Th^Llniversity otCHICAMagazine /Fall 1989Smart/ ArtMedical Malaise ? Hutchins as Dark Horse¦THEUNIVERSITYOF CHICAGOLIBRARYDonor's name (as it should appear < sn bookplate)Gift in honor i of/in memory of (name as it should appear on bookplate)On the occasion of (as thePlease inform- wording should appear on the bookplate)NameAddress City/State/ZipMy name/Class ofMrs. John Dewey, circa 1902. Photograph by Eva Watson Schiitze. Department of Special Collections, The University ofChicago LibraryTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY FUND FOR BOOKSPlease accept this gift of $ for books at $50 per book.Please make checkspayable to:The University of ChicagoLibraryPlease mail to:Mr. Martin Runkle, DirectorAttention: Fund for BooksThe University of ChicagoLibrary1100 East 57th StreetChicago, IL 60637Your contribution is taxdeductible as providedby law.Address City/State/Zip Tt is said by many that theLibrary reflects the scholarlyideals of the University. Thoughthe patterns of scholarly activitymay vary, the exchange of ideasand the search for new knowledge never end. Individuals, disciplines, and literatures differ, buta common element within thisdiversity is the need for an abundance of the raw materials ofresearch. Original texts, bibliographies, statistical data—theseare only a part of the Library'sinventory which serve as a catalyst for scholarship.The University Library recentlycelebrated the addition of thefive-millionth volume to its collections. Though character and quality are foremost, a collection ofthis magnitude affords unparalleled opportunities for researchand discovery and draws scholarsto Chicago from every corner ofthe globe. Even in the face ofescalating prices for books andperiodicals, the Library must continue to pursue an aggressive program of collection developmentto maintain its current level ofdistinction.Vbur gift to the Fund for Bookshelps sustain the collection ofone of the world's great researchlibraries. For every $50 contributed to the Fund a newly purchased book will be identifiedwith a bookplate bearing yourname. You may prefer to honoror memorialize someone dear toyou, or you may give a lasting gifton an important occasion in aspecial person's name. The bookplate will then bear the name ofthat person, and the Library willsend copies of the plate and letters of appreciation to the personor the person's familyCupporting the Fund for Booksenhances the collections forfuture generations of scholars. Itcan also serve as a meaningfultribute to an individual. More significantly, it is your endorsementof the work and purpose of theUniversity of Chicago Library.EditorMary Ruth YoeStaff WriterTim ObermillerDesignerTom GreensfelderClass News EditorLisel Virkler, '90SecretaryJulie Schmid, '90Editorial office: The University of ChicagoMagazine, Robie House, 5757 SouthWoodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.Telephone (312) 753-2323. The Magazineis sent to all University of Chicagoalumni.The University of Chicago Office ofAlumni RelationsRobie House5757 South Woodlawn AvenueChicago, IL 60637Telephone: (312) 753-2175President, The University of ChicagoAlumni AssociationEdward L. Anderson, PhB'46, SM'49Executive Director of theAlumni AssociationJeanne Buiter, MBA'86Director, Alumni Schools CommitteeJ. Robert Ball, X'70The University of ChicagoAlumni Executive CouncilEdward L. Anderson, PhB'46, SM'49Bette Leash Birnbaum, AB'79, MST'80David Birnbaum, AB'79Mark Brickwell, AB'74JohnGaubatz, JD'67Barbra Goering, AB'74, JD'77Mary Lou Gorno, MBA'76William B. Graham, SB'32, JD'36William H. Hammett, AM'71Kenneth C. Levin, AB'68, MBA'74JohnD. Lyon, AB'55William C. Naumann, MBA'75Linda Thoren Neal, AB'64, JD'67Jerry G.Seidel, MD'54Judy Ullmann Siggins, AB'66, AM'68, PhD'76Stephanie Abeshouse Wallis, AB'67Susan Loth Wolkerstorfer, AB'72Faculty/Alumni Advisory Committeeto The University of Chicago MagazineLinda Thoren Neal, AB'64,JD'67, ChairmanAbe Blinder, PhB'31Philip C. Hoffmann, SB'57, PhD'62Professor, Department ofPharmacological and PhysiologicalSciences and the CollegeMarjorie Lange Lucchetti, AM'70, PhD'74JohnMacAloon, AM'74, PhD'80Associate Professor,Social Sciences Collegiate DivisionKatherine Schipper, MBA'73, AM'75, PhD'77Professor, Graduate School of BusinessSherluRardin Walpole, AB'45The University of Chicago Magazine(ISSN-0041-9508) is published quarterly(fall, winter, spring, summer) by theUniversity of Chicago in cooperationwith the Alumni Association, RobieHouse, 5757 South Woodlawn Avenue,Chicago, IL 60637. Publishedcontinuously since 1907. Second-classpostage paid at Chicago, IL.POSTMASTER: Send address changesto The University of Chicago Magazine,Alumni Records, Robie House, 5757South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL60637. Copyright © 1989 by theUniversity of Chicago .Typesetting by Skripps & Associates,Chicago. The University ofCHICAGOMagazine/Fall 1989Volume 82, Number 1Page 28Cover: Jean Metzinger's La Soldat it la PartieD'Echecs (Soldier at a Game of Chess) is a rareself-portrait of the French painter who,in 1912, coauthored the first treatise onCubism. The painting was given to theUniversity in 1985 by John L. Strauss, Jr. , inmemory of his father. (Photographed byJerry Kobylecky Museum Photography, forthe David and Alfred Smart Gallery.) IN THIS ISSUEPaging Dr. KildareOur image of the physician isn't what itused to be. Over the past 20 years, thedoctor-patient relationship has changed.What's missing is an element of trust.By Ann Dudley GoldblattPage 14Pictures from an InstitutionThe David and Alfred Smart Gallerycelebrates its 15th birthday this year.Page 21Risky BusinessHow did a 29-year-old dean become thepresident of a major university? WhenChicago's faculty and trustees choseRobert Maynard Hutchins in 1928, theyknew they were taking a chance on youth.By Benjamin McArthurPage 28DEPARTMENTSEditor's Notes 2Letters 2Investigations 7Chicago Journal 9Alumni Chronicle 32Class News 36Deaths 43Books 44First Things Last 48DISTINCTIVE GIFTSFOR DISTINCTIVEALUMNIIdeal additions to your home, office,or studio, the Chicago Chairs/Rockersblend with classic and modern settings.Sturdily built of northern yellow birchand finished in black lacquer withantique-gold trim, both the captain'schair and the rocker carry theUniversity crest in gold. These heirloomchairs are made by S. Bent & Bros.,a century-old firm in Gardner, Mass.To order, simply use the form below.For fastest service, call 312/753-2175or 753-2171.Enclosed is my check for $ . ,payable to the University of ChicagoAlumni Association, 5757 S. WoodlawnAvenue, Chicago, IL 60637.^_^_ Captain's Chair (Cherry Arm)Qty. at #225 each^_^^. Captain's Chair (Black Arm)Oty. at #225 each' Boston Rocker (Black Arm)Ojty. at #200 eachOrdered by: gName __^ Address .City Zip , State .Daytime Telephone .Ship to:Name AddressCity Zip . State .Daytime Telephone ___^ ¦When your order arrives at the AlumniOffice, you will be notified, so that youcan arrange for shipping (Chair via UPS,#8-514; Rocker via common carrier,#30-#60, depending on destination).PLEASE ALLOW 6-8 WEEKSFOR DELIVERY. EDITOR'S NOTESThis magazine has its offices in theRobie House garage— the first attached,three-car garage in the United States. Ilearned this fact, and many othersabout the Frank Lloyd Wright building,from the tour guides who stand outsideour windows each noon, lecturing tocrowds toting cameras and notebooks.As The Magazine's new editor, I eavesdropped with interest all summer.There's a certain cachet about working in a building that not only has itsown postcards but also its own T-shirt(available at the reception desk for $12,plus tax). An even bigger "perk" is thesimple pleasure of a walk to work thatends at a National Historic Landmark.Robie House hasn't always beenconsidered the jewel in its neighborhood's crown. The late Carroll MasonRussell, SB '19, who as a child lived upthe street at 5715 Woodlawn (in what isnow Hillel House), recalled in hermemoirs that "the great scandal of ourblock was the weird looking FrankLloyd Wright house which grew on the58th Street corner in 1909. It was calleda dreadnought or worse." Times, andtastes, change.So do alumni magazines. Becomingthe new editor of a magazine, a colleague says, is like buying a new house.You wouldn't buy it if you didn't like it,but once you have moved in, you havean overwhelming desire to paint thekitchen, so that you'll feel more athome. Over the next few issues, readerswill be witness to some editorial house-painting. We welcome your suggestions.— M.R.YMovie Violations. When Meg Ryandrove a VW hatchback through HullGate, the audience in the Max PalevskyCinema hooted. University insiders at aspecial screening of the summer smashWhen Harry Met Sally were going by today's rules: vehicular traffic throughthe gate is not allowed. (The scene,shot on campus last fall, is set in the1970s.)Such pleasurable nitpicking wasconfined to the opening minutes of thefilm, which quickly follows two U of Cgraduates, played by Ryan and BillyCrystal, to New York City— where they pursue careers and, later, each other.Some critics blasted the film as "ersatz Woody Allen," while otherspraised Director Rob Reiner's insightsinto the question of whether a man anda woman can simply be friends, without expectations of sex and/or marriage. "I'd say that's a question thatarises fairly often around here," saidone student at the screening.University records show that a totalof 10,952 alumni are married to otheralumni. There are no statistics on howmany have remained just good friends.A Chicago Sinner? Harry Ash-more's new life of Hutchins (advertised elsewhere in these pages) takesits title, Unseasonable Truths, from somelines the University's fifth presidentwrote to his friend Thornton Wilder: "Idiscovered in Scotland that in 1648 theGeneral Assembly of the Kirk, inadopting the larger catechism, addressed itself, in Question 145, to thesins included in the Ninth Commandment. One of them is 'speaking thetruth unseasonably.' You will recognize this as a sin I have been committing all my life."Football Stats. In the SPRING/89article on John Long, PhB'24, The Magazine incorrectly stated that the Maroonfootball squad played Notre Dame andStanford in 1924; the team has playedagainst both teams but not in that year.Chicago's record against Notre Dame is4-0; against Stanford, we're 1-1.LETTERSDated MemoriesConcerning the article "Knee-Deep inPopcorn" (SPRING/89), I would propose two emendations. Notwithstanding that time often stands opposed tomemory, still I recall the LasciviousCostume Ball which I attended in February or March of 1971 as being the"first" (or so its advertising claimed).2 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989On somewhat more certain grounds, Ihave definite recollections of spendinga goodly amount of time in RegensteinLibrary during my year in residence(1970-1971), suggesting that its opening preceded by quite a while the opening date of 1973 alluded to by Mr.Schwartz.Lastly, I might mention that someresidence halls were still so benightedin the early 1970s that telephones wereto be found only at communal locationson each floor, witness Boucher Hall inwhich I spent a curious but oddly satisfying year.Thank you for the opportunity torevisit the lighter side of Chicago.James R. Kelly, X'71Washington, DCThe]oseph Regenstein Library did indeed openits doors in 1970— the same year that the firstLascivious Costume Ball was held.Author, Author!Mr. Schwartz: I was delighted by yourreturn to the campus scene. As a student in the 1960s, I often heard aboutyou but our paths never crossed. Yourarticle on pranks was quite delightful.However, unlike many other articleswritten by alumni, this missed a pictureand short biography of the author. Itrust that the editor will correct this inadvertent oversight in a future issue.Robert M. Silverstein, AB'67,SM'68, PhD'70, MBA'82Elk Grove Village, ILApology RequestedThe University of Chicago Magazine owesits readers an apology for publishingEdna Homa Hunt's ugly screed againstall things Jewish in its SUMMER/89issue. Ms. Hunt asserts that alumniwho have chosen to live in Israel areincapable of rational discourse because"their extended exposure to theirJewish-only environment has erodedthe intellectual foundations of their UCschooling." I wonder whether youwould have published an attack on correspondents from London or Parisbased upon an "extended exposure" toan all-Christian environment. I ratherthink that you would have dismissed itas the product of a crackpot. There is no escaping the anti-Semitism that underlies Ms. Hunt's assertions that a Jewish environment isincompatible with a liberal academictradition or that a Jew's choice to live ina Jewish land is "racist." Ms. Hunt'sclaim to a Jewish lineage offers her norefuge from this charge, for if anti-Semitism is the irrational denial to Jewsthe rights readily conferred upon allothers, she plainly is guilty of thisoffense. I am dismayed that you choseto air her loathsome views.Joseph Kattan, AM'78Washington, DCBabylonian ShadeLet me please respond to the article onthe greenhouse effect which appearedin the SPRING/89 alumni magazine.Foremost authorities in our state-several of whom have recently addressed our first annual Wise Use Conference—maintain that "old growthtimber is a contributor to the warmingtrend and would be better off replacedwith newly planted forest due to thegreater production of oxygen by younggrowth trees."Dixie Lee Ray, former governor ofour state and a Ph.D. in physics, no less,has proposed that Seattlites grow roofgardens in order to improve the atmosphere. Shades of Babylon perhaps,but an elegant solution to a realmodern-day problem.Matt Goldberg, AB'70Bellevue, WAMemento MoriIt is generally with some dread that, upon receiving your magazine each quarter, I turn to the department called"Deaths" appearing as a regular featurein the magazine. "No news is goodnews" is the line that comes to mindeach time as I peek at the list, daringmyself to scan the column with the horrendous possibility that I might someday find the name of one of the manypeople who were dear to me when I wasat the University of Chicago.Recently, however, I have becomeaware that there is an even more disconcerting possibility associated with thedepartment: as alarming as it would beto see a friend's name on that list, it would probably be worse to see my ownname on it. I have noticed that this typeof incident has occurred more thanonce, as noted for example in the correction that appeared in the current issueof the magazine: "Through an error Susan Pearlman Kagan, X'49, was reported deceased in the WINTER/88 issue.She lives in New York City."It was suggested to me by anotherUniversity of Chicago graduate thatperhaps this is one way to force fromunderground those alumni whom youhave been unable to locate during yourfund drives. The ploy: you print thenews that the graduate has died, andwhen they recover from the shock ofreading the news, they are quick to notify you that they are alive and living inAnytown, U.S.A.The other possibility is that peopleare sending in false information as amalicious prank. In the event that Ishould become the object of such a"joke, " I am writing to let you know thatI am alive and well, and my address appears on the upper right-hand corner ofthis letter. Should I die, my family hasbeen instructed that The University ofChicago Magazine will be the first to benotified. As an added precaution, I willbe sending under separate cover a CodeWord that they will send as well.Cathy G. Lipper, AM'78Danbury, CTSeeing It WholeThe story about John P. Long (PhB'24)in the SPRING/89 issue interested mevery much, on two counts: 1) the BigTen Football Championship Game of1924 between Chicago and Illinois, and2) the famous "Matthew ArnoldHoax," about which Mr. Long wroteyears later.As a student usher at that game Iwas lucky enough to be on the 50-yardline. The playoff tension washeightened by the presence of two greatplayers, Red Grange for the Mini and"Five- Yard" McCarthy for the Maroons. At the end of the first half thescore was 14-14. On the kickoff for thesecond half Grange caught the ballclose to his goal line and ran throughthe entire Chicago team for a touchdown! Both stands went wild. As thetwo teams seesawed back and forth,tension mounted on both sides. Finally"A perfectly timed biography ofone of America's greatest and mostcontroversial educational reformers.should be required reading."UNSEASONABLETRUTHSHARRY S..ASHMORE"Well crafted."—Chicago TribuneA Book of the Month Club Selection-San Francisco ChroniclePrecociously brilliant and animpassioned advocate of hisconvictions, Robert MaynardHutchins was one of the majorvoices of the twentieth century.At twenty-eight, he became deanof Yale Law School, and bythirty-one, he was the controversial president of the Universityof Chicago where he sent shockwaves through the nationaleducational establishment withhis pioneering changes. In thisfirst biography of Hutchins,Harry Ashmore, a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and a longtime associate of Hutchins, offersa revealing look at the man whofounded the Center for the Studyof Democratic Institutions whichpromoted ideas and reforms thatare still relevant today."An entrancing story ofan extraordinary life."—Chicago Sun-TimesLITTLE, BROWN and COMPANYDistribution Center200 West StreetWaltham, MA 02254 UCAUT89Please send me Qty of UNSEASONABLE TRUTHS @$27.50My check for $ is enclosed. Publisher pays postageand handling if paying by check. MA, C A, NY residents, add sales tax.Please charge to my:I | American Express Q Visa fj MastercardAcct# Exp Date Total amount billedSignature_NameAddressCity_ State _Zip_P.O. Box numbers must be accompanied by a street address.For toll-free orders, call 1-800-343-9204. Chicago tied the score with a goal lineplunge by McCarthy who lived up to hissobriquet that day. And that's the waythe game ended, to the great relief ofthe opposing camps —Mr. Long's essay, "Matthew ArnoldVisits Chicago," was published in theUniversity of Toronto Quarterly 24 (Oct.1954, 34-45) He quotes newspaperaccounts of the visit which show clearlythat the relations between the lecturerand his hosts were somewhat marredby misunderstanding on both sides. Atthe same time there was nothing intheir relationship that would seem tojustify some of Arnold's purportedcomments about Chicago and its unidentified citizens that appeared inthe hoax.The hoax took place in early April,1884, about a month after Arnold hadreturned to England . In his account of itMr. Long followed the lead of FrederickW. Gookin, who ascribed it to an unnamed member of the Chicago LiteraryClub [see his history of the Club (Chicago 1926), pp.80-83, as cited by Mr.Long, p. 43]. The reason for the hoaxwas a long-standing suspicion by theChicago Daily News that the Chicago Tribune was filching its foreign news serviceand also foreign news from papers inNew York.Mr. Long then quotes from Gook-in's account how the plan to ensnare theTribune was carried out: arrangementswere made to have the spurious Arnolddispatch carried in the early edition ofthe New York Tribune of April 6, 1884, anda copy of that paper put in the hands ofthe New York representative of the Chicago Tribune, who immediately telegraphed it to his home paper, where itappeared on April 7. Papers in NewYork and Chicago and elsewhere carried irate comments by men whothought they were unnamed objects ofArnold's scorn.On April 9, the Chicago Daily tookobvious pleasure in exposing the plotand how it was carried out to the dismay of its local rival, and to the embarrassment of a number of prominentcitizens.One peculiar feature of the entireepisode is that the name of the personwho wrote the hoax article is nevermentioned. Since Gookin said he was amember of the Chicago Literary Club,he must have known who it was butpreferred not to mention the name,UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989even several years after the writer'sdeath. Other members must haveknown it too but did not bandy it about.And without doubt the publishers andstaff of the Daily News chose not tospread it around.I do not know when the writer'sidentity became generally known but Iknow of one family in Chicago whoknew who it was by the latter part ofthat April in 1884. The information isfound in a letter which the late Professor Paul Shorey, a member of the original faculty, wrote to William MortonPayne, on April 27, 1884. Shorey wasabout to get his doctorate in Greek at theUniversity of Munich. He and Paynehad been close friends ever since theywere classmates in the Chicago HighSchool, where they graduated in 1874.Payne had not been able to go to college,and at the time of the hoax, in additionto teaching full time at a division highschool, was associate editor of the Dial,and literary editor of the Daily News. Hewas soon to become recognized as oneof the leading literary critics in the United States. Shorey admired the skill withwhich his friend had imitated the writing style of Arnold, and was not surprised that so many were embarrassedand indignant at being taken in by it. Headvised him to be very careful until allthe furor had died down John Francis Latimer, AM'26Washington, DCName That TuneSiegmund Levarie's letter in theSUMMER/89 issue brought to mind ananecdote concerning Frederick Stockthat I think may be of interest to yourreaders. It came to me in July, 1951, in aletter from Alfred Frankenstein, thenoted music and art critic of the SanFrancisco Chronicle, with whom I exchanged a series of letters throughoutthat summer. In my first letter I mentioned that I had been working for Dr.Levarie as student manager of the University Orchestra. In answering, Mr.Frankenstein commented that he hadbeen one of the founders of the musicdepartment of the University and referred to some of the other early members such as Howard Talley and ScottGoldthwaite. Then he added:"Hope the UC orchestra you manage is better than the one I played in. Once we gave a Brahms festival and Iplayed first clarinet in the first and second symphonies— terrific solos in both.After the concert old Freddie Stockcame down to the stage and when hesaw me said, 'Veil, vat did you play tonight?' That was the beginning and theend of my career as a clarinet player."It would appear from this bit ofdrollery that Maestro Stock did nothave very high regard for the orchestra's standard of performance in thosedays, and I imagine that Dr. Levariewould admit that even in 1951 we hadnot attained a markedly higher degreeof musicianship. I have not heard theorchestra play since then, but on theoccasion of attending the Alumni Reunion this past June, I had the opportunity to go backstage in Mandel Hall andrelive some memorable evenings ofmusic in programs offered by the Collegium Musicum.Joseph G. Foster, AB'49Mifflinburg, PAA Matter of Degree (s)In Larry Arbeiter's interesting article"Suspending the Rules" (SUMMER/89), which discusses superconductivity, frequent reference is made tovarious temperatures with the unitsCentigrade and degree Kelvin beingquoted.In recent years the names of both ofthose units were officially changed,and now Centigrade is the degreeCelsius (°C) and degree Kelvin is justkelvin(k).This may be a moot point, but it isjust as easy to use correct technicalnomenclature.Louis F. Sokol, SB'46Boulder, COWindow DressingOne possible explanation for the"geometric patterns" in the UniversityChapel's windows mentioned by Dr.Hillman in his letter published in theSUMMER/89 Magazine, was currentwhen I was a student (1933-1936). Possibly apocryphal, it went: The buildersof Rockefeller Chapel lacked the moneyfor stained glass windows. They instructed the craftsman (Mr. Muench)to produce pale lavender geometric UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATIONINVITES YOU TO JOINDISTINGUISHED FACULTYAND ALUMNI FRIENDS ON OUR1990 EDUCATIONAL ALUMNI TOURSVoyage to AntarcticaJan. 30 -Feb. 12Sailing the Leeward Islands:Ecology Seminar at SeaFeb. 25 - March 4The Island World of IndonesiaMarch 3-19Egypt and the NileMarch 14 -26Legendary Shores: A Voyage toTurkey and the Greek IslandsApril 26 - May 7Alaska and the Yukon by ship,rail and airJune 22-July 5Europe's Middle Kingdoms:Vienna, Budapest and Munich,with OberammergauJulyVoyage to Scandinavia and theBritish IslesAugust 8 - 20Rossini Festival in Pesaro, ItalyAugustExploring the GalapagosIslandsSeptember 1 0-23East African Safari to KenyaSeptemberSplendors of Antiquity:Greece, Egypt, Jordan, the SuezCanal and the Red SeaOct. 