Survivors include her sister, Laura Epstein,SB'34, AM'36, professor emeritus at the School ofSocial Administration, and her brother, Robert.1970sSheila Tarr, AM'78, died of a brain tumor on July6. She produced programming for public-access tele­vision, including documentaries on the Chicago Trib­une writers' strike and on Palestinian workers in theMiddle East. Survivors include her parents and twobrothers.Notice of Death Received:D. Grant Clark, SB'22, MD'24, February.Louise McKinney Freeman, X'25, June.Ralph G. Archibald, PhD'27, April.William A. Gifford, X'27, August.Coyle E. Moore, PhD'28, February.Guy F. Hershberger, X'30, December 1989.Dorothy Heyworth, PhD'32, August.Abraham Primack, SB'32, SM'34, June.Harold Tascher, X'33, 1988.lL. Zwingle, X'33, April.Helen Hackel McKibben, SB'36, February.John R. Marron, MD'37.David G. Poston, AM'37, PhD.'46, February.Ellen Frances Palmer Clough, SB'38, February.Charles H. Moody, AM'39, December 1989.Martha M. Riddle, X'39, July 1989.Robert Nash, AM'42, October 1989.John O. Cales, CLA'55, December 1989.John V. Konecny, AM'60, May.Willardl Hess, AM'62, December 1989.Mary F. Blackburn, AM'68, June.Francisco Pardo de Zela, AM'77.BOOKS by AlumniARTS a LETTERSAnn C. Colley, PhD'83, The SearchJor Synthesisin Literature and Art: The Paradox oJSpace (U niversi­ty of Georgia Press). The author looks at the use ofmetaphor in a range ofliterary and artistic works to ex­amine the relation between verbal and visual imagesand the search for personal fusion in friendship andlove.Philip Furia, AM'66, The Poets oj Tin Pan Alley(Oxford University Press). The author examines howthe lyrics of such influential and prolific songwritersas Irving Berlin and Cole Porter were as important astheir music in shaping an age of American popularsong.Fred L. Gardaphe, AM'82, contributing editor,From the Margin: Writings in Italian Americana (Pur­due University Press). A collection of fiction, poetry,and critical essays by Italian-American writers.Marshall Bruce Gentry, AM'76, Conversationswith Raymond Carver (University Press of Mississip­pi). This book contains the collected interviews ofCarver, an American writer and poet who died in1988.Ethan T. Haimo, AB'n, Schoenberg s SerialOdyssey: The Evolution oj his Twelve-tone Method,1914-1928 (Oxford University Press). Through astudy of Schoenberg's compositions and manuscripts,the author explores the origins of the twelve-tone sys­tem. Haimo attempts to demonstrate how theAustrian-born composer, through self-criticism,gradually created a system of sophisticated composi­tional relationships.Michael Hillmann, AM'69, PhD'74, Iranian Cul­ture: A Persianist View (University Press of Ameri- ca). This book looks at leading Persian authors andclassicliterary works to discern enduring cultural fea­tures and values.BIOGRAPHYJ. Edward Day, AB'35, An Unlikely Sailor(McClain Printing Company). The author relates hisexperiences as a Naval officer in World War II.Robert A. Hall, Jr., AM'35, A LifeJor Language:A Biographical Memoir oj Leonard Bloomfield (JohnBenjamins B. V., Amsterdam). This is a biography ofLeonard Bloomfield, PhD'09, U of C professor ofGermanic philology from lQ27 to 1940.Judith Yaross Lee, AM'74, PhD'86, GarrisonKeillor: A Voice oj America (University Press ofMississippi) .Thomas A. Mikolyzk, AM'86, Langston Hughes:A Bio-Bibliography (Greenwood Press). This annota­ted collection of material on Hughes's life and workalso contains a chronology and brief biography.Wayne Fields, AM'65, PhD'n, What the RiverKnows: An Angler in Midstream (Poseidon Press).This autobiographical work contains the author'smeditations upon reaching middle age.BUSINESS a ECONOMICSPaul C. Rosenblatt, AB'58, Farming is in OurBlood: Farm Families in Economic Crisis (Iowa StateUniversity Press). The economic difficulties of Mid­western farm families are set in a cultural context andthe effects of those difficulties are examined.Robert J. S. Ross, AM'66, PhD'75, and KentTrachte, Global Capitalism: The New Leviathan(State University of New York Press). Using threecase studies, the authors argue that the recessions ofthe 1970s and early 1980s created a new and enduringtype of capitalism throughout the world.CRITICISMJohn N. King, AM'66, PhD'73, Spenser's Poetryand the Reformation Tradition (Princeton UniversityPress).Naomi Lindstrom, AB'71, Jorge Luis Borges: AStudy of the Short Fiction (Twayne Publishers). Thisbook contains critical studies and analyses of Borges'smajor short texts, as well as bibliographies of editionsof his stories.Bob Solotaroff, AM'62, PhD'69, Bernard Mala­mud: A Study of the Short Fiction (TwaynePublishers).EDUCATIONSandra Acker, AM'68, PhD'78, editor, Teachers,Gender and Careers (Falmer Press). This collectionof essays from England, the United States, and NewZealand centers around the role of gender in its discus­sion of teachers' lives