'he University otHICAGOvlagazine/ Summer 1988km' m j¦»>*•''^r ' \P 1 -«'f** fcr-'f *2**%!maiJ5Ai TtiA '•• i* i^'J.[ « • -3 < * : ** « il>J %I i*-#A:^VE JfcrV 1 L j. MJUM aft ^^F^Vrv4L«l9 -^^r <^1 mf^^ Wm ^wH ¦ VVW Jv^V* ¦ /a^^TSM / ^M¦ fill 1 HL AJ ¦pi 1* 1 H^r [fliChicago '68 • Israel's DilemmaLETTERSMORE OF THETURABIAN LEGENDEditor:In the late spring of 1947, several members of an extraordinarily well-knit group ofstudents in history were pointing towardour A.M. comprehensives, and some of usunder double pressure to meet our dissertation deadlines for the degree. This meantmeeting and surmounting the challenge ofreview by Dissertations Secretary Kate L.Turabian.To one of my friends thus pressed fortime— a man who subsequently distinguished himself as both a writer and teacherof history at various universities— I offeredvia personal connection the typing servicesof a young lady registered with Turabian.When she suddenly bowed out (for illness oroverbooking), my distracted friend leapedto his own typewriter and by hunt and peck(at which he was highly proficient) knockedthe dissertation out himself in one continuous session and handed it in.Later I learned (indirectly, for he hadstopped speaking to me) that his arduous effort had gone for naught. Never having beeninstructed in proper typing technique, hehad throughout his masterpiece ended sentences with but a single space after theperiod rather than the elementary requisiteof two.The matter ended happily, however. Theaugust arbiter of his fortunes somehow appointed him a proper typist, who produceda properly prepared ms.; like the great andfundamentally good-hearted lady she was,"our Katy" must have tempered justice wellwith mercy —Philip J. Wolfson, PhD'51Bethesda, MDEditor:Stuart Grout's letter called to mind myown memories of Kate Turabian. In thespring of 1950 I presented the completedtypescript of my A.M. thesis, and Mrs. Turabian herself inspected the pages as I stoodby. She examined it quickly, flicking out theoffending pages. Only after I had explainedmy consistency of style, did she relent andaccept those pages. Like some other students I felt the better word for her was notawe but terror as she enforced those Chicagostandards of style.A decade later when I was a reference librarian at Stanford University, I again metKate Turabian. Living in retirement in California, she came to our library to do work ona revision of one of her guides. What a de light she was as we worked together, andhow pleased the other librarians were tomeet this legendary figure and know thatshe really existed.Richard D. Johnson, AM'50, AM'57Onetona, NYTO AVOID PAPERWORK,'BURGERS, AND THE CCCEditor:I would like to offer a few more comments relating to Professor Wilson's "Hidden Agenda" [FALL/87].In the U.S.A. today the word "socialism" continues to have a more repugnantconnotation than in Western Europe. Related if not synonymous, words like "subsidies" and "entitlements" seem to be moregenerally acceptable. Judicious use of subsidies and entitlements can go a long way incurbing civil strife and preventing more socialism from creeping into the country dur-EDITOR'SNOTESIt is with sadness that we report thedeath of a beloved friend and colleague.Ruth Halloran, former associate directorof alumni relations, died of a heart attackon May 5.Not only to us at Robie House, butalso to literally hundreds of alumniaround the world, Ruth Halloran was avery special person. Blessed with awarm, outgoing personality, Ruth wasespecially suited to her role as associatealumni director. Over the more than forty years during which Ruth worked forAlumni Relations, alumni learned thatRuth's door was always open in welcomeand that no matter how busy she was, shewas always available in person or byphone to listen sympathetically, and tooffer help. It was Ruth whom alumnicalled, to keep in touch with their university. She was especially gracious to oldervisitors and she took special joy in thevery young.Over the years, countless alumnibrought their children to meet Ruth because they knew how she delighted intheir visits.Ruth was the person many of us turned to for help. If we needed informationabout something, or needed somethingto be done, we could always call on Ruth,and she would obtain the information for ing hard times.It may surprise some to know that during the last depression and earlier somecompanies subsidized their lower pay scale(twenty- five to forty cents per hour) laborersby providing low-rent housing near theirfactories, sometimes free coal, and otherbenefits. Our family lived in a companyhouse for awhile in a poor neighborhood ofdifferent ethnic minorities includingblacks When steel mills reduced workschedules to only several days per monthand banks closed their doors, getting foodbecame a serious problem. We were lucky tohave free use of nearby land to raise crops.We were thus fully employed, had enoughfood, and could keep going this way untilthe work situation in the steel millsimproved.Our big problem today is to get welfarerecipients off of welfare and on full employment producing something. One way is towork things out so that local small factoriesContinued on page 47us, or figure out how to get the "something" done. One of the extraordinarythings about Ruth was that she derivedgreat pleasure from doing special thingsfor people.Ruth had an infinite capacity for hardwork. No matter what was asked of her,no matter how short the notice, she turned the work out on time, and always withgreat professionalism. At Robie House,and for years before that at 5733 SouthUniversity Avenue, it was always Ruthwho opened the house at 7:00 a.m., andmade the first pot of coffee. And if therewas work into the evening, and the staffhad to do the cleaning up after a meeting,it was always Ruth who stayed until thelast cup and saucer had been wiped andput away.We, at Robie House, were especiallyblessed. Ruth always let us know shethought of us, on our birthdays, or whenwe had joy or sorrow in our lives. Sheloved to travel, and never failed to writeus, and to bring us gifts. When we read inthe newspaper that Ruth had left behind164 relatives, and then recalled how Ruthalways rememberd us as well as them, wemarvelled at such generosity of spirit.We will miss, terribly, being able toturn to Ruth for comfort, for counsel, fora laugh. How we will miss that warm,throaty greeting when we called: "Hellodarlin', how are you?"From Emily Dickinson's words, let ustake consolation:"This world is not conclusion;a sequel stands beyond."EditorFelicia Antonelli Holton, AB'50Staff WriterMark Ray Hollmann, AB'85DesignerTom GreensfelderThe University of Chicago Office ofAlumni RelationsRobie House5757 South Woodlawn AvenueChicago, IL 60637Telephone: (312) 753-2175President, The University of ChicagoAlumni AssociationEdward L. Anderson, PhB'46, SM'49National Program DirectorRoberta SherwoodChicago Area Program DirectorCrista Cabe, AM'83Director, Alumni Schools CommitteeJ. Robert Ball, X'70The University of ChicagoAlumni Executive CouncilEdward L. Anderson, PhB'46, SM'49Herbert B. Fried, JD'32Mary Lou Gorno, MBA'76William B. Graham, SB'32, JD'36William Hammett, AM'71Danette G. Kauffman, AM'69Kenneth C. Levin, AB'68, MBA'74John David Lyon, AB'55William C. Naumann, MBA'75Daniel B.Ritter, AB '57Edward W. Rosenheim, AB'39, AM'46, PhD'53Jerry G. Seidel, MD'54Thomas H. Sheehan, MBA' 63Judy Ullmann Siggins, AB'66, AM'68, PhD'76Dirk van Ausdall, AB'80Susan Loth Wolkerstorfer, AB'72Faculty/Alumni Advisory Committeeto The University of Chicago MagazineEdward W Rosenheim, AB'39AM'46, PhD'53, ChairmanDavid B. and Clara E. SternProfessor, Department of Englishand the CollegeAbe Blinder, PhB'31Philip C. Hoffmann, SB'57, PhD'62Professor, Department ofPharmacological and PhysiologicalSciences and the College;Master, the Biological SciencesCollegiate DivisionMarjorie Lange Lucchetti, AM'70, PhD'74John MacAloon, AM'74, PhD'80Associate Professor,Social Sciences Collegiate DivisionLinda Thoren Neal, AB'64, JD'67Katherine Schipper, MBA'73, AM'75, PhD'77Professor, Graduate School of BusinessSherlu Rardin Walpole, AB'45The University of Chicago Magazine(ISSN-0041-9508) is published quarterly(fall, winter, spring, summer) by theUniversity of Chicago in cooperationwith the Alumni Association, RobieHouse, 5757 South Woodlawn Avenue,Chicago, IL 60637. Publishedcontinuously since 1907. Second-classpostage paid at Chicago, IL, and atadditional entry offices.POSTMASTER: Send address changesto Alumni Records, Robie House, 5757South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL60637. Copyright ©1988 by theUniversity of Chicago.Editorial office: The University of ChicagoMagazine, Robie House, 5757 SouthWoodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637.Telephone (312) 753-2323. The Magazineis sent to all University of Chicagoalumni.Typesetting by Skripps & Associates,Chicago. The University ofCHICAGOMagazine /Summer 1988Volume 80, Number 4Page 6Page 18Caver: (Insert) August 28, 1968: Generalview of embattled Michigan Avenue asthousands of anti-war demonstrators areconfronted by police line (bottom), which isbacked by National Guardsmen. View islooking north, with Lake Michigan to right.(UPI Telephoto) IN THIS ISSUEChicago '68By David FarberTwenty years ago, as Democrats met tochoose a presidential candidate, ten thousand anti-war demonstrators fought policein the streets of Chicago.Page 6Israel's DilemmaBy Alan GewirthShould Israel give West Bank Arabs fullcitizenship, with all attendant rights? Theauthor presents the case as argued by"doves" and "hawks" within Israel.Page 12Decisions, Decisions, DecisionsBy Robin HogarthShould you invest in mutual funds? Getmarried? Divorced? Find a new house? TheCenter for Decision Research studies howpeople make decisions.Page 18DEPARTMENTSUC PeopleChicago JournalClass NewsDeathsBooks 224344445UCPEOPLEA Pulitzerfor "TerribleTuesday"Although good reporters must develop reliable sources of information,the biggest stories they break are sometimes simply a matter of instinct— whatthe old timers call "a nose for news."Such was the case when Daniel R.Hertzberg, AB'68, and James B.Stewart, writing for The Wall Street Journal, published a story which revealedthat it was in fact the day after the October 19 stock market crash that the nation's financial system faced its worstcrisis in fifty years as the New YorkStock Exchange came perilously closeto shutting down.For that story, and a piece theywrote on a powerful Wall Street investment banker charged with insider trading, Hertzberg and Stewart wereawarded the Pulitzer Prize for excellence in explanatory journalism thispast April."I'm not really sure why," saidHertzberg, "but from the very beginning Jim and I knew that the story wasnot Monday, but the following day,what we labeled as Terrible Tuesday—which seems to make no sense at all, because the stock market finished up onehundred points that day."We worked the way we always do,which is to get on the phones and talk topeople."The article, which appeared in theJournal a full month after the crash, gavea startling and dramatic account ofevents beyond what even the most savvy Wall Street insiders could claim tohave fully seen before. Among its conclusions: that stock options and futurestrading all but stopped during a crucial DANIEL HERTZBERGinterval on Tuesday; that many banksrefused to extend sorely pressed dealers any more credit; and that "only theintervention of the Federal Reserve. . . and the mysterious movement— andpossible manipulation— of a little-usedstock-index futures contract saved themarkets from total meltdown."After the Journal ran the story,Hertzberg and Stewart lunched withsome important Wall Street traders whotold them, "We knew something washappening Tuesday and we could seepart of it, but we didn't see the wholepicture.""What was very satisfying aboutthe story," said Hertzberg, "is that wecovered ground that, in one sense, hadbeen covered by hundreds of reporters—but nobody had gotten the story, because most of it was hidden."Hertzberg, 42, joined The Wall StreetJournal in 1977 as a reporter covering theNew York fiscal scene and later wasnamed deputy news editor. Previously,he was a reporter for Newsday and TheBuffalo Evening News. Born in New York City, the son of Joan Naumburg Hertzberg, AB'37, and the late AbrahamHertzberg, he grew up in Scarsdale,graduating from high school there in1961.Although his interest in journalismbegan as early as the sixth grade, Hertzberg isn't sure where the urge camefrom, "since there's nobody even remotely connected with my family whohas done any sort of journalism."While at Chicago, where he majored in international relations, Hertzberg wrote for The Chicago Maroon andwas named editor his sophomore year.He continued to write stories for thepaper his junior year but "among otherthings, I had to go take some classes.""In terms of the Maroon, I think ourpositions were against the VietnamWar, but it was hardly radical. We hadfights in the editorials but much more ofthe effort was just putting out thepaper. People who worked for the Maroon did it because they enjoyed it and itwas fun."(Hertzberg isn't the only Maroon editor from that era to continue in journalism: Robert F. Levey, AB'66, is now acolumnist for The Washington Post andDavid A. Satter, AB'68, worked at TheChicago Tribune before becoming a foreign correspondent for The FinancialTimes.)After graduation, Hertzbergworked for two-and-a-half years at TheBuffalo Evening News before landing a jobat Newsday on Long Island, where hemet his wife, Barbara, who was then areporter for the 600,000 circulationdaily. (She is now a senior writer forNewsuw/cmagazine. The couple has twochildren, Michael, 5, and Ben, 3.)At Newsday, Hertzberg split his timebetween investigations and local politics. He regularly reported on the less-than-scrupulous dealings of a "classicRepublican machine" that was operating at that time in Nassau County.Hertzberg recalls one particularlymemorable form of patronage where,2 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988"if you were a committeeman or hadworked for the party, you got to rent adump truck to the town of Hempstead—and if you were really good, you got torent two or three dump trucks to thetown of Hempstead."So I basically ended up running alist of the people who had rented thetrucks against the list of the committeemen for the Republican party, and Ithink it eventually got them to changethe system."While at Newsday, Hertzberg beganto seriously read The Wall Street Journal,deciding "that was where I wanted togo""I've always been, in some ways, aneconomic determinist, and if you wanted to do serious economic reporting,the Journal was the place to go," heexplained."I think the Journal covers muchmore of what's going on in the world, ina sense, than the regular newspapersdo, because so much of what people dois work, and so many of the forces inpeople's lives are economic."Hertzberg joined forces with Stewart (a Harvard Law School graduate) in1986 as the Journal's two "merger and acquisition" reporters, covering the incredible takeover boom that eventuallyled to the insider-trading scandal onWall Street."It was fascinating because therewas all this corporate warfare going on,with all these tactics, and you've got tosource yourself and you've got to getpeople to tell you things. It was a lot offun, but it was also a tremendousamount of work."After Ivan Boesky's $100 millionsettlement with the federal government, the insider-trading story becameone of the biggest ever on Wall Street,with Hertzberg and Stewart consistently leading the pack of dozens ofjournalists who covered it. Their storieson Boesky won a Globe Award, but itwas a piece on the fall from power of investment banker Martin Siegel that was cited for the Pulitzer Prize.The story reveals how Siegel beganhis alleged relation with Boesky whileworking at Kidder, Peabody & Co.,where— as a crack merger specialist —he put the company in the forefront ofmerger-defense work. The job also gaveSiegel access to valuable inside information, which he allegedly provided toBoesky in exchange for suitcases full ofcash. Based on that information,Boesky made investments that, in onedeal alone, reaped a profit of $28.3 million. Siegel backed away from Boesky,but allegedly entered into another arrangement of inside information-swapping with Robert Freeman, headof arbitrage at Goldman, Sachs & Co.,who was also charged in the scandal.Beyond these details, the story provides a human portrait of Siegel: a manwho felt burdened by the costs of agrowing family and an expensive homeand who was haunted by the fear thatsomeday "he would fail just as hereached the prime of his life" like his father, who declared bankruptcy whenSiegel was twenty."Ivan Boesky is not a person whommost people find sympathetic," saidHertzberg. "Though Marty Siegel obviously did criminal things, I think he's amuch more tragic or flawed figure, andthat's one of the things that's interestingabout the story."Hertzberg 's interest in financial reporting is not likely to dim in the nearfuture— and with a Pulitzer now on hismantle, he says he's far from falling victim to the "burned-out" state of mindthat many a weary reporter has experienced in mid-career. His prize-winningnose for news is as keen as ever."Actually, " he chuckles, "Jim and Idid manage to learn, a little while before the Pulitzers were announced, thatwe were finalists— even though you'renot supposed to know this stuff."Is that comment for the record,Dan?—Tim Obermiller mERROL B.DAVIS, JR.Power brokerat WisconsinPower & LightErrol B. Davis, Jr., MBA 67, becamepresident of the Wisconsin Power andLight Company (WPL) on July 1, 1987.Davis replaced former president JamesUnderkofler, who continued as thecompany's chairman of the board andchief executive officer.As president of WPL, Davis manages daily operations for the Madison-based utility, which employs 2,560people and supplies power to 335,000customers. With his promotion from executive vice-president Davis becameone of the nation's highest-rankingblack executives. According to Black En-3UCPEOPLEterprise magazine, he is the only blackpresident of a publicly held company inthe United States.In an interview with The MilwaukeeJournal, Davis said that he plans to makeWPL more competitive in a deregulatedmarket that has forced utilities to compete with other power suppliers. "Mychallenge is to take an excellent company doing excellent things, " Davis said,"and convince it that it has to change."Dreams docome trueFrank P. Bourgin, PhD'88.That statement, in print, or spoken,must seem sweet, indeed, to Bourgin,who waited forty-six years before hecould put those letters and numerals after his name.On June 10, smiling broadly in hismaroon gown and black velvet beret,Bourgin heard himself proclaimed adoctor of philosophy.The University's political sciencedepartment rejected Bourgin's dissertation in 1942, and he gave up his dreamsof teaching and resigned himself to a career in business and the civil service.Bourgin, 77, last worked as Midwest regional director of the Federal Office ofEmergency Planning before retiring tohis home in suburban Washington.At the urging of scholars, however,the department recently reopened thecase and appointed a three-membercommittee to review Bourgin's decades-old dissertation. The committee decided that the department had erred whenit rejected the paper.Bourgin's thesis challenged thethen-accepted view that the New Dealeconomic policies of President FranklinD. Roosevelt diverged from the role thatthe Founding Fathers intended for thefederal government in national eco nomic planning. When Bourgin read a1986 book by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.,Cycles of American History, he foundmany conclusions that paralleled thosein his dissertation.He sent Schlesinger a copy of thedissertation, which Bourgin had keptlocked in a steel box through more thanfour decades of raising a family, working, and wondering what had gonewrong.Schlesinger, Albert Schweitzer Professor of the Humanities in the CityUniversity of New York's GraduateCenter and a prominent historian, readBourgin's work and praised it as"pathbreaking." Schlesinger wrote thepolitical science department and encouraged it to reconsider its decision.Bourgin also sent a copy to C. Herman Pritchett, PhD'37, professor emeritus and former chairman of theDepartment of Political Science. Prit chett, who as assistant professor servedon the faculty committee that originallyreviewed the dissertation, could not recall either reading or rejecting it in1942."I thought it was a tremendousjob," Pritchett said. "I simply couldn'tunderstand how it could have been rejected." Pritchett joined Schlesinger inurging the University to reverse itsrejection.Bourgin, in spite of the forty-six-year delay, was elated to finally receivethe recognition that his work merited.During his forty years in the non-academic work world, Bourgin recalled, "I would meet a Ph.D. andthink, 'That's what I should be.'"Bourgin received extra tickets forthe convocation so that his wife, twochildren, and four grandchildren couldwatch him receive the long-delayeddegree.FRANK P. BOURGIN, PhD '88, AND HIS WIFE, DOROTHY BOURGIN4 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988Your doctoraldissertation is"top secret"When James H. Roberts, PhD'46,came to pick up his newly-typed dissertation, the secretary in the University'sdocuments room balked."Oh, no, you can't see that!" thesecretary said. "It's been classified 'topsecret.'""I always thought that was a littlefunny," Roberts said. "They told me itwas top secret, but they never asked meto turn in my manuscript— I could readit any time I wanted to. What I couldn'tsee, of course, was the document asprinted up for distribution."Roberts, a native Arizonan, hadcome to the University's Department ofPhysics on a scholarship, after receiving his bachelor's and master's degreesfrom the University of Arizona. Hebecame involved in the ManhattanProject, the atomic bomb feasibilityproject, after the outbreak of W.W. II."They [the administrators of theManhattan Project] were looking for asmuch help as they could get, and theyencouraged graduate students to become a part of the project."As it happened, Roberts wrote hisdissertation on a subject that had greatimplications for United States nationalsecurity. "That was during World WarII," Roberts said, "and the problem ofwhat might cause an atomic bomb topredetonate— go off ahead of time-had to do with if there were too manyneutrons that were being produced inthe bomb core."Titled Neutron Yields in Light ElementsProduced by the Alpha Particles from Polonium, the dissertation was classified astop secret after he had turned in his manuscript to be typed. Although hisdissertation was accepted, Robertsdidn't read it in its typed version until1946, while he was working at the LosAlamos Laboratory in New Mexico. "Itturned out later, of course, that therewere other, far more important reasonsthat would cause the bombs to predetonate, " Roberts said. " So then it [the thesis] was declassified."From Los Alamos Roberts went toNorthwestern University, where hetaught physics from 1948 to 1969. After asubsequent appointment at MacalesterCollege, St. Paul, MN, he retired fromPutting it rightin the basketJoel F. Zemans, AB'63, MBA'65, isone of five former college basketballstars to be selected for the 1988 BalfourSilver Anniversary All-America teamby the National Association of Basketball Coaches. •- -¦ *In addition to Zemans, the mayorsof Lexington, KY, and Boston, MA, andthe president of the University of NotreDame were among those honored in aspecial ceremony in April as part of the teaching in 1980.As another example of the secrecyunder which Manhattan Project scientists worked, Roberts remembered ananecdote about Arthur H. Compton,who directed the metallurgical laboratory at the University. "During the waryears he had one name on the EastCoast and another name on the WestCoast," Roberts said. "The story goesthat he was flying, I think it was fromthe East to the West, and the stewardessasked him what his name was. So hehesitated a moment and said, 'Whereare we?'"the NCAA basketball championshipsin Kansas City, MO.Zemans is the president and chiefexecutive officer of the Mid Town Bankand Trust Company of Chicago. He wasan all-city high school basketball star inChicago and went on to earn Little All-America recognition at the University.A starter his junior season on the Maroon team that reached the NCAA Division II quarterfinals, he has played inmore varsity games than any otherplayer in Chicago history, missing onlyone game in four years. 9JOEL F. ZEMANSIi~jfYouths bearingVietcong flags swarmover the equestrianstatue of Civil WarGen. John Logan inGrant Park, Chicago,on August 26, 1968.Opposite:The late MayorRichard J. Daley ofChicago welcomingdelegates.Associated PressBy David Farberng^ grew up in Chicago, not toojS far from Wrigley Field. The9 Sunday before the 1968 Democratic convention began, Iwalked over to the North Avenue end of Lincoln Park withsome friends to see the hippies. I was eleven. We nevergot to see them. Between usand them were an endless number of policemen with riot gear and clubs in theirhands They told us it could be a real dangerous place to be and that we should get thehell out of there while we could OnWednesday night, the night when the policeand the demonstrators fought it out on Michigan Avenue, I watched the convention ontelevision with my mother and father. Whenthey showed the violence in the streets... Ithought it was incredible."Thus writes David Farber, AM'81,PhD' 85, in the preface to his book, Chicago'68 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Ten thousanddemonstratorsfought police inthe streets, asthe Democratsmet to choose apresidentialcandidate. Ahistorian presentsa vivid pictureof those days.©Copyright 1988 by the University of ChicagoPress, all rights reserved. Reprinted from Chicago'68, by David Farber, University of Chicago Press.August 28, 1968:General view ofembattled MichiganAvenue (left] asthousands of anti-wardemonstrators are confronted by policeline (bottom), whichis backed by NationalGuardsmen. View islooking north, LakeMichigan to right.Therefore, we mustmove out of this park. . . and turn thisexcited, overheatedmilitary machineagainst itself Let usmake sure that ifblood is going to flowlet it flow all over thiscity. If gas is going tobe used, let that gascome down all overChicago and not justover us in the park. 1988). Farber, a visiting assistant professor of history at the University ofKansas, is currently on an AmericanCouncil of Learned Societies Fellowship. He was a Congressional Fellow in1985-86.In his book, Farber reconstructs the"incredible" events in the 1960s that ledto the protests at the 1968 Democraticconvention in Chicago."In Chicago, late August 1968, approximately ten thousand demonstrating citizens, most of them young, almostall of them white and from the middleclasses, confronted almost an equalnumber of uniformed police and armeddefenders of society in public parks andcity streets. Other protest events in the1960s drew more people And otherprotests had resulted in as much or moreviolence But Chicago '68 was different because it occurred at a time whenand a place where the nation watchedand knew that what they were watchingwas themselves Chicago '68 markeda crisis in the nation's political andcultural order, " comments Farber, in hisintroduction.In the following article, we have excerpted part of Farber's book. Earlier inthe book, Farber describes the days immediately preceding the opening of the1968 Democratic convention, whenYippies (members of the Youth International Party) and members of Mobe(Mobilization to End the War in Vietnam) began gathering in Chicago. Theyhad decided to use the Democratic convention as a backdrop; they saw it as anopportunity to present their demandsfor social change before a wideaudience."...At the convention in Chicagothey found their new political approach, an almost wholly symbolicone: confront the war makers at theirown corrupt institutions/' writesFarber.The Yippies set up shop in LincolnPark. As the number of demonstratorsgrew, the police and state and federallaw enforcement groups made theirpreparations, too. Three days beforethe convention was to open, the policeissued an ultimatum: the park wouldclose at 11:00 p.m. This led to threenights of fighting, in the park and in the streets, between the young demonstrators and the police, culminating withthe police sending a city of Chicago garbage truck equipped with a special gas-dispensing mechanism, to spray teargas over the rioters.We pick up Farber's narrative at thenext scene of action, Grant Park:IN GRANT PARK THAT NIGHTa very different scene unfolded.The police let the demonstratorsspend the night.By 12:30 a.m., about fourthousand demonstrators hadgathered in Grant Park acrossfrom the Conrad Hilton and thenetwork television cameras. Several hundred police, eventually aboutseven hundred, guarded the Hiltonand prepared for a confrontation withthe protesters. Deputy Superintendentof Police James Rochford commandedthe officers.The Grant Park crowd differed fromthe Lincoln Park crowd. There were farmore clean-cut McCarthy volunteersand older demonstrators who'd cometo town for the legal rally the next day;there was also a growing number of McCarthy and Kennedy delegates joiningthe crowd For several hours a great variety ofspeakers used a portable public addresssystem to talk to the protesters. Somecounseled working within the system,others demanded a violent overthrowof the government At about 1:00 a.m., Deputy Superintendent Rochford had his men findRennie Davis [a Mobe member andanti- Vietnam war activist] and set up ameeting. Rochford asked Davis what heand his people intended to do—Rochford feared that the crowd meantto attack the Hilton and perhaps returning delegates who were still in sessionat the Amphitheater. Davis replied thatthey meant only to stay in the park andcontinue their rally. Rochford toldDavis that he would allow the rally to goon. He was waiving the park curfew. Hehad decided that trying to clear the parkof the relatively peaceful protesters infront of the TV cameras, returning delegates, and the late night Loop crowdswas not worth it.