28 -Nov. 12For further information and brochures, call or write: Ms. LauraGruen, Associate Director,University of Chicago AlumniAssociation,5757 Woodlawn AvenueChicago, IL 60637Tel: (312) 753-2178designs, thinking that when Mr. Rockefeller saw them he'd say, "My God,these are awful. Here's a million, getyourself proper windows." Instead,Mr. Rockefeller said, when the chapelwas completed in 1929, "Why, I thinkthe windows are very nice." Perhapsthat Depression date accounts for thefailure to produce money for the kind ofwindows the Chapel seemed todeserve.I happened to be in Chicago for theopening (I think) service in the latesummer of '29, and have often sat atvesper services Sunday evening andwatched twilight deepen into bluenight those pale— and yet impressivewindows.Virginia Everett Leland, AM'27,PhD'40Bowling Green, OHAnother View of ApartheidIn his letter to the magazine (WINTER/89), Dr. David L. Szanton expressedhis indignation at the denial by theRepublic of South Africa of "universally accepted human, political, economic, and social rights" to its blackpopulation.In my conversations earlier thisyear with whites, coloreds, and blacksin South Africa, I was impressed withthe ubiquitous, evident displeasure ofall sections of the population with apartheid. But just as unmistakable was theoverwhelming condemnation of themilitant subversive methods to whichthe African National Congress (ANC)and its tools (including Winnie Mandela) have had recourse in a Moscow-orchestrated attempt to overthrowwhite control over a civilization European descendants have built in SouthAfrica. Almost all South Africans deplore the savage murders by burningrubber tire "necklaces" perpetrated byextremist blacks against other blacks.Nor are the whites alone in regardingwith dismay how black regimes, suddenly catapulted to power in the Central African states and in Botswana,Zimbabwe, and Mozambique, have allbut wrecked the economies of thosecountries. One native black told me thatif ever through a one-man, one-vote solution of apartheid the blacks were totake predominant power in South Africa he and his family would emigrate. Not generally perceived in the USAis the disquieting fact that proponents ofviolent tactics, such as Archbishop Tutu,have scant support in the RSA. Tutu hasthe backing of an estimated 80,000 persons. The Zulu leader MangosuthuButhelezi, who also opposes apartheidbut urges gradual reform through education, legislation, and administrativeand economic arrangements, has a following of 6.4 million.The drumbeat campaign in theUSA and Great Britain for sanctionsand disinvestment has had only minimal effect thus far upon South Africa'seconomy. It has had even less upon theprosperity of the white people. Pursuant to the withdrawal of Americanfirms, Japanese and German competitors have merely monopolized the market there. On the other hand, sanctionsand economic attrition have been abetted by a concomitant Soviet Russianand ANC instigation of revolutionaryviolence. Within the RSA white disenchantment with the USA and Britainhas made it more difficult to bridge thegap between whites and blacks. Sanctions and disinvestment are causingwidespread layoffs of blacks in labor-intensive industries. Even more distressing is the fact that at the same timewealthy whites are reaping a harvestfrom the hostile measures of the international community. They are systematically increasing their assets and concentrating ever more economic powerin their hands. It is worth noting as anaddendum that Israel, which has retained its strong ties with the RSA, hasnot joined in this "witch hunt."We would do well to discard triteshibboleths and consider the manyhumane steps the Botha governmenttook in recent years to ameliorate thecondition of blacks. Recently it by lawestablished equal standards of education for all South Africans and started aprogram for raising the educational level of blacks, coloreds, and Indians.Budgetary outlays for black educationhave risen since 1978 by 30 percent—substantially more than for any othersegment of the population. The objectionable pass books have been abolished. The economy has been thrownopen to all races as a result of business-sponsored agencies and privatizedtraining programs. Large sums havebeen allocated by the South Africangovernment to create jobs and build needed housing for the blacks.Integrated "group areas" have recently made their appearance in threecities of South Africa, a further earnestof the government's will to speed integration where feasible. Multi-racialregional executive committees nowfunction in many parts of the RSA.More than 45 black city councils havebeen established'(exclusive of those inthe self-governing territories and theindependent homelands). Blacks currently participate in elections to morethan 235 autonomous governing bodies. Freedom of movement (but not yetof domicile) has been authorizedthroughout the country.Thus the process of dismantlingapartheid proceeds at a pace too slow forsome, too fast for others. But in strikinga balance sheet of the government'sachievements, it must in honesty beconceded that in the fields of health, infant mortality, education, and livingstandards the record of the RSA is better than that of any Black African country. We ought to ponder these thingswhen with respect to the Republic ofSouth Africa the talk is monotonouslyof "crime and punishment."William H. Maehl, PhD'46Las Cruces, NMCalling IVCF AlumniApproaching our fiftieth year of serviceon the Quads, the University of Chicago chapter of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship hopes to regain contact withour alumni. We want to compile a history of the chapter for the University'scentennial celebrations in 1991-1992.Alumni can contact us at the followingaddress: IVCF at U of C, c/o Greg Jao,Broadview 304, 5540 South Hyde ParkBoulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60637.Thank you for your help.Gregory Li Jao, AB'90President, IVCFThe University of Chicago Magazine invites letters from readers on the contents of themagazine or on topics related to the University. Letters for publication must be signed,and the magazine reserves the right to edit,for length and/or clarity. Letters should beaddressed to: Editor, The University ofChicago Magazine, Robie House, 5757South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.6 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989INVESTIGATIONSGoat limbs in motion: from Eadweard Muybridge's Animal Locomotion.The Bigger They Are,The Straighter They StandParents who warn their children tosit up straight at the dinner table mightnod sagely at the results of a study byAndrew Biewener: good posture maybe a key ingredient to the evolutionarysuccess of larger mammals, includinghumans.Because their muscles and bonesare relatively small in proportion totheir weight, the fact that land animalslarger than about 20 pounds can walkand run without regularly collapsingunder their own weight seems to defyphysical laws, says Biewener, an assistant professor in the University's anatomy department."It's an anatomical riddle firstposed by Galileo, " he says, and isbased on the principle that if a givenstructure increases in size, its weightincreases as the cube of its height.Meanwhile, the strength of its supportincreases as only the square of itsheight.Applied to biology, this principle suggests that if a squirrel (or goat orhuman) doubled in height, it wouldweigh about eight times more, but itsbones and muscles would only be fourtimes as strong. In other words, tokeep from collapsing, the bigger animal would seem to need much largerbones and muscles in its limbs. Yet formany animals the rule doesn't apply.In mammals as diverse as squirrelsand horses, the proportions of bonesand muscles are quite similar.Could it be these larger animalshave stronger— rather than larger-bones and muscles? Biewener saysthat idea can be readily dismissed: "Ifyou take a cubic centimeter of bone ormuscle from different animals it willgenerally have the same properties."Indeed, fossil evidence indicates thatthe chemical composition of bonehasn't changed much over millions ofyears.Since the bones and muscles of a700-pound horse aren't any stronger than those of a three-ounce rodent,one might expect that with its extraweight the horse would experienceabout nine times the stress on its skeletal structure as the rodent. Yet it didn'tmake sense to Biewener that largeranimals actually experienced thatmuch sketetal stress: if they did, theirbones would fracture and break withregularity.To check his reasoning, he measured the amounts and directions offorce on the skeletons of differentlysized mammals — mice, squirrels,goats, and horses— by having them runover a force-sensing plate. He thencombined these X-ray measurementswith data gleaned from films of theanimals in motion. Even running attop speed, the animals Biewener tested experienced about the same maximum level of stress on their bones.Roughly a third of the optimumstrength of an average bone, it gaveboth large and small animals the samecomfortable margin of safety.Biewener then looked at otherpossible ways that larger animalsmight reduce their skeletal stress,including relative support time (howlong the limb remains in contact withthe ground) and the angle of the limbto the ground. In this latter study,he found that bending caused thegreatest amount of stress on boneelements."That's when the solution ofposture suddenly hit me, " he says.Biewener hypothesized that the limbsof larger animals are aligned in a moreupright position, one which keepstheir weight in line with the center oftheir joints and reduces the mechanical stresses upon their skeletons.To test his theory, Biewenerconducted further motion studies.The result: heavier animals do havestraighter limbs than smaller mammals, whose legs tend to be more bentand collapsed, "like an accordion."This gives the smaller mammals asuperior range of motion and maneuverability, as anyone who has witnessed the futile chase of a dog after asquirrel can verify.Now Biewener wants to comparethe postures of animals which areabout the same size, but which comefrom different taxonomical groups-such as a small deer and a large rodent. In related studies, he will alsolook at "how skeletal tissue respondsto exercise, and the effects of exerciseon the growing skeleton."Meanwhile, his posture theory hasled to articles in Science, Science News,and the New York Times, and Biewenerhopes this attention will help boostinterest in comparative biomechanics—a relatively new branch of biologythat Biewener was introduced to as aHarvard graduate student in the1970s.In contrast to the current emphasisin biology at a cellular and molecularlevel, biomechanics looks at mechanical and geometric principles that agiven organism encounters in its environment, seeking to show how thoseprinciples may influence the organism's form and function. Biewenersees his posture studies as an interesting example of how comparativebiomechanics can provide an addeddimension to biology: "Here we have asolution that's arrived at by a higherlevel of organization of the system—the way it functions— rather than at thefiner level of the molecule or cell."In other words," he says, "animals didn't adapt to larger size bydeveloping stronger bones or by altering their structure, but by altering theway they use what they have."— TO. Dueling LingoesIn northern Spain, Catalonianleaders have dubbed Dallas reruns anddistributed a deluge of books andnewspapers in attempts to revive Catalan, a regional language discouragedby the Bourbon monarchy two centuries ago, and banned by Franco. ToDavid Laitin, a professor in the University's political science department,such examples of language policies are"the real stuff of politics."To "connect language politics directly to the larger themes of politicalscience," Laitin uses a "game theory"approach, a technique commonly usedby international studies theorists.Laitin's first application of thegame theory approach had two players, whom Laitin describes as the rulerand the lord. The ruler represents thecentral government of the state, while"lords" are the elites in territories thatmake up the state but which use adifferent language.As the game begins, Laitin says,the ruler standardizes currency,weights, measurements, and languagein order to reduce administrative costsand increase revenues in the territoriesunder his jurisdiction.In this game, the ruler enjoys adominant strategy because, howevermuch the lord desires to maintain hisregional language, he will also inevitably want to learn the ruler's language—the better to press his own claims.Besides, Laitin says, the ruler canalways find lords willing learn thestate language, "since he or she canmake the cooperators richer and morepowerful than any non-cooperator."This process, Laitin points out,does not imply a language shift amongthe lower strata of the population,since they are not "players" in thisgame between ruler and lord.As the central power expands,however, more people in the peripheries—bureaucrats, publishers, teachersand merchants— begin to learn thestate language. The upwardly mobilemay begin to see their regional language as backward and improper forbusiness, reserving its use only todiscuss private affairs.Although it may take years,the outcome of the ruler's dominant strategy makes it likely that a "tippingpoint" will occur. When the number ofpeople using the state language reaches "a critical mass," Laitin predicts,the remaining population will rapidlyswitch to the state language.Laitin first applied this game theory to examine the history of a vigorous,often violent, language revival movement in Catalonia, a region of northeast Spain. Use of the Catalan language—which flourished in the regionafter the decline of the Roman Empire—began to wane in the early 18th century, when the Catalonians were onthe losing side of the War of the Spanish Succession. After the Bourbonsgained power, Castilian Spanish wasmade the state's sole official language.Laitin believes game theory couldexplain the initial ease with which theBourbons "rulers" carried out thisreform, with little resistance from theregional "lords" of Catalonia. However, unlike England (vis-a-vis Irish) andFrance (vis-a-vis Provencal), hegemony of the state language did notoccur in Catalonia— probably, saysLaitin, because the region had becomesuch an economic force in Spain.Nevertheless, about half theCatalonian population currently usesSpanish at work and in normal conversations. To retaliate, Catalonia'snationalist party has tried to push theuse of Catalan past the tipping point:making side-payments to users of theregional language, buying books frompublishers who will print in Catalan,and dubbing popular TV. shows in thevernacular. Neither these "carrots,"nor the vigilantes' "sticks" (defacingsigns and threatening public officialswho use Spanish) has, of yet, createdthe impetus for a mass movement backto Catalan usage.Laitin is now collaborating withother social scientists, matching gametheory with data on such issues ascontemporary language revival movements in the Soviet Union, as well asthe growing use of Spanish in the U.S.The purpose, he says, isn't to predictthe outcome of language conflicts, butto provide a consistent basis by whichthose conflicts can be measured."I can make predictions," saysLaitin, "but politics is much too interesting to reduce to that level. Greatpoliticians and visionaries can defythe predictions."— TO.s UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989CHICAGO JOURNALGossett Foresees Crucial Days forDivision of HumanitiesPhilip Gossett is a musicologistwho has won Italy's top prize for cultural achievement, participated in thediscovery of the long-lost tragic finalefor Rossini's opera Tancredi, and nowoversees a $3 million project to publishcritical editions of Verdi's completeworks.This fall, he embarks on a newchallenge as dean of the Division ofHumanities, during what he sees as "avery critical time" for the humanities atthe University.A faculty Commission on Humanities was established last spring, and isexpected to make recommendationsthis fall on ways to strengthen theHumanities division. Its agenda includes such issues as whether traditional subdivisions— time periods,geographic areas, and languages-should be replaced by a more flexiblestructure; and how language departments should deal with competingdemands for basic instruction andmore sophisticated scholarship."All this ferment signals a realdesire on the part of faculty to pursuenew directions," says Gossett. "A deanhas the opportunity to help definesome of these goals and to facilitatetheir realization."Gossett received his bachelor'sdegree from Amherst College andM.F.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Princeton University. He joined the Chicagofaculty in 1968, serving as chairmanof the music department from 1978to 1984. In 1984, he was named theRobert W. Reneker DistinguishedService Professor. As Humanitiesdean, he succeeds Stuart Tave, theWilliam Rainey Harper Professor inthe College.A New Dean for the NewGraduate SchoolPublic policies "don't come neatlypackaged simply as problems in economics or medicine or politics, " saysRobert Michael, newly-appointed Robert Michaeldean of the Graduate School of PublicPolicy Studies. Given that fact,Michael believes that the University'sinterdisciplinary emphasis makes it anideal spot for the new Public Policyschool.Launched in 1988 with a $7-milliongift from Life Trustee Irving B. Harris,the new graduate school offers M.A.and Ph.D. degrees in public policy,and is designed to train students forprofessional careers with emphasis insocial and education policy, urbanissues, health and child care, energyand natural resources, and international affairs. Says Michael: "Ourgraduates expect to pursue careersoutside of universities— in both publicand private sectors— where they canwork very directly on society'sproblems."Michael, the Eliakim HastingsMoore Distinguished Service Professor in Education and former director ofNORC (National Opinion ResearchCenter) is an economist and an expertin survey research. He joined the faculty in 1980 after teaching at Stanford.He holds a Ph.D. in economics fromColumbia and a B. A. from OhioWesleyan.Michael succeeds William Kruskal,the Ernest DeWitt Burton Distinguished Service Professor, who wasDean Pro Tempore during the school'sfirst full year of operation. New Director Sees Tradition asStrength of Oriental InstituteAfter his interview for the positionof director of the Oriental Institute,William Sumner hopped the campustrolley on his way to the airport andstruck up a conversation with a passenger across the aisle."She said she was a graduate student in anthropology at the University,and that her career decision had beenlargely influenced by the trips shemade to the Oriental Institute as achild," says Sumner. "Since then I'vespoken to several others who told mehow the Institute made a similar impact. It definitely made an impressionon me."Sumner assumed his duties as thenew director of the Institute this fall,and will also teach in the Departmentof Near Eastern Languages & Civilizations. He received his Ph.D. from theUniversity of Pennsylvania in 1972,and joined the faculty at Ohio StateUniversity in 1971. During the 1970s,he took part in the University of Pennsylvania Museum's project at Tal-eMalyan in the Kur River Basin of Iran,directing the excavation of a Elamitecity dating to 3000 B.C.E.Sumner calls Ohio "a fine university, but one with little interest in theancient Near East. To be at Chicago,where my colleagues will be theabsolute best in my area of interest, isextremely exciting."The projects here are very largeand long-term, with an internationalscope. My first priority will be toenhance efforts already being made."To this end, he hopes to contribute "adifferent viewpoint, a fresh pair ofeyes."Sumner succeeds Janet H. Johnson, AB'67, PhD'72, who is professorof Egyptology in the Departmentof Near Eastern Languages &Civilizations.Professorial AppointmentsIn July, President Hanna Grayannounced the appointments of 14As President Emeritus of the University, Nobelist George Beadle studied the origins ofdomestic corn — his field studies took place where the Court Theatre now stands. Beadledied in June at age 85.faculty members to named or distinguished service professorships.They are:Barry Arnason, professor andchairman of Neurology and Director ofthe Brain Research Institute, wasnamed the James Nelson and AnnaLouise Raymond Professor; HansDieter Betz, professor in the DivinitySchool and chairman of New Testament & Early Christian Literature, theShailer Mathews Professor; HarryDavis, professor and deputy dean forthe M.B. A. program of the GraduateSchool of Business (GSB), the Roger L.and Rachel M. Goetz Professor ofCreative Management.Gary Eppen, professor and FMCFaculty Research Scholar in the GSB,is now the Robert Law Professor;Daniel Fischel, JD'77, professor in theLaw School, the Lee and BrenaFreeman Professor; Kenneth French,professor in the GSB, the ChicagoMercantile Exchange Professor ofFinance; Godfrey Getz, professor andchairman of Pathology, the Donald N.Pritzker Professor; Robert Hamada,professor and deputy dean of the GSB,the Edward Eagle Brown Professor;Robin Hogarth, PhD'72, professor inthe GSB and director of the Center forDecision Research, the Wallace W.Booth Professor.Russell Lande, associate professorin Ecology & Evolution, was named aLouis Block Professor; Leon Leder-man, professor in Physics and theEnrico Fermi Institute, the Frank L.Sulzberger Professor; William J.T.Mitchell, professor and chairman inEnglish, the Gaylord Donnelley Distinguished Service Professor; SheldonPollock, professor in South AsianLanguages & Civilizations, the GeorgeV. Bobrinskoy Professor; and Harry V.Roberts, AB'43, MBA'47, PhD'55,professor in the GSB, the Sigmund E.Edelstone Professor.George Beadle, University'sSeventh President, DiesGeorge Wells Beadle, a NoblePrize-winning biologist who served asPresident of the University from 1961until 1968, died June 9, 1989, after along illness.In 1958, Beadle shared the NobelPrize in Physiology and Medicine with Edward Tatum, X'31, and JoshuaLederberg. Beadle and Tatum werecited for research demonstrating thatgenes transmit hereditary characteristics by controlling chemical reactions.As the University's seventh president, Beadle presided over severalmajor construction projects and, in1965-68, helped raise a record $160million in gifts and grants. UnderBeadle, the University administrationprovided a role model for handling amajor problem of higher education inthe 1960s: student dissent. The non-confrontational approach which theUniversity took— avoiding violence orthe need to call police in force to campus — was widely followed.Beadle was born in 1903 on a farmnear Wahoo, Neb. He received hisB.S. degree from the University ofNebraska in 1926, his M.S. in 1927, andhis Ph.D. from Cornell in 1931. Beadletaught at Harvard, Stanford, and theCalifornia Institute of Technology. Inaddition to many scientific papers andarticles, Beadle co-authored An Introduction to Genetics (1939), wrote Geneticsand Modern Biology (1963), and with hissecond wife, Muriel Barnett Beadle,authored The Language of Life (1966) .His many awards included theLasker Award of the American PublicHealth Association (1950), the AlbertEinstein Commemorative Award inScience (1958), the National Award ofthe American Cancer Society (1959), and the Kimber Genetics Award of theNational Academy of Sciences (1960).Team Measures Particle to TraceNature's Fundamental ForcesUniversity physicists, workingwith an international team of scientists, announced in July that they hadmade the first successful measurements of a fundamental subatomicparticle, the Z particle.Physics professors Melvyn Sho-chet and Henry Frisch were among 250researchers who participated in the 11-month experiment, using the world'shighest-energy accelerator, the Teva-tron, at the Fermi National AcceleratorLaboratory in suburban Chicago.Physicists hope the measurementswill help test current theories thatnature's four fundamental forces-gravity, electro-magnetism, the"strong" force that binds atom particles, and the "weak" force that causesthem to break apart— are really manifestations of a single, unified force.Z particles, the heaviest subatomicparticles, moderate the "weak" force,which is associated with atomicradiation.Fermilab's Tevatron acceleratessubatomic protons and hurls themagainst negatively charged "anti-protons" at nearly the speed of light.Scientists must then sift through a10 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989trillion such collisions for the fewhundred that produce Z particles. Thisenormous task is accomplished withthe help of a "trigger"— a custom-builtcomputer designed and made at theUniversity, which tells the Tevatron's2,000-ton detector to pay attentiononly to significant collisions.The accomplishment surprisedmany physicists who had thought the"clutter" of particles created in theTevatron would curtail the accuratemeasurement of a specific particle.Indeed, just two days after the Fermi-lab announcement, researchers atStanford released slightly moreprecise data of the Z particle's mass,obtained by use of a machine morespecifically designed for the task; andthe European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva began construction this summer of a machinedevised especially to produce Zparticles.Fermilab researchers are not deterred by these developments, becauseneither the Stanford nor the CERNmachines are built to excel at doingwork with W particles and top quarks,which— along with the Z particle— areimportant subatomic building blocks."The Tevatron is the only machine thatcan study all three, " says Shochet,"and some uncertainties cancel if allthe particles are studied in the samemachine."Broken Records in AdmissionsMore women, more Californians,more students in general— that's howthe entering freshman class looks thisyear. By late summer, a total of 880freshmen were expected to enroll inthe fall, up 21 from last year and thelargest number since the enrollmentboom that followed World War II.The number of freshman applications was 5,602, up four percent from1987-88, and an encouraging sign,says Director of Admissions TheodoreO'Neill, AM'70, given the applicationsdrop at other selective, private four-year institutions."The population of 18-year-oldsdeclined last year, and will drop significantly again this year, so there will befewer applications across the board,"says O'Neill. He doesn't think thatChicago will be immune from that trend forever, but sees the relativehealth of admissions as a sign that"more students seem to know of us,and to take us seriously."Some facts about the freshmanclass:63 percent scored above 1300 oncombined SATs and 74 percent were inthe top ten percent of their high schoolgraduating class. Four percent areblack; three percent, Hispanic; and 16percent, Asian. Women account for 43percent of the class, the highest number in recent history. Almost half (46percent) are from the Midwest, while30 percent are from the East Coast, and11 percent from the West Coast.A rise in West Coast applicants andmatriculants (eight percent of thefreshman class comes from Californiaalone) is a positive sign, O'Neill says,because an increasing number of 18-year-olds are from that region.University Defends Handling of1987 Harassment IncidentA harassment incident that ledto the suspension of two Collegestudents in 1987 became the subject ofrenewed debate on campus lastspring.The controversy erupted whenthe student newspaper, the ChicagoMaroon, reported that one of the students intended to receive his diplomaat Spring Convocation. To challengewhat it termed "inadequate" University harassment policies, an ad hocstudent group held daily rallies oncampus, drawing between 40 and 60people and attracting local media.The two students had beensuspended for nine quarters by theUndergraduate Disciplinary Committee in the spring of 1987, after a yearlong investigation into the mail harassment of students and other membersof the University community. Thefaculty-student committee concludedthat both students either participatedin that harassment, or knew who wasresponsible and failed to testify honestly. Under University rules, a student may graduate after the term ofsuspension if degree requirementshave been met.Administrators and faculty metwith more than 100 students on June 8,and the protestors submitted a formal proposal asking that a task force becreated to evaluate and reconstructharassment policy. Protestors, whopassed out flyers and staged ralliesduring Reunion on June 2 and 3, alsostaged a smaller "silent protest" during the June 10 College Convocation,which the graduating student did notattend.In a statement issued June 2,President Hanna Gray reaffirmed theUniversity's policies against discrimination and harassment. "Those attacks were particularly malicious andoutrageous and totally in conflict withthe values for which the Universitystands," said Gray. "We took veryseriously those threats and intrusionsupon the privacy of members of theUniversity community."During the 1987 investigation, theUniversity brought local and federallaw officers— as well as an outsideinvestigator— into its inquiry, set up aninformation hotline, and held meetings for harassment victims. The Student Information Manual was also revisedto strengthen and clarify the University's harassment policy.At the opening of fall quarter,President Gray reiterated that policy,quoting from the Manual: "Personalabuse, whether oral or written,exceeds the bounds of appropriatediscourse and civil conduct." DuringOrientation, tolerance was emphasized—in formal presentations, in skitson "transitional issues, " and in discussion groups. Tolerance will also be thefocus of a faculty-student roundtableplanned by the Dean's Student Advisory Group.Glasnost Spreads to AlgebraicGeometryBetween talks on polynomial equations, Soviet mathematicians invitedto a University-sponsored symposiumthis summer would often grab theirtowels and head to Lake Michigan for aswim, says J. Peter May, chairman ofthe Department of Mathematics."They also spent a great deal of timeshopping downtown for computerequipment."The 20 Soviets were by far thelargest group of top mathematiciansever allowed to visit the U.S. at onetime. The U.S.