and careers.FICTION a POETRYDonaldL. Berry, DB'50, Traveler's Advisory (TheEdwin Mellen Poetry Series).Robert Flanagan, AM'67, Loving Power (BottomDog Press, Huron, Ohio). A novella and six shortstories.Carlos de Francisco Zea, SB'59, AM'61, Librosde Poesia (Los Libros de la Frontera, Barcelona). Acollection of three books of poetry written between1957 and 1987. The third book, Offrenda, is a sonnetsequence, a form rarely attempted in Spanish poetrysince the 17th century.Fred Gardaphe, AM'82, editor, New ChicagoStories (City Stoop Press). A multi-cultural collectionof short fiction by Chicago writers.James L. Weil, AB'50, lOur Poems (WarwickPress). This is a collection of original poetry by Wei!.HISTORY ICURRENT EVENTSSam Joseph Dennis, AM'n, An African­American Exodus and White Migration, 1950-1970:A Comparative Analysis of Population Movementsand Their Relations to Labor and Race (Garland Pub­lishing). With a focus on sociological theory, the au­thor develops the concept of "exodus" in an attempt toexplain the migration of whites and blacks from Mis­sissippi to Chicago.HannsGross, PhD'66, Rome in the Age of En light­enment: The Post- Tridentine Syndrome and the An­cien Regime (Cambridge University Press). Thisbook is an account of Rome between 1690 and 1796,focusing on the material and social foundations ofthe city.Neil G. Kotler, PhD'74, Sharing Innovation:Global Perspectives on Food, Agriculture and RuralDevelopment (Smithsonian Institution Press). Thisvolume investigates agricultural strategies and foodand nutrition policies in developing nations as well astechnological innovations in agriculture.Marjorie H. Li, AM'68, Peter Li, PhD'72, andSteven Mark, editors, Culture and Politics in China:An Anatomy of Tiananmen Square (Transaction Pub­lishers). This volume of documents and essays ex­plores the events and trends that led to the student dem­onstrations in China.Loren Schweninger, PhD'72, Black PropertyOwners in the South, 1790-1915 (University of IllinoisPress). Using federal and local records, newspapers,manuscript collections, and other sources, the author Golden Age lyricists (see '�rls and Letters")examines the significance of property acquisition forSouthern blacks during the 19th century.Dorothy Jane Solinger, AB'67, From Lathes toLooms: Chinese Industrial Policy in ComparativePerspective (Stanford University Press).Douglas E. Streusand, AM'78, PhD'87, The For­mation of the Mughal Empire (Oxford UniversityPress). The author analyzes the expansion of this Indi­an empire, the political and administrative initiativesof emperor Akbar, and political ideas and rituals.MEDICINE a HEALTHMartha (Roth) Vanceburg, AB'58, A New Life:Daily Readingsfor a Happy, Healthy Pregnancy (Ban­tam Books). Through daily quotations and advice, theauthor offers a guide to making pregnancy a positiveand spiritual experience.POLITICAL SCIENCE a LAWSamuel Farber, AB' 61, Before Stalinism: TheRise and Fall of Soviet Democracy (Verso/Routledge).Carol Gould, AB'66, Rethinking Democracy:Freedom and Social Cooperation in Politics, Econo­my, and Society (Cambridge University Press). Gouldargues that democratic decision-making should applyto economics and society as well as politics.Judith N. Levi, AM'72, PhD'75, and Anne Graf­fam Walker, Language and the Judicial Process(Plenum Publishing Corp.) This book presents a sam­ple of contemporary social science scholarship on theinteraction oflanguage use with U.S. legal processes.RELIGION a PHILOSOPHYKurt Leidecker, PhD'27, The Record Book of theSt. Louis Philosophical Society Founded February1866 (Edwin Mellen Press). This book documents thedevelopment of academic philosophy in the UnitedStates, focusing on the work of William Torrey Harris,the secretary ofthe St. Louis Society.Gerald McCulloh, AM'68, PhD'73, Christ's Per­son and Life- Work in the Theology of Albrecht Ritschl (University Press of America). This study examinesAlbrecht Ritschl's presentation of the person and workof Christ as prophet, priest, and king.George Kimball Plochmann, PhD'50, RichardMcKeon: A Study (University of Chicago Press).Ploch mann includes his own reminiscences of Me­Keon, the late U of C philosophy professor, and thensurveys and analyzes McKeon's writings.Donna Schaper, MDiv '71, Common Sense: AboutMen and �men in the Ministry (Alban Institute).SCIENCE a TECHNOLOGYGalen Wood Ewing, PhD'39, editor, AnalyticalInstrumentation Handbook (Marcel Decker, Inc.).This science reference book describes different typesof analytical instruments and modern laboratorytechniques.R. B. Marcus, SB'56, SM'58, Measurement ofHigh-Speed Signals in Solid State Devices (AcademicPress). This textbook discusses current research intocontactless methods for measurement of very high fre­quency electrical pulses in electronic devices.William Sheehan, AM'78, Planets and Percep­tion: Telescopic Views and