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988Rochford also decided that hewould have to find relief for his men,who, by 2:00 a.m., had been on duty forfourteen hours. The officers' temperswere growing thinner and thinner under the constant barrage of verbaltaunts and the occasional thrown rockor can Sometime around 2:00 a.m., Rochford got hold of Mayor Richard J. Daley,who at 1:17 had made the motion thatled to the adjournment of the day's proceedings at the Amphitheater. Themayor decided to have the NationalGuard relieve the police.Shortly after 3:00 a.m., the Thirty-third Military Police Battalion, six hundred strong, arrived. They came injeeps armored with barbed wire and inarmy-green transport trucks. Theyleapt from their vehicles in full battlegear, bayonets affixed to their carbines,shotguns and M-ls in hand, gas masksat their belts.For a long minute the raucouscrowd was almost silent; many wondered if the guard would open fire orcharge the crowd with their bayonets.Indeed, as the guard formed a skirmishline in front of the police, they usedtheir bayoneted carbines to force thecrowd back and away from MichiganAvenue.As the guard forced the crowd back,more militant protesters began to swearat the guardsmen; the now familiarcries of "motherfuckers" and "pigs"rang out. Brigadier General Richard T.Dunn tried to inform the protesters thathe had no intention of trying to removethem from the park . But in an attempt togain the attention of the protesters hestood on his barbed wire-equipped jeepwith his arm raised over his head. Thecrowd immediately, en masse, beganchanting, "Sieg Heil Sieg Heil!" Dunnwas drowned out by the chants and bythe protesters' p. a. system, over whichsingers Peter, Paul, and Mary (in townto give support to Senator Eugene McCarthy) sang, "This Land Is Your Land,This Land Is My Land."Dunn could not speak to the protesters but he did order his men to remove their bayonets and to make surethat their weapons were not loaded.The men were then ordered to maintain10 their line. Despite an unceasing barrageof taunts, the guardsmen, without exception, did maintain their line. For thenext hour, speakers continued to orateagainst the war and the system. Slowlythe crowd drifted away until by daybreak only a couple of hundred sleeping protesters and approximately threehundred guardsmen remained.August 28, shortly after 8:00 a.m.,while eating breakfast at a Lincoln Parkrestaurant, [Yippie] Abbie Hoffmanwas arrested for having the word FUCKprinted on his forehead. The policewere making sure that he would not beinvolved in the Grant Park rally andconvention march. Hoffman wasshunted from jail to jail and kept incommunicado until his release some thirteen hours later.At 9:20 a.m., General Dunn of theNational Guard was informed by thepolice that a rally and march would takeplace at the Grant Park bandshell commencing at 2:00 p.m. The police re quested the assistance of one battalion.General Dunn began issuing ordersand making plans for a parkside command post.Under the direct command of Deputy Superintendent Rochford, the police too began mobilizing their forces.Close to six hundred officers were assigned to the bandshell area, which waslocated perilously close to the Loop andthe delegates' hotels. Police intelligence agents were warning their superiors that a group of militant protestersplanned to invade the Loop and wreakhavoc. Police command also preparedthousands of leaflets upon which wereprinted an unequivocal warning that amarch on the Amphitheater was illegaland that anyone attempting such amarch would be arrested.At Mobe headquarters, in the midstof several dozen people, a group of fifteen or so debated tactics. David Del-linger [chairman of Mobe] wanted tofocus the rally around the victims ofUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988Police checkingcars entering theInternationalAmphitheatre, siteof the DemocraticConvention. : Police battledemonstrators nearthe Conrad HiltonHotel during the1968 DemocraticConvention.U.S. government policy: black people,draft resisters, Vietnam vets, peoplebeat up by the police. Tom Hayden[member of Mobe, now a Californiastate assemblyman] wanted strong,militant speakers who would talk aboutthe issues.Hayden also wanted a planned alternative to the march on the Amphitheater. He believed that the marchwould be stopped and that the protesters would be arrested en masse unlessthey left the rally site. Dellinger hopedthat Daley would be reluctant to ordermass arrests on the day Humphrey wasto be nominated. After some debate,Davis, Hayden, and Dellinger decidedto end the rally by offering demonstrators three choices: line up for a march tothe Amphitheater, leave the park andmass in front of the Hilton [Hotel], or gohome to avoid the probable confrontation with the police.At 1:00 p.m., antiwar conventiondelegates began their final argumentsfor the peace plank that had alreadybeen rejected by the platform committee. For the next three hours, the delegates debated. Pierre Salinger called onhis ex-boss's name, "If Senator RobertKennedy were alive he would be on thisplatform speaking for the minority."Congressman Wayne L. Hays brandedthe peace plank a sop to radicals, whomhe said, "would substitute beards forbrains, license for liberty. They wantpot instead of patriotism, sideburns instead of solutions. They would substitute riots for reason." The peace planwas defeated 1567 to 1041.By 3:00 p.m., between ten and fifteen thousand people were gatheredaround the bandshell in Grant Park.Compared to the crowds earlier in theweek, many more of the rally goerswere older and more conservativelydressed. Some of the antiwar movement's older, nonviolent members hadcome to Chicago just for the legal rallyand hoped-for march on the Amphitheater. There was also a larger number ofincreasingly bitter McCarthy supporters Several of the more militant"veteran" protesters came to the rallywearing helmets and carrying rocks,pieces of concrete, and balloons filledwith urine or caustic liquids. A few car ried Viet Cong and red flags.Police surrounded the bandshellarea on three sides. A small group ofuniformed officers, most of them black,handed out leaflets warning the protesters that they would be arrested ifthey attempted to march. Dozens ofplainclothes officers traveled in groupsof eight to ten through the crowds,pushing people and threatening them.A few hundred yards to the south,National Guardsmen were visible onthe rooftop of the Field Museum— moreguardsmen were stationed in a largeparking lot nearby.The rally began slowly and somewhat chaotically. David Dellinger actedas master of ceremonies At approximately 3:30 p.m., after a variety ofspeakers... a teenage boy climbed theflagpole to the south of the bandshelland began to lower the flag. Police, assuming the young man intended to desecrate the flag, immediately pushedtheir way through the crowd and arrest- The police too beganmobilizing theirforces. Close to sixhundred officers wereassigned to the band-shell area, which waslocated perilouslyclose to the Loop andthe delegates' hotels.ed the teenager. While beating him with 'their clubs and fists and struggling todrag him back behind the police line,the police were pelted with food, rocks,bags of urine, chunks of concrete, andother debris.Continued on page 28nIMl'SShould Israel give West Bank Arabs fullcitizenship, with all attendant rights?The author presents the case as argued by"doves' and "hawks' within Israel.By Alan GewirthHAT SHOULD ISRAEL DOabout the West Bank and theGaza Strip? This question, asubject of intense dispute inmany parts of the world, isnowhere more hotly debatedthan in Israel itself. On allsides it is acknowledged thatwhatever action is taken onthis issue will deeply affectthe whole future of Israel andits relations to the rest of the world.My wife and I recently spent amonth in Israel where we joined a"study mission" of the American Professors for Peace in the Middle East(APPME). We heard no less thanAlan Gewirth is the Edward Carson WallerDistinguished Service Professor in the Department of Philosophy. This article is adapted from a talk he gave to the HUM FacultyGroup. Gewirth delivered the Bar-Hillel Lectures at Tel Aviv University, Israel, in May1987. His books include Reason and Morality, which won the 1980 Gordon]. Laing Prizefrom the University of Chicago Press. twenty-nine lectures by professors, labor leaders, politicians, diplomats, andother government officials, includingseveral members of the Knesset (theIsraeli parliament) and two formerambassadors to the United States. Acentral focus of these lectures was thePalestinian problem: What should bedone about the West Bank and Gaza?The lecturers represented a wide rangeof different viewpoints, and the sessionsalso included intensive question-and-answer periods that often developedinto rousing debates.Let me begin by distinguishing twodifferent viewpoints, which, with startling originality, I will call the doves andthe hawks. (This is also what they callone another in Israel.) The chief difference between these is over their attitudes toward the claims of the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza toequal political rights and national self-determination. The doves take theseclaims seriously and view them as having considerable justification, while thehawks deny that the claims have anymerit at all. Hence the doves favor Israel's giving up all or most of the WestBank, while the hawks emphatically Opposite:Israeli Arabsin Nazarethcarry signs ofmourning forPalestinianskilled by Israeliforces, January1988.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988*5>, —H**y»cf: si~yU-<•5^'4fe>"^1-J -**-1"t: ZS*}~X(i+ i ,1Ikn I mffpmM6 «p » 'If gttN& _****&¦ law*m . ^0f>hy do we need an agonizingreappraisal of our possessionof the West Bank? We wonit in an honorable war.maintain the opposite. So there has developed in Israel a vehement, ongoingdialectic of assertion and counter-assertion in which all aspects of theproblem have been gone into with agonizing intensity. Because of this, I thinkit is almost literally impossible to sayanything new on this subject. My aimhere is, first, to report on what our peersin Israel are saying and thinking on thisissue and, second, to organize and analyze the main phases of this dialectic sothat we can perhaps see somewhatmore clearly what are the chief elements of the debate and where, if at all,the greater weight of the reasons may befound.The three chief hawks whose viewsI shall be reporting are Moshe Arens,member of the Knesset and former minister of defense; Yuval Ne'eman, member of the Knesset and a leading officialof the Tehiya Party; and Mordechai Nissan, of the Department of Middle EastStudies at the Hebrew University ofJerusalem. The three chief doves I shallcite are Elazar Granot, member of theKnesset from the Mapam Party; DovYermiyahu, a labor official; and YehudaLitani, an editorial writer for The Jerusalem Post. In addition, I shall also refer tovarious essays in an excellent book entitled Can the Palestinian Problem Be Solved?Israeli Positions ( Alouph Hareven, editor[Jerusalem: Van Leer Jerusalem Foundation, 1983]).I think I should indicate, at the outset, that my own sympathies are mainlyon the side of the doves. But the issuesare very complicated both factually andmorally, and if anyone thinks there is asimple, easy, or direct solution of theconflict, then he or she has just notthought deeply enough about the various issues that are involved here.There are three basic values at stakein this debate. The first is that Israel14 must remain a Jewish state, in two mainrespects: (a) demographically, it musthave a large Jewish majority; and (b) politically, its government must be underJewish control. The second value is thatIsrael must be secure; Israel and its inhabitants must survive and not be constantly confronted by threats to its ortheir survival or physical integrity. Thethird value is that Israel must be democratic, in that its institutions must maintain and respect the equal political andcivil rights of all its inhabitants.The main disputes arise from thefact that it seems very difficult and, insome views, even impossible to fulfill orachieve all three of these values. If Israelretains the West Bank, as the hawks advocate, then Israel will be secure andpolitically Jewish, but it will not bedemocratic, and before too long it willnot be demographically Jewish. On theother hand, if Israel gives up the WestBank, as the doves advocate, then Israelwill be democratic and demographically as well as politically Jewish, but it willnot be secure.If Israel gives the West Bank Arabsfull citizenship rights, then Israel willbe a democracy, but the Jews will eventually be outnumbered by the Arabs sothat Israel will no longer be a Jewishstate either demographically or politically. On the other hand, if Israel doesnot give the West Bank Arabs full citizenship rights, then Israel will be politically Jewish but it will no longer be a democracy; it will be more like SouthAfrica and not like Britain, Holland, orthe United States. So, if Israel retainsthe West Bank, it can be either politically Jewish or democratic, but not both.Hence, Israel should not retain the WestBank. But this brings us back to theproblem of security, as in the firstdilemma.I would now like to look at some of the ways in which the hawks and thedoves try to deal with these dilemmas.To do this, we have to go into some ofthe underlying elements of the debate,in terms of the main arguments andcounter-arguments. I'll begin withwhat I shall call the argument from the status quo. The hawks ask, Why do we needany agonizing reappraisal of our possession of the West Bank, i.e. of Judeaand Samaria? We won it in an honorablewar; it belongs to us by history and tradition; and it is vitally needed for oursecurity. The hawks here often go in fora kind of pragmatism: our policiesshould be guided not by lofty moralideals but rather by the problems ofday-by-day adjustment to the facts ofour situation.The hawks also say, moreover, thatthese facts are on Israel's side demographically as well as militarily. On thedemographic problem of the Arabs onthe West Bank outnumbering the Jews,the hawks give four replies. First, as theArabs get better educated, their birthrate drops; indeed, the Jewish birthrateis now increasing while the Arabs' is decreasing. Second, the Arabs are emigrating from the West Bank in increasing numbers: 300,000 Arabs havealready left the West Bank. Third, Soviet Jews will be coming to Israel in increasing numbers. Fourth, the Jewishsettlements in Judea and Samaria mustbe maintained and indeed increased.For all these reasons, the hawks contend time is on our side. They claim thatthe demographic horn of the dilemmasI mentioned before can be circumvented, so that even with the West Bank, Is-Alan GewirthUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988rael can still be demographically as wellas politically Jewish. Hence, we shouldstop worrying and leave well enoughalone.The doves give two main counterarguments, each of which contendsthat the present situation is not wellenough to be left alone. The first is theargument from democracy and morality. Thedoves say that it is morally wrong for Israel to be an occupying and dominatingpower whereby hundreds of thousandsof Palestinians are kept in a condition ofsubmission and are denied elementarypolitical and civil rights. The doves contend that to maintain the present occupation system is to reject everythingthat gives Jewish life its moral dignityand worth. As Litani put it, "We are losing our moral character in dealing withthe West Bank."In this connection, the doves alsoreject the hawks' demographic projections, seemingly aimed at showing thatif Israel retains the West Bank it can stillbe demographically Jewish. The dovessay that these projections reflect wishful thinking rather than reliable facts.The second dove counter-argumentfocuses on security. They say that in thepresent situation Israel is sitting on a"time-bomb" (this phrase was oftenused). The seething masses of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza will notpermanently acquiesce in the denial oftheir political rights and their right tonational self-determination. Hence, theunrest, the demonstrations, the riots,the defiance of the occupying authorities, the acts of terrorism, the guerrillawarfare will persist and increase untilthe inevitable explosive conflagrationoccurs. So the present situation is a mortal danger as well as a moral abomination for Israel.At the same time, however, thedoves accept the hawks' contentionthat Israel won the West Bank, as well asthe Golan Heights, in a just and honorable war. The rulers of Jordan and Syriadeserved to lose these areas, the dovesagree, because of their criminal aggression against Israel in the Six-Day War of1967, as well as earlier. Nevertheless,the doves also maintain that Israelshould give up the West Bank becauseof the arguments from democracy andmorality and from security.For the doves, then, the moral consideration of political rights goes hand-in-hand with the physical question ofsurvival and security. As one dove putit, "Without feeling that we are right, we will never win. Otherwise, we willhave a disaster in this country."The doves, then, analyze the problem as follows. There are two peoples,the Jews and the Palestinian Arabs,each of whom has a legitimate, morallyjustified claim to the land known asPalestine. This justified claim derivesfrom, among other things, their respective habitation in the region. So the conflict between Jews and Arabs is not aclash between right and wrong butrather between right and right. Hence,the only justified course is to engage inpeaceful negotiations in which the mutual rights of each side are respected,with some sort of partition as the likelyoutcome. The ideal, many doves say,would be to return to the physical andmental boundaries of 1967 Israel, withsome border adjustments for addedsecurity.The hawks give two main replies tothis analysis. The first is the argumentfrom history and tradition. They point out,on the one hand, that the Jewish people's bond to Eretz Israel, the Land ofIsrael, goes back to Biblical times; it is"an indissoluble element of the Jewishfaith and of its religious precepts"; andit was never extirpated even during thecenturies of slaughter, expulsion, andoppression. On the other hand, thehawks contend that the PalestinianArab or Moslem tie to the land is of veryrecent origin. During the seventeenhundred years of foreign imperial rule, including Moslem domination, no particular group settled the country, andthe fertile Land of Israel, which even after the Destruction of the Temple wasable to feed several million people, wastransformed into a barren waste. Onlyin the nineteenth century did Egyptians and other Arabs come to Palestinein any large numbers, and then theywere attracted especially by the organized Jewish settlement activity towardthe end of the century. Hence, the ideathat the Palestinian Arabs have a historical claim to Palestine that is remotelycomparable to the Jewish claim is sheerfalsehood.To this contention the doves givetwo interrelated replies. The first is thatthe recency of the Arabs' identificationwith Palestine does not deprive theirclaim of its potency: "In our time peoples and nations are quickly forged. Wefind instances of this in Africa, for example." Secondly, their recency doesnot prevent the Palestinians from beinga national group. Nationality is a matterof feeling; "a group that feels it is Palestinian is Palestinian, even if in the pastPalestinianness was a geographical andnot an ethno-cultural concept." Whatcounts is "the independent feeling ofthe people." Hence the Palestinian national consciousness must be taken seriously as an important and valid basisfor negotiating the respective politicalrights of the two peoples.These arguments and counter-GolanHeightsSYRIAPopulationof the WestBank andGaza Stripestimated,in thousands1,400Jews Arabs15arguments raise a basic moral questionabout what it is that gives a certain people a right to a certain territory: Is it ancient history and prophecy, or is it morerecent present habitation? The hawkssay the former, the doves the latter. Butif the hawks are right on this moral issue, then they have to contend with thealternative histories and propheciesfound in the Koran, the Christian Bible,and other religious documents. Onsimilar grounds the American Indianscould claim a right to the whole American continent. It is difficult to arrive atany firm or determinate moral conclusions by such a route, and we are leftwith basic religious and ideologicalconflicts, which are surely not conducive to lasting peace.But despite these considerations, Ibelieve that the Jews do have a preeminent claim to a sizable portion ofwhat the Romans christened as Palestine, both because of the Jewish people's unique, ancient, and uninterrupted physical and psychological attachment to the land as their national homeand also because, as all history culminating in the Holocaust has shown, the Jewsneed it for the protection of their ownhuman rights. The question is, how dothese rights relate to the PalestinianArabs' rights to their own national self-determination and citizenship rights?Let us now turn to the second majorreply that the hawks give to the doves'position. This focuses on security, especially in purely strategic-geographic termsbut also in terms of underlying politicalpsychology. This consideration is, ofcourse, of the utmost importance. Thehawks point out that "the territory ofthe West Bank provides Israel with strategic depth on its eastern front." Without the West Bank, the original Israel isonly nine miles wide between Tulkarm and Natanya, and again between Qalqi-lyah and Herzliya. Hence, in a war,Israel could relatively easily be cut intotwo or three parts as the attacking Arabforces reach the Mediterranean.The hawks also point out that theArabs have a standing army of 1.5 million men while Israel has 100,000— sothe ratio is fifteen to one. Moreover, although Israel can mobilize up to350,000 men, it takes forty-eight hoursfor this, while it takes only two hours todrive from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea. If the enemy penetrateswhile Israel is still mobilizing, then"Israel is through." Consequently, Israelhas to hold on to the mountain passes toprotect its mobilization. This also applies to the rest of Judea and Samaria.Thus the hawks conclude that there areoverwhelming strategic security reasons for Israel's retention of the wholeWest Bank.The hawks also contend that thesesecurity arguments are strongly reinforced by considerations of politicalpsychology, of underlying, deep-seatedattitudes and emotions. The hawksmaintain that Israel is in a position ofmortal danger, because it is an island,surrounded by a sea of fanatical, irrational, hate-filled enemies. It is idle andperilous fantasy to talk of having peacewith these people; look at Lebanon, lookat Iran and Iraq, look at South Yemenand North Yemen, look at Chad andLibya, look at Syria and its Kurds. This ishow they treat one another— with murder—so how should we expect them totreat the Israeli Jews if they can get awaywith it?According to the hawks, there is a"necessary objective incompatibility"between Arab and Jewish aspirations inthe area, so that there is no possibility ofa "true full peace" there, no room for mutual accommodation. One evidencefor this is the Syrians' nullification ofthe May 1983 accord between Israel andLebanon. So although the upper stratawithin Israel continue to think that alasting peace between Jews and Arabs ispossible, the lower strata, joined increasingly by the young, correctly uphold the idea of basic incompatibility.The extreme hawks hold furtherthat because both the Jews and theArabs are self-conscious growing national movements, they cannot coexistpeacefully, and it is intellectual dishonesty to think that they can. This pointis reinforced by demographics. TheIsraeli Arabs alone constitute eighteenpercent of Israel's population today;they will be twenty-five percent by theyear 2000, and by 2070 they will be a majority even within the present recognized borders of Israel. Hence it is quiteclear why the Arabs do not see Israel asa permanent political reality. The hawkscontend, then, that the Arab states ingeneral, and the Palestine LiberationOrganization (PLO) in particular, havenot abandoned their goal of Israel's destruction. Their only disputes are overmeans, not ends : whether it should be amilitary solution, or a mixture of warand peace, or peace assaults. As Mor-dechai Nissan, one of the hawks, put it,"the essence of politics is power." TheArabs see this. When the Jews uphold ademocratic ideology of equal rights,and say that democracy is the primaryvalue, the Arabs see this as weakness,as providing them with an opening fortheir own radical moves. "The democratic ethos," according to Nissan,"leads inevitably to the dissolution ofthe Jewish state."What the hawks conclude from thisis that Israel can survive as a Jewishstate only if it retains the West Bank. Butsince the survival of Israel is the supreme value, it follows that its being undemocratic is justified on this basis. Or,to put it another way, Israel can remainsecure only if it remains an undemocratic occupying power over the WestBank. If Israel gives up the West Bank,and thereby remains democratic, thenit will not survive as a Jewish state. Thisis what the hawks affirm, and the dovesdeny.In this context, I think it is important to note that although the doves emphasize the value of democracy, andtherefore of morality and justice, incontrast to the hawks, there is also avery basic element of morality in thef Israel does not give WestBank Arabs fall citizenship,it will be politically Jewishbut no longer a democracyUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988Even wit/i t/ie West Bank, Israelcan still be demographicallyas well as politically Jewish —leave well enough alone.hawks' position. A genuine moralitydoes not require suicide or self-destruction; quite the contrary. So thehawks, in focusing on the survival andsecurity of Israel, are themselves alsoupholding a very basic element ofmorality.The central issue, then, is both factual and moral. The hawks are makinga factual assertion: that the survival ofIsrael requires its retaining the WestBank and thereby denying the Palestinians their equal political rights. If thehawks are correct in this factual assertion, then this would seem to put themoral issue of democracy and Palestinian national self-determination in atleast a subordinate position. But thisvery point involves not only the factualissue but also the further moral issueabout what kind of Israel ought to survive. And it also involves the combinedfactual and moral issue about whatkinds of accommodations Israel canand should make that are compatiblewith its security. It remains the case,then, that the basic moral principle ofjustice in the sense of equal politicalrights is central to the doves' positionbut is entirely absent from the hawks' .How, then, do the doves respond tothe vitally important security arguments of the hawks? On the strategic-geographic argument they say two kindsof things, one less plausible than theother. First, they say that security in thenuclear age has a quite different meaning from what it had in the days of infantry and cavalry, or even tanks. Guided missiles can easily devastate distantregions, so that holding on to land forthe sake of security is illusory. To thisthe hawks reply, I think quite cogently,that if Israel uses or threatens to usenuclear weapons, the Arabs will getthem too, so that the nuclear option isnot credible.Some doves go for the Allon Plan,according to which Israel would give upmost of the West Bank except for themountain passes of the Jordan Valley,through which any invading forcewould have to go. The hawks reject this,however, on the ground that it wouldinvolve an isolated, static defense thatcould readily be overrun in time of war.The doves also have a second kindof reply to the hawks' strategic-geographic argument that strikes me asmore plausible. They point out thatIsrael's military resources are far moreformidable than the hawks allow. Forexample, if artillery stationed in Qalqi- lyah can hit Tel Aviv, the same is alsotrue in reverse; hence, an Arab WestBank state would have at least as muchto fear from Israel as Israel would haveto fear from it. The doves also note thatIsrael's narrow waist did not preventthe Israel Defense Force (IDF) from conquering the entire West Bank in threedays. The decisive factor here, therefore, is not geography but rather the caliber of the contending military forces:Given the offensive and mobile character of the IDF's operations in the Six-Day War and in the second, strategicstage of the YomKippur War, it becomes arelatively simple matter to defend Israeleven without applying Israeli politicaland military sovereignty in the WestBank and the Gaza Strip. This could beachieved by Israel's adopting an offensive strategy in the West Bank and theGaza Strip where the perception of certain shifts in the military or political status quo would prompt the IDF to moveforward at once and re-occupy the territories. (Meir Pa'il, "A Palestinian StateAlongside Israel," in Hareven, op. cit.,110)It is on such grounds that the dovesdeny the hawks' basic factual contention that Israel can survive only if it retains the West Bank. The doves back upthis denial with various suggestions forwhat they hold would be a viable peacetreaty. Let me now give a few details ofone such suggestion. The suggestedpeace treaty contains certain stringentmilitary clauses, including thefollowing:1. Israel will evacuate the West Bankand the Gaza Strip in agreed stages, andnot at one stroke.2. In the course of the Israeli withdrawal, the future Arab governing authority in the West Bank and the GazaStrip will establish a Palestinian policeforce outfitted with modern mechanizedmeans (including armored vehicles, helicopters, and light aircraft) whose num bers and quality will be agreed on mutually by Israel and the Arab government tobe formed in the West Bank and GazaStrip.3. The West Bank and the Gaza Stripwill be demilitarized of saliently offensive military forces, both Israeli andArab. No armored formations, no artillery units of any kind (barrel or rocket-based)— including field, anti-tank oranti-aircraft artillery— will be permittedto deploy there.4. No large new airfields will be constructed beyond the one at Kalandia. TheArab government in the West Bank andthe Gaza Strip will not establish an offensive military air force.5. No fortifications will be erected inthe West Bank and the Gaza Strip, bethey permanent, field fortifications, orminefields.6. Mixed Israeli-Palestinian orIsraeli-Palestinian-Jordanian supervisory units and observation points will operate in the Jordan Valley, along the GazaStrip coast, on the Gaza-Egypt border,and at the Kalandia airport. These unitsand points will be equipped with state-of-the-art electronic technology for detection, control, and communications,and with suitable means for land, sea,and air transport.7. In addition, a joint Israeli-Palestinian or Israeli-Palestinian-Jordanian border police force will be setup to supervise the borders, chieflyagainst terrorist activity. This force willhave the right to operate on both sides ofthe border.However, should any key part of thepeace agreement be violated, or shouldthe Arab side attempt to transfer troopsfrom the East Bank to the West Bank orfrom Egypt into Gaza, Israel would retain the automatic right to attack the WestBank and the Gaza Strip immediatelyand re-occupy them. (Ibid., 113-114)Such a suggested peace treatyseems to me to make adequate provi-Continued on page 3317Decisions, DeciSHOULD YOU INVESTIN MUTUAL FUNDS?GET MARRIED? DIVORCED?FIND A NEW JOB?BUY A HOUSE?IS THERE A DIFFERENCE,IN HOW YOU MAKE EACHOF THESE DECISIONS?BYROBIN HOGARTHILLUSTRATIONSBY PETER HANNAN LOOKING AT THISpage, you are facedwith a decision— readon, or skip. Now, haveyou ever asked yourself how or why youmake such a decision,and how this processdiffers from what youwould do in other situations?Consider, for example, decisionsabout investing, selecting a job, gettingmedical treatment, buying a house, oreven getting married. Does the processyou use for deciding whether to readmore of this article depend on the samekind of reasoning you follow when youface more important choices? Do theprocesses used in choosing investments differ from those used in choosing a spouse?It is possible to argue that all decisions are similar in structure. First, thereis something at stake. The decisionwhether to "read or skip," for example,could be characterized by the time youhave at your disposal, the benefit youmight gain from further reading, and soon. Second, there are uncertainties.What are the chances that this articlewill be worth reading? What are thechances that alternative uses of yourtime— reading something else— willbring greater satisfaction?Formal models of rational decisionmaking used in economics and relateddisciplines impose a common structureon decisions. This involves listing allpossible actions; evaluating preferences for outcomes of actions; assessing the likelihood of different outcomescontingent on one's actions; and using aUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988M, Decisionspredefined rule that takes account ofpreferences and probabilities to evaluate which action is best.There is good evidence that, inmaking decisions, people are sensitiveto both what is at stake and relevant uncertainties. Indeed, you may well makeyour "read or skip" choice in a mannerthat meets the canons prescribed bystudents of rational decision making.However, people are not computers. Instead, decision making is moreaccurately characterized by the use ofdifferent heuristic rules that have beenadopted to face a wide variety of tasks.These heuristic rules have two characteristics: they require little thought andare easy to use. In the "read or skip"choice, for example, you may rely on arule such as "Read as long as my curiosity is piqued." Sometimes these rulesdo yield choices identical to those of amore complete rational analysis; sometimes they don't. However, since thedifficulty and cost of analysis are sohigh, for most decisions people rely onheuristic or simplifying procedures.My colleagues and I at the Centerfor Decision Research are fascinated byhow individuals make decisions. Whatrules do people use in different decision-making tasks? What affects thechoice of one rule as opposed to another? How do choices made by the different rules compare with those impliedby a rational analysis? How do ruleschange with experience? What affectsdecision-making processes? How, forexample, do decisions faced by investment analysts differ from those faced bymedical specialists? How does special-. ized training affect decision-making19skills? How can people learn to makebetter decisions?We work in a discipline called "behavioral decision making" and we aimto answer these and a host of relatedquestions. Our studies are essentiallymotivated by three concerns: dissatisfaction with conventional economic accounts of how people make decisions; adesire to understand and model decision-making processes; and a desire todevelop insights and procedures tohelp people make better decisions. Butthis is getting ahead of the story.For today's scientists, the most influential model of human decisionmaking dates from the seventeenth andeighteenth centuries. This was a time when European scholars struggledwith understanding the nature ofgames of chance, studies which ultimately resulted in modern probabilitytheory.A key concept explored by these researchers was that of expected value.This suggested that the value decisionmakers place on an uncertain outcomeis equal to that outcome multiplied bythe probability of obtaining it. Thus,the expected value of a .50 chance ofwinning $100 is $50.However, several celebrated para doxes showed that this notion failed topredict choices because it did not capture people's attitudes toward risk. Tocontinue the example, most peoplewould rather be given $50 for sure thanface a gamble offering even chances ofwinning $100 or nothing.To account for attitudes toward risk,therefore, theorists introduced the notion of a transformation of money (andother outcomes) called utility, such thatpeople's decisions could be said to bebased on expected utility rather than expected value. The key idea was that people are assumed to translate monetaryand other outcomes onto a subjectiveutility scale and it is this they use inmaking decisions. An advantage of thisconcept was that different people couldhave different utility scales and thus exhibit different attitudes toward risk.This model of decision making,called expected utility theory, was notformalized mathematically until the1940s but has since been widelyadopted in both theoretical and appliedwork in economics and related disciplines. A further, and important extension of these ideas was published in1954 by L. J. Savage, former professorand chairman of the Department ofStatistics.Savage's contribution was to extendthe model beyond situations wherepeople could easily agree upon thechances of particular events occurring(such as the probability of observingheads on the toss of a fair coin) . Instead,in Savage's model people could disagree as to which action was rational ifthey disagreed concerning the chancesof particular events occurring. According to Savage, one could infer people'sassessments of uncertainty by watching the way they made choices in uncertain situations, all of which could nowbe likened to well-defined gambles. Animportant implication of Savage's workwas that it raised critical issues concerning how people assess probabilities of events for which knowledge isvague. Contrast, for example, the diffi-Can A CrimeBe Rational?What is a rational decision?There is often considerable controversy as to whether a particular act isor is not rational. From an economicviewpoint, a rational decision is onein which the costs and benefits of alldifferent possible actions are weighed and evaluated in order to determine the action with the greatest netbenefits. The essence of such rational analysis is consistency with logicalprocedures in the decision-makingprocess and has been referred to asthe rationality of means. It is importantto note that this has nothing to sayabout the goals against which costsand benefits are evaluated. Nonetheless, in judging the rationality ofparticular acts, people typically alsoconsider the rationality of goals. As an example, consider a criminal who has committed a heinouscrime with great efficacy. Is this rational? From an economic viewpoint, and considering only themeans used, the act could be considered rational. On the other hand,few would consider the person'sgoals to be rational. Thus, whereasmost intuitive evaluations of rationalactions involve components of bothmeans and goals, from an economicviewpoint the definition of rationalanalysis is limited to considerationof means.