-U.S.S.R. AlgebraicGeometry Symposium held June 20-July 14 had an informal setting thatallowed for free discussion betweenthe Soviets and a group of about 20Chicago-area mathematicians, as wellas a rotating group of 20 more mathscholars from across the country.William Fulton, professor of mathematics at Chicago, says that althoughthe U.S. and Soviet schools of algebraic geometry (the visual realization ofalgebraic functions) are considered thestrongest in the world, very little personal contact had been made betweenthe two before the symposium.Perhaps the biggest benefit of thesymposium, May says, was "the precedent it set, not just for us but for otherdisciplines." At first, the Soviet government was reluctant to allow somany mathematicians to attend. Then,a week before the conference, May wasinformed that 20 mathematicianscould attend, five more than first proposed. He rushed pleas to foundationsfor extra funds to accommodate thelarger group, and the Sloan Foundation quickly responded. (The foundation is a major supporter of the University's new Mathematics DisciplineCenter, which sponsored thesymposium.)Towards the end of four successfulIn BriefCards Folded: This fall the UniversityLibraries moved a step closer to a totally online computer catalog system.In 1975, the Libraries began a two-track system, filing new acquisitionsinto both the online catalog and thecard catalog. But, says Jane Ciacci ofthe cataloging department, the two-pronged system has become toocostly.Although new acquisitions arenow entered only into the online system, the card catalog will not vanishovernight. So far, about a third of theLibraries' collections has been catalogued online, and Ciacci estimatesthe task of transferring the rest of theholdings will take a decade or more.Double Feature: The applause hadbarely died for Court Theatre's 1988-89season finale— a spirited revival of theBertolt Brecht/Kurt Weill musical"Happy End"— when the University- weeks of collaboration, May observedmathematicians from the two countries "pairing off in twos and threes intechnical conversations. I'm certainsome of these contacts will bear fruit infuture research." Many of the Sovietguests were eager to hold a reciprocalconference in Moscow, in 1990 or 1991.Honors and AwardsVivian Gussin Paley, a teacher inthe University's Laboratory Schools,received an unrestricted, five-year,$355,000 grant from the John D. andCatherine T. MacArthur Foundation inJuly. Paley, PhB'47, has taught at theLab Schools for 18 years and is theauthor of five books on early childhood teaching and development. Her" story-playing" technique— whichuses children's natural interest infantasy to help them learn— wasdescribed in the SUMMER/89Magazine.Paley says the grant has allowedher to "pay off some bills" and hasgiven her some unexpected clout. Shewas the only teacher invited to Washington, D.C., this summer to reviewproposals for a $6 million grant to fundprograms for gifted, but economicallyOnline in the library.based theater revealed an ambitiousrotating repertory planned for its1989-1990 season.In the spring of 1990, Court willrun alternate performances of JohnGay's "The Beggar's Opera," a classic1728 ballad opera, with the Midwestpremiere of Alan Ayckbourn's "A Chorus of Disapproval," a 1985 musicalcomedy about the intrigues of an amateur troupe's production of "The Beggar's Opera." The project— funded by atwo-year, $60,000 grant from the JoyceFoundation— will be the first time the disadvantaged, children. Paley returned to the Lab Schools this fall toteach kindergarten— and to finish hersixth book.Three graduate students received theUniversity's first Physical ScienceTeaching Award for outstanding teaching of undergraduates by graduatestudents: PaulBoisen, SM'87, mathematics; Lisa Ridder, chemistry; andAnil Trivedi, physics. They were eachawarded $500.Janet D. Rowley, a faculty member inthe University's medical school since1962, won a 1989 General Motors Cancer Research Foundation Prize. Sheshared the award with Peter C. Nowellof the University of Pennsylvania.Their studies, conducted independently, revealed how chromosomechanges are an important cause ofcancer, an idea that ran counter toprevailing views of the time. Rowley,PhB'45, SB'46, MD'48, also receivedthe G.H. A. Clowes Award from theAmerican Association for Cancer Research for 1989. She is the Blum-RieseDistinguished Service Professor.Three members of the faculty havereceived the National Science Founda-works have been performed in rotatingrepertory, says Court's producingdirector Mark Tiarks.Artistic Space: Student artists havesome needed elbow room at MidwayStudios, home of the University'sMaster of Fine Arts program.Funded by the state's "Build Illinois" program at a cost of $487, 000,construction completed this summerincludes an undergraduate classroom,a projection room, three studios and acovered walkway to the maincomplex.Funds are being sought to buildadditional working space for sculpture, says Thomas Mapp, professor inArt and director of Midway Studios.There is currently room for only onestudent sculptor at a time, which rulesout larger, more involved projects.American sculptor Lorado Taftdesigned the original Midway Studios,completed in 1929 and now designatedas a National Historic Landmark.12 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989tion's Presidential Young InvestigatorsAward: Barbara Block, assistant anatomy professor; Fang Hua Lin, mathematics professor; and Andrei Shleifer,assistant professor in the GraduateSchool of Business. To support theirresearch, each will receive from$125,000 to $187, 500 over the nextfive years.Christina Gomez, assistant dean ofstudents, was named a Luce Scholarby the Henry Luce Foundation. Theinternship program is designed to giveAmerica's future leaders a deeperunderstanding of Asia. Gomez,AB'85, MBA'87, will spend a year atthe University of Brunei, on the Islandof Borneo, helping to set up a studentservices program.Tiananmen Square Brings NewRoles for Chinese StudentsBefore the May uprising in Tiananmen Square, the Chinese StudentAssociation had been mostly a socialoutlet for the University's 119 studentsfrom the People's Republic of China."Most of us are physics or chemistry students, " says Shangyou Nie,SM'85, a graduate student in geophysics. "Most of us have no politicalambitions. There was just a feelingthat hit me and others— immediately—that we had to do something. Wecouldn't just sit back and watch what, was going on."The Chicago group settled into asmall office in the Reynolds Club basement, where they began communicating by telephone hotline with fellowstudents across America as well as inChina and Hong Kong. Leaders of thegroup appeared at dozens of meetings,press conferences, and rallies to showtheir support for their Chinese counterparts and to help educate Americans about the situation. "For some ofus," says Nie, "it became a full-timejob."University students also formed acooperative committee with otherChicago-based colleges and universities, raising approximately $15,000through the sale of T-shirts reproducing the now-famous photograph of aman stopping a column of tanks inBeijing. Part of the money boughtsupplies for students in Tiananmen Cheng Yu, a graduate student in education, flew to China in May to support the studentdemonstrations. Before being allowed to return to the U. S., she and her son, Payton Lee,were detained for five days by Chinese authorities.Square— delivered in late May byCheng Yu, a graduate student ineducation at the University.When she attempted to return tothe U.S., Cheng and her 18-month-oldbaby were held by authorities for fivedays. Her detainment receivednational media attention, as did herreunion with her husband and friendswhen she was finally allowed to returnto Chicago.Chinese students also helped toorganize a late-July conference, held at the University of Illinois-Chicago, todiscuss strategies for encouragingdemocratic reform in China. The conference was attended by about 500Chinese students from 183 Americanuniversities and several foreign countries. Delegates from the Americanuniversities formed a permanentnational organization— the Federationof Independent Chinese StudentUnions in the United States— to represent most of the 40,000 Chinesestudents now in the United States.13WARNINGIn the eyes of the American public, themedical profession no longer routinely receivesa clean bill of health. Key legal decisions ofthe past 20 years have affected— andreflected— the doctor-patient relationshipas it takes a turn for the worse.ILLUSTRATIONBYALLENCARROLL By Ann Dudley GoldblattOCTORS HAVE ALWAYS OCCUPIEDa special place in our lives. When wewere children, a doctor would say,'This won't hurt much.' Then hewould stick a needle in our arm. Ourparents, rather than punishing theknowing perpetrator of the untruthand the hurt, thanked and even paidthe doctor for this obvious injury.This unusual and powerful personage, our doctor,continued to exercise great power over us as we grew up.He (or she) approved, through a medical examination,each year of school. The same prerequisite precededsummer camp, college entrance, athletic participation,and health insurance. For some of us, our doctor was instrumental in letting us in or keeping us out of the armedforces. Marriage, too, had the essential blessing of theA lecturer in the Department of Medicine and the College and ateacher in the Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, Ann DudleyGoldblatt, LLM '78, also holds a law degree from Harvard. Thisarticle is adapted from a lecture, "The Decline and Tall of the Profession of Medicine (in Public Perception), " that she gave duringReunion '89.14SYMPTOMSMore patients expect nearly guaranteedresults from inherently uncertainmedical interventions— and sue whenthe outcome is less than perfect.medical profession. And, for most ofus, there is a final, ultimately unsatisfactory interaction with the medicalprofession that ends in death.It is not surprising that we have alove/hate— or at least a trust/ suspicion—relationship with the medical profession and the medical professional.The doctor has lifelong power over theuninitiated. This power is based onknowledge, expertise, and technique.Doctors can heal, can ameliorate pain,can restore function, can explain whywe feel out of sorts, and often can makeus whole again.Unlike other professionals— lawyers, accountants, teachers, and therest— the doctor can tell us things aboutourselves of which we are totally unaware. A doctor can discover imperfections and even deadly conditions in ourbodies about which we can do absolutely nothing. A small sample of our bloodcan reveal any number of deadly diseases, from aplastic anemia to AIDS.The same sample of blood can dictate a radical change in our daily life —or at least our daily diet. A high-cholesterol level can make our favoritebreakfast, bacon and eggs, forbiddenfor the rest of our lives. A simple cuffpuffed up on our arm can reveal a life-threatening condition although we feelin the pink of health. This immense andseemingly arcane knowledge about theintimacies of our bodies can't help butbe threatening.Given all this, there is something inour psyches that may enjoy the thoughtthat the prestige of medicine is indecline.Traditionally the physician was aknower, a teacher, a diagnostician, anda healer. The doctor was a professionaldedicated to the curing of disease, therepairing of injuries, the rehabilitationof dysfunction, the amelioration of suffering, and the teaching of the basic re-16 quirements of good health: dietetics,exercise, moderation, prudence. Doctor and patient mutually understoodthat this use of power and knowledgewas for the benefit of the patient.But there have been (perhaps) irreversible changes in the general public'simage of the physician— and thosechanges are causing problems. Some ofthese changes were evolutionary, theresult of the seemingly natural courseof history; progress itself can causeproblems. But some of the problemsfacing all physicians today are causedby the entrepreneurial activities of asmall group of medical practitionersand researchers. Those entrepreneurialactivities have resulted, in part, fromcertain decisions of the judicial and executive branches of our governments.The large majority of our medicalprofessionals still deserve our old-fashioned trust and admiration, butthey aren't receiving it. The entire profession suffers a decline in prestigebecause of the actions of the few.¦ HE PROFESSION OFH medicine enjoyedH an unprecedentedH increase in respectH between 1940 andI the early 1970s. MostW bacterial diseases surrendered to antibiotics. Many viral diseases surrendered to vaccines. Research victories and medical treatmentsdestroyed the deadliness of most childhood and acute diseases. Fromdiphtheria to polio to plague, Americafelt secure from the debilitating, decimating diseases that had haunted theworld from the beginning of history. It seemed as if the powers of modernmedicine, particularly as practiced inAmerica, were limitless.Our government agreed with thisoptimistic sense of potential controlover disease and disabling conditions.Funding, federal and private, was generously forthcoming for research to discover cures for those diseases and disabilities that were not yet conquered.Huge sums of money were dedicated tothe war on cancer.The American medical professionand the American public were proud ofthese achievements. We all apparentlybelieved that our marching medicaltroops would continue from victory tovictory.But medical victories— and the expansive publicity surrounding them—created vastly increased expectations.To put it bluntly, the profession of medicine suffered from the success of itsown publicity. Patients began to believethat medicine was all powerful, that itshealing and restorative powers werelimitless.The patient public, not so patient asbefore, tended to forget that clinicalmedicine was a science of uncertaintiesand an art of probabilities. New medical specialties and subspecialtiesabounded, each providing advancedtechnology and increased healing ability, but all creating a greater distancebetween the patient and his personalphysician. Doctors and patients became less friends and more independent contractors, strangers with a temporary connection.The first evidence of a decreasedtrust in, and increased anger with,medical professionals was an abruptand substantial increase in medicalmalpractice litigation during the 1960s.The federal government issued a reportin 1971, entitled simply "Medical Malpractice," which documented theUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989Any physician is aware that rightdown the street is another physician,willing to write the prescription orperform the treatment a patient wants.growing number of cases brought tocourt.The report also outlined a change inthe attitude of judges and juries, whoshowed a much greater willingness toimpose liability on physicians for mistakes that traditionally would havebeen considered unavoidable accidentsrather than negligent actions. Financialawards and appellate court opinionsdemonstrated a sense of anger at thephysician. Part of this anger came froma belief that the medical profession hadreached so high a level of technologicalexpertise that mistakes should be assumed avoidable and therefore blam-able. Another part came from a sensethat the physician was wealthy—perhaps too wealthy— and best ableto compensate the patient for injury,regardless of responsibility.The message of the report on medical malpractice was clear. More andmore patients expected nearly guaranteed excellent results from inherentlyuncertain medical interventions andwere suing when the outcome was lessthan perfect. Juries and judges were increasingly placing the blame for lessthan perfect results on the physician.For a judge or jury to blame the doctor for imperfect results, it must see therelationship between doctor and patient as essentially vertical. The patientassumes the inferior position of abjectignorance and faith in the physician.The doctor is viewed as holding a superior position of knowledge and power.Only with this vertical differential inposition can the doctor be seen as theinsurer of good results.This kind of vertical medical relationship is a traditional, paternalisticview of doctor and patient, but one withan ironic modern twist: the elements oftrust and an understanding of the inherent fallibility of medicine are missing. Instead of a beneficent, learned but fallible knower, the physician is viewedas a technological guarantor.¦ HERE IS AN ALTER-H native view of theH doctor-patient rela-¦ tionship, however,H that has grown upH alongside this mod-W ern revision of thevertical relationship. Almost the samemonth that the report on medical malpractice was published, the decisionsof two legal cases established a view ofthe doctor-patient relationship as a contractual or commercial partnership.These legal opinions, issued in theDistrict of Columbia and California, announced and validated a concept laterknown as "informed consent." In thetraditional relationship, medical consent meant the physician would simplytell the patient what medical course wasplanned and what the results wouldprobably be. The new doctrine of informed consent required the physicianto discuss with the patient the risks andbenefits of the proposed treatment, ofpossible alternative treatments, and ofno treatment at all.This new doctrine recognizes thatall medical treatments have inherent,non-negligent risks of harm. It is the patient who will bear the physiologicalconsequences of this harm, if it occurs.Therefore, the patient should be told ofpotential harm and should determinewhether the risks are acceptable.The rule of informed consent is auniquely American concept. Japan,Great Britain, and the Soviet Uniongive almost unlimited power to the physician to withhold information if the physician believes doing so is in thepatient's best interest. The argumentagainst informed consent rests primarily on a belief that patients are inherently incapable of making correct choices,even with complete information.The doctrine of informed consentchanged the relationship between doctor and patient from one of knowledgeable superior and unknowing inferiorto one of contracting parties withshared decision-making powers.But informed consent didn't changethe imposition of blame upon the physician when medical treatment wentwrong. No matter what the patientknew, no matter what he agreed to, imperfect results remained unacceptable—and the medical malpractice crisiscontinued.T¦ N JANUARY, 1973, WITHINH a year of the medical malprac-H tice report and the pioneeringH precedents of informed con-H sent, the United States Su-^^^^ preme Court issued its opin-V V ion in Roe v. Wade. That decisiongave pregnant women and their physicians the constitutional right to decideto terminate a pregnancy within its firstsix months, free of regulation exceptthat which promoted the health needsof the pregnant woman.Although the Wade opinion did notrefer to the new attitude concerning therelation between doctor and patient, orto the medical malpractice crisis, or tothe rule of informed consent, each provides essential background for understanding the decision.The majority opinion in Wade depicted the doctor-patient relation in ex-17The horizontal doctor-patient relationshipis a contractual connection. The patientrequests a predetermined treatment, andthe doctor performs it for a fee.tremely traditional, even nostalgic,terms. The pregnant woman's personaldoctor diagnosed her condition, listened sympathetically to her description of the unwanted— assumed medically relevant— burdens of maternity(or, in later cases, pregnancy), and prescribed and performed an orthodoxmedical treatment resulting in the termination of pregnancy.Emphasizing this traditional view,the opinion attempted to use the moralcapital of the law and of traditional clinical medicine to establish abortion as atypical medical procedure within a typical, old-fashioned, doctor-patient relationship. The seven justices who madeup the majority in Wade seemed to besaying that if abortion could be viewedas a traditional, uncontroversial, unquestionably medical treatment, a societal consensus on the acceptability ofabortion would be achieved. If this interpretation is right, the Court had todescribe a doctor-patient relationshipin its traditional, vertical terms— andit had to suppress what was reallyhappening.Because, in fact, almost every legalabortion in the late-1960s and early-1970s was performed within the new,horizontal doctor-patient relationship.This relationship was contractual: thepatient requested a predeterminedtreatment, and the doctor performed itfor a fee.The members of the Supreme Courtcould not have been unaware of thecontradiction between their description of the relationship of doctor andpatient in abortion and what was true.A number of states had liberal abortionstatutes prior to the Wade decision.Some of these jurisdictions had freestanding, for-profit abortion clinicswhere the procedure was manifestlydemanded by the pregnant woman.Other than perhaps (but not always) ensuring that the woman was indeedpregnant, the physicians employed bythese centers did not have a preexisting relationship with these women,performed no diagnostic or prognostic services, and offered no medicaladvice. These doctors simply performed the medically mediated procedure sought by the pregnant woman.The decision which allowed anelective abortion created the contractual doctor-patient relationship. It is arelationship in which the patient controls and the physician reacts. Thisnew relationship makes it much easierfor patients to request tranquilizers,sedatives, appetite suppressants-even heart bypass surgery when medication would resolve the medical dangers of angina with equal efficacy.With its vast publicity, the Wadedecision also made it much more difficult for the physician to refuse theserequests, or to discuss alternativeswhich, in the physician's educated opinion, would provide greater therapeuticbenefit. The patient was becoming moreaggressive in exercising the power toself-diagnose and prescribe. Meanwhile, any physician was all too awarethat right down the street was anotherphysician willing to write these prescriptions or perform these services.T¦ MMEDIATELY AFTER THEH Wade decision a vastly greaterH number of freestanding, for-H profit abortion centers (I hesi-H tate to call these profit-making^^^^ centers clinics) sprang up in™ 9 urban centers. The medicalprofessionals who ran and owned themwere not in the business of diagnosing, discussing, or treating medical conditions. They did not offer medical services even in the area of gynecology, obstetrics, contraception, or the treatmentof sexually transmitted diseases. Theirbusiness— and their profit— came exclusively from performing abortions.Their clientele, and I use the word intentionally, was self-referred and predetermined as to the procedure to beperformed.Freestanding, for-profit abortioncenters were only the first of what hasbecome a multimillion dollar businessin self-referred, self-diagnosed, self-prescribed medical retailing. In thesecenters, the medical professionals—who are sometimes salaried, but moreoften owners, investors, or profit sharers—have become little more thanbody-part technicians.These licensed medical practitioners are the modern medicine men, medical hucksters who often resemblealuminum-siding salesmen more thanMarcus Welby, M.D., or Dr. Kildare.One of the legacies of the original abortion decision is that it resulted in a conception of the physician not as a patientadvocate but as a resource for the self-defined patient (or patron).Anyone who spends a few dayswatching daytime television can't helpbut be amazed at the number of ads forwhat can generously be called electiveand cosmetic medically mediated services. Advertising is an important partof the mechanism in patient-directedmedical care. These ads promote freestanding, for-profit centers which provide a variety of postmodern surgicalprocedures. All these procedures, fromthe reasonably conventional to the inherently bizarre, are offered on an outpatient, day-surgery basis.The services offered include various sports medicine treatments, varicose vein removal, spider vein removal,18 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989For a judge or jury to blame the doctorfor imperfect results, it must see therelationship between doctor and patientas essentially vertical.scar removal, tummy tucks, stomachstapling, facial surgery, liposuction,and an unnamed procedure advertisedas resulting in (and here I quote) "a return to our marital relationship as it wasbefore Jim and I had children . "While these ads do not offer consultations or referrals, they do emphasize awillingness to provide help in fillingout insurance forms. It is clear, frommodels used and the words of thevoiceovers, that these procedures areoffered to the would-be young, affluent, and well-insured.x¦ HE TRADITIONALI vertical relationshipH between the patientH and the trusted physi-H cian upon whom heH depends has by now means disappeared.But where it does continue to exist, moresubtle changes in the medical industrymay continue to compromise the trust atthe core of that relationship.Patients who still adhere to avertical relationship of trust in anddependence on their doctor have newreasons to question this trust. Cost-containment procedures, a healthierinsured population, reduced hospitalstays, and a more efficient use ofphysician contact time— together withan increased relative number oflicensed physicians— have created newsituations resulting in mistrust andmistreatment.Even for traditional medical procedures, physicians have adopted innovative entrepreneurial schemes whichincrease income but which also reducetrust and respect. A growing number of physicians, for example, are investing in for-profit clinical laboratories,diagnostic centers such as magneticresonance imaging facilities, and treatment clinics, such as those for renalhemodialysis.To put this in dramatic terms, consider the following: if your nephrolo-gist has an investment interest in a freestanding hemodialysis center, he has adirect financial interest in your use ofthat center. How would you feel aboutthe nephrologist's decision to refer youto that center, as opposed to recommending transplant surgery or homedialysis, both of which are more cost efficient and create a better quality of lifefor most patients with end-stage renaldisease?If I go to a diagnostician with muscle or bone pain, and the diagnosticianhas an investment interest in a magnetic resonance imaging center, the doctorhas a direct financial interest in my going to that center for diagnostic tests.Most of us know that when talking withthe aluminum-siding salesman and theused-car dealer, the huckster's profitsare on the line. We also know that acommission will be paid. Patients donot (yet) make this connection in regardto their personal physician.If my physician were to send me toan independent facility, and then receive a commission for doing so, myphysician would be breaking the law.But when the same fee is returned to thephysician as an investment profit, thetransaction it is a legal dividend, not anillegal kickback.Do doctors overuse ancillary facilities in which they have an investmentinterest? The answer is unknown. Whatis known is that doctors with such investments order more than 25 percentmore tests and procedures at those facilities than do doctors without theseinvestment interests. The increased costs of these tests to the taxpayersamounted to $28 million in 1987. Thereis no indication that these additionaltests injure patients— nor any evidencethat they have beneficial effects.The harm in these potential conflicts of interest is perceptual. When itbecomes more commonly known thatmany physicians are sending patientsto ancillary medical facilities in whichthe physicians have a financial interest,there will be a significant increase in patient mistrust.Recently there has been anotherdisturbing entrepreneurial idea developed for physicians. These are investor-controlled, for-profit medical centerstesting investigational new drug cancertherapies on private paying, very rich,subject-patients. Testing innovative,uncertain, and highly toxic therapieson the rich is a switch in medical tradition; in the past, such testing has takenplace on patient-subjects who could notpay for their medical care. What iswrong here is not the wealthier subject-patient but the profit-making status ofthe institution testing the drug. Whathappens, or could happen, is a deterioration of the essential independenceand scientific objectivity of clinical research when the investigation of a drugis so closely associated with a for-profitentity.A recent article in the New EnglandJournal of Medicine described an agreement among a group of investigatorsstudying cholesterol medications.These investigators contracted amongthemselves not to invest in or receiveany interest in any of the companiesmanufacturing the drugs being testedduring the duration of the protocol.This is an admirable decision. But it istroublesome that these investigatorsfelt they had to make such an agreement, to make it publicly, and to question the objectivity of other scientists19What actions can be taken to control—and reverse— the decline in respect andtrust that the medical profession hassuffered in recent years ?for having financial interests in the subjects of their investigations.ANY DISCUSSION OFthe problems of publicperceptions of themedical profession in1989 would be incomplete without somereference to AcquiredImmune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).Individual practitioners, the Centers for Disease Control, the NationalInstitutes of Health, and other majormedical research and care-providinginstitutions reacted to the advent ofAIDS, for the most part, speedily andwith sensitivity and concern. Elementsof our society nonetheless "blame" themedical profession for the AIDS epidemic, because of a basic disbelief that adisease such as AIDS could still occur.The widely publicized eradicationof smallpox, coming after victories overpolio and syphilis and the control oftuberculosis and other what we thinkof as Third World epidemic diseases,seemed to ensure that America, at least,was forever protected from deadly epidemic disease. The spread of a diseaselike AIDS was not supposed to be possible now. Where were the vaulted microbe doctors so heroically described inthe earlier battles against bacterial andviral diseases?The victories of medical researchand the miracles of modern medicinehad become an integral part of our medical mythology. The intransigence anddeadliness of AIDS caused first surprise, then fear, and now anger.Among the various ways in whichAIDS will have a long-term impact on the medical profession will be a revolutionary effect on the testing and licensing procedures of the FDA . The need forAIDS-specific drugs is obvious, anduse of non-FDA approved "street" andforeign drugs is widespread. The