Interpretations,1609-1909 (University of Arizona Press). Sheehan, apsychiatrist and amateur astronomer, reconsiders thehistory of planetary astronomy from the perspective ofperceptual psychology.SOCIAL SCIENCESCarol Gould, AB'66, editor, The Information J#>b:Ethical and Social Implications of ComputerNetworking (Westview Press).Mark D. Jacobs, AM'n, PhD'87, Screwing theSystem and Making it Work: Juvenile Justice in the No­Fault Society (University of Chicago Press). Usingethnographic, statistical, and literary methods, the au­thor examines a "model" juvenile court, exploring thelevels of disorganization in American juvenile justice.David E. Leary, PhD'n, editor, Metaphors in theHistory of Psychology (Cambridge University Press).This collection of essays analyzes the ways in whichpsychological accounts of brain functioning, con­sciousness, cognition, motivation, learning, and be­havior have been shaped by central psychologicalmetaphors.Charles E. Lindblom, PhD'45, Inquiry andChange: The Troubled Attempt to Understand andShape Society (Yale University Press). The author ex­amines the ways in which citizens of a democratic so­ciety fight social problems, and argues that ignorance,peer pressure, illiteracy, and media propaganda inhib­it problem-solving skills.Ruth Morrison, X'53, and Dawn DridanRadtke, AM'66, AM'68, From Worry to Wellness:How 21 People Changed Their Lives (Twenty-thirdPublications). The authors draw on their careers aspsychotherapists and the experiences of people theyhave counselled to present advice on making one's life"meaningful and joyous."WOMEN'S STUDIESSusan J, Kupper, AB'71, Surnamesfor Women: ADecision-Making Guide (McFarland & Company).This book studies women's feelings and decisionsabout their surnames by looking at various women'schoices. The reactions of husbands and families, aswell as the issue of children's surnames, arediscussed.For inclusion in "Books by Alumni," pleasesend the name of the book, its author, its pub­lisher, and a short synopsis to the Books Editor,University of Chicago Magazine, 5757 WoodlawnAve., Chicago, IL 60637.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 47irstPrecisionplay WHEN THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICA­go opened its doors on October1, 1892, the head professor inPhysics wasn't on hand. In­stead, Albert Abraham Michelson had beengranted a preliminary leave of absence. Hespent the 1892-93 academic year measuringlight.Working at the Bureau International desPoids et Mesures at Sevres, France, he usedan interferometer, an optical precision instru­ment of his own design, to determine thestandard meter in terms of the wavelength ofThe first American to win aNobel Prize in physics likedto play billiards, tennis,bridge, chess-even in thelaboratory .48 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/DECEMBER 1990 light-creating an absolute, precisely repro­ducible standard oflength. That achievementwas among many cited when Michelson wasawarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1907"for his optical precision instruments and forthe spectroscopic investigations made withthem."His genius at experimental physics surfacedas a young instructor in chemistry and physicsat the U. S. Naval Academy. In 1878, he waspreparing to demonstrate Foucault's methodof measuring the velocity of light when amodification "suggested itself." The result:a measurement more accurate than had yetbeen achieved.Flushed with success, Michelson tried aneven more difficult measurement, hoping todetermine the relative motion of the earth andether. According to 19th-century theoreticalphysicists, ether was a material on which lightmoved in waves. His first experiments, per­formed in 1880-81, gave no evidence of theether "drift" such a theory required.Michelson blamed his "failure" on the im­precision of his interferometer. In 1886-87,with Edward W. Morley in Cleveland, hedevised a vastly more sensitive experiment.Again, no drift. The Michelson-Morley re­sults created a controversy in theoreticalphysics-and eventually spawned Einstein'sspecial theory of relativity.Light wasn't the only constant in Michel­son's work. As one colleague wrote, "Heliked to play and he did play in the laboratory. "He also liked to win. In 1911, as retiring presi­dent of the American Association for the Ad­vancement of Science, Michelson talked rue­fully about the difficulties he'd had in buildingone of his instruments, a ruling engine for adiffraction grating.Such a machine, he noted, had the personal­ity "of an alert and skilful player in an intri­cate but fascinating game-who will take im­mediate advantage of the mistakes of hisopponent, who 'springs' the most disconcert­ing surprises, who never leaves any result tochance-but who nevertheless plays fair-instrict accordance with the rules of the game.These rules he knows and makes no allowanceif you do