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988Robin Hogarthculty of assessing the chances of winning money on a roulette table withthat of successfully launching a newproduct.The ideas emanating from thisgambling metaphor of decision makingwere eagerly accepted and developedin the 1950s and 1960s and were seen toprovide a basis for both predicting decision behavior and developing ways tomake better decisions. However, twodevelopments suggested different perspectives for understanding decisionmaking.First, the advent of the computerprovided an alternative metaphor forhow people think and make decisions.The analogy here was that the computer,like the human brain, receives information, performs operations on informa tion, and then provides outputs. Think,for example, what you do whenyou are given two numbers (say 4 and 5)and then asked for their sum or product. The emphasis in this work was ondescribing how people process information. What happens to informationpeople receive as inputs, and how dothey both transform and combine themwith other information when making adecision? In addition, the computerprovided a yardstick against which human cognitive skills could be measuredand compared. Computers are impressive in their ability to process largeamounts of information, but less so inthe ability to recognize patterns. For humans, it is the reverse.Second, and complementing ideassuggested by the computer, was a series of experimental studies that examinedpredictions made by models inspiredby the gambling metaphor of economics. These revealed important theoretical anomalies and raised further questions about the adequacy of theexpected utility model. For example, ineconomic theory the manner in whichoptions are described should have noimpact on how you choose amongthem. However, preferences for alternative medical therapies have beenfound to differ if outcomes aredescribed in terms of mortality statistics, on the one hand, or survival rates,on the other. A proposed tax cut mightalso be valued differently if describedas a "gain" as opposed to "less ofa loss."The field of behavioral decisionmaking became an active area of research in the early 1970s and has grownrapidly ever since. At the University ofChicago, it became formally established in 1977 [see box]. The importance of the area was recognized in 1986when "decision making and problemsolving" was selected by the NationalAcademy of Sciences as one of fourareas of interest (from all fields in science) for which a special briefing wasmade to the science advisor to President Ronald Reagan. (Between 1982and 1986, only thirty-two topics havebeen selected, and of these only a fewconcerned the social sciences). Thecommittee drafting the report waschaired by Herbert A. Simon, AB'36,PhD'43, professor in the Department ofPsychology at Carnegie-Mellon University and also a Nobel laureate, andincluded myself as a member.Work in behavioral decision making currently draws from a variety ofdisciplines: psychology, economics,statistics, philosophy, computer science, and decision analysis (a collectionof techniques and methods for decisionmaking that developed from the workof Savage and others).At the University, the primarythrust of work at the Center for Decision Research is psychological butmany connections have also been madewith economics. A leitmotiv of many ofthe Center's projects is the resolution ofparadoxes suggested by contrastingexisting theories and beliefs with observations of how people adapt to thedifferent tasks implicit in decision making. In terms of methodology, Centerresearchers tend to be eclectic althougha large part of the work involves thetechniques of experimental psychology. But perhaps the best way to characterize the Chicago approach is to describe some completed and ongoingprojects.Learning. The study of learning fromexperience is a classic problem in psychology. It also plays an important rolein economics where it is assumed thatpeople can and do learn from interacting with others, particularly in marketsettings. Seen from a decision-makingperspective, how we learn raises newquestions in that the actions we take areconditioned by our beliefs about theworld. Thus, it is important to understand what is learned through experience (e.g., what precisely was the lesson of the Vietnam War? Does thatexperience provide a useful model forthinking through U.S. policy in CentralAmerica?); what people can and cannotlearn; and how people test what theybelieve they have learned.In the late 1970s, the late HillelEinhorn, former Wallace W Booth Professor in the Graduate School of Business (GSB) and in the Department ofBehavioral Sciences, and I ponderedthe following paradox. Many studieshad shown that people exhibit excessive confidence in the accuracy of theirpredictive judgments. Moreover, thesefindings had been documented in a variety of settings involving predictionsin, for example, medicine, business,and clinical psychology, and suggestedthat people do not necessarily learnfrom experience. The CenterFor Decision ResearchThe Center for Decision Research was founded at the GraduateSchool of Business (GSB) in 1977 bythe late Hillel J. Einhorn. Einhornoriginally came to the University in1969 as an assistant professor of behavioral science in the GSB andquickly earned a reputation for innovative scholarly work. The Centerwas created as part of a restructuringof the behavioral science programand Einhorn was appointed its firstdirector.The Center was the first of itskind to be established in a businessschool. Its success under Einhorn'sleadership can be gauged on manydimensions. In 1977, the Centerused to send out its work to a network of about 100 researchers; thefiles now number over 2,000 names.Starting with only a couple of facultyand modest experimental facilities,the Center currently has seven full-time faculty members and an expanded laboratory in the basement of Rosenwald Hall where experiments are conducted, often usingthe latest microcomputer technology. Many of the experimental programs have been funded by agenciessuch as the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research,and the Sloan Foundation.Since Chicago started its program, other leading business schoolshave emulated it by incorporating behavioral decision making in their curricula. Many key figures in these programs are former faculty or Ph.D.students from the University.The current director of the Center is Robin Hogarth, who was Einhorn's first Ph.D. student. Hogarth,PhD' 72, professor in the GSB,joined the faculty in 1979.In January 1987, Einhorn diedprematurely at the age of forty-five.In June the Center hosted a conference at the University at which leading researchers paid tribute toEinhorn's memory and legacy.Why? One explanation could bemotivational in nature, e.g., wishing tomaintain self-esteem, people selectively remember predictive successesrather than failures. Einhorn and I,however, showed that this was not necessarily the case.Using mathematical simulationtechniques, we demonstrated thatmuch of the empirical evidence couldbe explained by understanding the nature of the decision task that peoplefaced. In particular, many common decision tasks are structured in a manner that does not provide feedback concerning the quality of one's judgments.Consider, for example, personnelselection. On the basis of a predictivejudgment, a decision is made to hire ornot to hire. However, the decisionmaker typically receives feedback onlyabout candidates hired and not thosewho are turned down, so that knowledge about accuracy in making suchjudgments is systematically biased.That is, we know about the people wewish we hadn't hired, but what aboutthe good ones that got away? Moreover,22 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988people are usually unaware of the factors that contribute to the outcomesthey do learn. Are these due to goodjudgment or good luck? How many jobcandidates would have been successfulif no screening process had taken place?To what extent are actions taken afterthe hiring decision responsible for outcomes? Prophecies can be "self-fulfilling/' e.g., if you think a candidateis good, make sure that he or she is puton a "fast track."Our theoretical analysis specifiedthe conditions under which false confidence in judgment would be generatedand maintained. As part of his doctoraldissertation, our student Colin Ca-merer, MBA79, PhD'81, demonstratedhow these effects could be induced in anexperimental study where subjects wereasked to play the role of admissions officers at a graduate school. Camerer structured the feedback subjects received bymaking it depend, in part, on judgmentsmade previously.The result: subjects acquired confidence that had no basis in their inherent ability to predict. Thus, whereasthere are many documented instancesof excessive confidence in real-worlddecision tasks, Camerer's study illuminated the process by which suchfeelings could be generated. We sum upthis line of work in the words of the humorist Will Rogers, "It's not what wedon't know that gives us trouble. It'swhat we know that ain't so."Joshua Klayman, associate professor in the GSB, has also studied learning. The issue motivating Klayman'swork was that many studies in the 1960sand 1970s had shown that people wereinefficient at capturing the relations between several variables and some criterion when trying to predict the latter.Consider, for example, predicting success at a job on the basis of several variables such as past performance, letters ofreference, and academic qualifications,each of which is only imperfectly related to the criterion. On the other hand,we know from casual observation that people are capable of making accuratepredictions based on multiple sourcesof information. Consider, for instance,your ability to predict the speed of automobiles when deciding when to cross abusy street.Perhaps, reasoned Klayman, thekey to learning to predict was not aquestion of being able to weight different information sources according tosome "optimal" equation but, instead,lay in the ability to determine whichvariables were important in the firstplace. To test this hypothesis, Klaymancreated a kind of computer video-gamein which particles were fired across acomputer screen sometimes hitting,and sometimes missing various targets.Subjects in these experiments were required to interact with the system and todetermine the hidden rules that governed the computer's actions. They participated for several hours and wererewarded according to the accuracy oftheir predictions.Results showed that many subjectsdid discover several of the importantvariables even though they did notmanage to find the correct form of theequation governing the system. Animportant implication of this workis that, in considering how to designhuman-machine decision-making systems, humans can and should be usedto identify important variables. However, the manner in which those variablesshould be combined and weighted indecision making is better left tocomputers.In further work on learning, Klayman has investigated the efficacy ofdifferent strategies people use whentesting hypotheses. For example, suppose you believe you know the best wayto promote your new invention. Howwould you test your theory?Normally, people feel they havetaken the right decision if their hypothesis works when it is supposed to, e.g.,if your proposed promotion schemeproduces good sales. However, philosophers and psychologists warn that there is a basic error in this "positivetesting" approach: you will never learnthat some other method would alsowork— and perhaps even better. To findout, however, you have to try schemesthat currently you do not expect wouldbe as effective.In his analysis, Klayman showedthat people's preference for positivetesting can explain many of the limitations of human hypothesis testing. Inparticular, if people only test what theyalready think will work, they can endup with very narrow ideas about howthings must be done. However, depending on the nature of the situation,a positive testing strategy may sometimes work best. For example, if pastexperience suggests that few promotion schemes are ever successful, it maybe smarter to stay with a winner.Causal reasoning. A recent concern ofCenter researchers has been how people make use of notions of cause and effect when reasoning. This has important implications for decision making:How do people achieve causal understanding of the systems in which theyare required to make decisions? How dopeople attribute cause in diagnosticproblem solving?Nancy Pennington, former assistant professor in the GSB, has made adetailed study of how jurors come tounderstand evidence presented at murder trials. Jurors, it turns out, try tobuild causally coherent accounts ofhow the alleged crime was committed.However, evidence as presented by theprosecution and defense does not always facilitate this task since there arefrequent interruptions and questions,events are not always related in temporal sequence, and so on. Penningtonfound that in building up their understanding of what happened, jurors become heavily influenced by the orderin which information is presented. Inparticular, the first information theyreceive assumes great importance andcan even influence subsequent judg-Continued on page 3123CHICAGO JOURNALWHAT, NO ELEPHANTS?(750 pts.)On Sunday, May 15, Ida NoyesHall contained one of the largestcollections of manual lawn mowersin the Midwest.No. 55A manual lawn mower (and not aphysical plant employee!)[7 pts.]It also contained three bathtubs,in one of which Holger Brandt took abubble bath.No. 8An empty bathtub with an adult init (tub must be over 4 ' long, theadult can be as short as you wish.)[25 pts., plus 20 if person istaking a bubble bath.]On hand also were four ferrets;several piglets; and eight persons cladonly in balloons and string.No. 35A live ferret, skunk or porcupine.[15 pts.]No. 151A live piglet (please on a leash orrestrained in some manner)[50 pts.]No. 57A person dressed only in balloonsand string. [35 pts.]No. 58A straight pin (heh heh heh) andstrip tease music (BYOBox)[3 pts.]The occasion for all this madnesswas the second annual University ofChicago Scavenger Hunt, in which anestimated 1,200 students took part.Students were given from noon Thursday, May 12 (when the list of 283 needed items was issued), until noon Sunday, May 15, to find the items. Onlyteams could compete; most teamswere from residence halls, includingseveral members of the housing staffwho gleefully joined in the hunt."We scheduled it purposefullyduring the short break after midterms," explained senior ChristopherStraus, who chaired the ScavengerHunt Committee.On reading the list, several teams immediately dispatched cars toCanada.As one team arrived at aMcDonald's, the manager said,"Wait, don't tell me— you're fromChicago."No. 12A Canadian "Happy Meal" (trustus, there is a McDifference!)[40 pts.]Unfortunately, unbeknownstto the organizers of the hunt,McDonald's had stopped offering"Happy Meals" in the area. eIBut there were lots of other thingsfor a Canada-bound contingent to lookfor:No. 21A postcard of the Soo Locks.[50 pts.]No. 31A full set of Canadian coinage withall denominations under a dollar.[20 pts.]No. 34A snow ball (Drive north. Fast.)(at least 4" in diameter)(Keep it cold! If it melts, tough.)[7 pts.]No. 38A pound of Mackinac Island Fudge.[30 pts.]No. 43A Mackinac Bridge Toll receipt.[50 pts.]No. 69A Petoskey stone. [25 pts.]UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988Clockwise from upper left: Senior HolgerBrandt taking a bubble bath; sophomoreNathan fudd in balloons and string (withother temporary covering); freshmanGeoffrey Gerber with piglet; six-month-oldMeghan Pienta, wearing balloons and string;members of the Commuters' team (I. to r.)senior Tony Fernald, sophomore Robert Rafac,and junior Michael Volin, with bathtub.Photos by Karyn Groseth No. 175A phone book from Windsor. [40 pts.]A team from Upper Rickert(Woodward Court) was pulled over byU.S. Border Police, on the return trip,and had to talk their way out of beingarrested for trying to import a baleof hay.No. 2Abaleofhay.[20pts.iSeveral couples dashed over toIndiana for marriage licenses. Oneambitious couple filled out the license,whereupon the judge asked, "Shall Imarry you now?" When they confessed what their real intentions were,the judge laughed and assured themhe would remove their names fromthe official register the next Mondaymorning.No. 19A marriage license from Indiana.[20 pts.]Mike Royko, the Chicago Tribunecolumnist, was out of town that weekend (no doubt he recalled having tocall Chicago Tribune security police atthis time last year to stem the hordesof students descending on his officeand favorite saloon), but Mike Roykoof Marion, IN, was home, and heobligingly smiled for the cameras ofseveral students. The entry wasdeemed acceptable.No. 50A picture of Mike Royko taken thisweekend (i.e. date must be incorporated into the photo— e.g. the frontpage of a newspaper)[250 pts.]Technicians collecting blood forthe United Blood Services in Hutchinson Court were gratified when 116students and several housing staffmembers showed up and bared theirarms.No. 13A pint of blood given to UnitedBlood Services Each team islimited to 20 pints, any person maygive and the points counted towards a team of their choice. Ourrepresentative will be there to assistin recording pts. accumulated andto hold everyone's hand.[25 pts. each]Alas, no one managed to producea live elephant.No. 39A live elephant [750 pts.] The Chamberlin House (Burton-Judson Courts) team received a grandprize of $500 for their 3,230 pointfinish out of an estimated 6,000 totalpossible points. Hitchcock Hall wonthe $250 second prize, with a 2,946point total, squeaking past LowerRickert (Woodward Court) which finished with 2,841 points for the thirdplace and a $100 prize. Buckets of icecream went to teams capturing a minimum of 100 points, which happened tobe the same amount awarded for thepresentation of a single salad crouton.No. 172A crouton. [100 pts.]MARSH NAMEDDEANOFSSAJeanne Marsh has been nameddean of the School of Social ServiceAdministration (SSA), succeedingLaurence Lynn. Marsh, associate professor at SSA, was the school's associate dean for academic affairs from 1984to 1987."I am very pleased that JeanneMarsh has accepted the appointmentas dean of the school," President Han-na Gray said. "She will provide wonderful leadership for the schoolnationally and locally."Marsh, whose research specialtieshave included the evaluation of socialwelfare programs, practitioner decision making, substance abuse, andmental health service delivery, joinedthe faculty in 1978. She co-authoredRape and the Limits of Law Reform, whichanalyzed the passage and implementation of Michigan's criminal sexualconduct law of 1975, one of the earliestand most comprehensive revisions ofrape laws.HELLMAN APPOINTEDV-P OF MEDICAL CENTER;DEANOFBSD,PRITZKERSamuel Hellman, physician-in-chief at Memorial Sloan-KetteringCancer Center in New York and a leading expert on radiation therapy, hasbeen appointed dean of the Divisionof the Biological Sciences and thePritzker School of Medicine and vice-president for the Medical Center."Sam Hellman is one of the out-standing authorities in his field anda devoted clinician, " said Hanna H.Gray, president of the University, inannouncing the appointment. "Hewill bring his unique understandingof the relationship between basic research and medical treatment to thebiomedical enterprise at our university, providing leadership in our planning for a new era of academicdistinction."Hellman's appointment is effectiveSeptember 1. Thomas Krizek willremain as acting dean until then.Hellman, 53, holds the Benno C.Schmidt Chair in clinical oncology atSloan-Kettering and is also professorof radiation oncology at Cornell University Medical Center. He has writtenor co-written some two hundred articles in his field and co-edited thestandard textbook on cancer, Cancer:Principles and Practice of Oncology.Hellman received his M.D. degreefrom the State University of NewYork's College of Medicine at Syracuse. He received his B.S. degree magna cum laude in 1955 from AlleghenyCollege, Meadville, PA, where he nowserves as chairman of the board oftrustees.In addition to his many other honors, Hellman is a fellow of the RoyalSociety of Medicine and of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.GRADUATE APPLICATIONS,MINORITY INTEREST UPApplications are up in three ofthe four graduate divisions and in allbut one of the professional schools,according to Allen Sanderson, AM'70,associate provost."The news, on the whole, is verygood," Sanderson said. "Otherschools have noted increases in graduate and professional school applications, but nowhere near as large or asconsistent as the increases we haveseen over the past several years."However, Sanderson said that heremains concerned about minorityenrollment."We are up in minority applications, especially black applications, "he said. "We have made fellowshipoffers to a larger number of minoritystudents than in the past, and we have increased special recruitment efforts."This year, he added, his staff sponsored an open meeting with minoritystudents to seek criticisms and suggestions regarding the University's recruitment, retention, and placementefforts."I'm pleased with what we'redoing," he said. "That doesn't meanthere isn't still a problem or that wecan't do more, but we're heading in theright direction."ALSCHULER NAMEDTO PROFESSORSHIPAlbert Alschuler, professor in theLaw School, has been appointed theWilson-Dickinson Professor, effectiveJulyl.The Wilson-Dickinson Professorship was established in 1974 and washeld by Walter J. Blum, AB'39, JD'41,from 1975 to 1985. The professorshiphonors the memory of John Wilsonand Anna Wilson Dickinson.Alschuler, who studies criminallaw and procedure, joined the facultyin 1985 after teaching at the universities of Pennsylvania, Colorado, andTexas.KELLY ELECTED TOBOARD OF TRUSTEESArthur Kelly, founder and managing partner of KEL Enterprises Ltd., aChicago-based holding and investment company, has been elected to theBoard of Trustees.Upon graduation from the Schoolof Engineering at Yale University in1959, Kelly joined the managementconsulting firm A. T. Kearney & Co.,Inc. After working there for threeyears, he enrolled in the GraduateSchool of Business's Executive Program and earned his M.B. A. in 1964.After receiving his M.B. A., Kellyfounded A. T. Kearney's German subsidiary, A. T. Kearney GmbH, and wasits first managing director. In 1969 hewas elected a vice-president and director of the U.S. parent company and in1972 was made a member of its executive committee. He later became vicepresident-Europe and vice president-international.Kelly left Kearney in 1975 to be come vice-president and director ofLaSalle Steel Company in Chicago.The following year he became president and chief operating officer of thecompany. He resigned this position in1981 when LaSalle was sold, and in1982 he founded KEL Enterprises Ltd.Kelly has been actively involved inUniversity affairs, particularly those atGSB and the Division of the PhysicalSciences, since he returned to theUnited States in 1975. He has held anumber of positions in GSB alumniaffairs and development programs andhas chaired the school's minority relations committee since 1986. He hasserved on the Visiting Committee tothe Division of the Physical Sciencessince 1978 and chaired the panel since1986.In addition, Kelly was active in theformation of the Argonne-ChicagoDevelopment Corp. (ARCH), the University's joint venture with ArgonneNational Laboratory to commercializethe intellectual property of the twoinstitutions, and currently serves asa director and vice chairman .Kelly's wife, the former Diane Rex,is an interior designer and a memberof the University's Women's Board.They have three children: Thomas,Alison, and Mary Lucinda, AM'80.NEW PROFESSORSHIPHONORS DONNELLEYFriends and family of life trusteeand Chicago civic leader Gayl'ord Donnelley have given $1.5 million to theUniversity of Chicago to establish adistinguished service professorship.The chair will be awarded "to anoutstanding scholar within the areas ofthe humanities. . . without being confined to one department in perpetuity" and will "build on the distinctivestrength of the University's tradition ofinterdisciplinary teaching andresearch."A student of classics and philosophy, Donnelley, 78, has served as atrustee since 1947, during the administrations of University Presidents Robert Hutchins, Lawrence Kimpton,George Beadle, Edward Levi, JohnWilson and Hanna Gray. He was chairman of the Board from 1970 to 1976.He is a member of a family thathas long been associated with the26 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988University. His father, the lateThomas Donnelley, served as trusteefrom 1909 to 1938."I can think of no better way tohonor Gaylord Donnelley than toestablish a professorship in his name,"said Hanna Holborn Gray, president ofthe University. "He has set a standardfor all of us through his devotion tolearning and his understanding of andcommitment to the purposes of ouruniversity," she said. "His contribution to the University has been immeasurable and his dedication untiring."Since 1932, Donnelley has beenassociated with the R. R. Donnelley &Sons Company, a printing firm founded in 1864 by his grandfather, RichardDonnelley. The company, one of thenation's largest commercial printingconcerns, prints such magazines asTime, Sports Illustrated, The New Yorker,Scientific American, and The Universityof Chicago Magazine.He retired as chairman of the company's board in 1985, having startedhis career there as a printer while hewas still in school.Donnelley has chaired many significant board committees, includingcommittees concerned with Universityplanning, the budget, and the Campaign for Chicago. That campaignraised more than $160 million between1965 and 1968.As he left his University post as chairman in 1976, the University conferred on him the honorary degree ofdoctor of laws, hailing him as a "distinguished citizen, civic leader, responsible member and innovativechairman of the board of trustees."Donnelley received his A.B. inclassics from Yale, and studied philosophy for a year at Cambridge. DuringWorld War II, he served in the UnitedStates Navy and attained the rank oflieutenant commander. After servingin active duty on the carrier Essex in thePacific, he was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation and the Purple Heartwith one star.Donnelley and his wife, Dorothy,have three children.INCREASES SETFOR TUITION, AIDThe term bill for all new studentsin the College and for continuingstudents entering their second andthird years will increase by six percentthis fall.The percentage increase for seniors, who were admitted under adifferent tuition structure, will beslightly less.The higher tuition costs reflectedin next year's term bills will be accompanied by a twenty-two percent increase in University funds availablefor financial aid to students in theCollege.Freshmen entering the Collegenext fall will receive a term bill of$18,065, including $12,930 for tuition,$4,940 for room and board and $195 inhealth insurance and student activitiesfees. The current freshman term bill is$17, 030, including $12,120 for tuition,$4,730 for room and board and $180in fees.Continuing sophomores and juniors will pay the same tuition and feesas freshmen but will pay slightly morefor rooms.The term bill for seniors will be$17, 695: $11,790 for tuition, $5,710 forroom and board and $195 in fees. Thisrepresents an overall increase of 5.9percent.The average aid award is expectedto increase by eleven percent, according to Alan Fein, director of the budgetoffice."We will continue to seek and to admit to the College the most qualifiedstudents regardless of their ability topay," said Hanna H. Gray, president ofthe University, "and we will continueworking with all those whom we admit to assure that they obtain themeans to pay for their education."She noted that two-thirds of thestudents in the College receive someform of financial assistance from theUniversity, including loans and part-time employment opportunities.Gray stressed that the Universityremains committed to providing financial support for outstanding graduatestudents as well as for undergraduates. She noted that $15.5 million fromunrestricted University sources will beavailable next year for aid to studentsin the graduate divisions.DIRECTORS NAMED FORCOLLEGE ADMISSIONS, AIDTheodore A. O'Neill, AM'70, hasbeen named director of college admissions, and Alicia Reyes director ofcollege aid, Ralph W. Nicholas,AM'58, PhD'62, dean of the College,announced earlier this year. Thesepositions had remained unfilled sincethe death of Dan Hall last June.A Chicago native, O'Neill receivedhis bachelor's degree from MichiganState University, and taught for twoyears in the Chicago public schoolsbefore receiving an M.A. degree andcompleting course work for a Ph.D. inEnglish language and literature fromthe University of Chicago.In 1977, O'Neill was hired as anadmissions counselor at the Universityand between 1977 and 1980 servedas an academic adviser in the College before taking a combinedadministrative/faculty position asassociate director of admissions in theNew School for Social Research, NewYork City. He returned to the University in 1982 to assume the role of associate director of admissions duringHall's tenure, which began in 1980.Reyes, who has been associatedirector of College aid since 1985,received a bachelor's degree from theUniversity of Arizona and a master'sdegree from Princeton University in1974. Reyes joined the college aid office at Chicago in 1983 as an assistantdirector. 