2ThfcUniversity ofMagazin^Spring 1990isffiictinDavid Bevingtonexplains why the Bard ofStratford-upon-Avonisn't what he used to be.[He's still great.)m^% \ -afifcEditorMary Ruth YoeStaff WriterTim ObermillerDesignerTom GreensfelderClass News EditorLiselVirkler,'90SecretaryJulie Schmid, '90Editorial office: The University of ChicagoMagazine, Robie House, 5757 SouthWoodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.Telephone (312) 753-2323. The Magazineis sent to all University of Chicagoalumni.The University of Chicago Office ofAlumni RelationsRobie House5757 South Woodlawn AvenueChicago, IL 60637Telephone: (312) 753-2175President, The University of ChicagoAltimni AssociationEdward L. Anderson, PhB'46, SM'49Executive Director of theAlumni AssociationJeanne Buiter, MBA' 86Director, Alumni Schools CommitteeJ. Robert Ball, X'70The University of ChicagoAlumni Executive CouncilEdward L. Anderson, PhB'46, SM'49Bette Leash Birnbaum, AB'79, MST'80David Birnbaum, AB'79MarkBrickell,AB'74John Gaubatz, JD'67Barbra Goering, AB'74, JD'77Mary Lou Gorno, MBA'76William B. Graham, SB'32, JD'36William H. Hammett, AM'71Kenneth C. Levin, AB'68, MBA'74John D. Lyon, AB'55William C. Naumann, MBA'75Linda Thoren Neal, AB'64, JD'67Jerry G.Seidel,MD'54JudyUllmannSiggins, AB'66, AM'68, PhD'76Stephanie Abeshouse Wallis, AB'67Susan Loth Wolkerstorfer, AB'72The University of Chicago Magazine(ISSN-0041-9508) is published quarterly(fall, winter, spring, summer) by theUniversity of Chicago in cooperationwith the Alumni Association, RobieHouse, 5757 South Woodlawn Avenue,Chicago, IL 60637. Publishedcontinuously since 1907. Second-classpostage paid at Chicago, IL.POSTMASTER: Send address changesto The University of Chicago Magazine,Alumni Records, Robie House, 5757South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL60637. Copyright © 1990 by theUniversity of Chicago.Typesetting by Skripps & Associates,Chicago. The University ofCHICAGOMagazine /Spring 1990Volume 82, Number 3Page 26Page 34Page 56Cover art by Allen Carroll. Opposite: Thewelcoming mural of Angel Angel AllNations Spiritual Church at 600 W. Garfield Boulevard was painted by ReginaldYoung, a deacon of the church. The building, says Richard Chrisman, AM'69,PhD'80, of the Divinity School, recentlybecame the home of the Christian UnionCommunity Church— one of many storefront churches he is working to document(see page 34). Detail from a photographby Patricia Evans. IN THIS ISSUEReconstructing ShakespeareChanging fashions in literary criticism—from deconstruction to new historicism—have changed the way the Bard gets read.By David BevingtonPage 21Harvest from the PastBefore the Incas, another great civilizationruled the Andes. How did the Tiwanakuempire achieve, and lose, its power?Anthropologist Alan Kolata has a theory.By Tim ObermillerPage 26Street-corner FaithOn the south side of Chicago, storefrontchurches offer their communities a street-level liturgy of power and joy. Here's alook inside.By Mary Ruth YoePage 34DEPARTMENTSEditor's Notes 2Letters 2Course Work 8Investigations 10Chicago Journal 14Alumni Chronicle 40Class News 41Deaths 50Books 54First Things Last 56EDITOR'S NOTESU. OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE5757 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE.CHICAGO, IL 60637SSSSiiH***Checking it out: An unenveloped check can make it through the U. S. mails.Enveloped by Friends: That's how TheUniversity of Chicago Magazine feels. Overthe past six months, some 6,300 readershave sent in contributions totallingmore than $105,000. Thank you!Despite our tongue-in-cheek message on the back cover of the WINTER/90 issue, all but one of those contributions arrived in envelopes. One reader—Wesley Liebeler, JD'57, of Malibu,California— did take William RaineyHarper's dictum re the unnecessary useof envelopes to heart, affixing a stampto the back of his check and sending it on its unprotected way.Liebeler's experiment wasn't entirely successful, however. His check madeit to our off ice— repackaged by the postal service.Along with their checks, readerssent in updates on their own lives,words of praise, and a wealth of adviceon how The Magazine can do a better jobof reporting on the University and itsalumni. Our "Class News" files, andour suggestion box, are overflowing:we know you're out there, and we'reglad.-M.R.YLETTERSSex and the single referenceI learned on the first page of "The Pursuit of Happiness" (WINTER/90) thathappiness as "flow" is defined byCsikszentmihalyi as "an activity. . .sosatisfying, that you do it for the sheerpleasure of it... without any extrinsicrewards." I, of course, immediatelythought of sex. But gosh golly gee whiz,I had to read through the entire article-learning on the way about the "flow" ofrock climbers, chess players, composers, dancers, basketball players, longdistance runners, surgeons, and artists—before I found on the last page even anoffhand reference to sex.This quintessential "flow" activitycertainly seemed slighted here. On the other hand, perhaps Csikszentmihalyihad trouble finding volunteers; afterall, / for one would not like to be an Experience Sampling Method subject andbe beeped during an orgasm!Durrett Wagner, X'59Evanston, IllinoisGetting satisfactionI found the article about "flow" as studied by psychologist Csikszentmihalyi both thought-provoking anddisturbing. My comments are basedonly on this article and I hope are notmade inappropriate by my limitedunderstanding.There are indeed, I believe, many activities which require or invite suchconcentration and present such a challenge in their correct performance thatthey provide "flow" capable of improving the participant's state of mind. All ofus can find temporary escape from spiritual or physical pain in such activity,and even experience a diminution ofthe pain as again it intrudes upon ourawareness. I cannot help wonderwhether "losing oneself in one's work"may provide motivation for such activity more commonly than the actual pleasure to be derived from it. In otherwords, escape from unhappiness is notexactly the same as happiness. My impression from the article is that the roleof actual pleasure in doing may beoveremphasized.What I find disturbing is the seeming absence of altruism as a source ofhappiness. The idea of "flow" seemsakin to "If it feels good, do it," exaggerating the joy of doing and overlooking the satisfaction of having done. I suggest that happiness depends on goodself-image and a good attitude, andthese can more reliably be developedfrom the satisfaction of having donesomething for others.There may be artists quite content toburn each masterpiece before anyoneelse can see it, and doctors fully gratified by the slickness with which theyare able to cut out gallbladder after gallbladder. My guess, however, is thatmost artists lighten the studio tediumnot only by the joy of creating, but alsoby the hope and belief that others willview their work with admiration andpleasure, and that collecting gall bladders would drive most surgeons madwith boredom, if it were not for their realization and confidence that manyothers will live better lives because ofthe surgical efforts.Without denying the benefits of"flow," I would suggest that the individuals of any society can find greaterhappiness helping one another than ifconsumed with self-interest.R.T. Sanderson, PhD'39Fort Collins, ColoradoKeep reading, stop watchingI very much enjoyed the article onCsikszentmihalyi's ideas about "flow,"as it gave me words for experiences Ididn't know how to describe and a con-2 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990text to fit those experiences into.Thus, I can say I was flowing allthose years I spent in seminars and buried in the stacks, oblivious to everything except "forgotten classics" andhappy as a clam. The only extrinsic reward I've gotten out of it was my Ph.D.,and I would almost say that my U of Ceducation positively unfitted me formaking a living (I once heard WayneBooth give a very amusing lecture onthat very subject), but gosh was I happy, and the habits of the mind I acquiredthere have allowed me to do quite a lotof flowing ever since.I cannot, therefore, understandhow Csikszentmihalyi's disciple,Robert Kubey, arrived at the conclusionquoted in the blue box on page 32: "Wetake children . . . and spend hours teaching them how to read poetry and novels, when the vast majority will readvery little poetry and very few novelswhen they leave [school], especiallywith respect to the number of hoursthat they will spend watching television." I am quite certain that nobody,but nobody, who really knows how toread poetry and novels will ever wastemuch of their precious time watchingthe garbage on TV— and such people donot need a "formal education" in "thecritical analysis of mass media products," for they can do the analysis forthemselves.Judith Doolin Spikes, PhD'70Larchmont, New YorkSnow as urban plannerI found the "Snow Days" article in theWINTER/90 issue of special interest because I've been thinking a great dealabout the snow lately. In the years sinceI was a graduate student in sociology atChicago (where one of my professorswas Donald Levine of Kuviasungnerkfame), I've been doing research on whysome cities in the U.S. are more spreadout than others. Recently, I've discovered that climate— especially snowfall—has a major effect on urban form.Cities with large amounts of annualsnowfall are significantly more denseand spatially compact than like-sizedcities that have little snow. In fact, theaverage urban dweller in a snow-freecity lives about twice as far from thecity's center as the average resident of acity that gets 50 inches of snow a year. (My results are to be published thisspring in Environment and Behavior.)Every educated person I talk toabout city densities repeats the standard explanation about history and technology: "Chicago was a railroad city,Los Angeles is a city of the automobileage." While my research verifies thatcity age is a clear factor in determiningdensity patterns, climate has an independent and equally strong effect.If you ask a developer in Chicagowhy the houses are so close together,even out in the suburbs, you'll hear thatit's because of high land costs. It's truethat land costs are higher— because everybody places a higher value on living"close in" than they would if the WindyCity had a mild winter climate.Some of my colleagues in sociologyhave been making wry jokes about mysnow theory being "flaky." As your feature suggested, to appreciate the fullsignificance of the white stuff one musthave experienced Chicago's unique climate—natural and intellectual.Thomas M. Guterbock, AM'72,PhD'76Charlottesville, VirginiaMidway memoriesThe WINTER/90 issue of the U. of C.magazine, with its "Remember Winterat Chicago?" article, brings back manymemories. As a child growing up in thecity (we lived during World War I on77th Street, a few doors west of MyraBradwell School) and later in the suburb of Flossmoor, I remember thosewinters well— if not favorably.The winter of 1935-36, my first at U.of C. Graduate School, was especiallybrutal as, daily, I galoshed my waywestward along windswept 59th Streetfrom the I . C . suburban station platformto the Social Sciences ResearchBuilding.The picture at the top of page 38may have been take that winter since International House certainly wasn'tstanding there in the 1918 season featured in your article. I was a kazoo-playing member of the Myra BradwellKindergarten Band during the 1918-19"academic year" when, on two occasions, our band "entertained" convalescing wounded A.E.F. veterans whowere hospitalized in the hotel whichstood on that spot. The veterans and their attendant nurses hosted us withice cream Eskimo Pies, in consequenceof which I have been a lifelong contributor to veterans' causes.Ice skating on the Midway, betweenWoodlawn and Dorchester, was pleasant if brisk afternoon relaxation duringthe winters in the latter '30s. And onhot, muggy summer nights, we'd fleeour stifling rooms and sleep out alongthe Midway. I can't recall ever havingbeen concerned with our personalsecurity during those days.Herbert L. Wiltsee, AM'53Atlanta, GeorgiaMidwinter talesThe snow article ["Snow Days,"WINTER/90] evokes two memories.I arrived in September, 1931, a callow youth from Topeka, Kansas whereI'd been born and raised . The first thingI did, after unpacking my one smallsuitcase in my wonderful private roomat Burton-Judson, was to head for LakeMichigan. Upon reaching it, I gazed fora LONG time at such a vast expanseof water— the greatest I'd ever seen.Secondly, the winter of '31-'32 maynot have been a record setter, but itcertainly impressed me! I was on theswimming-water polo team and thewalk from the natatorium to Burton-Judson often brought tears to my eyes(due to cold and glare), and they'dpromptly freeze on my lashes.Fortunately, I won my 1935 numerals sweater and wore it daily all winter—NOT to "brag" but to SURVIVE!DwightM. Brookens, X'35, MBA'54Denver, ColoradoPartners in stressI enjoyed the article "Reconcilable Differences?" (WINTER/90) about stressesto relationships when one (or both)members of a couple are in graduateschool. There are some obvious andconcrete changes that should be madeto improve the situation for studentcouples. Two in particular I noted whilea student but didn't have time to try tochange then. Spouses from foreigncountries often end up with visaswhich don't allow them to work and theoffice which handles foreign student affairs is very hostile and difficult to dealwith. (For example, I have heard on several occasions that it has abused its roleto provide students with necessary documentation for visas.) Being unable towork not only means that the personnew to the country cannot support him/herself and thus often puts the couplein financially tight situations, but alsothis person cannot be integrated intothe community by getting a job.A second and crucially importantaspect was referred to in the article bymentioning that someone in a meetingasked about babysitters. It is absolutelydisgraceful that the University of Chicago does not have some sort of procedure for matching people who are interested in child care with those who canprovide it. New families to the area haveno idea who is reliable. It is not so difficult for an institution which has been inthe area for a long time to keep lists ofnames of people who want to take careof children and make them available topeople in the university who needthem. Places like Stanford have beendoing this for years. It is a huge sourceof stress for couples to search, whereasto collect this data and make it availablewould be extremely simple.Student spouses that I met copingwith one or both of these were extremely frustrated by these problems in addition to the ones in the article. The ones Iwas acquainted with were all women,and the institutionalized messageseemed to be: follow your husband, getout of the workplace (no visa), and getback into the home (no child care). Thisretrograde attitude is out of place at theUniversity of Chicago.My last suggestion is to give copiesof this article to all the graduate students so that they can become aware ofwhat ways the university has of helpingthem to cope with these difficulties.Even if they don't take advantage of theservices, having the pressures so wellarticulated may help couples deal moreeffectively with them.Joanne Cohn, SM'84, PhD'88Princeton, New JerseyAccording to Mary Cay Martin, director of theOffice of International Affairs, Chicago (unlike many of its peer schools) lets foreign students decide for themselves whether to applyfor either F-l (student) status, in whichspousal employment is prohibited, or f-l (exchange visitor) status. It isn't always a simplechoice. For example, while permitting spousal employment, f-l status may require that thestudent return to the home country for twoyears before changing to an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa status.Her office, says Martin, does its best to explain the options and restrictions. Spousalwork permissions are the province of the Immigration and 'Naturalization Service, and ahigh percentage of applications from the University are approved. Martin has supportedefforts to change the "privilege" of spousalemployment into a "right. "In the past few years, the University hasbegun to address the issue of child care: its"Handbook for Couples" and "Information forNewly Admitted Students" offer informationonbabysitting, daycare, schooling, and activities. "Information fairs" during Fall orientation sessions include such materials, and theOffice of Career and Placement Services maintains listings of babysitters.Acknowledging gaysMy thanks to Tim Obermiller and thenew editor for acknowledging gay relationships in the winter issue's "Reconcilable Differences." For a communityso long silenced, even small gesturesseem giant steps.David Frank, AB'85Stanford, CaliforniaRealistic expectationsI was moved by Dr. Kovacs appeal[WINTER/90 "Letters"] for accurate information concerning the quality of social life in The College. There are certainthings of which prospective studentsshould be aware. For instance, theyshould know that perhaps the happieststudents on campus are those for whomwork and play are functionally thesame thing. They should also know thateven among this hardy group there area fair number of students who experience frustration over the quality andquantity of social life in the College, aswell as the realities of student life inHyde Park (which is mostly a niceneighborhood, but is not open late andis not centered anywhere nearcampus).Lastly, no prospective studentshould come to Chicago expecting easyand regular access to the rest of the cityand its attractions (especially without acar since public transportation is geared toward rush hour and the rest ofthe city is far enough away that there isa significant time cost involved).I am not trying to imply that thereare no good reasons to attend the College. I am saying that because thereare good reasons to attend the College,it is in no one's best interest to create unrealistic expectations in prospectivestudents.John Perry, AB'89Chicago, IllinoisMedical problemsThe three letters [WINTER/90] in response to Ann Dudley Goldblatt's article "Warning Symptoms" [FALL/89]were interesting and deserve a comment. Philip L. Engel's letter placessome of the blame on Goldblatt's ownprofession, the law. Gerald C. Allen'sletter has nothing good to say aboutthe medical profession and he refersto physicians as "fee-for-servicegunslingers." Gerald A. Cohn's letterhits on one of the major causes of theproblems in the medical profession-how medical schools select students.Before WW II, an undergraduate'sgrade-point average was an importantfactor in the selection of medical students. Of equal importance were theletters of recommendation required bymedical schools. Since WWII, probablybecause of the large number of applicants to the professional schools, a student's grade point average became theprimary requirement for admission tomedical school. In fact, most medicalschools ask that letters of recommendation not be included with the application. Because we are a democracy inwhich monetary return is a motivatingfactor for many, there is no questionthat many have gone into medicine because it appeared to be a lucrative profession. If making a lot of money wasthe primary reason for becoming a doctor, one soon realizes, he or she made abig mistake.Allen states the profession hasfought "against the welfare of the average person— against Social Security,against Medicare, against HMO's, etc."The medical profession has alwaysbeen interested in the welfare of the average person. This may have been moreobvious before the days of the third-party payer, when we took care of all4 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990comers with or without financialmeans. Now things have changed. Thethird-party (insurance companies andour government) promise to pay for allour medical needs and because of thismost people take full advantage of thisfree commodity. Doctors, who are obligated to provide their patients with thebest possible medical care money canbuy, expect to be paid for their services.This frequently does not occur and unpleasantness develops. Before thethird-party payer days, a patient's inability to pay was accepted as part of theterritory. One only becomes angrywhen an expected payment is withheldby a responsible third party.The medical profession (The American Medical Association, if you like)did oppose Medicare and for a very simple reason: the politicians were underestimating the cost of total medical carefor the elderly. The recent attempt bythe politicians to correct this error withan added tax for so-called "Catastrophic Insurance" is a good example of howpolitical con artists work. We mayblame doctors for Medicare's financialproblems, but the public, the businessmen, the lawyers, and the news mediamust share the blame. Doctors are notthe only group in our society that benefits financially from the MedicareProgram.HMO's have, generally, been unsuccessful and again blaming the profession is not fair. After all, doctors staffthese facilities of their own free choice.One last comment on Allen's criticism of the medical profession. His estimate that 5 percent of doctors are "incompetents—drunk, drugged, senile,mentally ill and so on" may or may notbe an accurate estimate. For a profession that is responsible for life anddeath situations 24 hours a day, dayafter day, that does not seem like a veryhigh percentage.Problems in the medical professionare minor compared to the problems inother professions and our society ingeneral. One of these problems is "me-ism"— what is in it for me? During the"fuel crisis," Jimmy Carter instilled afeeling of cooperation and self-sacrificein our people but his own party wasmore interested in "me-ism" anddumped him. Maybe, we need someJimmy Carterism in our leaders today.Richard D. Simmon, MD'44Walla Walla, Washington THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATIONInvites you to join distinguished faculty and alumni friends ontravel/study programs scheduled for the coming monthsEurope's Middle Kingdoms:Vienna, Budapest, & MunichJuly 10-July 21With Pennsylvania State UniversityFaculty: Kenneth Northcott,Professor Emeritus, GermanicLanguage and Literature; the Committee on Comparative Studies inLiterature; and the Committee onGeneral Studies in the HumanitiesExploringthe Galapagos IslandsJuly 25-August 8University of Chicago exclusiveFaculty: David Jablonsky, Department of Geophysical Sciences andthe Committee on EvolutionaryBiology1990 Rossini Festival Tourof Pesaro & the Italian HillsAugust 3-17University of Chicago exclusiveFaculty: Philip Gossett, Dean ofthe Humanities and Professor in theDepartment of MusicVoyage to Scandinavia& the British IslesAugust 8-20With Yale University and theEnglish-Speaking UnionFaculty: David Bevington,Professor in the Humanities,English Language, and Literatureand the Committee on ComparativeStudies in LiteratureEast African Safari to KenyaSeptember 15-30University of Chicago exclusiveFaculty: Stuart Altmann, Professor of Ecology and Evolution, the Committee on Evolutionary Biology, andthe Committee on Human Nutrition and Nutritional BiologyThe Cities of Eastern Europe:Warsaw, Berlin, Potsdam,Leipzig, Prague, ViennaOctober 8-22Faculty: Robert Z. Aliber, Professorin the Graduate School of BusinessSplendors of Antiquity:Greece, Egypt, Jordan, theSuez Canal, & the Red SeaOctober 28-November 12Faculty: Rashid Khalidi, Department of Near East Languages andCivilizations and the Departmentof HistoryPlusNew England Bike Trip:Green and AdirondackMountain Regions of Vermont& Upstate New YorkSeptember 23-30With Field Museum ofNatural HistoryNaturalist: Scott Lanyon, Divisionof Birds and Associate Curator atthe Field Museum. Varied cyclingabilities welcome. Space is limited.For further information and brochuresor to be added to our travel/studymailing list, call or write toLaura Gruen, Associate Director,University of Chicago AlumniAssociation, 5757 Woodlawn Avenue,Chicago, IL, 312/753-2178.No physician is an islandThe assessment of modern medicalpractice and its "Warning Symptoms"by Ann Dudley Goldblatt was read withenthusiasm and approval. Nevertheless, we live in a society that has becomeincreasingly self-serving and masquerades with a philosophy of profit. Certainly consumerism, with its high expectations, has been a contributingelement to the change in medical practice and even scientific research is failing in its mission because of society'sdemands.For physicians to "take charge andjust say, 'No'" is a highly commendablebut difficult goal to achieve at this time.It would mean a refutation of government regulatory agencies, and the denial of their immutable prescriptions forhealth care. No longer is the physicianin a position to profess and maintain thestandards and goals of his profession,especially when the "third party" administers and finances the game plan.Harry G. Kroll, PhB'45, SB '47,MD'50Topeka, KansasHamiltonian economicsThose of us who knew Earl Hamilton[FALL/89] are saddened by news of hisdeath. He taught a course in monetaryand banking history of which he was aleading authority and which helpedprovide a background that better enables one to understand the contemporary world.You mention that his "research interests focused on issues of internationalfinance and on the career of John Law."That statement does not do full justice tohis original and in-depth work.Professor Hamilton undertooksome of the most arduous, tedious, andrewarding empirical research in the history of the economics profession. Hispublished works include a three-volume study in which he examined therelationship between prices, wages, inflation, and the supply of money (gold)in Spain over the period 1301 through1800. He immersed himself in the archives of Spain over a nine-year period,meticulously going through thousandsof documents and assembling the daterequired to complete this arduouswork. Not only did he examine an im portant period in the history of theWestern World; he established a standard of scholarship that should serve asan example for scholars both contemporary and in future generations.Joseph A. Hasson, MBA'47, AM'50,PhD'51Rockville, MarylandRemembering Martin-BaroI was surprised and hurt by the tinyobituary that you published of Dr. Igna-cio Martin-Baro. Readers not familiarwith Dr. Martin-Baro would not realizethat he was one of the six Jesuit priestswho were murdered in El Salvador.Many of us who were at Chicago inthe late 1970s remember Nacho vividlyas a lively, kind, and decent man. Aftergraduating, he chose to teach and research at great personal risk because hewanted to celebrate his life and exercisehis professional training for the benefitof others. His faith, commitment, andcourage should be remembered by hisschool and its magazine in a more appropriate manner.Michael H. Hoffheimer, AM'78,PhD'81University, MississippiIn addition to the obituary notice which appeared on page 53 of the WINTER/90 issue(the first in some years to carry alumni obituaries), an account of the Rockefeller Chapelmemorial service for Martin-Barb was givenon page 2 of the same issue.Investment policiesI absolutely refuse to contribute a centto the University of Chicago, my almamater, under any guise whatsoever.My reasons are based on the U. ofC.'s policy towards South African investments, and Mrs. Gray's specious arguments in support of that policy. Areasoned argument in disagreementwith my opinions would be supportable, but specious arguments are an insult to me personally and a disgrace tothe institution.One such argument is that divestment would be an unjustifiable obtrusion of personal morals into Universitypolicy. So, then, is investment in SouthAfrica equally a morality-based decision, and investment in apartheid and repression does not fit my moral standards. Mrs. Gray's "argument" could beused as a basis for investing in NaziGermany as well.I sincerely regret that this is thecase. If Mrs. Gray's other statements onthe issue are true, however, your investments in South Africa are so profitablethat you surely do not need my money.At any rate, I cannot consciously contribute to such policies myself.Michael B. Kaye, AB'80Chicago, IllinoisMail we finished readingThis is by way of applause for theWINTER/90 issue, and the outstandingbits on the teaching of Lorna Straus andthe researches of all four, in addition tothe feature articles. I also loved the coverage of Chicago under snow.Barbara Bader, AB'49Lakeville,ConnecticutWill Delta Upsilon stay coed?Iri 1970 the University of Chicago chapter of Delta Upsilon admitted women asfull and equal members of the fraternity. Since then roughly equal numbers ofmen and women have been initiated.This year marks the 20th anniversary ofthis coed tradition. This ought to because for celebration but is not.In June 1988 a small group of menwho graduated from the College in the1950s took advantage of unrepresentative attendance at our annual meetingto take over the Chicago DU alumniboard (through proxies). They nowseek to reduce the membership privileges of the women alumni of the past20 years and to eliminate women fromthe future of the fraternity.We object to the tactics being usedto accomplish these ends and wish tomake them known to the alumni of theUniversity of Chicago:• While in the hands of the currentboard, all pages from 1975 to 1988 "disappeared" from the official membership roll book. Alumni from that erawill now have to prove they are DUs orbe dropped from the membership roll.In practice, this means that all women,from 1975 on, will be dropped from thevoting roster unless they receive the6 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990unanimous support of their malepeers.• The board has ended the self-governing status of the undergraduatechapter. In Spring 1989 the boardplaced the fraternity under a trusteeship and now manages all undergraduate fraternity operations through an Indiana University DU alumnus (not evena UC alumnus)! All those interested inbeing members and living in the fraternity house are subject to board reviewand acceptance. Thus the board hasbeen able to sweep out all women andthose men who would like to maintainthe coed tradition. The board has hand-selected a few male students withwhom they will build a new, all-malefraternity.• The University of Chicago DUalumni-at-large have accepted the tradition of coed fraternity for 20 yearsnow. To get around this, the board is rewriting the bylaws so that alumni members from DU chapters nationwide(which are all-male) can vote on University of Chicago chapter issues. In thisway, they hope to seal the fate of coedfraternity at the University and to insure that the fraternity is no longer ableto develop or maintain any policieswhich may be considered "individualexpressions" of the ideals and purposesof the International Fraternity of DeltaUpsilon.Throughout the years we have triedto maintain a fraternity that reflects apersonality that is our own— one inkeeping with a University of Chicagocharacter and with the fraternity's stated ideals of promoting friendship, developing character, spreading liberalculture, and advancing justice.Our experiences as members of acoed fraternity have been positive. Weknow that many believe that fraternalbonds are not possible between menand women. After 20 years, the question still remains: "Is the developmentof true friendship between men andwomen possible?" We believe the record speaks for itself: in the Chicagochapter of Delta Upsilon reciprocity inleadership positions between men andwomen and the free development of enduring friendships has been a reality.We, the men and women membersof the last 20 years, are proud of our association with the University of Chicago chapter of Delta Upsilon and want toremain a part of it. However, we fear it will soon be all over if we do not receiveoverwhelming support from the alumni of the fraternity, as well as from theCollege itself.What are the views of the alumni?The board tells us that the alumni donot want women in the fraternity,though it has refused all requests for avote by mail of the Chicago DU alumni-at-large on the issue. It is our positionthat if, in a free and fair vote, ChicagoDU does not want women, so be it. Butexclusivity should not be reimposedwithout a vote.To make your views known, writeto: Chicago Delta Upsilon, c/o University of Chicago Alumni Association,5757 South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.Pia Lopez, X'80St. Joseph, Minnesota andClare Ginger, AB'81Ann Arbor, MichiganBuried treasureBefore last year's reunion of the Class of'39, 1 called attention of the Alumni Association and the Public Relations Department to the time capsule buriedthat year somewhere on the Quadrangle. (I was a student and campus reporter for the Chicago Herald-American inthat period. Some covers I designed forPulse magazine and which were featured in Life magazine were placed inthe capsule, along with other items.)Subsequently I was advised that aneffort was being made to locate the siteof the capsule. I tried to help by contacting other former students who mightremember.It occurs to me that among yourreaders there may be some who recallthe event and can contribute usefulinformation.Help!Lee Weinstein, X'39Inglewood, CaliforniaThe University of Chicago Magazine invites letters from readers on the contents of themagazine or on topics related to the University. Letters for publication must be signed,and the magazine reserves the right to edit,for length and/ or clarity. Letters should beaddressed to: Editor, The University ofChicago Magazine, Robie House, 5757South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. COSTA AZULTOURS & TRAVEL955 South Vermont Ave Suite NLos Angeles, CA 90006Tel: (213)384-7200(213) 380-4952Fax: (213)380-4952Telex: 4953961 UlDiscounted Air FareInternational TravelScheduledMajor AirlinesNo CouponsAll Class of ServiceDiscounts from10-30%dependingon destinationLatin Americaand Africaare our specialityYour discountdonated toUniversity of ChicagoAlumni Fundin your nameortaken offyour ticket priceCOSTA AZUL TOURS & TRAVEL-Owned and managed byGraduates of theUniversity of Chicago.COURSE WORKCritical InquiryWhat are we sure that we know? Thewords flow across a Cobb Hall blackboard in an even, cursive hand. On theneighboring panel, a second questionis as quickly and neatly posed. What arewe sure that we don't know?A third question, the professornotes wryly, will go unwritten:"What's just plain baffling about thisstory?"The story is William Faulkner'snovel As I Lay Dying. The class is Section 11 of Humanities 130. "Form/Problem/Event." This year, the formbeing studied in the first third of thecommon-core sequence is tragedy.The professor is Wayne C. Booth.Booth, AM'47, PhD'50, has taughtat the University since 1962. TheGeorge M. Pullman DistinguishedService Professor in English Languageand Literature, the Committee on theAnalysis of Ideas and Study of Methods, and the College, he is the authorof eight books, includingT/ieR/iefoncof Fiction, A Rhetoric of Irony— and TheVocation of a Teacher (The University ofChicago Press, 1988)." Good college teaching, " Booth writesin an essay from his book on teaching,an essay that began as a 1987 talk tosome U of C graduate students, "is thekind that promises to make the teacher finallysuperfluous, the kind that leads students towant to continue work in the given subjectand to be able to, because they have the necessary intellectual equipment to continue workat a more advanced level." The italics, andthe emphasis, are Booth's.In the classroom, Wayne Boothlooks distinguished but not forbidding. The hair and beard are white, theglasses black and businesslike, theeyes behind them watchful and kind.Within seconds of entering the low-eaved, sunny room, he has discardedhis navy-blue blazer. Now, he standscasually before the circle of 26 first-year students, chalk in hand. "Let'smake sure we're getting the samestory," he suggests.Getting the same story is, however,not a simple journey from point A to Asking questions: Wayne Booth, AM'47, PhD'50.point B. In its detours and retracings,As I Lay Dying resembles the pilgrimage it describes: the Bundren family'snightmarish trip to Jefferson, Mississippi, to bury their wife and mother.Faulkner lets the characters of his 1930novel — including Addie, the deadwoman — take turns telling the story.The reader becomes a detective,charged with meshing the differentlayers of what Addie calls the characters' "secret and selfish thought" intoan account of the event that gets at what happened and why.Slowly, the list of things knownlengthens. As students present"facts," Booth asks for documentation from the text."Addie's dead" is first. "And stinking for nine days." Vultures are circling; people are angry at them forbringing the smell into town."Darl's in jail," a second studentvolunteers, moving from Addie to hersecond-born son."Are you sure?" Booth queries, andUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990a woman breaks in, 'No, he's in a mental institution."Asked for proof, she quotes Varda-man, the youngest of Addie andAnse's children, who says of his olderbrother: "He went to Jackson. He wentcrazy and went to Jackson both."The list lengthens as the studentsthumb through their paperbacks:Jewel [Addie's third son] is illegitimate.Addie doesn't love Anse. "Why didshe marry Anse in the first place?" astudent wonders. "Did she ever lovehim?""There was an anger in her, " Boothsays, "a need to escape. Anse was anescape from her circumstances." Hefingers the chalk, gets back to the business of asking questions. "What aboutAnse? What's happened to him?"This is not a note-taking class.Instead the students constantly pagethrough their texts, searching for supporting or dissenting references. Forminutes at a stretch, Booth says almostnothing, listening and nodding as onestudent voice follows another. Hisperformance seems effortless.It isn't. The Vocation of a Teacher contains excerpts from a teaching journalthat Booth kept from 1977 through1988. On October 25, 1982, he wrote:"As I grow older, the task of goading the students into genuine discussion changes. They defer to me morethan ever. They pretend to be discussing with one another, but they allhave one eye on me— their very bodieslean toward me, even as their eyesflicker toward fellow students."So I take measures. I write notesto myself warning that I must keepquiet. 'Throw it back to them.' 'Pausefor a long time.' 'Don't let them enticeyou into taking the ball away fromthem.' But the troubles remain."One highly effective measure is tostay out of the room entirely— whenthe time is ripe."Today, Wayne Booth stays in theclassroom. "Let's read a little bit aboutCash [the oldest of Addie and Anse'ssons]," he says. He starts to readaloud, then interrupts himself."Should I be having you read this— toget the proper Southern accent?" heasks a young man on his right.With a slight but unmistakabledrawl, the student takes up the storywhere Booth left off. Booth's eyesfollow the lines of the text, showing "They pretend to bediscussing with oneanother, but they allhave one eye on me—their very bodies leantoward me. ...Sol takemeasures. "his pleasure in the words.When the class begins to compileits "What we are sure we don't know"list, it's evident that the fates of manycharacters are cloudy. "The traditionalway of telling this story," Booth notes,"would be to sew things up." Whathappens to his characters is not theonly thing Faulkner has obscured:"I've got 50 pronoun references thatI can't figure out, " Booth confides.By design, the day's discussion hasfocussed on details, whether of plot orlanguage. "For next time, " Booth tellshis fellow readers, "try to focus onwhat the whole book is about. Forwhom is it tragic?"Two days later, Wayne Booth hastraded blazer and button-down shirtfor a gray corduroy jacket and a baby-blue turtleneck. Otherwise, the sceneis much the same. "Pass in your questions now," he begins. (Each day, students are "in theory" expected to handin questions based on their readings.)Shrugging out of his jacket, he passesaround his own set of questions: suggested topics for the final paper of thequarter.Along with their final papers, heasks his students to "please submityour total portfolio ... I want to look atthe total corpus of your intellectualendeavor for the course."If you've thrown them away,you've thrown them away, " he contin ues, anticipating any anxious protests."I think the more you get engaged inyour intellectual progress, the moreyou'll want to save your papers."Shuffling through a pile of "freshoff the press" questions, Booth findsthe day's jumping-off point: the novelmakes it seem that only outsidersnoticed the smell of Addie's rottingbody. Is it possible that the smell is ametaphor— that Addie had begun torot spiritually years before, and herfamily had never noticed it?The discussion is fast-paced andintent, but Booth sees a problem."We're getting the same people takingpart. I'm curious about what otherpeople think.""What's Faulkner doing?" a studentfinally asks in frustration.Booth answers by rephrasing thequestion— not once, but twice: "Oneway to put it is, What is the form?Another way is, What is the point?"With that, he reminds the studentsto address their remarks to those madeby the person who has just finishedspeaking, and the discussion resumes.After a while, Booth rises from hischair. He stands quietly near the blackboard, still listening, then walks out ofthe room."I think that Faulkner is paintinga pretty bleak picture," a dark-hairedwoman says. "Usually when people gothrough a journey— you know, a picaresque novel— they learn something,get better."Three or four hands go up, four orfive people are talking. Pages turn,points are made. No one mentions theprofessor's absence, but as the minutespass, there's a sense of sailing withouta rudder: the carefully injected phrase,the comment that clarifies a point.When Booth quietly reenters the room,about 15 minutes after he left, there'isa collective sense of relief."We're back on details," he observes, then explains why he left thediscussion in full flight. "The purposeof this course is to make myself asquickly superfluous as possible," hesays, asking his students to review thedynamics of the exchange he missed.Had his absence had any effect onclass participation: "Did anyone takepart who hadn't while I was here?"Although Wayne Booth doesn'texpect an immediate answer, it is not arhetorical question.— M.R.Y.INVESTIGATIONSWork and FamilyHappinessWhen it comes to career paths,Susan Lambert has no problem withthe so-called "mommy track." SaysLambert, an assistant professor in theSchool of Social Service Administration, "I think everybody should be onthe mommy track, which is the workand family track. The problem is theother track. We shouldn't have jobs inwhich you can't have a satisfying personal life in order to succeed at work."Lambert believes that discordbetween work and family is inherentin the structure of American businesspractices — and is creating a growingpopulation of unhappy workers whosejob dissatisfaction inevitably spreadsinto their home lives.Her survey of 830 U.S. workersfrom a wide spectrum of jobs andincomes showed that when workerswere content in their jobs, that satisfaction carried over into their homelives. These workers described theirjobs as "challenging, well-defined,offering opportunities for promotion,and giving a sense of completion."Dissatisfied workers— who said theirjobs were "boring, poorly supervisedand lack opportunity for promotion"—were generally unhappy with theirhome lives as well.No matter what type of jobs theyhad, workers with children were usually dissatisfied with both work andhome lives. "That's not surprising,"Lambert says, "because of the difficulty that workers with children face intrying to balance their work and familyroles."Most jobs, she says, are "designedon a kind of male model, circa 1950s,in which the worker has someone athome taking care of all his personalneeds. That model just doesn't applyany more for women or men, and theresult is this dissatisfaction, especiallyfor workers with children."The mommy track "actually doesmen more of a disservice than wom- Tracking job satisfaction: Susan Lambert of the School of Social Service Administration.en, " she continues. "A woman can say,'Okay, I'm going on this track and I'llget up to mid-management and havekids, and that's a nice balance.' Mendon't have that option. So they decidethey'll be career primary all the wayand rise only to middle management —we know it's a sieve and most of themdon't get through to the upper ranks,anyway — and you end up with menwho have over-invested in work anddon't have a satisfying family life."The trend towards child care is animportant first step, "but on the otherhand, what does child care allow youto do? Leave your kids so you cancome to work. It's more a work supportthan a family support. Businesseshaven't needed to start consideringhow to be more accommodating ofworkers' personal needs, rather thanmaking it easier for them to conformto existing structures."Companies will say that moneyis the bottom line in their reluctanceto change, but Lambert sees it more"as ideology— those norms that getstarted, such as 'You can't leave beforeyour boss leaves.' How productive isthat? Or, you have to show up at youroffice for so long or people thinkyou're not working. Practices thatemphasize form over substance." Instead companies might pursuemore effective strategies; for example,one in which "workers have certainobjectives agreed upon by them andtheir supervisors, which they are heldaccountable to. This could be healthyfor both the business and the individual, because instead of having to look acertain way, you're held accountablefor your results."The economic climate may be ripefor changes in the corporate structure:"With a projected shortage in the 1990sof qualified personnel, businesses willneed to be more accommodating inorder to attract and keep goodemployees."But the future is not so bright foremployees in America's growing service sector— condemned to boring,low-paying jobs with little chance forpromotion. Although Lambert's survey shows the devastating effect suchjobs can have, she concedes there'slittle motivation for employers to makesuch jobs more rewarding. "If you'renot a 'valued' employee, if you're easyto hire, businesses won't make thesekind of investments in you." Ironically,she says, the people who need themost help— single mothers in low-paying jobs— will probably continueto receive the least assistance.— TO.10 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990Far from aDead IssueAlmost from the moment a bedouin shepherd found the first of the DeadSea Scrolls in 1947, they attractedyoung scholars to Hebrew studies-including Norman Golb, now theLudwig Rosenberger Professor ofJewish History and Civilization in theUniversity's Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations. Afterstudying Hebrew and Semitic philology at the Oriental Institute, Golb enrolled at Johns Hopkins in the late1950s to study under W. F. Albright ."We were getting information onthe scrolls first-hand from Jerusalemvia Professor Albright," Golb explains.The first seven scrolls, studied by Albright and his students, had beenpurchased by Israel. (A few other fragments were purchased by museumsworldwide, including the OrientalInstitute.) But most subsequent finds—thousands of fragments in all— werekept by the Jordanian government in amuseum in East Jerusalem. For political reasons, Golb and other Jewishscholars were not allowed to see thesescrolls; instead, a group of scholarsled by the Dominican archaeologistRoland de Vaux received exclusiveaccess.De Vaux's group, and many others,soon adopted a theory, first formulated by the archaeologist Eliezer Su-kenik in 1948, tracing the scrolls to asmall Jewish sect, the Essenes, whoinhabited Palestine around the timeof Christ. Contemporary writersdescribed the Essenes as celibatemonks who eschewed personalwealth, espoused ritual purity, andheld communal sessions to probe theTorah's "secrets."One of the original seven scrolls,the Manual of Discipline, describedrituals of an unnamed religious brotherhood which de Vaux's group (andothers) took to be the Essenes. TheEssenes may have influenced earlyChristianity, some scholars have argued, noting similarities between theManual of Discipline and such NewTestament concepts as predestinationand the duality of flesh and spirit.Central to the Essene thesis are the Scrolls scholars: Norman Golb (right) and Michael Wise.ruins of an ancient settlement calledKhirbet Qumran, which De Vaux'sgroup decided was an Essene monastery, where monks busily composedsome 800 scrolls found in the surrounding caves.While de Vaux's group studied thescrolls, Golb shifted to more accessiblemanuscripts, medieval ones knowncollectively as the Cairo Genizah. However, shortly after 1967's Six DayWar, in which Israel captured EastJerusalem from Jordan, Golb took aresearch leave from the University"and then finally I was able to finallyvisit Qumran. It was an eye-opener."Golb explains that "before 1970, 1 accepted the Essene theory lock, stock,and barrel, but once I actually studiedthe site, I realized there was somethingnvery wrong with this theory."Although Pliny the Elder haddescribed Essenes living above En-Gedi as celibate monks, Golb notedthat excavation of a vast cemetery atQumran revealed skeletons of womenas well as men. Historic accounts statethe Essenes lived a rudimentary existence, "yet excavations show a well-developed settlement, with cisterns,pools, and reservoirs for water storage,stables and a fortified tower, " whichGolb says "bears many marks of amilitary bastion."Golb concluded that Qumran wasused to "house a troop of Jewish soldiers who fought a protracted battlewith the Romans around the timeJerusalem was overrun" in 70 A.D. Hetheorizes that the scrolls were takenfrom Jerusalem's libraries and hiddenin caves shortly before the Romansiege on the Holy City. To back up histheory, he cites the "wide variety ofliterary themes and genres: hymns,previously unknown apocryphal writings, wisdom texts"— even a collectionof psalms "that have been characterized as Hellenistic and anti-Essenic."If, instead, Essenes were actuallyliving at Qumran and then hastily hidtheir work in the nearby caves duringa Roman attack, he asks, then whydoesn't a single parchment scroll appear to be an author's original or awork in progress? "Why are all thescrolls only scribal copies of worksoriginally composed beforehand, andhow can we reasonably explain that atleast 500 scribes copied them down?"Also, if Qumran had been theEssene administrative center, "onewould expect to find correspondenceand archival records." In fact, the onlyautograph ever found at Qumran is acopper scroll that describes the hidingplaces— mostly in the Judean wilderness—of various treasures and books.Some scholars responded that thelack of records or author's originalsindicates the caves themselves housedan Essene library. "Are we really supposed to believe these reputed monks,while maintaining a complex likeQumran, climbed into hillside cavesto engage in scholarship?" asks Golb,who first presented his counter-hypothesis in 1970 at a lecture for theAmerican School of Oriental Researchin Jerusalem. Many "Qumranolo-gists," he says, have been angry at him Among the Oriental Institute's treasures isthis small fragment from the Dead SeaScrolls, first discovered in 1947. Nearly athird of the scrolls remain unpublished. Agroup holding exclusive editing rights tothese scrolls says they contain "nothingcontroversial"— but Chicago 's NormanGolb believes the issue "raises fundamentalquestions regarding scholarly custom andethics."since then, "but none of them has yetoffered a cogent refutation of the hypothesis of Jerusalem origin."Fueling the controversy is the factthat approximately 30 percent of thescrolls remain unpublished, controlledby hand-picked successors to deVaux's original research team. Last fallat a conference at Princeton University, the editor of Biblical ArchaeologyReview, accused this current crop ofeditors of acting "like children whowant the cookie jar to themselves."Perhaps in response, some otherscholars are now being allowed accessto the scrolls, but Golb charges theyare mostly graduate students of theeditors, while others remain barred— apractice he says "raises fundamentalquestions regarding scholarly customand ethics."At this point, Golb insists, he isless concerned with gaining accesshimself to evidence that might furtherconfirm his hypothesis than with how the continuing inaccessibility of textswill affect younger scholars.Take Michael Wise, PhD'88, assistant professor in the Department ofNear Eastern Languages and Civilizations. Under Golb, Wise wrote hisdissertation on the Temple Scroll. Thelongest Dead Sea Scroll, it calls for itsreaders— addressed as "Israel"— tobuild a temple whose description,says Wise, "is unlike any temple weknow of."The scroll quotes Deuteronomy,yet Wise notes that all references to"foreigners" (i.e, non-Jews) are omitted. It also describes rituals to be performed by the "12 tribes of Israel, " yetwhen the scroll was written in about150 B.C.E. only three tribes remained.The author, Wise concludes, was prophesying a temple to be built in the"end of days" when the 12 tribeswould be reunited in a "purified"Israel.Internally fascinating, the TempleScroll is even more compelling whenrelated to the other Dead Sea texts,says Wise, who sees analysis of theirinterrelation as the next frontier inscrolls study. To extrapolate theserelationships, Wise says he "needsvery badly to see the actual scrolls,"but to date his requests have not beengranted— perhaps, he admits, because having studied under Golbhe has not emerged a doctrinaire"Qumranologist.""I knew the old ideas of Qumranorigins would not easily die," saysGolb. "There are scholars who haveconcentrated exclusively on writingabout these scrolls, starting with theassumption that they were composedby Essenes. I would hardly expectthem to make announcements disavowing their earlier findings." However,Golb believes there's much more atstake than "which scholar wins orloses.""The idea that the Essenes had amajor influence on early Christianityhas no doubt affected the way peoplein many countries think about therelationship of the two faiths. But ifthe early Christian ideas attributed tothe Essenes evolved out of Judaism asa whole, then the sense of kinshipshould extend a great deal further. Thetwo cease to be distant doctrinal cousins and become much closer relatives."-T.O.12 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990Striped for speed: These Northwest garter snakes make a beelinefrom predators.Snakeskin TheoriesWhen confronted by a predator,Northwest garter snakes in Oregonwith a tell-tale racing stripe down theback tend to flee quickly, on a directcourse. Unstriped and spotted snakesof the same species generally try toescape by evasive action, reversingdirection and then hiding.Edmund Brodie III, known as"Butch" to his friends and colleagues,reported this clear correlation betweenbehavior and coloration in Nature latelast fall. Scientific American did a storyas well."It's gotten a wider audience thanmost snake kinds of things, " Brodietold a science reporter from The Orego-nian. A tall, blond, and bearded graduate student in Ecology and Evolution,Brodie is a second-generation academic biologist; his father, a professor atthe University of Texas at Austin, studies snakes, too. "I'm excited thatanybody else but me is interested. Yougo through life as a graduate student,wondering if anybody else gives a ripabout it. So this attention is all prettythrilling."Correlations between behaviorand characteristics like color have beenfound in other animals. But Brodiegives evidence that this correlation ingarter snakes has a genetic basis— andtherefore might help explain whynatural populations maintain genetic variation when some theories suggestthere shouldn't be any.Brodie collected "about 100" female garter snakes in coastal Oregon,breeding them to produce 474 offspring of different coloration. What hisresearch paper doesn't say is that hislaboratory was the basement of hisgrandparents' Oregon home. "I didwonder," Brodie laughs, "what theneighbors thought sometimes."Marking the snakes and notingtheir coloration, he then tested themon "a doughnut-shaped, Astroturfrace track, " scoring for speed, endurance, anti-predator display, and number of reversals during flight.While none of these behaviorswere mutually exclusive, most strikingwas the correlation between number ofreversals in flight and coloration: spotted snakes reversed most frequently,and striped snakes least frequently."The connection between behaviorand coloration in these Oregon gartersnakes is interesting in itself," Brodiesays. A "racing stripe" down the backof a snake, he notes, "creates an optical illusion of stillness, so the snakecan flee before the predator evenknows it is moving— and thereforedirect flight gives such a snake anadvantage for survival." Evasive actionby spotted snakes, conversely, is bettersuited to their coloration: "Sudden reversals can cause a predator to losetrack of the snake and allow it a chanceto hide."Natural selection in these snakes,in other words, appears to favor combinations of traits: stripes and directflight, on the one hand, and spots andreversals, on the other. One geneticexplanation could be that a singleinherited gene might produce morethan one effect. But this coupling ofbehavioral and morphological traits,Brodie argues, suggests a differentgenetic explanation: linkage disequilibrium, or the non-random associationof groups of genes. Among relatedbrother and sister snakes, specifictraits are inherited together muchmore often than they are inheritedseparately; the physical location of thegenes for these traits, however, mightnot be close together.Brodie's results therefore mayprovide an answer to an ecologicalpuzzle: theories of selection suggestthat if inherited characteristics withina species give some members a particular advantage for survival, gene selection in the species should narrowtoward those specific characteristics.Natural populations nonetheless havelots of genetic variation. "Variationshould eventually disappear," notesBrodie, "but it doesn't." How can thatcontinuing variation be explained?These two genetically-based combinations of behavior and coloration inNorthwest garter snakes, Brodie argues, might offer comparable advantages for survival. In terms of selection, they pull in different directions,and so a wide range of variation incolor and behavior survive. "Differentbehaviors make the different colorpatterns equally fit, " Brodie explains."And genetic interaction slows downthe movement toward one or anothercharacteristic." Those interactions,for example, continue to make non-advantageous combinations, such asreversing striped snakes, possible.Brodie has already set in motionthe next step to check his hypothesiswith the garter snakes. After markingand testing 600 baby snakes, he released them into the wild. When hereturns to Oregon to collect them thissummer, he thinks he knows whichsnakes he will find— and which snakesshould succumb to predators.—Ed Ernst13CHICAGO JOURNALThe Price of Knowledge"Knowledge is expensive," President Hanna Holborn Gray told thestudent editors of the Maroon in lateFebruary, explaining the University'sacross-the board tuition increases for1990-91.The College term bill will increaseby 6.9 percent next fall, from $19,195 to$20,525. The term bill includes $14,895in tuition, $5,390 for room and board,and $240 for health services and student activity fees.The tuition portion of the term billis a 7. 8-percent increase over 1989-90—and is 192 percent more than the priceof undergraduate tuition in 1980-81.Undergraduate scholarship funding has also skyrocketed— up 552 percent—over the past decade. In 1990-91,the University will provide $16.3 million from its own resources for undergraduate scholarships, compared to$2.5 million in 1980-81, and a 10.9-percent increase over the $14.7 millionit budgeted in 1989-90. Fifty-eightpercent of Chicago's undergraduatesreceive direct grants from the University. (When all sources of support areincluded the number receiving aidrises to 66 percent.)Tuition in the four graduate divisions will go from $14,100 to $15,210,with similar increases in most of theUniversity's professional schools. Forcontinuing students in the newly established Graduate School of PublicPolicy Studies, tuition will increasefrom $12,810 to $13,815, with enteringstudents paying $14,820, a move thatPresident Gray said is designed tomake the school's tuition more nearlycomparable with that of the divisionsand the other professional schools.With $30.1 million in financial aidfor graduate and professional students available, University grants to allstudents will total $46.4 million in1990-91, up from $11 .4 million in1980-81.Over the past decade, Gray said,the University has devoted an increasing percentage of expenditures— 76percent of the 1989-90 budget, compared to 63 percent in 1980-81— to academic activities, in particular faculty salaries, research and teachingsupport (including the library), andstudent financial aid. A significantportion of that increase, she emphasized, has been necessary to replacefederal government support, whichhas dropped significantly in real termsover the past decade.Vice President for InvestmentsGary Helms, Houston investmentmanager and former Wall Street executive, joined the University in March asvice president for investments. He andhis 17-member staff manage the University's $1.3 billion portfolio.Helms, a University of North Carolina alumnus, received his M.B. A.from Harvard. After seven years onWall Street, first as a general partnerand investment strategist for L.F.Rothschild/Unterberg Towbin andthen at Loeb, Rhoades and Companyas director of research and chief investment officer, he moved to Houston,where he was mananging director andchairman of the Equity Group of theCriterion Investment ManagementCompany.Smart Changes"My goal is to make the SmartMuseum one of the great universitymuseums in the United States, " saysTeri Edelstein, newly appointed director of the newly renamed David &Alfred Smart Museum of Art.In 1983, Edelstein was nameddirector of the Mount Holyoke CollegeArt Museum after serving as assistantdirector for academic programs at theYale Center for British Art. She received her B. A., M. A. and Ph.D. fromthe University of Pennsylvania, whereshe specialized in 18th- and 19th-century British art.Edelstein plans to continueSmart's lectures, colloquia, and educational outreach programs whileputting greater emphasis "on exhibitions originating here. I hope to seethe collection grow, the endowmentincrease, and the museum expand its Teri Edelstein of the Smart Museum.role as a resource for the entire University as well as for the city."The name change from Gallery toMuseum of Art, says Edelstein, expresses "both the significance of thedistinguished permanent collectionnow housed in the Smart and theimpressive history of exhibitionsmounted here."Edelstein succeeds John Carswell,who currently heads Sotheby's department of Islamic art, rugs and textiles inLondon.New Directions for Lab SchoolAlthough she won't officially assume her duties of director of the University Laboratory Schools until July,Lucinda Katz is already consideringways to expand the Schools— both inacademic opportunities and in physical space.Katz, who has been principal ofthe Nursery and Lower Schools since1986, explains that, because of enrollment growth, space at the Schools hasbecome restricted. She anticipateslaunching a capital campaign-perhaps in conjunction with the University's centennial celebration— toraise funds for further expansion ofthe Schools.Katz also wants to concentrate14 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990Couched in Meanings: A photograph of the celebrated study of Sigmund Freud is part of atravelling exhibition being shown at the Smart Museum, April 19 through June 17. "TheFreud Antiquities: Fragments from a Buried Past" includes 65 selections from the psychologist's collection of more than 2,000 ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman, and Orientalworks of art currently held at the Freud Museum in London.on "faculty development" by providing opportunities such as "mini-sabbaticals," that would give teacherstime off to reflect on their work andconsider fresh approaches." Althoughshe will maintain "a rigorous academicprogram" at the Schools, "I also thinkwe need to be aware of the whole student, so that we don't ignore the emotional side of learning." And, sheadds, "I am also interested in maintaining the racial and ethnic diversityof our students and faculty and inbuilding up a sense of community."Before joining the Lab Schools,Katz was a professor at the EriksonInstitute, affiliated with Loyala University, teaching courses in family andcultural studies and child development. She received a B.A. in music atSan Francisco University, and a Ph.D.in education from the University ofIllinois at Urbana. From 1987 to 1989,she was president of the 2,000-member Chicago Association for theEducation of Young Children, and sheon the editorial board of the journalYoung Children.Lederman to Head the AAAS"Science in this country is in bigtrouble," Leon Lederman bluntly toldmembers of American Association forthe Advancement of Science (AAAS)at the association's annual meeting inNew Orleans this February.Lederman, the Frank L. Sulzberger Professor in Physics and theCollege, officially assumed duties aspresident-elect of the 132,000-memberAAAS this winter, after being electedby a poll of members last fall.Lederman told the AAAS that he is"optimistic that Congress is beginningto be aware that science and educationare tickets for admission to the 21stcentury." In a later interview with theUniversity Chronicle, Lederman said,"I want to restore the golden age ofscience. In the late 1950s and early1960s, any scientist with a good ideacould get support. We need that, to getmore people flowing into science."Lederman— who joined the facultyshortly after winning the 1988 NobelPrize in physics— has put action behind his words. He is chief architect ofthe Illinois Mathematics and ScienceAcademy in Aurora, Illinois, whosefirst graduating class in 1989 led all high schools in the nation on theAmerican College Test. He has alsochampioned the formation of an academy for training public school teachersin math and science.In addition to Lederman's appointment, four University faculty members were chosen as AAAS Fellowsduring the February meeting: SamuelHellman, dean of Biological Sciencesand the Pritzker School of Medicine;Edward Laumann, dean of SocialSciences; Lewis Seiden, AB'56, SB'58,PhD'62, professor in pharmacologicaland physiological sciences; and MartaTienda, professor in sociology.Scientific AdviceWalter Massey, Vice President forResearch and for Argonne NationalLaboratory, is one of 12 scientists selected by President George Bush toserve on his newly created President'sCouncil of Advisors on Science andTechnology.According to a White Housespokesman, Massey and the otherscientists chosen for the PCAST will "provide high-level advice directly tothe president" on science and technology issues. The last time such a councilwas created was in the NixonAdministration.Massey says that during thegroup's first meeting, a three-and-a-half hour session at Camp David, thePresident concentrated on three issues: "mathematics and science education, the role of science and technology in economic growth, and globalclimate change. But the discussionsincluded everything that the presidentor members of the council thoughtmight be important.""Our meeting was very open, "says Massey. "The President was veryengaged and quite aware of the issues.He told us that he sees the PCAST ashis committee, and he expects it toreport to him directly." He added thatthe council will meet monthly and isexpected to form task forces to studyparticular issues in depth.Also in February, Massey wasnamed to the board of directors of theJohn D. and Catherine T. MacArthurFoundation.15Graduate Applications UpAn applications boom that beganin 1985 among the University's graduate and professional programs appearsto be continuing into the 1990s."It's difficult to know if this is justa fluke, "says Anne Robertson, assistant professor in music and chair of thedepartment's committee on entranceand placement, "or the beginning of aresponse to the expected shortage ofcollege teachers in the 1990s."I'm beginning to think it's thelatter, especially since the quality ofapplicants has been up the last twoyears. It's no longer a surprise to findseveral applicants with scores of 800on one or more parts of their GREexams."Increases in the divisions rangedfrom 28 percent in Biological Sciencesto six percent in Social Sciences. TheSchool of Social Service Administration led the professional schools withan increase of 15 percent.According to Associate ProvostAllen Sanderson, AM'70, graduateadmissions have been increasing nationally over the past five years, butthe University has nonetheless beenoutstripping most of its competition."Compared to our peer institutions, our applications are up moreand they are up more uniformly acrossdisciplines," says Sanderson. He believes the increase is at least partiallydue to changes made in response tothe University's 1982 Baker Commission report — changes which includedincreases in financial aid and teachingopportunities, greater efforts at recruitment (including more campusvisits), better admissions materials,and an increased emphasis on improving access for minorities.Robertson believes the surge inapplications is also related to recentlyincreased support for students in humanities, arts, and social sciencesthrough programs such as the JacobJavits and Mellon Foundation fellowships, and the University's own Century Fellows.Despite the applications increase,admissions around the University willlikely remain steady, Sanderson says."This simply allows us to be moreselective." On average, approximately40 percent of University applicants areaccepted for admission. Local hero: Matthew Headrick is surrounded by University High classmates.Westinghouse WinnerUniversity High School seniorMatthew Headrick won first place inthis year's Westinghouse Science Talent Search Contest— a $20,000 collegescholarship. Headrick is the fifth LabSchools student since 1982 to be nameda Westinghouse finalist.While working in the laboratory ofRobert Haselkorn— the Fanny L. Pritz-ker Distinguished Service Professor inMolecular Genetics and Cell Biology—Headrick used molecular genetic techniques to isolate for the first time the gene necessary for nitrogen fixation infreshwater blue-green algae.After winning the award in March,Headrick made an appearance on theToday Show in New York and was greeted on his return by 1,000 cheeringclassmates and an array of dignitaries,including Walter Massey, UniversityVice President for Research and for theArgonne National Laboratory.Headrick said the award probablywouldn't change his future plans,which include pursuing a Ph.D. inmathematics, at either Princeton orStanford, and a career as a physicist.One degree that is not being pursued as avidly is medicine. Reflectinga national trend over the last severalyears, the number of applications atthe Pritzker School of Medicine willlikely be significantly lower, accordingto Janis Mendelsohn, associate dean ofstudents at the school. She attributesthe drop in part to increasing costs ofmedical education and malpracticeinsurance— factors that have combinedto foster "a general disillusionment"about medical careers. Applicants stillfar outnumber spaces in each enteringclass— only about 15 percent of applicants to Pritzker will be admitted thisyear. Honors and AwardsBooks by two history professors,Jan Goldstein and Peter Novick, received annual American HistoricalAssociation awards. Goldstein wonbest first book in European history forConsole and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century.Novick's That Noble Dream: The 'Objectivity Question' and the American HistoricalProfession, was cited as the best book inAmerican history. Both were published by Cambridge University Press.In February, Erica Reiner, PhD'55,received an honorary doctorate from16 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990the University of Leiden in the Netherlands. Reiner, the John A. Wilson Distinguished Service Professor, is editor-in-charge of the Chicago AssyrianDictionary, a project started in 1921 atthe Oriental Institute. When completed, it will be the first comprehensivedictionary/encyclopedia of the Akkadian (or Assyro-Babylonian) languageand civilization. Leiden is known forits research in the ancient Near East.Laurie Butler, assistant chemistryprofessor, has received a DreyfusFoundation Teacher-Scholar award of$50,000, given annually to promisingyoung chemistry researchers. Amongher accomplishments, Butler has developed a technique to study dissociation of molecules during the trillionthof a second, or less, in which suchreactions occur.Senior Paul Marushka was among20 students selected to USA Today's"College Academic First Team." Therecipients— chosen for academic performance and writing ability— werehonored Jan. 19 at the newspaper'sheadquarters in Arlington, Virginia.They each received a $2,500 prize. Apolitical science major, Marushkaplans to attend law school this fall.Lars Peter Hansen was namedthe Homer J. Livingston Professor inEconomics. Hansen's research-combining econometrics with macroeconomics—has sparked innovationsin dynamic economic theory and newmethods for estimation and testing ofeconomic models. He joined the faculty in 1982.English professor Richard Sternwon the first annual Chicago Sun-Times"Book of the Year Award" for his collection of short stories, Noble Rot. Otherfinalists were Harry S. Ashmore'sbiography of Robert Maynard Hut-chins, Unseasonable Truths; and Succeeding Against the Odds, an autobiographyby Ebony-fet publisher John H. Johnson, X'42.The panel of judges wrote thatStern's book "demonstrates not only arich flow and command of language,but also a remarkable consistency ofquality over the four decades he hasbeen writing novels and shortstories." ClockwatchersIn March, the Bulletin of the AtomicScientists turned back the hands of itsfamous Doomsday Clock, representing a "significantly diminished" threatof global nuclear war.The clock was moved back fourminutes and now stands at ten to"midnight"— an hour symbolizing all-out nuclear war. An editorial in theApril Bulletin, which is published atthe University of Chicago, declared themove reflects revolutionary changes inEastern Europe that have brought anend to the Cold War, "and lifted a grimweight from the human psyche.""Although success is in no wayguaranteed," the editorial stated, "thisis the greatest opportunity in fourdecades to create a safe, sustainableworld It has returned to humanityits hope for its future, and the chanceto create one."The position of the clock's hands isdetermined by the board of directorsand editor, in consultation with theBulletin's 41 scientific sponsors, 12 ofwhom are Nobel laureates. Since appearing on the magazine's cover in1947, the clock has been reset 13 times,coming as close as two minutes tomidnight in 1953, after the U.S. successfully tested a hydrogen bomb, andas distant as 12 minutes, after the firstSALT agreement was signed in 1972.The March change was one of themost controversial. One sponsor, Dennis Flanagan, editor emeritus of theScientific American, went on recordopposing any movement: "Events areso unstable and further change is solikely that I thought we shouldn'tchange the clock at all."The Bulletin has never claimed itsclock is a precision instrument. But,according to editor Len Ackland, it hasbecome a potent and insistent symbolthat lets the magazine reach an audience far larger than its monthly circulation of 17,000.The Bulletin was founded in 1945by concerned scientists— among themAlbert Einstein and J. Robert Op-penheimer— who wanted to alert thepublic to the danger of nuclear war.Recent articles have focused on nuclear weapons in the Third World,nuclear-free zones and popular movements against the bomb, freedom ofinformation around the world, and the The Doomsday Clock has a new setting.cultural dimensions of militarism.The idea for the Doomsday Clockwas originally sketched on the frontcover of a bound volume of Beethovenpiano sonatas by an artist simplyknown as Martyl — the wife of Alexander Langsdorf, a physicist who workedon the Manhattan Project. Martyl laterexplained that the clock image as awhole was intended to convey "asense of imminent danger, " but theplacing of the minute hand (at sevento) was simply a matter of "good design." The idea of moving the hand todramatize the editors' response toevents came two years later.The clock was the centerpiece ofthe cover into the 1960s, when it wasgiven a more subtle position as part ofthe logo at the cover's top. Last year,the Bulletin decided to redesign itsclock to reflect "a more global focus, "embracing economic and environmental as well as military factors. Martyl'ssuggestion of superimposing the clockon a map of the earth— which shespontaneously sketched on a restaurant napkin— was unanimouslyapproved.Winter Sports ReportsThe spotlight was on women athletes this winter. With 21 wins and 4loses, the Maroons set a school recordfor season victories in women's basketball, and finished second in their conference with an 11-3 UAA record.Junior guard Kristin Maschka—named UAA "Player of the Year"— ledthe team in scoring with an average14.1 points-per-game, was second in17Sophomore Ail-American Peter Wang applies leverage against a UAA opponent.rebounding (7. 1 average) and set asingle-season record for assists with120. She also led the team in blockshots, steals, and free throw shooting(83.6 percent). Freshman Allison Hey-ne, the team's second leading scorerand best rebounder, made second-team UAA. Sophomore Kim Burke seta school record with 32 three-pointfield goals.Men's basketball ended its seasonwith a 6-15 record— including two bigUAA wins: a 76-74 away victory overNew York University and a 92-69 homewin against Carnegie Mellon. Senior"All-UAA" guard Matt Krapf led theteam in scoring, averaging 29 points.Maroon wrestlers — at one time thiswinter ranked 16th in the nation— wonthe UAA championships and produced two Ail-Americans: sophomorePeter Wang, fourth at the Division IIINationals in the 177-pound division;and senior heavyweight Cary Starnal,who finished sixth.Senior swimmer Louise Wilkersonbecame a one-woman team during theDivision III Nationals at Williams College. Wilkerson swam the field's fastest preliminary in the 100-yard breast-stroke, 1:07. 03, a new Maroon andpool record.A slightly slower time in the finals placed her second— still the highest aU of C woman has placed in swimmingnationals. With a third in the 200-breast and 22nd in the 50-freestyle,Wilkerson scored enough total pointsto place the Maroons 28th out of 80national teams. Senior Kris Al-shabkhoun— 1990 men's UAA champion in the 100 breaststroke— also qualified for nationals, finishing third in atime of :58.47. He won the same eventat nationals last year.Other UAA results: Senior Annette Faller won the 1,500 meter run in4:43.85, a school record qualifying herfor nationals, in which she placedseventh overall. Senior Paul Winterwas men's UAA champion in the 400meters with a time of : 51. 09. The men'sfencing squad placed fourth in theUAA, and finished with a dual meetrecord of 9-7.Also during the winter season,Thomas Weingartner suceeded MaryJean Mulvaney, who retired Dec. 31as chairman of Physical Educationand Athletics and Athletic Director.Weingartner had been director of athletics at Manhattanville College inPurchase, New York. A Stanford graduate, he holds a doctoral degree ineducational administration fromNorthwestern University. CompendiaResistant Plants: A $90,000 grantto genetically engineer crops for herbicide resistance was awarded to RobertHaselkorn, the Fanny L. PritzkerDistinguished Service Professor inMolecular Genetics & Cell Biology, bythe Midwest Plant Biotechnology Consortium, a research partnership of 18universities and 34 industries fundedby the Department of Agriculture.Haselkorn will study how certainplants resist the herbicide haloxyfop.After the Wall: "Requests for information on the Soviet Union and EasternEurope have increased about 200 percent since last year, " June Farris, bibliographer for the Regenstein Library'sSlavic and Eastern European collection, told the Chronicle in February.Since the political upheaval inEastern Europe, more requests forinformation have come from individuals and businesses outside the University. A particularly popular item,according to Farris, is the 1987 JointVenture Agreement on business arrangements between Soviet and American firms. Requests have also come infor information on the new Hungarianelectoral law, child development inRussia, and Muslims in Yugoslavia.The hardest questions to answer,says Farris, are those dealing withcurrent biographical information—particularly requests for Soviet andEastern bloc phone numbers.Balancing Acts: It was a medical seminar without slides of graphs, gels, orcultures. Instead, the presenters offered up their family photos. Some 250medical students, graduate students,residents, and their partners attendeda winter quarter seminar on "Balancing Your Personal and ProfessionalLife." The seminar was sponsored bythe "Balancing Committee, " an ad hocgroup of faculty and staff from theHospitals and the Biological Sciencesdivision.In her keynote address, Veva Zimmerman, associate dean of studentsand associate professor of clinicalpsychiatry at the New York UniversitySchool of Medicine, suggested that thenecessary obsessiveness of the scientific mind doesn't translate easily into awell-balanced life. Students in particu-18 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990Follow the leader: blindfolded GSB students learn trust and camaraderie at a fall LEAD outing.LEADership TrainingThey threw rubber darts blindfolded, undulated provocatively to thesteamy Top 40 hit "Love Shack, " andstruck up non-verbal conversations,humming with their eyes closed. Andthey did it all for academic credit.Welcome to LEAD (Leadership,Education and Development), a program designed for students at theGraduate School of Business, whichadministrators say has provided aneeded sense of camaraderie in theschool, as well as developing leadership skills essential to a well-filled"executive's toolbox.""In the last few years, we havebecome more and more convinced thatour students need to develop greaterself-awareness and sensitivity towardothers, to acquire management skillsand discover their capacities for leadership," says Harry L. Davis, the RogerL. and Rachel M. Goetz Professor anddeputy dean of the GSB, who helpeddevelop the LEAD program.Students polled in a 1989 surveyhad expressed a strong consensus thatmore emphasis should be placed onpractical, business applications to theschool's more analytical approach.The faculty agreed that students werenot learning to communicate effectively, nor were they being trained to workin teams— an increasingly commonpractice in the workplace.With neither a fixed curriculumnor required courses, GSB studentssaid they often felt isolated. "Oursurveys revealed a need for a strongersense of community," says Davis."Many students reported that theyhad not developed the kinds of friendships that should have been possiblein a place like this."So in the spring of 1989, Davisrecruited 40 first-year students tobrainstorm on the problems. WithDavis's help, the students built theinitial concept of LEAD, launched lastfall as a pass-fail, required course forall first-year business students.The first-year class is divided intoten LEAD "cohorts" of approximately50 students; each group has one faculty adviser and four second-year student "facilitators." Executives at LeoBurnett, A.T. Kearney, Citicorp,Squibb and Pepsico signed up theircorporations as sponsors. "The vision, " says Davis, "was togive students the responsibility todevelop curriculum, to stand up andfacilitate it, to put faculty in coachingroles, and businessmen as side-by-sideconsultants with students."In one session, the Chicago comedy troupe Second City instructedstudents on the uses of body languageand other "nonverbal dimensions ofcommunication." Other seminars hadstudents pose and solve hypotheticalbusiness problems. Alumni RobertSavard, MA' 62, and Richard Beach,MBA'73, of Beach/Savard Associates,conducted a two-day seminar on communication and presentation skills. Aone-day, "outward-bound"-style program was designed to increase camaraderie, team spirit, and trust.The program concluded with aweekend retreat in Wisconsin, wherestudents reflected on their LEAD experiences. Their reactions, according toDavis, were mostly enthusiastic."It's impossible not to feel thechanges in the school. There is a renewed sense of urgency, commitmentand quality," argued second-yearstudent Elliot Jaffee in Chicago Business, the student newspaper. "The spiritand morale at GSB are clearly bettertoday than they were a year ago."Although the program was derided by a few students and businessjournalists as too "touchy-feely,"Davis notes that major corporationsinvest large sums on similar interpersonal training programs. "I don't thinkthey would invest huge amounts ofmoney if they didn't feel that it wouldbe useful."This spring a new group of students will be selected to assess reactions to LEAD and improve it, for credit, for next year's newcomers. "Wemust be prepared to wipe the boardclean at the end of each LEAD year, "says Davis, "Freedom to explore bringswith it the unavoidable risk of mistakes. We must accept that risk if wewant to retain the life and energy thatare the heart of this program.""We have taken a leadership position in addressing non-academic issues, " adds GSB Dean John Gould."The fact that corporations are actuallylooking to sponsor LEAD in the futuremeans we must be doing somethingright."19Balancing acts: Robert and Barbara Kirschner address a Medical Center symposium.lar, Zimmerman said, need "organizational support from the people practicing medicine in order to rememberthat the rest of life is important, too."A panel of Medical Center researchers and clinicians offered theirown suggestions for maintaining theproper balance between career andfamily. "Surround yourself with mentors—and this isn't always easy— whoare supportive of your individual development and see it in the frameworkof a family and marriage, " said RobertKirschner, a clinical associate in pathology and deputy medical examinerfor Cook County. Kirschner, whoshared a spot on the panel with hiswife, Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine Barbara Kirschner, also remindedhis listeners to "be sure your time atwork is spent in activities that willenhance your c.v."Alternative AIDS Figures: By surveying 1,500 people nationwide, asking ifthey personally know anyone who hasacquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS), Edward Laumann, dean ofSocial Sciences, has challenged AIDSdata produced by the federal Centersfor Disease Control. In particular, Laumann and his colleagues at the University argue that the government may beoverstating the impact of AIDS on blacksand on East Coast residents, whileunderstating the disease's impact onwhile, middle-class Americans.According to Laumann's survey(conducted by the National Opinion Research Group), about 14 percent ofAIDS cases are among black people —in contrast, the Centers' estimate is 27percent. Federal statistics show 37percent of reported AIDS cases are inthe Eastern U.S., but Laumann's survey found that only one in five peoplewho know someone with AIDS lives inthat region. And while the Centers'figures indicate that only 8 percent ofthe nation's AIDS cases occur in theMidwest, Laumann's survey suggeststhat it should be 14 percent.Global Role Playing: More than 550high school students, representing 38schools in ten states, attended theUniversity's second annual ModelUnited Nations conference in lateJanuary. Held at Chicago's PalmerHouse, the event was organized andrun by a group of 60 U of C students.The next month, the University'sModel United Nations team, representing the People's Republic of China, was one of five teams to win anOutstanding Delegation award at theHarvard Model United Nations conference. The Harvard conference is thelargest in the world, with 2,000 students from 90 colleges and universitiesin North America and Western Europeparticipating.First in His Class: When second-yearLaw School student Mark Lewissigned up for a course in "AdmiraltyLaw, " he was hoping for a favorablestudent:teacher ratio. "I figured it was going to be small. That's one of thereasons I took the class, " Lewis toldthe Law School's student newspaper,the Phoenix. "But I didn't think itwould be this small."Lewis spent the winter quarter asthe only student in the seminar taughtby Jo Desha Lucas, the Arnold I. Shureprofessor in the Law School, doingmore class preparation and less note-taking. ("When the professor is talkingdirectly to you, it's hard to pull away")His only worry: just how much privacythe school's blind grading policywould provide when it came time topost the admiralty law grade.Visiting VoicesAmong the special guests on thequads over the past few months: Civilrights activist Julian Bond narrator ofThe Eyes on the Prize, who spoke Jan.10 on "Martin Luther King, Jr: Marching Toward Heroism" for the JohnM. Olin Center for Inquiry into theTheory and Practice of Democracy;two weeks later, the Olin Center presented David Eisenhower on "DwightD. Eisenhower at 100 Years, " and inFebruary, arms negotiator Paul H.Nitze spoke on "Truman as Hero inAmerican Mythology."Clarence Page, Pulitzer-prize winning writer for the Chicago Tribune, waskeynote speaker at a memorial servicefor Dr. Martin Luthur King, Jr., Jan.15 in Rockefeller Chapel. As part ofBlack/ African- American HistoryMonth in February, the Organizationof Black Students presented talks byauthor Anthony Browder, founderand director of the Karmic Institute inWashington, D.C., and Amiri Baraka(formerly Leroi Jones), playwright andeditor of The Black Nation.The Oriental Institute presented atalk Jan. 22 by Abraham Kaplan, professor emeritus at Haifa University, on"Ethical Issues in Classical Judaism."On Feb. 22, the Law School and CriticalInquiry sponsored a lecture by DukeProfessor of Law Stanley Fish, entitled"The Law Wishes to Have a FormalExistence." A campus visit Feb. 13 byJennifer Casolo, a church worker whowas arrested in El Salvador on suspicion of collaborating with rebels andlater released, was sponsored byCAUSE, a campus group opposed toU.S. intervention in Central America.20 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990ReconstructingSHAKESPEARENearly four centuries after he wrotehis last play, Shakespeare is a hot subject inliterary criticism. Recent theories, fromdeconstruction to the new historicism, haveproduced new readings of the Bard andhis works — and new questions.By David BevingtonT^H S HENRY V A PATRIOT^^B king or a warmonger?^^H In the final scene of TheI Taming of the Shrew, is^^H Kate (a) sincere in tell-H ing the other wives thatH H "Thy husband is thy^^^^^^^^^^ lord, thy life, thy keep-^^^^^^^^^^ er, / Thy head, thy sovereign," (b) saying this ironically because she understands that she has toplay the role Petruchio has assignedDavid Bevington is the Phyllis Fay HortonProfessor in Humanities at the University. Apast president of the Shakespeare Associationof America, he is editor of a 29-volume paperback edition of the complete works of Shakespeare, published by Bantam Books in 1988. her, namely that of the happily submissive wife, or (c) saying this as anautomaton who has been successfullybrainwashed?In the final scene of Measure for Measure, does Isabella's silence mean thatshe (a) assents to the Duke's proposal ofmarriage, or (b) marches offstage, leaving him to find some other partner? IsCaliban, in the conclusion to The Tempest, a happy subject once again underProspero's benign rule, or (2) the victimof a colonialism which Shakespeare,with his usual brilliance, portrayedin his drama before it had happenedhistorically?Is there any way of knowing whatShakespeare wanted us to think aboutthese and a myriad other issues?21THE 1970s AND1980s have beenyears of explosivechange in literarycriticism. For a time,it seemed, everyyear saw the rise to prominence of some new criticalmethod: the new histori-cism, feminism, deconstruc-tion, psychoanalytic criticism, speech-act theory,meta-theatrical criticism,and still more. (Not to mention myth criticism, structuralism, etc., of earlieryears.) The revolution hasbeen so swift-moving that ithas engendered a predictable reaction,as for instance in Frederick Crews'sanimadversions against a critical "bulimia" that hungers incessantly for newtheories of interpretation only to gorgeon them in rapid succession and thenheave the residue over the side.Novelty is so much in fashion thatgraduate students, warily eyeing themeteoric careers of those who have become famous (and wealthy, comparatively speaking) by riding the crest ofone new wave or other, seek to resolvetheir own critical identity crises beforethey are left behind. Careerism has become an obsession of the profession,bespeaking a strange new world where,to some observers at least, criticism hasarrogated to itself a greater centralitythan the literature it nominally seeks toelucidate.Today, new interpretations are emerging with less frequency; we seem tobe in a period of stock-taking. How arewe to size up these interpretive methods, and how has Shakespeare survived the intense critical scrutiny of thelast two decades?I choose Shakespeare partly because I teach and write about him, butalso because Shakespeare is a toweringpresence in this world of criticalchange. Literary theory turns naturallyto literary masterpieces through whichto test its propositions, with the curiousresult that recent critical theory, for allShakespeare is a touchstone ofmodern criticism. One maywonder if he would recognize hisown plays and poems in what issaid about them — which doesn'tinvalidate the enterprise.its spirited insistence on revolutionizing the literary canon to include newconcerns (changes in gender relationsand roles, the Third World, neo-imperialism, etc.), is increasinglydrawn also to the canonized "greatbooks" of Western tradition.An interesting test of "greatness"today, in fact, is the extent to which agiven work or opus can respond informatively to new questions and perspectives. Shakespeare, I am gratifiedto report, scores brilliantly in this regard. Look at Shakespeare with feminist or deconstructive eyes and the result is often illuminating. Perhaps wesee here a new demonstration of Shakespeare's universality, a new way of looking at Matthew Arnold's notion of"touchstones."Shakespeare is a touchstone ofmodern criticism. One may wonder attimes if he himself would recognize hisown plays and poems in what is saidabout them, but that doesn't necessarily invalidate the enterprise. If we'velearned anything in the last twentyyears, it's that criticism enjoys an intrinsic life of its own in which the literarywork changes and grows as we ask newquestions of it. Criticism creates its ownvalidity and need not depend solely onwhether the author himself would haveagreed with what is said about hiswork.We might begin by asking, Who or what is Shakespeare anyway? The question, stunningat first in its apparent simple-mindedness (Shakespeare isShakespeare), takes on complex dimensions in light ofMichel Foucault's now-famous essay, "What Is anAuthor?" An author is in partwhat we take him to be— notan unchanging, stable entitybut a fiction that we constructout of our reading andinterpretation.As Richard Wheelerasks, "Does the Shakespearethat any one critic posits—explicitly or implicitly—reflect anything more than that critic'stheoretical or personal need to findsuch a Shakespeare?" The very term"author" is, in Foucault's words, "afunction of discourse." We can discover not one Shakespeare but many, potentially as many as there have beenreaders.On a biographical level, this indeterminacy of identity manifests itself inthe authorship controversy: Were theplays by Shakespeare, or Oxford, orMarlowe, or Bacon, or someone else? Iam on record elsewhere as seeing nomerit in the arguments against Shakespeare's own authorship of the playsand poems, but the tenacity of the argument in favor of another candidate issurely evidence that "Shakespeare"means something very different to different readers.Similarly, we can contrast theShakespeare of Leo Tolstoy and WilliamHazlitt (both of whom regarded Shakespeare, however talented, as royalistand antidemocratic) with the Shakespeare of Ian Kott, who seeks to enlistShakespeare in the cause of deploringthe violence and oppression of ourpost-modern world (especially in Kott'sown iron-curtained terrain of EasternEurope). And there are more Shake-speares still. Is our Shakespeare onewho satirizes male chauvinism in TheTaming of the Shrew, as some feminists insist, or was he coopted by the patriar-22 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990chalism of his own day? Insuch contrasting views lies avast range as to what " Shakespeare" can mean to onereader or another.If the concept of "Shakespeare" is thus plural andopen to interpretation, so byextention is the text— or thetexts. Again, there are potentially as many texts as thereare readers.Even if we still read andcompare our responses toShakespeare's writings witha view to clarifying our comprehension, the last two decades have made plain to usthat validity in interpretation is afraught topic . To declare "the meaning"of a poem or a play is to cut oneself offfrom the rich variety of experience encoded in the history of criticism. Onecan stop short of endorsing the more extreme claims of some deconstructivecritics and still find important insight inthe idea that language is a system of difference in which the signifiers are ultimately arbitrary; "meaning" and "intention" are impossible to fix preciselyand for all time.Textual studies of Shakespeare arein a state of ferment currently becausewe have become aware of how hard it isto say what Shakespeare actually wroteor "intended" as his final version. Thesurviving texts potentially representsuch different stages of composition(first draft, transcribed finished copy)and of theatrical presentation (rehearsal, opening performance, revival someyears later) that it is sometimes impossible to assimilate them into one textthat is supposed to represent King Lear,say, or Hamlet.Do we want to read these plays intexts based on the author's own papers(though interfered with subsequentlyby transcribers and printers) or in versions to which actors' rehearsals andperformances may have contributed,with or without the dramatist's participation? Where this controversy will settle down is anybody's guess, but at least Women are consistentlymarginalized in Shakespeare'shistorical plays; they take littlepart in political conflict except asvictims. Ifet they offer aperspective born of tenderness.we can say we are better off knowing,with critics such as Gary Taylor andMichael Warren, how intricate theproblem is.N APPROACH THAThas left a particularly lasting impression on myreading and teaching ofShakespeare is one thatcan be broadly labeled asfeminist and psychoanalytic. (See theselected reading list for works by LisaJardine, Carol Neely, Peter Erickson,Meredith Skura, Marianne Novy,Coppelia Kahn, and Juliet Dusinberre,among others I could name.) The focushere is on the family in Shakespeare, onthe negotiations between the sexes overlove and marriage, on conflicts of ambition between fathers and sons, on thedifficulties fathers face in giving uptheir daughters to young men, on confronting death.Critics of this persuasion owe a considerable debt to the cultural anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss, whoanatomizes the ways in which men, asfathers and husbands, control thetransfer of women from one family toanother in an "exogamous" marriagesystem designed to strengthen tiesamong men. We see patriarchal structures everywhere in Shakespeare'splays: in Capulet's hopes to marry hisdaughter Juliet to Count Paris in Romeo and Juliet, in Brabantio's rageover his daughter Desde-mona's elopement with ablack general in Othello, inEgeus's insistence that hisdaughter Hermia marry Demetrius rather than Lysanderin A Midsummer Night's Dream,and so on.Leonato, in Much Adoabout Nothing, is shamed andhorrified by the apparentrevelation that his daughterHero has been sexually promiscuous on the eve of her intended wedding to Claudio;a father's function in thebusiness of exogamous marriage is to guarantee to the prospectivehusband the intact virginity of thebride-to-be, and Leonato fears that hemay have vouched for used merchandise. Without chastity, a well-bornwoman's value in the marriage marketis nil, as Polonius and Laertes warnOphelia in Hamlet.Men thus preside over the businessof courtship and marriage. They are often the victors in a game of conquest.Petruchio tames Kate in The Taming of theShrew, posing for modern audiences aproblem in knowing what to make ofthe apparent sexism of this subjugationof the woman in marriage. Duke Theseus in A Midsummer Night's Dream takesas his wife the Amazonian warrior-queen, Hippolyta, whom he has overcome in battle, while Oberon, King ofthe fairies, teaches his queen, Titania, alesson in obedience by subjecting her toa state of infatuated doting over a foolish mortal (Bottom) decked out in ass'sears.Women are consistently marginalized in Shakespeare's plays about English, Roman, and Greek history; theytake little part in political conflict exceptas victims, though they do offer an important alternative perspective born oftenderness and affection. Hotspur, in 1Henry IV, tells his lively wife Kate thathe has no time "to play with mammetsand to tilt with lips" and marches off tohis own destruction. Brutus similarlySHAKESPEARE• Revealed -The following works, all referred to in the essay,are David Bevington's suggestions for a readinglist on "Reconstructing Shakespeare."Who is Shakespeare?Frederick Crews, "Critical Grounds andCritical Quicksand, "a public lecturedelivered by Crews as the Frederic IvesCarpenter Visiting Professor, Department of English, University of Chicago,November, 1985.Michel Foucault, "What Is an Author?"Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: SelectedEssays and Interviews, ed. Donald F. Bouchard. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,1977, pp. 113-38.William Hazlitt, Characters of Shakespeare'sPlays. London: Reynell, 1817.JanKott, Shakespeare Our Contemporary,trans. Bolesaw Taborski. New York: Norton, 1974. First published 1964.Richard P. Wheeler, Shakespeare's Development and the Problem Comedies: Turn andCounter-Turn. Berkeley: University ofCalifornia Press, 1981.Feminist and Psychoanalytical ReadingsJuliet Dusinberre, Shakespeare and theNature of Women. London: Macmillan,1975.Peter Erickson, Patriarchal Structures inShakespeare's Drama. Berkeley: Universityof California Press, 1985.Sigmund Freud, Sexuality and the Psychology of Love. New York: Collier, 1963. Luce Irigaray, Ce sexe qui n'en est pas un (ThisSex Which Is Not One), tr. Catherine Porter.Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977.Lisa Jardine, Still Harping on Daughters:Women and Drama in the Age of Shakespeare.Sussex: Harvester, 1983; New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.Man and superman: David Bevingtonwears his passion on his chest.Coppelia Kahn, Man's Estate: MasculineIdentity in Shakespeare. Berkeley: Universityof California Press, 1981.Claude Levi-Strauss, The Elementary Structures of Kinship. Boston: Beacon, 1969. Firstpublished in French in 1949.Carol Thomas Neely, Broken Nuptials inShakespeare's Plays. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985. Marianne L. Novy, Love's Argument: GenderRelations in Shakespeare. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984.Meredith Anne Skura, The Literary Use ofthe Psychoanalytic Process. New Haven: YaleUniversity Press, 1981 .Basic Studies inPsychoanalysisErik Erikson, Childhood and Selfhood. 1978.Karen Homey, Neurosis and Human Growth:The Struggle Toward Self -Realization. NewYork: Norton, 1950.Jacques Lacan, Ecrits, trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Norton, 1977.Textual TheoryGary Taylor and Michael Warren, eds. TheDivision of the Kingdoms: Shakespeare's TwoVersions of "King Lear. " Oxford UniversityPress, 1983.The New HistoricismClifford Geertz, Negara: The Theatre State inNineteenth-Century Bali. Princeton University Press, 1980.Stephen Greenblatt, Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare. University of Chicago Press, 1980; and Shakespearean Negotiations. Berkeley: Universityof California Press, 1988.Richard Strier, "Faithful Servants: Shakespeare's Praise of Disobedience," in TheHistorical Renaissance, eds. Heather Du-brow and Richard Strier. University ofChicago Press, 1988.cannot listen to the counsel of his noblewife Portia in Julius Caesar, while Hectorfatally disregards the warnings of hiswife and sister in Troilus and Cressida.Is Shakespeare sexist in his portrayal of male-female relations? Recent criticism has not been able to settle the issue, but certainly has brought it intofocus. It helps us see how Shakespeareboth inherits a strongly patriarchal setof assumptions from his own social milieu and at the same time works toward the mutual if combative affection wefind in Beatrice and Benedick in MuchAdo or Rosalind and Orlando in As YouLike It.Men in Shakespeare often pay a terrible price for their patriarchal obsessions. Here, recent feminist and psychoanalytical theory has made gooduse of Freud's analysis of what he callsthe most persistent and common formof degradation in erotic life: the maleimpulse to regard women ambivalently as both saints and whores.Othello offers a particularly graphic instance. At first he idealizes Desde-mona, vesting entirely his own well-being and sense of self in her andparticipating fully in something onlyrarely seen in Shakespeare— a happymarriage. Yet, under the promptings ofIago, Othello comes to regard thesource of all his contentment as a terrifying betrayer, a wanton who repudiates his sense of manhood by choosing24 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990other lovers in his stead.Because the chargesagainst Desdemona are untrue, we are obliged to askhow Othello could be at onceso vulnerable and so gullibleas to destroy his own happiness. Iago is of course a consummate villain in temptingOthello to think evil of Desdemona, but the primaryblame must rest (as Othelloacknowledges) with himself.Something deep in him mistrusts women and fears hisown inadequacy as lover.The self -hatred and loathing of sexuality are, moreover, evident in the Sonnets and inmany of Shakespeare's tragedies: inHamlet's "frailty, thy name is woman";in King Lear's mad perception that thefemale anatomy below the waist "is allthe fiend's"; in Macbeth 's surrender ofwill to a wife who can "unsex" herself toprepare for the murder of Duncan andcan prompt her husband to commit thecrime as a way of demonstrating to herhis manhood . Only in Antony and Cleopatra do we find a male who can affirm alasting vision of himself as lover, andeven here Antony's worldly career isdestroyed in the bargain.Feminist and psychoanalytic criticism also has some insightful things tosay about fathers and daughters in thelate plays, from Brabantio and Lear toPericles, Cymbeline, Leontes, and finally Prospero in The Tempest, all ofwhom must face, with varying degreesof inner conflict, the prospect of theirdaughters' marriages. The criticalmethod made possible by Freud, La-cah, Karen Horney, Erik Erikson, andfeminist theorists like Luce Irigaray offers a powerful means of analyzing theconflicts through which we can traceShakespeare's own evolving understanding of life's critical transitions.The Other School of recent criticismthat has meant a lot to me is the so-called new historicism, or its Britishcousin, cultural materialism. Althoughthe boundary between the new and old-Textual studies of Shakespeareare in a state of ferment currentlybecause we have become awareof how hard it is to say what necessity— in the ethics ofwarfare, in the outwitting ofpolitical adversaries, mostof all in fashioning one's image as ruler. Self-fashioningis essential to political survival, as Stephen Greenblattshows.Shakespeare actually wrote orintended' ' as his final versioner historical method is hard to draw, thenew is distinguishable by its insistencethat a poem or play should not be regarded as a self-contained entitycreated by the autonomous artist inwhich we can see reflected the historical milieu; instead, the art work is itselfcaught up in and contributory to the social practices of its time, with the resultthat it is shot through with multiple andcontradictory discourses.In particular, new historicism is fascinated by ways in which power isgenerated and manipulated throughessentially theatrical ceremonies of stagecraft. Taking Clifford Geertz's workas an anthropological model, new his-toricists explore ways of looking at therelationship between historical changeand the myths generated to create andto retain power. Myths and ceremoniescan in effect become self-fulfilling.Accordingly, one can look at Shakespeare's presentation of Prince Hal'srise to become King Henry V not asglorifying the English monarchy andthe Tudor worldview but rather as astudy of myth-making. Hal's successcapitalizes on many qualities he absorbs from the models close to him: hisfather's political sagacity, Hotspur'spersonal courage and charisma, Fal-staff's ironic perspective and comicvitality. To analyze the making of a successful politician-king is to acknowledge all sorts of compromises with HE RESULTINGironic view of political manipulation isone that accordswell with the 1970sand 1980s, and is indeed born of our own post-Vietnam experience, and yetit seems genuinely responsive to the plays themselves. It raisesimportant issues of containment andsubversion, for the plays are filled withtest cases of obedience to questionableauthority. To restate my University ofChicago colleague Richard Strier's intriguing question, how much of an argument does Shakespeare make fordisobedience?What are the consequences of oursympathizing with those in King Lear,like the Duke of Kent, who refuse toobey unacceptable commands in thename of a higher moral responsibility?Is Shakespeare's portrayal of subversion contained in a dramatic fiction insuch a way as to allow an audience towork out its feelings in the playhouseand thereby protect the state from pressures that might otherwise threaten it?This is Greenblatt's "containment"theory.Or do Shakespeare and other Renaissance dramatists undermine assumptions of hierarchy and therebyserve to increase skepticism and pressure for change? What, in other words,is the role of art in a changing society?To ask the question is to see onceagain how Shakespeare's universalitymakes him such a useful and vital textfor the kinds of exploration undertakenin the critical movements of the 1970sand 1980s. So far, it seems, Shakespeareis in no danger of being left behind inour post-modern world. S25Aymara women harvest anabundant crop of potatoes,rinsing them in waters thatflow through irrigationcanals designed and builtby Tiwanaku engineers amillennium ago. ALAN KOLATA RETURNED TO CHICA-go from Bolivia in late March, bearing goldhe'd acquired as a leader in the excavationof a vast and ancient civilization knownas Tiwanaku.Unlike the Spanish armies who in the1500s ransacked Tiwanaku's sacred temples in search of the city's legendary riches,Kolata, an associate professor of anthropology, came by his gold honestly. It waspresented in the form of a medal given byBolivia's Minister of Education and Cultureat the National Academy of Science in LaPaz. The medal honored Kolata 's archaeological work in Tiwanaku— and it was an occasion that, only a dozen years ago, neitherKolata nor the Bolivian government couldhave forseen.Fresh from Harvard, with a doctoral degree in anthropology and practical experience on digs in Peru's ancient city of ChanChan, Kolata arrived in Bolivia in 1978 witha small grant from the Tesoro PetroleumCorporation and bounding youthful confidence. However, the Institute's director atthat time, Carlos Ponce, was "well-knownBy Tim Obermiller :.-.- .¦ ¦ ¦¦¦'¦.¦¦iI IMTVEPCTTV r\C;.'-,';W - ¦ ¦-Before the Incas^another great empireruled the Andes. For centuries, the rise and fall of theTiwanaku was the stuff of legend. Today, anthropologistAlan Kolata is turning legend into history.for being very adamant that Bolivian archaeology ought to be for Bolivians,"Kolata explains, " and not without somejustification."Even disregarding the Spanish,there was a long record of foreign abuseat Tiwanaku— pronounced tee-wah-NAH-koo— located between two Andean mountain chains in Bolivia's vastAltiplano (High Plateau). In the 1890s, aBritish construction company, contracted to build a railroad from La Paz toPeru, went so far as to dynamite templestoneworks to turn them into gravel forroadbeds. And turn-of-the-century foreign archaeologists had "removed"—the Bolivians would say "stolen"—several irreplaceable artifacts from Tiwanaku for American and Europeancollections."Ponce didn't want Bolivia to experience what he perceived as academicimperialism— the feeling that NorthAmerican archaeologists were cominginto Latin American countries and 'ripping off the artifacts and data," saysKolata. The Bolivians had no reason tosuppose that Kolata was cut from a different cloth.With an optimism that amazed evenhis closest friends, Kolata set aboutdreaming up a project he could work onwithout offending his Bolivian counterparts. He noted that Carlos Ponce— inexcavations that the Bolivian archeolo-gist led in the early 1960s— had shownthat the city of Tiwanaku had grownfrom a small village along the southernshore of Lake Titicaca to become a major urban center in the early centuries ofthe first millennium.Once that was established, says Kolata, the obvious question was, "Howwas this large population supportingitself in a desolate area where a smallgroup of Aymara Indians now lived onthe brink of poverty?"Kolata was intrigued by aerial photos of the area surrounding the Tiwanaku site. The photos showed a corrugated pattern of rectangular wrinklesacross the broad pampa that slopesgradually into Lake Titicaca. AlthoughBolivian archaeologists reserved exclusive rights to excavate in the "ceremonial core" at the heart of the city, where Ti-wanaku's major temples and pyramidshad been constructed, they allowedKolata to freely examine the acres ofmarshy pastureland where the patternof wrinkles lay. Kolata began to excavate somefields about ten kilometers north of Tiwanaku. "Because it was considered amarginal project, we didn't have a lot offunding." However, in his first stroke ofluck, Kolata was befriended by a youngBolivian archaeologist, Oswaldo Rivera, who was also curious about thestrange Crosshatch patterns on thelandscape and had asked for permission to team up with the Americanresearcher.Rivera's company, as well as hisskill, was welcome on the desolate Altiplano, where the winds blast with theimmediacy of an approaching freighttrain, temperatures drop below freezing at night, and the high altitudes(13,000 feet) make the uninitiated feelforever out of breath. At night, Riveraand Kolata shared the dirt floor of a tinyadobe hut where they often were wakened by rats scampering over their cold,weary bodies.Their spirits were buoyed, however, by the daily results of their dig,which was gradually revealing theframework of an ingenious agriculturalsystem that once fed millions. TheAymara farmers insisted, "Our grandfathers never planted here. Thingswould rot. It's only good for pasture-land." Yet Kolata and Rivera knew theywere on to something when their excavation work revealed that "these cross-hatched furrows formed a vast series ofdrainage and irrigation canals."KOLATA ESTIMATES THAT TObuild the 400 square miles ofraised fields surrounding LakeTiticaca required human labor on ascale even greater than the task of building Egypt's pyramids.Huge terraces or planting platforms—two or three hundred meters long andabout one-and-a-half meters high— aresurrounded by irrigation canals— eachfour to five meters wide— which areconnected with springs and aqueductsthat brought fresh water down from themountains.The soil to elevate the raised fieldscame from digging the canals. This dirtwas laid on top of strata of cobblestones,clay (to prevent the salty lake water fromseeping into the top soil), gravel, andsand (to promote drainage).Temperatures in the region lowerdramatically at night as the sun dropsbelow the high Andean mountain range, "yet because of the intense solarradiation at this altitude, " says Kolata,"the Tiwanaku irrigation canals absorbed a lot of heat during the day"—heat that was slowly released into theair on cold nights, warding off froststhat could damage crops.The hydraulic system also neatlysolved problems created by the region'serratic rainfall. In the wet season, whenrains are often unpredictably heavy, thesystem drained off excess water thatcould ruin crops. In the dry season, itdistributed water from springs andrivers to fields where the water tablewas low.A testament to the skill of Tiwanaku 's engineers, the main drainagecanals, lined with cut stone, had beenconstructed to avert hydraulic "jumps"—high waves caused by fast-flowingwater which can destroy canals unlesstheir shape and slope are perfectlycalculated.Subsisting on meager grants,Rivera and Kolata continued their excavation work through 1982, "when wedecided the next logical step was to actually rehabilitate some of these fields,get them running again, to find out howthey work and how productive theywere." The task would require morefunding, as well as support from the Bolivian government, but a series of military coups starting in 1979 had thrownthe country into chaos. "At one point,"Kolata recalls, "we had three presidentsin 24 hours.""We would start dealing with oneminister, and two months later it was adifferent minister who had no ideawhat we were talking about, " says LupeAndrade— a television journalist andadviser to Bolivia's current presidentJaime Paz Zamora— who met Kolata in1979 and later became an avid supporter of his work. "It was like a LatinAmerican version of Catch-22," sherecalls.Kolata was determined to wait outthe governmental chaos. Even after hisappointment to the faculty at the University of Illinois, Chicago, in 1984 (Kolata joined the University of Chicago'santhropology department three yearslater), he returned to Bolivia every year"to maintain my contacts, to buildtrust.""A lot of people ask me why I persisted, butl was always optimistic. I justfell in love with the country, its people—28 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/RPRING 1990Targeting hey areas of Tiwanaku forexcavation, Kolata and his team hope to assemble a"day in the life" of its vast empire. "This is the lastgreat capital of theancient Americas to beexplored," he says. "It'sa lifelong project." With aerial maps, AlanKolata (at left and injacket below) plans hisstrategy for excavatingremains of what was oncethe most powerful cityin South America.and the promise of the archaeology wasjust too fabulous to let go. You have toappreciate the value of patience ifyou're going to work in Bolivia."While Kolata patiently waited,years of governmental instability andcorruption had weakened Bolivia'seconomy to the point where, in 1985, inflation had reached an incredible 14,000percent. That year, Bolivians demanded new elections and chose VictorPaz Estenssoro— running on a platformof austere, stable government— as theirpresident. In 1987, with support fromthis new government and from theInter- America Foundation (a U.S. federal agency), Kolata and Rivera persuaded a skeptical group of Aymarafarmers to redig canals and till theraised fields which their ancestors hadlikely built more than 1,000 years ago.Potatoes, thought to have been astable of the Tiwanaku diet, were planted, as well as European crops such aswheat and a native grain, quinoa, that'shigh in protein and tolerant of the intense ultraviolet radiation levels typicalat higher elevations. Come harvest, thewisdom of the Tiwanaku farmers borespectacular yields: an average of 17metric tons per acre, seven times thenational average.Kolata vividly recalls staring downfrom a mountain slope across the vastplains that extend to Lake Titicaca. "Icould see our fields, a beautiful green,and next to them this seared, burnt-outlandscape with a few cows aimlesslygrazing." The contrast was not lost onthe region's native farmers, who, during a three-day frost, had lost 80 to 90percent of their own crops, raised in themodern style of unirrigated hillsideplots.Three seasons later, some 1,200Aymaras in eight communities aroundthe lake are using the Tiwanaku method to grow crops on approximately 250acres of raised fields, while the Bolivian2"Before and after: the Uruchifamily opens canals to letin waters that will turn theirbarren land into greenfields. Their harvests yieldup to seven times thenational average.government has expressed interestedin funding an expansion of the projectacross the Altiplano.For Kolata, the success of the fieldsoffered initial proof that "this agricultural system was a principal source ofeconomic power" in Tiwanaku society—a system that could feed an empirewhile freeing thousands of city dwellers to develop skills as engineers, scientists, artisans, and managers. On thefoundation of this system, Tiwanakuhad grown from a small village to themost powerful and influential city inSouth America— the capital of an empire which dominated an Andean areaas large as California, with a populationof hundreds of thousands.After their stunning success in renovating Tiwanaku 's fields, Rivera wasnamed director of Bolivia's Institute ofArcheaology, while Kolata was giventhe Institute's blessings in forming hisown Tiwanaku Archaeological Project—a plan designed to thoroughly ex-acavate Tiwanaku, where so far onlyless than half of one percent of the city'ssix square kilometer area has beenuncovered."This is the last great capital of theancient Americas that's never been explored systematically," says Kolata,"and now we're finally doing it."TIWANAKU HAS ALWAYS BEENa potent mythical symbol inSouth America, according toLupe Andrade, but most of what wasknown about it was "myth, romanticism, and hearsay." Even prior to excavation, monoliths of stone— as tall as 20feet and roughly shaped like men-were visible at the site, adding to the image of Tiwanaku as "this unexplain-able, mysterious, kind of unearthlyplace," says Andrade. "There was onearchaeologist who came up with a theory that Tiwanaku was built before theBiblical flood 300,000 years ago by God The Aymara farmers^ argued, "Our grandfathers never)riHnjin planted here. Things would rot."Three seasons later, some 1,200 Aymaras in eightcommunities are using the Tiwanaku method togrow potatoes, winter wheat— even strawberries.UNIVERSITY OFTHifACn MAr:A7iMcicDuiMr. iqqqknows who ... all very romantic andvery unscientific."The power of Tiwanaku's mystiquewas used three centuries after its decline to provide credibility for the newlyemerged Inca civilization. In the 1430s,the Incas' founding ruler, PachaquteqInca Ypanqui, made the conquest of theformer empire— now divided amongsmaller warring kingdoms— his first order of business. After accomplishingthis task, Ypanqui personally visitedthe Tiwanaku ruins and then orderedthat his own royal capital, Cuzco, be remodeled on the lines of Tiwanaku. TheIncas even imported descendants ofthe Tiwanaku stonemasons to work inCuzco and the sacred city of ManchuPicchu, both in neighboring Peru."In many ways," says Kolata, "Ithink of this as an analogy in terms ofRome and Greece, with Rome lookingback to the cultural achievements ofGreece and to their legitimacy as a synthesizer of ancient Mediterraneanclassical civilization."In the two centuries before it fell toSpanish conquerors, the Inca empireoutstripped Tiwanaku in Size— but notin sophistication, says Kolata. Apparently unaware of the Tiwanaku'sraised-field method of agriculture, theIncas developed their own, less productive, method of mountainside terracing. Even many of the famous Incahighways were in actuality the work ofTiwanaku's brilliant engineers. "Interms of dominating rock and water, Idon't think any ancient civilization didit better than the Tiwanaku."Tiwanaku was unusual in other respects. "It is one of the world's few pristine, or primary civilizations— that is,places where elaborate cultures arosewithout a heavy dependence on, or influence by, a civilization that existedpreviously, " says Geoffrey Conrad, director of Indiana University's Museumof World Cultures and an authority onAndean civilizations.In contrast to "pristine" Old Worldcultures such as China and Mesopotamia, Tiwanaku never developed wheeled transportation or a system of writing. "There are all these ways in which itdoesn't fit, and yet clearly it qualifies byany definition of civilization you mightwanttouse," saysConrad. "Soif you'reever going to understand the rise of civilization—the phenomenon of civilization itself— you've got to understand Tiwanaku. It's crucial."Kolata agrees: "Everyone said itwas a very impressive, very importantsite— it's the most distinctive of theAmerican civilizations. Yet up to now,no one had really investigated the everyday aspects of the settlement."Because Tiwanaku was a non-literate society, putting together this"day in the life" of its vast empire is extremely difficult. "Without literatureand documents, they can't tell us whothey were, or even what their nameswere, so we have to learn about themstrictly on the basis of the materials theyused, what they left behind."The Bolivians have been primarilyconcerned with excavating temples andpyramids, says Kolata, both for reasonsof national pride and to promote tourism. As director of the Tiwanaku Archaeological Project, Kolata has begunto shift this emphasis. Although continuing work in the ceremonial core-including excavation of the Akapanapyramid, where evidence of a large human sacrifice was recently uncovered(see page 32)— Kolata is also movingworkers out into the periphery of thecity, "where the real people of Tiwanaku actually lived and worked."Work in those sites has revealed theexistence of at least three social classes.Around the ceremonial core, with itsimposing pyramids, lived the city'selite. There, Kolata's team excavated a"palace structure" that likely belongedto one of these elite personages. About26 meters long and eight meters wide,the palace has a cut-stone foundation,layered in adobe that was painted alternating colors— deep cobalt blue, blue-green and a shocking "day-glo" orange—pigments which were imported fromas far away as southern Peru, "illustrating Tiwanaku's great economic andsocial reach."Although a well was found on thepalace grounds, Kolata noted the absence of a hearth, "indicating thatsomeone was cooking for these people,bringing the food in from somewhereelse." The skeleton of an infant buriedwith gold medallions was also uncovered, "so we know these elites had accessto luxury goods."The elite homes were also providedwith running potable water, brought inby aqueduct and covered stone ducts,and an underground sewer system thatcarried off rain and waste water. The sewer lines, made of closely fitted sandstone slabs, were packed in red clay forwaterproofing."I'm told that the pitch of the sewer[the angle needed to promote drainage]would meet the codes in most of today'scities, " says Kolata, who regards a functioning sewer system as "an importantmark of civilization."Further from the ceremonial core,Kolata's team has found evidence ofa more middle-class existence. "Although they have internal drainagecanals and you find some very finepottery, the adobe on the house isunpainted, the foundation is made ofuncut field stones ... so you see there's adifference in architectural styles, in thelifestyles of the rich and famous,basically.""Finally," says Kolata, "we'retargeting a series of rubble-strewn areason the periphery of the city, where Isuspect that we'll find the householdsof Tiwanaku's third class"— peoplewho were likely the city's labor force. Itis here that Kolata also expects to findevidence of industrial districts, wherecity craftsmen did their metal and ceramic work.ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS ABOUThow Tiwanaku rose to prominence, and its abrupt fall, remainunanswered, although the anthropologist is beginning to piece together someintriguing theories.Kolata cites three Andean ethnicgroups who are likely progenitors ofTiwanaku's civilization: the Aymara,who raised herds of llamas in the highplateaus; the Pukina, associated particularly with agriculture around the lakeedge and the eastern slopes of theAndes; and the Uru, who lived andfished on Lake Titicaca.He theorizes that Tiwanaku became powerful when it concentratedthese three potent resources— past-oralism, agriculture, and fishing— intoa single economy which came togetheras early as 300 B.C.E. Radiocarbondates trace Tiwanaku's pattern of conquest: by 100 A.D. it ruled all its neighboring kingdoms at the south end of thelake; by 400 A.D. it had defeated itsmain rivals, the Pukara people in Peru,and ruled the entire lake basin whilecontinuing to push its boundaries westtowards the Pacific and south towardChile and Argentina.31MYSTERY of the AK APANA"STOP! DON'T TOUCH!" ANAymara workman ordered as a U of Cgraduate student reached out to brushher fingertips against the smooth,cold surface of a statue left centuriesago at the site of what appears to be amassive human sacrifice. The woman—part of a research team led by anthropologist Alan Kolata that is excavating the ancient city of Tiwanaku—asked the workman why not."The statue still has power," heresponded.In the most sensational oftheir Tiwanaku finds, researchers have so far uncovered 27bodies and skulls, mostly ofadult males between the ages of15 to 35, laid out in a cruciformpattern around the base ofTinwanaku's largest monument, the Akapana.Until a team led by Kolatabegan large-scale excavations ofthe site in 1985, archaeologistshad unearthed only a small section of the stonework at the baseof the Akapana pyramid. Covered by a heavy mantle of sediment, the Akapana looked like abarren hill, but excavations underneath revealed a magnificent structure rising in seven staggered levels,or terraces, to a height of more than50 feet."This is the largest single man-made stone structure in the Andeanhighlands in terms of volume andamount of stonework," says Kolata,who speculates that the pyramid mayhave been built to symbolize a sacredmountain. Inside the temple is anelaborate system of water channels,apparently replicating the underground rivers and springs that provided moisture for the Tiwanakan raised-field agricultural system.The size and symbolic power ofthe structure indicate it was "the civicand ceremonial center of the city"—perhaps explaining why the site waschosen for what appears to have beena massive ritualistic sacrifice. "Thepattern of the bodies we've found around the base indicates that potentially several hundred of these peoplewere laid out at a single event, " saysKolata, "and who knows what thatevent might have been?"Adding to the mystery, most of theskeletons found "are missing essential parts"— most commonly skulls, although the entire upper halves ofsome of the bodies had been removed .Yet analysis of the remains by EricWoodward, a graduate student inIncense burners in the shape of pumas:a puma statue at the Akapana provides a cluetothe human sacrifices that occurred there.anthropology and on Kolata's team,found no cut marks on the bones."They are in perfect anatomicalposition," says Kolata, "which meansthat the best guess is that at somepoint these people died or were killed,and they were left exposed for a timeas the flesh was rotting off." Thenthe crania and other body parts wereremoved before the skeletons wereburied in their shallow graves. Radiocarbon dating suggest that the eventoccurred around 600 A.D. when, asKolata says, "Tiwanaku was reachingits apogee, its full power."Although human sacrifice wascommon among the Aztecs of CentralMexico, Kolata notes the find is"somewhat unexpected in the Andean world, " where sacrifices, whenthey occurred, "usually involved onlyone or two children." Some archaeologists have speculated that the bodiesweren't sacrificed— rather, they were mummies that were reburied, possibly after being captured by enemies.Linda Manzanilla, a Mexican archaeologist working on the project, hastheorized that the bodies may bethose of disease victims, placed by thepyramid as a kind of offering.Another event is less open to speculation. In a room on the temple's second terrace, Kolata's team found thebody of a young man apparently sacrificed face down atop a pile of brokenbeer goblets, or keros— fine pieces ofceramic art which appear to have beenpurposefully shattered.Kolata speculates that the sacrifice may have concluded a huge banquet or festival common in Andeancivilizations at that time, inwhich "the ruling elite, the locallords, are obligated to give theseceremonial banquets. Thatlooks to be what's going on herebecause a principal element ofthose ceremonies is the drinking of huge quantities of maizebeer."Also found was a three-foot-high statue (the one Kolata'sstudent was warned not totouch), apparently placed on acolumn at the west temple entrance to commemorate the sacrifices within. The statue, madeof highly polished black basalt,depicts a crouching human figure, wearing a snarling puma maskand holding a human trophy head."We do know there is a pattern ofmaking skulls into trophy heads in theAndes," says Kolata. For example, theIncas used the crania of captive warchiefs as ritual drinking cups, and trophy heads have been recovered fromprevious excavations at Tiwanaku andare represented in the iconography ofclassic Tiwanaku pottery. This practice could explain why the skulls ofmany of the skeletons were missing,and suggests the bodies may havebeen of "enemy warriors, or captivesfrom another ethnic group who werebrought in and sacrificed."To prove this would "require several hundred skeletal samples from allover the area, and that's our eventualintention, " says Kolata, adding "it willprobably take several years of tests andanalysis until we have an idea of whathappened at Akapana."— TO.It is unlikely that the Tiwanakuruled strictly by duress: their agricultural methodsoffered freedom from hunger and their armies offeredprotection from hostile kingdoms and tribes.Evidence suggests that Tiwanaku'sarmy— equipped with star-headed warclubs made of polished stone, bows andarrows, slingshots and spears— was ferocious and determined. ContemporaryTiwanaku artwork depicts warriorsgamely beheading their enemies, andtrophy skulls were proudly displayed.However, Kolata finds it unlikelythat Tiwanaku ruled strictly by duress,since its agricultural methods offeredfreedom from hunger and its armiesprotection from hostile kingdoms andtribes that lurked on the empire's frontiers. That the empire thrived for somany centuries (Tiwanaku was thelongest-lived of all Andean civilizations) is a testament to the relative satisfaction with which its citizens musthave regarded the government."It's my feeling that the Tiwanakuas a powerful state in its mature formwas likely pluri-ethnic and pluri-linguistic," says Kolata, "like the Roman world."By 1000 A.D., it appears the Tiwanaku people had abandoned theirshining city and gone off to the Andeanhills to live in smaller kingdoms, fighting among themselves until they wereunited again by the Incas more than twocenturies later.Kolata is now examining a possibleconnection between this sudden abandonment of the city and the collapse ofTiwanaku's agricultural system.Since arriving in the Altiplano,Kolata has witnessed first-hand the capricious effects of the regions's climate.In 1982, a massive drought forced massmigration of Andean farmers. More leftwhen a huge rainfall flooded Lake Titicaca in 1985. He speculates that a similarly large rise in the lake's level a millennium ago may have caused permanent waterlogging of the soil, rendering theraised fields useless.To test this theory, paleoecologistson Kolata's team from Harvard and theUniversity of Florida are currently examining core samples of lake sedimentto determine the patterns of precipitation during Tiwanaku's history. Thesampling project is expected to take atleast two years."In archaeology, you have to be patient about getting any definitive results, " says Kolata . "Tiwanaku is a situation like the great sites of the NearEast, where German and French expeditions were there for a hundred years,with whole generations of people—that's how complex and important thiscivilization is."Complex, important, and occasionally maddening. "With multiple funding sources, with different collaborating scientists, with field crews of ahundred Aymara workmen, 20 or 30collaborating scientists, ten graduatestudents..."— he takes a moment tocatch his breath."It's a headache trying to get themall fed, housed, and working happilytogether. So administration is a big partof what I do. What I hope is to get to thepoint where it basically runs itself.Then I can spend more time getting myhands dirty in the field, which is mytrue desire.""It's a lifelong project, " says Kolata."Given permission from the centralgovernment, and given the toleranceand support of local communities, Ipersonally would like to continueworking here my entire scholarlycareer.""Although nothing is certain in life,and even less so in Bolivia," Lupe Andrade believes Kolata will be able to continue excavating Tiwanaku as longas he wants."As a foreigner, he has won the respect of the Bolivian government,which is hard," says Andrade, "and ofthe Aymara themselves, which is harder still." She recalls a time when a lessfriendly Bolivian government threatened to shut down Kolata's project. Before the situation was smoothed over,"the Aymara actually wanted to have anarmed uprising to defend Alan.""It's partly because of Alan's workin the raised fields," says Andrade,"and partly because he's conveyed tothem this message: this is your past youare helping to uncover."Kolata describes his relationshipwith the Aymara peasants who populate the Altiplano as "a ritual kinship. Ihave a godchild who is Aymara. Mywife and I just had our first child, andthey're waiting for us to bring her downthis spring so we can baptize her in thechurch of Tiwanaku."Although Aymara workers are involved in highly technical aspects of theexcavation such as mapping, Kolata envisions a long-term project "where thebest and brightest young Aymara are actually trained at a university level in anthropology. It would be ideal for me tosee people of their own cultures interpreting their own culture— I think theirinsights would be better than ours."It's politically astute to do thesekinds of things," Kolata admits, "butit's also right and it feels good."Across a scratchy phone line between Chicago and Bolivia, Lupe Andrade is asked if she has any insightsabout Kolata she'd like to add . "Just thathe's the antithesis of the Ugly American, " she says. "Alan is the most beautiful American I know. " B33Bishop R. Simmons (above)sits outside St. Peter's Templeof Love. The church, now at79th Street and Cottage GroveAvenue, began in 1961 at 63rdand Kimbark. Since then, ithas moved twice. Oppositepage: the exterior of Holy Temple Evangelistic Churchof God in Christ, at 76th andVincennes; the interior ofHope Tabernacle, located at63rd Street and Martin LutherKing, Jr. Drive, in what was asupermarket.34 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990Photographs by Patricia Evans Words by Mary Ruth YoeStreet-corner FaithAlong Chicago's meaner streets, signson churches clearly spell out messagesof hope and salvation. A few stepsaway, storefront churches offer theircommunities a street-level liturgy ofpower and joy. Here's a look inside.Frances Kostarelos was a graduate studentin anthropology, researching her master'sthesis on infant feeding practices andworking in a West Side clinic, when shewas invited to attend a benefit gospel concert. "If you want to know about us, youhave to come to church, " a woman at theclinic told Kostarelos, "because that'swhere we spend our time."Kostarelos, AB'80, AM'81, PhD'89, accepted the invitation,paid her dollar for the concert, and "discovered the storefrontchurch." Interested in urban anthropology and trained in theChicago tradition of symbolic anthropology— i.e., "how a system of ideas shapes and gives meaning to the group, how thoseideas influence the way the group thinks about the universeand gives order to it"— she found in the storefront a vibrantsocial gospel, a power born of religious vision.Again and again, she returned to First Corinthians Missionary Baptist Church, * eventually receiving permission fromthe congregation and its pastor to do an in-depth ethnographyof the church as her doctoral dissertation.Along the way, she met Richard Chrisman, AM'69,PhD'80. Chrisman, director of field education and church relations and lecturer in the Divinity School, had spent four years* "First Corinthians Missionary Baptist Church " is the pseudonymKostarelos used in her dissertation.35as a minister in central Los Angeles, where he was struck by theliturgical power of the storefront churches. Anxious to do acomprehensive documentation of the phenomenon in Chicago,he enlisted Kostarelos, to provide an anthropological narrativethat will parallel his text on the liturgy, and Hyde Park photographer Patricia Evans, to capture the aesthetics of the storefronts. A book and an exhibition are planned. His aim is "to liftup for appreciation the integrity of these communities.""The storefront church is pervasive in the black urban sceneacross the U.S.," Kostarelos points out. "I suspect that there isalso something special about Chicago— a great flowering ofactivity here, a great deal of reliance on the church for community and meaning. Perhaps that is because of the intensity ofracism in the city." In such an atmosphere, she says, the churchbecomes "an actual resistance to the problems, an attempt onthe part of the black community to reach for equality and justice in a world that denies them those things."In its choice of Scriptures and setting, argues Kostarelos,the storefront church reflects a religious vision firmly set inthis lifetime. "The major scriptures invoked are of the prophetswho worked to liberate oppressed people, and of a God whointervenes in human affairs to vindicate an oppressed people.""These churches are about ecstasy," explains Chrisman."Ecstasy is not people rolling on the floor. It's the momentwhen you realize that the negative realities are very real andso are the positive, spiritual ones. It's earned liberation."Although storefronts vary tremendously fromsetting to setting (supermarkets, garages, androwhouses have all been converted into houses ofworship), there are some common visual motifs.Taking a gutted-out storefront and transforming itwith the materials at hand is, Kostarelos says, "a way of pushing back" the inner city's encroaching decay.Churches are kept scrupulously clean, with "a few significant verses from Scripture" often displayed prominently on thewalls. Bright colors, flowers, and provisions for joyful musicreflect the belief that "God is about happiness" and meantto be praised. And there is an underlying etiquette: a way'SfttBnUniformed nurses (above)stand ready to help anymembers of the congregation in need at Hope Tabernacle; the church beganabout 18 months ago. TheBody of Christ FaithMinistries Church is also anew church. From its tiny quarters at 95th Street andHarvard, where a youthchoir (above left) sings onSunday morning, the Rev.Jerinald Powell (belowleft) has started a ministryto the projects at hischurch's door.37X*'-":'¦ iJxcxi r 'i rJ"rTJ:xrciW^^WBiMppMW33 n=pr *Arto walk in, a way to dress, to sit, to move about. "Evensmall children have internalized these, and get throughthree hours of worship without moving" except in theprescribed way.¦ "These churches," Chrisman emphasizes, "are not temples so much as tabernacles— houses for the people of God."Because "human relations in the church should as much aspossible reflect God's intentions," hospitality and warmthare the hallmark of storefront congregations. "If you arewell off— either financially or spiritually— the burden is onyou to reach out to others," says Kostarelos. Even thoughgambling, drugs, alcohol, and other forms of "spiritualindiscretion" are taboo, church members don't shun thosewith such problems.For the members of these churches, says Kostarelos, "Scripture is real, the voice and the word ofGod is real, and faith in the authority of God isunequivocal." Scripture is read "as the basis forsocial action— whether the source is a personal ora wider, socioeconomic problem."Although storefronts are smaller, more entrepreneurial,and often attract lower-income congregations than theirblack-establishment counterparts, the two have common—and deep— roots. "Whatever their feelings may be vis a vis thechurch at present, " Kostarelos says, "blacks are unequivocalabout the vital role that the church has played in dismantling racism and the inequality of social justice."Since 1981, Kostarelos has been a regular participant inthe activities of "First Corinthians," a storefront located inGarfield Park. Founded in 1950, the church began with 18members. Today, the original pastor is still at the helm, with350 members on the rolls. That's a large congregation for astorefront; although the group is slowing adding to its building fund, Kostarelos notes that "in some ways the congregation was better off in the Fifties than now— now there are "The intensity of therelationship with God,"says Richard Chrisman,"is seen in this picture"from Hope Tabernacle(left). The paintings at St.Peter's Temple of Love(above left) are by its bishop, once a steelworkerin the Indiana mills. Scarlet crosses (above right)announce the New LifeAssembly of God Churchat 76th and Vincennes.more unemployed members, more on welfare.""Every Sunday morning," says Kostarelos, "there areeasily 250 people attending the services, and 150 adults andchildren participating in Sunday School before. Plus, thereare programs every day of the week. It's usual for 60 people—from three-year-olds to 70-year-olds— to come to Biblestudy in the evening."Now a visiting professor of anthropology at Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, Kostarelos returns to Chicagoseveral weekends a month for visits to Regenstein Library,"First Corinthians," and another storefront, the ChristianHeritage Training Center.Located at 79th Street and Ellis Avenue, the church isunusual because its pastor is a woman, the Rev. Mary Carr."Storefront churches have traditionally been dominated bymales," says Kostarelos. "Mary, who came up in these kindsof churches, defied that, went off to seminary, got her owndegree, and now has her own church. Among her colleaguesare some men who don't wish to admit her as a colleague."Interested in pursuing the issues of gender, Kostarelos isplanning an ethnography of Carr's church.Kostarelos lost no time introducing Carr to Chrismanand Evans, and two summers ago the youth choir of Carr'schurch held a benefit concert for the documentary effort.When the hat was passed, notes Rick Chrisman with realgratitude, exactly $1,000 was collected. H39ALUMNI CHRONICLEFrom the Alumni Calendar• The cicadas are coming to suburban Chicago, and the University of Chicago Club of Metropolitan Chicago will learn all about their return at a Sunday,May 27, brunch with Monte Lloyd, professor of ecology and evolution and anexpert on periodic cicadas. For information, contact Michael Watson at theAlumni Association, 312/753-2175.• The Honorable Robert Bork, AB'48, JD'53, will be the featured speaker atthe Washington, D.C alumni club's annual dinner on Wednesday, June 6. Bork'stopic: "George Bush, Politics, and the Constitution." Washington area alumniwill receive reservation information in the mail; other alumni interested inattending should contact Danny Frohman at the Alumni Association,312/753-2175.• New York City alumni can attend a U of C night with the Gotham CityImprov Group on Friday, June 22. Call Meg Malloy, 212/713-2212 for details.• The sixth annual International University of Chicago Day will be celebrated on Saturday, September 15 in cities around the country and the world.Changing Our Tune:A Centennial CompetitionAs part of its Centennial celebration in 1991-92, the University willhold a national competition for a newAlma Mater— words and music.Entries in the competition, open toall persons who have had some connection with the University (if a member of your family has a connection,that counts), may be submitted byeither individuals or groups. Thewinning entry will receive a prizeof $2,500.Entries must be suitable for performance by professional and amateurchoral groups, as well as for community singing. The deadline for submitting your entry(ies)— six copies,non-returnable— is February 1, 1991.Judging will be by a five-memberpanel, chaired by Philip Gossett, deanof the Division of the Humanities and the Robert W Reneker DistinguishedService Professor in Music. Edward W.Rosenheim, AB'39, AM'47, PhD'53,the David B. and Clara E. Stern Professor Emeritus and chair of the AlumniCentennial Committee, and three musicians and writers who have been at theUniversity will also serve as judges.For more information, or to submityour entry(ies), write Kineret Jaffe,Director of the Office of the Centennial, The University of Chicago, 5801Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, or call312/702-8885.Chicago's current Alma Materborrowed its tune from one written in1890 for the University of Rochester.The song was first sung by the University Glee Club on the evening of March4, 1894— with lyrics written the nightof the performance. Those lyrics wererevised in 1985 to include referencesto Chicago's daughters as well asher sons. Back to the Quads: Reunion'90Highlights of this year's Reunion,which will be held the weekend ofJune 1-3, include "The UncommonCore," a Saturday afternoon selectionof lectures/discussions by some of theUniversity's stellar faculty; a specialCourt Theatre performance and post-play discussion; President Gray's All-Alumni Reception and Dinner; andthe 80th Annual Interfraternity Sing.Saturday's alumni awards ceremony will be preceded by a Calvacadeof Classes to Rockefeller Chapel.Off-campus highlights includeAlumni Night at Jimmy's (aka theWoodlawn Tap), the 57th Street ArtFair, and a Sunday morning Chicago-skyline cruise— a tour guide will be onhand to point out the city's new andinteresting architectural sights.All alumni are invited to return tocampus for reunion. If you are not amember of a class that ends in 0 or 5,but would like a reunion brochure,please write to the Alumni RelationsOffice, Robie House, 5757 SouthWoodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637,or call 312/753-2175.IUC Day Moves to September 15It's official: the 1990 celebration ofthe annual International University ofChicago Day will be held on Saturday,September 15.University of Chicago alumni,students, entering students, and theirfamilies in cities around the world willhold events ranging from picnics toharbor cruises.Since its start in 1985, IUC Dayhad been celebrated on, or near to,July 24— the birthday of WilliamRainey Harper. The new, post-LaborDay date is timed to coincide with thestart of the new academic year— andto attract participants who may havefound the midsummer date too hot orinconvenient.If you are interested in continuing or starting the IUC Day traditionin your locale— last year, events wereheld in 27 cities around the world-please contact Danny Frohman at theAlumni Association, 312/753-2175.40 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990CLASS NEWS"No news is good news," is one cliche to whichwe do not subscribe at The Magazine. Pleasesend some of your news— whatever it might be—to the Class News Editoi, The University ofChicago Magazine, 5757 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago, IL 60637. No engagements, please. Items maybe edited for space.•1 rj James M. Sellers, AB'17, lives in Lexing-XI ton, MO.-1 Q Corinne E. Allinsmith, PhB'19, of Maple-XS wood, N], is 93 years old and still fairly active in "good causes, " both local and global.r\(\ Ulrich R. Laves, SB'20, SM'25, of Spring-L\j field, MO, is 91 years old. A member of Alpha Sigma Phi and Washington House while atthe University, he would like to hear from otheralumni at (417) 881-8342.Carl S. Lloyd, LLB'20, PhB'26, is 95 years oldand lives in Winnetka, IL.r\ -1 Ann Brewington, PhB '21, MBA'22, of Chu-^ X la Vista, CA, was honored as centenarian ofthe month by the Fredericka Reporter. As part of herbusy career as an educator and author, she taughtat the University's School of Business for over 30years. Upon retirement, she helped develop thebusiness program of the University of Nevada,which named her a Distinguished Nevadan.Ruby K. Worner, SB'21, SM'22, PhD'25, livesin a retirement community in East Peoria, IL.OO Mildred Adams Fenton, SB'22, lives in' ' New Brunswick, NJ.Elizabeth Vilas Loudon, PhB'22, lives withher daughter in San Antonio, TX. She has threechildren, seven grandchildren, and two greatgrandchildren.Helen Weber Mathews, PhB'22, of Schaum-burg, IL, has retired from teaching but is involvedin many other directions.Howard H. Moore, JD'22, is 94 years old andlives in Naples, FL.Dorothy Jane Church Weick, PhB'22, of VeroBeach, FL, writes that she has led an interestingand traveled life as the wife of an aeronauticalengineer.r*\ O Nina Roessler Edwards, PhB'23, lives in La£m\J Grange Park, IL.Amalie Sonneborn Katz, PhB'23, now widowed, lives in a retirement complex in Baltimore,MD. She has three children, 12 grandchildren,and six great-grandchildren.In tribute to the University, Agnes Montgome-rie, PhB'23, BLS'45, writes: "Beloved AlmaMater/ Against whose learned heart,/ Alien, Ileaned, homesick for a Scottish shore. / Silently,thy love flowed in from each gray tower,/ Thenhealing said, 'My daughter, too!'/ Now in myarms, I hold bright heather, And the sunnygoldenrood."Ernest Samuels, PhB'23, JD'26, AM'31,PhD'42, author of Henry Adams, and professoremeritus at Northwestern University, lives inEvanston, IL.f)A Glenna Mode Ball, AB'24. See 1925, Her-Z,rt bert A. Ball.ey f- Herbert A. Ball, SB'25, and Glenna Modei-\J Ball, AB '24, live in a retirement communityin Black Mountain, NC.In his 90th year, Ralph D. Bennett, PhD'25,writes that he continues to be grateful to UnionCollege, where he was guided to attend theUniversity.Helen Ullman Bibas, PhB'25, of Chicago,writes that she still thinks of her Alma Mater withpride and gratitude, remembering the happyyears of college.Clare C. Lyden, PhB'25, is the proud great-grandaunt of Matt Moline, College class of 1992. Jack H. Sloan, SB'25, SM'26, MD'31, retiredfrom his medical practice and now volunteers atthe Michael Reese Hospital Medical Library and atthe Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago.He writes that he still misses his patients.Clifford M. Spencer, PhB'25, is 92 years oldand lives in Birmingham, AL.Beatrice Gale Valentine, X'25, and KimballValentine, PhB '25, are enjoying life in a retirementhome in Sarasota, FL.<^/2 Elinor Nims Brink, PhD'26, of Jackson-ZJFj ville, FL, sings in the Wesley Mann choirand is writing her life history as a supplement to abook about her family.As a member of a retirement village in Me-chanicsburg, PA, Bernice Hartmann Peeling,PhB'26, enjoys being with friends, making daytrips, and reading.Donald J. Sabath, SB'26, and his wife are enjoying their retirement and good health in Chicagoand, when they need to avoid snow, in California.May \. Townsend, PhB'26, has six greatgrandchildren, including a set of identical twins.Louis Winer, PhB'26, was appointed honorary chairman of the board and Chicago areacampaign chairman for the Foundation forConservative/Masorti Judaism in Israel.Harry G. Ziegler, PhB'26, retired, is a financial consultant in Jackson, MI.i"yrj Frances Holt Brewster, PhB '27, of Pleads sant Hill, TN, recently became a great-grandmother.Idress Cash, PhB'27, of Stillwater, OK, celebrated her 96th birthday last year. She is writing abook about her life and her family's pioneering inEastern Indian Territory.Virginia Everett Leland, AM'27, PhD'40,gavea paper on Chaucer to Michigan Academy, contributed to the New Chaucer Society's annual bibliography, and has been asked to write an articlefor the Chaucer Laboratory of Chicago. She livesin Bowling Green, OH.Alfred F. Miller, PhB'27, of Western Springs,IL, has a farm near La Porte, IN.Florence Grauman Murdoch, X'27, retired asadvertising director at Blue Cross-Blue Shield Illinois in order to serve in a public relations positionthere, writing a column that appears in Chicagoarea newspapers.Ruth Holton Sandstrom, SM'27, PhD'32, an"ex-scientist" living in Winter Park, FL, recentlyvisited her family in Connecticut and Michigan.OQ Babette Schoenberg Brody, PhB'28, livesZ—Cj in Chicago.Alice Kastle Brown, PhB'28, lives in Sun City,AZ.With no interest in retirement, Dan D.Heninger, SB '28, is an independent petroleumgeologist in Wichita Falls, TX. He now has threegreat-grandchildren .Hanna E. Krueger, PhB'28, AM'43, of Lacey,WA, is enjoying a sojourn in Panorama City.ElvinE. Overton, PhB'28, JD'31, of Knoxville,TN, was honored at an appreciation dinner at theUniversity of Tennessee's College of Law, wherehe taught for 32 years.^Q Edith Adams, PhB'29, of La Porte, IN, was£.S involved in public health nursing for almost 40 years.Walter H. Hebert, PhB'29, AM'42, andFrances Hubbard Hebert, X'34, have moved to"the land of enchantment"— Santa Fe, NM.John M. Jackson, SB'29, PhD'32, enjoyed his60th reunion, starting correspondences with hisKappa Sigma brothers Harry Scherubel, SB'29,and Stuart Bradley, PhB'29, JD'30.Irene Tipler McCurry, PhB'29, and herdaughters, Margaret and Marian, are all married ft m m » n_a^^^_».Family Album '89: Kathleen Bardovi-Harlig, PhD '83, Regina Harlig, and JeffreyM. Harlig, PhD' 89.Family MattersSince the introduction of The Magazine's "Family Album" feature a decade ago, the section has grown byleaps and bounds— 84 families werefeatured in the last two issues. Startingwith the SUMMER/90 issue, "FamilyAlbum" will undergo a metamorphosis of sorts, becoming a section called"Generations."The Magazine's photographers willstill be taking portraits of post-Convocation families, but only of graduateswho have a parent— or grandparent orgreat-grandparent— who also earned adegree from the U of C. Thus, as theCentennial approaches, "Generations" will feature families whosetenures on the quads span much of theUniversity's history.to architects. Irene's son, Alan, is a library mediacoordinator. She and her husband, Paul, live inLake Forest, IL.Richard Treit, grandson of Belle LiebermanMeites, PhB '29, is the third generation of teachersin her family. Her youngest two grandsons are students at the University's Laboratory Schools. Shelives in Evanston, IL.Joe David Thomas, PhB'29, AM'30, and Helen S. Thomas, of Houston, TX, celebrated their50th anniversary last March . Joe is professor emeritus of English at Rice University and Helen is pro-41fessor emeritus of English at the University ofHouston.REUNION 90JUNE 1*2*3/1990QCl Lester Asher, PhB'30, JD'32, was electedJ\J chairman of the Chicago regional board ofthe Anti-Defamation League. He and Corinne S.Asher live in Chicago and have been married for 53years.Ameda Metcalf Gibson, PhB'30, has sevengreat-grandchildren and a new grandson, LucasStanley Wing. She and her husband are celebrating their 60th anniversary this year.Edward J. Lawler, PhB'30, is still enjoying hissolo law practice in Memphis, TN, and is lookingforward to his 60th reunion this June.News of the career of Anita Parker Paige,AM'30, of Washington, DC, is in Who's Who in theEast.LeoRosten, PhB'30, PhD'39, lives inNew YorkCity.O-l Laurence R. Brainard, SB'31, AM'39, andJX Jane Blair Brainard, PhB'34, are enjoyingtheir rural retirement in Texas, and hope that theirclassmates are doing the same.Lee Loventhal, PhB'31, is partially retired,maintaining offices at home and in downtownChicago.Iris Rundle Swift, PhB'31. See 1933, Roger V.Swift.Howard B. Weaver, MD'31, is 87 years old, retired, and living in Canton, OH.O O Floyd M. Bond, MD'32, retired, lives in SanJ J— Diego, CA.Claudia Dorland Gesner, PhB'32, of SiouxFall, SD, writes that she still feels grateful for theexperience of studying in the University's Department of Romance Languages.Peter Newton Todhunter, PhB'32, JD'37, livesin San Diego, CA.QO Living in Chicago, Ida Mae Giffen Cress,J J PhB'33, is interested in the social problemsthat face urban education and the agencies thatmust address them.Ruth Ketler Deters, AM'33, AM'43, is professor emeritus of mathematics and John F. Deters,SM'45, is professor emeritus of chemistry atValparaiso University. They still live in Valparaiso,IN, where they participate in University activities.John B. Elliott, PhB'30, a retired anthro-plogist/archaeologist, is the owner and operatorof Elliott Farms in New Harmony, IN.Paul L. Offenhiser, X'30, of Freeport, IL,writes that he recalls with pleasure his time at theUniversity.0"| Dale A. Letts, PhB'31, JD'35, of Amarillo,Ol. TX, and his brother, Louis N. Letts, X'42,a former Chicago Big Ten football player and acombat flyer in WW II, get together every year inFebruary.Edna Young Nelson, PhB'31, lives in Elgin, IL.QO Marjorie Berning Bollinger, PhB'32,O j— helped to develop her community orchestra in Indialantic, FL, where she lives with herhusband, Earl.Louise Conner Carlson, PhB'32, of Hinsdale,IL, remembers the University in 1929, when herclass cheered to hear that they would not be included in the College's New Plan.O ^ Last October, Helen KlaasEngdahl, SB'32,OZ. SM'33, and her husband, Richard, traveledto Honduras. They visited mountain villages thathave been involved in World Neighbors, a self-help organization for agriculture, nutrition, andsanitation improvement.Donald C. Lowrie, SB'32, PhD'42, spent lastsummer doing research on spiders and insects atYellowstone National Park, finding the parkhealthy after its rash of fires. Maurice B. Olenick, SB'32, spent 33 yearswith the Internal Revenue Service as an attorney-accountant. Retired, he lives in Palm Springs, CA.Everett C. Olson, SB'32, SM'33, PhD'35, andhis wife, Lila, traveled to the Soviet Union under ajoint National Academy program. They live in LosAngeles.May Saltzman Warshauer, PhB '32, worked inher family's business for 25 years. She and herhusband, Sidney, spend winters in California andthe rest of their time in Chicago.QO John D. Davenport, PhB'33, lives in Foun-OO tain Hills, AZ.CarlE. Geppinger, PhB'33, of Lakeland, FL, isalready looking forward to his 60th class reunion.Sydney H. Kasper, PhB'33, of Silver Spring,MD, is a consultant to the Richmond Fellowship ofAmerica, part of a worldwide network that operates community residences for persons withdisabilities.Herman E. Ries, Jr., SB'33, PhD'36, is a research associate in the Department of MolecularGenetics and Cell Biology at the University.Roger Swift, MBA'33, and Iris Rundle Swift,PhB'31, are retired and living in La Grange Park,IL.O A Charles Darwin Anderson, PhB'34,i_?TI AM'35, of Bethesda, MD, was elected tothe board of directors of Citizens for MarylandLibraries.Warren S. Askew, PhB'34, and Mary PatrickAskew, SB'38, are celebrating their 50th anniversary this June with a dinner planned by their threechildren and six grandchildren.Russell A. Beam, PhD'34, retired, lives in a retirement community in San Diego, CA.Jane Blair Brainard, PhB'34. See 1931,Laurence R. Brainard.Mildred Ash Condon, PhB'34, and her husband live in a retirement community in Naples,FL, where she plays tennis, bridge, and croquet.Dorothy Carpenter Eaton, AB'34, of Vernon,TX, is traveling to Yugoslavia this year and lookingforward to next year's trip.After undergoing heart surgery last year, BelleGoldstrich, PhB'34, of Miami, FL, writes that sheis now "better than before and raring to go."Frances Hubbard Hebert, X'34. See 1929, Walter H. Hebert.Lawrence Lewy, AB'34, JD'36, practices lawin Annandale, VA, representing federal retirees ina discrimination suit.James W. Merricks, Jr., MD'34, of HighlandPark, IL, writes that his activities are mainly"shutter-bugging and shoving the bod away fromthe festive board."Henry E. Patrick, PhB'34, AM'38, urges all ofhis eligible classmates to enroll in an Elderhostelprogram, which he finds a stimulating and rewarding experience, as well as an inexpensive wayto travel.Sam Perlis, SB'34, SM'36, PhD'38, and hiswife celebrated their 50th anniversary with a tripto Europe.Stanley J. Rubin, PhB'34, was elected president of Temple Aloh Shalom, the largest ReformJewish congregation in San Diego (CA) NorthCounty.Allan E. Sachs, SB'34, MD'37, of Mercer Island, WA, is retired and involved in swimming.Donald M. Typer, AM'34, of Grinnell, IA, is amember of the Iowa division of the UNA-USABoard and a trustee of Cornell College.REUNION 90JUNE 1*2*3/ 1990Or Agnes Murphy Harriss, AM'35, and herOO husband, C. Lowell Harriss, professoremeritus of economics at Columbia University,live in Bronxville, NY. James F. Heyda, SB'35, of Dayton, OH, enjoystravel, attending Elderhostels, and reading. Healso translates Russian math journal articles and ishelping to compile a new Russian-English mathematics dictionary.After 45 years in nuclear energy projects, Al-vin M. Weinberg, SB'35, SM'36, PhD'39, partlyretired as Distinguished Fellow at the Institute forEnergy Analysis. He spends time playing the piano, practicing his tennis backhand, and keepingup with his six children and 11 grandchildren.As co-chairperson of the Class of '35 reunion,Hubert L. Will, invites all of his classmates to takepart in the nostalgic and happy event.O /l Walter Berdal, AB'36, JD'38, is retired butJ?0 stays busy teaching and with civic clubs.Helen Littig Hunt, AB'36, of Shelby ville, IL,attended a U of C vs. Washington University football game in St. Louis, where her grandson is astudent.Two churches dedicated art glass windowsand another donated a cemetery plot to Richard L.James, AM'36, DB'37. James, who still preaches athis local church, writes that he plans to enjoy thewindows and put off the plot. He is 81 years oldand lives in Williamstown, NC.Norman Masterson, AB'36, retired, enjoys rebuilding and showing antique British "Morgan"sports cars and traveling. He lives in Long Beach,CA.Julian R. Saly, AB'36, of Charlotte, NC, has asecond great-grandchild, Joshua Coleman Short.Josiah F. Wearin, Jr., AB'36, Mary LouiseCoolidge Wearin, X'36, and their daughter, MarieLouise Twombly, enjoyed a cruise along the westcoast of Europe. The Wearins write that it was awonderful change from the Iowa farm where theyhave been together for 51 years.WilliamH. (Bill) Weaver, AB'36, lives in Hinsdale, IL, and has two grandchildren in college. Hesometimes gets together with Jack Webster,AB'39; Bill Haarlow, X'36; and Betty QuinnBrinker, AB'38.Sara Baumgardner White, SB'36, has retired,but is involved with Planned Parenthood and thepro-choice movement, and Richard D. White,SB'36, is a consulting geologist. They live in Corpus Christi, TX.Q*7 Margaret (Minna) Adams Hutcheson,\D / AM'37, lives in Sandwich, MA.Beatrice (Betty) Beal Jones, AB'37, lives inLancaster, PA.JohnG.Epp, SB'37, retired after 38 years withDow Chemical. He lives in Boulder, CO, and is anamateur photographer.JohnE. Jeuck, AB'37, MBA'38, PhD'49, retiredas the Robert Law Professor Emeritus at the University's Graduate School of Business. He continues to serve as director and trustee of various organizations in Chicago and New York City.Anne Palmer Schoonmaker, X'37, of West Falmouth, MA, has been happily married for 52years. She has seven grandchildren and one greatgrandchild.Forrest H. Whitney, AB'37, AM'51, retired,lives in Palm Beach, FL. He is the ombudsman forretirement and nursing homes in his area, servingas the social work representative and chairmanof the Florida State District IX Long Term CareCouncil.O O Mary Patrick Askew, SB '38 . See 1934, War-\J(D ren S. Askew.Betty Quinn Brinker, AB'38. See 1936, WilliamH. (Bill) Weaver.Elizabeth Howell Goggin, AM'38, lives inDover, DE.Genevieve Miner, AM'38, has moved to a retirement community in Clemson, SC.Ivan Niven, PhD'38. See 1939, Betty MitchellNiven.Harold H. Webber, AB'38, and Shirley E.Irish Webber, AB'38, celebrated their 50th anniversary with their family in Boca Raton, FL.42 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990O Q Harvey Blank, SB'39, MD'42, received thevD y Gold Medal Award, the highest honor ofthe American Academy of Dermatology. Professoremeritus at the University of Miami MedicalSchool, where he served as chairman of the Department of Dermatology, he has been a clinician,researcher, and teacher for 40 years.Margaret Merrifield Clark, AB'39, spent a vacation skiing and hiking in Switzerland with herdaughter, Peggy Clark Matti, AB'65; her son-in-law, Leo Matti, AB'65, AM'67; and hergrandchildren.Gloria Stout Freedman, X'39, widowed, recently traveled to New York City. She lives inSantee, CA.Max E. Freeman, AB'39, enjoyed his 50th reunion, finding that all of his classmates, as well asthe University and Hyde Park, have "aged nicely."He lives in Green Valley, AZ.Sara Chase Huff, SB'39, is a substitute mathteacher, volunteers at an adult high school, playstennis, and has had two articles published in Arithmetic Teacher. She lives in Lakewood, CO.Eugene Kramer, AB'39, merged his practicewith the firm of Kelson, Rood, Maidenberg, Kramer & Stoel in Los Angeles and was elected officerof the Los Angeles City College Foundation.David Kritchevesky, SB'39, SM'42, of BrynMawr, PA, was selected by Purdue University toparticipate in their "Old Masters" program.William K. Kuhlman, MD'39, enjoyed his50th class reunion, especially his meeting withRalph E . Kirsch, MD '39, his lab partner at the University. He is in a group ophthalmology practice inColorado Springs, IL.Fred Messerschmidt, AB'39, JD'41, returnedto the quads to celebrate his 50th reunion and thegraduation of his youngest son, Eric PaulMesserschmidt, MBA 89, from the GraduateSchool of Business.Betty Mitchell Niven, AB'39, and Ivan Niven,PhD'38, live in Eugene, OR. Ivan is professoremeritus of mathematics at the University ofOregon.Murray G. Ross, X'39, of Willowdale, Ontario,Canada, was made an officer of the Order of Canada and of the Order of Ontario.David Skeer, JD'39, completed his 50th yearas an attorney and received the Senior Counseloraward from the Missouri Bar Association. Hepractices law in Naples, FL.The National Association of Social Workershonored Jack Webster, AB'39. See 1936, WilliamH. (Bill) Weaver.Milton Wittman, AM'39, and Ruth IrelanKnee, AM'45, were honored by the National Association of Social Workers with the creation of theannual Knee-Whittman Mental Health Achievement Award. Both Wittman and Knee have longcareers in public service and have worked with theNational Institute of Mental Health .VernL. Zech, MD'39, of Bull Shoals, AR, doestissue pathology in a small community hospital.REUNION 90ATX Miriam Schafmayer Baker, AB'40, of Co-Ttv/ lumbia, MO, has three daughters and fivegrandchildren. She is looking forward to her 50threunion in June.Hazel Dejong By nes, SB'40, of Redlands, CA,is looking forward to her class's 50th reunion.Elise Byfield Gilden, AB'40, of Tucson, AZ,has retired from learning disabilities consultation.She has built a studio in her backyard, where sheplans to return to her first loves— sculpting andclay modeling.M. E. Grenander, AB'40, AM'41, PhD'48, retired as Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of English at the State University of New The Power ofChildhood Memories"We were a remembering family, " saysHelen Harris Perlman, "and althoughsometimes it was with sadness, 'Doyou remember when?' was a constanttheme of my youth."At age 84, Perlman, the SamuelDeutsch Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus in the School of SocialService Administration, has recentlypublished two books. In a sense, bothare memoirs, yet both are also concerned with the future.Looking Back to See Ahead (Universityof Chicago Press, 1989) is a collectionof her essays on social work, essaysthat span her more than 60 years in thefield. Focussing upon the profession'smore recent past, she grapples withthe issues of preparing an ever increasing cadre of human welfare workersfor the infinite complexities of helpingpeople to cope with adversity. Specialized versus general training, privateversus clinical practice— in addressingthese choices Perlman literally looksback to see into the future of a burgeoning, dynamic profession.In a second book, The Dancing Clockand Other Childhood Memories (AcademyChicago Publishers, 1989), Perlmanhas sifted through her diaries andjournals for illustrations of universalchildhood experiences. The threadsthat weave through most childhoods-love and hate, shame and pride, encounters with separations and death,and a growing sense of responsibility—are viewed through a collection ofPerlman's own early memories.In the search for early childhoodmemories, Perlman believes that socialworkers, clinical psychologists, andpsychiatrists traditionally have fo-cussed too much on problems. "Inpsychotherapeutic efforts, memoriesare sought and reworked, " she says,"but they are always related to thequestion of what got you into such amess in the first place. These memories are precious and important, butthey are confined by the effort to holdthem, to focus on a problem. What I'mtalking about is the effort to knowoneself as a human being."As a social worker, Perlman helpedher clients to search for favorable aswell as unfavorable recollections. "Iwould say: 'You've told me a lot aboutwhat's made you unhappy. Can youremember anything that made you feelgood?' That question always raisedastonishment in them because they'dgrown up in a century where some- t^^^^^a*Helen Harris Perlman: writing in pursuitof memories.body else is supposed to have donesomething bad to you if you're notturning out so hot."Perlman sees the recall, review,and reassessment of childhood memories as a productive endeavor for everyone. "There are many aspects of thechild in us that are to be cherished—openness to surprise, eagerness fornew experience, readiness for wonder, spontaneity, and playfulness— allthese are blessings, and often thefounts of our creativity. The better youknow, and appreciate the child, thegreater the chances are that you will bethat child's possessor rather than being the possessed."To Perlman, self-possession isa necessary step for growth: "Self-possession means that I admit to andpossess my own frailties, foibles, andfoolishness, which are acceptable if Ialso expect or hope to work towardssomething better."Memories, says Helen HarrisPerlman, are "like fireflies which,when you pursue them, put theirlights out so you can see them nofurther." With that phrase, she captures another childhood memory.— Alexandra JulianYork, Albany. She lives in New York's HelderbergMountains with her husband, Jim Corbett, andtheir cat. Ginger. She is currently writing an encyclopedia article on Norman Maclean, PhD '40.Mona Jane Wilson Schoch, SM'40, of BeechGrove, IN, is looking forward to the 50th anniversary of her graduation .H. S. Yoder, Jr., AA'40, SB'41, retired as director of a geophysical laboratory, where he continues to work in experimental petrology as directoremeritus. He lives in Bethesda, MD.A1 Richard V. Bovbjerg, SB'41, PhD'49, ofTI-L Iowa City, I A, retired as professor of biologyat the University of Iowa and as director of theIowa Lakeside Laboratory.Henrietta Mahon Brewer, AB'41, hopes thatthe rest of her classmates are looking forward totheir 50th reunion as much as she.Frank Costin, MAT'41, PhD'48, is professoremeritus of psychology at the University of Illinoisat Urbana-Champaign, where he continues toengage in scholarship. He is also founder of theAnnual National Institute on the Teaching of Psychology, now in its 12th year.Donald J. Egr, AM'41, retired, commutes biweekly between Oregon City and Yachats, OR.Formerly a dictionary editor ("Not an earth-shaking job, " he writes, "but one that is mischief-free"), Woodford Agee Heflin, PhD'41, keeps upwith his research on words and their etymologies.He lives in Montgomery, AL, and correspondswith many of his classmates.While moving her accounting and tax serviceto Boise, ID, Evelyn Geiger Jones, AB'41, lost herclass yearbook and is now earnestly searching foranother copy.Lenora K. Koos, AB'41, of Grand Rapids, MI,went on the U of C Alumni sponsored trip to Antarctica. She writes that the astounding country,great ship, and good companions made it the mostwonderful trip ever — one that she can't recommend more highly,Walter Kurk, AB'41, lives in Goshen, IN.David M. Fletcher, AB'41, AM'41, PhD'46, isretiring this June as professor of history at IndianaUniversity, Bloomington, where he will continueto live and work on his latest book.A. D. Tushingham, DB'41, PhD'48, retired, received a Gold Award of Merit from the City of Toronto and an Honorary LL. D. from Concordia University, Montreal. He is a member of the board oftrustees of the Royal Ontario Museum and prof es-sor emeritus of Near Eastern studies at the University of Toronto.AbramW. VanderMeer, AM'41, PhD'43, deanemeritus at Pennsylvania State University's College of Education and professor emeritus of highereducation at the University of Alabama, is chaplain of the Hospice of West Alabama, Tuscaloosa.A e^ Walter J. Angrist, X'42, retired as a federalx.Zm civil servant and moved to Minneapolis,MN, where he is now a consultant in governmentemergency management.Herbert A. Arnolde, SB'42, MD'45, is adjusting to almost complete retirement in Chicago-developing hobbies, his social life, and travelplans.Charles Dahl, AB'42, is finishing his thirdyear as mayor of the city of Viroqua, WI.Louis N. Letts, X'42. See 1931, Dale A. Letts.Daniel L. Levy, AB'42, of Los Angeles, celebrated his 15th year of retirement with cruises toMexico and the Caribbean.Cal Sawyier, AB'42, AM'42. See 1944, FayHorton Sawyier.Charles C. Schultz, AB'42, is enjoying hisretirement in San Francisco, CA.A O Marvin Courtney, MD'43, and his wife en-^\_/ joyed a cruise on the North and Baltic seaslast summer. He lives in Coronado, CA, and volunteers with the American Red Cross.Helen F. Patton, AM'43, retired, happily fillsher days with gardening, travel, and researching local history and genealogy in North Carolina'sPatton Valley.A A Harold A. Bjork, MD'44, of Kenosha, WI,J a retired from his radiology practice. His twosons are both doctors.Susan Hubbell Dawson, AM'44. See 1947,Joseph G. Dawson.Burton Ditkowsky, PhB '44, of Chicago, wasadmitted to the graduate program of the University's Department of Sociology.Nancy Goodman Feldman, AB'44, JD'46, isinvolved in the fight to keep abortion safe, legal,and accessible. She and Raymond G. Feldman,JD'45, live in Tulsa, OK.Konrad Kingshill, SM'44, of West Covine,CA, spent a week speaking at churches in Detroit.His son, Kim Andrew, was ordained into the Presbyterian ministry and is now an associate pastor.In his retirement, Konrad has been trying to raise amillion dollar endowment for Payap University inChiang Mai, Thailand. He would love to hear fromanyone with suggestions!Lois Lawrence Russell, AB'44, AM'47, is inher 39th year of teaching political science at Knox-ville College, a small black Presbyterian school inKnoxville, TN. She is active in numerous community groups and is moderating a series of seminars. She has three children and a new grandson,Peter.Fay Horton Sawyier, AB'44, PhD'64, and herhusband, Cal Sawyier, AB'42, AM'42, live in Hyde Park. Cal is an attorney and Fay is a philosophyprofessor.REUNION 90J U N El • 2*3 / 1 9 9 0A C John F. Deters, SM'45. See 1933, RuthT\J Ketler Deters.Raymond G . Feldman, JD '45 . See 1944, NancyGoodman Feldman.Jeanne Grant, PhB'45, received a certificate ofappreciation of exceptional volunteer work fromthe City of New York, in honor of her singing athospitals, retirement homes, and drug rehabilitation centers. Last year she traveled in Israel andEgypt, where she sang the high priestess invocation in front of the statue of the god Ptah, the firstperson to do so in 3,000 years.Ruth Irelan Knee, AM'45. See 1939, MiltonWittman.PaulH. Kusuda, PhB'45, AM'49, of Madison,WI, received a gubernatorial appointment to theWisconsin Equal Rights Council. He is on theboards of directors of the Wisconsin chapter of theNational Association of Social Workers and of theDane County SOS Senior Council.A /" After many years as head of publications ofTlO the Ohio Geological Survey, Jean SimmonsBrown, PhB'46, SM'50, is a freelance editor, dealing chiefly with college textbooks and a technicaljournal. She lives in Galloway, OH,Constance A. Katzenstein, PhB'46, AM'49,PhD'71, is tapering off her work as a therapist andis writing a book about being at the University inthe 1940s.After 40 years in the University's Englishdepartment, Gwin J. Kolb, AM'46, PhD'49, retired as the Chester D. Tripp Professor in theHumanities.Geraldine Le May, AM'46, retired as directorof the regional library system in Savannah, GA,and now lives in a Methodist retirement complexin Macon, GA.Blaise Levai, AM'46, of Jacksonville, FL, hasreturned from Hungary where he was on assignment for the Religious News Service and theAmerican Bible Society. He recently received anhonorary doctorate of humane letters from HopeCollege, Holland, MI, and was made a fellow ofthe American Orthopsychiatric Association. Elizabeth Clark Olson, AM'46, of RollingHills, CA, has been researching and writing to legislators about the legalization of drugs.John F. Richardson, AM'46, received the Tennessee Art League's 35th Anniversary Award andhis third award in painting at the Tennessee All-State Art Exhibition. He lives in Nashville.Orvin T. Richardson, PhD'46, and his wife,Harriet, were in Eastern Europe last September,and feel that they now appreciate more fully theevents that have happened there since. They livein Muncie, IN, and travel often.Louise Streitmatter, AM'46, has enjoyedevery day of her retirement.W. H. Tilley, AM'46, PhD'64, of Union City,NJ, is working on a book.A rj Marvin K. Bailin, PhB'47, of Sioux Falls,TI / SD, is an active member of the Scottish RiteFreemasonry Supreme Council,Walter A. Bohan, SB'47, SM'49, of Park Ridge,IL, retired as president of the Walter A, Bohan Co,He is now a forensic meteorology consultant, specializing in weather reconstruction for legal cases.Ernest V. Clements, AM'47, toured northernIndia last fall, ending his trip with a visit to the Himalayan school that he attended until he was 16,He lives in Glenview, IL.Joseph G. Dawson, AM'47, PhD'49, and Susan Hubbell Dawson, AM'44, live in BatonRouge, LA, and are professors emeritus at Louisiana State University.Christine E. Haycock, PhB'47, SB'48, a professor of clinical surgery, was elected treasurer ofthe Association of Women Surgeons and receivedthe Service Medal from the pictorial division of thePhotographic Society of America. She lives in Newark, NJ.Steven Mayer, AB'47, SB'50, is research professor of pharmacology at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, where he collaborates withhis wife, Elaine Sanders-Bush, also professor ofpharmacology.Dorothy Warshaw Saxner, SB'47, SM'48, retired as a vice-president of American HospitalPublishing, Inc. She and her husband, Morris,live in Chicago and winter in Sarasota, FL.Natalie Waechter Seglin, AB'47, AM'54, andher husband, Melvin, celebrated their 40th anniversary. After 20 years as a school social worker,she has "retired to the joys of grandmothering,travel, and pursuing the humanities."Matilda V. Sparenblec, BLS'47, of Indianapolis, IN, is a retired librarian of the Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library.Ralph Tarr, X'47, retired, is the scoutmaster ofa small Boy Scout troup. He and his wife, Jerry,have four children and three grandchildren, andlive in Madison, WI.Alexander Ulreich, Jr., PhB'47, MBA'49, ofSpringfield, VA, writes that he is doing wonderfully after a bypass operation.Last summer, Werner S. Zimmt, PhB'47,SB'47, SM'49, PhD'51, worked on a National ParkService project to assess damages from acid rain.He is an adjunct professor at the University of Arizona, Tucson, where he and his wife, Marianne,spend their winters.AQ Edward P. J. Corbett, AM'48, is retiringTlO from the English department at Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, after 41 years as a teacher.Ann Marshk Jernberg, PhB'48, PhD'60, andPhyllis Barnes Booth, AM'66, coordinate theTheraplay Institute in Chicago and Wilmette, IL,Ann's daughter Julie is in medical school and herdaughter Emily is a clinical psychologist.Anton W. De Porte, PhB'48, AM'51, PhD'56.See 1951, Henry D. Blumberg.Charles W. Mclnerney, SM'48, retired, liveswith his "bride of 45 years" in Fort Lauderdale, FL,where he is enjoying the fruits of his quarters ofstudying at the University.John W. Morris, Jr., PhB'48, of Rolling Meadow, IL, retired from Corroon & Black of Illinois,44 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990Inc. He is now catching up on reading and relaxing, and is taking a course in philosophy at WilliamRainey Harper College.James F. Mulcahy, Jr., AB'48, has spent thetime since his retirement traveling and workingwith Kids in Distressed Situations, an organization that finds clothing for children.Bob Simmons, AB'48, of Vienna, VA, traveledto Australia with his wife, Sonny.After 26 years of service, Sophronia Nick-olaou Tomaras, AB'48, retired from the TacomaPublic Schools, where she edited the district's curriculum. She now plans to read, write, travel, enjoy her grandchildren, and paint icons.Constance Foley Twining, AM'48, and herhusband, Ralph, traveled by train through the Canadian Rocky Mountains last summer. They live inPerryville, MD.A Q After retirement, Hamilton L. Clark,TI>/ MBA'49, and his associates formedMedhelp, Inc., a company designed to help people maintain their financial and health independence. He lives in Rolling Meadows, IL.Carl A. Dragstedt, Jr., AB'49, teaches Japanese language at the Center for International Studies at Dr. Phillips High School in Orlando, FL . Hewas recently elected vice-president of the ArmyCounter Intelligence Corps Veterans Association.G. Wayne Glick, AM'49, PhD'57, retired aspresident of Bangor Theological Seminary and isnow president of the board of the Fund for Theological Education, which gives scholarships totheology students. He lives in Lancaster, PA.Steve Johnson, MBA'49, now widowed, livesin Champaign, IL.Lewis M. Killian, PhD'49, contributed an article, "White Southerners in Northern Cities,"which was partly based on his doctoral dissertation, to the Encyclopedia of Southern Culture. He livesin Pensacola, FL.Nathaniel E. Reed, AB'49, retired as vice-president for academic affairs and as professor ofEnglish at Livingston University, where he hadserved since 1955.Earl R. Rich, SB'49, PhD'54, retired from thebiology department of the University of Miamiand is president of Rio Palenque Research Corp.Edward H. Tuttle, AM'49, associate professoremeritus of Wichita State University and founderof the W.S.U. social work program, is involved incommunity volunteer social work in Wichita, KS.REUNION 90J IT N 1%^ » 2 »5ar7 1 9 9 0Cn After 30 years of teaching Harry D. Eshle-C/U man, retired as professor of English at theKutztown University of Pennsylvania, Kutztown.Harry N. D. Fisher, AB'50, JD'53, retired, hasresumed piano lessons, reads for Talking Tapes forthe Blind, and enjoys spending time with his twogranddaughters. He writes that all visitors arewelcome to his home in St. Louis, MO, and cancontact him at (314) 993-1307.Pearl Schneibolk German, AM'50, professorof public health at Johns Hopkins University, received the Key Award of the gerontological healthsection of the American Public Health Association. She and Jeremiah J. German, AB'51, AM'51,live in Baltimore, MD.O. J. Krasner, AM'50, professor of management at Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, ispresident of Rensark Associates, consultants instrategic planning. He also serves on the boards ofdirectors of U.S. Innovative Products Corp. andQuadrant Technology Corp.Robert Lange, AM'50, of Casper, WY, writesthat he does something every day that "won'tcompute."Ana C. Miesse, AM'50, retired, lives in Lancaster, OH. Howard L. Myerson, X'50, retired from Johnson & Higgins and opened a New York office forErnest Robert Lindley & Sons, a London, Englandaverage adjuster firm. Margaret Mortimer Myerson, AB'50, AM'59, who retired from HUD duringthe Reagan administration, has left the Metropolitan Transit Authority.Blanche Robertson, AM'50, retired, lives inSavannah, GA.CI Henry D. Blumberg, AB'51, hosted a re-\_/ X union of the members of the 1949-50 executive committee of the Independent StudentsLeague in New York City. Among those attendingwere: Anton W. De Porte, PhB'48, AM'51,PhD'56; David Kliot, AB'52; Marshall Morin,X'52; Charlotte R. Toll Thurschwell, AB'51,AM'54; and Roger H. Woodworth, AB'52.Robert H. Davenport, AB'51, has retired after25 years of clinical practice. He and his wife,Diane, are enjoying remodeling their beach cottage in Dana Point, CA, restoring old cars, andsailing. He is looking forward to his 40th reunionnext year.Harvey Feldman, AB'51, AM'54, is director ofinternational relations for the American JewishCommittee in New York City.Jeremiah J. German, AB'51, AM'51. See 1950,Pearl Schneibolk German.CO Steve Ellner, AB'52, moved to Palm Bay,\J Z, FL, to enjoy his retirement from BurgerKing Corp.John C. Imhoff, MBA'52, of Galion, OH, retired from hospital administration.David Kliot, AB'52. See 1951, Henry D.Blumberg.Paul Kuhn, AB'52, SB'54, MD'56, and JackieLarks Kuhn, AB'52, practice internal medicine insouthern California and live in Newport Beach,CA.Robert E. Moore, AM'52, of Fort Atkinson,WI, was elected Teacher of the Year.Marshall Morin, X'52. See 1951, Henry C.Blumberg.Richard Y. Reed, PhD'52, writes that he metMargaret Fox Reed, SB'51, AM'51, PhD'51, in 1950on the U of C campus. The night that they met, hewanted to marry her, and two years later he did.Recently Margaret had a stroke, which caused theReeds and their children much anguish, but she isnow recovering very well. They live in Moore-head, MN.Kenneth S. Tollett, AB'52, JD'55, AM'58, ofWashington, DC, is cochairman of the NationalConference on Educating Black Children. He isalso a member of the executive committee of theAmerican section of the International Associationfor the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy.Roger H. Woodworth, AB'52. See 1951, HenryC. Blumberg.CO Jean McGuire Allard, JD'53, chairs thei_/\_J business law section of the American BarAssociation.Richard L. Dobson, MD'53, of Mount Pleasant, SC, is rebuilding after the destruction of hishome by Hurricane Hugo. He has retired as chairman of the Department of Dermatology at theMedical University of South Carolina but remainsactive as a professor, president of the AmericanBoard of Dermatology, and editor of the Journal ofAmerican Academy of Dermatology.Ross F. Firestone, AB'53, SB'56, MBA'65, ofWinnetka, IL, was named chairman of the Societyof Manufacturing Engineers' Advanced Ceramics'90 Conference. In addition to his ceramics andglass consulting business, he also teaches advanced ceramic courses.Joseph M. Heikoff , AM'53, PhD'59, is professor emeritus at the State University of New York atAlbany and adjunct lecturer in political science atthe University of Georgia, Athens.C A Joseph DuCoeur, AB'54, JD'57. See 1977,J± Emilia Dee DuCoeur Smith.Paul Horvitz, AB'54, holds the Judge James Elkins Chair of Banking and Finance at the University of Houston and is on the board of directors ofthe Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, TX.REUNION 90J U N E 1 • 2 • 3 / 1 9 9 0C C Harold M. Kaiser, PhD'55, a retired school\JO superintendent, does research in counseling in education. He and his wife, Esther, live inDavenport, IA.Robert A. Moody, AB'55, SB'56, MD'60,chairman of neurosurgery at the Guthrie Clinic,has a new interest— showing his Komondoi dog.He lives in Waverly, NY.C r Robert R. Rodgers, AM'56, PhD'64, is onv_/D sabbatical from the State University of NewYork's Empire State College in Buffalo, where hehas been a mentor for 15 years. He guides student's studies in human development—everything from adoption to widowhood.Emory F. Via, AM'56, PhD'64, retired as director of the labor education and research center atthe University of Oregon, where he is professoremeritus. He lives in Eugene, OR.r-rj Joseph DuCoeur, AB'54, JD'57. See 1977,\J I Emilia Dee DuCoeur Smith .Robert H. Mugge, PhD'57, of Silver Spring,MD, retired as assistant to the director of the National Center for Health Statistics at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.Jean Robertson, AM'57, retired from the Department of Medical Social Work at the Universityof Illinois Medical Center and lives in Hyde Park.CO Carl H. Denoms, Sr., AM'58, of Chicago,\jQj was inducted into the Du Sable HighSchool Hall of Fame.WalterM. Drzewieniecki, AM'58, PhD'63, recently lectured at colleges in Buffalo, Rochester,and Syracuse, NY. He has published several articles in English and Polish.David M. Hatfield, MBA'58, retired, lives inRockville, UT, near Zion National Park.Dorothy J. Bearcroft Mandelin, SM'58,PhD'64, is lecturer in chemistry at the Universityof California, San Diego, and at the University ofSan Diego.E. Richard Singer, MD'58, practices generalvascular surgery in Glendora, CA.A. Henry Studebaker, MBA'58, of PortHueneme, CA, retired as director of the thermalplant division of the U.S. Naval Energy and Environmental Support Activity. He now works thereas a shore thermal plant expert, directing programs to bring plants into compliance with CleanAir Act legislation.Carl W. Tipton, MBA'58, retired from the U.S.Air Force and from the College of Business at BoiseState University, and now enjoys volunteeringwith S.C.O.R.E. for the Small Business Administration in Boise, ID.CQ William A. Czapar, MBA'59, of Newport\Jy Beach, CA, married M. Virginia Minck lastOctober.Mahmoud T. Dajani, SM'59, retired from thechemical and engineering business, is a part-timeinternational marketing consultant.Norval B. Stephens, Jr., MBA'59, was electedsecond vice-president of Delta Tau Delta international fraternity. He also serves on the board oftrustees of De Pauw University.REUNION 90J U N E 1 • 2 *3 /H9 0Sr\ Harvey M. Choldin, AB'60, AM'63,DU PhD'65, and Marianna Tax Choldin,AB'62, AM'67, PhD'79, are on sabbatical in Washington, DC, until June. Harvey is visiting scholar45Derryl Reed, MBA'76: promoting minorities.Room at the TopAt the time the National Black MBAAssociation (NBMBAA) was foundedat the University of Chicago in 1970,"there weren't many blacks enteringbusiness school, " recalls Derryl Reed,MBA'76 and current president of the2,500-member association.Reed first learned of NBMBAAwhile pursuing a marketing degreethrough the Graduate BusinessSchool's "190" program— and hefound immediate appeal in the organization, "both emotionally and professionally. . . I think you're prone to feel abit isolated as a black in the corporatestructure. I found it reassuring to havethis support system, where you canshare common experiences and common problems."Reed's studies at the GSB werefunded by a tuition-refund programthrough American Can Company,where Reed worked as a sales representative after graduating from Southern Illinois University in 1970. By 1977,when American Can transferred Reedto Connecticut, the NBMBAA hadexpanded to a national organization—with chapters in New York and Detroit. Active in the NBMBAA's NewYork chapter, he was elected its president in 1983. Reed already had some firm ideason how the NBMBAA could be effectively restructured when he was elected to its National Board of Directorsin 1986. One of those ideas grew intothe "Career Exchange, " a program inwhich the NBMBAA helps companiesdesign minority recruitment programstailored to their specific needs. (American Express was the first corporationto participate.)Although pleased with the organization's growth, Reed believes hischallenge as president (he was electedlast year to a two-year term) is to "takeit to the next level . . . We need to generate more revenue so our finances arenot leveraged so highly." Money fromNBMBAA fund-raising drives goesmainly to scholarships. In 1989, theNBMBAA raised more than $140,000in scholarships to graduate businessstudents through fund-raising eventsand corporate donations."I think cost right now is the majorobstacle for minorities in attendinggraduate school," says Reed. "We'veseen major cutbacks in fed-eral funding, reductions in student loans andgrants, rising tuition costs— and somecompanies have also cut back on theireducational supports."Although blacks today representalmost 13 percent of the population,they make up only 4.9 percent of thecountry's 3.9 million corporate managers. However, Reed cites many examples of black executives who securedprominent positions in major companies in the 1980s. Reed himself isan example: he was recently hired asassistant vice president of InsurancesServices for Teachers Insurance andAnnuity Association-College Retirement Equities Fund, the nation's largest private pension fund companywith $70 billion in assets."I think that in the 1990s companies will be more open to hiring andpromoting black employees — not justblacks but all minorities, and alsowomen," Reed predicts. "Not onlybecause the pool of available whitemales has shrunk, but because companies competing on the global marketplace are going to have to learn howto be more accommodating of othercultures, and will want to have representatives of those cultures employedby their own companies."Reed believes "you'll see the NBMBAA grow and flourish in this environment, and that's exactly the trend I'mtrying to facilitate as president. We'llnot only be providing a service to theblack community, but to the countryas a whole."— TO. at Population Reference Bureau, Inc., andMarian-na is visiting scholar at George Washington University's Sino-Soviet Institute. Their daughters,Kate Choldin, AB'86, and Mary Choldin, AB'86,work in special education in Chicago's suburbs.Agnes G. Foldes Rezler, PhD '60, is director ofthe Medical Assessment Center and researcher inmedical education at the University of New Mexico Medical School, Albuquerque.Barbara Schmitz, AM'60, is preparing a catalogue of the Islamic manuscripts of the PierpontMorgan Library, New York City.Umberto (Bert) Neri, SB'61, SM'62, PhD'66,professor at the University of Maryland, CollegePark, is active in the faculty guild and the American Federation of Teachers, and is a trustee of theMaryland Federation of Teachers. Judith Nuss-baum Neri, AM'63, is editor of the quarterly Maryland federation of Teachers, and another teachersunion newsletter.David Novak, AB'61, is the Edgar M. Brouf-man Professor of Modern Judaic Studies at theUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville./^ ey Charles Benner, MBA 62, recently celebrat-KjZ. ed his 80th birthday. He plays golf and livesin Clearwater, FL.Marianna Tax Choldin, AB'62, AM'67,PhD'79. See 1960, Harvey M. Choldin.Philip Dunham, PhD'62, is professor in theDepartment of Biology at Syracuse University,Syracuse, NY.Viginia Olga Beattie Emery, AB'62, PhD'82,received the Distinguished Creative ContributionAward from the Gerontological Society of Americain recognition of her book Pseudodementia: A Theoretical and Empirical Discussion. She is director of theCenter on Aging, Health, and Society at Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH.Donville S. Fairchild, MBA'62, is president,chairman, and chief executive officer of Great FallsCapital Corp. , a Great Falls, MT, acquisitions firm.Innis Abrahamson Sande, SM'62, PhD'65,works at Bell Communications Research, Piscata-way, NJ.The artwork of Joana Valaitis, SM'62, was exhibited at the Thomas Ford Memorial Library lastyear. Joana lives in Western Springs, IL./TO Sister Mary (formerly Michaeleen Marie)UvJ Cullen, is library director at Calumet College of St. Joseph in Hammond, IN.Judith Nussbaum Neri, AM'63. See 1961, Umberto (Bert) Neri.Bill Shew, AB'63, AM'66, is partner and director of Putnam, Hayes & Bartlett, an economicand management consulting firm.Bruce A. Shuman, AB'63, AM'65, of Livonia,MI, is on sabbatical from Wayne State University.William R. Sloan, SB'63, MD'67, hasaprivatepractice in urology in Toledo, OH, and is continuing his amateur musical performances on a 1714Stradivarius violin. His wife, Judy Sloan, AB'67,completed a fellowship at the federal judicial center, Washington, DC, under Chief Justice Re-nquist. Their daughter Anita, a graduate of theCincinnati Conservatory, is an actress in Atlanta,GA, and their daughter Jackie is a Harvard scholarin Cambridge, MA./LA Herbert J. Walberg, PhD'64, of Oak Park,vJTI IL, is chairman of the scientific advisorygroup on education indicators for the Paris-basedOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development. He is also chairman of the technicalmethodology committee of the National Assessment Governing Board.REUNION 90J U N E 1 • 2*3 / 19 9 0/T C Ruth Saltzman Beiersdorf, AM'65, of La\J\J Jolla, C A, is coordinator of senior adult services for a Meals on Wheels program.46 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990Samuel P. Kelly, PhD'65, retired as provost atWestern Washington University, Bellingham, WA.Peggy Clark Matti, AB'65, and Leo Matti,AB'65, AM'67. See 1939, Margaret MerrifieldClark./'/' Phyllis Barnes Booth, AM'66. See 1948,OO AnnMarshakJernberg.Leonard Perry Edwards II, JD'66, received the1989 Livingston Hall Juvenile Justice Award fromthe American Bar Association. As San Jose (CA)juvenile court judge, he was honored for his careeras an advocate for the needs of youth on both thestate and national levels.Daniel Kesden, AB'66, of Lauderdale Lakes,FL, is working on a book about medicinal plantsand human nutrition.Eugene Lowenthal, AB'66, his wife, Linda,and their children, Sarah and John, live in Austin,TX, where Eugene is vice-president of researchand development at Cooperative Computing, Inc.Jacqueline Conway Oliver, AM'66, receivedhis Ph.D. in education from the University of Illinois, Chicago. She now works for the ChicagoPublic Schools, and plans to seek an academic position in North Carolina.Karen Wallace Pribyla, AB'66, is a certified financial planner at Financial Strategies AdvisoryCorp., Dallas, TX.Howard Putnam, MBA'66, is a professional speaker to corporations, associations, anduniversities./Try Steven F. Crockett, AM'67, and MargaretD/ Shields Crockett, AM'67, have three children—Lincoln, Jesse, and Meg— and live in Be-thesda, MD. Steve is senior attorney at the U.S.Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and chief carpenter for his family's house renovation. He is also#1 house husband when Margaret does clinical social work at a private mental health clinic.Writing that it was well worth the wait, NormaMiller, AB'67, married Rich Michalski last June.Brian Parsons, MBA 67, PhD'74, is economistwith Stanley Consultants, an architectural, engineering, and management consulting firm inMuscatine, IA.Judy Sloan, AB'67. See 1963, William R.Sloan./D David P. Chock, PhD'68, is principal re-OO search scientist at the chemistry department of Ford Motor Co. , Deerborn, MI.Michael I. Miller, AM'68, PhD'78, is chairman of the Department of English and Speech atChicago State University.Charles Patton, MBA'68, is vice-president/MIS for Resort Condominiums International, a vacation travel company based in Indianapolis, IN.Patricia McKeown Prinz, AB'68, AM'71, ismanaging director of the First National Bank ofChicago's mezzanine capital fund. She is remarried to Dick Stranger and has served as chairperson for her class reunion committee./LQk Bruce Caswell, AB'69, teaches in the politico 37 cal science department at Glassboro StateCollege in New Jersey, and Carol Cohen Caswell,SB'69, manages the strategic planning and data integrations group for Sun Oil Co.Dan Finch, MBA'69, is director of marketingand sales for Dantel, Inc. in Fresno, CA.The third child of Joseph H. Friedman, AB'69,was born last year. Friedman is associate professorof neurology and director of the Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Center in the clinicalneurosciences department at Brown University,and chief of the neurology division at the RogerWilliams Hospital.Renee Ginsburg Rabinowitz, AM'69,PhD'74, teaches constitutional law and is legalcounsel for Colorado College, Colorado Springs.Gerald Sagotsky, AB'69, is senior vice-president of marketing and director at the Wells,Rich, Greene Advertising Agency. He lives inNew York City with his wife, Lorene, and son,Matthew. Kenneth D. Simonson, AB'69, is' vice-president and chief economist of the AmericanTrucking Associations. He and his wife, Jan Solomon, live in Washington, DC, and have two children—Matthew and Alix.REUNION 90JUNE 1 • 2*3 7 1 9 90ryr\ Robert Brawer, PhD'70, of New York City,/ \J is president of Maidenform, Inc.AndrewH. Connor, AB'70, JD'79, is a partnerat Winston & Strawn, Chicago.Parker Quammen, AB'70, SM'74, is a systemsanalyst at First Chicago Corp. He and his wife,Sheila Boss, have three children. They live in aninternational, religious-based community inChicago.Fredrick L. Silverman, MAT'70, presented aprogram on an elementary-school teacher trainingproject that integrates math and science. He is professor of math education at the University ofNorthern Colorado, Greeley.Kate Douglas Torrey, AM'70, is editor-in-chief at the University of North Carolina Press.She and her husband, Allen Torrey, and their son,Nicholas, live in Chapel Hill, NC.*7"1 Brian R. Aim, AM'71, is manager of com-/ JL munication services at Deere & Co., Mo-line, IL.Laurie M. Brandt, AB'71, AM'74, a clinicalpsychologist with the Harvard CommunityHealth Plan, recently published an article inGroup. She and her husband, Jay Koslof, live inBrookline, MA, with their two children, Benjaminand Nathaniel.Helen Federoff Denz, AM'71, is coordinatorof school social workers for the Palatine, IL, schooldistrict. She lives in St . Charles, IL, and is interested in suicide prevention.John Hofbauer, AB'71, practices ophthalmology in Beverly Hills, CA, and is director of cornealservice at Martin Luther King Hospital in LosAngeles.Heartily recommending mid-career "remodeling," Dorothy Davies Johnson, MD'71, writesthat she is enjoying her move to learning and developmental pediatrics, which she finds a rewardingdaily challenge. She lives in San Diego, CA.Van Thomas Kurtz, SM'71, received a doctorate in biophysical sciences from the State University of New York, Buffalo.Anne Michael Lipke, AB'71, is athletic director of Harry Van Arsdale High School, Brooklyn,NY. She and her husband, Peter Lipke, SB'71, became grandparents last Thanksgiving.Allan Spradling, SB'71, a researcher at theCarnegie Institute of Washington, was elected tothe National Academy of Science.John L. Strausser, SB'71, MD'75, a plastic surgeon, is "basking on the white sand beaches ofSarasota, FL" with his wife, Marianne, and daughter, Sarah.Carl A. Sunshine, AB'71, is director of thecomputer science laboratory at the AerospaceCorp., El Segundo, CA.Richard E. Wayman, MBA'71, is director of financial systems at Amway Corp. in Ada, MI.Leslie Maitland Werner, AB'71, is a correspondent for The New York Times, working in theWashington, DC, bureau. She spends the rest ofher time with her son and daughter.ryry Phyllis and Michael Beals, AB'72, SM'76,/ Z. welcomed their son, Philip Michael, intothe world in October. They live in Somerset, NJ.Anne E. Crowley, PhD'72, of Chicago, is contributor and editor of the AMA directory of graduate medical education programs and of JAMA 's annual education issue.Jonathan Everett, AB'72, and Mary Penar,AB'72, have a daughter, Claudia. Jonathan is a partner in the Chicago office of Skadden, Arps,Slate, Meagher and Flom, while Mary has resigned as reference librarian at the Evanston Public Library to care for Claudia.Thomas Green Faulkner III, AM'72, is corporation president of Greenville Housing Futures,Inc., Greenville, SC.Joan E. Huebl, AB'72, AM'78, of Tujunga,CA, manages AT&T's computer systems group activities in southern California.Robert D. Claessens, JD'72, and his wife,Marilyn, have two children— Daniel, a student atthe University, and Elizabeth— and live in Evanston, IL. Robert is in private practice in Chicagoand Marilyn writes features for a local newspaper.Dennis F. Miller, AM'72, of Bethesda, MD,published a paper in Science and delivered anotherto the International Seminars on Nuclear War inErice, Italy.Meira Wechter Miller, AB'72, has begun agraduate program in ancient and biblical studies atthe University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She hastwo children, Ben and Naomi.Gregg A. Rubinstein, AB'72, of Washington,DC, spent 12 years in the foreign service, workedin the aerospace industry, and is now a consultanton Japanese trade and technology issues.Donna Spiker, AB ' 72, is deputy director of theinfant health and development program at Stanford Univesity, Stanford, CA.Paul F. Vieson, AM'72, PhD'87, is assistantprofessor of history at the University of Dayton,Dayton, OH.After finishing "three happy years and publishing 300 medical books, " as managing editor ofRaven Press, Faye Zucker, AB'72, AM'75, has returned to freelance editing in New York City.*70 Eugene Cruz-Uribe, AB'73, AM'77,/ J PhD'83, is assistant to the dean of the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences at NorthernArizona University, Flagstaff, where Kathryn Al-lwarden Cruz-Uribe, AM'80, PhD'87, teaches archaeology and anthropology. They write that theylove both the students and the school.Last year, Steven Fisher, JD'73, married theformer Ricki Sanders, an attorney for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Steven ispresident of Pei-Genesis, Inc., a distributor of industrial electronic components based in Philadelphia, PA.Matthew Franckiewicz, JD'73, is on the American Arbitration Association's national panel ofcommercial arbitrators. He does labor arbitration,writes computer software, and practices law nearPittsburgh, PA.Last October, Sylvia Helm, AB'73, marriedDaniel D. Armstrong, nephew of Allen Wallis, aformer dean of the University's Graduate Schoolof Business. Sylvia is executive editor of Computersin Banking and is also adjunct professor of businesspress journalism at New York University, NewYork City.Charles D. Jaco, AB'73, is a correspondent forCNN in Miami, FL. He writes that 1989 has been "astudy in the rhetoric of friction." He has coveredriots in Miami, war in El Salvador, and was beaten, arrested, and expelled from the country inPanama.Harriet Kirby Lewis, AM'73, has a privatepractice in psychotherapy in Sarasota, FL. She isthe cofounder and codirector of two groups thatproduce professional development courses, and isalso president of the board of the Family Life Institute. Under a nom de plume, she recentlypublished a play and a book.Thomas Pawlik, AM'73, of Oak Park, IL, is director of marketing communications at MedlineIndustries, Inc.7/1 ^om "asinger, MBA'74, is divisional vice-/ TI president of the Washington Post Company's cable television group. He and his wife, Car-ma, live in Scottsdale, AZ, with their four children—Nathan, Brooke, Darcy, andMarisa.47Mark C. Brickell, AB'74. See 1975, Anita J.Brickell.Alston Fitts III, PhD'74, his wife, Anne Ma-lone Fitts, and their three daughters live in Selma,AL. Anne finished her Ph.D. in English at the University of Alabama last year.A friendship between Kenneth Gass, MD'74,PhD'74, and a Soviet pediatrician has developedinto a Soviet-American exchange program forasthmatic children, called Young Teachers ofHealth. Last summer Gass took 20 American children to the Soviet Union for three weeks, and 20Soviet children will visit in the U.S. next summer.Gass lives in Bellingham, WA.Jeffrey W. Gettleman, JD'74, of San Diego,CA, is director of marketing and education forWestern Schools, Inc.James A. Hedrick, MD'74, is a pediatrician inprivate practice in Bardstown, KY.Paul Sullam, AB'74, MD'78. See 1977,Kathleen Maxwell.REUNION 90J U N E 1 * 2 * 3/1 990*7C In the recent edition of the Class of 1975's/ \J 15th Reunion Directory mailed to all classmates, Peter Draper, AB'75, was erroneously reported as deceased. The Alumni Association sincerely regrets the error and extends an apology toMr. Draper.Stan Biles, AB'75, of Olympia, WA, is assistant director of the Washington State Departmentof Natural Resources.Anita J. Brickell, AB'75, MBA'76, and MarkC.Brickell, AB'74, now have a third child, HenryMathias. They live in New York City.Joan Landy Erdman, AM'75, PhD'80, is theWestern European Regional Fulbright Fellow inEngland, France, and Switzerland. She is professor of anthropology and coordinator for the socialsciences at Columbia College, Chicago.Susan Hauser, AM'75, is the Oregon correspondent for People Magazine and a regular contributor to the leisure and arts page of the Wall StreetJournal. She lives in Portland, OR.Iva Anne Kaufman, AB'75, is a philanthropicplanning consultant in New York City, and program director of the Ms. Foundation for Women'sManaging Wealth Program.William C. Naumann, MBA'75, was electedvice-president of Whitman Corp., Chicago, incharge of the corporate office of quality.Alfred H. Novotne, AB'75, of Arlington, VA,is staff attorney with the U.S. Court of Veteran'sAppeals."7/T Gary Bruce Ackerman, AM'76, founded/ O Foothill Services Inc., a Los Altos, CA,company that provides strategic planning forpower utilities.James E. Hermesdorf, MBA'76, president andchief executive officer of Teepak, Inc., has beenasked by the Clarendon Hills, IL, community torun for a second term as village trustee.In September, Jonathan Jacobs, SB'76, andhiswife, Joy Koletsky, had their first child, SharonElana Jacobs. They live in McLean, VA.L. Fran Stella, MBA'76, is vice-president ofparts and service operations for Volvo GM inGreensboro, NC.Mary Lynn Van Sickle, AB'76, is manager ofKansas City (MO) Retrospective Conversion Services for Utlas International, Inc."7*7 Thomas J. D'AlesandroIV, AM'77, isexec-/ / utive vice-president and general managerof the Reston Land Corporation, developing thetown of Reston, VA.Ann Elcrat Glen, MST'77, has retired after 22years of teaching. She is taking courses towardcertification in addiction counseling.George Hromnak, AB'77, finished a fellow, ship in child psychiatry at Tufts University. He is achild, adolescent, and adult psychiatrist withCentre Psychiatric Associates in State College, PA.Markes E.Johnson, PhD'77, is professor of geology at Williams College, Williamstown, PA.Kathleen Maxwell, AM'77, PhD'86, and PaulSullam, AB'74, MD'78, announce the birth oftheir second child, Angelica Missiroli Sullam.Paul Schulze, MBA'77, is a business centermanager for SHL Systemhouse, Chicago. He ismarried and lives in Lincolnshire, IL.Emilia Dee DuCoeur Smith, AB'77, AM'78,and V. James Smith, AM'79, of Glendora, CA,have a third child, Jeffrey Matthew. Emilia is thedaughter of Joseph DuCoeur, AB'54, JD'57, andgranddaughter of the late Dale Avery Nelson,JD'24.Robert A. Sternberg, AB'77, of Reston, VA, ispresident and chief executive officer of Graphics 2Go, Inc., a computer graphics art studio.Dan Sumner, AM'77, PhD'78, has returnedfrom over a year with the Council of Economic Advisers in Washington, DC, to North Carolina StateUniversity, Raleigh, where he is a professor in theeconomics and business department.In September, Barbara Harms Taylor, AB'77,and her husband, Daniel, had a daughter, ClaudiaCaroline. Barbara is taking time off from her job asan attorney with Parvin, Wilson, Barnett & Hopper in Roanoke, VA.*7Q Gary J. Frei, MD'78, practices general and/ O vascular surgery at the Bend MemorialClinic and at the St. Charles Medical Center. Heand his wife, Vicki, have two children, Neal andLauren, and live in Bend, OR. Gary enjoys landscaping his yard and returning home to Idaho eachfall to harvest grain.Robert W. Geist, MD'78, practices orthopedicsurgery in Middletown, CT. He and his wife, Megan, live with their family in Guilford, CT.Jonathan Ginsburg, AB'78, is co-rabbi withhis wife, Julie Gordon, of Temple of Aaron in St.Paul, MN. They have two children, Shoshana andAri.Susan Heisler Hanks, MBA78, and JeffHanks, MBA'78, live in Orange, CA, with their twochildren.Martin E. Kordesch, AB'78, is assistant professor in the physics and astronomy department atOhio University, Athens, where ElizabethGierlowski Kordesch, AB'78, is adjunct assistantprofessor in the geological sciences department.Thomas Lukens, PhD'78, MD'80, was electedpresident of the Northeastern Ohio Society ofEmergency Medicine. He is an assistant professorat Case Western University's School of Medicine,Cleveland, OH.Tony Martin, AB'78, AM'79, is a partner withCooper & Lybrand's benefit consulting group andsecretary/treasurer for Friends of the Parks inChicago.Joseph R. McKee, MBA'78, is vice-president ofmarketing for Air Dry Corp. of America in Moor-park, CA.Frank W. Pereira, MBA'78, of Englewood, CO,was promoted to president of the Montana TalcCo., an international producer of reinforcementpigments.Steven M. Pontikes, AB'78, is an attorneywith Bullaro & Carton, Chicago, and co-chairmanof the Pontikes Foundation.In November, David and Margaret Katz Rad-cliffe, AM'78, had a daughter, Anna MacKenzie.They live in Blacksburg, VA.Patrick T. Will, AB'78, received his M.A. inmusicology at Cornell University. He is now writing his dissertation and working as general manager at the Firestone Vineyard and Winery. He andhis wife, Tracy Pintchman, live in Buellton, CA.*7Q Lorece Ferm Aitken, AB'79, is co-owner/ y and manager of Pegasus Games, Inc. Sheand her husband, Randy, live in Madison, WI.Don R. Baker, AB'79, is on the faculty of McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.He writes that he continues to use the skills that helearned at the University, and is still melting rocksfor a living.Ed Cotham, AM'79, is a shareholder in theHouston, TX, law firm Morris & Campbell, P.C.Since his graduation from Johns HopkinsMedical School, Robert (Dana) Cunningham,AB'79, has specialized in treating handicappedchildren. He is also an amateur photographer anda writer of fantasy and science fiction stories—which he says are reminiscent of the "minutes" hecomposed for dorm meetings at the U of C.Henry V. Fitzgerald, Jr., AB'79, is a computerspecialist for the Austin (TX) Emergency MedicalServices Department and is a master's degree candidate at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of PublicAffairs at the University of Texas. He and his wife,Lana S. Dieterich, have a daughter and are activein community theater.Kevin Huigens, AB'79, AM'79, is projectmanagement consultant in the information services division of Aon Corp., Chicago.William Kadish, AB'79, has a daughter, Jessica Marie.JohnathanKans, AB'79, SM'81, PhD'86, completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Universityof California, Berkeley, and moved to Cabin John,MD. He now works at the National Center forBiotechnical Information, part of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD.Marlene Katz, PhD'79, is associate professorof chemistry at Huntingdon College, Montgomery, AL.Scott Krantz, MBA' 79, and his wife, Jerri, livein Buffalo Grove, IL, and have three sons— Seth,Zachary, and London. Scott is arbitrator for theNational Association of Securities Dealers and hasexpanded his investment advisory firm to includean expert witness division.C. J. Peter Lilly, MBA'79, is vice-president ofmaterials management at Essilor of America, Inc.,St. Petersburg, FL.John P. Noon, AB'79, of Sunnyvale, CA, hasstarted Publix, an information and publishingcompany.Anne M. Bedinghaus O'Brien, AB'79, practices law in Idaho Falls, ID, where she lives withher husband, Michael.Sharon Klaber Peck, AB'79, MBA'82, and herhusband, Jim, are happy to announce the birthof their daughter, Rachel Katherine. They live inChicago.V. James Smith, AM'79. See 1977, Emilia DeeDuCoeur Smith.Steven M. Strickland, AB'79, started his ownconsulting firm, Alternate Capital Strategies, Inc.,a Jupiter, FL, firm specializing in equipment leasing and commercial loan brokerage.Robert E. Sullivan, AB'79, MBA86, is vice-president of finance at the Finzer Roller Co., Chicago. He and his wife, Susan, and their son, Jake,live in Northfield, IL.Michael S. Wax, AM'79, is owner and president of Linhares Precast in Massachusetts, whichhas just expanded.REUNION 90JUNE 1.2.3/1 %JlMOn Kathryn Allwarden Cruz-Uribe, AM'80,OU PhD'87. See 1973, Eugene Cruz-Uribe.Eileen and Lawrence Cutler, MD'80, arepleased to announce the birth of their daughter.Jacqueline Brooke Cutler was delivered by her father last May. He is in private practice in obstetricsand gynecology at the New York Hospital-CornellUniversity Medical Center.Andy Ebbott, MBA'80, and Katy Higgins,MBA'80, haveason, Scott Higgins Ebbott, andlivein Boston, MA.48 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990Ilene Lanin-Kettering, AM'80, PhD'83, andRandy Kettering, AM'80, PhD'84, live in Palatine,IL, with their daughters, Casey Shawn and BrookeArielle. Ilene is vice-president of Kapuler Marketing Research in Arlington Heights, and Randypractices in Schaumburg, IL.Michael V. Smith, AM'80, of Columbia, MD,was named outstanding teacher and classroommotivator by the Panhellenic Association. He is assistant professor in the College of Journalism ofthe University of Maryland .James P. Walsh, AM'80, is associate professorof organization and management at Dartmouth College's Amos Tuck School of BusinessAdministration.Q-f Yuko Arayama, AM'81, PhD'86, lives inO-L Osaka, Japan.Jeffrey Granger, MD'81, practices orthopedicsurgery with North Central Indiana Orthopedics.He and his wife, Carol, live in Logansport, IN,with their children, Brendan and Erin, where theyenjoy bicycling and flying.Last year, Steven Paugh Leuzinger, AB'81,married Peggy Paugh. He also graduated fromLuther-Northwestern Theological Seminary withan M.Div. Ordained in August, he is pastor ofGrace Lutheran Church in Lake Lillian, MN.Chuck Merk, MBA'81, is vice-president of engineering for Jerrold Communications in Ambler,PA, where he lives with his wife and children.Rajendra Seksaria, MBA'81, is manager at Nolan, Norton & Co ., a Chicago information technology management consulting firm.Carl R. Tannenbaum, AB'81, MBA'84, andKaren Silvestri Tannenbaum, AB'82, had theirfirst child, Danielle Rose, in September. Carl isvice-president and director of capital-markets research at the Exchange National Bank of Chicago,and Karen is an assistant manager for J. B. Robinson Jewelers. They live in Westmont, IL.Q<S Geoffrey Etherington III, JD'82, is on aQjZm leave of absence from Edwards A. Angell tobe president of Accurate Threaded Products Co . , aNewington, CT, manufacturer of aerospace parts.James R. Geisler, PhD'82, is superintendentof the Walled Lake (MI) Consolidated Schools. Hehas four children and is married to Susan Geisler,an elementary school teacher.Michael J. Gerhardt, JD'82, is an associateprofessor at the Wake Forest University School ofLaw, Winston-Salem, NC.Harold S. Goldman, PhD'82, is director ofJewish Family and Children's Services of Philadelphia, PA.Katherine (Kat) Birgit Griffith, AB'82, is inthe last year of an M. S. program in agricultural economics and plans to move to Costa Rica next fall.Matthew Klionsky, MBA'82. See 1984, SusanRosenberg.William Monroe, PhD'82, of Houston, TX,was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowshipfor research on the ethics of performance in literature and medicine at the Institute for the MedicalHumanities.Paul Sandberg, JD'82, MBA'82, is vice-president of filmmaker Juzo Itami's ITAMI Films,Inc., a production and service company in LosAngeles.Douglas A. Smith, SM'82, of Beaverton, OR,is a consulting envionmental geologist withRittenhouse-Zeman & Associates, Inc.Karen Silvestri Tannenbaum, AB'82. See1981, Carl R. Tannenbaum.QO Michael Baldwin, AB'83, is director of re-OO search and marketing for Orbis Communications, a television producer/distributor. He andhis wife, Carol Jasmine, live in Brooklyn, NY.Ronna Bury-Prince, AB'83, is a corporatebanker specializing in the communication industries for the First National Bank of Chicago. She ismarried to Michel Prince, MBA'89, of Toulouse,France.Joel Goldstone, AB'83, received his M.D. de- On the Front LineFaith Smith, AM'82— college president, social activist, graduate student—is understandably in a bit of a hurry.She has just turned in two take-homefinals and will leave for Africa thefollowing morning.Smith is currently on sabbatical aspresident of NAES College in Chicago(NAES stands for Native AmericanEducational Services), which shehelped found in 1975. The sabbatical—and a $70,000 fellowship awarded toSmith last fall by the Chicago Community Trust— allows her a year for "travel, study and career development."Part of the money funded a Marchtrip to Africa. (Smith cochairs theboard of a national network designedto "raise American consciousness"about the civil war in Mozambique, inwhich she says close to a million people have been killed by South African-supported insurgents.) The funds havealso allowed her to pursue a doctoraldegree at the U of C in political scienceunder Professor Gary Orfield, an expert on civil rights and Smith's facultyadviser.Smith acknowledges that her college education makes her a rarityamong Native Americans. In Chicago,for example, only one in four Indianteens graduates from high school—"the worst rate of any minority groupin the city"— and the few who do enroll in college usually drop out beforegraduation."Education ought to have a function for Indians as it has for other people," says Smith. "You have to developa content in which people feel they'regetting an education that is usable—not skill-based so much, but how it isyou look at the world, and operatewithin it."NAES offers only one major, incommunity service. The school's retention rate is 72 percent— compared toa national college dropout rate amongIndians of almost 90 percent— andSmith says most alumni are politicaland business leaders "on the frontline of their tribal communities."NAES has set up four more campuses(one in Minneapolis, the rest on reservations in Montana and Wisconsin)with a total student body of 145.Only 15 percent of its budget comesfrom federal funding, says Smith—the rest through private donationsand tuition.Smith also cochairs the IndianTreaty Rights Committee, a Chicago-based group formed four years ago Faith Smith, AM'82: working for change.when the IRS attempted to tax theLummi Tribe of Washington State forfish they had taken from treaty waters.Congress later declared the taxationillegal, but another controversy erupted in Wisconsin last spring when hundreds of angry white protesters confronted a small number of ChippewaIndians who sought to exercise federally protected rights to spearfishwalleyed pike outside reservationboundaries.Smith and other committee members escorted Chippewa fishermen toboat landings where they were metwith bottle throwing and name calling "while the police would sort ofstand there and watch." Last year,Chippewas only fished three percentof Wisconsin's walleyes, leaving therest for sportsmen, Smith points out.Expecting more conflict, the committee is doing "witness training" forthose who want to offer non-violentsupport for Chippewas at their boatlandings this spring.Smith is also on the directorsboard of Crossroads Fund, a groupcofounded by University alumniwhich provides small grants forChicago-area projects involved insocial and economic change. Jugglingall these commitments "is just something I've done most of my life, " shesays. "Working to make the world alittle better place isn't a bad pastime."-TO.gree and is now senior resident in internal medicine at Duke University.QA Michael E. Aswad, AB'84, MBA'85. SeeOt: 1985, Catharina M. Perkins- Aswad.David Blatnik, AB'84, is a data base administrator at the Jacobs Suchard, Inc., Chicago datacenter.Bruce Scott Levinson, MBA'84, of Bethesda,MD, is working on a study of telephone servicemarket competition.Robert Linrothe, AM'84, is in India researching his Ph.D. dissertation in art historyElizabeth Fichtner Pector, MD'84, is in hersecond year with a family practice group in Naper-ville, IL, where she lives with her husband, Scott.Robert G. Protosevich, AM'84, teaches Russian at the U.S. Air Force Academy and Darilyn J.Gould, AB'85, works at the U. S. Space Command .They live in Colorado Springs, CO.Susan Rosenberg, AB'84, and MatthewKlionsky, MBA'82, had a son, Gideon, last year.Susan is a third-year law student at the UniversityJimRuman, MBA'84, of Brandon, FL, was promoted to manager at Ernst & Young.Bruce M. Sullivan, PhD '84, is assistant professor and coordinator of religious studies atNorthern Arizona University, Flagstaff.REUNION 90J U N j^ 1 • 2 • 3 I J J 9 0OC Mark Bode, MBA'85, survived the San(DO Francisco earthquake to come back to Chicago. He works in investment banking at SmithBarney.In January, Janice Robin Brand, AB'85, andRandall Adair Kaylor, AB'85, were married inChicago. Janice will graduate from law school inMay and Randall is a computer operator.Darilyn J. Gould, AB'85. See 1984, Robert G.Protosevich.Robert Hettinga, X'85, announces the formation of Shipwright Business Development Services, a Boston, MA, firm that provides research,planning, and management services.Bob Nesselroth, AB '85, is practicing law in Atlanta, GA.Catharina M. Perkins-Aswad, AB'85, andMi-chael E. Aswad, AB'84, MBA'85, announce thebirth of their first child, Stephen Alexander. Michael works for J. P. Morgan and Co. in New YorkCity. Until the baby was born, Cathy worked at theSloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City.Judith Praitis, AB'85, of Los Angeles, worksfor the law firm of Latham & Watkins.James G. Wolf, AM'85, is research coordinatorat the University of Kentucky Survey ResearchCenter.Q S~ David R. Adler, AB'86, MBA'89, is an asso-OU ciate in corporate finance at Chemical BankInvestment Banking, New York City.Kate Choldin, AB'86, and Mary Choldin,AB'86. See 1960, Harvey M. Choldin.Robert Levy, MBA'86, and Kelly are busykeeping up with their daughter, Laura Arielle. Robert writes that, meanwhile, he has successfullyweathered another financial panic as a futures arbitrage trader for J. P. Morgan Securities in NewYork City.Alan Kanter, AB'86, is a third-year medicalstudent at Northwestern University MedicalSchool, Chicago.Lori Vik, AM'86, is an assistant vice-presidentat Citicorp Retail Services and is working on herM.B. A. at New York University, New York City.QT7 Daniel C. Chuman, AM'87, of Stanford,O / CT, is vice-president of the equity arbitragedepartment at Daiwa Securities America.Lisa Whitney Cochrane, AB'87, is a graduatestudent in English at Columbia University, NewYork City. James W. Fox, MBA'87, was appointed president of the Magnetic Shield Corp., Bensenville,IL, where he had served as chief engineer.Christiana Park, AM'87, and her husbandhave moved to Austin, TX, where he teaches physics at the University of Texas.Last November, Iqbal Singh, PhD'87, participated in the annual Marine Corps Marathon inWashington, DC.Q O Andy Brownfield, AB'88, MBA'89, of NewOO York City, is an associate on the capital markets desk at Merrill Lynch Capital Markets.Harold Buck, AB'88, is completing his master's degree in statistics at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.Monica Casper, AB'88, is development coordinator with the Chicago Abused WomenCoalition.Scott Gould, MBA'88. See 1989, Susan Ro-binov Gould. Virginia Kapernick, AB'88, is in her first yearat Ohio University Medical School. She spent lastyear traveling in New Zealand and the U.S., visiting family and friends.Laura Vanderaa, MBA'88, and Geoffrey Luce,MBA'89, are married and living in Chicago. Geoffrey works with the European options section ofDiscount Corp. and Laura is with the Harris Trust& Savings Bank.OQ Craig Bjorklund, MBA'89, works for LaOy Salle Partners, Chicago.Susan Robinov Gould, MBA'89, and ScottGould, MBA'88, were married in September. Scottworks as a management consultant for PeatMarwick, Chicago, and Susan works in corporatefinance development at First Chicago.Geoffrey Luce, MBA'89. See 1988, LauraVanderaa.Eric Paul Messerschmidt, MBA'89. See 1939,Fred Messerschmidt.DEATHSFACULTYJ. Kyle Anderson, SB'28, died November 15 atthe age of 83. Professor emeritus of physical education, he was baseball coach at the University for38 years. In 1987, the University dedicated andnamed its baseball field in his honor. He was afounder of the American Association of BaseballCoaches and is included in its Hall of Fame. Survivors include his wife, Mary Jane; a daughter; andthree grandchildren.Bruno Bettelheim, the Stella M. Rowley Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus in Education, Behavioral Science, and Psychiatry, and director emeritus of the Sonia ShankmanOrthogenic School, died March 13 at the age of 86.A pioneer in treating childhood mental disturbances, he joined the faculty in 1939. Many of theprinciples developed in his work with autistic andother disturbed children at the OrthogenicSchool, which he directed from 1944 until 1973,have been widely adopted. Among his writingswere Love is Not Enough, about working with disturbed children, and The Uses of Enchantment, aboutfairy tales. Survivors include two daughters,Naomi Pena and Ruth Bettelheim, AB'63, AM'65,and a son, Eric Bettelheim, JD'76.Anne Meyers Cohler, AB'62, died from astroke on December 10 at the age of 48. She was aninstructor in the Basic Program in Continuing Education at the University, where she graduated PhiBeta Kappa. She was the author of three books on18th-century political science and collaborated onthe first translation since the 18th century of TheSpirit of the Laws, which served asabasisfortheU.S.Constitution. Involved in many community affairs, she was past president of Hyde Parks's An-cona School. Survivors include her husband,Bertram Cohler, AB'61, a psychology professor atthe University; two sons; a father; and a sister.J. David Greenstone, AM'60, PhD'63, the William Benton Distinguished Service Professor inPolitical Science, died February 28 at age 52. Hejoined the faculty in 1964, chairing his departmentfrom 1972 to 1975. He also served as master of theSocial Sciences Collegiate Division and associatedean of the College and the Division of Social Sciences. His research ranged from the problems ofthe modern urban class to the political thought ofAbraham Lincoln. In 1988, he received the University's Quantrell award for undergraduate teaching. Survivors include his wife, Joan FrommGreenstone, AB'62, AM'65, PhD'84; two sons; and his mother. In his honor, the political sciencedepartment is establishing a memorial fellowshipin American politics and political development.Manfred Hoppe, died December 7 at the age of57. He was professor and chairman of the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures intheCollege, whichhejoinedinl970. Acontributorto the critical edition of the works of Hugo vonHof mannsthals, his main area of interest was 18th-and 20th-century German literature. Survivors include his parents and a brother.Marshall B. Ketchum, PhD'37, died November 12 at the age of 83. He was professor emeritusat the University's Graduate School of Business,Survivors include his wife, Clara.Wilton Marion Krogman, PhB'26, AM'27,PhD'29, professor emeritus of the University ofPennsylvania, died November 4 1987. He was oneof the first to receive his doctorate in physical anthropology in the U.S. He became associate professor at the University in 1938, influencing thetraining of a generation of physical anthropologists. He wrote on almost all aspects of the field,but was mainly interested in child developmentand forensic anthropology. He was a member ofthe National Academy of Sciences and receivedthe Viking Medal in Anthropology, among manyother honors. He founded and directed the Philadelphia Center for Research in Child Growth,which was renamed in his honor, and served thereuntil his retirement.Herbert Lamm, PhD '40, died January 24 at theage of 81. He was professor emeritus of the Committee on Ideas and Methods and the College.Robert James Moon, PhD'36, died November1 at the age of 78. He was associate professor emeritus in chemistry at the University. Survivors include two daughters, Julia M. Jennings, AB'58,and Margaret M. Chambers, AB'67; and a son.Christopher C. Scott, died October 16 at theage of 62. The first black to serve as head tenniscoach at a major university, he coached the men'sand women's teams at the University in the late1960s and early 1970s. He was manager at theHyde Park Athletic Club and the Lake MeadowsTennis Club, and was integral in bringing his sportto the inner city. In 1978, he received the NationalCommunity Service Award from the U.S. TennisAssociation. Survivors include two children.Paul A . Weiss, professor emeritus of Rockefeller University, died September 8 at the age of 91.He taught and conducted research at the University of Chicago for 21 years. Among his many hon-30 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990ors, he won the National Medal of Science for hispioneering work in the theory of cellular development. He was the author of over 350 articles and11 books, and had been a consultant to many governmental and professional panels. Survivorsinclude his wife, Maria, and a brother.STAFFRobert Rosenthal, AM'55, died in Edinburgh,Scotland, on December 27 at the age of 63 . As curator of special collections at the Joseph RegensteinLibrary, he built the University's rare book collection into one of the foremost research resources inthe country. Through his efforts, the library hassuch widely varying materials as works from theFrench Renaissance and original scientific papers,such as those of Copernicus. He served in the Marines in WW II and joined the University's librarystaff in 1950. Survivors include his wife, JaneMarshall Rosenthal, AM'71; four children; andfive grandchildren.THE CLASSESPearl Parrett Randall, AB'05, of Sonoma, CA,died at the age of 100.Wilfrid K.McPartlin, AB'07, died December 9at the age of 103. She taught French, German, andLatin in public and parochial schools for morethan 50 years. After her retirement, she taught atLoyola University's home study division andvolunteered at St. Vincent Orphanage. Survivorsinclude a sister.Alice F. Braunlich, AB'08, AM'09, PhD'13, ofDavenport, IA, died August 9.L. Emma Brodbeck, SB ' 14, died December 2 atthe age of 96. She served as a missionary in Chinafor more than 30 years, escaping after being inferred during the Communist revolution. Shethen worked in the Philippines until her retirement, when she began helping Asian refugees inthe U.S. to learn English. In 1961, she joined thenewly formed Peace Corps as its oldest member.Survivors include two nephews.Florence Foley Howard, AB'14, died December 10 in Urbana, IL. Survivors include her daughter, Helen Howard Link, AB'42.Ella M. Burghardt Burkhart, PhB'15, diedSeptember 20. Survivors include her daughter,Marilyn E. Burkhart Williams, PhB'45.George Caldwell, PhB'15, of Jekyll Island,GA, died February 9 1987.Wallace E. Leland, PhB'15, died February 271988 in Toronto, Canada. He was a teacher atCulver Military Academy for 48 years. Survivorsinclude two children, three grandchildren, andtwo great-grandchildren.HenriettaP. Christensen Burgess, SB'16, diedJune 15 at the age of 93. She served as the geologiceditor of the Illinois Geological Survey, as well as ateacher and registrar until she began to raise herfamily. Survivors include a daughter.Alfred M. Miller, PhB'16, JD'20, of Conroe,TX, died in May 1987. Survivors include adaughter.Ora E. Phillips, X'17, of Downers Grove, IL,died September 25.Elizabeth C. Hagan, X'18, of Northbrook, IL,died in December 1980.Margaret A. Hayes, PhB'18, died May 26. Shewas a teacher and a principal for the Chicago Public School System, for which service she receivedmany honors.Esther Carolyn Torrison Nelson, AA'18, ofDecorah, IA, died December 18.Ida Lucy Overbeck Wicher, PhB'18, of Pasadena, CA, died October 8 1988.Harry B. Allinsmith, PhB'19, of Maplewood,NJ, died May 23 1988. Survivors include his wife,Corinne E. Allinsmith, PhB'19. Orissa Knight Gaston, X'19, lived in Fredericksburg, TX.Arthur A. Sunier, SB'19, PhD'25, lived inWinter Park, FL.Anne Kennedy Gentles, PhB'20, lived inNorthbrook, IL.Arthur J. Atkinson, SB'21, SM'22, MD'24,died August 28.Louise Hamilton Harsha Bennett, PhB'21,died April 11 at the age of 91 . Survivors include hergranddaughter, Katherine Louise Wildman,AB'70.Wayne G. Brandstadt, SB'21, MD'24, a Chicago physician, died December 1.Lucile Morgan Dyson, PhB'21, of Rushville,IL, died December 25.Elizabeth Williford Nelson, PhB'21, a teacher, died August 23 1987.Ruth Dixon Elder, X'22, died May 6 1988 inSpringfield, MO. Survivors include two children.George E. Olmsted, PhB'22, died August 1 atthe age of 90 . He was former treasurer of Consumers Power Co. and former vice-president and director of the Community Water Co. He helped todevelop the Fermi Nuclear Plant, as well as a number of utilities in the U.S., Vietnam, Bolivia, andBangladesh. Survivors include his wife, Elsie, anda son.Mildred E. Faust, SM'23, PhD'33, died November 11 at the age of 89. She was retired professor of botany at Syracuse University and adjunctprofessor of botany at the State University of NewYork College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Among many honors, she received the 1982Post-Standard Woman of Achievement award.Survivors include a niece and two nephews.Edward O. Rider, PhB'23, of Greensboro, NC,died March 11 1988.Janet Lawrence Adams, X'24, died November27 at the age of 87. Survivors include four children,including Robert McCormick Adams, PhB'47,AM'52, PhD '56; nine grandchildren, includingHilary Karen Krane, JD'89, and Kyle LawrenceHarvey, JD'88; and six great-grandchildren.Harry A. Amesbury, X'24, died July 24 at theage of 92. A physician, he lived in Caldwell, ID.Virginia Bensley Trowbridge, X'24, of GreenBay, WI, died in August 1987.JohnM. Abraham, PhB'25, died May 5.Mildred Creek, PhB'25, lived in Candenton,MO.Helen Morgan Harpel Ellinghouse, PhB'25,died in December.G. Donald Hudson, PhB'25, AM'26, PhD'34,died November 27. He was professor emeritus ofgeography at the University of Washington, wherehe had served as chairman of the department from1951 to 1963. His late brothers, Harris Gary Hudson, PhD'31, and N. Paul Hudson, PhD'23, a professor of bacteriology at the University, and hislate wife, Nellie Ruckelshausen Hudson, PhB'24,all attended the University. Survivors include hisson, James Hudson, PhD'62.Richard A. Martin, SB'25, lived in Chicago.Julius Milenbach, PhB'25, of Chicago, diedSeptember 13.Erroll W. Rawson, MD'25, of Seattle, WA, diedJanuary 21 1989.Agnes Helmreich, MAT'26, died December 4at the age of 97. She was a teacher and an adviser inseveral Iowa high schools. Survivors include twobrothers.Marion King Hubbert, SB'26, SM'28,PhD'37, of Bethesda, MD, died October 11.Henry A. Swets, AM'26, of Lake Worth, FL,died May 16. Survivors include a son.Harry Whang, PhB'26, died June 29 at the ageof 88. Among survivors are two sons, includingH.Arthur Whong, AB'56.Forrest A. Young, AM'26, died October 2. Hewas professor emeritus of the Department of Economics at Macalester College.Jack P. Cowen, SB'27, MD'32, died December 5 at the age of 83. He practiced ophthalmology for30 years. An artist and a scholar, he was also interested in Middle Eastern archeology. Survivors include a sister, two nephews, and three great-nephews.Harry H. Ruskin, PhB'27, an attorney withRuskin and Rosenbaum in Chicago, died October21. He was the founder and national chairman ofthe World Jewish Bible Society of America. Survivors include his wife, Helen Siegel Ruskin,PhB'31Adele Fried Stamm, PhB'27, of La Jolla, CA,died August 23. Survivors include a brother, Herbert B. Fried, JD'32.Dorothy Swenson, PhB'27, of Iola, WI, diedFebruary 27 1989.Mabel A. Thompson, X'27, of Rome, GA, diedJune 9. Survivors include a sister.Frederick Bager, PhB'28, a free-lance designer, died June 12.Raeburn Ann O'Connor Clark, PhB'28, ofBrookfield, WI, died December 7.Lillian Engelsen, PhB'28, of Albert Lea, MN,died in May at the age of 103.Arthur O. Hickson, PhD'28, professor emeritus of mathematics at Duke University, died October 14. He served Duke for over 35 years.Esther Hoffman Howe, PhB'28, lived inDwight, IL.Margaret Bobbitt Miller, PhB'28, died September 28. She was a member of Driscoll Boulevard Baptist Church and Alpha Omicron Pisorority. Survivors include two sons, eight grandchildren, and two great-grandsons.Claude C. Noland, MAT'28, of Anderson, IN,died January 31 1989. Survivors include a son.William H. Perkins, PhB'28, lived in Largo,FL.Dorothea Rudnick, PhB'28, PhD'31, of LosAlamos, NM, died January 10. Survivors includeher brother, Paul Rudnick, SB'30, PhD'36.Harriet Phillips Smoler, PhB'28, of HighlandPark, IL, died in November 1988.Benjamin L. Sacks, PhB'28, JD'29, died November 26 at the age of 84. He was an attorney inChicago for over 50 years. He belonged to KAMIsaiah Israel and the Chicago Loop Synagogue.Survivors include his wife, Mildred, and a sister.Selig Starr, PhB'28, AM'30, former professorof Talmudic law at Yeshiva Darche Noam, Jerusalem, Israel, died November 2. Survivors includehis daughter, Sarane Starr Loeb, AB'53, AM'55,and his grandson, Robert Loeb, JD'87.Andrew Westervelt, AM'28, died November16 at his home in Goshen, NY. A well-known writer, photographer, and educator, he wrote severalvolumes of poetry, as well as short stories andplays. Survivors include his wife, Avahlee; threedaughters; five stepchildren; eight grandchildren; seven step-grandchildren; and one greatgrandchild.Harry Axon, PhB'29, of Hillsborough, CA,died October 26. He was president of Axon's WoolServices.Albert Beauvais, X'29, of Birmingham, MI,died in July.Margaret Helen Boiler, PhB'29, of La GrangePark, IL, died September 19.Albert Bridgman, MBA'29, of Swartz Creek,MI, died June 15 1987.Barbara Knapp Campbell, SB'29, SM'31, diedMarch 5 1985. Survivors include her husband,Kenneth N. Campbell, SB'28, PhD'32.Margaret Adkinson Chapman, PhB'29, ofCarmi, IL, died September 23.Samuel H. Eppstein, AB'29, of Kalamazoo,MI, died August 22 1984.Margaret Margrave, AM'29, of KennettSquare, PA, died October 26.Helen Edith Marshall, AM'29, died in Augustat the age of 90 . She was professor emeritus of history at Illinois State University, Normal, whereshe taught for 32 years. She was the author of51Dorothea Dix: Forgotten Samaritan.Paul L. Palmer, X'29, of Chattanooga, TN,died January 15.William T. Radius, AM'29, died November 19at the age of 83. He was a professor at Calvin College, where he taught classical languages, ancienthistory, and ancient philosophy for 43 years. Survivors include his wife, Marianne; three children;a brother; and a sister.Paul Reinertsen, MD'29, died January 22 atthe age of 90.Dorothy Hopkins Schaad, AM'29, diedMarch 3 1988.Virginia Collins Carnes Toole, X'29, died inApril 1989. Survivors include her daughter, Constance Carnes Bradley, AB'61Caroline King Simons Whitney, PhB'29, diedOctober 22 at the age of 81. She was president ofher local Girl Scout Council and was involved inmany community activities. She received the University's Alumni Citizenship Award, as well as theGirl Scouts' Thanks Badge Award, their highesthonor. Survivors include four children and eightgrandchildren.Hilda Diamond Armin, PhB'30, CLA'30, livedin Chicago.Raymond Dickinson, PhB'30, of Springfield,IL, died August 20.John B. Haeberlin, Jr., SB'30, of Scottsdale,AZ, died January 8 1988. Survivors include hiswife, Clare.Dena Badonna Shlaes Childs, PhB'30, livedin Chicago.James W. Hall, Jr., SB'30, MD'35, of TraverseCity, MI, died October 4. Survivors include hiswife, Jacqueline.William J. Holmes, SB'30, MD'34, of Honolulu, HI, died September 20.Manuel Laderman, X'30, of Denver, CO, diedNovember 27.Edward J. McShane, Phd'30, lived in Charlottesville, VA. He was professor emeritus at the University of Virginia .Muriel Rosh, PhB'30, a pianist and composer,died in February at the age of 82 . Survivors includeher husband, Henry, and two sons.Nathan Shock, PhD'30, widely consideredthe father of modern research on aging, died November 12 at the age of 83. He had been scientificdirector of the National Institutes of Healths's National Institute on Aging. Survivors include twosons, a sister, seven grandchildren, and two greatgrandchildren.Daniel Dean Swinney, PhB'30, AM'38, diedof heart failure on October 24 at the age of 79. Hewas a retired official of the U. S. Public Health Service, recruiting medical personnel worldwide fortraining in public health. He was a member of theAmerican Public Health Association and the National Peace Institute Foundation. Survivors include his wife, Olive Walker Swinney, AM'37; hisdaughter, Mary Lael Swinney Stegall, AM'64; ason; and four grandchildren.Jean Wunderlich, AM'30, LLB'31, lived inMoab, UT.Harriette L. Brown, AB'31, died June 4 at theage of 79. She was a retired administrator of theColumbus Public School System. She was pastpresident of Delta Kappa Gamma and Woman ofthe Year of the Quota Club. Survivors include asister, nieces and nephews, and friend VictoriaMiller.Mildred Moody Eakin, X'31, lived in Lakeland, FL.Arnold F. Emch, X'31, of Estes Park, CO, diedJuly 21.Grace Goslin Herberts, AM'31, of La GrangePark, IL, died August 2.Frederick Hurd, AM'31, of New York City,died January 10.Richard M. Korten, PhB'31, died July 29 inPalm Beach, FL. Survivors include his wife, Evelyn; four daughters; and seven grandchildren. Peggy Russell Nelson, PhB'31, lived in SanFrancisco, CA. Survivors include her sister, JeanRussell Miller, AB'38.Morgan S. Odell, PhD'31, president emeritusof Lewis & Clark College, died December 26 1984.Edna Righeimer, PhB'31, of River Forest, IL,died September 2.Harry Severson, MBA'31, died January 1 at theage of 88 . He taught college economics and financebefore joining the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, later entering private practice as a financial analyst and bond consultant. Survivors include a nephew and two nieces.John W. Stastny, SB '31, a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University, died February 3 at the ageof 79. He was a family physician in Oak Park, IL,and a member emeritus of the Chicago MedicalSociety.Ruth L. Bradish, AM'32, lived in Glendale,AZ.William Brett, MAT'32, died September 9 atthe age of 98.Marion S. Stonesifer Dahlstrom, PhB'32, ofSun City Center, FL, died August 4. Survivors include her husband, Jack.Thomas S. Elder, PhB'32, died in an auto accident. Survivors include his wife, Eunice.Lillian M. Johnson, SM'32, PhD'38, of Cincinnati, OH, died August 4,Bernardine Wende Beehler, X'33, of Sarasota,FL, died July 5 1986.Raymond G. Price, MBA'32, professor emeritus of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,died December 19 1987. Survivors include hiswife, Katherine.Dorothy Lasch White, PhB'32, died July 30.She was an active member of the McHenry CountyFriends Meeting. Survivors include two daughters, including Christine White Dauphine,AB'62, and three grandchildren.Albert Blumenthal, PhD'33, of El Toro, CA,died June 22 1988.Robert Duguid, MD'33, died July 20.Annabel Fox Field, X'33, died October 7 1988.Sylvia Block Fish, PhB'33, lived in Westport,CT.Henry G. Hilken, X'33, of Bethesda, MD, diedNovember 6. Survivors include his wife, AnneRiddle Hilken, X'35.Freida Klopfenstein, X'33, lived in Tucson,AZ.John Farwell, AB'34, of Oak Park, IL, died October 3 1978. While at the University, he was amember of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity.Survivors include his wife, Carol.Chi-Nan Hu, PhD'34, died December 20 inShanghai, China. He was professor of psychologyat East China Normal University.Milton E. Olin, PhB'34, died December 27 ofcardiac arrest. He was 79 years old and lived in LosAngeles. Survivors include his wife, Astrid, andtwo children.Joseph S. Einstein, AB'35, of Skokie, IL, diedSeptember 18 at the age of 73. Survivors includehis wife, Elaine.Dexter Fairbank, X'35, of Portland, OR, diedin August.Rolland F. Hatfield, AB'35, MBA'35, lived inLaguna Hills, CA. Survivors include his wife,Charlotte Tragnitz Hatfield, AB'35, and his sister,Genevieve Hatfield Popelar, AB'40.Merrill B. Johns, Jr., X'35, died July 11 in SantaFe, NM. Survivors include two daughters.Irving Nelson, PhB'35, died October 22 at theage of 78. He was a lawyer for over 50 years.Miriam S. McCurdy Shepherd, SM'35, livedin Lebanon, OH.Elizabeth V. Clapp, SM'36, of Pleasantville,NY, died October 14 1988.Lester Newquist, AB'36, died November 18 atthe age of 79. He was a retired partner in the firmBrown Brothers Harriman & Co. in New York City.While at the University, he was elected Phi Beta Kappa and Delta Sigma Pi, as the top scholar inthe graduating class. During WW II, he servedin the Office of Strategic Services, the predecessorof the Central Intelligence Agency. Survivors include his wife, Barbara; two sons; a sister; and twograndchildren.Charles C. Nicola, AB'36, of Denver, CO, diedin May.George P. Kendall, AB'36, died January 12 atthe age of 75. A veteran of WW II, he retired fromhis Houston, TX, manufacturing business in 1980.Survivors include his wife, Betty; two daughters;a sister; a brother; and a granddaughter.Norbert Burgess, AB'37, died January 25 attheage of 74. A veteran of WW II, he worked at San-ford Corp. for 42 years. He was past president ofthe River Forest Country Club.Martin I. Dollin, MD'37, died November 6.He practiced psychiatry for 45 years in Queens,NY. He was a life fellow of the American MedicalAssociation and of the American Psychiatric Society. Survivors include his wife, Ruth; a daughter;and a grandson.Mildred A. Linden, PhB'37, of Rancho SantaFe, CA, died December 17 1988.Edith Winegar Lockwood, SB'37, lived inLake Worth, FL.Bradford Wiles, AB'37, died November 11 atthe age of 75. He was patent attorney and partnerat Wood, Dalton, Phillips, Mason, & Rowe, Chicago . A veteran of WW II, he was a champion marksman, former chairman of the Chicago Bar Association's Ethics Committee, and a charter member ofthe Society of the Fifth Line. Survivors includetwo daughters and two grandchildren.J. Raymond Adams, AM'38, of Seattle, WA,died November 21 1988.Carroll P. Brady, PhD'38, lived in Folsom, CA.Lee Gray, MD'38, died in Santa Barbara, CA,on January 14 1989. Survivors include his wile,Bettyann Nelson Gray, AB'35, and two children.Hans E. Guloien, MD'38, of Dickinson, ND,died November 8.Clair W. Judd, MD'38, died October 21 at theage of 78, following a long illness. He served in thewar effort of WW II, earning a citation from President Roosevelt. After the war, he ran a privatepractice and then joined the emergency room staffat Utah Valley Hospital until his retirement in 1980.After retirement, he participated in many professional and civic organizations. Survivors includehis wife, Gladys; five children; 16 grandchildren;and a brother.Blair Kinsman, SB'38, died November 2 attheage of 74. An oceanographer, he served on the faculty of Johns Hopkins University for 20 years. Asan authority on ocean waves, his book on the subject is used as a standard text. He also operated anindependent consulting firm. Survivors includehis wife, Dorothy, and a daughter.FosterL. Lee, AM'38, of Joliet, IL, died July 18.Seymour S. Rosenhouse, AB'38, of counsel toMarvin A. Marder, Esq., Highland Park, IL, diedAugust 24. Survivors include his wife, Jeanne; adaughter; two sons, Michael A. Rosenhouse,JD'74, and Daniel H. Rosenhouse, AB'73; and hissister, Dorothy Rosenhouse Lidov, AB'36.Francis B. Kelly, MD'39, lived in JohnsonCity, TN.Henry G. Grossman, AB'39, died October 30at the age of 71. He was the owner of a business inSkokie, IL, from which he retired last year. He wasalso a member of the University's class of 1940 reunion committtee. Survivors include his wife,Jeannien; three children; and a brother, Arthur I.Grossman, AB'35, JD'37.Francis B. Kelly, MD'39, of Johnson City, TN,died November 2.Robert B. Kramer, AB'39, died at the age of 72,Before retirement, he was a partner in the law firmKramer and Kramer. He had been city attorneyand justice of the peace for Elgin, IL. He alsoserved as arbitrator for the American Arbitration52 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990Association, and was a veteran of WW II. Survivors include his wife, Dorothy; two children; fourgrandchildren; and three brothers.Adele Rose Saxe, AB'39, died October 1.While at the University, she served as co-editor ofthe Daily Maroon and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Survivors include her husband, David Saxe,AB'36.Cornelia L. Mallison Seale, X'39, of Lafayette, LA, died January 12.Theobald C. Breihan, AB'40, of Redlands,CA, died December 10 1988.Mary Don, X'40, of Peoria, IL, died October31.Frank M. Gatto, MD'40, a physician, died ofcoronary disease on June 2. Survivors include hiswife, Virginia.Julian Jacobson, AB'40, died December 8.Survivors include his wife, Helena.Marion Orava, X'40, of Walker, MN, diedOctober 5.Edward Stanwood III, AM'40, an attorney,died November 14 in Lihue, HI.Tom W. Waller, X'40, died August 15 in NorthLittle Rock, AK. Survivors include his wife, M.Lois Roff Waller, SB'42.Alma H. Cottam, MD'41, lived in Salt LakeCity, UT.Frank H. McCracken, AB'41, of New Canaan,CT, died in November 1988.George L. Nardi, SB'41, MD'44, died December 5 at the age of 66. A surgeon at MassachusettsGeneral Hospital, he was an expert on diseases ofthe pancreas. Survivors include his wife, Sally;five children; and seven grandchildren.Regene Mikell Coleman, X'42, lived in Salisbury, NC.Willard G. Foote, X'42, of Carbondale,IL, died May 29. Survivors include his wife,Charlotte.Robert M. Harrison, AM'42, died June 20.Robert I. Jackson, SB'42, worked as anagronomist with USAID and IRRI/Philippines inIndonesia, Sudan, and Ghana. Survivors includehis wife, Carol Miller Jackson, SB '45, and hisdaughter, Cynthia Jackson, AM'72.Sylvia E. Bowman, AM'43, died December 24at the age of 75. She was a professor of English, anauthor, and a retired Indiana University administrator. During her 34 years at I.U., site becamethe first woman chancellor of a Big Ten university.Survivors include a sister.Elizabeth Eiselen, PhD'43, died January 27 atthe age of 79. She was chairman of the geographydepartment at Wellesley College, as well as afreelance editor and author. She served as president of the National Council for Geographic Education and the Geographical Society of Chicago.She was the recipient of the Distinguished Geographic Educator Award of the Illinois GeographicSociety and the George J. Miller DistinguishedService Award. Survivors include a niece and twonephews.Harriet Jorgensen Jensen, AB'43, of PalosPark, IL, died December 8. Survivors include herhusband, Kenneth J. Jensen, SB'42, and daughter, Lois Jensen, AB'77.Carroll M. Moon, X'44, executive directoremeritus of the University Religious Center inFresno, CA, died September 15.Blakely M. Murphy, LLM'44, of Orion, IL,died October 26 1987. Survivors include his wife,Betty.Marda J. Newton, X'44, died May 21 1988.John A. Pettit, AM'44, died July 2. A retiredprofessor of Spanish and former chairman of theRomance languages department at Marietta College, he was also a Fulbright Scholar.Elizabeth Spencer, AB'44, of Wilmington,NC, died November 21 1988.Edith Ford Biddle, BLS'45, of West Lafayette,IN, died September 18 1987. Survivors include herhusband, Reason. Dorothy M. Johnson, AM'45, was a socialworker and lived in Greeley, CO.Betty Jane Stearns, PhB'45, AM'48, died January 18 at the age of 64. She was senior consultantfor Porter Novelli, formerly the Public RelationsBoard, where she worked for nearly 40 years. Shereceived three Silver Anvil awards from the PublicRelations Society of America, and a series of radiobroadcasts that she wrote and produced won anArmstrong Award. She also served on a variety ofcommunity boards. Survivors include a brotherand three nieces.John L. Welch, X'45, of Le Sueur, MN, diedOctober 1. He was director of food science at thePillsbury Co. Survivors include his wife,Margaret.George Harold Orwig, SB'46, SM'48, diedSeptember 23 at the age of 70. A veteran of WW II,he was a retired senior analyst for RCA Service Co .Survivors include his wife, Ruby; four children;his mother; and two grandchildren.Virginia Knipe Sachs, AM'46, lived in SanJose, CA.William E. Shanks, MBA 46, of Jackson, MS,died July 31. He was a certified public accountant.John S. Wright, PhD'46, of Las Vegas, NV,died August 10. He was professor emeritus of theUniversity of Nevada, Las Vegas, where he was amember of the founding faculty. Survivors include his wife, Lucille; three sons, a brother; andtwo grandchildren.Alvin C. Conway, SB'47, SM'48, lived in St.Paul, MN.Clinton W. Barlow, AB'47, lived in Wheaton,IL.Sim Lasher, SM'47, PhD'67, died January 5.He was associate professor emeritus at the University of Illinois, Chicago.Chandler W. Rowe, AM'47, PhD'51, died September 5 at the age of 71. He was the foundingpresident of Hawaii Loa College, Oahu, where heserved until his retirement in 1977. He also was aresearcher at the Bishop Museum and was activein his church. Survivors include his wife,Margaret; three children; nine grandchildren;and one great-grandchild.Elder L. Shearon, Jr., X'47, of Memphis, TN,died September 20. Survivors include his wife,Mary.Helen Heacock Ellis, AM'48, lived in Albuquerque, NM.Muriel H. Hanson, AM'48, lived in Montclair,CA.Ross P. Randolph MBA 48, of Lakehurst, NJ,died April 24 1989.James J. Blake, AB '49, died July 17 at the age of64. He was vice-president of Enesco Corp. andserved in the U.S. Army from 1944 to 1946. Survivors include his wife, Alice Olson Blake, PhB'46.George K. Brinegar, AM'49, PhD'52, diedJanuary 13 1989. He was professor and director ofinternational programs at the University of Illinois, Champaign. Survivors include his wife.G. Robert Harrison, AB'49, AM'61, of FortMeyers, FL, died March 1 1987. Survivors includehis wife, Eileen.Eric T. Dean, AB'50, DB'53, PhD'59, a professor at Wabash College, died in May. Survivors include his wife, Betty Garrett Dean, PhB'49, andhis son, Jonathan Dean, AM'85.Sarah Sussman Farber, BSS'50, AM'52, diedDecember 6 at the age of 61. She was a supervisorand clinician for the Division of Mental Health inOrange County, NY, and had a private practice as apsychiatric social worker. She was involved inmany organizations, including the National Association of Social Workers and her local chapter ofHadassah. Survivors include her husband,Bernard E. Farber, AM'49; three daughters; and abrother.Alfred Flarsheim, CLA'50, lived in Wilmette,IL. Survivors include his wife, Marjorie Marquette Flarsheim, X'50. Melvin S. Gordon, AB'50, died November 4.He was president of CAPP Associates, Inc, in WestChester, PA, and was a member of the QuadrangleFund.Ralph D. Maguire, SB '50, vice-president andactuary at Travelers Insurance Co., Hartford,CT, died August 6 after a battle with Parkinsondisease.Francis B. Mahoney, AM'50, died in November 1981.Margaret Shea Doheny, MAT'51, died October 28 at the age of 63. She was an elementaryteacher with the Chicago Public School System for28 years. Survivors include four daughters, tengrandchildren, and two sisters.George W. Hohl, PhD'51, professor emeritusat Iowa State University, died October 5.Frank Osterwald, PhD'51, of Lakewood, CO,died August 27. He served in the army during WWII, receiving many honors. He worked for the U.S.Geological Survey for 31 years, was a fellow of theGeological Society of America, a photographer,and was active in the Boy Scouts. He also collaborated with his wife on a guidebook to the RockyMountain National Park. Survivors include hiswife, Doris; four children; andfive grandchildren.Joseph R. Royce, PhD'51, died September 21at the age of 68. He established the University ofAlberta's Department of Psychology, and co-founded the Center for Advanced Study in Theoretical Psychology, where he served as director. Hewas the author of many scientific papers, contributed chapters to books, was an editor, and a coauthor. Survivors include his wife, Lee; two children; and two grandchildren.Joseph A. Shapiro, MBA'51, of SanMateo, CA,died June 2. Survivors include Bernice AronsonShapiro, SB'31.William J. Daniels, X'52, a hospital administrator, died November 1 in Santa Monica, CA .Survivors include his wife, Kaye, and three children.Arthur Woodward, MD'52, died January 1 atthe age of 66. He had practiced urology in Waterloo, IA, for the last 34 years. Survivors include hiswife, five children, and nine grandchildren.Morris H. De Groot, SM'54, PhD'58, died November 2. He was University Professor Emeritusof Statistics and Industrial Administration atCarnegie Mellon University, where he was thefounding head of his department. He wrote threebooks, some 100 papers, and edited four volumes.Among many honors, he received the Otto WirthAward for outstanding scholarship. Survivors include his wife, Marilyn; two children; two stepchildren; his parents; and a sister.Robert T. Key, AB'54, who was a Ford Scholarat the University, died September 7 at the age of 52 .Survivors include his wife, Mireille.Bernice E. Orchard, X'54, of Madison, WI,died September 7.Robert G. Hedlund, Sr., MBA'55, of Chicago,died November 26.Elmer S. Monsen, X'55, of Glen Ellyn, IL, diedSeptember 14.Rose Lasher, AB'56, AM'57, died October 17.She was an assistant professor at De Paul University, Chicago.Samuel J. Greenberg, MBA'57, died October 4after a battle with cancer. He was director of themuseum shops at the Smithsonian Institution.Survivors include his wife, Elaine.Marshall Parkhurst, MBA'57, died September26. Survivors include his wife, Evelyn.Dale R. Patterson, AM'58, of Evergreen, CO,died June 21.Lawrence H. Thompson, AM'59, died September 9 at the age of 58 from heart complications.He was a missionary-social worker and a residentof Japan, where he made many contributions tothe advance of social work. Survivors include hiswife, Catherine, and two sons.Duane Beeler, AM'60, of Homewood, IL, diedin January.53Frank Kapple, MBA 62, lived in Littleton, CO.AlanB. Sternshein, AB'65, of PortTownsend,WA, died January 1 1989 at the age of 45. Survivorsinclude a daughter.Elmer C. Proehle, MBA'66, of Rossford, OH,died October 30.Charles L. Shano, MBA'66, of Phoenix, AZ,died February 24 1989. He was president of Control Dynamics, Inc.Robert Kostal, MBA'68, of Summit, NJ, diedJune 26. He was business development managerfor Energy Factors.Robert Koss, AB'70, died of an aneurism onFebruary 6 1989. He lived in Westchester, IL.Dean S. Schlegel, MBA'72, died January 7 atthe age of 42. He was financial vice-president ofCass Communications, Inc., in Evanston, IL. AsARTS & LETTERSCharlotte Digregorio, AM'79, Beginners' Guideto Writing & Selling Quality Features (Civetta Press).The author, a journalism teacher, provides a guidefor freelancers that can also be used as a college orhigh school journalism text.Robert J. Goldstein, AM'71, PhD'76, Censorship of Political Caricature in Nineteenth-Century France(Kent State University Press) . This is an account ofthe struggle over freedom of caricature between1815 and 1914. Illustrated by many caricaturesof the time, the book traces attempts by the authorities to control opposition political drawingsand the attempts of caricaturists to evade suchrestrictions.A revolution in communicationsMartha A. Sandweiss, Rick Stewart, AM'78,and Ben W. Huseman, Eyewitness to War: Prints andDaguerreotypes of the Mexican War, 1846-1848(Smithsonian Institution Press). The Mexican Warprovides a context and material for a discussion ofthe development of the new technology of photography and its effects on communication. The war,which was the first major event to be recorded inthis form, was integral to the revolution in communications, including mass-circulation newspapersand the wire service. Over 50 included daguerreotypes and prints, many in color, are examinedfor their historical accuracy, as well as for theirartistry.Barbara Schmitz, AM '60, Islamic Manuscripts inthe New York Public Library (Oxford UniversityPress). part of his lifelong interest in classical music, heserved on the junior governing board of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Survivors include abrother and a sister.Marina Adriana Baraldini, AB'74, AM'74, ofBrussels, Belgium, died in an aircrash on September 19.Martha Joellyn Greer, AB'79, died March 51989 in Columbus, IN. Survivors include her father, Martin L. Greer, AB'40, and her sister, Susanna Greer Fein, AB'73.Thomas William Behrend, MBA'86, died July26 1988. He was an environmental planner withL.B. Knight & Associates in Chicago.MarkB. Mickelberry, AM'86, died August 29.He was library automation coordinator at theNewberry Library, Chicago.BIOGRAPHYRobert A. Miller, AB'42, Division Commander: ABiography of Major General Norman D. Cota (The Reprint Co., Publishers). "Dutch" Cota's WW II accomplishments, as well as his beliefs, attitudes,and loyalties, are examined in this study of a military hero.Edward F. Polic, MBA'76, The Glenn Miller ArmyAir Force Band: Sustineo Alas— I Sustain the Wings(Scarecrow Press). This two-volume book coversMiller's army years, including an overall history ofhis band, its detailed activities, and scripts of wartime performances.John R. Schmidt, PhD'83, The Mayor WhoCleaned Up Chicago (Northern Illinois UniversityPress). This is the story of William E. Denver, the1920s reform mayor who gained national fame forrunning the gangsters out of the city and forfounding the city's Democratic machine.Esther Lanigan Stineman, Mary Austin: Song ofa Maverick (Yale University Press). Austin, a feminist writer of the American West, was the author ofthirty books of fiction, naturist writing, and autobiography. Stineman's critical biography analyzesAustin's work in the context of her personal life.BUSINESS & ECONOMICSHermanE. Daly and John B.Cobb, Jr., AM'49,PhD'52, For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economytoward Community, the Environment, and a SustainableFuture (Beacon Press). The authors agree thateconomic theory is based on many outmodedabstractions, and they outline new ways that governments can foster community and protect theenvironment.Philip C. Kolin, AM'67, Successful Writing atWork (D. C. Heath). This is the third edition of Ko-lin's introductory text for business and technicalwriting, emphasizing writing as a process in thework world.Arthur MacEwan, AB'63, Debt and Disorder: International Economic Instability and U. S. Imperial Decline(Monthly Review Foundation). The author examines the roots of today's debt crisis in the history ofthird world underdevelopment and in the currentinstability of advanced capitalist economies, proposing alternatives for a progressive response tothe crisis.Arthur MacEwan, AB'63, and William K.Tabb, editors, Instability and Change in the World Economy (Monthly Review Foundation) . This collection of essays analyzes links between stagnation andinstability in the world economy and changes innational and local economies.Bruce A. Shuman, AB'63, AM'65, contributor, Reference and Information Services: A Reader (Scarecrow Press). Shuman contributed "Problem Patrons in Libraries— A Review Article" for thisfourth edition.Hilary Wolpert Silver, AB'82, Bahira, Sim-cha, Sacher, and Rouen, The Economy of Jordan andPossibilities for Economic Cooperation between Israel andJordan: An Overview (the Arman Hammer Fund forEconomic Cooperation in the Middle East, and TelAviv University).Hilary Wolpert Silver, AB'82, Energy "88-Energy in Israel: Data, Activities, Policies, and Programs(Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, Israel).EDUCATIONPhilip G. Altbach, AB'62, AM'63, PhD'66, co-editor, From Dependence to Autonomy: The Developmentof Asian Universities (Kluwer). The impact of theWest on higher education in Asia is seen in the development of the university systems of Japan, China, India, and other countries.Philip G. Altbach, AB'62, AM'63, PhD'66, co-editor, Scientific Development and Higher Education:The Case of Newly Industrializing Nations (Praeger).The academic systems of Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Maylasia are discussed in terms of thesecountries' industrial and scientific growth.Lester F. Goodchild, PhD'86, and Harold S.Wechsler, ASHE Reader on the History of Higher Education (Ginn Press). The seventh in a series, this textcovers the history of U.S. higher education fromcolonial times to the present. In describing the evolution of American colleges and universities,new research shows how discriminatory practicesof the early 20th century encouraged institutionaldiversity.FICTION & POETRYRandy Biasing, AM'66, TheDoubleHouseofLife:Poems (Persea Books).Everett C. Olson, SB'32, SM'33, PhD'35, TheOther Side of the Medal (MacDonald Woodward Publishing Co.). Olson includes some of his and hiswife's experiences in the Soviet Union in this semi-autobiographical work.Nicholas A. Patricca, AM'69, PhD'72, Gardi-nia's '«' Blum (Dramatic Publishing Co.) Patricca'splay is a full-length comedy.HISTORY & CURRENT EVENTSDavid Fromkin, AB'50, JD'53, A Peace to End allPeace: Creating the Modern Middle East, 1914-1922(Henry Holt in the U.S., Andre Deutsch in GreatBritain).Donald Lateiner, AB'65, The Historical MethodofHerodotus (University of Toronto Press). In examining how the Greek historian Herodotus recordedthe sixth and fifth centuries B.C., the author proposes that the historian included stories of the supernatural in order to illustrate the culture that reported them . Lateiner argues that Herodotus usedmethods that combined the modern techniques ofhistory, anthropology, and folklore studies.W. Bruce Lincoln, PhD'66, Red Victory: A History of Russia's Civil War (Simon & Schuster). Lincolnanalyzes how the Bolsheviks overcame virtuallyworld-wide opposition to their revolution andtransformed Imperial Russia into the SovietUnion.George V. Pixley, AM'62, PhD'68, HistoriaSa-grada, Historia Popular: Historiade Israel desdelosPobres(D.E.I.).Philip Pomper, AB'59, AM'61, PhD'65, Lenin,Trotsky, and Stalin: The Intelligentsia and Power (Co-lumbia University Press). In a "psycho-history"for scholars and general readers, recently availa-BOOKS by Alumni54 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990ble materials show how politics and identity interacted in the lives of the three Soviet leaders during the crucial period of 1907-1929.Margaret Gibbons Wilson, AB'65, MAT'69,Floridians at Work: Yesterday and Today (Mercer University Press). One hundred years of labor in Floridaare examined through photographs and archivalsources.POLITICAL SCIENCE & LAWPhilip G. Altbach, AB'62, AM'63, PhD'66,editor, Student Political Activism (Greenwood). Adiscussion of student politics in thirty countriesfocuses on its changing situation over the past twodecades.George Anastaplo, AB'48, JD'51, PhD'64, TheConstitution of 1787: A Commentary (Johns HopkinsUniversity Press). This is the first section-by-section commentary on the text of the U. S. Constitution of 1787.Nathan Brown, AB'80, Peasant Politics in ModernEgypt (Yale University Press) . Focusing on the people of Egypt, Brown argues against the conventional view that peasant politics consist of politicalpassivity punctuated by rare rebellions. Instead,he writes, the political behavior of peasants is acontinuous defense of livelihood and communityagainst threats from elites and the state.How to know whodunitGreg Fallis and Ruth Greenberg, AB'76, BeYour Own Detective (M. Evans and Co.). Fallis, a licensed private detective, and Greenberg, a criminal defense lawyer, provide a guide to everythingfrom tailing and eavesdropping to accessing public records.Daniel L. Kurtz, JD'68, Board Liability: Guide forNonprofit Directors (Moyer Bell Limited). Meantmainly for non-lawyers, this guide to the legalprinciples that govern the liability of the heads ofcharitable organizations discusses duties, issuesof governance, and indemnification.John Mueller, AB'60, Retreat from Doomsday:The Obsolescence of Major War (^asic Books). Focusingon war as an idea and institution, the author argues that there has been a long-term trend awayfrom war in the developed world.Frank Louis Rusciano, AM'78, PhD'83, Isolation and Paradox (Greenwood Press). Exploring thedistinction between public and private sectors inliberal societies, the author argues that the notionof "public" can lead to a revitalization of the termin modern social analysis. RELIGION & PHILOSOPHYNorman Chaney, AM'69, PhD'75, Six Images ofHuman Nature (Prentice Hall). The ideas of Confucius, Sophocles, Augustine, Hobbes, Hume, andDewey are approached through asking three questions: What can I know? What ought I to do? Forwhat can I hope?Gary Comstock, AM'77, PhD'83, editor, IsThere a Moral Obligation to Save the Family Farm? (IowaState University Press). This collection of essaysfocuses on the ethical dimensions of agriculture,particularly on the demise of family owned andoperated mid-sized farms.Richard Eldridge, AM'76, PhD'81, On MoralPersonhood: Philosophy, Literature, Criticism, and Self-Understanding (University of Chicago Press). Theauthor argues that literature is the most importantsource of insights for a historicized Kantian moralphilosophy: that only through the interpretationof narratives can we test our moral capacities.Leila Whitney Galbraith, AB'29, Illuminationson the Synoptic Gospels (CSS Publishing). This anthology of readings from thinkers and theologianson the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke is auseful tool for students of the Bible.Thomas W. Overholt, DB'61, AM'63, PhD'67,Channels of Prophecy: The Social Dynamics of PropheticActivity (Fortess Press).Lawrence A. Palinkas, AB'74, The Discourse ofImmigrant Chinese Churches (George Mason University Press). Religious rhetoric, including its cultural foundations and its role in sociocultural change,is explored in terms of the ethnography of the religious discourse of Chinese immigrant churches.Bruce M. Sullivan, PhD'84, Krsna VaipayanaVyasa and the Mahabharata: A New Interpretation (E. J.Brill).Carlyle Fielding Stewart III, AM'74, God, Being, and Liberation: A Comparative Analysis of the Theologies and Ethics of James H. Cone and Howard Thurman(University Press of America). The liberation perspectives of two of the most prominent black religious thinkers of the 20th century are used to clarify the structure of Black Theology.James G. Wolf, AM'85, co-author and editor,Gay Priests (Harper and Row) .SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYThomas A. Bass, AB'73, Campingwith thePrinceand other Tales of Science in Africa (Houghton MifflinCo. ) . On a two-year journey across Africa, Bass experienced an intellectual odyssey, watching thehuman drama of Western science colliding withtraditional culture.William A. Cramer, and David B. Knaff , Energy Transduction in Biological Membranes: A Textbook ofBioenergetics (Springer- Verlag). This graduate-leveltextbook describes the basic theoretical and experimental foundations of bioenergetics and reportsrecent discoveries in molecular biology.Victor Dropkin, PhD'40, and Elizabeth Zabe-lin Dropkin, SB'34, Introduction to Plant Nematology(Wiley Interscience). This revised second editionhas been published in Spanish and Bah-Indonesian.Charles E. Hecht, SM'54, PhD'56, StatisticalThermodynamics and Kinetic Theory (W. H. Freemanand Co.). Standard topics, especially those involving critical phenomena, are given a contemporary treatment. The author also provides an introduction to new research on fractal geometry,deterministic chaos, and cellular automata.Kevin Krisciunas, AM'76, and Bill Yenne, ThePictorial Atlas of the Universe (Mallard Press).Through text and images, the reader is taken ona tour of the universe.Richard Mintel, SB'60, PhD'65, and RichardGumport, SB'60, PhD'68, co-authors, A Student'sCompanion to Stryer's Biochemistry (W. H. Freeman &Co.).Martin A. Tanner, AB'78, SM'81, PhD'82, In vestigations for a Course in Statistics (Macmillan). Fifteen activities designed to highlight concepts andmethods in introductory statistics allow hands-onpractice with statistics.SOCIAL & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCELaura E. Berk, AM'67, PhD'69, Child Development (Allyn and Bacon). This comprehensive textexplores past and present theory and research,and their applications to child development.Frank Costin, MAT'41, PhD'48, and Juris G.Draguns, Abnormal Psychology: Patterns, Issues, Interventions (John Wiley & Sons).J. T. Dillon, AM'71, PhD'78, The Practice ofQuestioning (Routledge) . This detailed treatment ofthe practice of questioning in all fields coversclassrooms, courtrooms, journalism, and opinionpolls.Ken Frieden, AM'78, Freud's Dream of Interpretation (State University of New York Press) . Throughthe juxtaposition of biblical, Talmudic, and Freudian dream interpretation, the author shows howFreud evaded coming to terms with his forerunners, despite his awareness of significant resonances between his work and that of ancient Jewish sources.James Garbarino, Frances M. Stott, AB'63,AM'74, and the faculty of the Erikson Institute,What Children Can Tell Us (Jossey-Bass). How adultscan elicit, interpret, and evaluate informationfrom children.Jerry Gerber, Janet Wolff, and Walter Klores,MBA'64, Lifetrends: The Future of Baby Boomers andOther Aging Americans (Macmillan). How society,government, and economics will change as the"baby boomers" grow older.Audreye E. Johnson, AM'57, editor, The BlackExperience Workshop's Collected Papers, volumes I andII (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill).Richard G. Klein, AM'64, PhD'66, TheHumanCareer: Human Biological and Cultural Origins (University of Chicago Press). The 80 million years of evolution from the earliest primates through theemergence of fully modern humans is presentedboth for students and for those seeking a comprehensive summary of human biological and behavioral evolution.Jacqueline B. Person, AB'72, Cognitive Therapyin Practice: A Case Formulation Approach (W. W. Norton& Co . ) . For both beginning and experienced cognitive behavior therapists, this book provides aguide to formulating cases and selecting appropriate behavioral and cognitive strategies.Sylvia Trench and Taner Oc, AM'70, editors,Current Issues in Planning (Gower Publishing Co.,Ltd.). The result of a series of seminars, these essays discuss the current arguments in planningpolicy and introduce new research in the area . Policy issues such as provisions for pedestrians, thehomeless, and jobs in the inner cities areincluded.WOMEN'S STUDIESBarbara Switalski Lesko, AB'62, AM'65, editor, Women's Earliest Records from Ancient Egypt andWestern Asia (Scholars Press of Atlanta). Contributions from a conference organized by Ms. Leskopresent documentation of the economic and legalroles of women in early societies.Naomi Lindstrom, AB'71, Women's Voice in LatinAmerican Literature (Three Continents Press). Theauthor discusses the application of feminist criticism to Latin American writing. Analyses of fiction by Latin American women and bibliographieson authors and on feminist criticism are included.For inclusion in "Books by Alumni," pleasesend the name of the book, its author, its publisher, and a short synopsis to the Books Editor,The University of Chicago Magazine, 5757Woodlawn Ave., Chicago, IL 60637.55FIRST THINGS LASTA 20th-century ArtifactThe two men critically assessing the reading by poet William Carlos Wil- replaced by such participatory eventssporty little roadster above were Hams, an exhibition celebrating the as sidewalk "chalk-ins, " Morris danc-judges for the Concours d' Elegance, part bicentennial of Dr. Johnson's diction- ing, kiosk-building competitions, andof the University's 1957 Festival of the ary, a student art show, a baseball a pi recital— a contest to see who couldArts. game against St. Joseph's College— quote from memory the most digits ofThe first Festival of the Arts (FOTA and a foreign and sports car "rallye." pi (3.14. . . .).for short) took place 45 years ago this (After all, a press release noted, cars This year's Festival of the Arts,spring. The April 14-17, 1955, event "are 20th-century artifacts.") which runs from May 12 through Maywas designed by students and admin- By the 1970s, FOTA was a month- 19, will emphasize student arts andistrators as a sort of spring Parents long celebration . Big-name performers talents, with lots of opportunities forWeekend, and "the Arts" were broadly were brought to campus, and the participation. As we go to press, theredefined. The schedule included a sports cars had disappeared, to be are no plans to revive the "rallye."56 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1990The University of ChicagoOffice of Continuing EducationSummer 1990Since its founding, the University of Chicago has sought avenues to offer its educational programs to both traditionaland nontraditional students. A central part of William Rainey Harper's vision of and commitment to excellence washis belief that a major university should provide opportunities for continuing study to individuals at all stages of lifeand career. Come join us for one or more of the following programs this summer:Summer SessionSummer Session offers a full range of courses, from anthropology to economics, from history to psychology. Inaddition to these basic offerings, some of our newest classes include:Representations of Religious Experience investigates theliterary descriptions of the divine in The Bhagavadgitdand the Book ofJob, and considers modern attempts tocomprehend these texts.Race Relations in the U. S. uses segments from Eyes onthe Prize and other texts to focus discussion of thenature of prejudice, and the relationships betweenmajority and minority groups.International Migration considers both the measurement, history, and current patterns of international migration, and its social and economic effect on sendingand receiving countries. Whose Culture Is This, Anyway? addresses subculturalformations with distinctive artistic practices, aestheticvalues, and political implications — including music,cinema, and literary movements.Other Fires surveys short fiction written by LatinAmerican women, and discusses the genre of the shortstory, political fiction, and magic realism.Intensive language study offers an entire year of Greek,Latin, Hebrew, Arabic and Portuguese within a singleten-week period. For more information, please call 312-702-6033 weekdays between 9 am and 5 pm or our 24-hour line: 312-702-2000.Summer Theatre Study Tours in CanadaFor nearly twenty years, we have offered summer theatre study tours to great North American theatre festivals. Thissummer, we invite you to join us on any one of our four tours, each conducted by a member of the University ofChicago faculty whose scholarly expertise will make your theatre-going experience especially rewarding. In pre- andconcluding tour seminars, your faculty leader will explore the historical, literary, and theatrical aspects of the plays,and analyze their interpretation.This year's tours include productions of Macbeth; The Merry Wives of Windsor; Love for Love; Guys and Dolls; Phaedra;Julius Caesar; Knight of the Burning Pestle; Ah, Wilderness!; Nymph Errant; Night Must Fall; Misalliance; As You LikeIt and Present Laughter. Tours to the Stratford Festival will take place July 5-9, August 2-6, and August 24-27. Acombined tour to both the Stratford Festival and the Shaw Festival will be offered August 26-September 3 . To requestthe Summer Theatre Study Tours brochure call 312-702-1722.Vail, ColoradoThe Management Development SeminarJune 24-July 13 and July 22-August 10Since 1957, the University of Chicago's three-week residential program has offered more than 2000 senior managersand prospective senior managers opportunities for concentrated self- development to meet the demands of presentand future responsibilities. In the tradition of interdisciplinary study at the university, the program draws on facultyfrom a variety of fields to help successful men and women test and assess their current abilities and perspectives,develop superior leadership and management skills, and consider complex issues facing today's organizations.Consider the 1990 MDS for yourself and for your colleagues. Phone 312-702-1058 for additional information.5835 S. Kimbark - Room 207, Chicago, Illinois 60637. Telephone: 312-702-0539, Telefax: 312-702-6814 1IIiIDid you graduate from theCollege in a year endingin 0 or 5? If so,this is your year for Reunion.If not, you can still join inthe celebration with any classyou choose. Grads out 60+years are especially welcome.We're also planning festivities forthe Law School classes of 1930and 1935 and the Business Schoolclasses of 1940, 1965, 1970,1975, 1980, and 1985. ty#&$ft*Lectures by:Wayne Booth, distinguished scholar and author of the acclaimed book,The Vocation of a TeacherLeon Lederman, winner of the 1988 Nobel Prize in physicsDavid Schramm, one of the world's leading cosmologists and coauthorwith Lederman of From Quarks to the CosmosMlC^c "*^*^ The Uncommon Core lecture/discussion classes, led byQuantrell Award winners DonaldLevine and Edward Rosenheim andother stellar facultyCavalcade of Classes marching toRockefeller Chapel for an alumniassembly with an address byPresident Hanna Holborn Gray Court Theatre presentation ofA Chorus of DisapprovalChicago skyline cruiseTours, receptions, picnic on theQuad, exhibits, and lots more^v^e,*** <s,iUc ^^4. ;<*.**&**HFor information, contact: Reunion 1990 The University of Chicago Alumni Association5757 South Woodlawn Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60637 (312) 753-2175THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERobie House, 5757 S. WoodlawnChicago, IL 60637ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED ************ OAK-KI SORT ** CROTTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO^156UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES^„EP»RKEN5TEIH LIBRARY1100 EAST 57TH STREETCHICAGO, r, .„.:*"'