FDAhas already permitted buyers' clubs topurchase and import European AIDSdrugs not yet tested or approved for usein this country. The FDA has also admitted that its bases for testing new AIDSdrugs are threefold: promising animaltests, foreign use, and widespread unauthorized street use. Given the deadlynature of the disease, the FDA appearsto believe that traditional tests for safetyand efficacy are impractical.There will be a spillover effect fromthis change in policy. Even those whobelieve FDA approval takes too longtake comfort in the resulting excess conservatism with regard to safety. Achange in the FDA licensing policy willresult in physicians prescribing medications with less complete knowledgeand a greater responsibility to warn ofan unknown number of risks of unknown severity. The end result will begreater distrust of the medical profession, the knowers who now seem toknow less and less.WHAT ACTIONS CANbe taken to controland reverse the decline in respect andtrust that the medical profession hassuffered?In confronting the malpractice crisis, suggestions of no-fault recovery forinjury and limits on financial recoveriesare gaining adherents. While these re forms continue to view the doctor as aninsurer, they eliminate a sense of thedoctor as a guarantor of excellent resultsand explicitly recognize the uncertainties and risks of medical interventions.Turning to the public, we must educate patients about the responsibilitiesthat attend the doctrine of informedconsent. For too long patients have listened to explanations and have agreedto accept statistical risks of harms; andthen, when the harm occurs, they say intheir legal papers that they didn't reallyunderstand after all, and even if theydid, that all medical harms should becompensated.The medical professionals themselves also must act to control, even toprohibit, physician entrepreneurial activities which conflict with the interestsof patients and cast shadows on the ethical integrity of the profession. Medicalschools must select their students morecarefully and educate them with greatersensitivity concerning their responsibilities toward both their professionand their patients.Most importantly, we must realizethe consequences of how we view anduse the profession of medicine. Weneed to re-educate ourselves. We arepresently too demanding and too lazy.We want quick medical fixes for problems that often require self-controlrather than medication.Physicians must take charge andbegin to "just say no" to demands thatcontradict the standards and goals oftheir profession. This would not be apopular move and would require theprofession to act cohesively, a necessitywhich some feel is impossible at thistime.But consider the alternative: a profession of highly trained body plumbers practicing defensive plumbing,and patients with power but noknowledge. S20 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989THE DAVID AND ALFRED SMART GALLERYopened its doors in the Cochrane-Wood ArtsCenter 15 years ago, a gift of the Smart FamilyFoundation, Inc., honoring the founders ofEsquire magazine. The Gallery began with aready-made collection: thousands of pieces of art thathad been accumulating since the first days of the University—when the objects scholars brought to campuswere often chosen for what they revealed about the culture in which they were made.The Gallery's founding director, the late EdwardMaser, AM'48, PhD'57, believed that a university gallery cannot— and should not— emulate the vast treasurehouses of large public art museums. While it should certainly hold objects of great beauty, its goal is to educatean audience that extends beyond the art historian.Seeing the gallery as a special resource for teachingand research "in the widest possible sense, " Maser encouraged interdisciplinary exhibitions, such as a 1977exhibition coinciding with the 75th anniversary of theUniversity's Law School, "Artists View the Law in the20th Century." Maser also established the Gallery's pattern of symposia and lectures, aimed at general andscholarly audiences, to accompany each exhibition.A university gallery can step aside from the art-world mainstream, says Curator Richard A. Born,AM'75, both in the exhibitions it mounts and in the objects it collects. "In some ways, " says Born, "our limitedmoney for acquisitions goes further because our facultyoften recommends works that are currently unfashionable. After all, their research interests are frequentlycentered on re-evaluations." On faculty advice, forexample, the Friends of the Smart Gallery purchased aJuly Monarchy sculpture, by the daughter of the CitizenKing Louis Phillippe, when French academic sculpturewas out of favor; now the pendulum is swinging back.At the same time, Born says, a university fine artscollection cannot be "merely a cabinet of curiosities." Tothat end, the Smart Gallery has worked to develop a balanced survey of Western art from the classical periodthrough the present and of East Asian art from antiquityto 1900. It also seeks objects that demonstrate artisticprocesses and the transmission of styles and, to encourage what Maser called "the detective work of art," unknown works or unconfirmed attributions.Since 1974, the Smart Gallery has grown in the sizeof its collection, in exhibition space (the Smart FamilyFoundation funded the creation of a special exhibitionhall in 1980 and the Vera and A.D. Elden SculptureGarden in 1988), and in outreach (of more than 22,000visitors in 1987-88, 96 percent were from the community beyond the University). A search for a new director(John Carswell, who succeeded Maser, left the University to join Sotheby's in London) is under way.Next spring, the Gallery will publish a scholarlyguide to its collection. The essays— contributed by morethan 60 University faculty, students, and alumni— focuson a group of objects that, in Richard Born's words,"represent the strengths of the Gallery. Armed withthat handbook, one could come into the Gallery with areal sense of the collection."On the following pages, The Magazine offers a ^^briefer glimpse of the Smart Gallery's treasures. ^^ The David and AlfredSmart Gallery is home tonearly 7,000 objets d'art.Most are objects ofundisputed beauty; allare subjects for teachingand research.BLUE&WHITPm The first Americani exhibition tracing therelationships between Chineseblue-and-white porcelain and itsNear Eastern, European, andMexican imitations was held at theSmart Gallery in 1985. The Galleryhad little blue-and-white ware ofits own, but Gallery Director JohnCarswell (now at Sotheby's inLondon), an expert on Chineseporcelain, was able to draw frompublic and private collectionsaround the world.JOSEPH ACCUSED BYPOTIPHAR'SWIFENoel Halle, 1740-44, ail on canvasHalle, the son and grandson of two renowned French painters, was known for hishistorical and religious paintings. JosephAccused by Potiphar's Wife was painted duringHalle's student days at the French Academy inRome, and the emotionally charged biblical sceneis filled with typical Academic elements, combining antique and Renaissance concepts of beauty:proto-Neoclassical architecture, Venetian-influenced color and oriental costume, andpronounced chiaroscuro. Shown in the Salon of1748, the painting has been included in severalmajor international exhibits of French paintingsince its donation to the Smart Gallery.Gift of the Mark Morton Memorial Fund and Mr. andMrs. Eugene Davidson.'' ;¦¦ '.'«wy;- ¦ *V;.*-"- ] •; ; s¦ *. <v%^'£/^:!* ')> ¦¦¦VI' ' ''£' •¦ • r ' ' 3 ". ¦'•¦ '*#»t';^''<*ir-. .- , ¦¦¦¦ v *':^,«"" *'i;ia" - -'^ ¦¦*'•¦%¦¦:. i ¦'¦'• «¦¦! V'¦•¦ ''¦ : : *V*.rf* ^;1' ¦*-¦' .:r<vfi>: ¦¦ V' ":•,;' .' ¦''. . #if^#':sli: 'V-'/'¦• *-¦,' ¦ ' ^.v''^'- ''¦¦l¥->f^N>N " ;• \ £* /• -,c:%~c v>^n '>' '.'/'', ' A^-.y .* ' Vt, ¦i*1. .¦ ..'. i » , ,v 'v. i-5 .- RAMPANT TIGERRoman, from Horns, Northern Syria, c. 475-550,marble and stone tesseraeAlthough tigers were not native to the NearEast, ancient zoos and menageries werewell-stocked with exotic animals fromAfrica and the Far East. This graceful tiger, one ofthe key elements in the Smart Gallery's display ofancient arts, was once part of a large floor mosaic.With its lifelike beast, the mosaic echoes lateGraeco-Roman illusionistic painting— translatedinto the medium of stone and marble cubes.Gift of D. Herbert Beskind in honor of Mr. and Mrs.Raymond L. Smart at the opening of the David and AlfredSmart Gallery in 1974.OBJECT LESSONSIn the Classical TraditionUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989HISTORIA VON ADAMAND EVA (ADAM &EVE IN PARADISE)German, Meissen manufacture,18th century, porcelainUnder the patronage of the King ofSaxony, the secret of true Chineseporcelain— long-sought in Europe-was discovered in the city of Meissen(near Dresden) during the early 1700s.The modeler Friederich Eberlain, active atMeissen in the mid-18th century, createdthe biblical Garden of Eden tableau. TheSmart Gallery's piece bears a blue under-glaze marking— the crossed word andstar of Meissen's Marcolini period-indicating that it was made between 1774and 1813.Gift of Mrs. Leopold Blumka in memory ofLeopold Blumka. RELIQUARYItalian, c. 1534-49, silver-gilt, lapislazuli, crystal, enamel, and eglamiseAlthough unsigned and undated(except by the coat of arms of PaulIII), the reliquary is clearly the workof a master metalsmith working for themost powerful patron in mid- 16th-century Rome. Its elaborate decorationsmove with Neoplatonic symbolism fromthe real (the contemporary figures at thepedestal) to the celestial. Because goldand silver objects were often used asready money during wartime, the reliquary is one of only three surviving papalcommissions from the 16th century. It waspart of a 1987 exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago, "Renaissance DecorativeArts from Chicago Collections."Gift of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation.ROYAL SAINT WITH RINGGerman Master, c. 1465, oil on wood panelThe "royal saint" is most likely Oswald, a7th-century king of Northumbria said topossess miraculous powers of healing.(Legend has it that when Oswald was exiled atIona, a crow carried his ring to the princess hewas to marry.) The delicate design of the saint'shalo is punched and incised on gold ground;the inscription at the painting's base is probably a prayer. Found in a chapel in lower Austria,it may have been one of a series of wing panelsfor a larger, late-Gothic altar painting.Gift of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation. ? Photography byJerry KobyleckyMuseum Photography23SEATED MANJacques Lipchitz, 1925, bronzeDuring World War I, Lithuanian-bornsculptor Jacques Lipchitz translatedthe subjects of Cubist paintings intothree dimensions. His Seated Man (an onyxand a larger bronze version also exist)represents a step beyond Cubism. Although it has a whimsical side— the curvesand verticals, the hint of a half-closed eye-it is remarkable for its innovative use ofspace: "The torso is actually a void encompassed by the S curve of the solid stone orbronze. Here we can see, " Lipchitz wroteyears later, "the first stage in the concept ofthe transparencies of sculpture as space, asair or spirit rather than as solid mass."The Joel Starrels, Jr. Memorial Collection.CONSTRUCTION 22: AMALIEGeorge Grosz, 1922, gouache, ink, and graphite on paperPart of the Smart Gallery's inaugural exhibition, this "construction" by the German artistGeorge Grosz is a costume study for Yvan Goll's play Methusalem, a Dadaist tale of bourgeoislife. Amalie, the protagonist's wife, is constantly cooking goulash, and Grosz created adomestic locomotive with a whistling tea kettle to signal her progress from room to room. Thetools of the draftsman's trade are evident, including the tiny pinpricks of the compass Grosz usedto draw Amalie's wheel-round breasts. Goll's play was to have premiered in Konigsberg, but thatproduction was postponed. When the play opened in Berlin, Grosz's costumes— perhapsimpracticable in the worsening financial climate— were not used.The Joel Starrels, Jr. Memorial Collection.24 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989JOHN L LEWIS(MAN OF IRON)Alfonso lannelli, c. 1940, painted plasterIannelli, an Italian who lived and worked in theUnited States, studied under Gutzon Borglum,creator of Mount Rushmore, and his life-sizedmodernist portrait of labor leader John L. Lewishas a surprisingly monumental aspect. Iannelli alsoworked as an architectural sculptor, an architect, anda designer of graphics, industrial objects, and furniture. Among his Hyde Park connections: in 1914, hecreated the sculpture for Frank Lloyd Wright's Midway Gardens complex, and the ornamental sculptureat the Church of St. Thomas the Apostle, at 55th andKimbark, is his work.Gift of the Friends of the Smart Gallery, 1985. UNTITLEDJoan Mitchell, 1961, oil on canvasPart of the New York School ofsecond-generation AbstractExpressionist painters, JoanMitchell is better known for her large-scale works. Untitled is a more intimatepiece, measuring only 18 X 15 inchesand inscribed "To K. Kuh, " a formerChicago art gallery owner who was alsoart editor at Saturday Review. Mitchell'swork was included in a 1979 SmartGallery exhibition, "Abstract Expression: A Tribute to Harold Rosenberg."Rosenberg, the New Yorker art critic andearly champion of abstract expressionism, was also a professor in the University's Committee on Social Thought andthe Department of Art.Gift of Katharine Kuh, AM'28.SERIES VJoan Mirb, 1953, hand-watercoloredetchingA 1980 Smart Gallery exhibition,co-organized with WashingtonUniversity in St. Louis, featured45 paintings, drawings, and constructedobjects by the 20th-century Spanishmaster. "Miro: The Development of aSign Language" was a show with atheory: what distinguishes Miro fromother Surrealists and modernists is hisadaptation of prehistoric sources intoa personal sign language. In Series V,corrosive lines and pitted surfaces arepaired with the thinnest of transparent layers of watercolor washes. Miroprinted this second edition of the plateupside down, much as images of cavepainting float free of any fixed point ofreference.Gift of Henry Cohen.OBJECT LESSONSFrom the Modern Era25Wta i pxft 1.^,i'--0J^{' '¦ "¦' '*'""*, HP*^ 1 -/s ' 'n~n^'v v,M9 ¦4.: 'w^ >*£¦£=; j$:-£j, ,- . Jtiry .% sV*i p - Jxy-.- .j.-1; _.¦*.; ¦/ ¦ _JUE(CHUEH)Shang dynasty, Anyang (An-yang) period, 13-11 th century B.C.E.,bronze wine vesselEmeritus professor in the departments of Far East Languagesand Civilizations and History, Herrlee G. Creel traveled toChina in the mid-1930s, where he collected artifacts of BronzeAge society that he later used in teaching courses in Chinese civilization. Those ritual bronze vessels and Bronze Age implements, donated to the Gallery in 1986, are featured in the Gallery's Fall exhibition,"Ritual and Reverence: Chinese Art at the University of Chicago."The jue's carefully proportioned design suggests its purpose: while itwould be difficult to drink from the vessel, the spout is, in Creel'swords, "admirably suited" for pouring. One leg is broken, but scholars have asked that it not be permanently mended; they prefer thechance to have an inside view.•Gift of Prof. Herrlee G. (PhB'26. AM'27, DB'28) and Mrs.(Lorraine, PhD'43) Creel..TOMB GUARDIAN FIGUREChinese (T'ang dynasty), c. 650-700, painted andgilded terracottaThis tomb guardian differs from the expectediconography, in which one hand is clenched intoa fist to hold a weapon, while the other is heldopen and raised upward to signal "Halt." The statuetteis an exceptional example of Chinese painting of the7th century, providing scholars with a small but goodsample of brush work and coloring in the delineation ofthe guardian's features and armor.Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Gaylord Donnelley.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989JSr LANDSCAPE (AFTER HUANGGONGWANG/HUANGKUNG-WANG)Lan Ying, c. 1637-38, handscroll, ink and color on silkA professional painter, Lan Ying emulated the work ofearlier scholar-artists, including the Four Masters ofthe Yuan dynasty. His inscription near the end of thishandscroll— monumental in both its size and its almost endlessvariation of scenery— suggests that he considered it among hisfinest works: "If the Four Yuan Masters could see this scrollof mine, they certainly would allow me to enter their groves.Connoisseurs, what is your opinion?" By the 18th century,critical opinion had turned against Lan. He may have sufferedguilt by association: his brother-in-law was Ma Shiying, a courtofficial infamous for his villainy.Gift ofjeannette Shambaugh Elliott in honor of Prof.HarrieA. Vanderstappen.TALL VASE WITH "BAMBOOSPROUT" DECORATIONShoji Hamada, stonewareDuring his lifetime, Shoji Hamada(1894-1978) was designated one of Japan'sliving treasures for his espousal of traditional values in modern-day craftsmanship. Theglaze decorations were applied by tipping thepiece over, ladling the slip on, and letting it trailoff, spontaneously creating the impression ofgrowing bamboo, a favorite motif.The Duffie-Stein Collection. WINE CUP WITH STANDKorean (Koryo dynasty), c. 1300, stonewareInspired by Chinese models, Korean potters ofthe 12th and 13th centuries created their ownversion of the greenware called celadon. Thelotus-inspired cup and stand display the Koreaninnovation of using black and white inlaid paste, herecombined with carved and incised techniques. Thelater gold-lacquer repairs are evidence of the esteem inwhich such stoneware— cheap ware in its own day-came to be held.Gift of John F.Peloza.OBJECT LESSONSThe Arts of East Asia27Taking a Chanceoii\outliBy Benjamin Mc ArthurN 1929," HISTO-rian Dixon Wec-ter noted, "a yearfamous for speculative plunging—the Universityof Chicago invested in a newpresident." Not usually given torisk in such matters, Universitytrustees were perhaps enticed bythe heady spirits of the bull market. Inany case, their choice of Robert May-nard Hutchins, a man junior to evensome assistant professors, opened atwenty-two year chapter in the historyof the University that remains its mostdisputed.The need for a presidential searchfollowed Max Mason's resignation inthe spring of 1928 to join the RockefellerFoundation. Mason departed a University at the pinnacle of its national reputation for scholarship. The workplace ofa host of eminences of American aca-demia, the University largely fulfilledBenjamin Mc Arthur, PhD'79, teaches in thehistory department of Southern College ofSeventh-day Adventists. McArthur's article,"The War of the GreekBooks, "appeared in theFebruary 1989 issue of American Heritagemagazine. At his 1929 inauguration, Hutchins wassurrounded by a trio of eminences grises: PresidentAngell of Yale, President Scott of Northwestern,and University Trustee Harold Swift.William Rainey Harper's vision of agreat research institution. The flushtimes of the 1920s also supported a successful fund-raisirfg drive that doubledthe physkafplant and filled out the cenXtral quardrangle.From its founding the Universityof Chicago had been renowned primarily as a graduate institution. Butduring the 1920s, College life increasingly colored the University community.As elsewhere, Chicago undergraduates were caught up in the whirl ofathletics and extracurriculars thatover-shadowed academics. Today—post-Hutchins— it may be difficult toimagine the school as it was then: resembling its other Big Ten counterparts, withfraternities, women's clubs, theatricals,and football crowds besieging StaggField.Even so the College continued to occupy an uneasy position in agraduate-dominated University.Burdened with an awkward academic structure and a faculty preoccupied with research, the College was viewed by some as an"unwanted, ill-begotten brat." After briefly flirting with the idea ofclosing the College, the administration decided instead to strengthen it, seeking to improve both curriculum and instruction and expanddormitory capacity.But many faculty saw this commitment to reform as a betrayal of the University's original purpose in favor ofwhat they considered the clubby, so-ially minded Eastern Ivies. The beliefof some influential faculty that administration and trustees intended to usethe presidential appointment as ameans of creating a more collegiate institution freighted the search with far-reaching significance.A highly charged, adversarial atmosphere surrounded the faculty selection of their five representatives tothe search committee in the spring of1928. "Much interest and excitement,"history department chair and committee member William E. Dodd recordedin his diary, "because it is felt the Trustees mean to force Woodward on us [Fre-28 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989derick Woodward was the Universityvice president] and a college schemenot suited to us."The search committee, chaired byCharles Gilkey, pastor of the Hyde ParkBaptist Church and University trustee,began its work in May by soliciting suggestions from alumni. The flood of responses included such luminaries asHerbert Hoover, Calvin Coolidge, JohnDewey, Will Durant, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. , Will Rogers, and the University'sown coaching legend, Amos AlonzoStagg. But the committee itself generated a more serious list of candidates,mainly from the upper reaches of theAmerican academy, but also from foundations and the business world.By July 2, a working list of 56 nameshad been compiled, prominent uponwhich appeared James RowlandAngell, Ernest M. Hopkins, Ray LymanWilbur— presidents of Yale, Dartmouth, and Stanford respectively; Raymond B. Fosdick of Rockefeller Foundation; and corporate attorneys Owen D.Young and Dwight W Morrow. RobertHutchins's name was absent. As deanof Yale Law School he earned mentionin early meetings, but was at age 29deemed too young to merit furtherconsideration.The search committee drew uponhigher education's informal network ofcontacts to make discreet inquiresabout candidates. It also made tentativeovertures to individuals about their interest in the job. Some, such as Yale'sAngell (who had once chaired Chicago's Psychology Department) politelydeclined. Interested prospects whohappened to be visiting Chicago wereinvited to Hyde Park for an interview.Not all candidates came from outside the University community. At onesummer meeting with board chairmanHarold Swift out of the room his name surfaced. A member of the Class of '07who became the school's youngesttrustee and ultimately board chairmanfor 27 years, Swift stole time from overseeing a meat-packing empire for hisfirst love: the University of Chicago.Popular with faculty, alumni, and othertrustees, Swift gained unsolicited support. But faculty representatives, uneasy with a president lacking academiccredentials, resisted, and the idea wasquietly dropped.A more serious local candidate wasFrederick (Fritz) Woodward. He hadcarried out his administrative tasks dutifully and with a low-key presence thatwon him good will among faculty. College dean Chauncey Boucher urgedWoodward's consideration since, he argued, looking outside the Universitywould mean "stagnation and retrogression" while an unfamiliar choice became acclimated. Competent, well-liked, and admittedly interested in thejob, Woodward nonetheless ran into serious opposition because he advocatedan enhanced College.Dodd and a colleague on the searchcommittee, political science chairCharles Merriam, led the insurgencyagainst what they presumed a Woodward presidency would mean. "Weare in a hell of a fix," Merriam toldDodd. "If we are to do our duty weshall have to fight the board of Trustees." Sharing an unwavering commitment to research as the raison d'etre ofthe University, well versed in politicalhardball, and possessing national reputations that enabled them to confrontthe trustees, the two men determinedto oppose any candidate uncongenial totheir departments' interests.Merriam, not a man given to hyperbole, considered the presidentialsearch a "grave hour" for the University. "I do not see how the University can hold its own with the fierce competitionof the rising and powerful state universities unless we can once more be pioneers and path breakers as we were inthe days of Harper." Committee member Henry Gale, graduate dean of thephysical sciences, even suggested theyall resign if the trustees proceeded tomake Chicago another Princeton orYale.With no agreement on a candidate(at least not one that reciprocated theinterest), the search continued into thefall, when school-year responsibilitiesand Dodd's semester leave in Europeslowed the process. Woodward's willingness to serve as acting president forthe 1928-29 term postponed the needfor a decision. But the basic issue dividing the committee— and the campus-seemed no closer to being resolved.