927Chicago '68Continued from page 11While the police dragged off theteenager, a group of young men, including at least one undercover policeofficer, surrounded the flagpole andtook down the flag. In its place, theyraised a red t-shirt. A group of approximately eight police officers followed byseveral others tore into the crowd, onceagain, in an attempt to arrest the red-flag raisers. They beat several bystanders with their clubs while chasing theperpetrators Rennie Davis ran overto the flagpole area in an attempt to setup a line of marshals between the crowdand the angry police.A number of police reacted to themarshal formation by charging it. Under the direction of a sergeant, a groupof approximately thirty enthusiasticpolice, clubs in hand, attacked in "a punitive assault." Five of them spottedDavis. In a rage, they beat him to theground with their clubs. They keptclubbing him as he crawled on all foursuntil he was able to escape under achain link fence. Unconscious, hishead, shirt, and tie covered with blood,Davis was rushed to hospital for stitches (thirteen) and bandaging. Dozensof other protesters, most of whom weresimply seated in the area around theflagpole, were clubbed around the headand shoulders. As quickly as theycame, the police retreated. Demonstrators threw rocks, bottles, food and anything else within reach at the retreatingofficers.While the police attacked, DavidDellinger and Tom Hayden fought forcontrol of the rally. Dellinger, with theaid of Sid Peck, was doing his best tocalm the crowd, stop the rock and bottlethrowing, and get on with the speechesand, eventually, the nonviolent march.Hayden was furious. He couldn't believe the impunity of the police andwanted to urge the crowd to physicallyresist such invasions of their space.Dellinger won and kept the microphone, at least temporarily, away fromHayden [A short time later] Hayden thenspoke. Informing the becalmed crowd that his friend Rennie Davis was hospitalized with a "split head, " Hayden losthis cool:This city and the military machineryit has aimed at us won't permit us to protest — Therefore we must move out ofthis park in groups throughout the cityand turn this excited, overheated military machine against itself. Let us makesure that if blood is going to flow let itflow all over this city. If gas is going to beused, let that gas come down all overChicago and not just over us in the park.That if the police are going to run wild,let them run wild all over this city andnot over us. If we are going to be disrupted and violated, let this whole stinkingcity be disrupted and violated Don'tget trapped in some kind of large organized march which can be surrounded.Begin to find your way out of here. I'llsee you in the streets.Soon after Hayden's furious words,David Dellinger attempted to calmlyoutline the day's protest options. Therewere three: line up for a nonviolentmarch to the Amphitheater, leave thepark and reassemble across from theHilton, or stay in the park and avoid anyconfrontation. Dellinger announcedthat he would lead the march. He thenintroduced Tom Neuman [member ofStudents for a Democratic Society],whom Dellinger said would lead theother action. Neuman spoke to thepoint: "We have decided, some of us, tomove out of the park in any way we can,to move into their space in any way thatwe can, and to defend ourselves in anyway that we can."While Dellinger and Neuman weremaking their speeches, the NationalGuard began moving into the area inforce. Warned by the police that demonstrators had been breaking up benchesto use as weapons, the guardsmen werearmed with M-l rifles, grenade launchers, gas dispensers, bayonets, and .30-caliber machine guns. They had beenasked by the police to guard the series ofbridges that spanned a block-wide set ofdeeply sunk railroad tracks and connected the Grant Park bandshell area withthe Loop. While some police remainedmassed to the south and southeast of thedemonstrators, other police formed aline west and southwest of the bandshellarea, the directions in which the marchers wanted to go.With the police and the guard surrounding the demonstrators on threesides, Dellinger, several other rankingMobe officials, and almost all of themarshals attempted to organize the vast majority of the willing demonstratorsinto a line. Over and over, Dellinger andthe others yelled into bullhorns that themarch was to be nonviolent and thatanyone who could not abide by such arule should leave the march. Police officers used their bullhorns to tell thedemonstrators that they were participating in an illegal assemblage andwere involved in an arrest situation Several companies of police linedup directly in front of at least six thousand protest marchers and kept themarchers from moving. David Dellinger attempted to negotiate with DeputySuperintendent Rochford. But Rochford had no intention whatsoever of allowing the march to proceed toward theAmphitheater or the Loop. Based on intelligence reports, he was totally convinced that the demonstrators fullyintended to "invade the hotels, invadethe Amphitheater. .. and disrupt theConvention."Rochford and City CorporationCounsel Richard Elrod were willing towork out a compromise. They told SidPeck and David Dellinger that the demonstrators could remain in the band-shell area or they could reassemble inthe park area east of Michigan Avenueand the Hilton, or they could marchnorth to Lincoln Park. Dellinger wasnot interested.While the negotiations wore on, thedemonstrators sat down and waited.They chanted and sang Police vansand a special bus for prisoners arrived.A sound truck warned reporters thatthey were in an arrest situation. A lineof police moved in and bisected themassed marchers.The march began to break up. Several dozen militants who had crossed overthe bridges earlier had moved up behindthe National Guard lines and called forthe others to join them. Some of themarshals, worried about the increasingprobabilities of a mass arrest, began totell people to leave the line and maketheir way to the Hilton. People becamefrightened and started to leave the line,with more and more following.There were no more leaders on either side. David Dellinger, dejected andangry by what he saw as "the absence ofmost of the movement's pacifist leadership," simply stayed at the march siteuntil everyone got away. Hundreds andthen thousands of people rushed toward the Balbo bridge. Many simplywanted to leave the area; others wereaiming for the Loop. They were met by28 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988two .30-caliber machine guns and asmall number of confused and frightened National Guardsmen. The policerank and file, in formation, didn't knowwhat was happening. People in thecrowd, many not from Chicago, wereunsure of where to go. Many movednorth to the next bridge.Eighteen guardsmen waited there.The first fifty or so people were allowedto go through the guard line. But thenan officer ordered the men to hold theirline and when a huge mob of three orfour thousand rushed up to the guardsmen they used their bayonets to stopothers. Four plainclothes policemencharged the crowd and clubbed anyprotesters they could reach. Guard reinforcements rushed to the scene anddeployed heavy doses of tear gas intothe mob. A car driven by a well-dressed, older woman and containingtwo gassed protesters inched up to theguardsmen and attempted to passthrough. In full view of a mobile TVcameraman, the very scared soldiersstuck a grenade launcher into the carand pointed their bayonets at the cartires. Frantically,, the crowd took off tothe north, many vomiting, others temporarily blinded and in agony. Theheavy curtain of gas drifted into theLoop and eventually into the officebuildings and hotels along MichiganAvenue.The Jackson Street bridge had beenleft unguarded. Word spread quicklyand helter-skelter the crowd ran forthe bridge. The Loop was on the otherside.Just as the wave of protesters madetheir way onto Michigan Avenue, thethree-wagon mule train of the PoorPeople's Campaign, sponsored by theSouthern Christian Leadership Council, was moving south past the intersection of Jackson and Michigan. Joyously,the white protesters attempted to jointhe train, which had a permit to march.Slowly, to the encouragement of several of the wagon drivers, thousands ofpeople filled Michigan Avenue andsurrounded the slow-moving train.Militants, carrying red flags and VietCong flags, paraded on Michigan Avenue. Ralph Abernathy, in charge of themule train, was afraid of the consequences of the spontaneous alliance.For a few minutes, the police justtried to contain the demonstrators. Oneline, on the sidewalk west of MichiganAvenue, guarded the Hilton; anotherstood on the east side of Michigan Ave nue between a large group of demonstrators and the street; a third group ofofficers formed a diagonal line in the intersection of Balbo and Michigan andthus prevented the crowd from movingsouth toward the Amphitheater.At 7:30 p.m., there were approximately seven thousand people in andaround the intersection. They were, asHayden and others had wanted whenthey planned to mass in front of theHilton, directly in front of the only fixednetwork cameras set up outside of theAmphitheater. There were also mobiletelevision camera trucks set up in theintersection. Over and over demonstrators chanted, "Dump the Hump,""Fuck the pigs, " "Fuck you LB J, " "Hellno, we won't go," "Peace Now," "HoHo Ho Chi Minh." Several demonstrators taunted policemen; others threwrocks, bottles, and garbage at officers.Deputy Superintendent Rochfordrushed to the scene and, after a hurriedconference with an SCLC representative, ordered officers to free the muletrain and allow it, and only it, to continue down Michigan Avenue. He orderedup busloads of reinforcements andvans for transporting prisoners. Uponfreeing up the mule train and the arrivalof reinforcements, Rochford orderedhis men to clear the streets. His reasoning was elemental: "I had no intentionof allowing a mob to take over thestreet."At the very first, for a period of twenty or thirty seconds, all went smoothly.Protesters were ordered to leave thestreets and many began to do so.Some policemen then proceededwith great discipline. Endlessly, theyrequested protesters to move onto thesidewalks. Led by Deputy Superintendent Rochford, they arrested thosewho would not comply. They used theirclubs only to prod reluctant protestersin the chest or back.But almost from the start, other policemen lost all control. In a matter ofminutes, hundreds of people— somejust bystanders, some peaceful protesters, some violent militants— were beaten, bloodied, orMaced.While Rochford coolly used abullhorn to tell his officers to "holdyour men steady there" and to order theprotesters to "disperse," dozens of enraged officers, screaming curses, usedtheir clubs, fists, knees, and Mace tohurt people.Some demonstrators met the charging police head-on. Armed with caustic sprays of their own, sticks, rocks, concrete chunks, they ganged up on isolated police or picked out a target in aline. Policemen were punched, kicked,and struck.Each injured policeman further enraged already furious officers. Peoplewere beaten to the ground and then hitagain and again. The TV camerasfilmed the beatings. In front of the hotels in which Hubert Humphrey,George McGovern; and Eugene McCarthy were staying, the police ravagedprotesters and bystanders alike whilethe TV cameras recorded the violence.Some people, not on the front lines,chanted, "The whole world is watching, the whole world is watching."Policemen came at the tightlypacked crowd from all sides. Some officers attacked people watching from thesidewalks. Others pursued fleeingdemonstrators for blocks. One of thefirst groups of police reinforcements,furious over reports of injured comrades, stormed off their bus chanting,"Kill! Kill! Kill!" A police lieutenantsprayed Mace indiscriminately at acrowd watching the street battle. Policemen pushed a small group of bystanders and peaceful protestersthrough a large plate-glass window andthen attacked the bleeding and dazedvictims as they lay among the glassshards. Policemen on three-wheeledmotorcycles, one of them screaming,"Wahoo!" ran people over. A group ofofficers cheered and protected a soldier(a deserter, as it turned out) as he beatup a white-coated Mobe medic; andwhen a photographer took pictures ofthe event the police beat him up.Often indiscriminately, peoplewere arrested. Some, as an assistantU.S. attorney reported, for saying"pig," others for walking on the sidewalk, and others for just being in thearea. As the police dragged people intothe squadrols, they beat them withtheir clubs and fists and knees. The rockthrowers and police attackers, usuallyyounger and more agile, in the main,escaped capture.Although the police succeeded inclearing the Balbo and Michigan intersection in about twenty minutes, the violence went on for hours. Militants andother enraged protesters ran throughthe Loop setting trash fires, blockingtraffic, setting off stink bombs, throwing rocks and bottles, jeering, and, on afew occasions, attacking policemen.Policemen grabbed and beat up and ar-29rested people. Occasionally, frustratedor angry police charged at the growingnumber of taunting, cursing protesterswho were gathering in Grant Park,across from the Hilton. By 9:00 p.m.,the National Guard was present in theLoop and Grant Park area in force. At11:55 p.m., with the Loop essentiallycleared of protesters, the NationalGuard took over completely, setting upa line between the several thousandprotesters gathered in the park andMichigan Avenue.Senator George McGovern watchedmuch of the violence from the fourthfloor of his hotel room. Furious, heasked the flurry of visitors to his suite,"Do you see what those sons of bitchesare doing to those kids down there?"...Senator McCarthy allowed his fifteenth-floor suite of rooms at the ConradHilton to be used as a clinic for injuredprotesters —Though the battle on MichiganAvenue started shortly before 8:00p.m., the first shots of the violenceweren't seen on television untilapproximately 9:30 p.m. Not until thenwere the taped shots available for network transmission. The films galvanized the antiwar delegates in theconvention hall. Connecticut SenatorAbraham Ribicoff [LLB'33] used hisnominating speech for GeorgeMcGovern to tell his audience, "WithGeorge McGovern we wouldn't haveGestapo tactics on the streets of Chicago " At 11:20 p.m., the balloting forpresidential nominee began. As expected Humphrey breezed to a first-ballot victory: Humphrey 1760 Va,McCarthy 601, McGovern 146 V2, andothers 114 V4....In response both to their defeat andevents in the Loop, many of the antiwardelegates decided to march from theAmphitheater to their Loop hotelsacross from the demonstrators' assemblage. Eventually, over five hundredheld a candlelight vigil down MichiganAvenue and many of the delegatesjoined the protesters in Grant Park.The protesters stayed in Grant Parkall night. As many as four thousandlistened to a broadcast of the roll callvote, heard speakers, sang songs, andchanted Hundreds of delegatesand McCarthy supporters mixed withthe militants and others who'd beenthrough the week's protests.Mayor Daley was outraged at themass media coverage the battle onMichigan Avenue was given. He felt that his police, his city, even he hadbeen unjustly vilified and slandered.The next morning, the mayor began tomake sure that the delegates and themass media knew the mayor's side ofthe story. A three-page handout wasplaced on every delegate's chair in theconvention hall. One page contained acopy of a Christian Science Monitor articleby the well-respected Richard L. Stroutwhich blasted mass media coverage ofthe convention and accused the press ofbeing too easily manipulated and misled by the "youth" protesters. Daley'sstatement then went on to accuse theprotesters of being nothing but "groupsof terrorists. . .equipped with caustics,with helmets and with their own brigade of medics." Daley then praised hispolice force and pointed out that theydutifully followed Kerner Report recommendations; manpower and notgunpower had been used to neutralizethe rioting protesters. The statementclosed: "This administration and thepeople of Chicago have never condoned brutality at any time but theywill never permit a lawless violentgroup of terrorists to menace the lives ofmillions of people, destroy the purposeof this national political convention andtake over the streets of Chicago."Early in the evening, the mayor appeared on CBS in a live interview withWalter Cronkite. In a twenty- three-minute interview, the acquiescentCronkite allowed the mayor to tell theAmerican public why his police hadfound it necessary to be so tough withthe protesters [Daley reported thatintelligence had informed him that theprotesters planned to carry out an assassination in Chicago during theconvention.]Though the mayor knew that the assassination plot he was referring to hadbeen dismissed by the FBI as nothingbut the "loose talk or braggadocio" ofthree Cook County jail inmates, he alsoknew that Walter Cronkite would notchallenge his veracity in front of theviewing public. The mayor also knewthat in 1968 to call on the threat of assassination was to draw the public's sympathy and understanding to his side.The mayor went on to commend his police force and to attack the "terrorists"and outside agitators who'd attemptedto disrupt his city and convention.All day Thursday, the "outside agitators," antiwar convention delegates,local protesters, and a variety of celebrities spoke to a mixed crowd of militant protesters, rank-and-file demonstrators, temporary supporters, and an increasing number of spectators. Whilehundreds and then, as the day drew to aclose, thousands of out-of-state protesters left town, others stood in GrantPark and began trying to figure outwhat had happened and what itmeant.David Dellinger decided to call it a"tragic victory." "Millions of peoplehave been educated and horrified bythis experience," he reported. RennieDavis spoke to the crowd of five or sothousand just after ex-governor of Massachusetts Endicott Peabody wasbooed for pleading, "Whatever you dostay in the political process." Davis'sadvice was more warmly regarded:"Don't vote... join us in the streets ofAmerica Build a National LiberationFront for America" During the day and night several futile marches to the Amphitheater wereorganized by the more peaceful elements within the protesters' ranks.They went nowhere. Black activist DickGregory, who'd first promoted the ideaof protesting at the convention andthen backed off, helped lead the twomajor marches. Some of the demonstrators hoped that at long last Chicagoblacks would join them in their protests. But, as was true for the previousfew days, few blacks joined theGregory-led parades. As a local blackleader said, "This was whitey's demonstration and Convention — It's yourturn now, whitey."The marches ended with hundredsgassed. Eventually, Gregory, nine convention delegates, and dozens of otherswere arrested, bringing the total number of protest-related arrests to almostseven hundred.At the Amphitheater, Thursday,the mayor packed both press and spectator galleries with his supporters.Waving banners announcing "We LoveMayor Daley," the patronage workersand loyalists chanted, "We want Daley,We want Daley," over and over. Beforethis highly supportive group and not afew hostile delegates, Hubert Humphrey gave his acceptance speech —It's hard to say when Chicago '68ended. Over the next few weeks, thenation debated just what went on in thestreets of Chicago. An estimatedeighty-nine million Americans hadwatched the convention proceedingsWednesday night. Mayor Daley and thedemonstration leaders fought a propa-30 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988ganda war over the events of the weekand neither side worried about the literal truth.Several Democratic congressmenand senators from around the countrydemanded that Attorney General Ramsey Clark [AM'50, JD'51] prosecute the"outside agitators" that "conspired" tocreate the "riots" in Chicago. Othersenators and congressmen, includingGerald Ford, blasted Mayor Daley andhis police force for their handling of theprotests. Attorney General Clark, dubious about the new conspiracy-to-riotlaw and unable to find any proof thatthere had even been such a conspiracyto create a riot in Chicago, refused toprosecute anyone. But later in the year,the new attorney general, John Mitchell, under President Nixon, helpedby an enraged J. Edgar Hoover of theFBI, charged Rennie Davis, TomHayden, David Dellinger, Bobby Seale,Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, and,somewhat mysteriously, Mobe marshals Lee Weiner and John Froines forconspiring to cause a riot, a charge thatcarried a penalty of up to five years injail. Their trial would become the causecelebreofl969.Letters poured into the networks,blasting their coverage of the convention confrontation— CBS received ninethousand and by an eleven-to-one ratiothey were against the network's coverage In the end, the press went formally uncharged. But the debate Chicago stirred up tore through theprofession and public discourse for thenext several years and helped create anew consciousness about the impact ofthe mass media on society.Mayor Daley claimed that he received 135,000 letters supporting hisactions and only five thousand against.Indeed, public opinion polls quickly established that most Americans approved of the mayor's handling of theprotesters. In a Survey Research Centerpoll taken shortly after the events inChicago, only a little better than 10 percent of all whites thought that the policeor the mayor had used too much force;25 percent of all respondents thoughtthat not enough force was used. On theother hand, 82 percent of college-educated blacks felt that the police hadused too much force, as did 63 percentof all blacks polled. Even among thosewho opposed the Vietnam War, 50 percent reacted negatively to the Chicagoprotesters and 23 percent reacted withextreme hostility Hubert Humphrey spoke for themayor and many others when he gavehis response to the confrontation: "Thecity of Chicago and the people of Chicago didn't do a thing that was wrong There are certain people in the UnitedStates who feel that all you have to do isriot and you can get your way. I have notime for that."While most Americans agreed withHumphrey's assessment of the convention violence, the immediate impact ofthe convention week on his candidacywas disastrous Among those who helped to leadthe movement, Chicago produced a variety of responses. Todd Gitlin, ex-president of SDS, wrote, "There'snothing like a week in Chicago to clearthe mind of adolescent machismo fantasies." However, as he went on to say,others left Chicago with a very differentfeeling, a feeling Gitlin labeled "fetishism of the streets." Indeed, the mostmilitant leaders of SDS left Chicagomore excited about the possibilities ofunleashing the anger of the poor andthe alienated— "greasers," dropouts,gang members, and other street people—in the streets in spontaneous and anarchic acts of revolution For Tom Hayden and Rennie Davis,Chicago brought together the Yippies,the New Left, and the McCarthy Kids. Itdrove a wedge between the mass mediaand the state, discredited the Democratic party, humiliated the UnitedStates internationally. Best of all, intheir eyes, Chicago taught "the cuttingedge" of the movement that there couldbe no "change without pain, withoutloss of life, without prison sentences."Chicago succeeded "by sharpening thebattle within the heart of the MotherCountry." Chicago pushed Haydenand Davis further down the road toward revolutionary violence.For the most militant movementpeople, a group that included Hoffman, Rubin, Hayden, and Davis, the violent confrontation in Chicago with itsthree or four thousand hard-core protesters was indeed what Yippie StewAlbert called "a revolutionary wetdream come true." They worked tomake Chicago only one violent confrontation among many. They succeeded. The movement, while growing innumbers of moderate antiwar proponents, also edged further toward violence. Chicago stood as a symbol tomany of that turn toward violence in thestreets. H DecisionsContinued from page 23ments of guilt or innocence.In related work, Einhorn and I developed a descriptive theory of howpeople attribute different levels of belief to alternative possible causes of anevent. Why, for example, do you believethat your present headache was morelikely to have been caused by excessivenoise as opposed to alcohol, or vice versa? What is the cause of your company'slackluster performance? Poor motivation? Competition? New governmentregulations? The key notion here is thatattributions of cause are judgmentsbased on fallible, probabilistic indicators such as temporal order (how muchdid you drink last night?), co-variation,and the extent to which something isseen to differ from what is expected.Change the way people have access tothese indicators, or change expectations, and you can change the strengthof causal judgments.For example, it would seem ridiculous to say that a fire was caused by oxygen. However, this could well be plausible aboard an orbiting space vehicle.Further work on this project is plannedin which the "rules of causal judgment"will be programmed in a computer thatwill then be asked to "reason" in aparticular domain. The results of computer reasoning will then be comparedwith that of humans working on thesame task.A further project investigates theeffect of the order in which informationis received on the strength of beliefs. Wedeveloped a model that predicts conditions in which people will be affectedmore by the first information they receive and others in which later pieceshave greater impact. This has becomean increasingly important problem inrecent years in complex organizationssuch as large business firms or the military where information from differentsources is aggregated prior to action.The model has also been examined byresearchers in accounting at other universities who are interested in how theorder in which auditors receive information affects professional judgments.Judgments of risk. Several Center re-31searchers have an interest in judgmentsof risk. Paul Schoemaker, associate professor in the GSB, has made a numberof studies investigating the role of context in situations of risky choice. From anormative, economic viewpoint, context should make no difference.For example, imagine that you wereasked to choose between losing ten dollars for sure and a ten percent chance oflosing one hundred dollars. Whichwould you choose? Now imagine that itcosts ten dollars to buy insuranceagainst a possible one-hundred-dollarloss where there is a ten percent chanceof incurring the loss. Would you buy theinsurance? Many people, it turns out,prefer to gamble in the first situationbut would buy insurance in the secondeven though both situations are identical from an economic viewpoint.One of the more intriguing empirical results in behavioral decision making is something known as the preference reversal phenomenon. In thistask, subjects are shown two gamblestypically displayed in the form ofwheels of fortune. One gamble offers agood chance of winning a small sum ofmoney, the other a small chance of winning a larger amount. Subjects are firstasked which gamble they would preferto play. Later in the experiment, theyare asked to consider the gambles separately, to imagine they own them, andthen to evaluate the prices at which theywould be willing to sell them.The surprising finding is thatchoices are not always consistent withprices. For example, subjects who prefer to play the first gamble (with thegood chance of winning) place a higherselling price on the second (with thelarger amount). Moreover, WilliamGoldstein, assistant professor in theDepartment of Behavioral Sciences andin the College, has discovered the existence of several new variants of thisphenomenon.Recently, a collaborative effort between Goldstein and Einhorn produced the first psychologically basedtheory that explains both the originalpreference-reversal phenomenon andthe variants discovered by Goldstein.Goldstein and Einhorn traced thesource of these phenomena to the process people use to express underlyingpreferences on the scale required by different types of tasks, e.g., judgments ofvalue expressed as prices, choices between options, and so on. CurrentlyGoldstein has a series of studies under way aimed at understanding these phenomena under different conditions andextending them beyond laboratorygambles. For example, are managers'decisions concerning promotions andpay levels subject to the same kinds ofsystematic biases?As noted above, a key problem inusing economic models of decisionmaking is assessing the likelihood ofuncertain events. However, what happens if one is not sure of the probabilityof a relevant event? What, for example,is the probability of a Chernobyl-typeaccident occurring in the United Stateswithin the next decade? How could youassess such a number? Recognizingthat people still act when they are "uncertain of the uncertainties," we developed a descriptive model of how peoplecope with such ambiguities in decisionmaking. The notion underlying themodel is that in assessing such uncertainties, people engage in a mental simulation process that involves "tryingout" various possible scenarios.The net effect of this process can,however, be distorted in several ways.These include the undue influence ofthe first scenario , contemplated, theextent to which past experience isdeficient, and the type and size ofthe outcome contingent on the uncertain event. Our ambiguity model has aprecise mathematical formulation andhas been extensively tested in a numberof laboratory studies. It leads to predictions that are often at variance with expected utility theory and economistsfind it hard to accept. Nonetheless, ithas been successfully applied in predicting decisions concerning the pricing of insurance and warranties madeby M.B. A. students, businessmen, andeven professional actuaries.Intertemporal choice. Imagine that youhave just ordered a new video cassetterecorder (VCR) costing $300. However,the store cannot deliver it for threeweeks unless you pay extra. How muchare you willing to pay to get it today?Now, contrast this scenario with the following. You could take possession ofthe VCR today for $300. However, if youare willing to delay delivery for threeweeks, the store will give you a discount. How big would the discountneed to be for you to accept delivery inthree weeks?The canons of rational choice dictate that answers to the above two questions should be about the same. However, George Loewenstein, assistant professor in the GSB, finds that this isnot respected by subjects' responses.Instead, there are systematic differences. People demand more compensation for delays than they are preparedto pay to speed up delivery. Moreover,these differences can be explainedwithin a new theory of intertemporalchoice currently tinder development byLoewenstein. In this theory, the traditional discounting model of economicsis replaced by the notion that peopleevaluate choices relative to a point ofreference or level of aspiration. Thus,when the level changes, so can thechoices. In addition to having implications for issues in consumer choice (asin the above example), the theory couldalso shed light on people's propensityto save as opposed to consume andpreferences for timing of income andoutlays in business settings.Predicting others' preferences. Are yougood at predicting what your spouselikes? How about the likes and dislikesof your colleagues at work, or those ofthe average American consumer? Howcould you improve your predictiveability?These and similar issues have beenstudied within a marketing context byStephen Hoch, associate professor inthe GSB. He finds that people are not asgood at predicting the preferences ofothers as they think. Marketing managers, in particular, are no more successful at predicting the likes and dislikes ofthe average American consumer thanpeople with no professional "expertise" in this domain.In addition, whereas social scientists have often thought it was erroneous to use one's own preferences as abasis for predicting the preferences ofothers, Hoch finds many situations inwhich accuracy is improved if one assumes that other people's preferencesare identical to your own (this depends,in part, on how similar you are to theothers). What should you give yourspouse for a birthday present? Trysomething you would like yourself!Returning to the "read on or skip"decision, the above description of projects shows that there is more to decision making than a simple calculationof expected costs and benefits. To besure, costs and benefits are key inputsto decisions. However, how do peopleperceive and estimate costs and benefits? What kinds of errors do they make32 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE /SUMMER 1988and can they learn to correct such errorsthrough experience? Moreover, givenlimitations on human information-processing abilities, what mechanismsor strategies do people use to handlethe costs of the decision-making process itself?There is real tension between economic models of decision making andIsraelContinued from page 17sion for Israel's security needs while atthe same time enabling it to get rid ofthe incubus of the West Bank. Thereremain, of course, serious questionsabout the viability of such a suggestedpeace treaty, including especially howlikely it is that the Palestinian and otherArabs would accept it and abide by it. Inthis context, we must now confront thehawks' other basic assertion: thepolitical-psychological thesis that Israel issurrounded by implacable enemies, sothat no accommodation of the sort envisaged by the suggested peace treaty ispossible.In order to deal with this thesis, wemust take a careful look at the conceptof an enemy. In general, if A is an enemyof B, then A hates B and believes that hemust harm B in order to advance Asown interests. Now there are degrees ofsuch enmity. At one pole, the hatredand the accompanying belief are so extreme that there is little or nothing thatcan be done to change them. The Naziswere an example of this; so too, in important degree, is much of the PLOleadership in relation to Israel.On the other hand, there are alsomore moderate types of enemy. Without going into all the possible varietiesof these, I want to focus on one type thatis especially relevant in the present context. If A hates B because A believes,correctly, that B is depriving A of hisequal rights and dignity, then, unlikethe extreme type of enemy, this moderate type can be changed if B changes hisattitude and policy toward A. This iswhat happened in the American South,for example, when the white powerstructure, compelled by the Civil RightsActs of 1964 and 1965, changed its policies toward the blacks with regard to the findings emerging from studiesconducted at the Center for DecisionResearch. However, I believe that thetension is productive. Economic models have been particularly useful inpinpointing key variables in decisionmaking and in providing first-orderapproximations of how people makechoices. In an important sense, they canvoting, public accommodations, and soforth. The moderate blacks stopped being enemies of the whites, in contrast tothe extreme black nationalists who heldthat nothing the whites did or could dowould remove their objective opposition to the interests of blacks.What I am suggesting is that a similar division exists among the West BankPalestinians. While dominant elementsof the PLO leadership seem unalterablyopposed to the very existence of theState of Israel, there are many moremoderate elements among the Palestinian merchants, doctors, lawyers, academics, and journalists who are willingand indeed eager to cooperate and livein peace with Israel if this will lead to anindependent Palestinian state, or oneallied with Jordan, in which the Arabswould have their own equal politicalrights. It is moderate groups of this sortwho maintain contact with liberal Israelis in various civil rights organizationsand the like, one of whose meetings I attended in Tel Aviv.Now it must be recognized, in all realism, that these moderate Palestinianelements are bitterly opposed by the extremists with regard to recognizing andaccommodating Israel. The question iswhether the extremist enemies of thissort will be allowed to continue to callall the shots. But they will continue tohave a disproportionate influence solong as the justified perception remainsthat Israel is denying the inhabitants ofthe West Bank their legitimate politicalrights and is in a position of dominationover them.It will be recalled that I went intothis question of the nature and types of"enemies" because I wanted to test thehawks' factual assertion that if Israelgives up the West Bank, and thereby remains a democratic state, then it cannotsurvive or be secure, because it is surrounded by implacable enemies. Mysuggestion now is that while in the WestBank and elsewhere Israel does indeedhave enemies, many of these are not ofthe extreme type, and their enmity couldbe greatly decreased or even removed if be said to provide a metaphor of behavior. However, metaphors are necessarily incomplete and sometimes misleading. By enriching the powerfulgambling metaphor with others, thefield of behavioral decision makingpromises to provide a more completeview of a critical dimension of humanbehavior. HIsrael were to accord equal politicalrights to the West Bank Arabs and thereby remain a democratic state. Sadat'sEgypt, continued by Mubarak, is an example of such a moderating ofattitudes.None of this involves a denial thatIsrael will always need to remain veryvigilant for its security. But it does indicate that not all the arguments for security are on the side of retaining the WestBank. Such retention will guaranteethat the enmity and hatred directedagainst Israel because of its dominatingstatus and violation of equal rights willpersist and increase. On the otherhand, giving up the West Bank has, Ithink, a good chance of leading to a considerable diminution of at least thatkind of enmity, and thereby it will serveto increase rather than decrease Israel'ssecurity. In this way, the argument fromdemocracy and morality coalesces withthe argument from security. For thesereasons, a peace treaty like the one suggested before could win support fromboth Jews and Palestinians. And if theIsraeli government were to declare itswillingness to accept and abide by sucha treaty, as against its present policy ofdeferring positive action and rigidlymaintaining the status quo, then thenon-negligible force of world opinionwould very likely swing back to theIsraeli side.In conclusion, what I have tried tobring out here is that the Palestinianproblem, and thus the problem of peaceand civil rights in Israel, involves amass of complex arguments andcounter-arguments, so that no simpleor fool-proof solution is possible. But Ihave also tried to indicate why I thinkthe weight of both moral and strategicreasons is nonetheless on the side ofIsrael's acceding to an independentPalestinian state, or one allied with Jordan, under stringent safeguards. In thisway, Israel can maintain all three of thebasic values that are at stake here: it canremain at once secure, politically aswell as demographically Jewish, anddemocratic. H33CLASS NEWS Photos by Richard Younker-1 TJ D. Jerome Fisher, SB'17, SM'20, PhD'22,J. / and Dorothy Dorsett Fisher, PhB ' 19, live inPhoenix, AZ.Margaret Monroe Macpherson, PhB '17, livesin Newport, RI.Elinor E. Panacoast, PhB'17, AM'22, PhD'27,of Denton, TX, has retired from teaching economics at Goucher College, Towson, MD."1 Q Dorothy Dorsett Fisher, PhB' 19. See 1917,±Ts D. Jerome Fisher.