not. When you learn them and playaccordingly, the game progresses as itshould."Michelson's obsession with the precisemeasurement of light and its movementsmeant that even when his young daughtersasked questions like" why is the sky blue, " hewould launch into a detailed explanation. Inthe midst of one fatherly lecture, the attentionof his eight-year-old daughter began to wan­der, For a moment, Michelson flashed profes­sorial annoyance, but quickly calmed downand consoled her. "It doesn't matter if you un­derstand how light travels," he said, "as longas you realize the wonder of it."THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOOFFICE OF CONTINUING EDUCATION1991PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL STUDY OPPORTUNITIESTHE COMPLEAT GARGOYLEHave you met the Gargoyle? As a graduate of the University of Chicago you will undoubtedly recall thegargoyles which look down on the university campus from roof edges and building comers, but have youmet The Compleat Gargoyle?When you look through your copy of The Compleat Gargoyle, the University of Chicago's quarterlycatalog of non-credit programs, you'll find a depth and scope of intellectual excitement that is trulydistinctive. Our courses provide university-level learning opportunities for post-collegiate adults. Instruc­tors teach in their areas of scholarly or professional expertise, sharing wi th adult students the insights theyhave developed during years of research and writing in their chosen fields. The courses also offer thechance to exchange ideas with other adults whose minds and spirits are refreshingly vital.Among this winter's offerings:Academic and Professional Writing. The Javanese Camelon- Anglo-American Gothic Fiction s Improvi­sational Theater • The Music of Debussy and Ravel. Film Study with Roger Ebert • Elie Wiesel: Witness,Chronicle, Storyteller • The Pyramids of Ancient Egypt • Business and Professional Speaking • Conceptsand Controversies in the Philosophy of Mind • Drawing Workshop • Two Shakespearean Tragedies •Waiting for the End-Religious and Secular Views of the Apocalypse. Hypnosis • Toward a Social Historyof Germany • The World We Leave: Future Generations, Resources and Obligations • Figure Drawing •Designing Socially Sensitive Questionnaires. Introduction to Musical Composition. The Prophecy andthe Politics of Reinhold Niebuhr • Selected Writings of Guy de Maupassant • Issues in Psychology:Exploring the Unanswered Questions. The Ancient Mediterranean World » and much, much more.Why not join us this winter quarter? To receive your complimentary copy of The Compleat Gargoyle,call 312/702-1722.DC TO HOST MEXICAN PRESIDENT CARLOS SALINAS DE GOTARI AT INTERNATIONALSEMINAR ON TRADE RELATIONS WITH MEXICO, APRIL 10 &, II, 1991The Office of Continuing Education and the Latin American Studies Center are sponsoring an intensivetwo-day seminar on the status of a free trade accord between Mexico and the United States and theresulting business opportunities for both U.S. and Mexican firms, April 10 & II, 1991. The program willtake place at the Forum and Inter-Continental Hotels in downtown Chicago.Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gotari has accepted the University's invitation to open the programand give its keynote address. In addition, cabinet members Pedro Aspe, Secretary of Finance and JaimeSerra Puche, Secretary of Commerce have indicated their willingness to discuss the progress of Mexico'seconomic recovery program.Co-sponsoring the event with the University are the Mexican Consulate in Chicago and the Illinois WorldTrade Center. The latter organization will provide a matching service for u.S. and Mexican registrantswho are looking for joint venture partners.For further information about this unique program, please call 312/702-1724, weekdays between 9 and5 p.m. or write to: The U.S. and Mexico: Threshold of a Trade Revolution, The University of ChicagoOffice of Continuing Education, 5835 Kimbark Ave., Chicago, IL 60637.5835 Kimbark Ave., Room 207, Chicago, IL 60637. Telephone: 312/702-0539 Telefax: 312/702-6814Now that we've (1)t your attention, insteadof telling you why you should buy the"Business Man's Library" - ad�ertised inthe University of C hicago Magazine some80 years ago - we'd like to make a pitch foranother set of "six beautiful volumes,"crammed full not of "ways of makingmoney," but of something we think is justas important: information about theUniversity and its people - its teachers,researchers, students, alumni, and friends.Your voluntary contribution of $15 - lessthan five cents a day - would greatly helpdefray the costs of producing and mailingthe University of Chicago Magazine.Please remember, the Magazine will stillcome to you - 48 pages an issue, six issuesa year - even if you don't choose to con­tribute. 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