« J OT UNTIL THE 1928 WIN-f^^k I ter holiday season did theI ^B search committee (which-^ ^^- was ready to cast a wider net)get its first look at Robert Hutchins. InChicago on business, Hutchins was invited to campus under the pretext ofseeking his advice on law school matters. Presumably unaware of the largerpurposes of the interview, Hutchinsdisplayed the outspoken charm and administrative forcefulness that had already carried him far. Chicago's executive headhunters were impressed, butas Harold Swift testified later, theywere "scared to death" at the thoughtof offering the presidency to a thirty-year-old. Consequently, they againscratched his name.This young man who caught the attention of his elders was the second sonof a Presbyterian minister. Reared inBrooklyn and Oberlin, Ohio, where hisfather went to teach, Hutchins belonged to the modestly comfortable andI M. ^^&S M.zJM,cff and the University needed a president.There were 56 names on its list. One name that wasn't belonged toa 29-year-old dean from Yale: Robert Maynard Hutchins. But ayear later, the young dark horse got the nod. W^i29President Hutchins looked much like a College student in this1930s sketch by Maude McVeigh Hutchins.In the yemacular of the '20-s,Hutchins— the "boy wonder" of higher education—had "It, " an ineffable sex appeal from which eventhe academic community was not exempt. JPihighly respectable clerical establishment. As with so many of his generation, Hutchins shed the Christian theology of his father but retained aCalvinist imperative for work, linked toa deeply etched moralism that suffusedhis approach to education and public issues. College at Oberlin was interrupted by service in World War I. Hutchinsfinished college at Yale, where like hisfather before him he won the DeForestPrize in oratory. His gift for publicspeaking (often with no text before him)would be the vehicle for much of hispublic recognition and influence.Just two years out of college,Hutchins was invited back to New Haven as secretary of the Yale Corporation. Making time alongside his heavyadministrative duties to study law, hereceived his LL.B. in 1925 and immediately began teaching in the Yale LawSchool. An unusual turn of eventsmade him first acting, then permanentdean of the Law School in 1928. He instituted sweeping curricular reforms,including (in anticipation of his Chicago years) attempts to break down disciplinary boundaries and unify learning.Hutchins accomplished much in hisshort tenure at Yale Law Schoolthrough an impressive intelligence, aniconoclastic brashness, and— of particular importance for the Chicago committee—a facility for gleaning philanthropic dollars.Though the search committee hadbalked at Hutchins's youth, Swift's interest in the dashing Yale man prompted him to ask Charles Gilkey to inquirefurther about Hutchins during hispresidential reconnaissance missionthrough the East in early 1929. Gilkey'sconversations with Hopkins andAngell seemed to confirm earlier reservations about Hutchins: Hopkinsthought him "brilliant but not yet ripefor major responsibility"; Angelljudged Hutchins to possess "greatgifts, " but added that "his enthusiasmsand perspectives are not yet disciplinedor matured by sufficient experience."But if not Hutchins then who? Asthe stubborn Chicago winter begrudg-ingly gave way to spring that questionbecame more insistent. Committee favorites at mid-March were Dartmouth'sHopkins; L.D. Coffman, president ofthe University of Minnesota; HaroldMoulton, director of the Institute of Economics; Henry Suzzallo, president ofthe Carnegie Foundation; and Edmund E. Day, an economist with the Rockefeller Foundation.Suzzallo's and Day's ties to foundations were enticing to Charles Merriam,whose departmental research empirewas nourished by their largesse. Dayappeared to have an inside track, bothbecause of the University's traditionally close ties to the Rockefeller Foundation and because his knowledge of economics was considered vital in an ageof multimillion-dollar university budgets. Day's choice seemed so likely inMarch that one Chicago newspaperheadlined a story on Day, "Likely to BeChosen New U. of C. President."Like the Tribune's embarrassing announcement of Dewey's 1948 election,this one proved premature. Reservations about Day persisted. Swift,whose opinion mattered above all, admitted that he did not "find him at allthrilling, which disappoints me." That judgment extended to all five men onthe list. "They aren't vital enough or bigenough personalities, " one committeemember complained. Lukewarm toward the candidates from the outsideand with a need to make a decision, thetrustees suddenly found a Woodwardpresidency more attractive. Someprominent faculty, such as philosopherGeorge Herbert Mead and sociologistWilliam F. Ogburn, actively lobbied forhim. But William Dodd's feet were firmly planted against the move.With indecision in firm command,a letter from Edwin Embree to HaroldSwift seemed almost preternatural inits timeliness and effect. President ofthe Julius Rosenwald Fund, Embreegave a ringing endorsement of Hutchins as the man to continue Chicago'stradition of educational innovation. "Ithink there is a great danger that thisUniversity may settle down to be a good30 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989average institution— a calamity both tothe University and America ... I thinkthe decision so momentous that it iswell worth staking everything in hopeof doing something brilliant and distinctive." For Chicago to return to theleadership role it knew under Harper,Embree continued, required "youth,imagination and courage. Hutchins hasthese to a remarkable degree It istrue that there is some gamble in choosing so young a man," Embree conceded, but "the stakes are sufficientlyhigh to justify such a gamble."Embree's enthusiasm emboldenedthe search committee. With Swift already intrigued by Hutchins, the committee asked him to Chicago in April.Except for a few members who werepuzzled by Hutchins's occasional face-tiousness, the group was impressed.Swift confided to another trustee thathe was "reassured as to his stability andsanity." Still, the committee made further inquiries about Hutchins, including questions about the ability of hiswife, Maude McVeigh Hutchins, to fulfill the hostessing functions expected ofthe first lady. (Whatever the results ofthe inquiries, Maude Hutchins wouldlater bridle at her social duties as President's wife, preferring to pursue her career as a sculptor.)These follow-up investigationscompleted, Hutchins was invited backto Chicago in mid- April. Feeling a bit ona string, he complained to his fatherthat "if they don't mean business thistime I'm going to tell them to stop annoying me." That would not be necessary. On April 22 the offer was extended. Hutchins gave President Angell thecourtesy of formally releasing him fromthe deanship, which Angell reluctantlydid, and on the 24th Hutchinsaccepted.To some degree, Hutchins benefited from fortuitous timing. The committee badly needed a resolution to thepresidential search by spring. Moreover, as a dark horse from the beginning, Hutchins remained in the background as other candidates were moreclosely scrutinized, leaving at last thefield nearly to him alone.Hutchins also seemed the idealcompromise choice for the strainedfeelings at the University. Merriam andDodd saw in Hutchins a man agreeableto the research goals they had for theschool and were delighted. College advocates liked his Yale pedigree. An as tute administrator, credited with significant reforms in legal education,espousing a commitment to research,and endorsed by foundation leaders—Hutchins seemed for the moment aman for all seasons.Even the initial concern aboutHutchins's youth now became a bolstering argument. Swift's continual reminders that William Rainey Harperhad established the University at age 35were not only for reassurance aboutHutchins, they also bespoke the searchcommittee's unspoken but very apparent desire to recreate the experimentalexcitement of the University's foundingin their choice of president. Like thefounders, they looked again to Yale foranother "young man in a hurry."The wide coverage given Hutchins's appointment played on America'sinfatuation with youth. Newspaper accounts featured pictures of a tall,boyish-looking, and very handsomeHutchins accompanied by an attractiveand stylish wife. The incongruity of thisimage with the usual notion of university president formed a natural story line."Robbing the Cradle, " titled the LiteraryDigest piece, "Age Ignored," captionedTime. In the vernacular of the twenties,Hutchins had "It," an ineffable sex appeal from which even the stodgy academic community was not exempt. Themystique of Robert Hutchins— the "boywonder" of higher education— was already in the making upon his arrival atChicago.BUT WHAT KIND OF PRESI-dent would Hutchins make?That question abounded inthe University's facultylounges through the summer and intothe fall term. Hutchins hinted at an answer during his November inauguraladdress. Amidst the medieval pomp of500 academically garbed processionersappropriately assembled in the Gothicsplendor of the new Rockefeller Chapel, Hutchins shrewdly offered comfortto both sides of the dispute about Chicago's future. Reiterating the University's traditional commitment to research, he also promised not to"abandon or dismember the College."Chicago's "tradition of experiment"would also be maintained, Hutchinsproclaimed, going on to enumeratea broad reform agenda— includingthe faculty crowd-pleaser of highersalaries. Neither Hutchins nor his audiencecould have anticipated the fireworkssuch reforms would touch off over thenext two decades. Advocates of astronger College and advocates of research found Hutchins's presidencyprofoundly different from what theyhad expected. If he did not abolish theCollege, Hutchins did divest it of manyof its defining features: fraternities, intercollegiate football, and class-yearorganizations.In place of the usual rah-rah spirithe cultivated a pervasive intellectual-ism in the College that would in timebecome a point of perverse pride. Healso carried out curricular reforms already planned before he arrived (for example, comprehensive examinationsevaluated by an independent board ofexaminers) and later attempted a morethorough implementation of his visionof a proper undergraduate education.On the other hand, that large group ofChicago faculty who believed in thecanons of specialized, empirical research found Hutchins's repeated callsfor a unified learning to be alien to thescientific quest — even dangerouslyauthoritarian.Did the trustees' gamble on youthpay? That question can still arouse passionate debate thirty-eight years afterHutchins departed the campus. His detractors assert that he not only attempted to force a pluralistic universityinto the unitary mold of his muddledmetaphysics but also engaged in repeated administrative high-handedness, finally provoking a faculty revoltin 1944 that forced him to withdraw hisplan for increasing presidentialauthority.Although he aroused considerableopposition, Hutchins used his charismatic powers in pursuit of an admirableend, being perhaps the last true visionary to head a major university. He didmore to define the University than anypresident since Harper, although hisgoal of creating a community of scholars and students who together wouldweigh the enduring issues of life differed strikingly from Harper's formative blueprint.If what the search committee ultimately wanted was another young manin a hurry— a man of conviction, fearless of change, and capable of sustaining the institution's national recognition—the fate of the investment is clear.Hutchins repaid handsomely. B31ALUMNI CHRONICLEHelen Keller Isaacson, PhB'34, and her husband, Robert, at Reunion '89.Returning with InterestOfficially, 1,077 alumni returned tocampus for Reunion '89 in June. Inaddition, 236 graduating seniorsturned up at Robie House for specialbadges identifying them as "NewAlumni." Festooned with balloons,boaters, and totebags, alumni caughtup to date on each other— and on theUniversity.There were campus tours, performances by a Court Theatre troupeand the Motet Choir, and an "Ask thePresident" session that gave alumni a chance to question President HannaGray about University developments.Several questions concerned theUniversity's selective-investmentpolicy (during Reunion, a group ofalumni distributed flyers calling forthe University's total divestment); inreiterating that policy (FALL/85,pp. 20-21), Gray acknowledged thatthere are "differing views as to theappropriate strategies of making anykind of impact on the situation inSouth Africa."A series of lectures on Friday andSaturday included talks by faculty and alumni: Astrophysicist Carl Sagan,AB'54, SB'55, SM'56, PhD'60, spokeon "Liberal Education and the Planetary Perspective" (he found both inample supply at Chicago) while Mystery Writer Sara Paretsky, AM'69,MBA 77, PhD '77, talked about femalestereotypes in detective fiction(Paretsky's own heroine, VI.Warshawski, goes against the grain).Each reunion class held its ownreception and dinner on Friday night,with its own after-dinner program.The Class of '49, for example, celebrated its 40th reunion with a follow-up toa survey produced for their 10th reunion. George Rosenbaum, AB'49,AM'53, who did both surveys, told hisclassmates that some things hadstayed the same: the majority of theclass is still married, still working, andstill continues "to recognize our education at Chicago as a turning point inour lives."But, noted Rosenbaum, "with thepassage of time, our grades have gotten better. In 1959, a third of our classsaid they were C students in the College; now only 20 percent rememberthemselves that way."At the Friday night class dinners,several classes announced theirreunion giving to the University's1988-89 annual fund. Members of thereunion classes gave a total of $505,099in unrestricted gifts to the University—almost double the amount the sameclasses had given the year before.Honored GuestsDuring Reunion Weekend, theAlumni Association honored 15 alumni for outstanding contributions totheir professions, society— and theUniversity.Joseph B. Kirsner, PhD'42, a member of the Medical School faculty since1935, received the Alumni Medal.Awarded sparingly since its establishment in 1941, the medal recognizesextraordinary achievements and service to society. Kirsner was cited forhis influence on the University ofChicago Hospitals, the local community, and the world of medicine.32 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989Author of more than 700 papers,Kirsner is the world's leading authority on inflammatory bowel disease. In1983, he was instrumental in raisingthe initial funds to open the University's Bernard Mitchell Hospital.Twenty-five years ago, grateful patients established the GastrointestinalResearch Foundation of Chicago tosupport his research; with their support, plans are under way to build theJoseph B. Kirsner Center for DigestiveDiseases at the University.Three alumni were recognized forspecial contributions to their almamater.Julian H. Levi, PhB'29, JD'31,received the University Alumni Service Medal. From 1952 until 1980, Leviwas a professor of urban studies at theUniversity and a leader in redeveloping Hyde Park-Kenwood. As supervisor for the University of Chicago-South East Chicago Planning Unit, hehelped generate $300 million in privateinvestments in the community. In1980, Levi joined the University ofCalifornia-Hastings College of Law,Joseph B. Kirsner, PhD'42.where he is founder and chair of thePublic Law Research Institute.Receiving Alumni Service Citations were Joseph Rosenstein andPhilip C. White.Joseph Rosenstein, AB'39,AM'41, PhD'50, was instrumental inestablishing the University of ChicagoClub of Dallas/Fort Worth and served as its first president. Active in theAlumni Association Cabinet in the1970s and 1980s, he has been a University phone-a-thon caller for more thana decade.Philip C. White, SB'35, PhD'38,was president of the Alumni Association from 1963 to 1967, when theAlumni Association Cabinet expandedfrom a small, local committee into alarge, national board. The back-to-campus meetings he began were aforerunner of today's National Volunteer Leadership Conferences.First-rate WorkSeven alumni— with job descriptions ranging from retired schoolteacher to theatrical producer— werehonored at Reunion with ProfessionalAchievement Citations:Otis Dudley Duncan, PhD'49. Tenyears ago, the University gave Duncanan honorary doctorate, citing his innovative and influential research on themeasurement and analysis of socialprocesses. Professor emeritus of sociology at the University of California atSanta Barbara, Duncan introducedstructural equation models to sociological research.His contributions to research indemography, urban studies, ecology,and social stratification have made himone of the most cited sociolpgists of thepast decade. Before joining UC-SantaBarbara, he taught at the Universitiesof Chicago, Michigan, Southern California, and Arizona.Charlotte Heaton McGillen,SB'36. A public schoolteacher in Chicago from 1938 until she retired in1982, McGillen enriched the sciencecurriculum at Crane, Hyde Park, andMorgan Park high schools, meetingher students' particular needs by developing materials and methods thatdepended more on firsthand experience and less on the printed word.Students and colleagues praiseMcGillen's dedication to subject andrespect for pupils; a former studenthas established a scholarship in herhonor at Crane High School. Since1985, she has been a literacy volunteerwith the Adults Tutoring Adults program at South Suburban College inChicago.William McNeill, AB'38, AM'39. Time-Lapse PhotographyThe first picture (top) was taken in1939, when five friends of Irving Shef-fel, AB'39, gave him a graduation giftof a pipe and tobacco. Sheffel's friends(from left): Leonard Weiss, AB'39;Michael Dolnick, AB'38, AM'39;Morris Cohen, AB'39; Seymour Miller,AB'39; and Arnold Rose, AM'43.During Reunion '89, five of the sixmen returned to campus (above): Miller, Sheffel (holding a photo of Rose,who died in 1975), Cohen, Weiss, andDolnick. Reports Dolnick: "Sheffel isthe only one of the group who stilluses tobacco. We now think it was amistake to give him this gift."After receiving his doctorate fromCornell University in 1947 (thesis:"The Influence of the Potato on IrishHistory"), McNeill returned to theUniversity. Over the next 40 years— heretired in 1987 as the Robert A. Milli-kan Distinguished Service ProfessorEmeritus in History— he concentratedon broad social and historical issues,acting as a force for synthesis in an eraof specialization.He has published a score of booksand hundreds of articles, reviews, andchapters, including The Rise of the West,which won a National Book Award in1964. A former president of the American Historical Association, McNeillis vice chairman of the Christopher* 33Columbus Quincentenary JubileeCommission.Bernard Sahlins, AB'43. As co-founder and artistic director of SecondCity, Sahlins guided an enormouslyinfluential improvisational-theatrecompany. Sometimes called "the Oxford of comedy, " Second City has beenthe training ground for comedy artistsfrom Mike Nichols, X'53, to JohnBelushi.Sahlins, who originated the popular SCTV series, has produced television shows in the U.S., Canada, andGreat Britain, and has directed theatrical productions in all three countries.He is a cofounder of the InternationalTheater Festival of Chicago and thisyear began a new theatrical company,the Willow Street Carnival.Richard B. Stoughton, SB'45,MD'47. A research dermatologist,Stoughton developed a relatively simple, safe skin test, used worldwide topredict how well cortisone-type drugswill fight skin disease. In 1983, thatresearch, plus his study of topicalantibiotics in the treatment of acne,helped him to earn the StephenRothman Gold Medal of the Societyfor Investigative Dermatology. Themedal is named for the late Universityof Chicago professor who supervisedStoughton's residency.Professor of medicine (dermatology) at the University of California, SanDiego, Stoughton is past president ofthe American Dermatological Association and, from 1964 to 1972, edited theJournal of Investigative Dermatology.Alvin R. Tarlov, MD'56. In fourterms as chair of the University's Department of Medicine (1968-1981),Tarlov helped shape medical education nationally: reinstituting generalinternal medicine as an academic discipline and serving as chair of theDepartment of Health and HumanServices Graduate Medical NationalAdvisory Committee (GMENAC). His1980 GMENAC report on physicianmanpower needs in the U.S. remains astandard reference.In 1984, Tarlov left the Universityto become president of the Henry J.Kaiser Family Foundation in MenloPark, Calif., where he has worked tore-establish the foundation as a leaderin health promotion and disease prevention. In addition to developingimproved grant monitoring proce dures, Tarlov has begun a network offoundations to support programs thatno one foundation could fund on itsown.Sidney Weinhouse, SB'33,PhD '36. In more than 50 years of biochemical research, Weinhouse madefundamental contributions to thestudy of carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. During the latter part of hiscareer, he produced landmark work onthe metabolic basis of cancer; editedCancer Research for more than a decade;and, as director of Temple University'sFels Cancer Institute from 1963 to 1976,organized a team of scientists engagedin a comprehensive approach to cancerresearch.In 1987, Weinhouse, a life memberof the board of directors of the American Cancer Society, became seniorscientist at the Lankenau MedicalResearch Center, where, from 1950 to1957, he had led the metabolic chemistry department.For the Public GoodFour alumni received Public Service Citations at Reunion:Joseph Gidwitz, PhB'28. A Chicago businessman, Gidwitz has been aleading figure in civic and Jewish community service for more than 40 years.A pioneer in developing model community care programs for the elderly,Gidwitz has twice been a delegateto the White House Conference onAging. He also has served civic groupsfor commerce and industry, foreignrelations, and the arts.Elliott A. Johnson, PhB'28, JD'31.Senior partner in the Houston lawfirm he founded, Johnson has a longrecord of pro bono work. A law schooland a junior college in Houston owetheir accreditation in large part toJohnson, who as a board member ofthe local YMCA, persuaded the Y torelease its operational control of theschools and allow them to incorporate.Today, he chairs that law school'sboard of trustees. A nonprofit hospital, his church, and the Kiwanis Clubalso benefit from his efforts.Margaret Margrave, AM'29. Afterretiring from the National Associationof Mental Health in New York City,Margrave joined the Mayor's VoluntaryAction Center, where she created the Corporate Resource Service, a clearinghouse that helps businesses withexcess goods find nonprofit agenciesthat can make use of the leftovers.Taking "everything and anythingthat's offered," she found uses foritems from office furniture to paintstirrers. When health problems intervened, she recruited her successor—and wrote a how-to manual for volunteers in other cities.Edwin P. Wiley, AB'49, JD'52. AMilwaukee lawyer and corporateboard member, Wiley has volunteeredthousands of hours in communityservice. Beginning in 1971, Wileyhelped lead the drive to create a natureeducation preserve on the shores ofLake Michigan; in 1988, an amphitheatre at the Schlitz Audubon Center wasnamed in his honor. He has served onthe boards of many community organizations, including the FlorentineOpera Company, the Blood CenterResearch Foundation, Inc., and theWisconsin Conservatory of Music.Who's Who in Alumni RelationsAt the June meeting of the AlumniExecutive Council, Jeanne Buiter'sappointment as executive director forAlumni Relations was announced byWarren Heemann, vice president forDevelopment and Alumni Relations.Buiter, MBA'86, joined the AlumniRelations staff in September 1988 asnational program director and wasnamed acting director last October.Buiter, who has a B. A. from CalvinCollege and an M.F. A. from the ArtInstitute, was a senior teacher in theLaboratory Schools' art departmentfrom 1976 until 1986. After earning herM.B.A., she worked for two years infood service marketing— and volunteered with the Alumni Association.By early fall, four new associatedirectors had joined the Robie Housestaff. Laura Gruen, AB'67, AM'68, hasresponsibility for the alumni education program: expanding the travelprogram, developing alumni collegesand seminars, and coordinating faculty visits to alumni clubs. Gruen's University background includes work atthe Press, the Office of Radio andTelevision, and as publications editorfor the Law School.Daniel B. (Danny) Frohman coor-34 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989The Alumni Relations team assembles in Robie House: (back row, from left) Michael Watson, Midwest clubs; Jeanne Buiter, executive director; and Danny Frohman, clubs; (frontrow) Chris Howell, program assistant; Laura Gruen, alumni education programs; AmyGoerwitz, assistant for campus programs; Marlene Tuttle, assistant to the director; andShelley Uhler, campus programs.dinates the Alumni Clubs program. Agraduate of Princeton, Frohman followed a career in the performing arts(dance and theatre) with volunteerservice and work as general managerof a Chicago-based international seafood commodities firm. Michael B.Watson, SB '64, works with Frohmanon the Clubs staff, serving the Chicagoand Midwest clubs. Watson, whoholds anM.B.A. from Northwestern,has been a management consultant toboth the public and private sectors.As associate director for campusprograms, Michelle J. (Shelley) Uhler,will coordinate Reunion '90 planningand programs for current students, aswell as the office's Centennial planning. Uhler, who holds degrees fromLake Forest College and the Merrill-Palmer Institute, came to the University from Exchange National Bank ofChicago, where she was assistant vicepresident of the real estate division.Before entering the banking industry,she worked with Jobs for Youth.Your Nominations, PleaseThe 15 alumni award winnershonored at Reunion '89 were all nominated by members of the University community. Again this year, theAlumni Association invites all alumnito assist in the awards program bynominating persons whose outstanding achievements deserve recognitionin 1990. If you know of such persons,read on.To be eligible, a nominee musthave attended the University and nolonger be in residence. While awardsare often bestowed at the end of anaccomplished career, you are alsoencouraged to consider youngeralumni.There are five categories ofawards:The Alumni Medal, for extraordinarydistinction in one's field of specialization and for extraordinary service tosociety;The University Alumni Service Medal,for extended extraordinary service inthe University;The Professional Achievement Citation,recognizing those alumni whoseattainments in their vocational fieldshave brought distinction to themselves, credit to the University, andreal benefit to their fellow citizens;The Public Service Citation, honoringalumni whose creative citizenship andexemplary leadership in voluntaryservice have benefited society and reflected credit upon the University;andThe Alumni Service Citation, for outstanding service to the University.Your nominations should reach theAssociation's Awards Committee,which reviews and evaluates the information on each nominee, no later thanNovember 15, 1989. Nominationsremain confidential; please do notinform your candidates that theirnames are to be considered.Send your nominations to theAwards Committee, Robie House, 5757South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL60637. To receive a nomination form,write to the Awards Committee at theabove address or call 312/753-0802.A New Date for IUC Day?For the past five years, Universityof Chicago alumni, students, enteringstudents, and their families in citiesaround the world have gathered on orabout William Rainey Harper's birthday (July 24).This year was no exception. Abrunch in Dallas, a luncheon in Portland (Ore.), a trip to the Bronx Zoo, anouting to Boston Harbor Island, andan evening reception in Paris wereamong the events held in 27 cities. Tohelp promote the proper spirit, theAlumni Relations Office provided T-shirts, a University trivia game, andaudio greetings— including the MotetChoir singing the Alma Mater— fromChicago.There was, however, no IUC Dayevent in Chicago. In mid-July theplanned picnic was canceled whenadvance registration dipped to a record low— despite the fact that otherChicago-area summer alumni activities had been sellouts. Timing— notlack of interest— was the culprit, saysExecutive Director of Alumni RelationsJeanne Buiter, MBA' 86: "It's the middleof summer, which means that it's hot,that many people are on vacation, andthat many students have jobs."Alumni groups in other cities havealso suggested that midsummer isn'tthe easiest time to get people togetherand, says Buiter, "The time has cometo rethink IUC Day." One suggestion:postponing the event until after LaborDay, to tie in with the start of the newschool year.CLASS NEWS Photos by Richard Younker"No news is good news," is one cliche to whichwe do not ascribe at The Magazine. Please sendsome of your news — whatever it might be — to theClass News Editor, The University of ChicagoMagazine, 5757 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago, IL60637. No engagements, please. Items may beedited for space.8 Alice F. Braunlich, AB'08, AM'09, PhD'13,taught at the Frances Shimer School (now Shi-mer College) and Goucher College. She is 101years old and lives in Davenport, IA."1 /T Governors State University has named aJLU house on its University Park, IL, campus inhonor of Elizabeth and Percy Wagner, PhB ' 16. TheWagners live in Flossmoor, IL.OO Mary House Ryskind, PhB '23, lives inAL\J Arlington, VA. Her son, Allan Ryskind, iseditor and co-owner of Human Events and herdaughter, Ruth Ohman, edits the American Journalof Cardiology . Ryskind's father, J. T. House, also attended the University.^(L Clarinda Brower Burchill, PhB'26, lives inJ—\J El Dorado, KS. Her son, Brower Burchill, isan administrator at the University of Kansas.Or7 Inspired by a trip to Nicaragua, MadiZ./ Bacon, PhB'27, AM'41, of Berkeley, CA,founded and now chairs the Friends of the Nicara-guan Music Project, dedicated to establishing abasic music library there. She is collecting tapesand instruments for Managua, which has nomusic stores, and sends greetings to all of herclassmates.Louise Bloom, PhB'27, a retired teacher, hasreceived a certificate of achievement from theAmerican Association of University Women forher efforts to preserve freedom of thought and expression for the residents of her Winona, MN,community.The book Advances in Boron and the Boranes waspublished in honor of Anton B. Burg, SB '27,SM'28, PhD'31, recognizing the importance ofBurg's Ph.D. dissertation on boron hydrides andhis further work in the area. Burg lives in LosAngeles.Arnold K. King, AM'27, PhD'51, retired, livesin Chapel Hill, NC.Helen Palmer Sonderby, PhB'27. See 1930,Max Sonderby.i^Q Bertha Lurey Elston, PhB'28, nowzLO widowed, lives in Silver Spring, MD.i^Q Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., has estab-ZJy lished a chair in marketing at the University's Graduate School of Business in honor ofRobert P. Gwinn, PhB'29, the Encyclopaedia'schairman and chief executive officer. Gwinn, ofRiverside, IL, is a life trustee of the University, atrustee of the University Cancer Research Foundation, and chairman of the William BentonFoundation.Lillie Kunkle, AM'29, a retired history teacher, was inducted into the South Dakota Cowboyand Western Heritage Hall of Fame as one of SouthDakota's most eminent teachers.REUNION 90j u J>3 / 1 9 9 0On Charles H. Good, PhB'30, AM'37, lives in\*J\J Chicago.Max Sonderby, PhB'30, writes The Jury VerdictReporter, for the Chicago area and Helen PalmerSonderby, PhB'27, is retired but active in theLeague of Women Voters and at the WindemereClinic. O'l Simon H. Bauer, SB'31, PhD'35, gave ak_?-L lecture tour of universities in Japan andTaiwan. He is professor of physical chemistry atCornell University, Ithaca, NY.Julian Jackson, PhB '31, past president of theU of C Alumni Association, and Eleanor StackJackson, X'47, were named honorary fellows ofthe American Endodontic Society. Thejacksonsare principals in the Julian J. Jackson Agency, aChicago public relations and advertising firm.O O Ernestine M. J. Long, AM'32, was named\J A. Honors Listener by the International Biographical Centre at Cambridge, England, as "oneof the most outstanding women in the twentiethcentury for contributions to education."Maurice B. Olenick, SB'32, visited the Chicago area to attend the wedding of his grandniece,Rebecca Yalowitz, daughter of Edward Yalowitz,JD'60, and Nancy Barnett Yalowitz, AB'60.Olenick lives in Palm Springs, CA.Everett V. Olson, SB'32, SM'33, PhD'35, researches butterfly phylogeny through the use ofDNA. He and his wife, Lila, live in Los Angeles.OO Elsbeth Johler Chadwick, PhB '33, lives in¦DO Denton, TX.Albert J. Galvani, PhB'33, sold the Donovan-Galvani of Dallas, Inc., Company, the second-oldest fashion design and manufacturing firm inDallas, TX. He devotes his energies to the Albertand Ruth Galvani Scholarship Foundation of theUniversity's Graduate School of Business, civicand community charities, and his seven grandchildren.Arthur Heim, PhB'33, is president and chiefexecutive officer of Leasing Consultants, an international equipment lessor based in Chicago. Heand his wife, Sylvia, whom Heim met while attending the University, celebrated their 50th anniversary in August.Sidney Weinhouse, SB'33, PhD'36, wasnamed an honorary member of the Japanese Cancer Association. Senior scientist at the LankenauMedical Research Center, he is also cover editor ofCancer Research.O A Charles Darwin Andersen, PhB'34,vDt: AM'35, of Bethesda, MD, is in his 30th yearas a leader of Great Books discussions.Albert E. Sidwell, PhD'34, is retired and livesin Jacksonville, AR.REUNION 90J U N I 1 9 9QC Cliff G. Massoth, PhB'35, of Homewood,\J\J IL, delivers Meals-on-Wheels, does maintenance work for his church, and participates inElderhostels.Full Steam Ahead!, a biography of Peter Demensby Albert Parry, AB'35, PhD'38, is now availablein two editions. Parry, who is professor emeritusof Russian civilization and language of ColgateUniversity, lives in St. Petersburg, FL.Sol Tax, PhD'35. See 1962, Marianna TaxCholdin.O /2 Former Girl Scout leader Ruth Eddy Dow-\I?0 ney, PhB'36, hosted a reunion for membersof her troop, 30 years after their graduation fromhigh school. Downey puts out the newsletter forher women's Bible class and belongs to local cultural organizations in Jackson, MS.William Koenig, AB'36, is president of theFriends of the North Hollywood Library group.His oldest grandson graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, last May.American Heritage of Invention and Technology has published a memoir by C. Marcus Olson, PhD'36.John G. Roberts, SB'36, a freelance writer inJapan, is associated with the Center for Investigative Reporting, San Francisco, and with severalJapanese and international publications.Q >y J. Keith Butters, AB'37, of Lexington, MA,\D I received Harvard Business School's Distinguished Service Award. Butters, a professor emeritus of HBS, was a course developer and on theoriginal faculty of the owner/management program there.Ruth Shapiro Kadish, AB'37, and her neighbors in San Francisco, CA, successfully petitionedthe city and won a battle over "neighborhoodillumination."John G. Morris, AB'37, of Paris, France, hasgiven his archives to the University's RegensteinSpecial Collections.QQ Frederick B. Linstrom, AB'38, AM'41,OO PhD'50, of Tempe, AZ, edited Waving theFlag for Old Chicago, a special issue of Sociological Perspectives. U of C alumni Ralph H. Turner, PhD'48,and Bernard Farber, AM'49, PhD'53, contributedto the issue.The board of governors of the MathematicalAssociation of America honored Ivan Niven,PhD'38, with its Award for Distinguished Servicefor his contributions to mathematics in public service, teaching, scholarship, and research. Nivenlives in Eugene, OR.Paul G. Wassenich, AM'38, DB'39, and hiswife, Ruth, have been married for over 50 years.They live in Fort Worth, TX.Q Q Alfred T. De Groot, PhD'39, of Vernon, TX,J y is interim minister for Christian Churches.Frederick Hill, SM'39, is a real estate broker-salesman in Webster Groves, MO, and has threegrandchildren.Susan D. Hoyne, AB'39, is assistant agencysecretary at Bankers Life and Casualty Co. Shelives in Elgin, IL, where she raises and showsBasenji dogs.Fred Messerschmidt, AB'39, JD'41, ofElmhurst, IL, received the Distinguished Governor award from Elmhurst Memorial Hospital.Kenneth L. Skillin, AB'39, and Jane WilliamsSkillin, AB'39, write that they have spent the nineyears since their 1980 marriage visiting the sevencontinents. They dated while students at the U ofC, but went their separate ways after graduation.Both widowers, they rediscovered each other in1979 through a Class News item in The Magazine.Now retired, they are both "devoted to wanderingthe planet."REUNION 90A C\ Julian R. Goldsmith, SB '40, PhD'47, the\IW Charles E. Merriam Distinguished ServiceProfessor Emeritus of the University, has receivedthe Harry H. Hess Medal of the AmericanGeophysical Union and the Roebling Medal of theMineralogical Society of America. He writes that apost-retirement grant from the Natural ScienceFoundation keeps him "hacking away in the lab."Bundhit Kantabutra, MBA'40, of Bangkok,Thailand, was awarded an honorary Ph.D. instatistical science f rom Chulalongkorn University,recognizing work that earned him the title,"Father of Statistics in Thailand."ft\ James R. Lawson, AB'41, has retired from71 J. his position as carillonneur of the RiversideChurch and from the Department of Music atLehman College, City University of New York.36 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989Jean Berkson Sachs, SB'41, SM'43, retired asdirector of the Bureau of Home Economics of theChicago Board of Education.ylOU Grange (IL) High School honoredTCvJ Edwin (Ned) Munger, SB'43, SM'48,PhD'51, professor emeritus of the California Institute of Technology, as a distinguished graduate.Volunteer president of the Cape of Good HopeFoundation, Munger recently visited the University of Namibia on a trip to Africa. He would like tohear from alumni who would like to donate booksand journals to predominantly black universitiesin southern Africa. His address is: the CaliforniaInstitute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 92215.Harry Roberts, AB'43, MBA' 47, PhD'55, professor in the University's Graduate School ofBusiness, was named Statistician of the Year by theChicago chapter of the American StatisticalAssociation.Joanne Gerould Simpson, SB'43, SM'45,PhD'49, is the first woman president of the American Meteorological Society. A specialist in tropicalcloud systems, storms, and tropical rain measurements, she is chief scientist for meteorology atNASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Green-belt, MD.After the Soviet incursion into Afghanistan,Shirlee Heda Taraki, AB'43, AM'47, who livedthere for 25 years, helped to form a chapter of theAfghanistan Relief Committee in the Chicagoarea. She is also cochair of the Human Rights inAfghanistan Committee and organizer of theWomen's Task Force, an affiliate of the Committee.The members are Afghan and American women inthe Chicago area who are concerned about the lackof educational opportunities for women in refugeeareas. Taraki is a library assistant at the Northwestern Library in Evanston, IL.A A The Senior Legislative Forum of IllinoisTITI presented Lloyd J. Blakeman, SB'44, witha Senior Service Award in recognition of hisoutstanding contributions to senior citizens.Blakeman lives in Palos Park, IL.Margaret Weirick Nybak, AM'44, writes thatafter 40 years of social work, her new occupation isa bookshop whose decor features photos of U of Cpersonalities. She lives in San Luis Obispo, CA.Muriel Newman Roston, PhB'44, AM'50, ofLouisville, KY, enjoys taking classes at the University of Louisville and traveling. She has four children and three grandchildren.REUNION 90A C For the past forty years, classmates RobertrtO Jim, SB'45, MD'48, and Richard Blaisdell,MD'47, have had more in common than mostalumni. Both native Hawaiians of Chinese ancestry, they attended the U of C at the same time andspecialized in hematology, returning to Hawaii topractice medicine. They now work at the samemedical center inHonoluluandare often mistakenfor each other, especially by the patients that theyshare.A /T Geraldine Le May, AM'46, retired, doesTlO volunteer work in Savannah, GA.Jose Trejos-Fernandez, X'46, former president of Costa Rica, lives in San Jose.A t*J In recognition of his role in the advance-TT/ ment of scholarship in higher education,Robert T. Blackburn, SB'47, SM'48, PhD'53, received the Research Achievement Award from theAssociation for the Study of Higher Education.Blackburn, who was a member of the University'sfaculty from 1950 to 1954, is a professor at the University of Michigan's Center for the Study of Higher & Postsecondary Education, Ann Arbor.Richard Blaisdell, MD'47. See 1945, RobertJim.Frances Eldredge, PhD'47, has returned from an opera tour of Europe, during which she especially enjoyed the "liberation holiday" celebrations in Budapest.Arnold Harberger, AM'47, PhD'50, the Gus-tavus F. and Ann M. Swift Distinguished Service Professor in Economics at the University, hasbeen elected to the National Academy of Sciences. A specialist in public finance and economicdevelopment, Harberger is also an author and aconsultant.At the Radford University (VA) Conference onU.S. International Competitiveness, Joseph A.Hasson, MBA'47, AM'50, PhD'51, delivered a paper addressing the problem of foreign pirating andcounterfeiting of U.S. corporations' intellectualproperty rights. Hasson lives in Rockville, MD.Robert T. Hennemeyer, PhB'47, AM'50, received an honorary Ph.D. from Saint Mary's College, Winona, MN. Retired from the U.S. ForeignService, he is now director of the office of international justice and peace of the U.S. Catholic Conference, Washington, DC.Eleanor Stack Jackson, X'47. See 1931, JulianJackson.Richard H. Jung, AM'47, of Sheboygan, WI,retired as a social worker and supervisor forthe Sheboygan County Juvenile Court and theDepartment of Social Services.Lester Mouscher, PhB'47, SB'48, is a directorof the Chicago Board of Trade and is on the boardof directors of the MidAmerica CommodityExchange.Elbert B. Smith, AM'47, PhD'49, nationalpresident of the Fulbright Alumni Association, received a Fulbright lecturing grant for study atLeningrad University.Henry Stern, PhB'47, JD'50, of Dallas, TX,joined other alumni and Guy Alitto, AM'66, associate professor in the University's departments ofHistory and East Asian Languages and Civilizations, on a trip to China.Donald G. Thompson, PhB'47. See 1985, Virginia Harding Thompson.Animal Farm: Pastoralism and Politics, a study onGeorge Orwell, has been dedicated to ErnestTilford, AM'47, in recognition of his service toAmnesty International and the general cause ofhuman rights. Tilford lives in Tucson, AZ .AQ Valerie Kopecky Craig, MBA' 48, is an ad-TlO ministrative assistant at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California, San Diego. She has accompanied herhusband, Harmon Craig, SM'50, PhD'51, onmany oceanographic expeditions in the Pacificand Indian Oceans, as well as in research in the FarEast and Africa. When not on field expeditions,she is busy "running the financial end of the isotope laboratory and waging cheerful warfareagainst crabgrass" at her home in La Jolla, CA.Peter Everson, AB'48, has developed Brain-skills (TM), a visual leadership program used inhis teaching program, the Pete Everson & Associates Coaching Network in New Canaan, CT,Brunhilde Metlay Goodman, AM '48. See1984, David A. Goodman.Morris Halle, AM'48, Institute Professor ofLinguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, was awarded an honorarySc.D. by Brandeis University.Stanley M. Heggen, MBA' 48, of Bloomington,IL, was cochairman of the selective gifts unit of theMcLean County (IL) United Way campaign, whichexceeded its $95,000 goal.Yvonne Engwall Sheline, PhB'48, AM'51, ofTallahassee, FL, was an educational consultant tothe American Baptists in Zaire, where she wrotebooks in Kikongo and supervised their translationinto other languages. She has seven children andnine grandchildren.Ralph H. Turner, PhD'48. See 1938, FrederickLinstrom.AQ Bernard Farber, AM'49, PhD'53. See 1938,Tl3' Frederick Linstrom. FAMILY ALBUM '89tjM U-™*« ^E«\f&m-iJ^ESl >^'"Bgiaiiteifll &k$\;David Hyman, AB '83, JD '89; Nathan Hyman; andKaren Kapner Hyman, AB'82, AM' 88.MWW$Moushumi Biswas Phillips; Basudeb Biswas, AM'75,PhD'76; Sugata Biswas, AB'89; andRenuka Biswas.Mary Ann Wenniger; Julia Wenniger, AB'89; MaceWenniger, AB'48, AM'51; andlan Wenniger.Marshall Missner, AB'63, AM'67, PhD'70; LeeBraude,AM'54, PhD'64; Jeffrey Braude, AB'89; Norma M.Braude; Daniel Missner; and Esther Dolnick Missner,SB'34. (The late Arthur A. Dolnickwas SB'38, PhD'41.)37Stella May, AB '87; Stephen May; Suvanna May, AB '89;Betty Moy; and Selina May.Rea Ginsberg, AB'63; Robert Druyan, AB'52, SB'54,MD'56; Lara Druyan, AB'89; Mary Ellen SpectorDruyan, PhD'72; and Kira Druyan.Josef Francel; Lisa Gigstad, MBA'85 (holding LeifGigstadFrancel); Paul Francel, PhD'87, MD'89 (holding TheaGigstad Francel); Vlasta Francel; and Bob Zillig, MBA'85.Stefanie Herman-Karow; Jacqueline Karow; JessieHerman; Charlotte Herman, AB'89; Ralph Herman; andthe Reverend Theresa Herman, AB'81, AM' 83,MDV85. Dennis J. Fleming, AM'49, is in his secondterm as chair of the Long Beach, MS, Civil ServiceCommission.E. Thomas Gumbert, MBA'49, of St. Joseph,MO, and Angela Sharpe were married in May.Murray A. Harding, AB'49. See 1985, VirginiaHarding Thompson.Walter Hartmann, AM'49, of Hammond, IN,has retired from Purdue University Calumet asprofessor emeritus of psychology.Bernhard Hormann, PhD'49, of Honolulu,HI, spoke at the funeral services of the lateAndrew W. Lind, PhD'31.In June, Susan Pearlman Kagan, X '49, of NewYork City, performed with violinist Josef Suk inCzechoslovakia. In November, she will give a solopiano recital in New York City's Merkin Hall.In recognition of his work on behalf of Germanculture, Herbert Lederer, AM'49, PhD'53, wasawarded the Federal Cross of Honor, first class, bythe government of the Federal Republic of Germany. Lederer, who also holds an Austrian Cross ofHonor for Arts and Letters, first class, lives inStorrs, CT.James W. Marshall, DB'49, a retired pastor, ison the board of the Milwaukee chapter of Habitatfor Humanity.Sam Meyer, AM'49, professor emeritus ofEnglish at Morton College, published articles inThe Journal of Advanced Composition and Naval History.He lives in Chicago.Lincoln Y. Reed, DB'49, a retired minister,lives in Seattle, WA.REUNION 90C r\ Alberto Calderon, PhD '50, University Pro-\J\J fessor Emeritus in Mathematics, and JohnMilnor of the Institute for Advanced Study, havereceived the $100,000 Wolf Prize in Mathematics.One of the world's leading experts in mathematical analysis, Calderon lives in Buenos Aires,Argentina.Harmon Craig, SM'50, PhD'51. See 1948,Valerie Kopecky Craig.The King of Sweden awarded the rank of commander in the Royal Order of the Polar Star to AlanM. Fern, AB'50, AM'54, PhD'60. Fern was honored for his role in organizing an exhibition at theNational Portrait Gallery in Washington, DC,where he is director, and for other joint culturalundertakings.Following careers in social work, city planning, and civil rights law, Ralph David Fertig,AB'50, X'54, is supervisory trial attorney for theEqual Employment Opportunity Commission inLos Angeles.Harold R. Harding, AB'50. See 1985, VirginiaHarding Thompson.The New York City division of the AmericanCancer Society honored Donald Purcell, AM'50,with a Meritorious Service Award. Purcell, a volunteer with the Society, published Not for Me!, aneducational coloring book with a substance abuseprevention theme.Kenneth H. Rivkin, AB'50, AM'53, of Jerusalem, Israel, is president of Jerusalem Books, Ltd.,a worldwide distributor of books and periodicalsby Israeli publishers.C"! Gerald C. F. Allen, X'51, retired, is listed\J J. in Who's Who in the World. He and his wife,Anne, live in Milwaukee, WI, where son Ethanworks at the First Wisconsin Bank. Their daughterKatie is in investment banking in New York City,and their daughter Betsy is in library work.Cal C. Herrmann, AB'51, SM'56, of Richmond, CA, is water quality specialist at the NASAAmes Research Center.Stanley A. Wick, AM'51, and his wife, Gail, ofDuarte, CA, spent a term as assistants with the Summer Institute of Linguistics in Guatemala.C ry Mar jorie Flint Coombs, AM'52, is supervi-OZ. sor of a clinic and of in-patient children andadolescent services at Westchester County Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, an affiliate of New YorkMedical Colleges. She writes that she is "harriedby the constant need to prove the worth of theservice, but still motivated for its practice."Raymond Davenport, X'52, semi-retired,does consulting and public relations work for theChristian Bros., Romeoville, IL.In recognition of his work, Sam 's Book, DavidRay, AB'52, AM'57, received the Maurice EnglishPoetry Award at a presentation sponsored by theMaurice English Foundation for Poetry and thePhiladelphia Art Alliance. Ray is professor of English at the University of Missouri, Kansas City.CO Lawrence S. Lerner, AB'53, SM'55,\J\D PhD'62, won the 1989 Award for Excellencein Teaching from California State University, LongBeach, where he is professor of physics. He hasjust completed a term on the California State Science Curriculum Framework Committee, workingto improve the science textbooks used in California. Narcinda Reynolds Lerner, SM'59, PhD'62,is a research scientist at NASA Ames ResearchCenter, where she specializes in polymer physicalchemistry. The Lerners devote their spare time toopera and Newfoundland dogs.Francis G. Nelson, DB'53, AM'64, of McMin-nville, OR, has received an honorary degree fromthe American Baptist Seminary, Berkeley, CA.Harold F. Rosenbaum, AB'53, MBA'55, isdirector of market research, planning, and administration at Norelco Consumer Products Co.,Stamford, CT, where he founded a marketing research program. He and his wife, Ann UnderhillRosenbaum, AM'59, a psychotherapist, live inNorth Stamford. Their son, David, is a development engineer, and their daughter, Susan, received her M.A. from the Julliard School andattends the Opera Center.tZA Florence W. Bell, AM'54, plays golf andC/i paints in Toronto, ON, Canada.REUNION 90CC Asa former Civilian Conservation CorpsOO enrollee, Robert K. Le Beck, MBA'55, ofSequim, WA, is enjoining the U.S. Congress toreinitiate HR99 and S27.Irving Krauss, AM'55, professor emeritus ofsociology of Northern Illinois University, waselected to the school board of Alpine County, CA.David B. Parke, DB'55, and his wife, Marta,have purchased a new home in Salem, MA.DanielH. Perlman, AB'55, AM'56, PhD'71, isa visiting scholar at the Harvard University Graduate School of Education, and at the New EnglandResource Center for Higher Education, part of theJohn W. McCormack Institute at the University ofMassachusetts, Boston.C /T Ivan A. Backerman, AB'56, of East Point,\J\J GA, is treasurer of the Barrier Island Trust,Inc., a nonprofit organization to preserve the natural state of an island off the Florida coast.In London, England, Gordon Harrington,AM'56, PhD'59, researched the activities of thefirst American Protestant missionaries to Indiaand prepared a treatise on missionary problemsfrom a British point of view. Harrington is professor of history at Weber State College, Ogden, UT.Samuel H. Mesnick, JD'56, is in his secondterm as judge of the Bay Municipal Court in Richmond, CA.CO Women's Ways of Knowing: The Development of\JO Self, Voice, and Mind, coauthored by MaryField Belenky, AM'58, won the DistinguishedPublication award from the Association of Womenin Psychology. Belenky, of Marshfield, VT, is an38 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989associate research professor at the University ofVermont .Carl H. Denoms, AM'58, retired as assistantcoordinator of Chicago's Black on Black Love Program and is now on the board of the Francis AtlasCenter.Last year, Roger D. Masters, AM'58, PhD'61,taught as a visiting lecturer at Yale Law School. Heis chairman of the Department of Government atDartmouth College, Hanover, NH.Mildred Hallett Myren, AM'58, was namedinterim executive director of the Chicago BaptistAssociation, where she generates the Association's newsletter and other communications. Sheand her husband, Al, live in Chicago and participate in community activities.Carl Tjerandsen, PhD'58, helped to transferfoundation files to the University's RegensteinLibrary and to organize an oral history project onthe life and work of Ralph W. Tyler. Tjerandsenlives in California's Carmel Valley.C Q Charlotte Adelman, AB'59, JD'62, has her\Jy own law practice in Chicago.Narcinda Reynolds Lerner, SM'59, PhD'62.See 1953, Lawrence S. Lerner.Catherine V. McBride, AM'59, retired, hikesand works with handicapped children, dividingher time between the Chicago area and Arizona'sGreen Valley.Gary Mokotoff, X'59, of Northvale, NJ, ispresident of the Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies.Mary Lou Wickersheim Muehleis, BFA'59, isvice-president of corporate administration and amember of the advisory board at Kitzing, Inc., aChicago-based trade show marketing agency.Muehleis, whose hobby is genealogy, recentlypublished an account of her family's history. Sheand her husband have four children and live inElmhurst, IL.Jirik Parez, SM'59, of San Diego, CA, writesthat he has been forced to become his own "amateur attorney, " seeing a terrible disparity betweenthe rationality of modern science and the irrationality of a corrupt justice system.Mona Freidlander Root, AB'59, AM'64,writes that she is working hard as an architect inMiami, FL, and invites traveling classmates togive her a call at R.T.K.L. Associates, Inc., inFt. Lauderdale.AnnUnderhill Rosenbaum, AM'59. See 1953,Harold F. Rosenbaum.£JT\ George Aker, MBA 60, of Evanston, IL, isVJVy treasurer of the Evangelical LutheranChurch in America.After 25 years in the civil service Charles F.Lanman, AB'60, retired and returned to school inorder to earn his B. S. in computer science from theUniversity of the District of Columbia. He nowworks as a software engineer and Ada programmer in Washington, DC, where he lives with hiswife and their two children.Edward Yalowitz, JD'60, and Nancy BarnettYalowitz, AB'60. See 1932, Maurice B. Olenick./'-I Donald Dowling, Sr., JD'61. See 1984,OJ. Nancy Hill Dowling.Chan Lien, AM'61, PhD'65, of Taipei, Taiwan,is minister of communications and a member ofthe Central Standing Committee of the Kuomin-tang.Gandikota V. Rao, SM'61, PhD'65, is professor and director of meteorology in the Departmentof the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at St. LouisUniversity, St. Louis, MO.£?\ William G. Bauer, X'62, collaborated as de-KJjL. signer and builder with artist Richard Yardeon a work for the Joseph P. Addabbo Federal Building in Queens, NY. Bauer and his wife, LaurelWerner Bauer, AB'64, live in Amherst, MA.Marianna Tax Choldin, AB'62, AM'67,PhD'79, was named the first C. Walter and GerdaB.Mortenson Distinguished Professor for International Library Programs by the University of Illi nois at Urbana-Champaign. Choldin, who is thehead of the Slavic and East European Library anddirector of the Russian and East European Centerat the U of I, is the daughter of Sol Tax, PhD'35,professor emeritus of anthropology of the University of Chicago.Ira J. Fistell, AB'62, JD'64, has a radio talk program on ABC in Los Angeles. He and his wife havefive children— Chris, Kitty, Mary Ellen, Sara, andAndrea. He sends best wishes to all, and can bereached at KABC Radio, 3321 S. La Cienega Blvd . ,Los Angeles, CA 90016.Diana T. Slaughter, AB'62, AM'64, PhD'68,delivered a lecture in the science and public policyseminar series of the Federation of Behavioral,Psychological and Cognitive Sciences. She is anassociate professor at Northwestern University'sSchool of Education, Evanston, IL.Cjy Mervin C. Hamblin, PhD'63, has beenOC? transferred to the permanent mission ofCanada of the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, and to the Conference on Disarmament,where he is counselor of defense science andCanadian scientific adviser.Jane Whitehill, AB'63, is a stage director for LaGran Scena Opera Co. , an all-male troupe of singers that performs the "great chestnuts" of 19th-century opera in drag with "a pinch of nostalgiaand melancholy in ... comic genius, " according toThe Washington Times. Whitehill, of New York City,writes that the revue is for people who love operaand for people who hate opera ./T A Sylvester Awuye, AM'64, is working forO A the United Nations High Commission forRefugees in Namibia.Laurel Werner Bauer, AB'64. See 1962,William G. Bauer.REUNION 90S C Milton Cole, SM'65, PhD'70, a professor at\J\J Pennsylvania State University, UniversityPark, received a Fulbright Scholarship, enablinghim to go to Oxford University.Katharine Prager Darrow, AB'65, a generalcounsel and vice-president of the New York TimesCo., was named director of the broadcasting/information services group there.C. Richard Johnson, JD'65, an attorney withthe Chicago firm Schiff Hardin & Waite, is a trusteeof Ripon College, Ripon, WI.Robert M. Lipgar, PhD'65, was honored bythe Illinois Psychological Association for his contributions to the profession. Lipgar, of Chicago,directs group psychotherapy training in the Department of Psychiatry at the University, consultsat the psychiatric in-patient unit of the University's Medical Center, and directs the annual GroupRelations Conference. In addition to a privatepractice in psychotherapy, he is also on the facultyof the Chicago School of Professional Psychology,the University of Illinois at Chicago School ofMedicine, the Institute for Clinical Social Work,and the doctor of psychotherapy program at theChicago Institute for Psychoanalysis.North Central College named John S. Reist,Jr., AM'65, PhD'76, one of the top ten professorsin its 125-year history. Reist, who taught English atNorth Central for ten years, is vice-president foracademic affairs and professor of Christianity andliterature at Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, MI.rr GuyAlitto, AM'66. See 1947, Henry Stern.DO Stanley Bach, AB'66, is senior specialist in legislative process at the congressional research service of the Library of Congress, of Washington, DC.After taking time off to raise her sons, Jonathan and Benjie, Sally A. Cook, AB'66, has returned to the practice of law with the firm Dutton& Overman, P.C., in Indianapolis, IN. Kent Talbot, AM'74; Terrence Talbot, AB'89; and CassMcGovem.Miriam AsherKohn, AB'53, AB'55, AM'57; DavidKohn, AB'89; Martin Kohn; and Susanna Kohn. (Notshown: Aaron Asher, AB'49, AM'52.)John H. Halpern, student in the College; Teddy Brodkin;Rebekah D. Greenberg, AB'89; Gary J. Greenberg,AB'62, AM'63; and Miriam Greenberg.Doris Kesner; W. H. Graton; Marilyn Chananie RandGraton, AM'69; Erica Rand, AM' 81, PhD'89; SpencerRand, AB '83; Cynthia Rand, MD '89; Sophie Chananie;and Adele Rand.3«David McLeese, MBA'88; Katharine Irschick, AB'89;and Eugene F. Irschick, PhD'64.Joseph Baskin; Barbara Minsk Baskin; Philip Baskin,AB'89; Yehuda Baskin, SB'Sl, SM'52, PhD'55; andBenjamin Baskin.Yogi Sharma; Usha Sharma, AM'77; Sanjay Sharma;Vandana Sharma, AB'89; Monica Sharma; DevindraSharma, AM'74; andKaseri Sharma.Ted Carlson; Ruth Mouly; Melissa Mouly, AB '89;Catherine Mouly, AM'76, PhD'86 (holding LeoCarlson); Jean Mouly (holding Anthony Carlson); andRaymond Mouly. (Virginia) Valiska Gregory, AM '66, is anaward-winning poet and author. She and her husband have two daughters, Melissa and Holly, andlive in Indianapolis, IN.John N. King, AM'66, PhD'73, is professor ofEnglish at Ohio State University, Columbus, andeditor of the journal Literature and History.Kenneth Naylor, PhD'66, was awarded theOrder of the Yugoslav Flag with Golden Wreath bythe presidency of the Socialist Federal Republicof Yugoslavia. Naylor, who also holds Bulgaria'sJubilee Medal, is professor of Slavic linguisticsat Ohio State University, Columbus.Philip Carl Salzman, AM'66, PhD'72, received the Gold Award of the International Unionof Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences for"outstanding work on behalf of the Union" duringhis term as chairman of the Commission onNomadic Peoples and editor of the internationaljournal Nomadic Peoples. Salzman is professor andchairman of the anthropology department atMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ffTJ Dorothy K. Chin, AB' 67, is the first woman\J I of Chinese- American ancestry to be electeda civil court judge in New York City.Paul Freedenberg, AM'67, PhD'72, is an