*")(} Maribel Radford Bugg, AB'20, is a retiredA\j social worker living in Minnetonka, MN.r\*\ Walter E. Landt, PhB'21, retired, lives inAL Hartford, WI.r\ O James C. Ellis, SB'23, MD'26, is retired andaL\J is a member of his local Rotary Glub. Heand his wife, Dorothy Sage Ellis, PhB '24, live inDeKalb,IL.Wilberna Ayres Wigelsworth, PhB '23, lives inLos Angeles.r\ A Dorothy Sage Ellis, PhB'24. See 1923,ZJ^. James C. Ellis.r\ JZ RagnarO. Moline, PhB '25, of Rockford, IL,L—\J is a volunteer chaplain and is on the boardsof the Winnebago County Blind Center and theRockford Noon Lions Club.Erroll W. Rawson, MD'25, of Seattle, WA, isninety-two years old and attends various medicalmeetings.O/^ Jackson B. Adkins, PhB'26, retired, hasZJCj written several high school textbooks. Helives in Exeter, NH.James A. Conner, SB'26, lives in Hinsdale,IL.Beatrice Watson Jasinski, PhB'26, AM'27,PhD'48, has published several books and lives inCambridge, MA.John Francis Latimer, AM'26, was named professor emeritus of classics at George WashingtonUniversity, Washington, DC, for his service to theUniversity and his efforts to promote the studyand teaching of the classics.Eleanor Rice Long, PhB'26, lives in Bloom-ington, IN.Evelyn Turner, PhB'26, lives in Carey, IL.Laura Chamberlin Walsh, PhB '26, lives in Anderson, IN.Vida Broadbent Wentz, PhB'26, SM'27,MD'35, of Chicago, is spending time in Florence,Italy, tracing the haunts of Michelangelo.r\rj Alfred W. Hurst, AM'27, DB'30, serves asZmJ chaplain at the skilled nursing division ofMemorial Hospital, Elon College, NC, representing the County Pastors Association. He keeps intouch with former roommate John J. Halko, Jr.,AM'28, of Drexel Hill, PA.^Q Kenneth N. Campbell, SB'28, PhD'32, is ajLmO pharmaceutical consultant in Evansville,IN.Estelle Rochells Greenberg, PhB '28, and herhusband, David, travel and are involved in community activities in Fresno, CA. They have twograndsons.John J. Halko, Jr., AM'28. See 1927, Alfred W.Hurst.Karl A. Mygdal, SB'28, and Margaret PringleMygdal, SB'29, live in Burlington, NC.Lewine Hoeffer Russell, PhB '28, of Philadelphia, PA, has retired. She is eighty-two years oldand enjoys gardening.Virginia Wells Morey Saalfield, PhB '28, ofSilver Spring, MD, serves in her communitylibrary and enjoys her retirement.OQ Walter P. Kincaid, PhB'29, lives in Walnut*L y Creek, CA.Margaret Pringle Mygdal, SB'29. See 1928,Karl A. Mygdal. Qf| John D. Ridge, SB'30, SM'32, PhD'35, of\JU Gainesville, FL, spent a month in southeastern Europe collecting data for the fifth volumein his series on ore deposits.QO Marion Reinstein Gans, PhB '32, lives inO Am Beachwood, OH. Her granddaughter, Susan Gans, is a graduate student in the University'sCommittee on Biopsychology.Robert B. Greenman, SB'32, MD'37, of Universal City, TX, visited the University of Otago,Dunedin, New Zealand.Lila Lindsay Lange, PhB '32, and her husband,William, of Morton Grove, IL, are active members ofthe Chicago Stereo Camera Club. They have just returned from a trip to Switzerland.O Q Albert J. Galvani, PhB'33, of Dallas, TX,vl/vj has retired as chairman of Donovari-Galvani of Dallas, Inc., a fashion manufacturer.He is on several civic and community boards.Jerome Jontry, PhB'33, of New York City,writes that he believes he still holds the Universityrecord for sleepwalking from Deke House to the"C" bench at Cobb Hall.Katherine Dierssen Shelley, PhB'33, of Evan-ston, IL, keeps up with her U. of C. friendsGeraldine Smithwick Alvarez, PhB '34; LoisCromwell Klein, PhB '34; Mary Slusser Snyder,AB'33; and Dorothea Smith Johnson, PhB'34.Mary Slusser Snyder, AB'33. See 1933,Katherine Dierssen Shelley.O A Geraldine Smithwick Alvarez, PhB'34.vDrr See 1933, Katherine Dierssen Shelley.Charles Darwin Andersen, PhB'34, AM'35, ofBethesda, MD, received the Maryland LibraryAssociation's Special Recognition Award for histwenty years of voluntary service to the Marylandlibraries.Charles C. Hauch, PhB'34, AM'36, PhD'42,and Ruthadele La Tourrette Hauch, AM'39, are retired and live in Lake Sea Marcos, CA. Charles isadjunct professor of the Center for Latin AmericanStudies at San Diego State University, San Diego,CA, and Ruthadele is active in local church activities. They recently visited their daughter, Charlotte Hauch Hall, AM'67, and her family in FallsChurch, VA.Rosemary Volk Howland, AB'34, of Norwalk,CT, has a twelfth grandchild.Clifford J. Hynning, AB'34, PhD'38, writesand lives in Washington, DC.Dorothea Smith Johnson, PhB'34. See 1933,Katherine Dierssen Shelley.Lois Cromwell Klein, PhB'34. See 1933,Katherine Dierssen Shelley.Nora Muller Lejins, PhB'34, AM'35. See 1938,Peter P. Lejins.Edwin B. Main, PhB'34, AM'38, lives in Decatur, IL.Harold G. Petering, SB'34, is continuing hisresearch on the effects of metals in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Petering isprofessor emeritus of environmental health andbiochemistry at the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.Roger S. Thompson, MD'34, lives in Seattle,WA.Kirby P. Walker, AM'34, of Jackson, MS, issuperintendent emeritus of Jackson (MS) PublicSchools.QC John L. Baker, X'35. See 1937, Donna\D\J Donkle Baker.Charles A. Barnes, SB'35, MD'37, lives inCleveland Heights, OH.Agnes Murphy Harriss, AM'35, and her husband, C. Lowell Harriss, live in Bronxville, NY.Ralph M. McDermid, PhB'35, is vice-president of the University Club of Winter Park,FL; national governor of the Institute of Living, Hartford, CT; and a member of the Harvard Clubof New York City. He lives in Winter Park, FL.Robert A. Preston, AM'35, professor emeritusof pastoral care, Lexington Theological Seminary,Lexington, KY, is active in the Academy of SeniorProfessionals at Eckerd College, St. Petersburg,FL.O /I Ruth Anne Heisey Black, AB'36, was in the\30 second class of Robert Maynard Hutchin'sNew Plan for the College. She remembers "thosehalcyon days, the excitement of being drenched inthe four great departments in the first two years, "and when the cost of room, board, and tuition wasonly three hundred dollars per quarter. Black livesin Mountain View, CA.Clinton L. Compere, SB'36, MD'37, professoremeritus of orthopedic surgery at NorthwesternUniversity Medical School, Chicago, lives in Tucson, AZ.Ruth Eddy Downey, PhB'36, and her husband, Fritz, of Jackson, MS, took a tour of thenational parks of Brazil sponsored by the WorldWildlife Fund.Louis L. Krafchik, MD'36, and his wife,Vivian, of Highland Park, NJ, have been marriedfor over fifty years. Krafchik has retired from hismedical practice and is clinical associate professorof pediatrics at Robert Wood Johnson MedicalSchool, the University of Medicine and Dentistryof New Jersey, Newark.Dorothy Ulrich Troubetzkoy, AB'36, of Richmond, VA, won the Golden Eagle Prize for her collection of poetry The Time We Drove All Night, andhas won several other prizes for individual poems.She frequently reads her poems and speaks forvarious organizations.Shirley Meyerovitz Zatz, SB'36, lives inChicago.O ^7 Norman H. Abrams, AB'37, is a consultantvl? / to the paper, plastic, and package converting industries. He is editorial adviser to ConvertingMagazine and writes a monthly column, "ValueAdded."Donna Donkle Baker, AB'37, enjoyed the fiftieth reunion of her class, where she visited withmany former classmates. She and her husband,John L. Baker, X'35, of Naples, FL, recently celebrated their fiftieth anniversary.Joseph J. Ceithaml, SB '37, PhD'41, retireddean of students of the biological sciences divisionof the University, helps raise medical student loanfunds in the University's medical alumni office.Barbara Hubbard Little, X'37, is retired andlives in Chicago. She enjoys traveling and visitingher sister, Jane Hubbard Soltesz, X'38, inClearwater, FL.Bernice von Horn Pollyea, SB '37, lives inSkokie, IL.Stephen Stepanchev, AB'37, AM'38, writesand lives in Flushing, NY.Thomas M. Torgerson, MD'37, of Santa Rosa,CA, received an award from the Lutheran Churchin America.OO Mamie Louise Anderzhon, PhB'38,\30 SM'48, of Shenandoah, IA, is active in theNational Council for Geographic Education. Sheis professor emeritus of geography at the IndianaUniversity of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA.Ralph P. Christenson, MD'38, lives in Beaver-ton, OR.The American Correctional Association hasestablished the annual Peter P. Lejins Award in thename of Peter P. Lejins, PhD'38. The award honors a researcher who has made substantial contributions to the field of corrections. Lejins and hiswife, Nora Muller Lejins, PhB'34, AM'35, of College Heights, MD, celebrated their golden anniversary last year. Both are retired and are members34 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988of the University of Chicago President's Club.Retha Rosenheimer Mason, AB'38, AM'45,and Robert A. Mason, X'38, formerly a teacher atthe University's Laboratory Schools, have beenmarried for over fifty years. They live in Tucson,AZ.WilliamH. McNeill, AB'38, AM'39, professoremeritus of history at the University, lives in Cole-brook, CT.Edward T. Myers, SB'38, and his wife, Laura,participated in the sesquicentennial celebration ofMyer's hometown, Pontiac, IL. They live in Matte-son, IL.Bonnie Breternitz Olson, AB'38, lives inBoston, MA.Jerome M. Sivesind, AB'38, is a semi-retiredtransportation consultant in Lafayette, CA.Jane Hubbard Soltesz, X'38. See 1937, BarbaraHubbard Little.OQ Martin Bronfenbrenner, PhD'39, spent\Jy three months as visiting professor of economics at the University of California, Irvine. Heis professor of international economics at Aoy-amagakuin University, Tokyo, Japan.Margaret Merrifield Clark, AB'39, of EstesPark, CO, traveled to Japan, China, and HongKong.Theodore K. Gleichman, X'39, received the1987 Minoru Yasui Community Volunteer Awardfrom the city of Denver, CO, in honor of his ongoing commitment and dedication to volunteerism.Gleichman is the founder of Friends of Children of Various Nations Adoption Agency, which hestarted in 1966 as an American Medical Association volunteer doctor in Vietnam. He also established the Aspen Lung Conference, and has beeninvolved in various civic and charity organizations. Gleichman is a physician in Denver, CO.Ruthadele La Tourrette Hauch, AM'39. See1934, Charles C. Hauch.Jerome S. Katzin, AB'39, JD'41, is chairman ofthe board of visitors of the Judaic Studies Endowment of the University of California, San Diego.He and his wife, Miriam Manchis Katzin, AB'39,live in La Jolla, CA.Frieda Panimon Simon, PhD'39, and her husband, Albert, live in Elgin, IL.Charles G. Steinke, MD'39, practices medicine in Iron Mountain, MI. He and his wife, Lorraine, have three children.SidneyG. Stern, SB'39, of Seal Beach, CA, hasretired from the practice of ophthalmology andotolaryngology. He is a member emeritus of theAmerican Academy of Ophthalmology.AC\ Seymour K. Coburn, SB'40, was invitedTI \J last summer with a group of corrosion engineers to lecture at various universities and to doproblem-solving in shipyards, oil refineries, andutility plants in China . Coburn is president of Corrosion Consultants, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA.Robert S. Miner, SB'40, and his wife, Kate,have returned from Brazil, where Miner, sent bythe International Executive Service Corps, helpeda Brazilian chemical company solve its technologi cal and managerial problems. The Miners live inWestfield, NJ.Elmer B. Potter, AM '40, of Annapolis, MD, isprofessor emeritus of history at the U.S. NavalAcademy, Annapolis, MD.Svea Gustafson Rydin, AB'40, lives in Mountain Home, AR.Mona Jane Wilson Schoch, SM'40. See 1978,EricB. Schoch.4*1 John E. Bex, X'41. See 1960, Martha E.rfcj. Church.Richard V. Bovbjerg, SB'41, PhD'49, of IowaCity, IA, is director of Iowa Lakeside Laboratory, abiological field station.Carl Q. Christol, PhD'41, traveled to Taiwan,Thailand, China, and Korea to participate in conferences and to give talks on international andU.S. constitutional law. His focus was on international space law and on arms control and disarmament. Christol is professor of international lawand political science at the University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles.Theodore E. Klitzke, AB'41, PhD'53, of Baltimore, MD, was a member of an education delegation that visited Nicaragua last year. It met withthe administration, faculty, and students of twouniversities; with opposition party leaders; andwith labor leaders and workers. Klitzke is deanemeritus of the Maryland Institute, Baltimore,MD.Albert Somit, AB'41, PhD'47, resigned aspresident and is distinguished service professor atFAMILY ALBUM-'88ArchieH. Jones, AM'49, PhD'54; Phyllis Jones; MichaelR. Jones, AM'83,PhD '88; and Sarah Steele. Betty Sawyer Badgett; Ann Badgett; M. V. Lee Badgett, AB '82; William F.Badgett, Jr., AB'88; his cousin, Jack C. Knight, Jr., AM'80; and William F.Badgett, Sr.Howard Paschall; Janis Paschall (rear); Ruth L. Heyer Martin, AB'85; RonaldM. Martin, PhD' 88 (rear); Alfred Heyer; Morris C. Martin (rear); VioletteHeyer; and Ben S. Meeker, AM'40. Elaine Goldman Mohr, AB'50, JD'54; and her daughter, Sandra Bulmash,MBA'88. (The late Sadie Lindenbaum Goldman was SB'21; the late David L.Mohr, PhB'53, MBA'55, JD'59; the late Esther Jaffe Mohr, PhB'18, JD'20;and the late George J. Mohr, SB'16, MD'18.)Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.A^J As vice-president of the Canadian chapterQZ. of the YMCA, Alfred J. Davis, AM'42, promoted the fiftieth anniversary celebration of thechapter. Last year in Washington, DC, he and hiswife, Merle, were one of three couples selected toassist the U.S. Postmaster General in the dedication of the special United Way stamp. The Daviseslive in Weston, Ontario, Canada.Carl W. Larsen, X'42, lives in San Diego, CA.Sarah Jane Peters Lind, SB '42, lives in LosAngeles.Henry (Hank) McWhorter, SB'42, MD'44. See1943, Jeanne Kreuder McWhorter.Phyllis L. Richards, AB'42, AM'50, is professor emeritus of home economics at the Universityof Texas at Austin.Norman Rudy, SB'42, MBA'47, PhD'52. See1943, Phyllis Greenburg Rudy.Edward Sternberg, MBA'42, as chairman ofValiant Office Furniture, Sydney, Australia, presented the Sydney Symphony Orchestra with adonation for its tour foundation. The SSO honored the donation by naming its next ball the Valiant Ball.A O Barbara Reece Anderson, PhB '43, SB'44,ofrl>3 Moraga, CA, traveled in northeastern Africa last summer, visiting the Masai and Kikuyupeoples in Kenya.Marvin D. Courtney, MD'43, retired, and hiswife, Trudie, traveled through the Panama Canaland spent some time in San Juan, Puerto Rico.They live in Coronado, FL.Deane R. Hinton, AB'43, is the U.S. ambassador to Costa Rica.Helen Berry Klotzbach, AB'43, lives in VeroBeach, FL.Richard L. Levin, AB'43, AM'47, PhD'75, ofHuntington, NY, received a senior National Endowment for the Humanities grant, with which heis investigating critical approaches to English Renaissance drama. Levin is professor of English atthe State University of New York at Stony Brook.Jeanne Kreuder McWhorter, X'43, and Henry(Hank) McWhorter, SB'42, MD'44, are enjoyingtheir retirement in Harbor Springs, MI.Phyllis Greenburg Rudy, SB '43, has retired asa psychiatric social worker with Ichilor Hospital,Tel Aviv, Israel. Norman Rudy, SB'42, MBA'47,PhD'52, teaches at Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv,Israel.Joanne Gerould Simpson, SB'43, SM'45,PhD'49, is president-elect of the AmericanMeteorological Society and is a member of theNational Academy of Engineering.Robert Ellsworth Smith, AB'43, lives in SanJose, Costa Rica.A symposium on conservation laws in physicswas held at Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, to honor Lincoln Wolfenstein, SB'43,SM'44, PhD'49. Among the four Nobel laureateswho spoke there were Owen Chamberlain,PhD'49; and James Cronin, SM'53, PhD'55, University Professor of Physics at the University ofChicago. Wolfenstein is professor of physics atCarnegie-Mellon.A A Betty Jane Everett Hewitt, PhB '44, and_L JL Charles H. Hewitt, AM'49, retired, enjoytraveling and community activities in Flint, MI.Konrad L. Kingshill, SM'44, has retired assenior vice-president of Payap University, ChiangMai, Thailand, where he is professor emeritus ofsociology and anthropology.Beverly Maxine Glenn Long, AB'44, is ofcounsel to the law firm Edwards & Angell, Providence, RI.Barbara Monser Ruml, AB'44, retired, is involved with the University of Chicago Club ofKansas City, MO.Carol Kousnetz Sterkin, SB'44, ofNorthridge, CA, works at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology,Pasadena, CA. A C George H. Klumpner, SB'45, MD'48, is aj!\J training and supervising analyst for theChicago Institute for Psychoanalysis and has a private psychoanalytic practice in Oak Park, IL.A/ Ann Bokman Akers, AB'46, SB'48,TrO PhD'51, is president of the Friends of theTulane University Library organization in NewOrleans, LA.Delbert M. Bates, AM'46, PhD'50, retired,and his wife, Roberta, live in Desert Shores, CA.Bernard A. Galler, PhB'46, SB'47, PhD'55,professor of computer and communication science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,is on sabbatical at Hebrew University, Jerusalem,Israel. Enid Harris Galler, AB'47, AM'50, interviews older people about their lives as a gift totheir children and grandchildren.Frances (Kitty) Cappon Geer, AB'46, AM'53,is professor of student personnel at the City University of New York, Queensborough CommunityCollege, New York City, and has a private practicein counseling and psychotherapy.Doris Lloyd Grosh, SB'46, is professor andacting department head of industrial engineeringat Kansas State University, Manhattan.Herbert S. Kadish, AB'46, of Austin, TX, is avocational rehabilitation consultant specializingin visual impairment.Maxine Mann Raine, AM'46. See 1954, WalterJ. (Zev) Raine.A rj Walter Bohan, SB'47, SM'49, is an associatejl/ in forensic meteorology, specializing inweather reconstruction for legal cases, at Climato-logical Consulting Corp., Asheville, NC.At the 1987 commencement exercises of theKansas State University College of Human Ecology, Joan Jones Coleman, MBA'47, PhD '54, received the University's Distinguished ServiceAward. Coleman is secretary-treasurer of Coleman Agrienterprises, Inc., Dumas, TX.Enid Harris Galler, AB'47, AM'50. See 1946,Bernard A. Galler.H. Robert Gemmer, DB'47, is vice-presidentof the St . Petersburg (FL) NA ACP and of the Council on Human Relations Board. He is also on the international board of Habitat for Humanity and hasreceived several awards honoring his work in thechurches of Florida. He and his wife, Myrna, livein St. Petersburg, FL.Paul Thomas Hacker, SM'47, has retired as research scientist from the Lewis Research Center,Cleveland, OH. He lives in Bella Vista, CA, wherehe enjoys golf, fishing, and bridge.Clyde G. Miller, SB'47, MD'51, is working ona demonstration project on the treatment of chronic mental illnesses for Santa Clara County in SanJose, CA.Sherwood P. Miller, SM'47, MD'49, of Merrick, NY, has retired from his practice of hematology and oncology in Bethpage, NY.Marcia Rike Reardan, PhB '47, is a grandmother and lives in Naples, FL.Jeremy A. Sarchet, AB'47, AM'49, PhD'51.See 1952, Bettie Belk Sarchet.Grant W. Urry, SB'47, PhD'53, received theAmerican Chemical Society's award for the mostoutstanding paper of the year in the History of Science Division. His subject was his former researchdirector, the late Herman I. Schlesinger, professoremeritus of chemistry at the University of Chicago. Urry is professor of chemistry at Tufts University, Medford, MA.A Q Roberto F. Fortuno, SB'48, MD'50. SeeTcO 1950, Jose A. Filos-Diaz.Richard W. Gable, AM'48, PhD'50, is chairman for 1988-89 of the academic senate for theUniversity of California. Gable is professor ofpolitical science at the University of California,Davis.Ernst L. Gayden, PhB '48, is associate professor of human ecology at the Huxley College ofEnvironmental Studies, Western WashingtonUniversity, Bellingham, WA. Ane Longstreet Hanley, AB'48, retired, livesin Bridgeport, CA.Herbert William Hey, PhB'48, AM'56, hasretired as special assistant to the president of Sangamon State University, Springfield, IL.Janet Benson Kaye, AB'48, AM'67, wasnamed learning disabilities teacher of the year bythe Colorado Council on Learning Disabilities andwas one of five persons nationwide selected to receive the Council for Learning Disabilities Awardfor Outstanding Teaching in Learning Disabilities.She also won a bronze medal at a statewide skiingcompetition for the third year in a row. She and herhusband, E. Donald Kaye, AB'49, live in Aurora,CO.T. D. Lingo, PhB'48, AM'51, is director of theDormant Brain Research and Development Laboratory, Black Hawk, CO.Gordon P. Martin, PhB'48, AM'52, retired, is aconsultant for academic libraries. He lives in Sacramento, CA.Donald E. Osterbrock, PhB'48, SB'48, SM'49,PhD'52, is president of the American Astronomical Society. Osterbrock is professor of astronomyand astrophysics at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and astronomer at the LickObservatory.Mona Spangler Phillips, AM'48, of ShakerHeights, OH, received her Ph.D. from Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, specializing in the history of science and technology.John H. Reynolds, SM'48, PhD'50, was onsabbatical for a year to measure noble gas isotopesin gas and water samples in New Mexico. Reynolds is professor of physics at the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley.William B. Stone, AB'48, AM'57, interviewedlast year by Jamaican television, conveyed his unofficial greetings from the Chicago Maroons to theAccompong Maroons, on the occasion of the lat-ter's anniversary celebration of two hundred andforty-nine years of militant independence. Stonelives in Gary, IN.Ralph J. Wood, Jr., AB'48, of Flossmoor, IL, ison the advisory committee to the Pension BenefitGuaranty Corp.Jerome M. Ziegler, AM'48, resigned as deanof the College of Human Ecology of Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, to return to writing and teaching there in the fields of urban economic and socialdevelopment, ethics, and public policy. He is alsoinvolved in work with at-risk high school dropouts and with national urban policy.^Q Michael A. Cann, AB'49, AM'53, is a psy-TT y chologist and a psychotherapist at the University of Massachusetts Health Services,Amherst, MA.James R. Carlson, MBA49, has been electedan officer of the Sara Lee Corp., Chicago. Carlsonis vice-president of strategy development of U.S.Foods, part of Sara Lee.John J. Carter, X'49, former mayor of LaurelPark, NC, received his second Second WindHall of Fame Award from the commissioners, thecivic association, and the citizens of Laurel Park.The award honors retirees' services to theircommunity.Owen Chamberlain, PhD'49. See 1943, Lincoln Wolfenstein.Hamilton L. Clark, MBA'49, retired, is involved in helping overseas patients who wish tocome to the United States for medical treatment.He lives in Rolling Meadows, IL.Carol Finkelhor Ferguson, AB'49, is lookingforward to her class reunion. She and her husband, William, have two children and live in Pittsburgh, PA.Charles H. Hewitt, AM'49. See 1944, BettyJane Everett Hewitt.Robert A. Hurwitch, AB'49, has retired toSanto Domingo, Dominican Republic, where hewas U.S. ambassador. He is active in international36 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988FAMILY ALBUM-'88Bess Kahn; Erin Kahn; Emily Kahn (in arms); Douglas L. Kahn, SM'81,MBA'88; Barbara Kahn; and James S. Kahn, PhD' 56. Norman Kroll; Marilyn Ehrlich Kroll, AM'69; Lauren Ivy Kroll, MBA'88;and Harry Major.business and submarine treasure hunting.E. Donald Kaye, AB'49. See 1948, Janet Benson Kaye.Lewis M. Killian, PhD'49, is president of theSouthern Sociological Society. He is a facultyassociate at the University of West Florida, Pensa-cola, and professor emeritus at the University ofMassachusetts, Amherst.Charles M. Little, AB'49, lives in San Francisco, CA.Murray A. Newman, SB'49, of West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, participated ina marine biological expedition to the islands ofMicronesia.Charles C. Norcross, AB'49, MBA'52, of Oakland, CA, works for the East Bay (CA) RegionalPark District.BoydC. Rembe, Jr., AB'49, of Evergreen, CO,has retired as vice-president of reinsurance at theNational Farmers Union Insurance Companies.Liane Brauch Russell, PhD'49, received theDistinguished Associate Award from the U.S. Department of Energy for her research accomplishments in mammalian genetics, reproductive anddevelopmental biology, and radiation biology.Russell has been president of the EnvironmentalMutagen Society and a delegate to the NationalAcademy of Science. She is Martin Marietta Corporate Research Fellow at the Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory, a research facility in Oak Ridge, TN.Lorraine D. Walling, AM'49, of Denver, CO,has been a volunteer, counselor, and social workerfor over fifty years. She is chairwoman of theseniors advisory committee of the Colorado Association of Home and Services for the Aging.Albert L. Weeks, AM'49, of New York City, hasappeared several times on television and in radiointerviews to discuss the "Gorbachev phenomenon" in the Soviet Union. He has completed acompendium of biographies of Soviet military officials for the Washington Institute, Washington,DC. His articles and a review of his book Brassey'sSoviet and Communist Quotations have appeared inseveral magazines, journals, and newspapers.Maurice I. Young, PhB'49, SB'49, has retiredas professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of Delaware, Newark,DE. He is consultant for NASA and several aerospace research firms.Cr\ Harmon B. Craig, SM'50, PhD'51, is co-\J\J recipient of the Vetlesen Prize given byColumbia University, New York City, for his workin earth science. Craig is professor of geochemistry and oceanography at Scripp's Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego.Ethel Hammond Curtis, AM'50, lives in Oakland, CA. Jose A. Filos-Diaz, MD'50, is chief of pulmonary diseases at the U. S. MEDDAC (Army MedicalDepartment Activity) in Panama. He was visitedby Roberto F. Fortuno, SB'48, MD'50, professor ofurology at the University of Puerto Rico, SanJuan.Janet Frazee Hayes, AM'50, is the former mayor of San Jose, CA, where she and her husband,Kenneth Hayes, MD'52, reside. Hayes was thefirst woman mayor of a major American city.Richard V. Hennes, AM'50, lives in Geneva,Switzerland.Edward E. Marcus, AM'50, PhD'76, presidentof the Environmental Coalition of Broward County (FL), serves on the advisory boards of the Salvation Army and of Habitat for Humanity. He is alsolay coordinator of older adult ministries for thedistrict council on ministries of the West PalmBeach (FL) District of the United MethodistChurch. He lives in Hollywood, FL.Anne Garvey Phillips, AB'50, lives in SantaMonica, CA.John J. Procknow, MD'50, "lives in peace,quiet, and beauty" in Puntarenas, Costa Rica.Charles A. Wegel, SB'50, lives in Peoria, IL.C"! Solon B. Cousins, Jr., AM'51, national ex-\D X ecutive director of the YMC A of the US A, inChicago, received the United Way of America's1987 National Professional Leadership Award.Cousins lives in Winnetka, IL.Irving Horwitz, AB'51, AM'54, of Chicago,has been named associate director of alumni relations at the University.In January, Robert D. Kestnbaum, AB'51, received the annual Charles S. Downs ChicagoDirect Marketer of the Year Award from the Chicago Association of Direct Marketing (CADM).Kestnbaum is president of the Chicago-baseddirect-marketing consulting company, Kestnbaum & Co.Paul Klassen, AM'51. See 1952, Leslie C.Rietz.Ernest D. Nielsen, PhD'51, is president emeritus of Grand View College, Des Moines, IA, wherehe also resides.F. Sherwood Rowland, SM'51, PhD'52, received the National Wildlife Federation's 1987National Conservation Achievement Award,in recognition of his theory that chlorofluoro-carbon gases deplete ozone, the gas that shieldsthe earth from ultraviolet radiation. Rowland isprofessor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine.Thomas Alexander Waldmann, AB'51, wasawarded the 1987 Simon M. Shubitz Cancer Prize,presented by the University of Chicago Cancer Research Foundation and the University of ChicagoCancer Research Center. In conjunction with the award, Waldmann gave the Shubitz Cancer Lecture. The award honors excellence in cancer research and brings to the University internationallyrespected scientists who have made contributionsto the study of cancer. Waldmann is chief of the metabolism branch of the National Cancer Institute ofthe National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.CO Dorothea Elmer Brown, AB'52. See 1979,\J A-m George Brown.Guy A. Franceschini, SM'52, of Caldwell, TX,has retired as professor of meteorology at Texas A& M University, College Station, TX.Kenneth Hayes, MD'52. See 1950, JanetFrazee Hayes.Leslie C. Rietz, AM'52, of Akron, OH, hasretired as executive director of the CatholicCharities/United Way family counseling agency inCanton, OH. He sometimes sees Donald Finn,AM'77, and Paul Klassen, AM'51.Kate Sarchet, daughter of Bettie Belk Sarchet,PhD'52, and Jeremy A. Sarchet, AB'47, AM'49,PhD'51, has joined her parents in their clinicalpsychology practice in Whittier, CA. The Sarchets'son, Bruce, is an attorney in Sacramento, CA.Louise W. Sivyer, AM'52, runs a tree farm andis active in local clubs and professional organizations in Lunenburg, VT.Kenneth S. Tollett, AB'52, JD'55, AM'58,received the Black College Act Award from theNational Association for Equal Opportunity inHigher Education (or his long commitment tostrengthening black colleges and universities. Heis member-at-large of the executive committee ofthe American section of the International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophyand is on the committee of the American Association of University Professors. Tollett is a professorat Howard University, Washington, DC.CO James Cronin, SM'53, PhD'55. See 1943,\JyJ Lincoln Wolfenstein.Thomas M. Ireland, AB'53, is director of adulttreatment at the Care Unit of Orlando, FL.Ruel F. Lehman, MBA'53, of Oak Park, IL, hasretired from his position at Peoples Energy Corp.,Chicago.Richard W. Saxe, AM'53, PhD'64, has beennamed distinguished university professor at theUniversity of Toledo, Toledo, OH, as part of UT'sProgram for Academic Excellence. The appointment is based on the criteria of teaching, research,and professional service. Saxe, whose researchand publications focus on relations betweenschool systems and their communities, is professor and chairman of educational administrationand supervision at UT.Helen Golden Silverman, AM'53, retired,volunteers for the American Civil Liberties Unionin West Lafayette, IN.37FAMILY ALBUM-'88William A. Blake, MBA'63; Molly E. Blake, SM'88; George Brabec; andPatricia Costello Blake.C A Jan A. De Bruyn, PhD'54, is professor ofC/TI plant physiology, dean of the faculty of science, and vice-president for operations at theUniversity of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, SouthAfrica.William T. Hudson, AM'54, chief of the U.S.Coast Guard's Office of Civil Rights, was appointed director of the U.S. Department of Transportation's Office of Civil Rights, Washington,DC . He received his M . A . in public administrationfrom the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.Ellsworth C. McClenachan, AB'54, SM'55, ison the board of directors of Arnox Corp. , New YorkCity, and is vice-commodore of the Indian HarborYacht Club, Greenwich, CT. McClenachan is pres-identof R. H. Carlson Company, Inc., Greenwich,CT.Walter J. (Zev) Raine, AM'54, PhD'56, teachesat the California School for Professional Psychology and at the Wright Institute, both in Berkeley,CA. He and Maxine Mann Raine, AM'46, retired,live in Walnut Creek, CA.CC Benjamin C. Boylston, AM'55, is vice-C/3 president of human resources at BethlehemSteel Corp., Bethlehem, PA.Robert A. Heavilin, AB'55, of West Hartford,CT, is a licensed psychologist.Daniel P. Kunitz, AB'55, AB'56, AM'61, andJoan Molner Kunitz, X'56, have a sixth grandchild. Joan is a child advocate for the Massachusetts Office for Children and Daniel teaches socialstudies and history at Newton North High School,Newtonville, MA.Robert K. LeBeck, MBA'55, lives in Sequim,WA.C (L Paul Glatzer, AB'56, AB'57, AM'58, re-C?U ceived the Member of the Year Award fromthe Bearded Collie Club of America for establishing and coordinating the Bearded Collie RescueProgram and Fund. He and his wife, Susan, ofSmithtown, NY, show and breed dogs.Leah Condit Graham, AB'56, of Oakland, CA,is a substitute teacher for the Oakland UnifiedSchool District.Michael J. Harrison, SM'56, PhD'60, is at LosAlamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, onsabbatical from Michigan State University, EastLansing, MI. He works in mathematical epidemiology in the theoretical biology and biophysicsgroup.Janet Lippincott Kneale, AB'56, MAT'56, wasnamed a Minnesota Outstanding School BoardMember by the Minnesota School Boards Association. She teaches learning disabled junior highschool students in Coon Rapids, MN.Joan Molner Kunitz, X'56. See 1955, Daniel P.Kunitz. Evelyn Meincke,AB'56, received herPh.D. in history from theState University of NewYork, Binghamton.CfT David Hall, son\D I of Michael A.Hall, AB'57, MBA'58,and Tricia Reilly, is inthe class of 1990 in theCollege. Hall and Reillylive in Appleton, WI.Vincent H. Jones,MBA'57, is a visiting lecturer at the EuropeanDivision, in centralGermany, of the University of Maryland,where he is associateprofessor.Ingeborg G. Mauksch,AM'57, PhD'69, is alecturer/consultant innursing and presidentof Redi-Care Home Services, Inc., a health agency in Fort Myers, FL.Walter A. Rosenkrantz, AB'57, SB'57, is professor of mathematics and statistics at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.CO Fujiolkado, DB'58, is dean of a new inter-\D O national studies school at Obelin College inTokyo, Japan. Ikado, a former Fulbright programcommissioner, is a senior member of the NationalBoard of Foreign Students Fellowships.Hezekiah Maloba Openda, SM'58, has retired from government service and has a sugarcane farm in Mumias, Kenya.Richard J. Pichler, SB'58, is plant engineer ofHigh Point Chemical Co. , High Point, NC.C Q C. David Peebles, JD'59, of Fort Wayne, IN,\jy is in the reference book The Best Laivyers inAmerica, in the field of bankruptcy law.Calvin W. Redekop, PhD'59, of Kitchener,Ontario, Canada, has retired as editor of Marketplace, a denominational business magazine. He isconducting research on entrepreneurship andwork attitudes.(Lf\ Martha E. Church, PhD'60, has receivedOV_» the first Order of the Thola Award from theAmerican Himalayan Trust Foundation in honorof her trek in the Himalayas and her commitmentto the American Himalayan Foundation, whichsupports the work of Sir Edmund Hillary's Himalayan Trust Foundation in providing food, shelter,medical supplies, and schools in the Himalayas.John E. Bex, X'41, executive director of the Orderof the Thola, presented her with the award.Church is president of Hood College, Frederick,MD.Harry M. Greenwood, AB'60, of Kapaa, HI, isthe first district specialist for special education forthe island of Kauai.William B. Hauser, SB'60, and his wife, Susan, have adopted three Korean sons. They live inRochester, NY.David L. James, JD'60, is senior partner andsenior corporate attorney of the Chicago law firmArnstein, Gluck, Lehr&Milligan.Richard W. Mintel, SB'60, PhD'65, and JudithKing Mintel, AB'70, JD'73, of Bloomington, IL,have produced several recordings for Chicago'sMusic of the Baroque.James R. Nelson, MFA'60, is executive directorof the Alabama School of Fine Arts, Birmingham,AL, and is a member of the National Endowmentfor the Arts Programs Advisory Committee.Nelson is visual arts critic for The Birmingham News,and state editor for The Atlanta Art Papers.Hugh Sheridan Plunkett, AB'60, AM'64, ofSpringfield, VA, is senior project officer of the Science and Technology Bureau of the U.S. Agencyfor International Development, Washington, DC. /''I Lee D. Filerman, AM'61, is director of ad-OJ- ministrative services for the city of NewYork's special services for children.Paul Donald Herring, AM'61, PhD'64, is thefirst holder of the John P. Collett Chair of Rhetoricat Wabash College, Crawfordsville, IN. The chairis named in honor of the president and treasurer ofCollett and Co . , Inc . , in Indianapolis, IN. Herring,who is chairman of the English department at Wabash College, is treasurer of the Indiana Teachersof Writing and a member of the executive board ofthe Indiana Committee of the Humanities.Jared M. Sonies, SM'61, of Centreville, VA,practices law in Fairfax County, VA.Wendell B. Stockdale, MBA' 61, sells commercial, industrial, and investment real estate andhandles mergers and acquisition activities forHicks Associates in Lancaster, PA.Margaret Swideck Strodtz, AM'61, of May-nard, IA, took a tour of Israel and Egypt./QJ. Hayden Boyd, AB'62, received a U.S. De-D £- partment of Commerce Silver Medal Awardfor his efforts toward removing an illegal importlaw. Boyd is director of the Office of ConsumerGoods in the department's international tradeadministration, Washington, DC.Ira J. Fistell, AB'62, JD'64, broadcasts the"Talk Radio" show for the American BroadcastingCompany in Los Angeles and has a daughter,Andrea.Donald E . Irish, PhD '62, has received a distinguished teacher award from the University ofWaterloo, Ontario, Canada, where he is professorof chemistry.Peter Jacobson, AB'62, lives in Berkeley, CA.Barbara Switalski Lesko, AB'62, AM'65, received a National Endowment for the Humanitiesgrant and a Mellon Foundation grant to fund theinternational Conference on Women in the Ancient Near East last November. Lesko is a researchassistant at Brown University, Providence, RI.Robert A. Moss, SM'62, PhD'63, has returnedfrom China, where he lectured at Shanghai, Tian-jin, and Beijing. Moss is professor of chemistryand associate dean of the natural sciences atRutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.Charles L. Nelson, AB'62, is chairman ofStandard Commercial Tobacco Services, Ltd., inLondon, England.Phyllis Levenstein Rothman, X'62, of LosAngeles, C A, is coordinating a new program at theEarly Childhood Center, Thalians, CA. She is apsychiatric social worker in Beverly Hills, CA.Innis Abrahamson Sande, SM'62, PhD'65, isassistant director of the business survey methodsdivision of Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada.Judith E. Stein, AB'62, AM'64, of Chicago, received the Blum-Kovler Foundation EducationalAward for her exceptional service to the studentsof Kenwood Academy, Chicago, where she teaches English./TO Airus Bergstrom, MBA'63, has retired asOO construction engineer at Valley Engineering, Logan, UT.Phanindramohan Das, PhD'63, of CollegeStation, TX, spent part of last year as a summerfaculty research fellow with the Electronic Systems Division of the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. He and his wife, Atri, have a granddaughter, Kerrie.Alice Arnott Oppen, MAT'63, of Sydney, Australia, is standing for her state parliament and ishelping to form the Envirovote campaign.David Raden, AM'63, is professor of behavioral sciences at Purdue University Calumet,Hammond, IN.£A Frank M. Clover, AM'64, PhD'66, is pro-Oa f essor of ancient history at the University ofWisconsin, Madison. Dorothy Wagner Clover,AM'64, is coordinator for the Westside Coalitionfor the Aging, Madison, WI.Gerard W. Heim, AM'64, priest in the dioceseof Harrisburg, PA, is serving at the International38 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988Marian Research Institute at the University ofDayton, OH.Teresa Jacas Kirschner, AM'64, PhD'73, ispresident of the Canadian Association of His-panists and is on the board of the Canadian Federation for the Humanities. She recently won theExcellence in Teaching Award of Simon FraserUniversity, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada,where she is associate professor of Spanish.Signe Olson Rich, AM'64, is director of redevelopment for the city of Albuquerque, NM.Linda Kersh Steigman, AB'64, practices socialwork in Philadelphia, PA. She and her husband,William F. Steigman, JD'65, live in Wynnewood,PA.if n William A. J. Adler, MBA'65, was namedOO 1987's Outstanding Management Consultant by the Midwest Society of Professional Consultants. He was awarded the Golden Eagle trophy for his skills in professional consulting. Adleris president of Adler and Associates, Managementand Marketing Engineers, Barrington, IL.David F. Feingold, AB'65, received a publicservice award from the Fund for the City of NewYork, an organization established to improve theperformance of government and government-related activities. Feingold, of Brooklyn, NY, isdeputy director of the housing preservation anddevelopment department of the Bushwick Neighborhood Preservation Office.Eric J. Gangloff, AB'65, PhD'73, is associateexecutive director of the Japan-U.S. FriendshipCommission, Washington, DC.Harold L. Jones, AM'65, is professor of education at Purdue University Calumet, Hammond,IN.Allan H. Perlman, MBA'65, is director of operational technology assessment at the Blue Cross/Blue Shield Association, Chicago.Rona R. Ruben, AB'65, AM'71. See 1976, Russell Hollander.Sharon Goldman Rubin, AB'65, AM'66, isdean of the School of Liberal Arts, Salisbury StateCollege, Salisbury, MD. She enjoys weekendswith her family in Columbia, MD.Eleanor Perlmutter Simpson, AB'65, is lawyer and coordinator of legal studies at WebsterUniversity, St. Louis, MO. Joseph R. Simpson,PhD'67, is associate professor of radiation oncology at Washington University Medical School, St.Louis, MO.William F. Steigman, JD'65. See 1964, LindaKersh Steigman.f r Gemino H. Abad, AM'66, PhD'70. SeeDO 1970, MaharMangahas.Richard H. Dominguez, MD'66, of Glen El-lyn, IL, received an honorary doctor of science degree from Houghton College, Houghton, NY.Robert G. Greaves, MBA'66, of Evanston, IL,has retired from R. R. Donnelley & Sons, Chicago.He spends time reading and sailing his boatCherubic.Peter J. Hauri, PhD'66, is on the staff of thesleep disorders center, Division of Thoractic Diseases and Internal Medicine, and in the Department of Psychology and Psychiatry at the MayoClinic, Rochester, MN.Anthony F. Philipps, AB'66, MD'70, has justreturned from sabbatical in Stockholm, Sweden,and is associate professor of pediatrics at theUniversity of Connecticut Health Center, Far-mington, CT. He and his wife live with their threechildren in Bloomfield, CT.David H. Rosenbloom, AM'66, PhD'69, hasbeen named distinguished professor of public administration at the Maxwell School of Citizenshipand Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse,NY.Nancy Barty Saunders, AB'66, received herPh.D. in clinical psychology from the State University of New York, Albany. She is in private practice in Swarthmore, PA.Catherine Heldt Zuckert, AM'66, PhD'70, has received a faculty development endowment tofund her research on Plato. Zucker is chairmanand professor of political science at Carleton College, Northfield, MN.f rj Steven F. Crockett, AM '67, and MargaretO/ Shields Crockett, AM'69, have three children and live in Bethesda, MD. Steven is an attorney for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commissionand Margaret is a therapist at a private mentalhealth clinic.James F. Fisher, AM'67, PhD'72, has receiveda faculty development endowment to fund thecompletion of his life-histories project of the Ne-palese Brahman revolutionaries. Fisher is professor of anthropology, director of Asian studies, andcoordinator of South Asian studies concentrationat Carleton College, Northfield, MN.Charlotte Hauch Hall, AM'67. See 1934,Charles C. Hauch.Donald C. Johnson, AM'67, is librarian of theAmes Library of South Asia at Wilson Library, theUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis.Eric R. Neisser, AB'67, is professor of law atthe School of Law of Rutgers, the State Universityof New Jersey, Newark.Nehemiah O. Nwankwo, MD'67, is in privatepractice in Kitwe, Zambia.Lawrence R. Okamura, AM'67, is assistantprofessor of history at the University of Missouri,Columbia.Rudolf Vilem Perina, AB'67, is director forEuropean and Soviet affairs in the National Security Council, Washington, DC. Last September,he accompanied Vice-President George Bush toPoland and Western Europe.Linda Roberts, AM'67, is a puppeteer andowner of Roberts Marionettes, Hinsdale, IL. She isalso an actress and a director of the Theatre ofWestern Springs.Virginia Samson-Carino, SM'67, is professorof zoology in the Institute of Biology, the Collegeof Science of the University of the Philippines atDiliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Her interestsare developmental biology and environmentalscience.Joseph R. Simpson, PhD'67. See 1965,Eleanor Perlmutter Simpson.Lynn H. Vogel, AB'67, and his wife, Lynn D.Carter, AM'77, MBA'77, have a daughter, JoannaGrace Vogel. Lynn Vogel is director of medicalcenter information services, the University ofChicago Hospitals. He has published articles ondecision support systems, expert systems, andstrategic planning in nonprofit organizations.RoyG. Wuchitech, AB'67, of Washington, DC,is deputy general counsel of the office of the Secretary of the U. S. Air Force.f Q David B. J. Adams, AM'68, PhD'77, is areaOO chief for East Asia and the Pacific for theCouncil for International Exchange of Scholars inWashington, DC. The council administers theFulbright scholarship program.W. Walton Jay, JD'68, was elected to the council of fellows of the National Contract Management Association of McLean, VA. Jay is associatedivision counsel for the electric boat division ofGeneral Dynamics Corp., Groton, CT.Eva Frost Kahana, PhD'68, received the firstDistinguished Mentorship Award from theGerontological Society of America for her contributions to pre- and post-doctoral students and forher help with social scientists nationally. Kahanais professor and chairperson of the sociology department at Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland, OH.Thomas G. Kessinger, AM'68, PhD'72, hasbeen appointed president of Haverford College,Haverford, PA.ThomasH.Kieren, MBA'68, is president of theManhattan Consulting Group, Inc., New YorkCity.Felipe B. Miranda, AM'68. See 1970, MaharMangahas. M. Assad Nezami-Nav, PhD'68, is a professorat Riyad University, Riyad, Saudi Arabia.John L. Randolph, AB'68, and Christina ArchRandolph, AB'68, AM'69, have a daughter,Katherine Rose. They live in Maiden, MA.J. Salvador-Burris, AM'68, PhD'77. See 1970,MaharMangahas.Alan J. Stone, ThM'68, DMN'70, is presidentof Alma College, Alma, MI.CJOk Charlene Chisek, AM'69, is a budget ana-\jy lyst for the financial management divisionof the military community of Neu Ulm, WestGermany.Cheryl A. Cohen, X'69, is a writer/editor inthe public affairs department of Mount Zion Hospital and Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.Douglas P. Crane, MBA'69, is chairman ofthe board of Xpertware, Inc., Mountain View, CA,and public safety commissioner for the city ofSaratoga, CA.Margaret Shields Crockett, AM'69. See 1967,Steven F. Crockett.Thomas J. Emerson, X'69, X'72, lives in Kendall Park, NJ.Jamie W. German, MAT'69, teaches chemistry, evolution, and the history and philosophy ofscience at Moses Brown School, a Friends' schoolin Providence, RI.Robert M. Hambourger, AB'69, is associateprofessor of religion at North Carolina State University, Raleigh. He and his wife, Lynda, havethree children.Deborah Sharp Hartmann, AB'69, and herhusband, Tom, have a daughter, Erica. Deborahis a clinical social worker in private practice inAlexandria, VA.Sharon Kapnick, AB'69, of New York City,writes food articles for various magazines. She isalso a copyreader at Time magazine and freelancesas an assistant editor at Food and Wine magazine.Mary Susan Leighton, AB'69, received herPh.D. from the University of Oregon and is assistant professor of education at Mount Saint Mary'sCollege, Emmitsburg, MD. She lives with her husband and two children in Bethesda, MD.Bernard J. Member, AB'69, is a pediatric he-matologist at Rutgers University, New Brunswick,NJ.Gregory J. Nigosian, X'69, is administrator ofthe Institute for Psychoanalysis, Chicago.Renee Ginsburg Rabinowitz, AM'69,PhD '74, is legal counsel for Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, combining her legal skills andacademic interests.Daniel S. P. Schubert, PhD'69, is editor of TheInternational Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine and amember of the American College of Psychiatrists.Schubert is associate professor of psychiatry atCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH. He and his wife, Nancy, andtheir son, Alex, live in Shaker Heights, OH.Ellen L. Silon, AB'69, of Littleton, CO, is aschool psychologist. She and her husband, SteveAxelrath, have a son, Sam Silon Axelrath.In October, Randolph B. Sim, AB'69, and hiswife, Diane, had a daughter, Rebecca Elizabeth.David P. Tepper, AB'69, of Berkeley, CA, ischairman of the mathematics department at DrewCollege Preparatory School, San Francisco, CA.Margaret Cott Zarrelli, AB'69, directs community service programs in several Missouricounties. She and her husband, Charles, have twodaughters and live in Miami, MO.Michael H. Zisser, AB'69, is president of theboard of University Settlement House, New YorkCity, the oldest settlement house in the UnitedStates.rj f\ Michio Araki, AM'70, PhD'82, is professor/ \J of comparative literature at the Universityof Tsukuba, Japan.Valerie Cramer Ciancio, AB'70, and her husband, Phil, have opened a tool and die shop, MarsMold & Tool, to manufacture plastic injection39molds, in Schaumburg, IL. They live in Schaum-burg and have a son, Russell.AndrewH. Connor, AM'70,JD'79, is a partnerwith Isham, Lincoln & Beale, a Chicago law firm.Thomas G. Cook, AM'70, PhD'75, lives inKampsville, IL.William J. Deputy, MBA'70, of New Buffalo,MI, is president of th& Williams Group, Inc., a private investment management/consulting firm inMichigan City, IN.Eileen and Edwin Crews (Pete) Douglass,AB'70, MD'74, announce the arrival of their newdaughter, Molly, from Korea. They live in Memphis, TN.Marc H. Fenton, AB'70, is managing partnerof Arrowstreet Environmental Design Corp., anarchitecture and planning firm in Cambridge,MA. He and his wife, Gail, live with their two children in Brookline, MA.John Edward Filer, AM'70, PhD'77, is professor of economics at the University of South Alabama, Mobile.John A. Gueguen, PhD'70, as coordinator oftranslations for the 1987 papal visit to the UnitedStates, set up translation teams to provideSpanish-language versions of the pope's addresses. Gueguen is professor of political science atIllinois State University, Normal.Anne Harris Hack, X'70, AB'78, is productionmanager at National Chromium, Putman, CT. Sheand her two children live in Worcester, MA.David J. Kirby, PhD'70, completed his thirdTwin City Marathon. He is a physician at the LongPrairie Medical Center, Long Prairie, MN.Timothy Lovain, AB'70, of Alexandria, VA, isvice-president and general counsel of Denny Miller & Associates, a government-relations consulting firm in Washington, DC. He is also vice-president of Zero Population Growth and acolumnist for The Miami Reporter.Mahar Mangahas, PhD'70, is president ofSocial Weather Stations (SWS), Quezon City,Philippines, a non-profit research institution specializing in social indicators. Committed to academic freedom and to openness of information,SWS is the most widely quoted source of public-opinion data in the Philippines. Other foundingfellows of SWS are Felipe B. Miranda, AM'68,vice-president; Gemino H. Abad, AM'66,PhD'70; and J. Salvador-Burris, AM'68, PhD'77.Judith King Mintel, AB'70, JD'73. See 1960,Richard W. Mintel.Harvey G. Pavlick, AM'70, is president of theAmerican Equity Council, Inc., Irvine, CA.Doreen Murakawa Rapp, AM'70, lives inWhite Plains, NY.Louise Rehling, AM'70, SM'74, is senior vice-president of product development and services atS.P.S.S. Inc., a computer software company inChicago.Arthur L. Reingold, AB'70, MD'76, is professor of epidemiology at the University of Californiaat Berkeley. He and his wife have two daughters.Kenneth M. Sakauye, AB'70, MD'74, is associate professor of psychiatry and director of geriatric psychiatry at Louisiana State University, NewOrleans. He is involved in the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry and the American Psychiatric Association.Leo Schlosberg, AB'70, and his wife, MaraleeGordon, have three children and live in Woodstock, IL. Schlosberg works in the architecturalconcrete business.Ralph M. Segall, MBA'70. See 1972, NancyThuringer Segall.In October, Fredrick L. Silverman, MAT'70,presented a lecture, "Mathematics and Reading:Arm in Arm in the Schools, " at the annual conference of the Louisiana Reading Association inShreveport, LA. Silverman is an associate professor at the University of Northern Colorado,Greeley, CO.George R. Weber, AB'70, is the principal part ner of the Geographic Applications and ResearchGroup in Boulder, CO, and is on staff of the Centerfor Community Development and Design at theUniversity of Colorado, Denver. He is completinghis Ph.D. in public administration at the University of Colorado.Mark L. Batshaw, MD'71, is W. T. GrantProfessor of Pediatrics and chief of the childdevelopment and rehabilitation division at theChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.Dale F. Eickelman, PhD'71, received a MacAr-thur Foundation Fellowship in international peaceand security studies and is spending the 1987-88academic year in the Arab Gulf and the UnitedKingdom. Eickelman is professor of anthropologyat New York University, New York City.Victor Friedman, AM'71, PhD'75, is chairmanof the Slavic languages department of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.John D. Hofbauer, AB'71, and his wife have asecond child, Alexander. Hofbauer is assistantclinical professor of opthalmology at the University of California, Los Angeles, and has a privatepractice in Beverly Hills, CA. .John W. Hough, JD'71, is chief of the naturalresources division of the Washington state attorney general's office, where he is assistant attorneygeneral. He lives with his wife and daughter inOlympia, WA.Dorothy Davies Johnson, MD'71, practicespediatrics in La Jolla, CA, and develops healtheducation programs. She and her family live inSan Diego, CA.Rasma Silde Karklins, AM'71, PhD'75, wonthe American Political Science Association's 1987Ralph J. Bunche Award for her book Ethnic Relations in the USSR: The Perspective from Below. Karklinsis associate professor of political science at theUniversity of Illinois at Chicago.Wojciech Komornicki, AB'71. See 1972, MaryHammond Komornicka.William Levitt, Jr., PhD'71, had an exhibit ofhis paintings, etchings, and aquatints at the Partner's Gallery, Bethesda, MD. Levitt is retiredchairman of the art department of Wagner College, New York City.William W. McGinty, MBA'71, is the countryhead of the West German office of First NationalBank of Chicago in Frankfurt.Robert A. Orlando, PhD'71, of NewportBeach, CA, is chairman of pathology and directorof laboratories for Summit Health, Ltd., WhittierHospital and Medical Center, Whittier, CA. He isalso medical director of NMS Pharmaceutical andAllergy Immunotechnologies and is president ofthe Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Group,Inc.Henry J. Prevot, MBA'71, is vice-presidentand general manager of LeSueur Foundry Co.,LeSueur, MN. He and his wife, Sharon, live inEdina, MN.Marilyn M. Richmond, AB'71, of Westwood,NJ, received her M.A. in computer science fromMontclair State College, Upper Montclair, NJ. Sheis an independent computer consultant.In October, Susan Seliger, AB'71, AM'72, andher husband, Peter McGrath, had a second son,Evan. Seliger is articles editor at Working MotherMagazine in New York City.In October, Barry Siskind, SM'71, PhD'72,and Maribeth Robinson Siskind, AM'71, had adaughter, Tamara Lynne. They live in Hauppauge,NY.David J. Spindel, AB'71, MBA'73, is marketing manager for electronic typewriters at XeroxCorp., Rochester, NY.Michael J. Tangney, MBA'71, is corporate vice-president of Colgate Palmolive Co. and is president and general manager of Colgate PalmoliveMexico.PaulA.Volberding, AB'71, is chief of AIDS ac tivities and oncology at San Francisco GeneralHospital, San Francisco, CA.Leonard Alan Zax, AB'71, and his wife, Helen, announce the birth of their second child,Laura Alexandra. Zax is a partner in the law firmFried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson in Washington, DC.Charles E. Allen, MBA'72, of West Bloom-field, MI, received America's Best andBright Young and Professional Men and Womenaward from the magazine, Black Enterprise, and wasselected as the 1988 director of the Michigan chapter of the American Automobile Association,Dearborn, MI. Allen is president and chief executive officer of First Independence National Bank ofDetroit, one of two Michigan minority-owned institutions. He is on the boards of several civic organizations and is a member of the Business-Industrial Committee of the United Negro CollegeFund.David Fenimore Anderson, SM'72, PhD'76,is professor of mathematics at the University ofTennessee, Knoxville.Jerome Bernard Brooks, PhD'72, is associateprofessor and chairman of the English departmentat the City College of New York, New York City.He is in the 1987 supplement of Marquis's Who'sWho in America.Bernie Burson, AB'72, of Sacramento, CA, is alegislative aid in the California state legislature.Sarah H. Warwick Charlock, AB'72, and herhusband, Thomas, of Newport News, VA, have adaughter, Anna. She writes that she is now"bringing all that Chicago intensity to bear oncooking, cleaning, and household organization."Daryl Andrew Daniels, MAT' 72, is press, culture, and educational exchanges officer for theU.S. Consulate General, Guengzhan, China.Emilie Fall, AB'72, AM'75, is a field attorneywith the Chicago office of the National Labor Relations Board.Martin Alan Friedman, AB'72, MAT'75. See1974, Diane Broadbent Friedman.Michael W. Howe, AM'72, PhD'75, is seniorvice-president of human resources for Health OneCorp., Minneapolis, MN.Ralph M. Jeffrey, AM'72, PhD'75, is assistantvice-president of Metropolitan Life InsuranceCo., New York City.In August, Peter A. Just, AB'72, and his wife,Anne, had a son, Benjamin Emanuel. Just is visiting assistant professor of anthropology at SetonHall University, South Orange, NJ.Charles P. Kaplan, AM'72, PhD'76, of SanAntonio, TX, was awarded the 1987 Outstanding Planning Achievement Award by the TexasAmerican Planning Association. He is chairmanof San Antonio's Historic Landmarks Preservation Incentives Committee.Mary Hammond Komornicka, AB'72, is manager of qualified plans sales support for I.D.S.Financial Services, Inc., St. Paul, MN. WojciechKomornicki, AB'71, is chairman of the mathematics department and director of the computer science program at Hamlin University, St. Paul.Janet M. Levin, AB'72. See 1974, Frank J.Gruber.John Louis Lister, AB'72. See 1982, Christopher J. Sandrolini.Edward Frank Madinger, AB'72, is programofficer for nutrition of UNICEF in Ethiopia. Heand his wife, Maria Dupraz, and their daughterlive in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.William Margrabe, AM'72, PhD'78, is a vice-president with Bankers Trust Co., New York City.Dennis F. Miller, AM'72, took a committee ofenergy experts to the Soviet Union for an energyconservation workshop sponsored by the EnergyEngineering Board of the National ResearchCouncil, of which he is executive director. Theworkshop resulted in a protocol signed by thechairman of the committee and the vice-presidentof the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Miller lives in40 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988Bethesda, MD.John F. Mooney, MBA 72, is vice-president ofthe human resources division of Peoples EnergyCorp., Chicago.Glenn G. Patterson, AB'72, is assistant districtchief for hydrologic investigations, U.S. Geological Survey, South Carolina District. He lives inColumbia, SC, with his wife, Elizabeth, and theirtwo daughters.Nancy Thuringer Segall, AM'72, and RalphM. Segall, MBA'70, have a daughter, Julie Kaufman. They live in Evanston, IL.Susan Bosworth Sheridan, AB'72, MBA'78,and her husband, Charles, have two children andlive in Falls Church, VA.Branimirl. Sikic, MD'72, his wife, Diane, andtheir three sons have returned to Stanford University, Stanford, CA, from a year's sabbatical in London, England. Sikic is associate professor of medicine at Stanford.James Cecil Simpson, Jr., MBA' 72, lives inLondon, England, with his wife and their threechildren.In October, Peggy Sullivan, PhD'72, was recognized by the Women's National Book Association in celebration of its seventieth anniversary.Sullivan is dean of the College of Professional Studies, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL.Ann Cory Bretz, PhD'73, of Indianapolis,IN, was a Pan Am Games volunteer. Sheteaches at the Irvington (IN) PresbyterianChurch.Palmira Johnson Brummett, AB'73, AM'75, isassistant professor of Middle Eastern history atthe University of Tennessee, Knoxville.Kathleen Ezolt Carle, AB'73, MBA81, is a ruling elder, and moderator of the budget and financecommittee, at Timber Ridge Presbyterian Church,Spring, TX.John L. Chastain, AB'73, and his wife,Georgene, have a daughter, Katherine Anne. Theylive in Falls Church, VA.John L. Cisne, PhD'73, and his wife, Robin,have two children, Joel and Nathaniel. Cisne isprofessor of geology at Cornell University, Ithaca,NY.William Sotelo Criss, MBA 73, is presidentand chief executive officer of Automated LaserSystems, Inc., Berkeley, CA, which is developinga computer-assisted laser system for performingnon-invasive micro-surgery within the eye.Michael C. Dorf, AB'73, of Chicago, has completed the direction and drafting of the city of Chicago's first cultural plan. He is now working on amusical based on the life of Charles Yerkes.Matthew M. Franckiewicz, JD'73, is an arbitrator in Pittsburgh, PA.Alicia J. Hetzner, AB'73, works for Cassidy &Associates, Inc., a lobbying firm in Washington,DC.Steven Michael Mencher, AB'73, of New YorkCity, is associate producer of "AT&T PresentsCarnegie Hall Tonight," a nationally syndicatedradio program.Paul N. Stenquist, AM'73, is a senior copywriter at McCaffrey & McCall Advertising, NewYork City.Cynthia S. Stuen, AM'73, is president-elect ofthe New York State Association of GerontologicalEducators for 1988-89. Stuen is associate directorof the National Center for Vision and Aging, TheLighthouse, New York City. She is a member ofseveral national organizations, has publishednumerous articles on learning, and serves on theeditorial board of The Gerontologist .In November, Kathleen Hicks Bartlett,AM' 74, and her husband, John, had twindaughters, Morgan Christine and MeganKathleen. They live in Spring Hill, FL.Alan Chill, AB'74, has a Los Angeles consulting firm, Systems Ludic, specializing in stressmanagement and organizational development.In January, Diane Broadbent Friedman, AB'74, and Martin Alan Friedman, AB'72,MAT'75, had their first child, Douglas Isaac. Martin is associate vice-president of Saint Lukes Hospital, Cleveland, OH, and Diane is a clinical nursespecialist (R.N., M.S.N.) in epilepsy and sleepdisorders at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation.Frank J. Gruber, AB'74, and Janet M. Levin,AB'72, are married and live in Santa Monica, CA.Gruber practices law in Beverly Hills, CA, andLevin is professor of philosophy at the Universityof Southern California, Los Angeles.Michelle Howard-Vital, AB'74, MAT'75, isdean of continuing education and non-traditionalprograms at Chicago State University, Chicago.She and her husband, Geri Vital, of Chicago, began their own graphic design business, VitalCommunications.Robert B. Jenkins, AB'74, specializes in personal injury law in Ontario, CA.Arthur G. Kidman, JD'74, is president of theCosta Mesa, CA, Chamber of Commerce. He is apartner and chairman of the business development committee at Rutan & Tucker, Costa Mesa,CA.E. Herbert Krug, MBA'74, president of Catalog Marketing Group, Evanston, IL, is a member ofthe Institute of Management Consultants. He is amember of the Direct Marketing Association, theChicago Association of Direct Marketing, and theJewish United Fund.Edward S. Linn, MD'74, is associate chairmanof the obstetrics-gynecology department and director of the women's health program at MichaelReese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago. Heand his family live in Evanston, IL.Marilee A. Melvin, AM'74, is special assistantto the U.S. attorney general at the Department ofJustice, Washington, DC. She covers policy areassuch as AIDS, rural community development, andwelfare reform.Carolyn Mies, AB'74, is assistant professor ofpathology and laboratory medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Jack L. Rutner, PhD'74, is vice-president ofthe economic consulting firm Joel Popkin & Co.,Washington, DC. He and his wife, Anna, havefour children.Eugene Ungar, MBA'74, is senior fuel consultant at the Florida Power & Light Co., Miami, FL.He is also chairman of the Florida Electric PowerCoordinating Group's Fuel Price Forecast TaskForce. He and his wife, Heidi, have two childrenand live in Miami.In November, Roger L. White, MD'74, spokeat the International Conference of Cardiology inBeijing, People's Republic of China. White is chiefof cardiology at Straub Hospital, Honolulu, HI.Daniel Willis, AB'74, received anM.B. A. in finance from New York University, New York City.He is a project manager for the Ratner Group, aNew York City real estate development firm.Amy J. Berk, MAT'75, is senior acquisitionseditor for ASCP Press, a Chicago-basedpublisher in anatomic and clinical pathology andlaboratory medicine. She is president of ChicagoWomen in Publishing, a professional associationthat helps women advance in their publishingcareers. Berk also teaches in the University ofChicago Publishing Program.Michele H. Bogart, AM'75, PhD'79, of NewYork City, received a grant from the AmericanCouncil of Learned Societies, with which she isstudying civic art of the early 1900s in New YorkCity. She is professor of art history at the StateUniversity of New York at Stony Brook and guestcurator of the Parrish Art Museum, Southampton,NY.Sally Kaplan Spector Canal, AB'75, is marriedand lives in Venice, Italy, where she is involved inarcheological research and excavations relating tothe origins of Venice. She recently taught a coursein Venetian architecture for Colgate University'sprogram in Venice. Janice K. Currie, PhD'75, chairs the women'sstudies program at Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.Dean S. Daskal, AB'75, is a partner in the lawfirm Powell, Goldstein, Frazer & Murphy, Atlanta, GA, specializing in trade regulation. He andhis wife, Nina Edidin, have a son, Benjamin.The first Hans Rosenhaupt Book Award,named in honor of the former president of theWoodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation, has been awarded to Ann Grodzins Gold,AB'75, for her book Fruitful Journeys: The Ways ofRajasthani Pilgrims. Gold is a post-doctoral fellowin the Department of Anthropology at CornellUniversity, Ithaca, NY.Earl Clifford Johnson, Jr., MBA'75, is assistantvice-president of labor relations at Peoples EnergyCorp., Chicago.Ellen L. Kaufman, AB'75, AM'76, is assistantclinical professor, field coordinator, and studentadviser in the School of Social Work, University ofSouthern California, Los Angeles.Dorothy Tuell Moore, PhD'75, is a freelancescience writer, editor, and consultant in the Washington, DC, area.Carlos G. Rizowy, AM'75, PhD'81, is chairman of the university educators division of theJewish United Fund, the largest Jewish philanthropic association in the Chicago metropolitanarea. Rizowy is a partner in the law firm Ray, Rizowy & Feuer.Michael F. Rodin, AB'75, is a partner in thelaw firm Preston, Thorgrimson, Ellis & Holman inSeattle, WA.Do you have any old copies ofCap and Gown?In preparation for the centennialwe would appreciate receivingany copies you don't wish to keep.Send to:Marlene TuttleRobie House5757 S. WoodlawnChicago, IL 60637Eric J. Rosenkranz, MBA'75, is a vice-president of Grey Advertising and is on the boardof directors of Grey Tokyo, in Japan. He and hiswife, Ellen Gordon Rosenkranz, AM'75, have ason, Ethan.Nancy Gierlich Shaw, AM'75, and her husband, Robert, of Watchung, NJ, have a son, JohnHenry. Shaw is assistant general counsel at Lincoln Federal Savings in Westfield, NJ.Emil M. Skodon, AB'75, MBA'76, is a politicalofficer at the United States Embassy in Vienna,Austria.Ira Charak, MBA'76, of Western Springs,IL, has retired as a member of the Board ofEducation of Lyons Township High School, LaGrange, IL. His son, David, is a junior in theCollege.Russell Hollander, AM'76, PhD'77, is associate professor of psychology and dean of the socialsciences division of Saint Martin's College, Lacey,WA, where his wife, Rona R. Ruben, AB'65,AM'71, is assistant professor of psychology. Theylive with their two children in Olympia, WA.Elizabeth Jensen Inayoshi, AB'76, MBA'79,and her husband, Shigematsu Inayoshi, had adaughter, Megan Kiku, in September. They live inHillsboro, OR. 