international trade consultant to the law firm Baker &Botts, Washington, DC.Ronald Of fen, AM'67, is editor of Free Lunch,the poetry journal of the Free Lunch Arts Alliance,a nonprofit organization in Irvine, CA. Offen is incharge of the library at Niguel Hills Junior HighSchool in Laguna Niguel, CA.Alphons Richert, AB'67, AM'69, PhD'72, received the Faculty Excellence Award from WesternIllinois University, Macomb, where he is professorof psychology./T Q While in El Salvador to provide protectiveDO accompaniment for the NongovernmentalHuman Rights Commission of El Salvador(CDHES), John L. Hammond, AM'68, PhD'72,was captured and subsequently released by theSalvadoran military. The CDHES, which wasfounded to document and publicize human rightsviolations, tries to rescue captured people as wellas publicize abuses. Hammond teaches sociologyat Hunter College and at the Graduate Center ofthe City University of New York.Daniel Hertzberg, AB'68, is editor of marketsand investing at the Wall Street Journal in New YorkCity.Harold Himmelfarb, AM'68, PhD'74. See1971, Sabine Schlesinger Himmelfarb.Ernest Maynard Moore, AM'68, is affiliatedwith Reutemann Wagner King and Associates, atax and financial management consulting firm inBethesda, MD./2Q Abraham Aamidor, AB'69, received an\J J honorable mention for feature writing in astatewide journalism contest sponsored by theSociety of Professional Journalists. Aamidor, ofBloomington, IN, is a feature writer for the Indianapolis News.Thomas J. Emerson, X'69, X'72, is a member ofthe technical staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories inHolmdel, NJ. He received an M.S. in mathematicsfrom New York University and is a Ph . D. candidateat NYU's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. In his avocation as an actor he is making hisdebut with a troupe that stages "murders" at resorts and nightclubs.Elliot J. Feldman, AB'69, received his J.D.from Harvard Law School and is associated withSteptoe & Johnson, an international firm based inWashington, DC.During an absence from his post as Lutheranbishop of North Carolina, Michael C. D. McDa-niel, AM'69, PhD'78, was made a fellow of Mansfield College, Oxford University, as LutheranWorld Federation Lecturer and Tutor. He and hiswife, Marjorie, live in Salisbury, NC.Ronald A. Melancon, AM'69, of Tampa, FL, iscurrently executive director of the East Parco Health Center in Dade City, FL.REUNION 90r7/~\ Anne Freedman, AB'70, and Leonardo/ \J Auslender were married in March.Barbara Curcic Freeouf, AB'70, MAT'71, ofKatonah, NY, is president of the northeastern region of Pi Lambda Theta, the national honor andprofessional association in education.Steven M. Goldberg, AB'70, works for theAmerican Constitution Committee, is secretary ofthe American Freedom Coalition of Washington,and has helped to promote and organize the firstWise Use of the Environment Conference in Washington. He and his wife, Marianne, have twodaughters, Audrey and Vera, and live in FederalWay, WA.Michael J. R. Tessman, AB'70, is a part-timepastor of the Trinity and St. Mark's EpiscopalChurches— a "seemingly downward career move"which actually gives him time to take care of hischildren while his wife returns to the nursing profession. From their home in Derby, CT, he writesthat life truly does begin at forty.ryi Last year, Albert Adams, PhD'71, of Bos-/ J- ton, MA, was a guest consultant to Sunstar,Inc., of Osaka, Japan. He is director of training ofcomputer-assisted mass appraisal with the Massachusetts Department of Revenue.Sabine Schlesinger Himmelfarb, AB'71, received her Ph . D. from Ohio State University and isa clinical psychologist at Harding Hospital inWorthington, OH. Harold Himmelfarb, AM'68,PhD'74, is associate professor of sociology at OhioState University, specializing in the sociologyof education and of religion. They have threechildren.Timothy O'Brien, AB'71, finished the coursework for his Psy.D. in clinical psychology at theChicago School of Professional Psychology and isa clinical intern at the Southlake Center for MentalHealth, Merrillville, IN.Leonard A. Zax, AB'71, gave a television interview on the redevelopment of Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC. Zax is a partner of theWashington law firm Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver-&Jacobson.•TO Cause and Effect, a short film written and di-/ £. rectedby Susan Delson, AB'72, was shownat the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC, underthe auspices of the American Film Institute.Delson, who is film programmer for the Metropolitan Museum of Art, lives in New York City withher husband, Jeffrey.Joshua Fogel, AB'72, spent the first part of thisyear doing research in Japan and is now professorof history at the University of California, SantaBarbara.Edward Frank Madinger, AB'72, is programofficer for UNICEF in La Paz, Bolivia.Richard D. Mohr, AB'72, is professor of philosophy at the University of Illinois, Urbana, andis general editor of the book series Between Men—Between Women: Lesbian and Gay Studies from ColumbiaUniversity Press.Amagh Nduka, PhD'72, was appointed vice-chancellor of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.Peggy Sullivan, PhD'72, is consultant to theNew Zealand Library Association Conference.'TO James F. Kisela, MBA73, is executive Vice-/ <J president of the eastern region of ExecutiveAssets Corp., Philadelphia, PA.Ellen Kirschner Popper, AB'73, graduatedfrom architecture school and began her own consulting business, Architalk, providing public relations and marketing communications for thebuilding professions. She writes that her careeris now "on hold" while she raises her children,UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989Emily and Benjamin. She and her husband,Joseph Popper, live with their family in ValleyStream, NY.Robert D. Toon, MD'73, PhD'75, works inLandstuhl, Fed. Rep. of Germany, in orthopedics.TJA T. L. Brink, AM'74, PhD'78, of San Carlos,/ Tc CA, developed a software program, Careers'88 (Solis Software), that assesses an individual'spersonality and matches the subject with a database of careers.Robert S. Heifer, AB'74, AM'82, isautomated-systems administrator of the divisionfor the blind and physically handicapped at TexasState Library, Austin, TX.In Switzerland, Riccardo G. S. Kulczycki,MBA'74, is wondering about the meaning of life.John Robert Laing, PhD'74, won a President'sAchievement Award from the Xerox Corp. for amanufacturing improvement that he developed.Laing is technical specialist/project manager forXerox in Webster, NY.David I. Loewus, SB'74, associate editor ofAngewandte Chemie International Edition, and hiswife, Andrea Kirchner, live near Heidelberg, WestGermany.Bruce L. Rockwood, JD'74, and his wife,Susan, have a second son, Alexander JamesMarshall. Rockwood, who is an associate professor at Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania,Bloomsburg, has a lead article in the 12 Seton HallLegislative Journal #2.Jeffrey D. Salberg, AB'74, was re-elected tothe boards of directors of Keystone MortgageCorp., Indianapolis, IN, and the Rehabilitation Institute of America, Inc., Merrillville, IN.Margery Schneider, AM'74. See 1977, DanielBornstein.James D. Tabor, AM'74, PhD'81, received aPhi Beta Kappa (Alpha chapter) Annual Award forthe Advancement of Scholarship for his work inthe fields of Christian origins and ancient Judaism. Tabor is assistant professor in the Department of Religion at the College of William andMary in Virginia, Williamsburg.r7C Robert M. Bestani, MBA'75, has been ap-/ \J pointed deputy assistant secretary of theU.S. Treasury for International Monetary Affairsin Washington, DC. His duties include responsibility for the International Monetary Fund,international banking, and foreign exchangeoperations.Adrienne A. Rogalski, AB'75, assistant professor in the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, wasnamed a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences,the first faculty member in Illinois to receive thisaward.r7/T Mary Amstutz, AM'76, is children's ser-/ O vices librarian at the South Bend, IN, PublicLibrary.Susan Boyd Kruesi, MBA'76, is vice-presidentof Security Pacific Merchant Bank, Chicago.Jack Le Van, AB'76, MBA'80, and Cathy August Le Van, AB'78, AM'80, live in Barrington, IL,with their son, Alex. Cathy teaches young children and Jack has formed a consulting business.Robert P. Tucker, AM'76, PhD'84, is assistantprofessor of religion and philosophy at FloridaSouthern College, a United Methodist-affiliatedinstitution in Lakeland, FL. He and his wife,Roberta Pospisil Tucker, PhD'88, and theirdaughter, Erin, live in Lakeland.rjrj Daniel Bornstein, AM'77, PhD'85, is/ / spending the 1989-90 academic year inFlorence, Italy, with his wife, Margery Schneider,AM'74, and their daughter, Laura. His researchthere is sponsored by the National Endowment forthe Humanities and Villa I Tatti, the Harvard University Center for Renaissance Studies. Next year,he begins teaching in the history department atTexas A & M University.(Charles) David Hein, AM'77, is associateprofessor and chairman of the Department of Reli gion and Philosophy at Hood College, Frederick,MD.David E. Leary, PhD'77, is dean of the facultyof arts and sciences at the University of Richmond,Richmond, VA.John McCoy, JD'77. See 1984, Nancy HillDowling.Beryl M. Michaels, AM'77, of Chicago, is executive director of the Women's American ORT,Midwest District, which is raising money for apostsecondary technical training institute.David A. Shore, AM'77, of Wilmette, IL, is director of education for the Healthcare FinancialManagement Association and a member of theCommittee on Education of the Chicago Society ofAssociation Executives.I7Q Debra Aronstein Ansen, AB'78, is a/ O strategic planner for Hasler AG in Bern,Switzerland.Pamela A. Bruce, MBA'78, has formed BruceRealty Services, Chicago.William R. Burrows, AM'78, PhD'87, is managing editor of Orbis Books in Maryknoll, NY.Joel Barry Fisher, AB'78, and his wife, LindaTaler Fisher, are the proud parents of a daughter,Abigail Hannah.Jonathan D. Lauer, AM'78, is director of theWillard J. Houghton Library at Houghton College,Houghton, NY.Meredith Stead, AB'78, of New York City, wascertified by the North American Society of Teachers of the Alexander Technique. She is active in theswing dance community.r7Q Jonathan C. Fox, AB'79, PhD'85, MD'87, is/ y in his third year of residency in internalmedicine at Duke University, Durham, NC, wherehe plans to work on the molecular biology of cardiovascular disease. He and his wife, Suzanne,their daughter, Estelle, and their two Labradorretrievers live in Durham.Nancy Lieberman, JD'79. See 1980, CynthiaLeder.Andrew Potterfield, AB'79, and his wife, Susan Alexander, have a daughter, Eloise Hillary,andlive in Cheltenham, England.REUNION 90Q.C\ Mercedes A. Ebbert, AB'80, was awarded aOU University Postdoctoral Fellowship in themolecular genetics department at Ohio State University. She and her husband, Tom Kruglinski,live in Columbus.Deborah J. Johnson, AB'80, received herPh.D. in human development and social policyfrom Northwestern University and is now an assistant professor in the Department of Child andFamily Studies at the University of Wisconsin,Madison.Evan M. Kent, JD'80, and his wife, Karen,have a son, Grayson Michael. Evan is a partner atMcDermott, Will & Emery, practicing patent/trademark law, and Karen is a dentist inNorthbrook, IL.Cynthia Leder, JD'80, back from Brussels afterworking for the Common Market and completinglegal research there, married Jeffrey Glekelm, apartner with the law firm Skadden, Arps, Slate,Meagher & Flom in New York City. Alumni whoparticipated in the ceremony were bridesmaid Anne Rice Pierce, AM'80, and her husband CharlesPierce, MBA'80. Anne is completing her Ph.D. inAmerican foreign policy and Charlie is an associate at Procter & Gamble. They live in Cincinnatiwith their son, Christopher Charles. Also joiningin the celebration were New Yorkers JamesEdelson, JD'80, associated with the law firm Pro-skauer, Rose, Goetz & Mendelsohn, and his wife,Peggy; Nancy Lieberman, JD'79, a partner in thelaw firm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom; RhodaAu; Chih-Chun Tien Au, AM'64; David Au,AB '89; and Shih-Shang Au.Irene Cohen; Benjamin Cohen, AB'60; Rochelle Cohen,AB'89; Gail Cohen; Sylvia O'Neill; and Edward O'Neill.(The late Gertrude Makowsky Cohen was PhB'19.)Tressa Bidelman; Norma Bidelman; Maria Bidelman,AB'87, AM'89; and John Bidelman. (Not shown, AnnaBidelman, AB' 88.)Standing: Vernon Lussky; Allison Seed; Randolph Seed,MD'60, PhD'65; Deborah Seed; Deeda Seed, AM'89;Lindon Seed; Donna Lussky; Jan Bailey; and Glenn Bailey.Kneeling: Jennifer Seed, Vanessa Seed, and Dean Bailey.41Dennis Grygotis, MD'70; Jacqueline Hickey Grygotis,AM'68, AM'89; Jessica Grygotis; and Kara Grygotis.Cathem H. Smith, AB'80; Mary-Sophia Smith,MBA'89; and Susan Smith Lee, AB'84. (Not shown:Matt Lee, MD'86.)Catherine Marie Duenas-Brckovich, AB'88; PedroDuenas, MBA' 68; Peter Joseph Duenas, AB'89; andCatherine Duenas, volunteer for the Oriental Institute.Vangelis Economou, AB'79; Vaso Economou, AB'89;Thanasis Economou, senior research associate at theUniversity; and Louisa Economou, AB'88. (Not shown:Niki Economou Tsakalis, SM'69.) Marc Wolinsky, JD'80, a partner with the law firmWachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz; Barry Skovgaard,JD'80, who is heading up a solo law practice; andJeffrey Bialos, JD'82, associated with Weil, Gots-chal & Manges, Washington, DC, and his wife,Leslie.Christopher Wilson, AB'80, received hisbachelor of architecture degree from the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. He lives in Minneapolis with his wife Milosava Acamovic, AB'81,who is manager of broker relations at IDS Financial Corp.Anne and Daniel Wolf, AB'80, of Santa Monica, CA, have a new son, Benjamin David.Q1 Milosava Acamovic, AB'81. See 1980,O -L Christopher C. Wilson.Edward F. Bachher, MBA'81, is antenna systems marketing manager at Andrew Corporation,Orland Park, IL, where he works with EdwardC. Nield, MBA'81, vice-president of antennasystems.Jennifer Gurahian, AB'81, received a graduate training fellowship from the SSRC and earnedher master's degree in anthropology from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where she in nowa Ph.D. student.Donald Musser, PhD'81, teaches courses inthe Bible, theology, and philosophy in the Department of Religion at Stetson University, Deland,FL, and is the author of numerous book reviews,articles, and published sermons.Gary Raymond, MBA'81, of Riverside, IL, wasappointed to the X3J15 Committee to work on theDatabus programming language.Charles F. Regan, Jr., AB'81, received his J.D.from the Northwestern University School of Lawand now clerks for a U. S. district judge in Chicago ."The Colony, "a 3-D science fiction computergame by David Alan Smith, AB'81, has beenpublished by Mindscape, Inc. David works onsoftware for robotics at Lord Corp., Cary, NC.Wayne Tuan, AB'81, MBA'82, was awarded a1989-90 White House Fellowship. As a Fellow,Tuan is a special assistant in the White Houseand participates in an educational program thatincludes meetings with government officials,scholars, diplomats, journalists, and leaders ofbusiness and industry. Tuan, who does work withcommunity services and CARE, is a vice-president at Goldman, Sachs & Company, NewYork City.Barbara M. Yarnold, AB'81, is a professor inthe Department of Political Science at SaginawValley State College, University Center, MI.Qf) Jeffrey Bialos, JD'82. See 1980, CynthiaOA. Leder.Frank Bozich, SB '82, MBA' 87. See 1984,Nancy Hill Dowling.Donald C. Dowling, Jr., AB'82. See 1984,Nancy Hill Dowling.David Hollowell, AB'82, is a staff member atLos Alamos National Laboratories in New Mexico .Timothy Iida, AB'82. See 1984, Nancy HillDowling.Glen Sheffer, AB'82. See 1983, NicholasPavkovic.Henry Thoman, JD'82. See 1984, Nancy HillDowling.QO Jahanyar Assadi, AB'83. See 1984, Brian\J\J Sullivan.Mark D. Bauer, AB'83, graduated from theEmory University School of Law and now servesas judicial law clerk to the chief immigration judgeof the United States. Bauer, of Alexandria, VA, alsorepresents the University of Chicago Psi Upsilonchapter on Psi U's international alumni advisoryboard.Victoria Farmer Everett, AB'83, aPh.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at theUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, is conducting dissertation research in New Delh'i undera grant from the American Institute of IndianStudies. Kevin Gleason, AM'83, is a research associateat the Bradley Institute for Democracy and PublicValues and teaches in the political science department at Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI.Andrew K. Miller, AB'83, received an M.B.A.from the Fuqua School of Duke University and isan internal consultant for Chemical Bank. He andhis wife, Theresa Luk, live in New York City.Nicholas Pavkovic, AB'83, is editor of Pulp, anew magazine featuring the literary and visualarts in Chicago. Contributors include Glen Sheffer, AB'82, and Niall Lynch, AM'85.Margaret Waterstreet, MBA'83, is a market analyst at Akzo Chemicals, Inc., Chicago.QA Margaret Reinsel Dady, MBA'84, and herOrt husband, Randy, have two sons, Stevenand Tommy, and live in Elmhurst, IL. Marge is aproduct manager at AT&T Network Systems.Nancy Hill Dowling, AB'84, and Donald C.Dowling, Jr., AB'82, were married in Cincinnati.Alumni at the wedding were: bridesmaids MiYoung Park, AB'85, and Amy Crutchfield, AB'84;Donald Dowling, Sr., JD'61; Frank Bozich, SB'82,MBA'87; Timothy Iida, AB'82; Henry Thoman,JD'82; and John McCoy, JD'77. Nancyis an attorney at Procter & Gamble Co., and Donis a labor attorney at Taft, Stettinius, & Hollister.David A. Goodman, AB'84, of Los Angeles, isa staff writer for the television series The GoldenGirls. Coincidentally, he writes, his mother,Brunhilde Metlay Goodman, AM'48, is often mistaken for Bea Arthur.Douglas Halpert, AB'84, and Yee-Wen Chen,AB'87, were married in July and honeymooned inHawaii. Douglas is an attorney at the Buffalo firmCohen Swados and Yee-Wen is a medical studentat the State University of New York, Buffalo. Theylive in Amherst, NY.Catherine (Kate) McNally, AM'84, receivedher M.B.A. from New York University and worksin the fixed-income research department at Weiss,Peck and Greer, New York City.Robert Polansky, AB'84, is senior financialanalyst at General Mills, Minneapolis, MN.Ann Pollack, MBA'84, is a marketing specialistfor AMA/NET, a subsidiary of the American Medical Association in Chicago.VictorM. Rosello, AM'84, graduated from theCommand and General Staff College and now attends the School of Advanced Military Studies inFort Leavenworth, KS.S. Gerald Saliman, AM'84, spent a year on thelaw faculty of Moscow State University and nowworks for the law firm Salans, Hertzfeld,Heilbronn & van Riel in Paris, France.In June, Brian Sullivan, AB'84, and LoriBullock were married in Rutland, VT. Participating in the ceremony were these alumni: JahanyarAssadi, AB'83; Timothy Goodell, AB'85,MBA'89; Mark Bauer, AB'83; Thomas Lee, AB'84,MD'88; and James Walsh, AB'85. Brian practiceslaw with Goldstein, Manello, Burck and Gabeland Lori has an occupational therapy practice.The couple lives in Burlington, VT.REUNION 90Or Debra L. Goetz, AB'85, received her J.D.0\J degree, magna cum laude, from CornellLaw School, Ithaca, NY.Timothy Goodell, AB'85, MBA'89. See 1984,Brian Sullivan.Mindy Greenstein, AB'85, of New York City,is working on her Ph.D. in clinical psychology.Jane Look, AB'85, received her M.D. from theUniversity of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, and has begun her residency in psychiatryat Northwestern University Medical School,Chicago.Niall Lynch, AM'85. See 1983, Nicholas42 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989Pavkovic.Dawn Renee Olson, AM'85, is completing herPh.D. in education at Northern Illinois University,DeKalb. She is clinical director at Horizons: TheCenter for Counseling Services.Mi Young Park, AB'85. See 1984, Nancy HillDowling.Virginia Harding Thompson, AB'85, andDavid M. Thompson, son of Donald G. Thompson, PhB'47, AM'50, live in Wilmette, IL. Virginiais the niece of Murray A. Harding, AB'49; granddaughter of the late M. Glenn Harding, PhB'21;and daughter of Harold R. Harding, AB'50, former executive director of the Alumni Association.James Walsh, AB'85. See 1984, Brian Sullivan.Benjamin Wolf, SB'85, is working as a grip inthe New York City film industry.O f Susan Albert, AM'86, of Bertram, TX, isOD conducting a research project on womenwho elect to leave their careers and turn to different kinds of lives.Jane Serrita Jane, AB'86, attends the MedicalCollege of Virginia, Richmond.Rudolf Mayr, AB'86, is working on his Ph.D.in archaeology of the ancient Near East at Yale University, New Haven, CT.Sarah E. Merz, AB'86, works at Booz, Allenand Hamilton's Chicago office. Kevin M. Murphy, PhD'86, associate professor in the University's Graduate School ofBusiness and faculty research fellow at theNational Bureau of Economic Research, wasawarded a Sloan Research Fellowship by theAlfred P. Sloan Foundation. Murphy is a laboreconomist, studying the economics of firms andemployees, aspects of pay and unemployment,and industrial organization.Jill Saunders Zucker, MBA'86, and her husband, Stewart, live in Boca Raton, FL.Q7 Yee-Wen Chen, AB'87. See 1984, DouglasO/ Halpert.John M. Fuerst, MBA'87, has a daughter andlives in Rochester, NY.Matthew Metz, AB'87, attends the Universityof California, Los Angeles, Law School.(James) Scott Sykora, MBA'87, works in thetechnical computer group of the Hewlett-PackardCompany. He and his wife, Jean M. Grano, live inHinsdale, IL.QQ James Cambias, AB'88, is promotions as-OO sistant at Pelican Publishing Co., Gretna,LA.Sanford Tassel, MBA'88, of Jacksonville, IL, isa financial analyst at Mobil Chemical.Roberta Pospisil Tucker, PhD'88. See 1976,Robert P. Tucker.DEATHSGeorge Wells Beadle, Nobel Prize- winning biologist, president emeritus of the University, andthe William E . Wrather Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of Biology and the College, diedJune 9. See "Chicago Journal, " p. 9.FACULTYWeldon Grant Brown, professor emeritus ofchemistry and a member of the American Chemical Society, died in March at age 81. He joined thefaculty in 1934, retiring in 1972. Brown's researchinterests included halogens and the exchange reactions of aromatic compounds in organic chemistry. His work led to the use of paper chromatography and complex metal hydrides as reducingagents for organic compounds. He also headed theresearch group whose findings eventually endedthe use of mustard gas in World War II.Leon Goldberg, professor in the departmentsof Pharmacological and Physiological Sciencesand Medicine and chairman of the Committee onClinical Pharmacology, died in May at the age ofsixty-two. A clinical pharmacologist, he made numerous discoveries on the effects of medicaldrugs, especially the use of dopamine to treat cardiovascular and kidney diseases. He was a fellowof the American College of Cardiology, a vice-president of the Interamerican Society of ClinicalPharmacology and Therapeutics, and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology.Earl J. Hamilton, professor emeritus of economics, died in May. He was eighty-nine. Hisresearch interests focused on issues of international finance and on the career of John Law, aScottish financier and economist. Hamilton cameto Chicago in 1947, also serving as editor of theJournal of Political Economy, and retired in 1967. Hewas president of the Economic History Association and vice-president of the American EconomicAssociation.Eleanor Conway Mahon, PhD'36, died inMarch at the age of eighty-five. She taught anatomy and histology at the University from 1933 until1940, also serving as housemother of Foster Hall. She returned in 1942 to work on the ManhattanProject's investigation of the effects of atomic radiation on humans.Nancy Makepeace Tanner, AB'53, AM'59,associate professor of anthropology at the University of Southern California, Santa Cruz, died inJune at age 56. She was the author of On BecomingHuman, a reconstruction of early human social behavior that developed a new theory on the role offemale gatherers in evolution. Tanner taught at theUniversity from 1967 to 1969.TRUSTEESJohn B. Poole, X'33, died in April at the age ofseventy-six. A life trustee of the University, he wasthe founder of the Poole Broadcasting Company.Poole was a member of the American JudicatureSociety, the Michigan Bar Association, and a fellow of the American Bar Association.THE CLASSES1910-1919Ethel Callerman Lanestrem, PhB '16, March.Ruth Siefkin Bacon, PhB '18, May.Harriet Stoltenberg Oestmann, PhB'18, March.Edward O. Kemler, X'19, June.Marie Louise Shloss Watters, PhB'19, June.1920-1929Virginia Fairfield, PhB'20, AM'28, January.Joseph J. Jelinek, MD'20, March.Katherine Sisson Jensen, PhB'21, AM'38, June.William H. Kuecker, Jr., PhB'21, March.Violet Isabelle MacDonald Tierney, X'21, March.Dorothy Dow Fitzgerald, X'22, March.Raymond A. Smith, DB'22, PhD'26, March.Albert Eliason, SM'23, March.William H. Griffith, X'23, May.Hazel E. Olson, SM'23, March.Helen Oriserud Palmer, SB'23, February.Walker F. Collins, JD'24, August 1988.Gertrude Epstein Harris, SB'24, August 1988. Thomas Greenlee, AB '53; Patrick Greenlee, SB '89; andJoanne Greenlee.Barbara Toffolo; Paula Toffolo, AB'89; E. Gary Toffolo,AM'61;andCrisToffolo.Lessie Jo Frazier, AB'89; Eugene Somom, SB'61; MarkSomoza, AB '89; Peggy Somom; Margaret Heisel; andJohn Somoza.Sheila Doak; Samuel Doak; Mary Doak, AM'88; PeggyDoak; Kevin Doak, AM'83, PhD'89; Therese VanderVennet Doak, AM'88; Donald Vander Vennet; and CleonL. Vander Vennet. (Not shown: Colleen Doak, student inthe College.)43Mrs. Lawrence Kartun; Karen Kartun, MD'89;Lawrence Kartun, AB'51, MD'55; and Ann Holbrook.Bernard Kailin, MBA'61; Harlean Kailin; Ken Kailin,MBA'89; and Jill Kailin.Arlo Peterson, MBA'63; Teresa Peterson; Jon CurranPeterson, MBA'89; Margaret Roth Peterson; Raphael F.Roth; and Rita Lee Roth.Rowena Abrahams, 1989 graduate of the LaboratorySchools; Gillian Bradlow Abrahams, AM'83; NadineAbrahams, AB'89; Cyril Abrahams, professor in theDepartment of Pathology; Vanessa Abrahams Klugman,AB '85; and Adam Klugman, AB'85. William A. Strozier, AM'24, April.Robert F. Koerber, PhB '25, March.Hilda Gleaves Robertson, AM'25.Peter J. Benda, PhB'26, JD'28, June.Jean I. Brookes, PhB'26, December.Rachel Allyn Mulford Hartman, PhB'26, June.Francis W. Keller, SM'26, July.Robert Thurston, PhB'26, April.Ethlyn Seaton Marlett, PhB'27, October 1988.David Rickles, PhD'28, April.Laurel E. Smith, PhB'28, January.Eugene Staley, PhD'28, January.Bryan J. Carder, Sr., MD'29, June.Max Coral, SM'29, PhD'31, May.Chester C. Schroeder, PhB'29, April.Robert Ross Spence, SB'29, March.1930-1939James Brusegard, CLA'30, June 1988.Walter C. Hart, PhB'30, JD'31, AM'36, Oct. 1988.Dorothy S. McLeod, X'30, August 1988.Elizabeth N. Castle, PhB'31, April.Marcel Golay, PhD'3l, April.Hattie Crawley O'Brien, PhB'31, December.Estelle Tomaschoff Powell, X'31, September 1987.Mildred Proctor, AM'31, July.Adeline Polayes Dvorkin, PhB'32, May.Eva Hance, PhB'32, March.Elijah Wilson Lyon, PhD'32, March.Paul G. Modie, MD'32, January.Annetta Mary Baker Hume, SB'33, Aug. 1988.Anna L. Keaton, PhD'33, July.David M. Levy, PhB'33, February.Richard P. Petrie, MBA'33, February.Rogers P. Churchill, PhD'34, April.Burton H. Doherty, AB'34, March.Jessie Fraley Hanley, PhB'34, February.Brice B. Stephens, AB'34, March.William Zukerman, PhB'34, March 1987.Florence Greenberg Gibbons, SB '35, April.Dennis Gordon, AB'35, MBA'38, February.Phyllis Watson Gronen, SB'35.David J. (Jack) Harris, AB'35, May.George M. Wilcoxon, MD'35, February.Elizabeth Bartlett Wiles, PhB'35, May.Ben D. Blair, SB'36, September.William H. Brady, Jr., X'36, May.Herman Meyer, PhD'36, April 1988.Mary Coullie Bicking, PhB'37, AM'56, March.Winton Elizabeth Gambrell, PhD'37, April.Edgar N. Greenebaum, Jr., X'37, June.Marguerite Bradford Rosenfelder, SB'37, June.Margaret B. Bailey, AM'38, June.JohnT. Crofts, SM'38, April.Anne Rauscher Scholz, AM'38, Sept. 1988. Allan C. Ferguson, AB'39, JD'41, June 1983.Joe Ellis Hickey, X'39, January.Walter L. Kindelsperger, AB'39, AM'40, PhD'58,February.Mary Elizabeth Carpenter McCarthy, SB'39,December 1987.1940-1949Edward T. Groppel, MBA 40, March.Virginia Morrison Reinitz, AM'40, May.Carl Steinhauser, AB'40, AM'53, April 1988.Joseph Mihelic, PhD'41, May.Charles F. Stoughton, AM'42, June.Betsy Kuh Comstock, SB'43, February.H. Gene Slottow, SB'43, March.Aaron Cohen, SB'44, March.Sylvia Slade Donohue, AB'45, December.Edmund J. Kubik, AM '46, May.Jesse H. Turner, MBA'47, April.1950-1959Nicholas W Birkhoff, Jr., AM'51, August 1988.Lewis Elston, AM'51, May.Marguerite L. McNeill, MBA'51, March.Harold Rehfuss, AB'53, September 1984.Vern W. Reeder, MBA'54, September 1988.Jurgen Heink Greif, MBA'56, June.Thomas F. Keough, SB'56, MD'59, November.Robert A. Berwick, MBA'58, June.Alice V. Fitch, AM'58, April.Elwin P. Matthews, AM'58, March.Allan D. Clauser, MBA'59, March.1960-1969Genese Gold Liebowitz, AM'61, April.Nicholas H. Alter, SM'62, January.Richard W. Bean, AM'62, May.Warren L. Knauer, Sr., MBA 66, March.Norman J. Risoya, MBA 66, June 1988.J. Eugene Welden, PhD'66, March.John T. Collins, AM'67, August 1988.Christopher Scarfe, SM'67, July 1988.Lester A. Thompson, MD'67, November.Jackson Flynn, MBA 68, July.Pierre M. Fouss, MBA 69.Frederick Joseph Madura, MBA 69, June.1970-1979Peggy Kilborn Newcomer, AM'70, April.Dwarika Dwarikesh, PhD'71, February.James Perrin Lansing, JD'72, July.Arthur Horwitz, MBA'73, May.1980-1989Karen S. Huebner Vrechek, MBA'81, March.BOOKS by AlumniARTS & LETTERSMichele H. Bogart, AM'75, PhD'79, PublicSculpture and the Civic Ideal in New York City, 1890- 1930(University of Chicago Press). During the "goldenage" of American public sculpture, New YorkCity's cultural, economic, and political interestsjoined to create a body of public art to express anideal of civic harmony. Along with an analysis ofthe period's public art, a map— which guides thereader to major sculptural sites— and many photographs are included.Ivan Brunetti, AB'89, Misery Loves Comedy(Paisano Publishing Co.). This anthology of "Misery Loves Comedy" cartoons originally publishedin the U of C's The Chicago Maroon, is a mainstreamcomic book for the fringes. Its themes include death, pain, and sex.AltheaJ. Horner, SB'52, The Wish for Power andthe Fear of Having It (Jason Aronson) . The author defines healthy "intrinsic power" in terms of identity, mastery, and intentionality, and traces its developmental underpinnings. She also explores thelinks that exist between power and pride, power-lessness and shame, and the pathology ofpower.James B. McMillan, PhD'46, Annotated Bibliography of Southern American English (University of Alabama Press). The only full-length bibliography onthis subject, McMillan's book catalogues the totalrange of scholarly and popular writing on Southern American English, including the works of linguists, anthropologists, sociologists, and popularcommentators.Bruce A. Shuman, AB'63, AM'65, TheLibraryofUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989the Future: Scenarios for the Information Profession (Libraries Unlimited, Inc.). The author discusses thesocietal and economic trends that have broughtthe public library to the crossroads that it facestoday and describes his vision of the future'slibraries.John Waddell, X'49, The Beauty of IndividualDifferences (Master Apprentice Programs). Theauthor, a sculptor himself, describes the WaddellSculpture Fellowship, a resident figurative-sculpture apprenticeship in an isolated environment. Former apprentices also provide commentson their experiences.Allen Woll, AB'69, Black Musical Theatre: From"Coontown" to "Dreamgirls" (Louisiana State University Press).James Zigerell, PhD'62, John Oldham (TwaynePublishers). This is an introduction to the work ofa 17th-century English political and religioussatirist.BIOGRAPHYSebastian de Grazia, AB'44, PhD'48, Ma-chiavelli in Hell (Princeton University Press). In thisintellectual biography, the author offers an exploration of how Machiavelli handled the problem ofjustifying the necessarily cruel actions of his"prince new" to a public motivated by the fear ofGod's judgment. Drawing on all of Machiavelli'swritings, the author shows how Machiavellisolved this problem through the creation of a newstatecraft, a new moral reasoning, and a redimen-sioning of heaven and hell .Justifying the dark side of statecraftDena J. Polacheck Epstein, AB'37, editor;Hilda Satt Polacheck, author, ICame A Stranger: TheStory of a Hull-House Girl (University of IllinoisPress). Polacheck's autobiography recounts herlife as an immigrant, writer, and activist, centeringaround her participation in Chicago's Hull-Houseand on living conditions of the early 20th centurythat members of the settlement house fought tochange. Polacheck attended the University in 1904as an unclassified student on a scholarship arranged through Hull-House. (This fall, Hull-House celebrates its centennial.)Joshua Fogel, AB'72, Nakae Ushikichi in China:The Mourning of Spirit (Harvard University Press) .David Mayers, AM'76, PhD'79, George Kennanand the Dilemma ofU. S. Foreign Policy (Oxford University Press). Drawing on research from a variety ofarchival collections, this intellectual biography ofGeorge Kennan provides a comprehensive pictureof his contribution to and critical views about American foreign policy, especially concerningthe Soviet Union.BUSINESS & ECONOMICSRobert W. Czeschin, AB'74, The Complete Reportof Banking Safety & Privacy (Agora, Inc.). Bankinghistory from ancient times onward, a listing ofmore than 2,500 of the nation's strongest andweakest deposit-taking institutions, and explanations of historic monetary disasters help lay investors and banking consumers to safeguard theirsavings at a time when banks are failing in recordnumbers.Douglas J. Kissel, AB'71, Maryland Land TitleInsurance Practice, Volumes 1, 2, and 3 (Land TitleInstitute of Maryland). The first of a nationwideseries, this volume is part of a classroom and correspondence course for people involved in realestate and insurance.J. Paul Mark, MBA'83, The Empire Builders: Power, Money and Ethics Inside the Harvard Business School(William Morrow & Co., Inc.). Mark, a formermember of the HBS staff, argues that the BusinessSchool's case-method system of teaching hasspawned a self-perpetuating cycle of lucrativeconsulting contracts, interconnected directorships, and multimillion-dollar endowments forthe school.Ann O. Krueger, Constantine Michalopoulos,and Vernon W. Ruttan, AM'50, PhD'52, AidandDe-velopment (Johns Hopkins University Press). Ateam of leading scholars examines the efforts of official aid agencies to the third world, reaffirmingthe principle that the essence of development liesin sustainable economic growth.Nancy L. Stokey and Robert E. Lucas, Jr.,AB'59, PhD'64, with Edward C. Prescott, RecursiveMethods in Economic Dynamics (Harvard UniversityPress). The authors develop the basic methods ofrecursive analysis and outline the areas where itcan be applied, providing a rigorous treatment ofmodern economic dynamics.Leonard A. Rapping, AM'59, PhD'61, International Economic Reorganization and American EconomicPolicy (New York University Press) . Various essaysaddress the causes of and policy responses toglobal inflation, the productivity slowdown, highinterest rates, and large budget and trade deficits.JohnG. Roberts, SB'36, Mitsui: Three Centuriesof Japanese Business, revised edition (JohnWeatherhill, Inc.).Norman B. Sigband, AB'40, AM'41, PhD'54,and Arthur H. Bell, Communication for Managementand Business (Scott, Foresman). The fifth edition ofthis textbook and reference for business communication is revised to include the latest developments in intercultural communication, copingwith the media, and new communication technology. Also, with David N. Bateman, Communicatingin Business (Scott, Foresman). The third edition ofthis textbook offers a complete picture of businesscommunication, with an increased emphasis onthe student's writing process.A. David Silver, AB'62, MBA' 63, Your First Bookof Wealth: The Beginner's Guide to Collecting, Investingand Starting Your Own Business (The Career Press).This is a guide for adolescent entrepreneurs.Peter S. Spiro, AM'78,' Rori Interest Rates and Investment and Borrowing Strategy (Quorum Books,Greenwood Press). Survey findings in academicliterature and new econometric research are usedto explain the effects of varying economic circumstances on the level and volatility of real interestrates.CRITICISMEugene Garver, AB'65, PhD'73, Machiavelli andthe History of Prudence (University of WisconsinPress) . This book shows how Machiavelli's uses ofrhetoric in The Prince and Discourses on Livy organized a new form of politics. It argues that Ma- Nancy Braun Tuan, MBA85, and James S. Tuan, MBA'89.Elaine Crovitz; Sara Crovitz, AB'89; Deborah CrovitzManus, AB'84; and L. Gordon Crovitz, AB'80.FrankA. Salvino, 1945 graduate of the LaboratorySchools, PhB'46, MBA'52; Martin A. Salvino, AB'89;and Marie Salvino.Valerie Lyon, student in the College; John Lyon, studentin the College; Alice Thayer Lyon, AB'83, MD '8 7;EdwardLyon, PhB'49, SB'50, MD'53, professorin theDepartment of Surgery; PaulLyon, AB'85, MD'89;Sally Lyon; Valerie Lyon; Susan Lyon, AB '76; and MarkLyon, student in the Laboratory Schools.45Edward Handlin, MBA'63, and Elizabeth Handlin, AB'89.Kimberly Drewry, AB '89; Tanya Drewry, student in theLaboratory Schools; and George Drewry, MBA'89.Colin Stacey; Carol Horning Stacey, AB '54, AM'57;Liam Stacey, AB'89; and Martin Stacey.Philip Hoffmann, professor in the Department ofPharmacological and Physiological Sciences and theCollege; Alexander Slotwiner; Daniel M. Slotwiner;Bente Rasmussen Slotwiner, AB'60; Peter K. Slotwiner,AB'89; Paul Slotwiner, AB'55, SB'56, MD'59; RoseSlotwiner; Karen Rasmussen; and David J. Slotwiner,AB '88, student in the Pritzker School of Medicine. chiavelli's achievement represents a turning-pointin the history of the uses of reason in action.Walter (B.J.) Jost, AM'74, AM'79, PhD'85,Rhetorical Thought in John Henry Newman (SouthCarolina). This is the first study to identify and explain Newman's principles and methods of inquiry, argument, interpretation and judgment asrhetorical.John N. King, AM'66, PhD'73, Tudor RoyalIconography (Princeton University Press). A surveyof the evolution of royal iconography in the Tudordynasty, emphasizing the importance of scriptural imagery in portraiture, illustrations, and literature, helps to assess how the Reformation transformed regal style.James Phelan, AM'73, PhD'77, Reading People,Reading Plots: Character, Progression, and the Interpretation of Narrative (University of Chicago Press) . Practical and theoretical criticism are combined in detailed readings of novels, illustrating a new set ofprinciples for analyzing narrative as rhetoric.Also, as editor, ReadingNarrative: Form, Ethics, Ideology (Ohio State University Press). Seventeen critical essays address such questions as the nature ofthe narrative text, the ethics of reading, and theideology of narrative forms and techniques. Contributors include: Wayne C. Booth, AM'47,PhD'50; Gerald Graff, AB'59; and Peter J.Rabinowitz, AB'65, AM'67, PhD'72.Paul Rabinow, AB'65, AM'67, PhD'70, FrenchModern: Norms and Forms of the Social Environment(Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press).Rabinow analyzes how one dimension of modernity, social and spatial planning, was forged in the"laboratories" of colonies and socialist municipalities between 1832 and 1940.James S. Whitlark, PhD'76, Illuminated Fantasy:From Blake's Visions to Recent Graphic Fiction (Associated University Presses and Fairleigh DickinsonUniversity Press). The author uses the perspectives of psychology and comparative religionsto clarify paradoxical picture/text relations infantasy.Preschool inThree CulturesJapan, China, and the United StatesJwoph J. Tobin, David V. H. Wu. Dins It. D»vidsonMinimizing the effects of cultural changeEDUCATIONArnold K. King, AM'27, PhD'51, The Multi-campus University of North Carolina Comes of Age,1956-1986 (University of North Carolina Press).Raymond R. Ryder, PhD'43, coauthor, TeacherEducation at Purdue University: The First Sixty Years(1908-1968) (Purdue University). This history isdedicated to Ryder, of West Lafayette, IN, and oneof his colleagues. Evelyn Harris Ginsburg, AM'49, School SocialWork: A Practitioner's Guidebook— A Community-Integrated Approach to Practice (Charles C. Thomas).Through problem solving, family therapy, andcommunity organization, social casework canhelp children in their most important systems—their families, the public school, and the community. This book, with a foreword by Elsie Pinkston,professor at the University's School of Social Service Administration, is aimed at those who workon the behalf of children in systems designed forthe convenience of others.Diana T. Slaughter, AB'62, AM'64, PhD'68,and Deborah J. Johnson, AB'80, editors, Visib/eNow: Blacks in Private Schools (Greenwood Press).The authors of these essays analyze all aspects ofthe educational experiences of black children inprivate and parochial schools, exploring the implications for educational policy and futureresearch.Joseph J. Tobin, PhD'83, David Y. H. Wu, andDanaH. Davidson, PreschoolinThreeCultures: Japan,China, and the United States (Yale University Press).By comparing the philosophies and practices ofJapanese, Chinese, and American preschool educations, the authors show how changes in childcare both reflect and affect larger social changes.FICTION & POETRYThomas Glynn, AB'58, Watching the Body Burn(Knopf).Mario Andino Lopez, AM'67, Oratorio paraherejes (Rutgers University Press). Written inSpanish, this novel builds its action around themoral and religious crisis in Latin America .Michael A. Sells, AM'77, PhD'82, Desert Tracings: Six Classic Arabian Odes (Wesleyan UniversityPress). Translations of six Arabic poems are explicated by individual critical commentaries and ageneral introduction to the Arabic ode or Qasida.HISTORY & CURRENT AFFAIRSMin-sunChen, AM'57, PhD'71, coeditor, EastAsia Insight: Selected Papers from the Canadian Asian Studies Association Annual Conferences, 1985-1987 (Canadian Asian Studies Association). Chen contributed the article, "He Long (Ho Lung) and theJin-Sui Anti-Japanese Base Area, 1937-1945."Cho-yun Hsu, PhD'62, and Katheryn M. Lin-duff, Western Chou Civilization (Yale UniversityPress) . In the light of an expanding body of archaeological data, the authors use literary materials todescribe and interpret the ideological, institutional, cultural, and aesthetic content of China's Western Chou period, which lasted from 1122 to about256B.C.E.Murray H. Leiffer, AM'28, and Dorothy Leif-fer, Enter the Old Portals (Bureau of Social and Religious Research). This is a social history of Garrett,the graduate school of religion at NorthwesternUniversity, spanning the years of the Depression,World War II, and beyond.Sally M. Miller, AM'63, The Ethnic Press in theU.S. (Greenwood Press). Over two dozen immigrant groups are examined in terms of theirmedia.Anne Z. Moore, AM'29, 7 Remember Japan (Mand M Printing Co.). The author recounts her stayin Japan as a teacher in a school for the dependentsof military personnel.Augustus Richard Norton, PhD'84, senior editor, The International Relations of the PLO (SouthernIllinois University Press). Jerrold D. Green,AM'77, PhD'81, wrote the introduction.David Price, SM'67, PhD'71, Before the Bulldozer: The Nambiquara Indians and the World Bank (SevenLocks Press) . The author, former consultant to theWorld Bank, chronicles his advocacy of BrazilianIndians threatened by a large-scale developmentproject.John Rensenbrink, PhD'56, Poland Challenges a46 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/FALL 1989Divided World (Louisiana State University Press).E. B. Smith, AM'47, PhD'49, The Presidencies ofZachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore (University Pressof Kansas).Bozidar Yovovich, AB'71, SM'74, Chicago: TheNext Frontier (Windsor Publications). A review ofthe city's economic history leads into a vision ofChicago in a process of re-invention, with a brilliant future as a post-industrial city. Through photographs and an informative text, all aspects of lifein Chicago— including the University— are captured in Yovovich's exploration of the city's pastand future.7s the Second City becoming a second city?MEDICINE & HEALTHJanine Jason, SB'71, with Antonia van derMeer, Parenting Your Premature Baby (Henry Holt andCompany) . A pediatrician and mother offers practical advice to the parents of premature infants, explaining how parents can participate in theirchild's care and development from the newborn'stime in the intensive care unit through infancy andadulthood.A. E. Johnson, AM'57, contributor, Innovationsin Health Care Practice (National Association of Social Workers).Fredrick J. Stare, MD'41, with R. E. Olson andElizabeth M. Whelan, Balanced Nutrition Beyond theCholesterol Scare (Bob Adams, Publishers). Provocative comments clarify the current cholesterol"hype" and the safety of our foods.POLITICAL SCIENCE & LAWL. Gordon Crovitz, AB'80, and Jeremy A.Rabkin, The Fettered Presidency: Legal Constraints on theExecutive Branch (American Enterprise Institute forPublic Policy Research). A series of essays explores how congressional micromanagement hasundermined the presidency and the functioningof the federal government. Contributors includeCaspar Weinberger, William French Smith, JeaneJ. Kirkpatrick, and Elliot Abrams, with a forewordby Robert H. Bork, AB'48, JD'53.Elliot J. Feldman, AB'69, and Michael A.Goldberg, authors and editors, Land Rites andWrongs: The Management, Regulation, and UseofLand inCanada and the United States (Lincoln Institute ofLand Policy). The findings of a bi-national, interdisciplinary team project of the University Consortium for Research on North America at HarvardUniversity.Mary Ann Glendon, AB'59, JD'61, MCL'63,The Transformation of Family Law (University of Chicago Press).Paul Gootenberg, AB'78, PhD'75, Between Sil ver and Guano: Commercial Policy and the State in Post-independence Peru (Princeton University Press).Concentrating on dependency theory— which explains the region's underdevelopment throughthe trade liberalization of the 19th century and theway that Latin America was integrated into theworld economy— the author analyzes the creationof Peru's free-trade regime.David Luban, AB'70, Lawyers and Justice: AnEthical Study (Princeton University Press). The author argues that lawyers must assume moral responsibility for the means used and ends pursuedon behalf of clients; he also explores ethical issuesin public interest law.Gary L. McDowell, AM'78, Curbing the Courts:The Constitution and the Limits of Judicial Power (Louisiana State University Press).Karen Orren, AM'65, PhD'72, and StephenSkowronek, editors, Studies in American Political Development Volume 3 (Yale University Press) .David A. Traeger, MBA'75, The Attorney (Wardand Crissie A. Cross Puzzle Series). Twelve crossword puzzles contain words and phrases that willchallenge and entertain attorneys, paralegals, oranyone interested in the law or language. Theauthor provides solutions as well as word listsand comprehensive explanations.RELIGION & PHILOSOPHYSeth Benardete, AB'49, AM '53, PhD'55, Socrates' Second Sailing: On Plato's Republic (University ofChicago Press). The "second sailing," which the, author terms the essence of Socratic philosophy,consists of admitting the futility of the search forfinal causes and abandoning teleology in favor of"eidetic analysis." The author argues that the Republic is itself an eidetic analysis of the beautiful,the good, and the just.H. Byron Earhart, AM'60, DB'60, PhD'65,Gedatsu-Kai and Religion in Contemporary Japan: Returning to the Center (Indiana University Press). Inproviding a comprehensive description of Ged-atsu-kai and its place in the religious world of contemporary Japan, the author traces its origins anddevelopment.Gordon E. Jackson, PhD'54, Pathways to Faith(Abingdon Press). Over 200 interviews with professors, pastors, and laypersons provide insightsfrom the points of view of several denominations.June McDaniel, PhD'86, The Madness of theSaints: Ecstatic Religion in Bengal (University ofChicago Press). Bengali religious practices areused to explore indigenous understandings of divine madness, as well as the discrepancy betweenthe expectations of Bengali religious tradition andthe actual experiences of worshipers.Stanley Rosen, AB'49, PhD'55, The Ancientsand the Moderns: Rethinking Modernity (Yale University Press). Comparing ancient and modern thinkers, the author argues that modern philosophersmust preserve the balance between the seriousness of conceptual analysis and the ancient, playful view of philosophy as a divine activity.Stephen C. Rowe, ThM'69, AM'70, PhD'74,Leaving and Returning: On America's Contribution to aWorld Ethic (Bucknell University Press). An ethicaland religious perspective helps to interpret thechanges in American culture over the past threedecades, especially in terms of the ethics of anemerging global civilization.Ronald Suter, AB'53, Interpreting Wittgenstein: ACloud of Philosophy, a Drop of Grammar (Temple University Press). The author focuses on Wittgenstein's mature conception of philosophy in anapplication of the philosopher's methods to traditional and contemporary debates, addressing awide range of problems.Michael V. Wedin, AM'67, PhD'71, Mind andImagination in Aristotle (Yale University Press). Asystematic treatment of Aristotle's psychologicaltheory concentrates on the philosopher's ideas onthe mind and the imagination. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYRobert F. Petrie, MBA 69, Fast Access/Excel (Simon and Schuster). Through an original innovation—using the printed page as a blackboard onwhich annotations are made— beginners learnhow to create spreadsheets on a microcomputerwith a graphical user interface.SOCIAL & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCECharles L. Briggs, AM'78, PhD'81, Competencein Performance: The Creativity of Tradition in MexicanoVerbal Art (University of Pennsylvania Press). Focusing on rural Hispanic communities in northernNew Mexico, the author constructs a stylisticframework for discerning the complexities of thejuxtaposition of textual traditions with tales ofunique human encounters. He argues that the differing ways in which each performance, performer, and genre relate text and context underlie thepower and creativity of verbal art.James Clayson, MBA'63, Visual Modeling withLogo: A Structured Approach to Seeing (MassachusettsInstitute of Technology Press). Computer modelsof small segments of our visual world can stimulate a fuller understanding of the ways in which westructure our seeing. The author explains a varietyof visual models and provides many exercises.Gerald Handel, AB'47, AM'51, PhD'62, editor, Childhood Socialization (Aldine de Gruyter).Mary Riege Laner, AB'66, Dating: Delights, Discontents and Dilemmas (Sheffield Publishing Co . ) .Jeffrey Quilter, AB'72, Life and Death at Paloma:Society and Mortuary Practices in a Preceramic PeruvianVillage (University of Iowa Press). Archaeologicaldata from human burials dating from 5000 to 2500B.C.E. are used to infer social organization andother aspects of life in this society.Herbert A. Simon, AB'36, PhD'43, Models ofThought, Volume 2 (Yale University Press). The lastten years have seen an information-processingrevolution in cognitive psychology, the developments of which Simon discusses in this book. Included papers focus on the performance of complex tasks and the architecture of the system thatperforms them.Diana T. Slaughter, AB'62, AM'64, PhD'68,editor, Black Children and Poverty: A DevelopmentalPerspective (Jossey-Bass).WOMEN'S STUDIESSue Davidson, AM'49, and Ginny NiCarthy,You Can Be Free: An Easy-To-Read Handbook for AbusedWomen (The Seal Press). In an accessible style forwomen with basic reading skills, the authors focuson the abused woman and how she can help herself and find help from others.Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz and Irena Klepf isz,AM'64, PhD'70, editors, The Tribe ofDina: A JewishWomen's Anthology (Beacon Press) . A collection ofessays, stories, memoirs, poems, and interviewsaffirm the depth of women's participation in theculture and history of Judaism and their feministstruggle within the Jewish community.Pamela Mittlefehldt, MAT'70, and Riv-EllenPrell, AM'73, PhD'78, contributors, InterpretingWomen's Lives: Feminist Theory and Personal Narratives(Indiana University Press) . Spanning three centuries and three continents, this multidisciplinaryand multicultural examination of women's oraland written documents provides insights into theways that women's voices can inform scholarly research, expanding the understanding of both theshared experience of gender and the differencesamong women.For inclusion in "Books by Alumni," pleasesend the name of the book, its author, its publisher, and a short synopsis to the Books Editor,The University of Chicago Magazine, 5757Woodlawn Ave., Chicago, IL 60637.FIRST THINGS LASTThe Building that Was the UniversityEarly on the morning of November Chicago Opera House, the Chicago across the plank that night, but it was25, 1891— without benefit of cere- Athletic Club, and the Newberry September 10th before a telephonemonies or speeches— groundbreaking Library. was installed. In the interim, Universi-for the University of Chicago's first The builders had a deadline: Presi- ty officials walked to a drugstore onbuilding began. The soil was sandy dent Harper insisted that he would 55th Street to place their calls.and wet . move into his Cobb Hall office on Sep- On the night of September 30, 30The new "Recitation Building" was tember 1, 1892. On the afternoon of laborers were divided into three teamsquickly renamed Cobb Hall. Silas B. August 31, the floor had been laid and —one led by President Harper. ByCobb was a harness-maker from Ver- the windows were in place— but there lantern light, the men unpacked andmont who became one of Chicago's were no doors or stairways. Entrance arranged each room's quota of desks,first self-made capitalists. The was via a 20-foot-long plank that stret- chairs, and tables. At eight o'clock the$150,000 he contributed covered 75 , ched over a "yawning abyss." Desks next morning, the laborers were dis-percent of the building's cost. and chairs were carefully carried missed. Harper and his aides de campGIFTS OF REMEMBRANCEFROM ¥Iou may well remember many extraordinary teachers fromyour days at the University of Chicago. Now you can encounter three of themanew through memoir, essays, and a whimsical birthday book.Norman MacleanA River Runs Through ItNow in a new editionillustrated with wood engravingsby BARRY MOSER"[This story] officially takes its stand as the American classicthat it was affectionately recognized as from the first. . . . Thereare passages here of physical rapture in the presence of unsulliedprimitive America that are as beautiful as anything in Thoreauand Hemingway." — Alfred Kazin, Chicago Tribune $24.95Wayne C. BoothThe Vocation of a TeacherRhetorical Occasions 1967-1989"Those who share the vocation of a teacher, no matter the level,will find countless treasures in these essays, but there is in themone quality that makes them useful to men and women in allwalks of life. In a very direct way, they show a mind at work.Not a mind by itself, but a mind driven by a heart. There is passionin what Booth writes." — Myron A. Marty, St. Louis Post-DispatchBook Review $24.95George J. Stiglerand Claire FriedlandChronicles of EconomicsBirthday BookA perpetual monthly calendar for recordingbirthdays and other annual events. The birthdaysof 267 eminent economists are noted, and GeorgeStigler, in his inimitable style, offers sketches ofeleven major theories in the history ofeconomics.Paper, spiral-bound $10.95 . Copies of A RIVER RUNS THROUGH IT-50060-8 $24.95. Copies of THE VOCATION OF A TEACHER-06581-2 $24.95. Copies of CHRONICLES OF ECONOMICSBIRTHDAY BOOK -77423-6 $10.95. Total order. Sales tax (IL addresses, 7%;Chicago addresses, 8%). Shipping & handling (Add $1.75 forfirst book; $.50 for each additional book)TOTAL PAYMENT. Check or money order enclosed. Charge my ? Visa or ? MasterCardCredit Card #Exp. date Signature . Phone no.(Please print)Name AddressCltylState/ZtpMAIL TO: Dept. CE/University of Chicago Press5801 South Ellis AvenueChicago, IL 60637FAX 312/702-9756[Coupon need not accompany order]University of Chicago Press5801 South Ellis AvenueChicago, IL 60637WSkUNDER WRAPSBy the time the first snows hit Chicago, city workers will onceagain have covered "Fountain of Time," the Lorado Taft sculptureat the west end of the Midway. Sheathed against the winterelements, the sexagenarian sculpture (made of crushed quartzchips) still faces another, year-round enemy: auto emissions.;:s mmlF:;^|FfMP i".':..*»-:Jr'!THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERobie House, 5757 S. WoodlawnChicago, IL 60637ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED AGO Xr- /ENUE