'Joseph N. Jacir, MBA'76, is director of financefor the Mawarid Group in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.In August, Jonathan M. Jacobs, SB '76, mar-41ried Joy Koletsky. Jacobs is a senior analyst for theGeneral Research Corp. , in McLean, VA, where heand Koletsky live.Thomas J. McNamara, AB'76, is head of thelitigation department of the law firm Wingate &Cullen in Jericho, NY. He, his wife, Rosemary, andtheir daughter, Dana, live in Port Washington,NY.Evelyn C. Mulder-Kendall, AB'76, and herhusband, Stephen, have a second son, Jonathan.They live in Larchmont, NY.Anne L. Taylor, MD'76, of Dallas, TX, has adaughter, Alexandra.Mira Litwin Tomchik, AB'76, MBA'79, andKenneth J. Tomchik, AB'76, have a second daughter, Alison Gayle. They live in Chicago.Cathleen Noel Bairey, AB'77, and her husband, Robert H. Merz,. have a daughter,Alexa Elizabeth Merz. They live in Pacific Palisades, CA.Cynthia Boyd, AM'77, lives in Killara,Lynn D. Carter, AM'77, MBA'77. See 1967,Lynn H. Vogel.John W. Cogdill, AM'77, is regional inspectorgeneral of investigation for west and central Africafor the U.S. Agency for International Development, Dakar, Senegal.George Ryan Cooper, AB'77, received his J.D.from the University of Denver College of Law,Denver, CO. He is employed by Centennial Precious Metals of Denver, CO.Donald Finn, AM'77. See 1952, Leslie C.Rietz.Charles F. Harvey, AB'77, received his M.D.from Northwestern University Medical School,Chicago, where he was co-president of AlphaOmega Alpha, the national honor society of medical students; was named Surgical Student of theYear; and received the J. Reader Memorial Awardfor Academics and Leadership. He is a resident inneurosurgery at Northwestern Hospital.Linda Hughey Holt, MD'77, has a private obstetrics and gynecology practice in Evanston, IL.She and her husband, John A. Holt, associate professor in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the University, have two children and livein Wilmette, IL.Conrad D. Lawson, MBA'77, is assistant vice-president of transportation and exchange at theHouston-based subsidiary of MidCon ServicesCorp.David Layman, AB'77, is a graduate student inthe Department of Religion of Temple University,Philadelphia, PA, under a Russell ConwellFellowship.Jud Newborn, AM'77, of Plainview, NY, issenior researcher with the New York HolocaustMemorial Commission's Museum of Jewish Heritage: A Living Memorial to the Holocaust. Newborn is a Ph.D. candidate in the University'santhropology department.Leonard R. Oppenheimer, AB'77, MBA 80,and Lydia A. Schultz, AB'79, of St. Paul, MN,have a son, Daniel Schultz Oppenheimer. Oppenheimer is manager of budgeting and accounting of the Metropolitan Transit Commission,Minneapolis, MN. Schultz is a Ph.D. candidatein English at the University of Minnesota,Minneapolis.Silvia Pedraza-Bailey, AM'77, PhD'80, isassistant professor of sociology and American culture and director of Latino studies at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.David A. Shore, AM'77, is associate directorof the American College of Healthcare Executives,headquartered in Chicago.Mary Adams Toman, AB'77, is vice-presidentand foreign exchange advisor of the Bank ofAmerica, San Francisco, CA.Nadine C. Warner, daughter of Marion andKenrick V. Warner, MBA'77, is a student in theCollege. Kenrick is with Amoco Corp., Chicago. Stuart H. Whitaker, AB'77, MBA 80, is vice-president of Information Age Economics, Inc., aneconomic consulting service in Bethesda, MD.Ross A. Atwood, MBA'78, is president andchief executive officer of Atwood Enterprises, Inc., Richmond, CA. Christine MaryKurowski Atwood, MBA 80, is a consultant forTRW Financial Systems, Inc., Berkeley, CA.Margaret Cary Colarelli, AM '78. See 1979,Stephen M. Colarelli.Richard A. Crinzi, SM'78, practices oral surgery in Bellevue, WA, and is a part-time instructorat the University of Washington Dental School,Seattle, WA.Bruce Edward Fleming, AM'78, has returnedto the U. S. after two years as a Fulbright Lecturer atthe National University of Rwanda, in east centralAfrica. He is assistant professor of English at theU.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD.Brian H. Fluck, MBA'78, is treasurer of theAmerican Telephone & Telegraph Credit Corp.,Morristown, NJ.Tom Fraser, AB'78, is a student at the Northern Baptist Theological Seminary, Lombard, IL.Gary J. Frei, MD'78, and his wife, Vicki, had adaughter, Lauren Emilia, in July. Gary, who practices at the Bend Memorial Clinic, Bend, OR, is representing Oregon at the American College ofSurgeons Young Surgeons Conference.Debra Sadow Koenig, JD'78, and her husband, Steven, had a son, Jeffrey Louis, in June.Debra is a tax partner with the firm Godfrey &Kahn, S.C., Milwaukee, WI.Thomas W. Lukens, PhD'78, MD'80, and hiswife, Nancy, have a daughter, Zoe Elaine. Lukensis an attending physician at the Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital, Cleveland, OH.Richard L. Ptak, MBA'78, and his family live inNice, France.Jeri Korshak Rosinski, MBA'78, is director ofmarketing in the retail division of the Sara LeeCorp., Deerfield, IL.Darlene Montgomery Ryan, MBA'78, hasbeen made a partner in Arthur Andersen & Co.She is the first woman to be admitted as a tax partner in the Los Angeles branch.Eric B. Schoch, AM'78, of Indianapolis, IN, isa reporter for The Indianapolis Star. He is the son ofMona Jane Wilson Schoch, SM'40.Martin S. Simon, AB'78, of Seaside, CA, received the U.S. Navy Commendation Medal formeritorious service. He attends the U.S. NavalPost-Graduate School in Monterey, CA.Richard A. Albright, AB'79, is a politicalofficer at the United States embassy inVienna, Austria, where he is making the most ofthe opera, the music, and the mountains.Kenneth Bernstein, MBA'79, and his wife,Ginger, have a daughter, Rachel Austin. Kennethis a senior manager in the Dallas, TX, office ofErnst & Whinney.George Brown, MBA'79, son of DorotheaElmer Brown, AB'52, is married to PatriciaSteucek. He is northeast controller of ArnoldBakeries in Greenwich, CT.Nina L. Camic, AM'79, of Brookfield, WI,works in the Milwaukee, WI, office of Whyte &Hirschboeck.Stephen M. Colarelli, AM'79, received the1986 Summer Research Fellow and the 1987 University Research Professor/Research AssociateAwards from Central Michigan University, MountPleasant, MI, for his work on organizational staffing practices. Colarelli received his Ph.D. in organizational psychology from New York University, New York City, and is assistant professor ofpsychology at Central Michigan University. Helives with his wife, Margaret Cary Colarelli,AM'78, and their daughter, Catherine, in MountPleasant, MI.Melinda Ann Corey, AB'79, AM '82, andGeorge Ochoa, AM '82, are married and living inNew York City. Fanny Crawford, AB'79, is a health specialistwith the Region III Head Start Resource and Training Center, University of Maryland, College Park,MD. She and her husband, Jose Rosapepe, havetwo children.Sara E. Davis, AB'79, and her husband,Stephen Bache, have a daughter, Kathryn GraceBache. They live in La Verne, CA.Robert H. Dewing, MBA'79, and Debra OliverDewing, MBA 80, are married and live in Canterbury, Australia. Robert is general managerand vice-president of Citibank Australia inMelbourne.Michael A. Donnella, JD'79, of Maplewood,NJ, has a daughter. He is an attorney with theAmerican Telephone & Telegraph Co. in BaskingRidge, NJ.Harry N. (Hal) Fisher, AB'79, was married toMaria Sudekum in May. They reside in Helena,MT.Mark David Handel, AB'79, a research assistant at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge, spent time working for the hurricaneresearch division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association in Miami, FL. He recentlyvisited Eric Charles Robinson, AB'83, in Japan.David B. Harrison, AB'79, MD'83, and hiswife, Gigi, have a daughter, Cassandra. David hasa private practice in pediatrics in Coral Springs,CA.Lisa Gurk Herman, MBA'79, and Michael F.Herman, PhD'80, have a son, Peter Benjamin.Lisa is a marketing manager at Luzianne BluePlate Foods and Mike is a professor at Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.Bonnie Sprankle Oppenheimer, MAT'79, andSeth F. Oppenheimer, AB'82, have a son, AlbertClark. Seth has received his Ph.D. in mathematicsfrom the University of Texas, Austin, where Bonnie is working on her Ph.D. in secondarymathematics.Gregory River, AB'79, lives in San Francisco,CA.Kim Anne Robson, AB'79, works for the Defense Mapping Agency, Washington, DC. Robsonand her husband, Brian Nickols, live in Annan-dale, VA.MaryH. Samuels, AB'79, was married to ScottIsrael in September. Samuels is completing herendocrinology fellowship at the University ofColorado, Denver.Andrew O. Schreiber, MD'79, is in neurologypractice in Corona Del Mar, CA.Lydia A. Schultz, AB'79. See 1977, Leonard R.Oppenheimer.Cynthia Lois Sternau, AB'79, is an editor forOutlet Book Company, New York City.William Peter Stewart, MBA'79, received hisPh.D. from the University of Arizona and is assistant professor in the College of Agriculture at TexasA & M University, College Station, TX.JaneJ.Tannenbaum, AB'79, is chief of the visabranch in the consular section of the U. S. embassyin Buenos Aires, Argentina.Susanne and Kenneth McNeill Taylor, Jr.,JD'79, had a son, Daniel Adolphus, in September.Taylor is division patent counsel of telecommunications for Corning Glass Works, Corning, NY.Christine Mary Kurowski Atwood,MBA'80. See 1978, Ross A. Atwood.Robert A. Cannon, AB'80, and Teresa Harawere married last June. Cannon is assistant vice-president of Westpac Banking Corp. in Chicago.David R. Cross, JD'80, is a partner in the Milwaukee law firm Quarles & Brady, practicing inthe area of litigation.Debra Oliver Dewing, MBA'80. See 1979, Robert H. Dewing.Michael F. Herman, PhD'80. See 1979, LisaGurk Herman.In November, James W. Hinderaker, MBA'80,and Susan Cornelius Hinderaker, AB'80,42 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988MBA'85, had a son, Andrew James. James is vice-president at First Chicago Corporation NationalBank, Chicago.Christine H. Poggianti, MBA'80. See 1980,Laurence I. Schulman.Victoria A. Powers, AB'80, is assistant professor at Emory University, Atlanta, GA.William B. Redpath, MBA'80, is manager of asset appraisals for Broadcast Investment Analysts,Inc., a Washington, DC, consulting firm.Catherine A. Ringwood, AM '80, is director ofhuman resources at the Sheltered Workshop, Inc . ,a Binghamton, NY, not-for-profit company whichprovides employment for the handicapped.Miriam Schuchman, AB'80, is a resident inpsychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital,Boston, MA.Laurence I. Schulman, MBA'80, and ChristineH. Poggianti, MBA'80, of Chicago, had a daughter,Katherine, in September.Jasprit Singh, SM'80, PhD'81, is associateprofessor at the School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, AnnArbor.David L. Skelding, AB'80, is married to KarenJ. Deighan. Skelding is an associate at Lord, Bissell& Brook, a Chicago law firm.Ronald G. Stein, MBA'80, is director of advertising at Royal Crown Cola Co., Rolling Meadows,IL.Sharon Schreiber Tucker, PhD'80. See 1982,Eliot S. Asser.Andrew Wasser, AB'80. See 1983, Theresa Elliott Wasser.Nancy Bodine Wolcott, MBA'80, is senior vice-president of Harris Bank, Chicago, heading thebank's trust-operations group.Agnes Kit-Ying Tai Wong, MBA'80, hasformed her own company, P.A.W. International,Pty. Ltd., a consulting service. Patrick Man-NingWong, MBA 81, is regional marketing manager forDow Chemical Co. in North Sydney, Australia.Samuel A. Abrash, AB'81, is a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, where he lives with his wife,Janet R.Hebil.James Michael Anderson, MBA'81, is directorof security and internal information for Mead DataCentral, Inc., Dayton, OH.James Lloyd Dillon, MBA'81, of La GrangePark, IL, has twin sons, James III and Douglas.Patricia Dwyer-Hallquist, PhD'81, and herhusband, Tom Hallquist, had a son, ChristopherHallquist, in June. They live in Butte Des Morts,WI.Gary J. Gagliardi, AB'81, is a resident in internal medicine at Indiana University Hospital, Indianapolis, IN.Mitchell P. Gilaty, MBA'81, works in the corporate finance section of Salomon Brothers, Inc.,New York City, where he lives with his wife,Susan.Jeffrey F. Granger, MD'81, has a private orthopedic surgery practice in Logansport, IN. He andhis wife, Carol, have a daughter, Erin Kathleen.Jean Dow Haynes, JD'81, is a partner in thefirm Kirkland & Ellis, Chicago.Peter M. Hendricks, MBA'81, of WalnutCreek, CA, is manager of chemical treatment andprocessing at the Martinez, CA, office of International Technology Corp.Laura A. Horstman, MBA'81, is manager ofleasing and administration in the facilities-management department of Salomon Brothers,Inc., in New York City.Lindsey Lee Johnson, AB'81, is a lobbyist inWashington, DC.Joan W. Lacktis, PhD'81, is a researcher at theJerry Lewis Neuro-Muscular Center at the University of California, Los Angeles.Daniel I. Loube, AB'81, is a resident in internal medicine at William Beaumont Army Hospital,El Paso, TX. Renee Colwill Lovelace, MBA'81, graduatedfrom the University of Texas Law School, Austin,and is an associate in the corporate division of thelaw firm Jenkens & Gilchrist, Dallas, TX. She ismarried to Joe Lovelace and has two stepchildren.Barbara E. Lovitts, AB'81, is program associate of the project on liberal education and thesciences at the American Association for theAdvancement of Science, Washington, DC.In November, Linda L. Lum, AM'81, of Chicago, was involved in the conference, "Developments in China." She has also edited the proceedings of another conference on human rights inAsia.Douglas E. Markham, JD'81, of Houston, TX,recently traveled to Karachi, Pakistan, to see MarkRobinson, AB'83, MBA'84, who is a corporate loanofficer for the Citibank Corp.Stephen May, AB'81, taught a mathematicscourse on a U.S. Navy destroyer in the Gulf ofOman . May is an assistant lecturer at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles.Gregory A. Movesian, AM'81, of Denver, CO,is vice-president of the western region operationsof the Martin T. Moran Company, Inc., New YorkCity.Wendy Beth Oliver, AB'81, graduated fromDuke University School of Law. She has returnedfrom traveling in Peru and Guatemala to practicewith Miller, Nash, Wiener, Hager & Carlsen inPortland, OR.Oliver R. W. Pergams, AB'81, and Michael E.Davis, MBA'83, own Chicago Options Associates, Inc., a commodities and securities firm withoffices in Chicago and Philadelphia.Mary C. Phillips, AB'81, is assistant vice-president and manager of the Munster branchof the First National Bank of East Chicago, EastChicago, IN.Jennifer Cattroll Scanlon, AB'81, is directorof admissions for the Sacred Heart Schools, aprivate, independent Catholic institution inChicago.Read Schusky, AB '81, is a member of the United Fruit Company, a gay men's street-theatergroup in Boston, MA.Patrick Man-Ning Wong, MBA'81. See 1980,Agnes Kit-Ying Tai Wong.Eliot S. Asser, PhD'82, is director of thecommunications division of Corroon &Black Consulting Group, St. Louis, MO. His wife,Sharon Schreiber Tucker, PhD'80, is director ofcompensation and organization consulting for thesame firm.Jay Edward Barish, AB'82, has received hisM.B. A. from the University of Colorado. He is enrolled at the University of Colorado School of Law,Boulder.(Mary) Lisa de Gruyter, PhD'82, is manager ofnetworks and systems of the Texas State Library,Austin, TX.Patrick P. Dinardo, JD'82. See 1982, GeoffreyEtheringtonlll.Geoffrey Etherington III, JD'82, and his wife,Mary Beth Jacques, live in Newton, MA.Etherington and Patrick P. Dinardo, JD'82, attended the wedding of Michael XW. Youkon,JD'82.Katherine Fultz, AB'82, is a development researcher for Harvard University in Boston, MA.Michael J. Gerhardt, JD'82, is assistant professor of law at Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, where he teaches constitutional law.Jonathan E. Goodman, AB'82, is a securitiesspecialist at Bear Stearns and Co., New York City.Duncan Raymond Groebe, AB'82, is completing his Ph.D. in biochemistry at the University ofIllinois. Elizabeth Baker Groebe, AB'83, is a family practice resident at Shady Side Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA.Anthony-Samuel Lamantia, AB'82, has begun a post-doctoral fellowship in the Departmentof Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington Uni versity School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.Scott J. Lederman, JD'82, and his wife, Jane,have a daughter, Rebecca Jeannette. They live inChicago.George Ochoa, AM'82. See 1979, MelindaAnn Corey.Seth F. Oppenheimer, AB'82. See 1979, Bonnie Sprankle Oppenheimer.Lawrence J. Pincsak, AB'82, and Joanne E.Zienty were married in June 1987. They live inGlendale Heights, IL.Andrew Rothman, AB'82, is an associate producer for the CBS Morning News, New York City.Paul L. Sandberg, JD'82, MBA'82, practiceslaw with Denton, Hall, Burgin & Warrens, LosAngeles.Christopher J. Sandrolini, AB'82, is apoliticalofficer at the U. S. embassy in New Delhi, India . Hewas visited by John Louis Lister, AB'72, who is aforeign-service officer based in Washington, DC.Robert A. Wert, MBA'82, is assistant vice-president of Butcher & Singer, Inc., Reading, PA.Michael W. Youkon, JD'82. See 1982, GeoffreyEtheringtonlll.Robert J. Boland, AB'83, MBA 87, and BethZimmerman Boland, AB'85, JD'88, aremarried and live in Bronxville, NY. Robert worksfor the finance and corporate strategy group atMerrill Lynch & Co., New York City, and Beth isbeginning a judicial clerkship.(Leonard) Andrew Cooper, AB'83, of the U.S.Navy, has returned from a special operations deployment in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, aboardthe U. S. S. Hod.Michael E. Davis, MBA'83. See 1981, Oliver R.W. Pergams.Patricio A. De Solminihac, MBA'83, and (Maria) Isabel Sierralta De Solminihac, MBA'83, havetwo children and live in Santiago, Chile.Robert A. Eisthen, AB'83, is an M.B. A. student at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth,TX.Elizabeth Baker Groebe, AB'83. See 1982,Duncan Raymond Groebe.Stephanie H. Levy, AB'83, is a graduatestudent in comparative literature at PrincetonUniversity, Princeton, NJ.Andrew C. MacLachlan, AB'83, graduatedfrom the Boston University School of Law and theNaval Justice School, Boston, MA, and is an attorney in the U.S. Marine Corps, Okinawa, Japan.Robert Migliore, AB'83, is an electronics engineer at the U.S. Naval Base, Philadelphia, PA.Eric Charles Robinson, AB'83. See 1979, MarkDavid Handel.Mark Robinson, AB'83, MBA'84. See 1981,Douglas E. Markham.Theresa Elliott Wasser, AB'83, and AndrewWasser, AB'80, have a son, Benjamin Isaac. Theylive in Pittsburgh, PA.Cynthia J. Cobb Benedict, AB'84, is administrator for public affairs and internshipsfor the Energy and Environmental Policy Centerat the John F. Kennedy School of Government,Cambridge, MA.Laura L. Britton, AM'84, is an attorney withDechert, Price & Rhoads, Washington, DC.Philippe C. Burke, MBA'84, is an associate atBankers Trust Co., New York City.H. Mark Delman, AB'84, is an account executive with Bloom Companies, New York City.Teresa L. Ferguson, PhD'84, of Palos VerdesEstates, CA, is manager of market research for theMobile Star Program of Hughes Communications,Inc.Peter C. Keenoy, MBA'84, is vice-president inthe leveraged buy-out group of General ElectricCapital Corp., New York City.Dorothy Blanchard Lyon, AM'84, works atManufacturers Hanover Trust in New York City.Peter F. McCarthy, AB'84, of Chicago, is a licensed electrician. Last year he was named Dean'sScholar at the De Paul College of Law, De Paul Uni-43versity, Chicago.George J. Nikopoulos, AB'84, of Houston,TX, is a medical student at the University of TexasMedical Branch, Galveston.Ami N. Salk, MBA'84, has relocated to theFirst National Bank of Chicago's European, Middle Eastern, and African headquarters in London,England.In October, Quentin B. Samelson, MBA'84,and his wife, Maria, had a daughter, Megan Danielle, who joins their son, Mark. They are buildinga house and live in Palatine, IL.Mark Steven Shapiro, AB'84, is a doctoral student in physiology at Rush-Presbyterian-St.Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, with a pre-doctoral fellowship from the National Institutes ofHealth.Gilberto Artioli, PhD'85, is a research assistant in the Institute of Mineralogy, University of Modena, Italy.David P. Bart, AB'85, and Julia Beth Kamish,AB'87, were married last March in Bond Chapel atthe University. Bart is enrolled in the GraduateSchool of Business 190-MBA program.Alexander H. Beck, AB'85, has been named tothe dean's list at the Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Kent College of Law, Chicago.Beth Zimmerman Boland, AB'85, JD'88. See1983, Robert J. Boland.Salim M. Edde, MBA 85, has his own scientificand financial software development company inParis, France.Carol Meylan Kelly, MBA 85, is manager ofbusiness analysis for MCI Telecommunications,Inc., San Francisco, CA. Her husband, Robert W.Kelly, MBA'85, is district manager of AmericanAppraisal Associates, Inc.David M. Luna, JD'85, is a staff attorney inChicago and has a daughter.Jennifer Magnabosco, AB'85, AM'85, andDavid Richard Friedland, AB'87, were married inNovember. Magnabosco is an account executivewith Wunderman Worldwide and Friedland is anM.D./Ph.D. student at Mt. Sinai Medical Center,New York City.Jonathan M. Miller, AB'85, is married toKarin Evans. Miller is a graduate student of musichistory under a William R. Kenan, Jr., fellowshipat the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.Eleanor R. Smith, AB'85, of Wynantskill, NY,is working on her Ph. D. in social psychology at theState University of New York, Albany.Dennis Glenn Werner, AB'85, and his wife,Ann, live in Chicago. Werner is a student at theWilliam M. Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine,Chicago.Nancy Ann Carst, AM '86, is a social workerat the Children's Hospital Medical Centerof Akron, OH.Mark Gerstein, AB'86. See 1986, Jonathan S.Steigman.Lester R. Goodchild, PhD'86, has receivednational awards from the Association for theStudy of Higher Education and the American Educational Research Association for his doctoraldissertation. Goodchild is director of suburbancampuses at De Paul University, Chicago.David Jonathan Miller, MBA'86, and his wife,Katherine, have a daughter. David is manager ofprogram finance for Litton Computer Services,Reston, VA.Mark R. Polelle, AB'86, is a graduate studentin history at Rutgers University, New Brunswick,NJ.Jess D. Ray, MBA'86, is vice-president of themarketing, sales, and promotion-managementdivision of A. C. Nielsen, Northshore, IL.Adena B. Schutzberg, AB'86, is studying for amaster's degree in geography at PennsylvaniaState University, University Park, PA.Jeffrey Allen Sirota, MBA'86, manages thetrading desk of the American National Bank andTrust Co. of Chicago and attends law school. Peyton W. Stafford, AM'86, is regional director of the select library division of Grolier Educational Corp., for the states of Oregon and Washington. Stafford lives in Portland, OR.Jonathan S. Steigman, AB'86, of Los Angeles,makes television commercials and is a professional magician. He and Mark Gerstein, AB'86, areforming their own production company.Paul Weinberg, MBA'86, is an associate in public finance at Thomson McKinnon Securities, Inc.,in New York City, where he lives with his wife,Ruth Ann Goldner.David K. Callahan, AB'87, attends themilitary intelligence basic course at FortHuachuca, AZ.Richard Mark Diller, AB'87, is working on hismasters of theological studies degree at HarvardUniversity Divinity School, Cambridge, MA.David Richard Friedland, AB'87. See 1985,Jennifer Magnabosco.James Andrew Graf, AB'87, is a financial analyst in the real estate group at Morgan Stanley &Co., New York City. Also see 1987, Geoffrey OtisSherry.Julia Beth Kamish, AB'87. See 1985, David P.Bart.David Todd Ketsdever, AB'87, is a financialanalyst in the public utilities department at Gold-DEATHSFACULTYD. Jerome Fisher, professor emeritus in theDepartment of Geophysical Sciences, died in January. He was ninety-one years old.John R. Ginther, PhD'52, associate professoremeritus of education, died in January at the age ofsixty-five. He was a member of the Universityfaculty in the Department of Education from 1958to 1982. His research included several studies onteaching methods and innovative work on theuses of computers in research.Israel N. Herstein, professor in the Department of Mathematics and the College, died in February at the age of sixty-four. An internationallyrecognized expert in the field of algebra, he wroteover one hundred papers and trained thirty Ph.D.students. His book Topics in Algebra is consideredone of the best undergraduate textbooks today. Hejoined the University's faculty in 1962.Joseph J. Schwab, PhB'30, SM'36, PhD'38,William Rainey Harper Professor Emeritus ofNatural Sciences and professor emeritus in theDepartment of Education, died in April at the ageof seventy-nine. As an authority on the philosophy of education and on the science education, hewrote widely and published several books onthese subjects. He taught natural sciences at theUniversity from 1937 until his retirement in 1974,winning the Quantrell Award for Excellence inTeaching in 1938 and again in 1965.Joseph A. Sittler, AM'66, professor emeritusin the Divinity School, died in December at the ageof eighty-three. A noted Lutheran theologian, hewas especially known for his work focusing on therelationship between religion and ecology. He received eleven honorary degrees from various institutions and since 1973 was Distinguished Professor in Residence at the Lutheran School ofTheology. He was a member of the University'sfaculty from 1957 to 1973.Sewall Wright, Ernest D. Burton Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus in the Department of Zoology, died in March at the age ofninety-eight. Widely regarded as the foremostAmerican evolutionary theorist of this century, he man, Sachs & Co., New York City. Also see 1987,Geoffrey Otis Sherry.David Ming-Chi Lee, MBA'87, is an associatefor Bankers Trust and Company, Tokyo, Japan.Daniel Hamilton Lerner, AB'87, is a financialanalyst in the mergers and acquisitions department at Salomon Brothers, New York City. Alsosee 1987, Geoffrey Otis Sherry.John Shepard, MBA'87, and his wife,Margaret, have a son, William Duncan. They livein Atlanta, GA.Geoffrey Otis Sherry, AB'87, is a financial analyst in the merchant banking group at MorganStanley & Co., Inc., New York City. He and classmates James Andrew Graf, AB'87; David ToddKetsdever, AB'87; and Daniel Hamilton Lerner,AB'87, live together in New York City.Kim L. Shively, AB'87, is assistant editor ofCricket, a children's magazine published in Peru,IL. Kim was Class News editor for the Magazinewhile in the College.Dan Sokol, MBA'87, is an associate specializing in global trade and commodity finance at theFrench American Banking Corp., a subsidiary ofthe Banque Nationale de Paris, in New York City.Rochelle M. Wagner, AB'87, is a teaching fellow in biology at Phillips Academy in Andover,MA.established a mathematical basis for evolution,helping to create the field of population genetics.He was a member of the faculty of the Universityfrom 1926 until 1954.Raymond E. Zirkle, professor emeritus in theDepartment of Biophysics, died in March. He waseighty-six years old.STAFFRuth G. Halloran, X'49, former associate director of alumni relations, died in May at the age ofseventy. She retired from the Office of Alumni Relations in June 1987, having started work there asan office manager in 1949. She was appointed assistant director in 1978, and associate director thefollowing year.Rita Koplowitz Headrick, AM'76, PhD '87,died in February at the age of forty-five. She hadbeen a social studies teacher at the University'sMiddle School of the Laboratory Schools since1982.THE CLASSES1910-1919Helen Street Perlee, PhB '14, January.Raymond Wilson, SB '16, February.Evelyn Wickham Hale, SM'17, January.Edith Abernethy Moore, PhB'17, February.Azile (Peg) Barrow Winkler, PhB'17, December.James H. Potter, AM '18, January.Agnes Prentice Smith, PhB '18, February.FredM. Jewell, SM'19, October.1920-1929John Paul Yost, PhB '20, March.Clifton S. Hardy, PhB '21, November.Sadie Combs Krause, AM'22.Reuell. Lund, MBA'22, December.Jessie Lanbrechts Schleich, PhB '22, January.Margaret Herndon O'Connell, PhB'23.Fredda D. Reed, SM'23, PhB'24, March.Edna A. Staudinger, PhB'23, January.Ferol E. Potter, PhB'24, SM'38, March.44 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988Theodore W. Reedy, PhB'24, February.C. Helmer Turner, SB'24, March.Lucile Fitts Denninger, SB '26, July 1987.Edwin T. Hellebrandt, SB '26, December.Rose E.Klumb, PhB'26.Wilton M. Krogman, PhB'26, AM'27, PhD'29,November.Elda C. Greve, PhB '27, February.Fang-KueiLi, AM'27, PhD'28, August.Irene Rothschild Ernstein, PhB '28, February.Andrew C. Hamilton, JD'28, January.Mabel F. Hoyt, PhB '28, November.Theresa Thiele Kirn, PhB '28, February 1987.Gladstone Koffman, MAT' 28, February.Von E. Livingston, JD'28, February.Goebel Porter, JD'28, July 1987.Katherine Rose Schroeder, PhB '28, January.Hsioh R. Wei, PhD'28, January 1987.Alfred B. Schmidt, Jr., PhB'29, September.1930-1939Pauline Sabadosh Lucanic, SB'31, December.Rebecca J. Luck, PhB'31, January.Janet Works Reece, PhB'31, November.Elizabeth H. Grader Schreiber, PhB'31, June1987.Elizabeth Hobbs Wittmayer, AM '31, September.Florence Andrews Frappier, PhB '32, December.Deborah Joseph Raines, SB'32, February.Louis S. Baer, SB '33, MD'38, January.Ruth E. Blind, MAT'33, March.Ernest Christopher Hassold, PhD'33, November.Lydabeth Tressler Johnston, PhB'33, March. Theodore W. Kleisner, PhB'33, August 1987.George Pollyea, PhB'33, AM'40, July 1987.Louis E. Romberg, SB '33, January.Alma Ziegenhagel Dawson, SB'34, January.Albert I. Helland, PhB'34, February.R. Foster Scott, AM'34, February 1987.Madelaine F. Strong, PhB'34, February.Max L. Feinberg, AB'35, JD'37, March.Elizabeth A. Flanagan, PhB'35, June 1987.Virginia Keeney Howie, AM'35, March 1987.Frederick R. Lee, PhB'35, April 1987.Esther Malkin Lesner, PhB'35, January.J. Robert Nebel, SB '35, January.Clifford G. Erickson, SB'36, December.M. Elizabeth Hawkes, AB'36, November.Walter G. Eckersall, AB'37, November.James S. May, Jr., SB'37, MD'40, January.John A. Vieg, PhD '37, February.Gertrude Star Bentley, X'38, February 1987.Richard L. Bronwell, AB'38, January 1987.James J. Callahan, X'38, February 1987.Leda Speiser Lash, AB'38.Luella Smith Regier, AM'38, May 1987.Barbara England Shenko, AB'38, December.Helen Morrison Wilson, X'38, December.Margaret M. Angoli, SB'39, February.Margaret Black Kockritz, AM'39, November.Sol M. Roshal, SM'39, July 1987.Agnes Ruth Vetter, AB'39, AM'49, January.Margaret Foster Wetherell, X'39, January.1940-1949Robert Cocroft, SM'40, February. Louise Fullerton Struble, MAT'40, January.Samuel W. Kurnick, SB'41, SM'48, PhD'51,December.Joan Mendenhall Schmidt, AB'41, March.Sander W. Wirpel, AB'42, February.Robert S. Meyer, SB'47, AM'55, February.Roger F. Carr, AB'48, AM'51, December.Richard A. Dimpfl, MBA'49, December.Shirley Manheim Hennes, X'49, May 1987.Chrysanthy M. Mikkelson, AM'49, January.Richard A. Wickstrom, AB'49, November.1950-1959James E. Kearney, MBA'54, December.JohnH. Petherbridge, DB'57, November.George F. Griewank, AM'56, November.Endel Karmas, SM'58, December.Krishna K. Sud, AM'58, February.Chester T. Bilek, MBA'59, October.Herbert C. Wolf, AM'59, December.1960-1969Mahlon Michael Day, SB'61, SM'62, PhD'67,December.George H. Hahn, MBA 61, February.Thomas R. Lennox, AM'61, November.Charles P. Warren, AM'61, December.Grace Daniels Wolf, AM'66, June 1987.1970-1979Keith R. Malmquist, AB'70, December.Muriel J. Taylor, AM'70, February.BOOKS by AlumniSamuel L. Perzik, SB'22, MD'25, Cirugia En LaEnfermedad Teroidea Indicacion Para Tiroidectomia Total(Editorial Medica Panamericana S.A.). This is theSpanish edition, published posthumously, ofPerzik's book Surgery in Thyroid Disease: The Place ofTotal Thyroidectomy.Ernest Samuels, PhB'23, JD'26, AM'31,PhD'42, Bernard Berenson: The Making of a Legend (Harvard University Press). This is the second and concluding volume of a biography of the noted art connoisseur. Samuels is professor emeritus of Englishat Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.Allen Stuart Weller, PhB '27, PhD'-42, LoradoinParis: The Letters ofLorado Taft (University of IllinoisPress). Weller is museum director emeritus of theUniversity of Illinois at Champaign.Edgar C. Reinke, AB'28, PhD'34, translatedby Martin Treu, Andreas Meinhardi: Uber die hoch-beruhmte und herrliche Stadt Wittenberg (Verlag Phi-lipp Reklam) . This is the German translation of The"Dialogus" of Andreas Meinhardi: A Utopian Descriptionof Wittenberg and Its University, translated from theLatin with introduction and notes (University Microfilms International). Reinke, of Oviedo, FL, isprofessor emeritus of Valparaiso University,Valparaiso, IN.Melanie Loewenthal Pflaum, PhB '28, A Walk-On Part (Pegasus Press). This autobiographychronicles the experiences of Pflaum and her latehusband, Irving B. Pflaum, PhB '28, as international journalists. Pflaum lives in Javea, Spain.James Wakefield Burke, X'29, Devil on the Wall(McLennan House). This fictionalized saga follows four nineteenth-century heroes— James Bowie, William Baret Travis, David Crockett, andSam Houston— to their fateful meeting in Texas.Burke is a writer and syndicated columnist in Dallas, TX. This is his twentieth book.Joe D. Thomas, PhB'29, AM'30, Sansculotte: ANon-Knickerbocker History of the College English Associa tion (1938-1975) (College English Association Foundation, Nazareth College of Rochester). Thomas isprofessor emeritus of English at Rice University,Houston, TX.Earl V. Pullias, MAT'31, and Leslie Williams,Principles and Values for College and University Administrations (Philosophical Library) . Pullias lives in LosAngeles.William Kir-Stimon, PhB '32, editor, Inside theOpen Cage (Cooperfield). Kir-Stimon is a psychotherapist in Flossmoor and Evanston, IL.Harold Laufman, SB'32, MD'37; and Sam W.Banks, SB'30, MD'35, An Atlas of Surgical Exposuresof the Extremities, second edition (W. B. SaundersCo.). With Laufman as editor, Silvergirl's Surgery:The Veins (Silvergirl, Inc.). This is a historical anthology of articles, translated into English andwith annotations, that have contributed to knowledge of venous disease. Laufman is emeritus professor of surgery at the Albert Einstein College ofMedicine. Banks, an orthopedic surgeon, lives inSun City, AZ.Robert A. Hall, Jr., AM'35, Linguistics andPseudo-linguistics (John Benjamins). Hall's criticisms of the linguistic doctrines oftransformational-generative grammar over thepast twenty years are brought together in a seriesof essays. Hall is professor emeritus of CornellUniversity, Ithaca, NY.Albert Parry, AB'35, PhD'38, Full Steam Ahead!The Story of Peter Demens, Founder of St. Petersburg, Florida (Great Outdoors Publishing Co.). This bookchronicles the life of Peter Demens, born PyotrAlekseyevich Dementyev, the founder of St. Petersburg, FL. Parry, professor emeritus of ColgateUniversity, Hamilton, NY, lives in St. Petersburg.Emma Bickham Pitcher, AB'37, Up and downthe Dunes (Shirley Heinze Environmental Fund).This book is a collection of informal essays from anaturalist's perspective. Pitcher, retired, was as sistant dean of students in the University's Graduate School of Business.Franklin Miller, Jr., PhD'39, and DietrichSchroeer, College Physics, sixth edition (HarcourtBrace Jovanovich). Miller is professor emeritus ofphysics at Kenyon College, Gambier, OH.Fredrick J. Stare, MD'41, Harvard's Departmentof Nutrition, 1942-86 (The Christopher Press). Thismonograph is a compilation of the complete references of some twenty-three hundred publicationsof Harvard's Department of Nutrition during itsfirst forty-four years of existence. Also, with Elizabeth Whelan, The Harvard Square Diet (PrometheusBooks). This book is for anyone who has tried aquick weight-loss plan and lost more energy thanweight; for anyone who is confused about how tolose weight and still eat foods that are both goodand good for you. Stare is professor emeritus ofnutrition at the Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston.Murray Edelman, AM'42, Constructing the Political Spectacle (University of Chicago Press).David R. Krathwohl, SB'43, AM'47, PhD'53,How to Prepare a Research Proposal: Guidelines for Funding and Dissertations in the Social and Behavioral Sciences, third edition (Syracuse University Press).Intended to help in writing a research proposal aswell as how and where to find funds, this book isuseful for social and behavioral scientists, students, and professionals. Krathwohl is HannahHammond Professor of Education at SyracuseUniversity, Syracuse, NY.Harold H. Mosak, AB'43, PhD'50, Ha Ha andAha: The Role of Humor in Psychotherapy (AcceleratedDevelopment, Inc.). The author reviews severaltheories of humor and then indicates how humormay be used in the therapeutic situation. The bookalso contains 150 jokes that may be used in psychotherapy or in the teaching of humor. Mosak, chairman of the board of trustees of the Alfred Adler45Institute, Chicago, has a private practice inpsychotherapy.Paul Lambourne Higgins, DB'45, Pilgrimages toRome and Beyond: A Guide to Holy Places for Today's Traveler (Prentice-Hall). This is the third in a series ofguide books to sacred places. Higgins is minister ofthe United Methodist Church in Rockport, MA.Thomas J. Whitby, PhB '47, AM'52, and Suzanne G. Frayser, Studies in Human Sexuality: A Selected Guide (Libraries Unlimited). This book, intended for the general reader as well as theprofessional, is a guide to monographic works onhuman sexuality, covering popular, reference, andtechnical works. Whitby is professor emeritus ofthe University of Denver, Denver, CO.Rita Kramer, AB'48, At a Tender Age: ViolentYouth and Juvenile Justice (Henry Holt and Company,Inc.). In this book, Kramer draws on her threeyears' experience as an observer in New YorkCity's juvenile justice system. Kramer is a writer inNew York City.Daniel Levinson, PhB'48, SB'54, MD'54, AGuide to the Clinical Interview (W. B. Saunders Co.).Levinson describes the right questions and howdoctors should ask them during a patient interview. Levinson is an associate professor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson.Robert John Myers, AM'48, PhD'59, and HanSung-joo, editors, Korea: The Year 2000, Ethics andForeign Policy Series, Volume 5 (University Pressof America/Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs). The contributors address thequestion of whether there will be a peaceful transfer of, or a violent struggle for, political power during the upcoming elections in Korea and how theoutcome will affect American interests. Myers ispresident of the Carnegie Council on Ethics andInternational Affairs, New York City.Herbert Lederer, AM'49, PhD'53, Handbook ofEast German Drama (Peter Lang). Lederer's twelfthbook and the result of ten years of research, this isthe first complete compilation of stage works written in the German Democratic Republic sinceWorld War II. Lederer is professor of German atthe University of Connecticut, Storrs.Roy P. Mackal, SB'49, PhD'53, A Living Dinosaur? In Search o/Mokele-Mbembe (E. J. Brill). Thisbook describes the author's expeditions throughthe swamps of central west Africa in search of evidence of what Mackal believes could be a kind ofsauropod dinosaur. Mackal is university safety coordinator at the University of Chicago.Robert N. Rapoport, AM'49, New Interventionsfor Children and Youth: Action-Research Approaches(Cambridge University Press). This is an analysisof ten case studies of projects in which social scientists collaborated with innovative youth serviceagencies to develop new social interventions.Rapoport is director of the Institute of Family andEnvironmental Research, London, England.Arthur H. Bernstein, JD'50, Avoiding MedicalMalpractice (Pluribus Press). This book discussesand offers solutions for the currently controversialtopic of malpractice suits, from a legal point ofview. Bernstein is of counsel of the firm McDo-nough, Holland & Allen, Oakland, CA.James L. Weil, AB'50, Two Poems to Two Prints(Kelly Winterton Press). Weil is the author of abook of poems illustrated by Jacques Hnizdovsky.Weil, of New Rochelle, NY, is editor and publisherof the Elizabeth Press.E. S. Savas, AB'51, SB '53, Privatization: The Keyto Better Government (Chatham House). The authordescribes how privatization works in every government's need to meet the needs of its constituents. Savas, former assistant secretary of the U.S.Department of Housing and Urban Development,is chairman and professor of the Department ofManagement at the City University of New York,Bernard M. Baruch College, New York City.Emma W. Bragg, PhD'52, Scrapbook: Some Family Reminiscences of a Native Nashville Septuagenarian (Williams Printing Company). Presented as an exhibit at Tennessee's Homecoming 1986, this genealogical history of Bragg's family shows the rise ofthe developing black middle class in the Nashvillearea. Bragg, retired, lives in Nashville.Gerald Cannon Hickey, AM'53, PhD'58, Kingdom in the Morning Mist: Mayrena in the Highlands ofVietnam (University of Pennsylvania Press) . A non-fiction adventure, this is the story of FrenchmanCharles David's ill-fated exploitation of the tribesof the highlands of Vietnam in 1888. Hickey, author of several other ethnohistories of the Vietnamese Central Highlands, lives in Chicago.David Gutmann, AM'56, PhD'58, ReclaimedPowers: Toward a New Psychology of Men and Women inLater Life (Basic Books, Inc.). Gutmann proposes anew psychology of aging, based not on the prospect of loss but the promise of the powers andpleasures that each sex takes on after the child-rearing years are over. Gutmann is professor ofpsychiatry and education at Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago.Gary Schwartz, AB'56, AM'59, Beyond Conformity or Rebellion: Youth and Authority in America(University of Chicago Press) . In this study of highschool-aged youth in the early 1970s, Schwartz reveals changes in the style of deviance in adolescent culture. Schwartz, an independent scholar,lives in Evanston, IL.Phulgenda Sinha, AM'59, The Gita As It Was:Rediscovering the Original Bhagavadgita (Open Court) .The author shows how the Gita has been alteredthrough the course of its history and presents theoriginal Gita in Sanskrit and English, with explanatory commentary. Sinha is director of the Yoga Institute of Washington, DC.Susan R. Sherman, AB'60, Russell A. Ward,and Mark La Gory, The Environment for Aging: Interpersonal, Social, and Spacial Contexts (University of Alabama Press). Based on research on the residentialpatterns of older people in American metropolitanareas, this study investigates age segregation andits regional variations. Sherman is associate professor of social welfare, the State University ofNew York at Albany.Butler Shaffer, JD'61, Calculated Chaos: Institutional Threats to Peace and Human Survival (AlchemyBooks). In its second printing, this book dealswith how war, racism, and other forms of socialconflict are engendered by individual inner turmoil produced by one's identification with variousinstitutions. Shaffer is professor of law at Southwestern University School of Law, Los Angeles.Naomi Woronov, AM'61, China through MyWindow (M. E. Sharpe). This book chronicles thehistory of what one Western woman saw andheard, thought and felt during her two years ofteaching and travel in China. Woronov is professorof English at the City University of New York,Manhattan Community College, New York City.L. William Countryman, AB'62, AM'74,PhD'77, The Mystical Way in the Fourth Gospel: Crossing over into God (Fortress Press). In this book,Countryman argues that the literary structure ofJohn's Gospel focuses more on the life of the readerthan on that of Jesus. Countryman is professor ofNew Testament at the Church Divinity School ofthe Pacific, Berkeley, CA.Stanley Brandes, AB'64, Power and Persuasion:Fiestas and Social Control in Rural Mexico (University ofPennsylvania Press). The author demonstrateshow the annual fiesta cycle reflects political dependency of local communities on the nationstate, helps maintain formal authority, and perpetuates behavioral norms and social values.Brandes is professor of anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley.Paul Stuart, AB'64, Nations Within a Nation: Historical Statistics of American Indians (GreenwoodPress). Stuart is associate professor in the Schoolof Social Work, University of Alabama,Tuscaloosa.Martin Benjamin, AM'65, PhD'70, editor and contributor, with William B. Weil, Jr., Ethical Issuesat the Outset of Life, Comtemporary Issues in Fetaland Neonatal Medicine, Volume 3 (Blackwell Scientific Publications). The book covers a widerange of ethical issues in medicine and their connection to public policy. Benjamin is professor inthe philosophy department and the Medical Humanities Program at Michigan State University,East Lansing.William A. Koelsch, PhD'66, Clark University,1887-1987: A Narrative History (Clark UniversityPress). This is the story of America's first all-graduate institution. Koelsch is professor of historyand geography at Clark University, Worcester, MA.Bruce S. Jansson, AM'67, PhD'75, The Reluctant Welfare State: A History of American Social WelfarePolicies (Wadsworth Press). This book analyzes thedevelopment of American social welfare policiesfrom the inception of the Republic through theReagan administration. Jansson is associate professor at the School of Social Work of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles.David L. Schaefer, AM'67, PhD'71, and Roberta R. Schaefer, AM'69, PhD'76, co-editors, TheStatesman (Associated Faculty Press) . This is a new,annotated edition of Sir Henry Taylor's 1836 book,believed to be the first ever written on the subjectof public administration. David Schaefer is associate professor of political science at Holy Cross College, Worcester, MA. Roberta Schaefer is executivedirector of the Worcester Municipal Research Bureau, Worcester.Claude Schochet, SM'67, PhD'69, and C. C.Moore, Global Analysis on Foliated Spaces (SpringerVerlag). The authors present an exposition of theemerging field of non-commutative topology andgeometry, including global analysis on foliationsand index theorems for foliations. The book alsoprovides a proof of the Connes Index Theorem forfoliated spaces. Schochet is professor of mathematics and associate dean of the College of LiberalArts at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.Richard A. Hoehn, AM'68, PhD'72, Now WeSee through a Glass Darkly— But We See: The Papers of J.H. W. and Mary G. Stuckenberg (Musselman Library,Gettysburg College). Hoehn has catalogued thepapers of this late nineteenth-century couple: he,a pastor, social ethicist, and author; she, active inchurch and temperance work. Hoehn is associateprofessor at Brite Divinity School, Texas ChristianUniversity, Fort Worth, TX.Eleanor Reardon Tolson, AM'68, PhD'78, TheMetamodeland Clinical Social Work (Columbia University Press). Tolson's metamodel approach to clinicalsocial work is based on major decisions practitioners must make, the options available to them, andthe evidence supporting those options. The concept is also designed to heighten the practitioner'sawareness of a wide variety of prescribed behaviors. Tolson is associate professor at the JaneAddams College of Social Work, University of Illinois, Chicago.Stephen S. Infantino, AM'69, PhD'75, contributor, Fireball and the Lotus: Emerging Spiritualityfrom Ancient Roots (Bear and Co.). Infantino wrotethe chapter "The Principle of Complementarityand World Religions." He is professor of philosophy at the College of Lake County, Grayslake, IL.Danette G. Kauffman, AM'69, Surviving Cancer: A Practical Guide for Those Fighting to Win (Acropolis Books). Kauffman manages the corporate services communications department for MCITelecommunications, Washington, DC.Alfred Kelly, AB'69, editor and translator, TheGerman Worker: Working-Class Autobiographies from theAge of Industrialization (University of CaliforniaPress). The autobiographies of nineteen Germanworkers tell of their hardships and their emergingclass consciousness as it takes root in the working-class culture. Kelly is associate professor of historyat Hamilton College, Clinton, NY.David Bensman, AB'70, Central Park East: Quality Education in the Inner City (Kramer Communica-UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988tions) . This book chronicles the history of a schoolfounded by Deborah Willen Meier, AM'55, a recent recipient of a grant from the John D. andCatherine T. Mac Arthur Foundation. Also, withRoberta Lynch, Rusted Dreams: Hard Times in a SteelCommunity (McGraw-Hill). Bensman directs thegraduate program in labor studies at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.Helen H. Frink, AM'70, PhD'75, Animal Symbolism in Hoffmannsthal's Works (Peter Lang Verlag).Through Hoffmannsthal's major plays, stories,and unfinished novel, Andreas, the author revealsHoffmannthal's difficulty in portraying the relationships between men and women and betweenfathers and sons. Frink is associate professor ofGerman and head of modern languages at KeeneState College, Keene, NH.Leonard P. Oliver, PhD'70, Study Circles: Coming Together for Personal Growth and Social Change (Seven Locks Press). Oliver traces the origin of studycircles, explains their success in Sweden, and suggests ways to implement them in the UnitedStates. Oliver is director of Oliver Associates,Washington, DC.G. Alan Tarr, AM'70, PhD'76, and Mary Cornelia Aldis Porter, AM'50, PhD'70, State SupremeCourts in State and Nation (Yale University Press). Beginning with a general discussion of the work ofthe state supreme courts, the authors describe thegrowth and the operation of three state supremecourts using legal analysis, historical research,and interviews. Tarr is associate professor andchair of political science at Rutgers University,Camden, NJ. Porter is a visiting professor of political science at Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL.Richard Feinberg, AM'71, PhD'74, PolynesianSeafaring and Navigation: Ocean Travel in Anutan Culture and Society (Kent State University Press). Thisis a study of the Polynesians of the island of Anuta,who still live according to the maritime traditionsof their ancestors, a way of life that has almostcompletely disappeared. Feinberg is professor ofanthropology at Kent State University, Kent, OH.Rasma Karklins, AM'71, PhD'75, Ethnic Relations in the USSR: The Perspective from Below (Allen &Unwin). This book explores the phenomenon ofethnic and cultural pluralism from the perspectiveof the political sciences. Karklins is associate professor of political science at the University of Illinois at Chicago.Lawrence B. Ebert, SB '71, editor, PolynuclearAromatic Compounds (American Chemical Society).This text was developed from a symposium at a1986 meeting of the American Chemical Society.Aimed at scientists interested in synthetic metalsand fossil fuels, its insights have potential for workin the areas of fuels, chemicals, and carbonaceousmaterials. Ebert lives in Bridgewater, NJ.Henry Munson, Jr., AM'73, PhD'80, Islam andRevolution in the Middle East (Yale University Press).The author discusses the various explanations ofthe unique success of the Islamic revolution in Iran—as opposed to the political weakness of most Islamic movements in Sunni countries. Munson isassociate professor of anthropology at the University of Maine at Oromo.Robert W. Czeschin, AB'74, The Last Wave(Agora Books). The October stock market crash isexplained in terms of the relationship between oil,war, and financial upheaval. Czeschin is editor ofCzeschin's Mutual Fund Outlook and Recommendations.Martha Long Ice, AM'74, Clergy Women andTheir Worldviews: Calling for a New Age (Praeger Publishers). This volume provides an in-depth studyof the backgrounds, professional role formation,worldviews, and leadership styles of seventeenclergy women. Employing sociological theory, theauthor also discusses gender orientations and cultural belief systems. Ice is assistant professor of sociology at Concordia College, Moorhead, MN.Sheldon Annis, AM'75, PhD'86, God and Pro duction in a Guatemalan Town (University of TexasPress). In this study, Annis argues that the growing force of Protestantism may have helped tipGuatemala's guerrilla war in behalf of the armyduring the early 1980s. Annis is a fellow of theOverseas Development Council, a policy researchorganization in Washington, DC, and visiting lecturer at the Woodrow Wilson School of PrincetonUniversity, Princeton, NJ.Amy Harwell, AM'75, When Your Friend GetsCancer: How You Can Help (Harold Shaw Publishers). Harwell owns a consulting firm in Chicago.Bee-Lan C. Wang, PhD'75, and Richard J.Stellway, Should You Be the Working Mom? A Guide forMaking the Decision and Living with the Results (DavidC. Cook Publishing Co.). This is a guide for helping a mother consider her options of staying homewith her children or going out to work. Wang livesin St. Charles, IL.Steven C. Dubin, AM'76, PhD'82, Bureacratiz-ing the Muse: Public Funds and the Cultural Worker (University of Chicago Press). A study of the ChicagoArtists-in-Residence program of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act. Dubin is a lecturer in sociology at the State University of NewYork, Purchase.Grant McCracken, AM'76, PhD'81, CultureandConsumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Characterof Consumer Goods and Activities (Indiana UniversityPress) . The author traces the connections betweenculture and consumption from an anthropologicalperspective, exploring the origins of consumer society and showing the symbolic properties of consumer goods. McCracken is an anthropologist andassistant professor of consumer studies at the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.Byron D. Belitsos, AB'77, co-author, BusinessTelematics: Corporate Networks for the Information Age,(Dow Jones-Irwin). The book has been released asa textbook entitled Business Telecommunications(Richard D. Irwin). Belitsos is president of Telematics Research, a San Francisco-based telecommunications consulting firm.Peter J. Venturelli, AM'78, PhD'81, andWeldon L. Witters, Drugs and Society, second edition(Jones and Bartlett Publishers) . The authors presenta combination of sociological and biological perspectives on the use and abuse of psychoactivedrugs. Venturelli is assistant professor of sociologyat Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IL.Sherry Tucker, PhD'80, and Walter R. Nord,Implementing Routine and Radical Innovation (Lexington Books). Tucker is director of compensationand organization consulting at Corroon & BlackConsulting Group, St. Louis, MO.Andrew Patner, X'81, 1. F. Stone: A Portrait (Pantheon Books). This biography of the famous journalist and political analyst includes conversationsbetween the author and Stone, who speaks of hisbeliefs in human freedom and education. Whiletracing the political conflicts that shaped him as ajournalist, Stone expresses his views on the key issues of American life. Patner is a student at theUniversity's Law School.George W. Shields, PhD'81, contributor andco-editor with George Nordgulen, Faith and Creativity: Essays in Honor of Eugene Peters (The CBPPress). Eugene Peters, DB'53, PhD'60, was a noted process thinker and scholar of the writings ofCharles Hartshorne. Shields is assistant professorof philosophy at Kentucky State University,Frankfort, KY.Richard K. Caputo, PhD'82, Management andInformation Systems in Human Services (HaworthPress). Caputo, assistant professor and director ofthe research center at the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Work, lives in Philadelphia.Dawn A. De Vries, AB'83, AM'84, translatorand editor, Servant of the Word: Selected Sermons ofFrie-drich Schleiermacher (Fortress Press). De Vries is ajunior fellow in the Institute for the AdvancedStudy of Religion at the University's DivinitySchool. B LETTERSContinued from inside front coverand truck farms (no high-tech requiredhere) can put welfare recipients on a forty-hour work week and still make a profit . To dothis it would still be necessary to continuethese workers on welfare but at reducedrates. This way the local factory owner, thetruck farmer, the taxpayer, and the welfarerecipient could all benefit. The welfare recipient could leave this system as soon as hequalified himself for a higher paying, moredesirable job elsewhere. Other welfare recipients could enter the system as soon as vacancies are created. If we fail to show improvement in these areas, I'm afraid we willall soon be shuffling paperwork, sellingeach other hamburgers (from South America), and resurrecting an anachronistic Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).Nicholas M. Maisch, MBA'53Woodbury, NJALUMNI FORDIVESTMENTEditor:When the class of 1967 reunited aftertwenty years last June, we took pleasure inrenewing old friendships and ties to theUniversity. Yet many of us were disturbedabout our university's South Africa policy.The University of Chicago has maintainedits investments in companies doing business in South Africa despite worsening oppression and brutality there and a growingdivestment movement in this country.After our June reunion, members of theclass of 1967, together with other Universityof Chicago alumni and faculty, establishedan alternative alumni trust fund, Universityof Chicago Alumni and Friends for Divestment, modelled on similar alumni trustfunds at Yale, Harvard, and MIT. We haveapplied for status as a tax-exempt, tax-deductible public trust. The terms of thetrust provide that all contributions remain inthe fund earning interest until the University divests or until apartheid is ended inSouth Africa. The trust stipulates that if theUniversity has not divested within ten yearsor prior to the end of apartheid, whicheveroccurs first, the money contributed will go toAmnesty International USA for its work insupport of human rights . But if the University divests itself, as we hope, the fund willpass to the University.Currently, President Gray says our University is honoring the spirit of the Sullivanprinciples by investing only in companiesthat promote the welfare of non-whiteSouth Africans. But Reverend Sullivan himself now believes that the time for such mod-47erate action is past; he now supportsdivestment.Many universities have divested— oftenas a consequence of pressure from alumniand the university community. The range ofuniversities that have totally divested includes Barnard, Michigan State, Mount Ho-lyoke, Rutgers, Sarah Lawrence, the University of Massachusetts, and the University ofWisconsin.On the University of Chicago campus avigorous faculty/student group has pressedfor divestment through referenda, teach-ins, petitions, demonstrations, and personal appeals to administrators. They naturallylook for help from -alumni, the University'slargest constituency and a major source of itsincome.We all know that Chicago's divestment isjust one round of a longer fight, but divestment is a vital tool in ending apartheid inSouth Africa. Our first letters to Chicagoalumni and faculty have produced over ahundred pledges to participate in our trustfund and to vigorously pressure the University to change its position. Join us in persuading the University to take a standagainst apartheid, fulfilling its mission asa great liberal arts institution. For furtherinformation about how to participate in thiseffort, please write to University of ChicagoAlumni and Friends for Divestment,Village Station, P. O. Box 896, New York, NY10014-0896.Michael Krinsky, AB'65, JD'68Teresa Shtob, AB'67New York, NYDEBUNKING THEBLOOM AND DOOMEditor:I like to keep my eye on the University ofChicago. Several University notes havestuck in my blotter: the apparent dulling ofthe students (one professor reports "Theyjust get prettier and dumber as the seasonspass"), the gutting of the Graduate LibrarySchool just when information science is becoming a hot field (and SSA to follow?), notthe least the campaign of hatred (includingactual injury) that ran its course— I pray-last year But Professor Allan Bloom'sbook [The Closing of the American Mind, excerpted in SUMMER/87] and the notorietysurrounding it are the most disturbing, because they are the most insidious —It was amusing that Mr. Bloom's twogreatest supporters in the "Letters" columnheld only M.B. A. degrees from theUniversity Beyond his quixotic pummeling of gun-nysacks, the professor's book is a roll of contradictions. He repeatedly accuses studentsfrom the sixties onward of being moral rela tivists. (When I came to the University,moral relativism was so old hat as to be mentioned almost solely in ridicule; this was in1977!) Then Bloom vilifies these same persons for seeking work reforms in education, society, their private lives, etc. Hecondemns them as making no moral distinctions and then condemns them for makingmoral distinctions. Throwing a low blowthat would get the freshest freshman's fistslapped, Bloom remarks: "The radical students of the sixties called themselves 'themovement,' unaware that this was also thelanguage used by young Nazis in the thirtiesand was the name of a Nazi j ournal, Die Bewegung." Well, it's debatable whether thatmeans "the movement" or "movement,"and furthermore, would Bloom prefer thatthe radicals call themselves aware, or ratherunaware? His chronicle of the dying days of Cornell [University] is chilling, and informativeif accurate, but why stop there? Bloomclaims quite a provenance on his book-flapbio . , and I assume he's known many personsat these several institutions. But never doeshe describe individuals; everything he saysis in the plural. The subjects of his sentencesare ever: "universities," "students," "women, " "the moderns" (in his foreword, Bellowpraises this as "classical"); it would be interesting to get a count of the words "all,""every," and "always" in this volume. Whydoesn't he tell us about someone in particular? Why, if he left Cornell a generation ago,does he write so much about it? I appreciateMrs. Gray's remark at her New York PublicLibrary lecture and in the Aims of Educationaddress that Bloom must be habiting a different University of Chicago than hers orours. I should have expected alumni to takeexception to his slighting of the Chicago experience and his effort to use his decades-old Cornell anecdotes for his global indictment. Just look, your magazine had to run ashaded box to get him to say somethingabout the University, because there wasn'tmuch to excerpt —Saul Bellow, in the foreword, goes on atlength about being an autodidact . This is themost worthy claim an educated man canmake, but considering the subject and toneof the book he's f orewording, it's odd that hefails to mention that during its golden age,he left the University of Chicago in favor ofNorthwestern In his efforts to publicizethis book, Bellow has also been widelyquoted in the remark that he didn't know theTolstoy of the Zulu. Well, there probablyisn't one, but I bet there's a Homer, if that'sany consolation. In the oral tradition— andits loss through the advent of writing was lamented in Athens— you find other thingsthan nine-hundred-page novels about ballroom dancing. Perhaps some improved Zulu know the Tolstoy of the Europeans, but I'm sure they're safely ignorant of the Bellow, and that doesn't, by itself, prove thatBellow is not worth reading. Many greatworks weave in and out of the standard curriculum: even works by white men. Bellowand Bloom don't seem to know that therewas a time when the exegesis-grinding divines who were their predecessors in theAmerican college didn't know the Tolstoy ofthe Europeans either. Do they so gleefullyshare that company? At any given time,things dear to these men (Bloom's Plato orBellow's divorced Jewish males) have beenas unknown to the Knowers as is the muchregretted Tolstoy of the Transvaal. Does thismean we should be proud of what we don'tknow? All of this works-in nicely with the current national Bewegung— oops— campaignfor Excellence in Education. The secretary ofeducation wants student loan defaultersclapped in irons while a parade of his fellowcabinet bureaucrats avoids going from dockto stock. These pouncing, pronouncing menare eager to declare some thing excellent,but how do they choose? Professor Bloom leans heavily on hiskeyboard's shift mechanism. He repeatedlyrefers to the Founding of the United States,when, of course, founding would do. He condemns the improvement of historical methods and their baleful revelation that thetruth about the Founding and Other Mattersis not the Truth of Bloom, Strauss et ai. He resents the truncation of the monuments tothe honored dead not guessing that many ofus find the truth more inspiring than theTruth. To him we're all relativistic anthropologists who rise from our digs to proclaimsome native's belief that the sun is the moonas what we'll set our watches by. This is outof whole cloth . We believe history is what happened and is most nearly achieved when themost detailed version of the most minutelyrecorded events is given. Bloom, throughout his book, regrets that "everybody" thesedays fails to appreciate the "Truth." I knowthat the men and women with whom I wentto school do not claim that nothing can bedecided, known for sure, relied upon, etc.They think there is a truth that can be got at.It's just not the capitalized Truth that Bloomhas in mind. The problem for him is not really that people don't seek the truth, they justdon't acknowledge the capitalized Truth ofBloom and the Straussians. In short: theydisagree with him. This should doubtlessserve as the source of a discussion, maybeeven a book, but surely not a nationalBewegung.I am not surprised that the public hasbought— if not read— this thesis, "Becauseeverything that deceives seems to bewitch"(TheRepublic, trans. Allan Bloom, III, 413-c).A. P. J. O'Connor, AB'81Brooklyn, NY48 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SUMMER 1988ThankYoufor sending us $84,285 involuntary contributions.O ur deepest thanksto the 5,328 of ourreaders who responded so generously to our annualappeal for voluntary contributions to the Magazine. This year's total was thehighest amount received sincewe began asking for voluntarycontributions six years ago.Your generosity has enabled us to do many things. Wewere able to have four-color covers on all four issues last year,and to present, in full color,samples of Japanese washi, aswell as photographs of studentsin the College, in the "Roomies"feature.With some of your gifts, we've been able to hire freelance writer Molly McQuade,AB'81, who will report in a future issue on what drives people to engage in the difficultwork of writing fiction, andwhat rewards they gain for theirefforts.Some time in the next year,the Magazine will appear with afresh new look. When it arrives,you can take personal pride init, because it is your gifts thathave enabled us to undertake aredesign.Writing to ask you for contributions brings other rewards.We very much enjoy receivingyour comments.Again, thank you, for yourcontinued support.Felicia Antonelli HoltonEditorJOIN YOUR FELLOW ALUMNI AINUSTUDENTC^N SUNDAY, IULY 24Join your fellow alumni andstudents for this internationalcelebration of the birthday ofthe founder and first presidentof the University, William RaineyHarper. You are invited to attendthe festivities in any of thelocations listed.Participating cities are listedalphabetically, with specialsections at the end for datevariations, titled "Early Birds"and "Late Section."Students who are attendingthe University of Chicago,incoming students, and childrenunder 12 have special reducedrates for many of the events.on about specific5ms, call the contactperson listed under thatcity. If you wish toreceive a brochure,write to:Roberta SherwoodUniversity ofChicagoAlumni RelationsOffice, 5757 S.Woodlawn Avenue,Chicago, IL 60637,or call (312) 753-2175 CHICAGOUC*MC(312) 753-2175CLEVELANDSee "Late Section"DALLASJohn Keohane(214) 690-8092DENVERCaroline Corkey(303) 341-9011(days)(303) 333-6152(eves)HOUSTONDon Sparks(713) 497-3163LOS ANGELESORANGE COUNTYCharlene Suneson(213) 251-7307MIAMIJohn or Kathy Gaubatz(305) 661-2481MILWAUKEEJanice A. Rhodes(414) 271-7444(days)(414) 962-9091(eves)NEW YORKSee "Early Birds"PHILADELPHIASaul Levit(215) 587-0809Steve Hendler(215) 925-3927PITTSBURGHN. Gwyn Cready(412) 276-0782PORTLANDB.J. Seymour(503) 228-2472Ed Gronke(503) 283-4194ALBANYSusan Sherman(518) 442-5348 (days)(518) 489-1357 (eves)ATLANTASee "Late Section" BOSTONVirginia Garbers(617) 451-9185(617) 439-6960(617) 227-7738 PUGET SOUND(Seattle)Joe Kittay(206) 232-5584 (eves)ST. LOUISSee "Early Birds" SAN DIEGOSee "Early Birds"SAN FRANCISCOBAY AREAChuck Baumbach(415) 381-0416TOKYONobuyuki Horie(03)-344-7357or Katsuko Yoda(03)-344-7201UNITED KINGDOMSee "Early Birds"WASHINGTON DCStephanie Wallis(703) 237-7013EARLY BIRDSNEW YORKSunday, July 17U. of C. New YorkRegional Office(212) 889-8770or Sharon Martin(212) 326-9135ST. LOUISSaturday, July 16Jack Milneror Brenda Crouch(314) 343-6633 (days)SAN DIEGOSaturday, July 23Bob Pasulka(619) 234-6711 (days)UNITED KINGDOMSaturday, July 9Sammye Haigh0865-583919 (days)0865-751137 (eves)or John Montague0235-432275 (days)0734-471496 (eves)LATESECTIONATLANTASunday, July 12Dave Robichaud(404) 249-3670 (days)(404) 329-0467 (eves)CLEVELANDSunday, July 31Ginger Kuper(216) 231-7300 (days)INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITYOF CHICAGO DAYkxxkxxx****** CAR-RT SORT **231897THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOLIBRARYSERIAL RECORDS PEP ARTMENTCHICAGO, IL 60637 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERobie House, 5757 S. WoodlawnChicago, IL 60637ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED