&** IMagazine/Spring 1986Searching f i\mniiMWM9m ;r;'¥\i ¦: :LettersThe Magazine welcomes correspondencefrom its readers. The editor reserves the right toshorten letters.Football: Pro and ConEditor:The Winter 1986 issue made me deeplynostalgic for the Kimpton-era attempts ofthe legendary Coach Harden to revive football on the Midway. Many, I am sure, will recall the greats of Football 202: AlejandroPym, the music major, who observed thatHarden's chalkboard diagrams actually no-tated the Bachianos Brazileros no. 5 of Villa-Lobos; the irrepressible theologian MortonThrockmorton, who brought new spiritualinsights to the question of the origins of"the old pigskin. ' ' And the greatest of themall, Morgenstern, the historian of arithmetic, who persisted in his attempts to bringprecision to football terminology, noting,for example, that what Harden called ayard-line was in fact a line-segment, forwere it the former, it would go out to infinity and become very long and tedious. It wasMorgenstern who insisted that the field beexactly 100 yards long.Ah, memories! Where are you when weneed you, O Severn Darden, Howard Alk,Gene Troobnick, and Andrew Duncan?Gerald E. Kadish, AM'62, PhD'64Binghamton, NYEditor:After receiving the "New Monsters ofthe Midway" issue of our Magazine andreading President Hanna Gray's letter ofJanuary 26, a feeling of nostalgia combinedwith pride has come over me. As an under-grad, 1923 to 1927, I gloried in the winningways of Old Man Stagg and our great football teams. In 1924 I played during thegreatest football game in Chicago's illustrious history. It was against Illinois and RedGrange and the final score was 21-21. Iplayed in the band. The Maroons had an undefeated season and gained Big Ten championship honors. We were proud.Albert W. Meyer, SB'27, PhD'30Upper Montclair, NJEditor:The Winter 1986 issue struck responsive chords. There is the matter of JayBerwanger's C grades. The assumption thata C in the Hutchins College is implicitly embarrassing should be set to rest. The comprehensive examinations on the famousfour general courses were graded on a virtually inflexible curve. To attain a grade above C, one had to be in the seventy-thirdto one-hundredth percentile, and the rangeof C went all the way down to the twenty-eighth percentile.David J. Severn, SB'40, SM'42Monett, MOEditor:Your Winter 1986 issue renewed our interest and pride in the original "Monstersof the Midway" at a time when the nationalmedia was exhalting the Chicago Bears asTHE Monsters of the Midway. Pity noneof the sportscasters are U. of C. grads sothey could have read the articles by StevenFiffer and Dave Newhouse before SuperBowl XX.Madelynne Billings Johnson, AM'74Dale E. Johnson, SM'67, PhD'71Seattle, WAEditor's note: Coach Amos Alonzo Stagg coinedthe nickname, "Pigskin Propellers of the Midway, ' ' to describe his powerhouse Maroon footballteam. For reasons of brevity or alliteration, thenickname eventually was shortened to its more familiar form. It was applied to the Bears in 1940 byNew York Times sportswriter Arthur Daley.Stagg also designed a distinctive "C" emblem, tobe used as the Maroon 's varsity letter. It is stillused as the University's insignia, but it can also befound on the helmet of the nearest Bear.Editor:There's something that really bothersme about the cover of your Winter 1986 issue. Why is the U. of C football team wearing hand-me-down, burgundy and golduniforms from the University of SouthernCalifornia (or possibly the WashingtonRedskins)?David G. Bowman, MAT'63Warrenton, OREditor:I usually read with interest each issue ofthe Magazine. However, I often find that it isnot talking about the school I remember. Instead, it is an advertising agency's image ofthe school.Twelve pages were devoted to footballin the Winter 1986 issue. Although the college was without a team for so many years,the Magazine depicts President Hutchins asthe only person who opposed football. Iwas there in the 1960s when football was being reintroduced. There was widespreadstudent opposition, culminating in a sit-inby hundreds of students on the footballfield. I do not see how a true history of football at Chicago could leave out some mention of the strength of student opposition. I think we would all feel warmer if weknew that the University was willing to admit that our history was real too; and thathistory is what did happen, not what theadministration would have liked to happen. We would all be prouder of a University that faced controversy, than of one thattries to deny that any controversy everexisted.Charles L. Gellert, AB'66Washington, DCEditor:In view of the Bears' victory at the SuperBowl and the media's concentration onfootball, your articles by Dave Newhouseand Steven Fiffer could not have been moretimely. However, a startling misinterpretation in the article anent the stained glasswindow above the entryway of BartlettGymnasium shows that Mr. Newhouse neglected to give it close study.The window does not picture Rowena"presenting a sword to Lancelot," but, asdescribed in Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe,Rowena placing a chaplet upon the head ofIvanhoe for having won the day's tournaments at Ashby-de-la-Zouche.Florence Pass Frueh, AB'35Highland Park, ILEditor's note: Comments on the football articleswere also received from: William H. Abbott,PhB'27, JD'28; Joseph Brisben, AB'69; DonaldFisher, AB'55, AB'66; Virginia Everett Leland,AM'27, PhD'40; Walter H. Hebert, PhB'29,AM'42; Tom Schultz, AB'77; Mildred Srnensky,AB'46; Stanley Heggen, MBA'48.Replies to Dr. CrounseEditor:Was it coincidence that the first thing Ishould happen to read in the Winter issueof the Magazine was the letter by MichaelCrounse complaining about "liberals"? Ihad been thinking for some years that"my" University was losing its vision of independent thought. It seemed to have become so corporate-minded and such a hostage to the sources of money it desperatelyneeds that I no longer felt kinship.When I came to Dr. Crounse's referenceto "minor civil rights violations in SouthAfrica" I wanted to cry— because I lived inSouth Africa, outside of Capetown, in 1955and 1956. Although there were no reportedriots or public killings by police or mysterious deaths of political prisoners during thatperiod, so far as I recall, always I felt an omi-Continued on Page 53EditorFelicia Antonelli Holton, AB'50Staff WriterBrigitta CarlsonDesignerMichael Glass Design, Inc.The University of Chicago Office ofAlumni RelationsRobie House5757 South Woodlawn AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637Telephone: (312)753-2175President, The University of ChicagoAlumni AssociationMichael Klowden, AB'67Executive Directorof University Alumni RelationsCarol Jenkins Linne, AB'66Associate Directorof University Alumni RelationsRuth HalloranNational Program DirectorBette ArnettChicago Area Program DirectorCrista Cabe, AM'83Director, Alumni Schools CommitteeJ. Robert Ball, Jr., X' 70The University of ChicagoAlumni AssociationExecutive Committee, the CabinetMichael Klowden, AB'67Edward J. Anderson, PhB'46, SM'49Robert O. Anderson, AB'39Patricia C. Cassimatis, AB'67, MAT'69Mary Lou Gorno, MBA'76William B. Graham, SB'32, JD'36Patricia Rosenzweig, AB'61Barbara Wagonfeld, AB'58Clyde Watkins, AB'67Faculty/ Alumni Advisory Committeeto the University of Chicago MagazineEdward W. Rosenheim, AB'39AM '47, PhD '53, ChairmanDavid B. and Clara E. SternProfessor, Department of Englishand the CollegeWalter J. Blum, AB'39, JD'41Edward H. Levi Distinguished ServiceProfessor, the Law SchoolGreta Wiley Flory, PhB'48CarlLavin, AB'79John A. SimpsonArthur Holly Compton DistinguishedService Professor, Department ofPhysics and the CollegeLornaP Straus, SM'60, PhD'62Associate Professor, Department ofAnatomy and the CollegeLinda ThorenNeal, AB'64, JD'67The University of Chicago Magazine ispublished by the University of Chicagoin cooperation with the AlumniAssociation. Published continuouslysince 1907. Editorial Office: RobieHouse, 5757 Woodlawn Avenue,Chicago, Illinois 60637. Telephone (312)753-2323. Copyright©1986 by theUniversity of Chicago. Published fourtimes a year, Fall, Winter, Spring,Summer. The Magazine is sent to allUniversity of Chicago alumni. Pleaseallow four weeks for change of address.Second class postage paid at Chicago,Illinois, and at additional mailingoffices. The University ofCHICAGOMagazine/Spring 1986Volume 78, Number 3 (ISSN-9508)IN THIS ISSUECoaxing the Fossil Record 2Back to LifeBy Maggie HivnorScientist Michael LaBarbera searchesfor tiny sea creatures— brachiopods—underwater to flesh out the evolutionary record.Western Civ Gets New Books — 10And Goes on the RoadThe College's 39-year-old History ofWestern Civilization course has itsfirst formally published books, and isbeing demonstrated to other colleges."My Daughter, The Scientist" 15By Chris Anne Raymondand Brigitta CarlsonThree women who made it to the topranks of science tell about the difficulties along the way.WORKING 18By Brigitta CarlsonStudents have always worked to helppay for their college costs. Today, arecord number hold down jobs whilestudying.DEPARTMENTSChicago Journal 30Class News 34Deaths 49Books 50Cover: Graduate student Bruce Foukemeasures light levels around a gorgo-nian (a marine invertebrate animalwhich looks like a plant) in the watersoff Rio Bueno, Jamaica. (Photo byMichael LaBarbera.)Typesetting by Skripps & Associates, Chicago.Coaxing the FossilRecord Back to LifeScientist Michael LaBarbera searchesfor tiny sea creatures - brachiopods -in underwater caves, to help flesh outthe evolutionary record.By Maggie HivnorI am balanced on a stool inside apitch-dark closet constructed out ofblack plastic garbage bags, lookingthrough a microscope at something ina tank of seawater. The only light is afaint gleam illuminating my pad and anarrow beam directed on the something in the tank: a sea-creature oneeighth of an inch wide that generallylives 100 feet below the surface in coralreefs off the coast of Jamaica. Becausethis closet is dark and the seawaterflows slowly, gently past its shell, andbecause it has been left undisturbedfor two hours, the creature now thinksit is in its natural home. Gradually itlifts its upper shell two millimeters andextends a delicate, fan-like feeding organ. I hold my breath and watch: I amthe third person ever to have seen thisspecies of brachiopod (or any speciesin the genus Crania) in the act offeeding. "Well, either you've fallen asleepin there, or something's happening."Michael LaBarbera speaks softly andmoves slowly so as not to disturb thebrachiopod. But a minute later a truckrumbles by in the distance and thetouchy animal slams its shell down sofast it catches a few feeding tentaclesin the crack. Then nothing. Oncealarmed, the creature may not openagain for hours.("The phylum Brachiopoda is asmall group of animals, all its own,"Michael has explained. Brachiopodsmake up one of the thirty-nine phylawhich comprise the animal kingdom.)"The stupid brachiopod won'topen," I complain, finally emergingstiff and sweaty into the sunlit laboratory, my sketch barely begun."Stupid brachiopod?" Bruce Fouke,a graduate student working withMichael, stares at me and then glances2 UNIVERSITYOFOHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986Photos by Michael LaBarbera..i. 9ESBrachiopods in their natural habitat, a cave forty feet below the surface of Discovery Bay, Jamaica. One brachiopod has its shell open and is feeding (bottom,center); half a dozen of the same species surround it. The white creature next to the open brachiopod is a sponge. Each individual brachiopod measures approximately one-quarter of an inch across. Two species of fossil brachiopods (opposite page) from the Devonian period (450 million years ago) in upstate New York.The upper shell is about 1 . 5 inches across. Both species lived "floating ' 'on the surface of the muddy ocean bottom in shallow water.3over to see if Michael has heard mywords. The work of these scientists isso meticulous and requires such persistence that they seem to have trainedthemselves never to admit impatienceor frustration, never to complain openly. In five days at the laboratory, I havebeen delighted and astonished by themarine invertebrates being studied here— plant-like gorgonians, sea urchins(Diadema) and the tiny brachiopods— and by the ingenious equipmentdevised to study them. But I've beenmore amazed by the activity of the research itself, the remarkable persistenceof Michael and his students, and theirability to gather valuable data in the faceof obstacles that range from torrentialrains and leaky roofs to turkey vultureslanding on and shorting out the electrical transformers.Michael LaBarbera, chairman ofthe Committee on Evolutionary Biology and associate professor in the Departments of Anatomy and Geophysical Sciences and the College, has beenstudying living brachiopods for tenyears, mostly off the northwest coastof North America. He is probably theworld's leading authority on the physiology of living brachiopods. His unusual combination of skills andexpertise — with fossils, with invertebrate anatomy, evolutionary theory,and biomechanics — helps him come upwith questions about evolution thatcan be answered in a laboratory. BruceFouke, a second-year graduate studentin the Department of Geophysical Sciences, plans to use his training in geology and paleontology to help him study marine ecological history. Afterearning an M.S. from the University ofIowa, Bruce came to the University ofChicago to work with Michael on brachiopods, and has accompanied himon this trip to gather data on the ecology of brachiopod populations."Mike applies his knowledge ofbiology and biomechanics and asksquestions that are testable in the modern world," Bruce explained. "Butthen he takes it a step further (most biologists don't). He goes on to apply thesame questions— and analogous experimental procedures— to fossil organ isms. When you look at a fossil, it's likehaving one piece in a picture puzzle,and trying to reconstruct the rest of thepuzzle— the physiology and ecology—from that one little piece. Michael'sresearch will help us find some of theother pieces."Three years ago Michael learnedthat five species of very small brachiopods could be found just off thenorth coast of Jamaica, near a laboratory famous for coral physiology studies.He applied for, and received, a three-year grant from the National ScienceFoundation (NSF) to study the hydrodynamics and scaling of these species.He reasoned that if he could show thatthe smaller species of brachiopod, likethe other eight species he's studied,function as what he calls "minimal organisms," he could then prove that allliving brachiopods (and probably allfossil brachiopods) were minimal organisms. He would thus improve onour ability to interpret the excellentfossil record of brachiopods— and theevolutionary process in general.Proving that a brachiopod is a"minimal organism" involves measuring its metabolism and its rate of oxygen consumption. But since theseanimals have the lowest oxygen consumption per unit weight of body tissue of any animal on this planet (andtheir body tissue weighs less than 0.01gram, or three ten-thousandths of anounce) their oxygen consumption canonly be measured with an elaborate series of contraptions. These include apolarographic oxygen meter and chartrecorder attuned to record oxygen content in water at levels as minute as 0.4parts per billion.In September 1984, Michael arrived at the marine laboratory at Discovery Bay, Jamaica, with the oxygenmeter, which he'd tested in Chicagoand shipped with great care to the lab.In two days it was set up. Michael turned it on— and it broke. The broken part,ordered by phone, and re-ordered andre-ordered by Telex, never arrived. Themanufacturer, forgetting Jamaica is inthe West Indies, had forwarded eachurgent request to a branch in Mexico,where it was duly ignored. Michael re-UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986turned to Chicago with some excitingfindings from his weeks of underwaterresearch in Jamaica. But he had information on not one metabolic rate — theprimary purpose of the trip. Thismeant that in the fall of 1985 he had twotwelve-week sessions left in which todo the work of three.He arrived in October with everything from an underwater movie camera housing to assorted nuts and boltsand dish towels. The oxygen meter isworking well this year, but soon after itwas set up, both of the lab's seawaterpumps failed, and for two daysMichael had to carry buckets up fromthe dock just to keep his animals alive.Electricity and fresh water are equallyunreliable in rural Jamaica. Sometimesthere is no water in which to washequipment. Now something is wrongwith the oxygen content of the seawater being pumped into the "wet" lab.Michael hasn't yet decided whetherthe seawater tanks have been contaminated by bauxite from the breakwaterunder construction at the lab, but hecan tell his results are strangelyskewed.I tag around after Michael, as—outwardly calm — he works on relatedprojects and advises his students,Bruce and his wife, Susan SponaugleFouke, a senior in the College who wasawarded a grant from the Richter Fundto study gorgonians for her senior honors thesis. As Michael checks a pressure gauge or chases a renegadeshrimp around his brachiopod basin-one of the many wide, flat tanks in thelab— he answers my questions."Brachiopods have such a superbfossil record that they can tell us a lotabout evolution and how it works oververy long periods of time. Except thatwe don't understand why a brachiopod has the particular shell shape orornamentation or body size that it doesbecause we don't know the first thingabout their biology. Most biologistsconsider them to be rare animals.They're not rare. It's just that they'renot found in the environments biologists typically sample. They're hard toget to, in underwater caves and in verydeep areas where direct access is diffi cult or impossible . ' 'Back in the Cambrian age, 550 million years ago, life was just beginningto evolve on earth. The lands were barren, and the seas contained no vertebrates — no fish and no amphibians —just a few worms, crustaceans, andbrachiopods. Lots of brachiopods. Thefossil record suggests that throughoutthe Paleozoic era (estimated to be 600million to 300 million years ago, or approximately half the record of animallife on earth) more than 12,000 speciesof brachiopods dominated the seas.Michael has been collecting brachiopod fossils since he was a child."Where I grew up, near Rochester,New York, you kick the dirt and you'vefound fossil brachiopods. You also findfossil bryozoans and stalked cri-noids." Continental drift has bestowed on western New York rock that,during the Devonian, 400 million yearsago, lay in the shallow waters of the Atlantic coast. Today, 340 described species of brachiopods have mostly retreated to deep waters. Michael's grantoriginally included a budget to pay professional divers to collect slabs ofcoral from 180 feet down. But years ofbrachiopod collecting have given himan instinct for where brachiopods liketo live. He was able to find coloniesin moderate abundance at thirty tofifty-five feet, where he and Bruce cansafely dive and collect specimensthemselves. This year he discoveredsome species in waters as shallow asseventeen feet. "I was decompressing,waiting around, and I thought I mightas well look for brachiopods while Iwaited. I saw a cave that looked likejust the sort of place I'd want to live if Iwere a brachiopod, with lots of cozyniches for brachs to hide in. I didn't immediately see any — one never does —but I found a slab of coral nestled between two others and chipped it off.Tropical brachs aren't supposed to liveabove 100 feet below the surface. Onlyno one told these guys!"Michael is determined to collect accurate measurements for body weightand shell length, width, and volume, aswell as metabolic rate, for each species.He also plans to dissect a representa-Michael LaBarbera checks a gauge on a flow tank in his laboratory in the Anatomy Building, oncampus, while overseeing an experiment by a student.5five number of each species in order todetermine the way in which they foldtheir feeding organ (the lophophore)and to measure its size."I should be able to look back at acommunity of fossil brachiopods andtell you, just from the size of the shellsand the distribution of sizes, howmuch oxygen all those brachs consumed, how much food they needed tokeep them going, ' ' he said ."Most of the primitive groups —brachiopods and stalked crinoids—seem to be animals that more or lessapproach a minimal organism. They tendto have low metabolic rates, they tendto be very efficient in their energeticprocesses, whereas many of the morerecently evolved organisms tend to be,in a sense, wasters— they sacrifice efficiency for rate. Bivalves will pump water many times faster than a brachiopodwould. You can compare the metabolism of other pairs of animals — say amongoose (did I tell you I saw a mongoose here?) and snake— in the sameway. The mongoose is a lot faster thanthe snake when it's cold outside, but ituses up a great deal of food to keep itself so warm and active. Your averagesnake can get by on two good meals ayear. It takes eighty times as much foodto sustain a warm-blooded mammal asit would to sustain an amphibian ofequivalent body weight. Brachiopodsare an extreme case. By mammalianstandards, they are barely alive. I thinktheir commitment to the strategy ofmaximizing efficiency implies thatthey probably originally evolved in asituation where that was an importantvariable— where resources were at apremium. The productivity of theoceans may well have been lower in thePaleozoic." In other words, therewasn't much food around: the seaswere not nearly as rich in nutrientsthen as they are today.Michael feels strongly that it is onlyby going out into the field and collecting more data that we can put ourselves in a position to ask testablequestions about the process of specia-tion (the production of a new species,or genetically isolated populations)."It doesn't suffice to come up with an mmmj^tohr^ A brachiopod isolated in a tank inLaBarbera 's laboratory. The openshell indicates it is feeding. Thisview is from the front; the delicatestrands inside the shell are part ofthe animal 's feeding organ, calleda lophophore. The animal measures approximately one-quarterinch across.A brachiopod from the side, in alaboratory tank. Dye is beingput into the water from a plastictube; the dye is carried in currentscreated by the animal 's lophophore(feeding organ) to and away fromthe animal. The purpose of thedye is to mark the water flow. Bymeasuring the amount of waterpumped per unit in the area ofthe feeding organ, LaBarbera canevaluate the amount of energy usedby the brachiopod .LaBarbera was in a small submarine when he took the photo ofstalked crinoids shown at left. Thecrinoids were photographed 700feet below the surface in the watersoff Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Thestalked crinoids shown are about2.5 feet long. Fossil crinoids havebeen found measuring ninety feetin length .6 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986elegant theory to fit known data. Thezoologist must go into the field or thelab and take measurements," he said.Even the very best paleontologists, likeMartin Rudwick, professor in the history of science department at Princeton University, may devise convincingtheories explaining brachiopod physiology that are not finally supportedwhen the data come in. Rudwick wasone of the first to rigorously interpretfossil brachiopods as living animals."I've been studying the differentmorphologies of the lophophore — thedifferent coiling patterns — in differentspecies of brachiopods for a number ofyears now. I was convinced of Rudwick'shypothesis, that changes in the lophophore coiling pattern occurred to maintain a constant surface-to-volume ratiobetween the lophophore area and theanimal's biomass as the animal's sizechanged. That's such a nice, eleganttheory — and it makes so much sense.What I found was that the various patterns are really ways for the larger animals to avoid having to open their shellso far in order to feed."Michael explains that the biomechanics of brachiopods can work inways counter to our commonsense intuitions, simply because the animalsare so small. Very small animals experience the physical world we share withthem in radically different ways thanwe do. They live in a world where gravity is a negligible force and the atmosphere is the consistency of molasses.Sea currents cannot rush past a creature one centimeter high living on acoral reef: that close to a stable surface,water slides by in an orderly, statelyfashion — even though it may move tento fifty times the animal's length eachsecond. Michael describes the effectsof these various forces and of scaling,in his graduate classes on fluid dynamics, biomechanics, and allometry (themeasure of the relative growth of a partin relation to the entire organism). Hestudies organisms as if they were littlemachines— engineering problems inreverse, as he puts it, where you look atthe finished structure— the animal—and try to figure out why nature constructed it just that way and what forces, Stalking Stalked CrinoidsIf you've ever collected shells along Lake Michigan's shores youno doubt have encountered small, round, flat objects, hollow inthe center, about a quarter-inch in diameter, which very muchresemble beads from a necklace. They are fossils of stalked crinoids. Some people make necklaces with them. We asked Michael LaBarbera about these. "Funny you asked," he replied."I've applied for a grant to study them next year."Back when brachiopods were as common as clams are today,the other dominant animal in benthic environments was thestalked crinoid. When brachiopods began to decline in the Permian period stalked crinoids also declined. Stalked crinoidsstill exist today, but they are restricted to deep water, usually indepths of 500 feet or more."I've used a two-man submarine to do some exploratory workoff Discovery Bay in Jamaica, "said Michael. "I hope to be studying stalked crinoids next year with Tomasz Baumiller, (AB'79), agraduate student in geophysics."We're interested in stalked crinoids for many of the samereasons we're interested in brachiopods. There appears to be avery common pattern, along with many other groups of animals. These animals first appear in shallow water, close toshore. Then, over geological time they seem to be pushed offshore, off the continental shelves, into deep water. This hasbeen documented by Jack Sepkoski, professor in the Departments of Geophysical Sciences, Anatomy, and the Committeeon Evolutionary Biology, and the College, and David Jablonski,associate professor in the Department of Geophysical Sciences,the Committee on Evolutionary Biology, and the College. "Wehave no idea why the pattern exists, which is one reason wewant to look at them, and to test some theories about why animals should be pushed into deeper water over time. At the moment we know nothing about the biology of stalked crinoids.Brachiopods and stalked crinoids are two very different members of the animal community that went through similar patterns, but we know so little about the biology of the animals thatwe cannot interpret the fossils. If we could understand whattheir morphology implied about their ecological interactionsand biology, then we could begin to reconstruct the ecology ofthe animals at the time they were alive. We hope to spend over100 hours in deep waters studying them, learning about theirecology and predators."The crinoid fossils you can find on Lake Michigan' s shoresare on the order of 450 million years old. What you are findingon the beach are fossils of the ossicles, segments of the stalks.The reason you can find so many is that they are particularly resistant fossils; they have not been broken down by the myriadprocesses that turn animal remains into sediments. The reasonone finds segments of the stalks and not the crowns is becausethe plates that make up the crown fall apart soon after the animal dies."what constraints determined whichmodifications in structure. In one of hislectures he demonstrates that monsterssuch as huge insects in science-fictionmovies are mechanical impossibilities.We stop to look at the flow tankwith Susan's gorgonians, and I makethe mistake of asking whether they areplants or animals. "Both," says Susan,smiling brightly. "Each animal is acolony of suspension-feeding polyps.They feed on the little brine shrimp inthe water, but they also contain algae"When you look ata fossil, it's likehaving one piece ina picture puzzle,and trying toreconstruct the restof the puzzle - thephysiology andecology - from thatone little piece."within their living tissues. This animal-algal relationship creates a complexnutritional balance between photosynthesis and suspension-feeding that westill don't understand very well."Susan is studying the importance ofthe flexibility of gorgonian stalks todrag reduction and feeding ability.Why are gorgonian stalks flexible rather than rigid? What's the advantage to the colony? Does flexibility keep themfrom being uprooted by ocean currents? Gorgonians are suspensionfeeders. Like brachiopods, they catchparticles of food from the seawater as itflows by them. Susan plans to find outthe current velocities in which gorgonians catch the most food. Accordingto Michael, the hydrodynamics of suspension feeding suggests there may bea relatively narrow range of flow velocities over which polyp feeding is efficient. Susan will test this and will learnmore about growth rates and how theyrespond to light.To study gorgonians, Susan has tocollect them from the coral reefs in thesame way that Michael and Bruce collect their brachiopods, by diving withscuba tanks. Weather permitting,Bruce and Susan go diving nearly every day. They return around lunch-time, tired and smiling after a morning's dive, to report new findings— orto report that someone put the wronggas in the outboard motor, the new battery doesn't work on the light meter, orsediment ruined visibility at one of theobservation sites. I've heard enoughstories of diving accidents (Michaelburst an eardrum last year gatheringspecimens) to be happy I can't participate in these adventures.I do have an opportunity to accompany the divers in their boat, however.We set out— Bruce, Susan, Michael, alab technician named George, and I—at 8:30 the next morning, after loadingthe boat with flippers, rubber socks,gloves, masks, depth gauges, four setsof tanks, underwater magnifiers (madeby Bruce), three cameras, two buckets,and water-proof slates and pencils.The weather is perfect. The divers areeager to get to their sampling site at RioBueno before the day's breeze picksup. As we approach the site, smoothswells are moving across the bay; looking over the side of the boat, I can seealmost to the bottom, forty-five feetdown— bright patches of sand, and theduller coral reef. The divers are all suddenly beaming at each other, elated."You can come along any time!"laughs Bruce. "You've brought clearwater. Look at this ! ' ' Susan asks if I get seasick. Georgesays it's too calm for seasickness, butlater, after half an hour in the bobbingboat has undone me, I am glad to havebeen warned. My cure for the motionsickness— singing at the top of mylungs— puzzles a Jamaican fishermanwho glides by in a slender wooden canoe, his dreadlocks piled into a looseknit cap, his eyes curious, guarded.Michael heaves the compressed-airtank onto his back and falls off the boatbackwards into the water. Bruce andSusan put their tanks on in the water.Either way, the putting-on of gear reminds me of medieval fighters donning armor. In a shimmer of bubbles,they are gone below the surface. Theywill stay down for about forty-fiveminutes, including the time they needto "decompress" — to let the nitrogenthat has been squeezed into their bloodand tissues at the higher pressure seepout slowly. Otherwise it will form potentially deadly bubbles in their blood.Earlier in the month, Bruce hadvolunteered to spend an evening in thedecompression chamber with an accident victim, so even though he's neverhad a diving accident himself, he hasgone through the stress, claustrophobia, and actual physical danger of fivehours in a high-pressure cell that measures seven feet long and three indiameter. Just looking at the steelfurnace-like compression chamber,with its many valves and one smallwindow, gave me the creeps. But Brucecombines an intellectual understanding of the danger with calm, cheerfulconfidence. "The only hard part aboutscientific diving," he told me, "is thatyour mind thinks as if you're on land,but you're under a lot of physical constraints because you're on scuba. Soyou're trying to think, O.K., let's see,those animals are sixteen centimeters apart;but then at the same time you're thinking, I'm at sixty-two feet, I have thirteenminutes left, I have this much air. You'realways planning. You have to organizea complete dive-plan before you getanywhere near the water, and thenwhile you're concentrating on yourwork, you have to remember to keepfollowing your plan. You can't get8 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986caught up in the research and stopthinking about where you are. Your toppriority always has to be safety."No smart diver, given a choice,would prefer to dive in a cave. But brachiopods live in caves, so that is whereMichael and Bruce dive most of thetime here. They have to find the cave,enter it, take measurements and remove samples in the limited time it issafe to work at thirty-five feet. If thewind picks up and a current clouds thecave, or if any equipment stops working, that's it for the day: you can'tcome back and finish up after supper.Collaboration is crucial in scientificdiving; ideally, three or four go out inthe boat together. Bruce can take lightmeasurements while Susan recordsthem. Susan can select the species ofgorgonians she wants to study, andBruce can help her test them. At thesame time they are double-checkingeach other's time and are ready to helpeach other if anything goes wrong.Bruce always carries an "octopusrig"— an extra regulator— on his tank.If Susan's regulator were to fail, or ifshe were to run out of oxygen, shewould be able to breathe from his tank.After lunch (I'm disappointed withbreadfruit— it tastes like WonderBread), Michael is back in the lab working with the chart recorder. Inside asmall, watertight Plexiglas chamber,complete with water-stirrer and goldpolarographic oxygen sensor, sits onediminutive brachiopod (genus Lacazel-la). Michael lowers the chamber into abath of water attached to a circulatorand control that keeps the temperatureconstant within one-hundreth of a degree centigrade. This, too, is coveredwith black garbage bags— except for apeep hole, through which we watch tosee when the brachiopod will relax andopen up. Michael explains that the sensor works by measuring the amount ofoxygen in the layer of water right nextto the gold electrode. As the brachiopod metabolizes oxygen, the stirrer ensures that the level of oxygen ismore or less constant throughout thechamber (and keeps the brachiopod happy by mimicking natural currents),while the sensor, attached to the chartrecorder, keeps track of every changein the oxygen level.I ask if there isn't an easier way toget these measurements. "Yes, thereare four, ' 'says Michael, and he goes onto explain why each of the four wouldproduce results less reliable than thosefrom this system. I absorb about a fifthof what he's telling me; meanwhile,being careful not to bump anything ormove quickly, I peek in at the brachiopod on its Plexiglas throne."Is it open?" he asks."Nope."Two weeks ago Michael discovereda new species of brachiopod, in the genus Discinisca. Last week he managedto dissect brachiopod brood sacks outof the Lacazella and release the embryos, which promptly began swimming around, looking for an appropriate substrate for attachment. Thisweek he and Bruce discovered whateats brachiopods— sea urchins. "Wehave the first known predator for brachiopods. We found that Diadema willeat brachiopods in the lab, and recovered pieces of brachiopod shell fromtheir feces. Now Bruce can dive forDiadema by the cave, and we'll see if wecan find brachiopod shell remains inthe guts of animals in their natural environment. That will be conclusiveproof. We may have the explanation forwhy brachiopods live only in deepwaters — where the sea urchins don'tgo — or in caves, where they can'treach."These findings are exciting. But atmy last dinner before the flight back,the answer to my question, "Will youget the metabolic rates you need?" isstill "I don't know." Part of the energywith which Michael has just handshredded an entire coconut for the goatcurry he's preparing is clearly nervoustension. Bruce, Susan, Michael, and Ienjoy the curry by candlelight andmosquito-repellent coil out on the veranda overlooking the bay. The view isbreathtaking, but it includes the labwhere something is still wrong with the seawater. Michael's pet damselfishis sick. He now thinks the seawater intake system must be sucking in bauxitefrom the breakwater. It's not that themeasuring mechanism is off; the oxygen content of the seawater in the labhas changed.I find it odd to be on a tropical island listening to the night calls ofgekkos as the moon reflects off the water below, eating fresh pineapple,sipping rum and tonic, and worryingabout the oxygen content of some seawater tank. Michael looks tired. He hastwo more weeks— assuming the powerand water pumps don't fail— in whichto solve the water problem, record hisdata, and pack up. Bruce raises hisglass of fresh soursop juice (a local delicacy that tastes like strawberries) andtoasts to a safe return to the States — forall of us.Mail from the Caribbean is 'extremely slow. Three weeks later, afterMichael, Bruce, and Susan have returned to Chicago, I receive an airletterfrom Discovery Bay: the jeep has broken down again; some tourists werebadly stung by sea wasps; a doctorbirdflew into the lab and had to be hand-carried to safety. The damselfish—who'd snatched bits of snail from myhand — died, but Michael has succeeded in modifying the experimental procedure so that the chart recorder makessense again. He now, finally, has accurate figures for metabolic rates of fourspecies— enough to show NSF that hehas a proven system all set up for nextyear. "Bruce did catch those Diadema,and Susan's work goes very well, too. Ireally think if she had one more weekhere, she'd have enough material for amaster's thesis. We are scrambling tofinish up and get packed: I've takensome pictures of Bruce and Susan thatyou might be able to use in your article.Hope they come out."Maggie Hivnor, AM' 77, is the paperback editor at the University of ChicagoPress.WesternCivGetsNewBooks -AndGoesontheRoad It is a history course with a fascinating history of its own.Future historians will note that in1986 the College's thirty-nine-year-oldHistory of Western Civilization courselaunched its first series of typeset readings, in handsomely designed book formats. Prior to this, the readings hadbeen pulled from other sources and puttogether informally, so that the resultingbooks were a collection of pieces set invarying typefaces, or even typewritten.Many of the familiar readings are in newtranslations, and some readings arecompletely new to the course. Moreover, the new books are to be made available to other colleges and to the generalpublic.This spring the University of Chicago Press began publishing the University of Chicago Readings in "Western Civilization. By the end of the year ninevolumes spanning civilization from thecity-states of Greece to the latter half ofthe twentieth century will be in print.The series will include The Greek Polis(Volume 1); Rome: Late Republic and Prin-cipate (Volume 2); The Church in theRoman Empire (Volume 3); MedievalEurope (Volume 4); The Renaissance (Volume 5); Early Modern Europe: Crisis ofAuthority (Volume 6); The Ancien Regimeand the Trench Revolution (Volume 7);Nineteenth-Century Europe: Liberalism inan Age of Industrialization (Volume 8) andTwentieth-Century Europe (Volume 9). The College's39-year-oldHistory of WesternCivilization Coursehas, for the firsttime, formallypublished books.The course itself isbeing demonstratedto other colleges.10 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986EDICT FOR THE RELIEF OFPERSECUTED CHRISTIANS1 EDICT FOR THE RELIEF OF CHRISTIANS 93narrative. It is taken from an authentic copy of the imperial statuteIn my own possession; and the signature in the emperor's own handwriting attaches afl it were the impress of truth lo the statement 1have made.The relations between Constantlne and Llclnius were strainedfrom the beginning. Llclnius displayed increasing hostility towards the Christians although no Urge-scale persecutions tookplace. The Christians of the East looked to Constantlne as theirprotector. In 324 A.D. war broke out; Llcinlus was defeated andsurrendered; he was executed In the following year.Now that he had restored the unity of the Empire, Constantlneproclaimed his personal adherance to the Christian faith withoutreservation. The following statute probably was promulgated immediately alter Constantlne's victory over Llclnius. Chapter 23contains Euseblus' introduction to the Emperor's letter which isthen quoted in full. Identical proclamations apparently were addressed to the Inhabitants of ail eastern provincesCHAPTER XXIHAnd now that, through the powerful aid of God his Saviour, allnations owned their subjection to the emperor's authority, he openlyproclaimed to all the name of Him to whose bounty he owed all hisblessings, and declared that He, and not himself, was the author ofhis past victories. This declaration, written both in the Latin andGreek languages, he caused to be transmitted through every provinceof the empire. Now the excellence of his style of expression may beknown from a perusal of hie letters themselves, which were two innumber; one addressed to the churches of God; the other to theheathen population in the several cities of the empire. The latterof these I think it well to insert here, as connected with my presentsubject, in order on the one hand that a copy of this document maybe recorded as matter of history, and thus preserved to posterity,and on the other that It may serve to confirm the truth of my present1. Euseblus, Life of Constantlne, H, 23, 24, 28-30, 42, reproducedfrom The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Philip SchaJf andHenry Wale, Editors, Second Series, Vol. I. (New York: TheChristian Literature Company, 1890), pp. 506, 507-8, 510. CHAPTER XXTV"VICTOR CONSTANTINUS, MAXIMUS AUGUSTUS, to the inhabitants of the province of Palestine."To all who entertain just and good sentiments respecting thecharacter of the Supreme Being, It has long been most clearly evident, and beyond the possibility of doubt, how vast a difference therehas ever been between those who maintain a careful observance ofthe hallowed duties of the Christian religion, and those who treatthis religion with hostility or contempt. But at this present time7we may see by still more manifest proofs, and still more decisiveinstances, both how unreasonable it were to question this truth, and'I how mighty Is the power of the Supreme God- since it appears thatI they who faithfully observe His holy laws, andsh"rlnk from the trans[ gresslon of His commandments, are rewarded with abundant bleslunded hope as well as amplegs. On the othei have experiencedow ia it to be ex-who neither desired[ ings, and are endued with \I power for the accomplishment of their undertakerhand, they who have cherished impious sentimentresults corresponding to their evil choice For rpected that any blessing would be obtained by oneto acknowledge nor duly to worship that God who is the source of allblessing? Indeed, facts themselves are a confirmation of what I say.fCHAPTER XXVTJI"And now, with such a mass of impiety oppressing the human race,f and the commonwealth in danger of being utterly destroyed, as if byf the agency 67 BOme pestilential disease, and therefore needing *^J powerful and effectual aid, what was the relief, and what the remedywhich the Divinity devised for theBe evils? (And by Divinity is meantthe one who is alone and truly God, the possessor of almighty andeternal power: and surely It cannot be deemed arrogance in one whohas received benefits from God, to acknowledge them in the loftiestI of History, of Western Civilization: Selected Readings by the College Historycen reproduceFoundations and Developments Foundations and Development7. Lords, Vassals, and Tenants in the NormanSumma de legibusOn the Pufcc1 . The duke of Normandy or the prince is the one who holds the lordship[principaium] over the entire duchy This digniiy the lord king of Franceholds together with the other honors to which, with the aid of the Lord, hehas been raised. From this it pertains to him to preserve the peace of theland, to correct the people by the rod of justice, and by the measure ofequity to end pnvaie disputes. Therefore, he should through the justiciarssubject to him see to it that the people under his authority rejoice in the ruleof justice and the tranquillity of peace. He should search out, capture, andkeep in strong prisons, until they have received the wages of their crimes,robbers, thieves, arsonists, murderers, the violent deflowerers of virgins,rapers of women, committers of mayhem and other public disturbers, andothers held in public infamy, who may cause damage 10 life or limbConcerning Liege HomageI . The duke of Normandy ought to have liege homage or the loyalty of allthe men of his entire province From this they are bound to him against allmen. who may live or die, lo offer the assistance of their own body in counsel and in aid, and to show themselves to him inoffensive in all things, andin nothing to lake the side of his adversaries2. He also is obligated to rule, protect, defend, and Ireal them accordingto the rights, customs, and laws of the randOn FealtyI All those living in the province are bound to do and to maintain fealty tothe duke. For this they are hound to show themselves inoffensive andfaithful to him in all things, and not to procure anything against his interests, nor to give counsel or aid to his manifest enemies Whoever may bediscovered to have violated this by evident cause should be reputed notorious traitors of the prince, and all their possessions shall forever remain tothe prince, if for this they are convicted and condemned For all men inNormandy are bound to observe fealty to the pnnce Therefore, no oneought to receive homage or fealty from anyone else unless reserving higherFrom The HworyofFtvdnfom. inflated by David Herlihy (New York H arper and Row.1970). pp 177-87 fealty to the prince This is also to be explicitly staled in receiving theirfealty.2. Between other lords and their vassals, faith ought so lo be maintainedthat neither one of them ought to call for corporal violence or for violentblows against the person of another parry If any of them should be accusedof this in court and convicted, he is bound altogether to lose his fief forviolating the faith he was obligated to observe3. If this act should be discovered in a lord, homage should revert to hissuperior and dues should no longer be given, excepting whai is owed thepnnce4. If, however, a vassal should be shown guilty of this, he shall be deprived of his land and nght, which shall remain to the lord !t is of courseunderstood that they will be clearly convicted of this in court, as the custom of Normandy requiresConcerning the ArmyI . Service in the army is to be done with arms for the benefit of the princeas it has been customary in fiefs and in lowns. This service is for forty daysin defense of the land and for the prince's need, when he scls forth in anyexpedition, those who hold fiefs or live in [owns delegated for this serviceought lo and are bound to perform it For all knight's fees (fiefs of a knight]instituted for the service of the duchy must fulfill this service, counties andbaronies also, as well as all (owns having a commune2. Knight's fees in the counties and baronies which were not establishedfor the service of the duchy do not owe service in the army, bui only to thelords to whom they are subjected, excepting, however, the general levy ofthe prince \retrobamum\, lo which all who are capable of bearing arms arebound to come without any excuse3. The general levy is said to occur when the duke of Normandy, inorder to repel an attack of the enemy in any expedition, goes through Normandy and orders that all who are capable of wielding arms should armthemselves for his help, no matter in what sort of arms they may be found,in order to repel the enemy However, after forty days are completed in theservice of the prince, if the need of the prince should demand il. they shallremain in his service at the expense of the prince, as reason should require4. No one who owes this service may by any manner excuse himselffrom service in the army of the prince . unless by the evident impairment ofhis own body, and then he is bound (o send a substitute who can performfor him the service which he owes5 At times the name of military aid is given to that monetary paymentwhich the pnnce of Normandy allows his barons and knights to collectMedieval Europe, Volume 4 o/University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilizatithe University of Chicago Press.Volumes 3 and 4 were published thisspring.A guide to the series, An Introduction for Teachers, was written by the lateEric Cochrane, who also co-edited twoof the volumes. (Cochrane, professorin the Department of History, died inFlorence, Italy, last November. SeeDeaths, P49.) In addition, there is acompanion volume to the readings,History of Western Civilization: A Handbook, by William McNeill, which gives achronology of events; it is now in itssixth edition.Western Civ, as it is called by students and teachers, was started in typical University of Chicago fashion whenone group of faculty disagreed withanother group. The course was established in 1947 when several facultymembers asserted that the development of an educated mind includes anunderstanding of the contexts of historical change as well as an appreciation of timeless values. Their contention challenged some basic intellectualassumptions of what has come to beknown as the Hutchins College. (Theoriginal group of dissenters includedWilliam H. McNeill, AB'38, AM'39,now the Robert A. Millikan Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of History and the College,Sylvia Thrupp, professor emerita ofhistory at the University of Michigan,and the late Christian Mackauer.)'All the courses then required ofundergraduates in the natural and social sciences and in the humanitiesaimed at a comprehension and an appreciation of the abstract, the eternal,the permanently valid," recalledCochrane, in his Introduction forTeachers."This ahistorical approach was notthe result of chance. It was supportedphilosophically by an oft-cited passagein the Poetics of Aristotle, at that timethe titular deity of the University's humanities division. History, proclaimedAristotle, is concerned with the particular. It is therefore inferior to poetry,which is concerned with the general,"Cochrane wrote.The Western Civ course was established to show that "an appreciation of the transient nature of the past is thebest way of inculcating an appreciationof the transient nature of the present.The course was designed to use original texts. (At that time in the College,the majority of courses were taughtfrom original documents only. The study of original texts continues to bestressed in humanities and social science courses in the College today.)As a result, Western Civ has produced its own unique set of readings,which have been analyzed and discussed by generations of students.Since the course was established, thefaculty has always compiled the readings for it. For many years the Collegesubsidized the publication of the readings, in simple, inexpensive, paperbackformat— the famous College syllabi.These syllabi, with pale blue or lacklustertan paper covers, were published formany courses, and were familiar companions to College students. To keepcosts low, the material was reproducedfrom other sources, frequently withtypos and sometimes with materialmissing, or pages in improper sequence.(No doubt hundreds of syllabi still adornbookshelves or are stashed away in boxesin attics of alumni throughout the world .A set of inspired readings is not readilytossed out by true book-lovers.)"The College was able to keep costsof the syllabi down because it wouldhave the Press print five or six years'worth at a time, and would keep thestock in a warehouse. But in recentyears, this proved to be financially unfeasible, "explained JohnBoyer, AM'69,PhD '75, professor in the Department ofHistory and chairman of the History ofWestern Civilization course . "The cost ofprinting the books, even in cheap papereditions, kept going up until they wererunning about $18 a volume . ' ' Boyer andJulius Kirshner, professor in the Department of History, are general editors ofthe series."In 1983, the National Endowmentfor the Humanities was offering support to university faculty to rethink oldcourses, rather than to invent newcourses," he said. "There was at thetime among a number of us a sense thatit would be an intellectually interesting thing to revise the readings, and reallya necessary thing to revive the course.Jules (Kirshner) and I then wrote aproposal to NEH for fundingto publish the books." They got thegrant, and with the late Eric Cochraneand other colleagues, began workingon the new set.In making the grant, NEH stipulated that the volumes be made availableto colleges throughout the country,and that the University have an Outreach Program, to introduce the courseto other colleges.Students in the College have beentaking the History of Western Civilization course for thirty-nine years. Although methods of teaching the coursehave changed somewhat over theyears, generally the course remainsvery similar to what it was when it wasfirst introduced. When the course wasfirst offered it included readings on interpreting history; these have beendropped, as were large lecture classeswhich had supplemented individualclasses. In the College today, individual teachers may choose to teach Western Civ as they wish, and may chooseamong the readings. But all sections ofthe course still stress discussion oftexts by students. Western Civ is still athree-quarter sequence. Many students have taken the course to satisfy aCollege requirement of completing ayear-long civilization course. (The requirement has been kept in curriculumchanges scheduled to begin in the College in the fall.)Boyer and Kirshner talked aboutthe new volumes.The selections were picked becauseof their current interest, their cohesive-ness to selected themes and their usefulness in teaching. As a result, someworks never before published as well assome new translations were includedamong more familiar works.Some were chosen just for "delight," said Kirshner. "When my latecolleague Eric Cochrane and I co-edited the Renaissance volume, thetexts we chose were meant both to instruct and delight. There were textsthat we just loved; we had read theoriginals and they provoked us. They'd12 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986never before been translated and wewanted to share the excitement we hadover these texts."For example, they included twosermons by Bernardino da Siena, afourteenth-century preacher who wasa member of the Order of Friars Minor,"On the Vanity of the World and Especially of Women," and "On Usury";and the "Florentine Diary" of LucaLanducci, a fifteenth-century Florentine merchant."What I find striking about thereadings is that we are crafting acourse in western civilization and wedon't have every great personage fromhistory in these volumes," saidKirshner. "It's not a collection of writings from great personages. We didn'tset out to concoct a canon of writerswhich, if you read them all, will stampyou as a certified intellectual. ' 'The documents in the Western Civclasses are analyzed by questions of"pastness, time, change over time, differences between facts and evidence, "said Kirshner. "Certain terms like republic, or something like law, for example, change over time, gradually andsometimes radically. How so? Why?What's the context of the change?"I think the most effective teachersof the course are those who can sustainthat kind of searching spotlight onsome of the key ideas. I would say atheme for the course would be continuity in change, ' ' he said ."It's really an attempt to anchorhistorical consciousness, to make thestudents understand that today cannotbe understood without yesterday andthat tomorrow cannot be understoodwithout today, ' ' Boyer said ."Nothing inevitable happened inour own heritage. What did happenwas fought over. There was always astruggle. That which is bequeathed tous today and seems natural, that seemsuninterruptible, in fact, often was bornmore of a ferocious struggle," saidKirshner.That struggle comes through clearly when students read the competingspeeches of Prime Minister NevilleChamberlain and Winston Churchillon the subject of appeasement to Hitler before World War II. Although fromour own perspective, the notion of appeasing someone as ruthless as Hitlerseems foolish, the choice of what to doabout the dictator was not so easy forthe British during the 1930s."If you go back to those documentsand you read Chamberlain, he comesoff as presenting a seductive and verypopular, although morally horrendous, policy. Nowhere in Churchill'sspeech in October, 1938— which was abrilliant attack on the blindness ofappeasement— are there practical proposals to do something other thanwhat Chamberlain was doing, short ofrisking a major war, ' ' said Boyer."I think the students really areforced by going back to the originals tosee the complexities and intricacies ofthis period in a way that reading a textbook with five lines on appeasementjust doesn't do," he said."What we're seeing are consequences of actions of our predecessors,of people born before us— and if we aregoing to deal with our own world thenwe should try to understand how theissues came about which we have toconfront, and maybe by understanding their origins, maybe by understanding even previous debates, wewill find alternatives or solutions,"Kirshner said."This course in many ways is kindof an ultrademocratic course," he continued. "What the instructor says tothe students is— look, yes, I'm an authority, but I became an authority because I never took the word of authorities as truth. If you want to become aresponsible reader, if you want to become a critical reader, you are going tohave to interpret these documents byyourself and the way to do that is tostart reading and don't worry aboutwhat authorities have to say."Increased interest in the role ofwomen in history led to the inclusionof a number of new documents authored by women. That inclusion is theresult of what Cochrane called "histo-riographical currency." Because members of the Western Civ staff are scholars as well as teachers, they are awareof current research trends and they in cluded documents reflecting currentresearch.There was no adequate set of readings from the twentieth century in theoriginal syllabi. One of the items in thenew Twentieth-Century volume is apamphlet by British suffragette MabelAtkinson entitled "The EconomicFoundations of the Women's Movement.""This pamphlet was published in1914 but it seems very modern.Atkinson said that if women were tomove ahead, they would have to get notonly political rights, such as the right tovote, but also economic opportunitiesthrough maternity leave and guaranteedjob security," Boyer said.The pamphlet is an example of theimportance of cohesion in selecting thereadings. The editors of the bookschose themes which had an importantimpact on civilization and then soughtreadings to round them out.Atkinson's pamphlet is part of asection on "Mentalities on the Eve ofthe Great War," which includes suchworks as "The Futurist Manifestoes. ' 'To give students another exampleof the role of women, Kirshner andCochrane, in The Renaissance volumeincluded "Letters to Filippo degliStrozzi' ' by Alessandra Macinghi negliStrozzi, a widow in Florence in the fifteenth century. In the letters to her son,who is in Naples, she relates how she ismanaging the family's affairs. The editors hoped that students, by readingthese letters, will gain insight into howfamilies in differing times and societiesshare throughout history similar domestic and financial problems, andobserve that women have frequentlyassumed the role of successful administrators of family affairs.The entire second volume of the series, Rome: Late Republic and Principate isfocused on five major aspects of Roman civilization. Rather than receivinga chronology of Roman emperors and alist of major wars and battles to memorize, students are challenged, for instance, to understand the topic "Romeand Its Subjects" by reading one of Cicero's letters as well as municipal charters and regulations.13Students learn what historianslearn, that "most documents areambiguous.""Not just policymakers or saints-anyone whom we admire was confronted by situations that were terribly ambiguous. The moral choices, politicalchoices, were fraught with uncertainty."We have discussions with students where we ask: given this ambiguity what are we going to do? Shouldwe despair or can we say somethingnonetheless, and how should we sayit? How should we qualify what wesay? And I think, after three quarters,they learn, " Kirshner said.Every spring (since the early 1970s)students in the College take part in aspecial ritual. They sleep out overnightin front of Harper/the College in orderto be first in line to register for certaincourses. Repeatedly, most of them arethere so they can register for the sections of the History of Western Civilization course taught by Karl Weintraub,AB '49, AM '52, PhD'57, the Thomas E.Donnelley Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Historyand the College, and Charles Gray,professor in the Department of Historyand master, the New Collegiate Division. (The late Eric Cochrane, whotaught the course for a quarter century,was also one of the most popular teachers of Western Civ.)"This was considered a capstonecourse, like O.I.I. (Observation, Interpretation, and Integration). Historywas meant to be an integration of otherthings students had been studying andwould come towards the end of a person's time in college, ' ' said Weintraub,who has taught the class since 1954. Today, it is usually taken by students intheir sophomore or junior years."For me Western Civ has alwaysbeen a major teaching obligation,"said Weintraub."You basically are dealing withpeople who are in their late teens orearly twenties and are asking the samekinds of questions. What is really rewarding as a teacher is to see their en counters with the text and know youare reaching them at the right momentwhen you see how they are fascinatedby something they read," Weintraubsaid.Student response to the course hasnot changed, Weintraub said."I hear from my students after theyleave," said Weintraub. "They visitEurope and send me letters, sayinghow much more they understand whatthey see because of what they read inWestern Civilization. I get boxfuls ofletters. And they tell me the books theykept from college were Western Civilization books," he said.One of the people who has writtenWeintraub and keeps his books is Richard Mandel, AB '64, now headmaster of Friends Select School in Philadelphia, PA."I read Cicero for the first time inWestern Civ. Cicero wrestled with thetension of being a person of action and aperson of contemplation, which is something I' ve dealt with, ' ' said Mandel, whohas been a Democratic committeeman inPhiladelphia as well as an educator."Weintraub had a wonderful senseof how to lead a discussion. I think itwas something that was special aboutChicago and something I didn't appreciate at the time. Other teachers seemto stop talking at the end of class andthen pick up where they left off. ForWeintraub, each class was a cohesiveunit, it had its own drama," he said.One of the students who campedout to get into a Weintraub section wasCarol Quillen, AB '83, now a graduatestudent in history at Princeton."We arrived in early evening and itrained. My roommates and I stayedunder one of the arches and sang folksongs during the night. We decidedthat as long as we had to take WesternCiv, we should take the class from thebest teacher. What I remember mostvividly from the class is the first part,the readings on Athens. I had neverknown anything about antiquity andthese readings made that time accessible to me, ' ' she said. Because of her experiences in the class, Quillen decidedto pursue history rather than politicalscience. The course also gave an academic focus to the career of Penny Gold, AB'69,who is now an associate professor of history at Knox College, Galesburg, IL."It was the course that made me interested in history. It was the kind of direct confrontation with people fromthe past— that intense involvementwith a text that made me interested instudying history," she said."I can remember one text in particular, it was from the Carolingian periodand consisted of a list of items in amanor house. I read it before class anddidn't get anything out of it. I remember coming to class and we had thisgreat discussion and I realized that youcould draw things from a list, youcould look behind it and realize thingsabout how people must have lived,"Gold said."I can remember reading Gibbonfor the first time and being very excited. It was like reading an eyewitnessaccount," said Rita Harmos Nessman,AB'50, AB'56, AM'70.The amount of work expected fromstudents and the fast pace of the coursehave caused "astonishment' ' at some ofthe colleges Boyer and other Western Civfaculty have visited as part of the Outreach Program recommended by NEH."We have visited several collegesand there is considerable interest, " saidBoyer. "The initial reaction of colleagues, unless they are alumni of ourCollege or know about the program, isone of amazement. They ask, 'Do theyreally do all of that? Do you really teachthis course?' I think once you move beyond that and persuade them that (a) wedo it and (b) we do it successfully, thenthere's a kind of fascination. We believethat despite the extent and depth of thereadings, the books will be adopted byother colleges and universities. ' 'William Harms, education writer for theUniversity Office of News and Information,contributed to the reporting and writing ofthis article. For information on the University of Chicago Readings in WesternCivilization write to Cynthia Echols, Marketing Department, University of ChicagoPress, 5801 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL60637.14 ¦ UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986My Daughter,the Scientist"*Three who made it to the top ranks ofscience tell how they did it - in spite ofthe opposition.By Chris Anne Raymond and Brigitta CarlsonThey have in common the peculiarity of success.They are scientists even thoughthey are women, and they are of a generation that assumed the two were mutually exclusive.Estelle Ramey, Joanne Simpson,and Mildred Dresselhaus differ in temperament, in background, and in thenature of their work. But they forgedthemselves into scientists out of a common ability to endure and fight a stereotype that would have had them believe it wasn't possible.This year all three are celebrated in"My Daughter, the Scientist," an exhibit of a dozen scientists and engineers created at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. (SeeBox.) Estelle Rubin Ramey, PhD'50, is aprofessor of physiology and biophysics at Georgetown University School ofMedicine in Washington, DC; JoanneGerould Simpson, SB'43, SM'45,PhD'49, is head of the Severe StormsBranch of the Goddard Space FlightCenter, in Greenbelt, MD, part ofthe National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration; Mildred SpiewakDresselhaus, PhD'58, is an InstituteProfessor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA.The prospects for women scientistshave improved considerably since they started their careers. In 1982, for example, twenty-three percent of all Ph.D.recipients in science and engineeringwere women, compared with onlytwelve percent in 1975. But a recentstudy by the National Science Foundation reports that women scientists andengineers are paid less than their malecounterparts, and in academia aremuch less likely to receive tenure andfull professorships. The average salaryfor a woman scientist is $27,600; for hermale counterpart it's $38,700. Of women with doctorates, thirty-nine percenthave tenure, compared with sixty-sixpercent of their male peers. Onlytwenty-one percent of women Ph.D.'sare full professors; fifty percent of menwith Ph.D.'s hold that rank. The statistics alone discourage women from careers in science and engineering. Theirony is that the United States, with itsfierce foreign competition and diminishing number of college students,needs them.Ramey points out that more thanhalf the brains in the United States — allof them female — have been systematically excluded from the effort to solvethe life-and-death problems of our society. She suggests if all the brains inthe country were encouraged to workon such problems that we might nowbe much closer to finding all the "mag-15ic cures" that society seeks for cancerand other major diseases. "Nobody ever benefits from the exclusion of largenumbers of brains in problem solving," she says. "These are not robotsdoing science. These are people andthey bring their prejudices, their blindspots, and all the rest of it. It's impossible for a woman to perceive the worldin precisely the same way as a man simply because she's different. In research, the more differences that arebrought to bear on the solution of a extreme altruism I have been workingfor ways to help men live longer." Butit is clear that she is enormously concerned, in her science and as an outspoken feminist, with improving lifefor men and women. "I'm intriguedwith the implication for humanity,"she says of her research. "It's vital tokeep men alive longer . . . for menand for women."Joanne Simpson, the first womanin the world to get a Ph.D. in meteorology, studies storms at the Goddard whose work has taken large-scaleweather modification out of the realm ofscience fiction. "It was extremely difficult, ' ' she says of her struggle to becomeaccepted as a meteorologist. "It was likepeople crossing the Donner Pass. ' 'Mildred Dresselhaus is a solid-state physicist whose highly technicalresearch, modifying the properties ofelectronic materials, has earned herelection to both the National Academyof Sciences and the National Academyof Engineering. She is also the formerJoanne Gerould Simpson, director, Severe Storms Branch of theGoddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, MD. Mildred Spiewak Dresselhaus, Institute Professor at MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.problem, the more likely you are to geta variety of approaches that may prevent you from going down a blindalley."Ramey has been studying thephysiological differences between thesexes for almost fifteen years. Togetherwith Peter Ramwell, also a professor ofphysiology and biophysics at Georgetown, she has been investigating therelationship between the male sex hormone testosterone and heart disease.Their findings: testosterone appears tointensify a male's response to stress,but estrogen, the female sex hormone,seems to protect against it. "It is true,says Ramey, dryly, "that as a form of Space Flight Center, the first placewhere she has not felt isolated by hersex. "There are so many women scientists here that I can talk science in theladies' room," she says. "That's thefirst time that's ever happened." Thegroup she directs designs instrumentsto take measurements of the atmosphere, particularly of severe storms,from space and uses existing data fromsatellites and the space shuttle to predict and understand storms. They alsomake highly sophisticated computermodels of how storms actually operate . "The best part of my job is thinkingabout how clouds work and what's happening inside them," says Simpson, president of the American Physical Society. Most recently she has been studying and modifying the properties ofcarbon fibers. Unlike Ramey andSimpson, and a decade younger, shedoesn't feel that her career has beenhindered by sexism. It was the veryfact, she said, that she didn't take herself seriously until twenty years agothat made success come naturally. "Iwas just trying to do a very smallthing," she says. "That I did more isjust fantastic."During World War II Americaneeded women to work. It was in peace16 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986that they were expected to give up theirjobs for lives as wives and mothers.The war introduced Simpson to herprofession; it offered Ramey a teaching job she would otherwise have beenrefused; and it reworked the social fabric of the country in a way that changedthe future for Dresselhaus, still a childin Brooklyn.After finishing a master's degreein chemistry at Columbia University,Ramey moved in 1941 to Knoxville,TN, with her husband, James, a law- spect for learning." She graduated inbiology, with honors, and went on toreceive her Ph.D. in 1950 from the University of Chicago Medical School,where she was the first woman to be offered a tenure-track position in thephysiology department. In 1956 shetransferred to Georgetown University.She had moved each time her husbandwas offered a new job. But she creditshim with making every effort to makesure her career wasn't derailed. "Menhave long been denied the joy of a part- of legislation giving women the right tovote, at the invitation of the Washington Press Club. "I creamed the son-of-a-bitch," she says. "That was the beginning and I've never looked back."What I think happens to womenlike me is that beneath the surface a resentment smolders," she says. "People would say to me, 'What the hell areyou complaining about? You've madeit. You've got a rich husband, two successful kids. You've got it all.' Well, theanger comes from the fact that all those. . . her dissertationsupervisor regularly let herknow that he wascompletely opposed towomen scientists.Estelle Rubin Ramey, professor of physiology and biophysics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC.yer. Applying for a job at the University of Tennessee's chemistry department, Ramey says, "I was brusquelyinformed by the chairman that he hadnever hired a woman, would neverhire a woman, and that I ought to gohome and take care of my husband."But a few months later, whenwar broke out, the chairman called onRamey to do her patriotic duty byteaching chemistry to cadets. Shetaught part-time throughout the warand did some research; she also hadher two children during that time.She had entered Brooklyn Collegein 1933, at age fifteen, encouraged byher illiterate mother's "hunger and re- ner's achievements, ' ' she says, "I married a man who was smart enough torealize that my success didn't mean hewas less successful."She became a feminist more thanfifteen years ago and can even point tothe day that what she calls the 'click'occurred. She read in the paper thatDr. Edgar Berman, speaking to theDemocratic party policy committee,proclaimed women unfit for responsible jobs because, he said, once a monththey were at the mercy of "raging hormones." "That did it," recalls Ramey."I'm an endocrinologist." She endedup debating him on August 26, 1970,the fiftieth anniversary of the passage years along the way there were theseepisodes occurring that made it clearthat even though I was allowed into theclub, I was allowed in on sufferance."Although the situation has improved,Ramey issues this warning: "Manyyoung women today act as if the warwas fought and won," she says. "It'snot won. But it's not a war between thesexes because men and women are inthis thing together."Simpson was at the University ofChicago when World War II erupted.Continued on Page 2417uxorsecurity S«ard */•c°okibrary assistant Research assistantc^Puter Pr°grarr.a/^er'"'erwuHai*^avrt^vvc<oYa do£ ve^alssman /.< > Pti*>7°Pin 7779 i 7/yard worker^On Poyy sterjunior staff writer!§«,By Brigitta Carlson"Work," says Glenn Appleby, asenior who works close to twentyhours a week in Special Collections atJoseph Regenstein Library, "keeps mein school."This year almost half the undergraduates in the country have jobs: 49percent, to be exact, an all-time high inthe twenty-five years that the Department of Labor has been collecting statistics. At the University, 70 percent ofthe undergraduates receive some kindof financial aid — and 70 percent work.Even more graduate students havejobs: Allen R. Sanderson, assistantprovost, estimates that as many as 75to 80 percent of the University's graduate students work. —¦"Working hasbecome a part ofthe college experience as much asstudying at the library and playingbasketball in thegym," says RalphHamilton, assist- -^^^— ^~~^^^ant dean of students in the Universityand director of the University's Careerand Placement Services (CAPS)."We insist that students work if theyare asking the University for any kind ofhelp," says Charles D. O'Connell,AM'47, vice-president and dean of students in the University. "For many students, graduate and undergraduate, thelargest resource in their budget is 'self-help'— that is, summer and term-timeearnings and educational loans.But the cost of an education todayis high enough to make literally"working your way through college"extremely difficult, if not impossible.Finding the money to pay for a collegeeducation, more often than not, meanscreating a kind of crazy quilt out ofpatches of financial aid, loans, work,and parental support.For many students, a job is usuallyonly one piece of a financial puzzle that,by necessity, includes borrowing. "Myguess would be that most students are inthe position of having to take loans andwork, ' ' says Hamilton. "With the cost oftuition, books, and housing, most students have to do both . " Hamilton estimates that a third ofthe College students who work are onwork-study, a federal program (established by the Economic OpportunityAct of 1964) which supplies half a student's salary. The campus employerpays the other half. Funds for work-study have been declining annually;the University received $890,000 in federal funds for work-study this year; ithas been notified that its tentative allocation for next year is only $750,000.CAPS, located in the ReynoldsClub, acts as an employment agencyfor all kinds of jobs (work-study, part-time, temporary, and summer). It assists students in finding internships,Students have always worked to help payfor their college costs. Today a recordnumber hold down jobs while studying.and provides Outlook, a program forundergraduates who want to take timeoff from the College and work.Graduate students tend to findjobs not funded by the work-studyprogram, says Hamilton, because thereis a limit to the amount a student canearn annually, under the federal guidelines. To meet the needs of graduatestudents, CAPS has created an innovative Graduate Intern Program, whichgives graduate students the chance touse their analytical and research skillsfor the benefit of Chicago-based corporations and foundations."The graduate intern program offersstudents an opportunity to explore thework world, and often, the jobs paywell," says Hamilton. "In addition, theprogram serves as a cross-fertilizationbetween the academic and business cultures; it provides business with an opportunity to assess the skills and qualities that come with a graduateeducation. In turn, it provides studentswith a unique chance to learn how corporations and foundations work, and often, they can apply skills they acquire intheir jobs to their academic work." CAPS maintains a list of jobs, on-campus, off-campus, work-study, andotherwise, based on requests frompotential employers. Students lookthrough the listings, then contactpotential employers. "An interview fora campus job is just like an interviewfor a regular job. The employer will often have several applicants, and willchoose among them. We encouragestudents to approach these interviewsin a professional manner, and to prepare resumes," says Hamilton. Thegreat majority of students end up withjobs on campus, which saves both timeand the trouble of transportation. "Tobe able to hop into your job for two— — i_^^^^__ hours and then goto class," saysHamilton, "makesit very convenient(for a student)."The UniversityLibraries and theDepartment ofPhysical Educa-^^— ^^-^^— ^^ tion and Athleticsare among the biggest work-study employers. But most campus offices havelong relied on a cadre of student help."There is a real appreciation amongcampus employers for the talents thatstudents have," says Hamilton, "andan understanding of the importantfunction of working, for the studentsthemselves. Consequently, students often are given very interesting assignments, and a great deal of responsibilityin their jobs here. The quality of workcan sometimes be very challenging."Aside from working to earn necessary funds, holding a job while gettingan education has other benefits for students, says Hamilton. "Working teaches students how to budget their time,how to set priorities," he says. "And itteaches them an awful lot about themselves, their values, their likes and dislikes, and about their goals in life. Wefind that seniors who have had a number of different work experiences are often in a much better position to make informed decisions about their future thanstudents who have never worked . ' '19Linh-Chi NguyenSerendipity and creativity can be deciding factors in garnering the job you want. Linh-Chi Nguyen, a sophomore shownhere monitoring a polygraph in the Sleep Research Laboratory, took her job hunt in hand this year by pasting signs allover the Cummings Life Science Center advertising herself."I wanted a lab research assistant job so badly," saysNguyen, who emigrated from Vietnam in 1979."I'm a biology major and I wanted to do something relevant. But I had a job as a guard at the Oriental Institute and as a ticket seller at the Reynolds Club box office. I was gettingdesperate."Nguyen's strategy worked. "I got calls, I really did, " shesays, laughing. "And for the first time I had a choice." Theresult was a job as a research assistant for the MolecularGenetics and Cell Biology lab. This quarter she's working tento fifteen hours in the Sleep Research Lab helping to measure the effects of sleep deprivation on rats, for $5.70 anhour; almost all of that goes directly back to the University tohelp pay her expenses in the College.mm wm>M' $*..'Bob DonatiBob Donati, a freshman who works weekends getting thefish ready for the fryer and attending to customers atHagen's Fish Market, Inc., on Chicago's northwest side, isone of 160 students in the College who commute to and fromthe Quadrangles. "On a good day I can make it in twenty-five minutes," says the biology major. "On a bad day, it'sabout forty-five minutes." Working sixteen to twenty hours a week at Hagen's, several blocks from his family's house, doesn't present too greata burden, Donati says. "I limit it to weekends so I don't havethe interruption of work during the week, ' ' he says. "And onweekends there's plenty of time to do homework before orafter work."20 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986Laurence MateFor graduate students, in particular, working is often a necessary adjunct to preparing for the future. There are nearly300 instructional assistants on campus. Nevertheless, it canstill be difficult for graduate students to get actual classroomteaching experience. "I'd like to teach English literature,"says Laurence Mate, AM'84, a writing intern who tutors inthe College Writing Program, shown here in conference withChristopher Griffin, a freshman. "But for many of us theWriting Program, with its jobs for tutors, is the only way toget teaching experience." As an intern Mate spends fifteen hours a week tutoringundergraduates, on an individual basis and in small groups.They are all taking "Greek Thought and Literature, ' ' a Common Core course. He helps them prepare their papers and, inthe process, hone their writing skills. For his efforts he receives full tuition, plus a stipend of $1,000 a quarter. But itwasn't primarily the money that inspired him to apply for theposition. "It was, really," he says, "the opportunity toteach."Kim Shively"It was quite agonizing, ' ' says Kim Shively, junior staff writer for the Magazine (she writes Class News, Books, and Deaths).In freshman year she worked breakfast shifts in theWoodward Court kitchen. "The jobs that I really wanteddidn't want me because I was a first-year student and didn'tknow anything. It had been a couple of weeks and I was getting worried so I took the one in the cafeteria. I made toastand fried eggs. I got good at it, though," she says. "I couldcrack eggs with one hand ..." At the end of her first year Shively, now a junior, literallywalked into her job at the Magazine on a chance visit to RobieHouse. "I've always thought about writing," says Shively,who, like many a working undergradute, gets an obliqueglance at a field as one benefit of her job. "Working aroundthe Magazine you get a good look at how putting together amagazine works," she says. "I never would have knownotherwise about all the technicalities that go into it. Even if Idon't take part in it, I see it."21Anne WellsWorking can be a welcome intrusion on the single-mindedness of study. "Freshman year I found that I enjoyedthe University more because I could get away," says AnneWells, a senior in the College, who tutors non-English speaking students at Hyde Park's William H. Ray School. She isshown here with (1. tor.) Wei Jiang, BarongSrun, and CharlieChen. "When you go into a second-grade classroom theydon't know anything about final exams and they don't carewhat week it is. It gives you a perspective because you cansee that the University isn't everything." In Wells' case, her job, part of a local tutoring programorchestrated by the office of University News and Community Affairs, had the fortuitous effect of deciding her major, aswell. "When I came here I was kind of interested in psychology," she says. "When I got my job as a freshman I enjoyed itso much and felt so comfortable that I decided that was thekind of work that I would like to do. That was when Ichanged my major to behavioral sciences and began taking alot of developmental classes. For me it's been the perfectexperience."Douglas Rutledge"You get to know a lot of good people you might not haveotherwise known," says part-time bartender DouglasRutledge, AM'79, a Ph.D. candidate in English, one of a legion of University of Chicago students who have servedup drinks at Jimmy's Woodlawn Tap, at 55th and Woodlawn,since it opened in 1948. Proprietor Jimmy Wilson, 74, estimates more than 400 students have worked for him over theyears. ("You won't believe it but at one point I had five Ph.D.students, "says Jimmy, chuckling . " It gave me a great inferiority complex. My only ace in the hole was that I owned thebar.") "It's nice to go into an area where people are justfriendly, ' ' says Rutledge, a writing intern in the College Writing Program, who got his job the time-honored way: throughword-of-mouth. "It's nice, too, the way the academic community melds with the neighborhood (at Jimmy's)."22 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986Glenn ApplebyGlenn Appleby, who was promoted from a page to the assistant to the manuscript specialist in Special Collections at theend of his second year, is almost entirely self-supporting. "Ihaven't got much money from home, because my mother isbusy paying for three other people at school, " says Appleby,a senior. "I came here with a tuition scholarship but I neededa job to keep me living." The roughly $360 that he bringshome each month is enough to help pay for rent, food, and,sometimes, other living expenses. But, like many students ina comparable situation, he's been forced to take out $10,000in loans."What I actually do with the material is by no means interesting, but the material I get to use is really quite interest ing," says Appleby, pictured here in Regenstein Library. Heis responsible for creating inventories of the new collectionshis department receives. "I've been working with the papersof Morris Cohen (the philosopher of law and science), whowas a student of William James and a friend of John Deweyand Albert Einstein. We have correspondence from all thesefellows in his files and it was nice just to trip over them. "Appleby, the only College student to work at such a sophisticated level in the department, is majoring in the history and philosophy of science, and works as many.as twentyhours a week. What gives when the crunch is on? SaysAppleby, looking tired, "Sleeping is the first thing to go."A job, particularly an internship, can be a very real apprenticeship to a profession. Douglas Wade, a senior, worked lastsummer as an intern in the banking research and credit analysis departments of the New York Federal Reserye Bank, oneof ten competitive banks he had applied to. "I think I learned Douglas Wademore that summer than in a whole year of courses," saysWade, whose work included the study of farm profits, merchant banks, municipal bonds, the funding of commercialbanks, and bank profitability in general."And yes," he says, "I want to work for abank."23Continued from Page 17Anxious to make a contribution anddrawn to the sciences, she signed upfor a course to train military weathermen. When the war, and the course,ended she was committed to getting aPh.D. in meteorology. "I went to thedepartment advisor at the Universityof Chicago," she says, "and he told methat no woman had ever gotten a Ph.D.in meteorology, that none ever would,and that if I did, it wouldn't do me anygood because there weren't any jobs."My first reaction was, obviously,to be very discouraged. I went backand thought it over for a few days.Then, I thought, 'Well, I'll show him ifit's the last thing I ever do.'" Turneddown for fellowship support by theUniversity of Chicago, she taught atthe Illinois Institute of Technology,where she took most of her doctoralcourses and transferred credits to theUniversity. The study of cumulus clouds,Carl Rossby, the eminent meteorologist,told her, "was a perfect topic for a littlegirl, because no one else is interested andyou can standout."In the face of such powerful discouragement how did she persevere?"It's partly that I'm a rather stubbornindividual," she said, "and there havebeen a number of times in my life whensomebody has said, 'You can't do suchand such, you aren't good enough tobe able to do it,' which would onlymake me all the more determined that Iwould." But it was a hard road. Asfor women mentors: "There weren'tany." And as late as 1973, in a remarkably frank statement in the New YorkAcademy of Sciences Annals, she said,"Right now it does not appear to methat either the scientific contribution Ihave made, or the rewards are enoughto compensate for the terrible price exacted from me and those close to me . ' 'Her election to the American Meteorological Society in 1968 had been important to her belief in her work. Buttwo former marriages— both to meteorologists—had not survived the demands of her career and even now shesays her children "got pushed arounda lot when they were kids." It was herappointment to the Goddard SpaceCenter, with its welcoming of women scientists, and her receipt of the Rossby Medal, considered by many thehighest honor in meteorology, that, atlast, made her feel accepted. The medal, ironically, is named after her glumadvisor, who, shortly before his death,said to Simpson, "Well, you made anenormous contribution after all, so everything it cost turned out to be worthwhile." Simpson, who had greatly admired his work, says, "I'm just sograteful that before he died his attitudeturned around."There was never a point where sheconsidered quitting, she says, but theRossby Medal is tangible proof that herstruggle and her work have been acknowledged. She has been married forfifteen years to Robert Simpson, another meteorologist, a marriage inspired by a deeply satisfying collaboration, and her children say "We're gladyou did it." But, "sometimes when Iget very discouraged," she says, "Ilook at the medal and I think, 'Well, mylife hasn'tbeen wasted.'"Mildred Dresselhaus's war tookplace in schoolyards and on street corners. She grew up in a seedy Brooklynneighborhood, the child of immigrantparents. Her mother took in sewing byday and worked in an orphanage bynight. As a child, Dresselhaus workedas a tutor, and in factories and sweatshops, anything to bring in money. Butoften she and her older brother wentto bed hungry. She was beaten up onthe streets, "but I learned the thingsone does to be safe," she says. "Isurvived."Unlike Ramey and Simpson, shedoesn't feel that being a woman hurther career as a scientist, in spite of thefact that her dissertation supervisorregularly let her know that he was completely opposed to women scientists."He let me know that every time hesaw me," she says. "So I just avoidedhim, never spoke to him." And she remembers being impressed by the presence of future Nobel laureate MariaMayer at the University of Chicago,who was never able to get an appointment better than "voluntary associate" because of nepotism "rules." (Like most universities, the Universityof Chicago, for some years, would notconsider a person for a faculty appointment if a spouse or other close relativeof that person was on the faculty. Thepractice was reviewed in the 1960s by acommittee appointed by then President Edward H. Levi. The committeesuggested that in considering the appointment of close relatives on the recommendation of appropriate chairmenand deans, the provost might wish tohave the advice of an ad hoc committeeappointed by him. Now there are manyhusband-wife teams on the Universityfaculty. "In fact, you have to find a jobfor the spouse, if you want to attractsomeone," one faculty member acknowledged.) Dresselhaus recalls thatshe was surrounded by "a number ofreally good women students" and sheremembers the professional women atthe University, whatever their title, being highly respected. "So when I was agraduate student," she says, "I didn'treally have the idea that womencouldn't do it."When he did catch her long enoughto talk to her, Dresselhaus's thesis supervisor told her that educating women was like poetry. "He felt that women weren't going to contribute, andmaybe it was good for the culture of therace, but that was about it," she says."And so I listened to him and from thenon, for about ten years, I did my careeras a luxury. You know, 'this is my hobby and I just do it for fun and whateverI do, that's fine. And what I don't do,that's also fine. I'm not competingagainst anybody because I'm not a serious worker, I'm on the fringes.' Ittook all the pressure off. I could raisemy family. "Dresselhaus says she realized she"really was a professional" when shewent to M.I.T. for an interview and washired as a full professor. (During theinterview, she was unaware that shewas being considered at that level.) Atthe time she held a job as a full-time research scientist. "Well, when I becamea full professor, you know, thingschanged because students and colleagues looked up to me. I was put in adifferent kind of position. The workContinued on Page 2924 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986We're planning a very specialreunion weekend and we hopeyou can join us.Send in your reservation now -and don't forget to mark yourcalendar!Reunion '86 June 6 and 7A variety of social activities,class reunions, cultural events,special tours and facultylectures have been scheduledto make your return tocampus exciting and fun.Class Events 12 noonFriday, June 6, 19866 pmClass of 1946 - 40th ReunionCocktail Reception and Dinner, Quadrangle Club6:30 pmClass of 1936 - 50th ReunionCocktail Reception and Dinner, Quadrangle ClubClass of 1966 - 20th ReunionReception and Buffet Dinner, Robie House8 pmClass of 1961 - 25th ReunionCocktail Party, Ida Noyes LibraryClass of 1976 - 10th ReunionCocktail Party, East Lounge, Ida NoyesClass of 1981 - 5th ReunionDance and A Taste of Hyde Park, Ida Noyes Theatre (3rd Floor)Saturday June 7, 198612 noonClass of 1926 - 60th ReunionLuncheon, Reserved Umbrella Tables, Main QuadrangleClass of 1931 - 55th ReunionLuncheon, Reserved Umbrella Tables, Main QuadrangleGeneral EventsEach event lasts approximately 45-50 minutes,unless otherwise indicated.Friday June 612 noonRobie House TourFrank Lloyd Wright's 1909 masterpiece of organicarchitecture is a National Historic Landmark.12-2pmTour the New Science QuadrangleVisit the University's eighth quadrangle — the firstnew one in nearly thirty years. The buildings inthe science quadrangle house scientists from various disciplines and include the John CrerarLibrary and the Kersten Physics Teaching Center. The John Crerar Library TourThis new library combines the medical, science,and technological collections to form one of thelargest science collections in the Midwest. Meet inthe Crerar atrium.lpmThe Kersten Physics Teaching Center TourThe various roof and terrace levels of this award-winning building are used to house physics-related experiments and function as an outdoorscientific gallery. Meet at the southeast entrance.50th Anniversary WorkshopClass of 1936 members only are invited to viewmanuscripts, documents, publications, and othermid-1930's University materials from the Archivesand share their own college experiences. Registration limited. Special Collections, RegensteinLibrary. Until 2:30 pm.2 pmDavid and Alfred Smart Gallery TourThis tour, conducted by Richard Born, Curator ofthe museum, will explore the development ofWestern art through the Gallery's rich collection ofpaintings, drawings, watercolors, sculpture anddecorative arts from Classical Greece to the present.3 pmTreasures of the Oriental InstituteA guided tour of highlights of the museum's collections from the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Assyria, Palestine, and Persia.50th Anniversary WorkshopSee the 1 pm workshop for details. Until 4:30 pm.4 pmRenaissance Society TourDirector Suzanne Ghez will conduct a tour highlighting works by graduates of the CaliforniaInstitute of the Arts. Refreshments. Bergman Gallery, Cobb Hall 418.Saturday June 7, 1986All DayRobie House Hospitality CenterA place to rest, meet friends, and leave and receivemessages. Volunteers will provide information andrefreshments.U. of C. BookstoreWill be open from 10 am - 3 pm for t-shirts, mugs,and other memorabilia. The general books sectionwill be open from 9 am - 5 pm.The Annual 57th Street Art FairIt's just as you remembered it, with a huge selection of art, sculpture, prints, jewelry, crafts, andmuch more. Saturday and Sunday, 57th Street andKimbark Avenue.Athletic FacilitiesThe Henry Crown Field House and Bartlett Gymnasium will be open and facilities available toalumni; pass required. See reservation form.9 amOutdoor BreakfastContinental breakfast on the main Quadrangleunder the Reunion Tent. Until 10:30 am.10 amDouble-decker Bus Tour of Hyde Park/KenwoodExplore Hyde Park and Kenwood, two of Chicago'smost architecturally renowned neighborhoods. Asecond tour leaves at noon. Meet at Robie House.Regenstein's Special Collections TourA treasure trove of rare books and letters, including the Lincoln-Douglas correspondence; the firstprinted works of Galileo, Newton, and Pasteur;and many other first editions. Registration limited.Until 11:30.Campus TourMeet at Ida Noyes Hall for a stroll around theQuadrangles.11 amTour of Rockefeller Chapel and OrganDemonstrationBecome reacquainted with the magnificence of thisrenowned chapel and hear a demonstration of oneof the largest and most versatile organs in theworld."Superpower Relations and the Peace Process inthe Middle East"Marvin Zonis, Chairman of the Committee onHuman Development at the University and International Editor of WBBM-TV CBS. Swift LectureHall.12 noonRobie House TourSame as Friday's noon tour.Double-Decker Bus Tour of Hyde Park/KenwoodSee 10 am tour. The Annual Reunion Picnic on the QuadranglesEnjoy an alfresco luncheon while listening to WhatFour. Until 2 pm.lpmDouble-Decker Bus Tour of CampusA guided tour of the campus. Meet at Robie House.2 pmDavid and Alfred Smart Gallery TourTour this outstanding collection with a focus onthe major works. See Friday tour.Women's Club TeaThe re-activated Delta Sigma Society invites allalumnae who were ever members of a U. of C.Women's Club to join them for tea and reminiscences. Don't forget to bring old photos, pins andother memorabilia to share. Ida Noyes EastLounge, until 4 pm."'Words, words, words': The Theatre's Love Affairwith Language"Nicholas Rudall, Associate Professor of Classics atthe University and Artistic Director of Court Theatre. Swift Lecture Hall.2-4 pmRockefeller Carillon & Mitchell Tower Tours2 pmRockefeller Carillon TourA bird's eye view of the campus and city and anopportunity to see the inner workings of the carillon.3 pmMitchell Tower TourClimb to the top of Reynolds Club and watch thechange ringers at work.2-4pmTour the New Science Quadrangle2 pmJohn Crerar Library TourSame as the Friday tour.3 pmThe Kersten Physics Teaching Center TourSame as the Friday tour.4 pmAlumni Awards CeremonyMichael Klowden, A.B. '67, president of theAlumni Association, will present the annualAlumni Awards and the Howell Murray StudentAwards. President Gray and the Alumni Medalistwill offer brief remarks. Swift Hall.5 pmChampagne Reception at Hutchinson CourtPresident Hanna Holborn Gray will greet awardwinners and returning alumni.6 pmCandlelight DinnerAn elegant evening in stately Hutchinson Commons. Special tables will be reserved for majorreunion classes. All alumni are invited.8 pmThe University Symphony Orchestra BenefitConcertAn eclectic program of significant American worksspanning the twentieth century featuring shorterworks by Aaron Copland, Walter Piston, Carl Rug-gles, and William Schuman. This repertory alongwith other pieces by Dvorak, Sibelius, and Hin-demith will be featured on the USO's summer tourto Italy, Austria, and Yugoslavia, for which thisconcert is a benefit. Mandel Hall.9:30 pmThe 76th Annual Interfraternity SingSing in chorus the praises of College life at theoldest interfraternity sing in the country. Hutchinson Court.10:30 pm (or thereabouts)The Official Closing of the ReunionThe Reunion will come to an official close with theplaying of "Alma Mater" on the Mitchell Towerbells. But the party isn't over yet. Don't miss . . .Alumni Night at Jimmy's Woodlawn TapThe famous saloon belongs to alumni tonight.Owner Jimmy Wilson, Honorary Alumnus '82,invites you to the University Room for the rest ofthe evening. 55th St. and Woodlawn Avenue.Things You Should Know...HousingOff CampusThe Hyde Park Hilton welcomes Reunion guests.Please make your reservations by sending us thecoupon attached to the R.S.VP. form. If you make your reservation by phone, call the Hilton andindicate that you will be attending the Universityof Chicago Reunion to receive the special ratelisted below.Hyde Park Hilton4900 South Shore DriveChicago, Illinois 60615312-288-5800$59 - single (includes breakfast)$65 - double (includes breakfast)Reservations should be made by May 5. A shuttlebus will run between the hotel and campus.On CampusInternational House1414 East 59th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637$19.50 -singleFor reservations, call 312-753-2270 and identifyyourself as an alumnus/alumna attending theReunion.Message ServiceA message-taking service will be available all daySaturday, from 10 am to 5 pm, at the Robie HouseHospitality Center, 5757 S. Woodlawn Avenue.Call 753-2175.ParkingParking will be available in the Regenstein Librarylot (entrance on 56th St. east of Ellis Ave.); in theIda Noyes lot (entrance on Woodlawn between58th and 59th Sts.); and on city streets."Come Back to Where it All Began" Tote BagIt's just the thing to carry everything you need fora day on the quads. Only $6, available at the RobieHouse.Package Price$50 per person includes the Outdoor Breakfast,Reunion Picnic, Candlelight Dinner, a double-decker bus tour, the University Symphony Concertand a "Come Back to Where it All Began" Tote Bag!For more informationWrite or call the Alumni Association at:5757 South WoodlawnChicago, Illinois 60637312-753-2175Please return the order form to the above address.Continued from Page 24didn't change. Nothing changed butmy perception. I was on the outsidefringes and all of a sudden I became apart of the scene."Dresselhaus is careful to point outthat there was an unusual quality to hercircumstances, which helped her fromthe beginning. Her chosen field wassolid-state physics, a field so new thatwhen she earned her Ph.D., it wasn'tyet named. "I graduated around thetime of Sputnik and industry was gearing up to make a big investment insemiconductors and things that I knewabout. So it was very, very easy to get agood job. The field was wide open.Everything that you tried turned togold. There were lots of jobs. There washotshot research because there were alot of new tools and new ideas floatingaround, and the industry was lookingfor people like crazy. They were so anxious to get competent people that theydidn't care if they were women. ' 'Dresselhaus's positive outlookmay have something to do, as well,with a stubborn perseverance nurtured in childhood. After her olderbrother enrolled in the Bronx HighSchool of Science, Dresselhaus decided to enroll at Hunter College HighSchool, despite the fact that neither herteachers nor her mother wanted her to."After I was discouraged I didn't tellanybody what I was doing," she says."I just went and took the exams and Ipassed. And that was that." She wenton to Hunter College where RosalynYalow, another future Nobel laureate,became her friend, confidant, andmentor. Dresselhaus graduated with atriple major, in math, physics, andchemistry, summacumlaude.After a Fulbright Fellowship toCambridge University and a master'sdegree at Radcliffe College she came tothe University of Chicago for her doctoral work and met her future husband, Gene Dresselhaus, who wasthen a beginning instructor. (He is alsoan electrical engineer.) Dresselhausfeels that it was while she was raisingfour children that she did her best research. "I was young, and I was onlydoing research and raising children. I didn't have teaching committee assignments, national committee assignments . . . And I was in a laboratorythat provided good technical support.My husband had a good job so wecould afford a babysitter," she says. "Iwas just doing two things. Childrenand work. And it was a good combination because it was different and mutually supportive. But later on, as yourcareer develops it gets much morecomplex. As I got more so-called successful, I had less time to do the sort ofthing I'm good at."When all three women talk aboutthe prospects for young women scientists today they talk about working outa productive co-existence with men.They talk about having families. Andeach of them mentions the importanceof a supportive spouse. "If it wasn't forthat I don't think you'd have the will togo on, ' 'says Dresselhaus. " Somethingwould give . " But the actuality of childbirth and childcare is still formidable."Childcare is really the preeminentproblem," says Ramey. "I don't knowany young women who are concernedwhether there's dust under the livingroom couch. What they're concernedabout is what's happening to their children." It is a family issue, she says,that comes from a need to rethink ourconceptions and our expectations ofboth men and women.But there's nothing to be doneabout the demands of science, saysSimpson. "To make really terrificallycreative and important contributionsyou need to do it sleeping, breathing,and waking up in the middle of thenight with an idea," she says. Thatprecludes taking much time off. "Ifwomen can't make the sacrifice thenthey aren't going to make it, ' ' she says."They'll have an interesting job andprobably a nice life but they won'tmake the top-level contributions to thefield or get the top-level jobs. ' ' And it'sat those upper echelons that womenare the most under-represented. "Idon't think men that take six monthsoff to travel around the world are goingto make it either." The way Dresselhaus describes hercareer might apply to all three: "Thereare a lot of people who gave me a smallchance and every time I got one I wasgood at recognizing it. A little aperturewas opened and I squeezed through,and then it opened a little wider." Sheadmits to being a "moderate" feminist. "I do go out of my way to help other women scientists. I try to be supportive of our women scientists, and toprovide some leadership at our university, and to encourage nationwide education of women in the sciences." Shethinks what is easier for women todayis that they are being offered morechances. What is harder is that there isso much more pressure on them toachieve. "The professions are so muchmore competitive now than they werewhen I was getting in," she says, "sothe pressure is much higher. Andwomen now consider themselves seriously; they consider themselves incompetition with men . . . that makesit more complex. ' 'Ramey, Simpson, and Dresselhausare mentors, simply by their presence,for a whole generation of women. Butreverence has unexpected shadows."I've said I've retired as a role model,"says Simpson, only half-joking. "Ihave felt for a number of years that Icannot goof up because that wouldharm every other woman after me inthe field." Dresselhaus laments thefact that she spends an entire day everytwo weeks writing letters of recommendation. "But I think we have toface up to it, ' ' she says. Successful people have an obligation to the young,says Ramey. "At this stage of my lifenobody can deny me anything Iwant," she says. "I can afford to begenerous to both young men andyoung women. Of course, I have a particularly soft spot in my heart foryoung women. It gives me very greatpleasure to be able to help them."Just as long as I don't have to gothrough it all again."Chris Anne Raymond is an assistant editor for the Journal of the American Medical Association. Brigitta Carlson is staffwriter for the Magazine.29Chicago JournalCollege CurriculumExtends Common CoreThe College's revised curriculum,recently approved by the CollegeCouncil, features a return to a two-year general education requirementand includes a recommendation encouraging students to undertakesenior-year final projects.The forty-five course curriculum,to be followed by students who enterthe College as of next autumn, willhave these three basic components:a two-year, twenty-four course Common Core; a maximum of thirteencourses in a student's concentration;and at least eight electives."In this new curriculum, we'retrying to provide a coherent, four-yeareducational program which pays special attention to the beginning andconcluding phases of college work,and which makes its constitutive requirements and their relations moretransparent and persuasive, " saidDonald Levine, AB'50, AM'54,PhD'57, dean of the College.The new Common Core will consist of the following:—Four quarters in the humanities,which will include a three-quartersequence in the interpretation of historical, literary, and philosophicaltexts, and one quarter in music and thevisual arts.—Three or four quarters in a foreignlanguage. Students are required toreach competency that equals fourquarters in French, German, Italian,Latin, or Spanish, or three quarters ofanother language. When four coursesare required, one may be counted asan elective.—Two quarters of work in the mathematical sciences beyond precalculusmath. This may consist of work incalculus, statistics, or computer science, or in an integrated sequence inmathematical sciences. A new integrated sequence for this purpose,being developed with support fromthe Sloan Foundation, will be offerednext year for students who are notmajoring in science.—Six quarters of natural science, ei ther two three-quarter sequences inbiological and physical sciences, or asix-quarter integrated sequence. Twosuch integrated sequences, "Structure" and "Evolution," are now beingcreated, with "Evolution" set to beoffered next autumn, said Levine.—A three-quarter sequence in socialsciences.—A three-quarter course in the studyof civilizations.—Three quarters of physical education.The current Common Core program, established in 1965, extendsover the first year, followed by fouryearlong required courses in a student's chosen collegiate division.Depending on the collegiate division,students take between five and nineelectives, with the remainder in concentration programs.Senior projects, recommended bythe College curriculum committee lastMay, are intended as "a specialrounding-out experience" at the endof a student's college years, Levinesaid. They will be recommended butnot required. Levine will appoint adirector of senior projects.Each of the components of thegeneral education program will bemonitored by a standing committeeappointed by the dean of the Collegeand the masters of the collegiatedivisions.In 1989, the College curriculumcommittee will review the new baccalaureate program.The requirements in foreign language, mathematical science, naturalscience, and physical education canbe met through college placementexaminations or standardized accreditation tests.University AnnouncesTuition IncreasesThe University has announcedtuition rates for the 1986-87 year.Tuition for all new students in theCollege, including transfer students,will be $11,350. With fees of $171 andtypical room and board charges of $4,530, the full 1986-87 "term bill"will be $16,051.Tuition for continuing Collegestudents in the fall will be $10,350, a 78percent increase over the 1985-86 yeartuition of $9,600. The 1986-87 "termbill" of tuition, fees, and typical singleroom and board charges for returningstudents in the College will be $15,751,an increase of 6.7 percent over thecurrent term bill for upperclassmen.The $1,000 difference betweentuition rates for new and continuingstudents in the College reflects a onetime adjustment intended to bringChicago's College tuition in line withthat of comparable independent institutions. Since the cost of providing anundergraduate education here and atcomparable institutions is roughly thesame, the long-standing gap betweentuition levels here and at the otherschools places Chicago at a financialdisadvantage in supporting otheraspects of college and university life .For this reason, the University,after careful consideration, has decided to make a one-time adjustment intuition for all new students in the College in 1986-87."Bringing our undergraduatetuition in line with tuition at comparable institutions is in the long-terminterest of the College, the University,and the thousands of students whowill attend in the years to come, ' ' saidPresident Hanna Gray. "In the interestof fairness, however, the higher ratewill be applied only to new students.Those currently attending the Collegeshould not be asked to pay more thanwhat reasonably could have beenexpected when they first enrolled. ' 'Tuition fees in the graduate divisions and professional schools alsowill be increased for the 1986-87 year.Tuition for graduate students in thearts and sciences will be $11,400, andtuition in the six professional schoolsand the Committee on Public Policywill range from $10,050 to $12,400. (SeeTable.)To help offset tuition increases, theUniversity will increase substantiallythe amount of its own funds availablefor student financial aid. The amount30 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986Tuition for Graduate Divisions and Professional SchoolsGraduate DivisionsGraduate Library SchoolSchool of Social ServiceAdministrationPublic Policy StudiesDivinity School*Law SchoolGraduate School of Business**Pritzker School of Medicine***1st- and 2d-year3d- and 4th-year 1985-86 1986-87$10,050 $11,4009,390 10,0509,390 10,0509,570 10,5009,825 10,80010,920 11,70011,400 12,40011,070 11,94014,395 15,630'Tuition for M.Div. degree will increase from $7,500 to $7,980.*M.B. A. candidates take ten courses instead of the usual nine.*First- and second-year students register for three academic quarters while third- andfourth-year students register for four quarters.budgeted for aid to undergraduateswill increase by 25 percent, and theamount available for graduate students in the arts and sciences willincrease by 17 percent.Two-thirds of the students in theCollege and more than half of thestudents in the graduate divisionsnow receive scholarship or fellowshipsupport from the University. Whenexternal funding sources are takeninto account, nearly 70 percent of thestudent body receives some form ofassistance."The cost of providing educationof quality and of supporting scholarship continues to rise faster than therate of inflation, ' ' said Gray. "TheUniversity has an outstanding facultyand continually needs to enhance itsteaching and research facilities."The costs of building and maintaining state-of-the-art laboratories,libraries, and classrooms, and of supporting an outstanding faculty arethe costs of achieving the excellencein education to which this Universityis committed. We are holding downspending in nonessential areas, but necessary spending in critical areascontinues to rise. Unfortunately, tuition also must increase in order topay its share of the costs."Gray emphasized that the Collegewill continue to maintain a need-blindadmissions policy."We are committed to a policyunder which no qualified applicantto the College is denied admissionfor financial reasons, and to helpingall those who enroll find the meansto pay for their education, ' ' she said ."We also have reaffirmed andstrengthened our commitment tograduate education," she added,noting that "graduate students areassured of our best efforts to makeavailable the funds they need to complete their work here . " In addition,the Century Program, which offersfour-year fellowships of full tuitionand stipends, and a similar number offour-year tuition scholarships and ofmerit prizes, will be continued for asecond year. In its first year, the Century Program attracted more than 150young scholars to the University. Daniel PromislowNamed Rhodes ScholarDaniel Promislow, a senior in theCollege and a native of Vancouver,British Columbia, has received aRhodes scholarship to study for twoyears at Oxford University.One of eleven Canadian winnersof the prestigious scholarship, Promislow is the University's first foreignstudent to be named a Rhodes Scholar. The University's last Rhodes scholar was Sean Mahoney in 1983.Promislow, a biology major, willcontinue his study of the evolutionand ecology of animal behavior atOxford, where, he says, "They have astrong group of behavioral ecologists.That's a science that ties evolution andecology together with animal behaviorto describe how animals behave giventhe environmental context in whichthey live."Promislow, an avid cross-countryskier and a member of the University'screw club, is in training for a fifty-five-kilometer ski marathon. He has beenassistant resident head of Tufts Housesince 1984. His plans are to teach biology and find "some way to bridgewhat I see as a gap between scientistsand other people— to do what scientists like Stephen Gould and LewisThomas do. They write about biologyin a way that explains what is excitingabout it, what's curious, and what theworld is all about."University Orchestrato Tour in EuropeThe University of Chicago Symphony Orchestra has been invited topresent six concerts in Europe thissummer by Cultural Omnibus International, which sends an Americanorchestra abroad each season. Theorchestra, directed by BarbaraSchubert, X'79, consists of 106 musicians: 40 percent are undergraduates;30 percent are graduates; 10 percentare alumni; 8 percent are faculty andstaff; and 12 percent are communitymembers.31The orchestra will appear in thefollowing cities: June 19 in Portoroz,Yugoslavia; June 21 in Ljubljana,Yugoslavia; June 22 in Graz, Austria;June 24 in Klagenfurt, Austria; June 27in Venice, Italy; and June 28 in Zagreb,Yugoslavia.Alumni DirectoryGoes to PressThe 1986 University Alumni Directory, the first university-wide directory since 1973, goes to press this summer. It will include an alphabeticallisting of alumni with both residentialand business addresses, a sectionlisting alumni by geographical area,and a section listing alumni by theiracademic unit.By this time most alumni shouldhave received a questionnaire requesting information for the directory, together with an order form. If you don'treceive your questionnaire shortly, orwant to order the directory (it can beordered only in advance of publication, and only by alumni), please write:Laura Uerling, the 1986 Alumni Directory, 5757 Woodlawn, Chicago, IL60637, or call (312) 753-1125.Court Theatre to doUncle VanyaCourt Theatre, the University'sresident professional theatrical group,will present Chekhov's "Uncle Vanya"from April 17-May 18. For informationcall (312) 753-4472.Treasurer MaryPetrie RetiresMary Petrie, MBA'56, who joinedthe University's staff forty-three yearsago, retired as treasurer on February 1.She was elected treasurer in 1974, andsince then the University's endowment has grown from $200 million to$700 million. She will continue toact as a consultant to the treasurer'soffice. Petrie first came to the Universityas an undergraduate on a scholarship,interested in archeology, but when herfather became ill she left the University for secretarial school. She startedout in the office of the treasurer as afile clerk.In 1956 she was appointed seniorsecurity analyst in the office, afterreceiving her M.B. A. from the Graduate School of Business. She was elected assistant treasurer in 1966 andassociate treasurer in 1973.Report on BlackEnrollmentIn 1983 the Faculty Committee onMinority Concerns discovered thatthere had been a dramatic decrease inblack student enrollment at the University from the years 1976 to 1983,despite rising minority enrollment.That discovery sparked a two-yearstudy, recently completed, on issuesthat affect black student enrollment inthe University.In the report, the twelve-membercommittee, chaired by Dolores G.Norton, associate professor in theSchool of Social Service Administration, calls for a University-wide coordination of efforts to recruit, enroll,and retain black students. What'smost important, says the report,is thatefforts be increased to create a strongand nurturing environment for blackstudents at the University. The committee's specific recommendationsrevolve largely around expanding,supporting, and coordinating policiesthat already exist.The statistics are these: Between1975 and 1984 the number of minoritystudents in the University rose by 36percent. But black enrollment decreased by 27 percent. In the 1984-85academic year there were only 249black students in a minority population of 899 and in a University population of 7,929 degree candidates.That decrease in black enrollmentreflected, in part, a national decline inthe number of black high school graduates enrolling in college. That num ber declined by 11 percent between1975 and 1981. "Nevertheless," saysthe committee, "the University compared poorly with other peer institutions at some levels and for someprograms."The committee suggests that theUniversity address three major areas:recruitment, financial aid, and retention. The University, the committeerecommends, should explore the possibility of helping gifted, but less wellprepared black students, meet theentrance requirements of the College.A particularly rich resource for this,the report suggests, is the tutorialprograms already run by the Office ofSpecial Programs in the College.The University fares better in attracting black graduate students thanit does with undergraduates. Thecommittee attributes this success directly to the Office of the Dean of Students in the University and to theOffice of Graduate Admissions andAid, working with the assistant provost. Nevertheless, across the countrythe pool of black applicants continuesto shrink. The committee suggests,therefore, that the efforts of thoseoffices and the various divisional faculties be coordinated and increased.In the professional schools theoverall record of black recruitment isdisappointing, says the committee,citing the Law School's recent recruiting program as an example of how thatrecord might be improved. In thatprogram, initiated in 1984, the LawSchool actively seeks out and encourages minority applicants and, oncethey are accepted, invites them to visitthe school at the University's expense."Financial aid policies directlyaffect enrollment and retention ofblack students in the College, particularly since a disproportionate numberof the black students come from low-income families," says the committee."The same is thought to be true inthe graduate and professional fieldsas well."The committee didn't set about tostudy minority faculty at the University but it became aware in the course ofits work that only thirteen of the Uni-32 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAG AZ1NE/SPR1NG 1986versity's 1,158 full-time, tenure-trackfaculty are black. "This small numberof black faculty is cause for seriousconcern," said the committee. "Thecommittee's findings support a positive relationship between the presenceof black faculty and successful recruitment of black students. ' ' And it urgesthat guidelines be developed for effectively recruiting minority faculty.Finally, the committee stresses theimportance of creating a supportiveand welcoming environment for blackstudents. The committee recommendsthat the University support the development of the Committee on Africanand Afro- American Studies (CAAS),the "Black Space" student center,meetings among black students, deansof students, and the security staff (toavoid actions that might be perceivedas racist on the security department'spart), and the continued publicationand expansion of the Resource Guidefor Black Students at the University ofChicago.Faculty Appointedto Named ChairsA number of faculty membershave been appointed to named ordistinguished service professorships:W. David Arnett, professor ofastronomy and astrophysics, anda leading researcher into the evolution of massive stars, especially oftheir often violent deaths as super-novae, has been named the Bernardand Ellen C. Sunny DistinguishedService Professor.David Bevington, a specialist inShakespeare and English drama to1616, has been named the Phyllis FayHorton Professor in the Humanities.Charles Bidwell, AB'50, AM'53,PhD'56, professor and chairman ofeducation, whose studies include thesocial organization of schools, theireffectiveness, the political economy ofschooling, and the social psychologyof education, has been appointed theWilliam C. Reavis Professor of Educational Administration. Joseph Cropsey, a political science professor who specializes in thehistory of political philosophy, hasbeen named a Distinguished ServiceProfessor.Roger Hildebrand, professor andchairman in astronomy and astrophysics, and former dean of the College, has been named the SamuelK. Allison Distinguished ServiceProfessor.Elliott Kief f, PhD'71, professor inmedicine and molecular genetics andchief of the infectious disease section,has been named Louis Block Professor. Kieff specializes in the biochemistry of the Epstein-Barr virus, a virusin the herpes family associated withmononucleosis and two kinds ofcancer.Edward Laumann, dean of SocialSciences, whose research includes thestudy of social stratification, complexorganization, sociological theory andmethodology, and political sociology,has been named the George HerbertMead Distinguished Service Professorin Sociology.Stephen Schulhofer, an authorityon criminal law and criminal procedure, has been appointed the firstFrank and Bernice J. Greenberg Professor in the Law School. The lateFrank Greenberg, PhB'30, JD'32, waspresident of the Law School AlumniAssociation from 1976 to 1978.David Tracy, Divinity School professor and an internationally knowntheologian who specializes in herme-neutics, or theories of interpretation,has been appointed a DistinguishedService Professor.Divestment UpdateThe University of Chicago Coalition for Divestment, formed in February by students and faculty, organizedthe picketing of the annual meeting ofthe Board of Trustees on February 20.Students and faculty, estimated tonumber between sixty and eighty,carried placards outside GoodspeedHall, calling for the University to di vest its stock in firms which do business in South Africa, in order to influence the white minority governmentthere to abolish apartheid.In related activities, members ofthe Faculty for Divestment in SouthAfrica committee met with B. KennethWest, chairman of the Board of Trustees, and President Hanna Gray to discuss the issue of University divestment.Atomic Scientists'Bulletin Turns FortyThe Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,which was created forty years ago byscientists who were part of the WorldWar II Manhattan Project, celebratedits anniversary with a symposium onDecember 12 called "How Can theArms Race Be Stopped?"Speakers included the Rev.Theodore Hesburgh, president of>theUniversity of Notre Dame; JeromeWiesner, president emeritus of theMassachusetts Institute of Technology; Wolfgang Panofsky, former director of the Stanford Linear AcceleratorCenter; and John Simpson, the ArthurHolly Compton Distinguished ServiceProfessor in Physics.Simpson was one of the scientistswho originated the Bulletin, the oldestand probably the most influentialjournal to discuss nuclear issues, firstpublished on campus in 1945.National CancerInstitute GrantThe Medical Center has received$2.6 million from the National CancerInstitute to study why some patientsdevelop a kind of leukemia as a resultof successful therapy for lymphomaand Hodgkin's disease, themselvesforms of cancer.The research program will focuson the genetic mechanisms that arebelieved to be involved in the development of treatment-related acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL).33Class News'1 O Harold J. Fishbein, PhB'18, is exec-JL(_J utive director of the American Association of Maternal and Child Health, Inc.,in Los Altos, CA. He is the brother ofWilliam Fishbein, SB'20, MD'23, and thelate Morris Fishbein, SB'10, MD'12.O / Carolyn Thompson Costen,f ( PhB'22, is retired and lives in St.Louis. She has four children, seven grandchildren and four great-grandchildren.O A Harold A. Anderson, PhB'24,JLJ~X. AM'26, is retired and living inNorthbrook, IL.Glenna Mode Ball, AB'24, and HerbertA. Ball, SB'25, live in the Highland Farms Retirement Community in Black Mountain, NC.At the 1985 Senior Olympics held inSpringfield, IL, Newton E. Barrett, AM'24,of Moline, IL, won several gold medals intrack events in the 95-99-year-old age bracket. He won the Writer of the Year Award forhis poetry.Mary Poison Charlton, MAT'24, retiredfrom teaching at the University of Tennessee, Nashville. She lives in Fredonia, KS.Ferol E. Potter, PhB'24, SM'38, of Columbia, MO, returned from a seven-country cruise on the Danube River.O C Herbert A. Ball, SB'25. See 1924,^\_/ Glenna Mode Ball.Edith Heal Berrien, PhB'25, receivedthe Oak Park (IL) and River High School1985 Tradition of Excellence Award forLiterature.James W. Cooksey, PhB'25, and his wifelive in Arlington Heights, IL.Clarence A. Johnson, SB'25, SM'27, ofOak Park, IL, is emeritus professor of biochemistry at the University of Illinois,Champaign.Claire W. Huizinga Lanam, SM'25, ofBerkeley, CA, became a great-grandmotherfor the first time last year.OZL Eleanor Rice Long, PhB'26, was£m\J honored by the high school whereshe taught fifty years ago. She and her husband live in Bloomington, IN.Bernice Hartmann Peeling, PhB'26, ofMechanicsburg, PA, travels and gives bookreviews.Thelma Williams Shaw, PhB'26, of Belmont, CA, is a free-lance editor and writer.She teaches creative writing in the Palo AltoAdult School.Laura Chamberlin Walsh, PhB'26, livesin Anderson, IN, and has four children,fourteen grandchildren and seven greatgrandchildren.O'T Mary Nixon Andress, PhB'27, is a^_/ volunteer at a hospital and participates in civic activities in Leesburg, FL.Charlotte Swanson Cleeland, AM'27,was awarded an honorary degree, doctor of Family Album - '86Eric Dean Jr.; Jonathan Dean, AM' 85; and Eric Dean, AB'50, DB'53, PhD' 59.(Not shown: Betty Garret Dean, PhB'49.)Cara Madansky; Susan Madansky, MBA '85; and Albert Madansky, AB'52, SM '55,Ph D '58, professor and associate dean in the G raduate School of Business.Photographs by Richard Younker34 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986art, from MacMurray College, Jacksonville,IL.Albert W. Meyer, SB'27, PhD'30, andLeslie Hudson Meyer, SM'31, of UpperMontclair, NJ, celebrated their fifty-fourthanniversary last June. Both are members ofthe University's Alumni Fund board.Francis J. O'Brien, PhB'27, is a seniorpartner in the law firm of O'Brien, Ehrick,Wolf, Deaner and Downing, in Rochester,MN.OO Jerome Kutak, LLB'28, of Griffith,ZlO IN, is a volunteer lawyer with theHammond Legal Aid Society.Murray H. Leiffer, AM'28, lives in LaJolla, CA. The board of trustees of Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary in Evan-ston, IL, is establishing a "Dorothy andMurray Leiffer Professorial Chair in Christian Social Ethics" in honor of him and hiswife. Murray taught at Garrett for forty-three years.ElvinE. Overton, PhB'28, JD'31, has sixgrandchildren and three great-grandchildren. He lives in Knoxville, TN.Arnold E. Ross, SB'28, SM'29, PhD'31,of Worthington, OH, received the Distinguished Service to Mathematics Awardfrom the Mathematical Association ofAmerica for his life-long service to mathematics and mathematics education.OQ Mary Styles Carroll, PhB'29, of Chi-J— y cago, returned from a five week tripto Japan, the People's Republic of China,Kowloon, and Thailand.Walter H. Hebert, PhB'29, AM'42, andFrances Hubbard Hebert, X'33, celebratedtheir fiftieth anniversary last June. Theylive in Houston, TX.Laura Kyes McCrory, PhB'29, was appointed to the West Fargo, ND, LibraryBoard for a three-year term.OH N. George DeDakis, PhB'30, JD'31,v3v/ of La Crosse, WI, practices law andenjoys golfing.Paul W. Lange, PhB'30, AM'33,PhD'40, is a liaison representative forValparaiso University, IN, and for the Association of Lutheran Secondary Schools.Edward J. Lawler, Jr., PhB'30, of Memphis, TN, served as co-captain of the American Bar Association golf team which competed with the British Bench and Bar teamin London last July.O'l David C. Bogert, PhB'31, JD'33, ofO -L Los Angeles, specializes in the field ofproperty and casualty insurance, often representing insurance carriers in litigation.Elizabeth Newman Cleghorn, AM'31,of Toronto, is a founder and director of theUniversity of Chicago Club of Canada.Arthur A. Engel, PhB'31, returned toLos Angeles after doing extensive researchin Europe on NATO, CHAPE and EEC for a series of articles on key European issuesand their impact on the U.S.Leslie Hudson Meyer, SM'31. See 1927,Albert W. Meyer.O^ Ruth Rosenthal Aronberg, PhB'32,\J Z— of St. Louis, MO, has done volunteer social work for fifty years.Sarah Moment Greenberg, PhB'32, enjoys traveling and is a docent at theSmithsonian Museum of American History,Washington, D.C.Fritz R. Leiber, PhB'32, of San Francisco, writes a monthly column for Locus magazine, entitled "Moons and Stars andStuff."Friedericka Maurer Mayers, PhB'32,AM'57, PhD'65, of Chicago, volunteerswith the Lighthouse for the Blind, an Illinois visually handicapped institute. Sheenjoys traveling.OO Ruth Ketler Deters, AM'33, SM'43,\J\D and John F. Deters, SM'45, are bothprofessors emeriti at Valparaiso University,Valparaiso, IN, Ruth in mathematics, andJohn in chemistry.Elizabeth Milchrist Hanlon PhB'33,AM'37, is taking a course in financial planning at a local community college inCharlottesville, VA.Frances Hubbard Hebert, X'33. See1929, Walter H. Hebert.Jerry Jontry, PhB'33, of New York, ismanaging director of Best magazine, to belaunched in April.Clarence W. Monroe, MD'33, is on theboard of trustees of a small rural hospital inWaverly, OH.Catherine E. Stevens, PhB'33, is a volunteer at Reid Memorial Hospital, Richmond, IN, where she is a member of theHospital Auxiliary Board.Esther Feuchtwanger Tamm, PhB'33, ofFort Smith, AR, enjoys traveling, bridge,and tennis, and works for the League ofWomen Voters.OA Charles D. Andersen, PhB'34,Cjjl AM'35, is chairman of the Montgomery County (MD) Library Board; is onthe board of the Friends of the Library, Inc.of that county; and serves on the board oftrustees of Citizens for Maryland Libraries.He also leads a Great Books Group.Rosemary Volk Howland, PhB'34, hastwo new grandchildren, making eleven inall. She lives in Norwalk, CT.Harold G. Petering, SB'34, enjoys photography and playing chamber music. He iswriting research papers on the relation ofmineral nutrition to cardiovascular diseasein experimental rats. He has published several papers on research he did at the University of Cincinnati.Yvonne Kimball Puffer, PhB'34, andher husband own a book review service, MB Nubook Cards. They live in WesternSprings, IL.Donald M. Typer, AM'34, is active inthe Iowa Division of the United Nations Association and in the Iowa Conference of theUnited Methodist Church. He is a trustee ofCornell College, Mt. Vernon, IA.The Jackson, MS, chapter of Phi DeltaKappa named Kirby P Walker, AM'34, the"outstanding Mississippi administrator ofthe year." The Theta chapter of Alpha DeltaKappa recognized him as "one who has beenoutstanding in the field of education."QC Charles A. Bane, AB'35, of Palmv_/\^/ Beach, FL, has retired from the lawfirm of Isham, Lincoln and Beale, Chicago.He is a legal advisor to the Illinois State Historical Library on a project for the publication of the collected legal papers of Abraham Lincoln.J. Edward Day, AB'35, former Postmaster General under President John F.Kennedy, was elected to the board of theMedical Mutual Liability Insurance Societyof Maryland. He serves on three other insurance company boards. He is of counselto the law firm of Squire, Sanders, andDempsey, Chevy Chase, MD.Irving M. Strauch, X'35, of Memphis,TN, is a retired state judge and enjoys traveling around the world.Q /I Vesta Bradford Burch, X'36, lives inC/U Houston, TX. Her first great-grandchild, Altha Burch, was born in July.Adelaide Andresen Eiserer, SB'36. See1948, Paul E.Eiserer.Zalmon Goldsmith, AB'36, JD'38. See1938, Anne Holtzman Goldsmith.In May, Earl J. McGrath, PhD'36, of Tucson, AZ, former U.S. Commissioner of Education, received an honorary degree from theUniversity of Montevallo, Montevallo, AL.Norman Masterson, AB'36, of LongBeach, CA, is retired and enjoys traveling,golfing, and boating.Charity Harris Morse, X'36, and herhusband are retired and live in Portola Valley, CA. They have five children and fivegrandchildren.Frank Moss, AB'36, AM'40, manages theDupont Circle Cinema in Washington, D.C.William C. Norby, AB'36, of La Grange,IL, is a financial consultant and is directorof three mutual funds, two banks and abank holding company.John Roberts, SB'36, is an author andjournalist in Tokyo .Dorothy Ulrich Troubetzkoy, AB'36, ofRichmond, VA, traveled to Brazil to interview and write about descendants of Confederates who emigrated after the Civil Warand established colonies there. She has wonmany awards for her writing. Her poem,"The Time We Drove All Night," waspublished in the 2985 Anthology of Magazine35Verse, and two other poems were publishedin The Manhattan Poetry Review.Virginia Atherton Watson, PhB'36, returned to Chicago after living in Quebec fortwenty-six years.O ry Dorothy Craig Collins, AM'37, is\*J / research and editorial associate inthe office of the chancellor of Indiana University, Bloomington. She is vice-presidentof the I.U. Retirement Community, Inc.Jean C. Decker, AB'37, of Glen Ellyn, IL,is a corporate officer and corporate directorfor the company where she has worked forover thirty-five years. She has received thirtyhonorary awards, one from the AmericanBusiness Women's Association.Last July, the state of Washington dedicated a new public health laboratory complex in the name of Walvin R. Giedt,MD'37, of Bremerton, WA.Virginia Schwarz Soffer, AB'37, is active in the National Organization of Women, the League of Women Voters, and inlocal politics in Fremont, CA.Q O Richard V. Bernhart, AB'38, does\J\J consulting for foreign aid programsin the Middle East and Africa. He lives on afarm in Lovettsville, VA.Dorothy Emerick, PhB'38, SM'42, isactive in political, civic, and communityactivities in Olympia, WA.Anne Holtzman Goldsmith, AB'38,chairs a campaign to raise $1 million for theParamount Arts Centre, Aurora, IL. Herhusband, Zalmon Goldsmith, AB'36,JD'38, is chairman of the board at MercyCenter for Health Care Services and president of the Aurora Area Blood Bank.Eleanor Shapera Guthman, AB'38, is aretired reading specialist for the LosAngeles City Schools. She serves on theboard of the Long Beach chapter of Hadas-sah and the chapter's Carmel group. TheJewish Community of Leisure World andCongregation Sholom held a Salute to Israel Luncheon honoring Eleanor and her husband, Sidney.Jule Kitchell Lamar, PhD'38, retired inJanuary, 1985, after twenty years with theFood and Drug Administration in Washington, D.C.QQ Erwin F. "Bud" Beyer, AB'39, re-\~s J tired in June after forty-three yearsof teaching, most recently at State University of New York College at Plattsburg. Hewas on the faculty at the University from1941 to 1956.Beverly Breslove Martin, SB'39,SM'40, lives in Oak Park, IL. Her son, JohnD. Martin, AB'67, MBA'76, AM'82,PhD'85, received his Ph.D. in economics atthe University last August.Fred Messerschmidt, AB'39, JD'41, ofElmhurst, IL, traveled through Germany, Austria, Yugoslavia, and Hungary lastspring. He has eleven grandchildren.Robert R. Reynolds, SB'39, and hiswife, Viola, celebrated their forty-first anniversary in 1985. Robert does geological consulting in the U.S. and abroad. They live inTucson, AZ.Herbert L. Rodell, AB'39, is a volunteermember of the Sarasota Sports Committee,Sarasota, FL, which handles necessaryfunctions at Payne Park— the winter homeof the Chicago White Sox.Jean Weber Sacks, AB'39, has retiredfrom the University of Chicago Press, andstarted a gourmet food and hand-dippedchocolates business in Chicago.Frederick G. Smith, SB'39, retired fromthe Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, after thirty-seven years.Last spring, Donald Smucker, AB'39,of Indianapolis, traveled through westernEurope and attended the annual clock andjewelry show in Basel, Switzerland.Leonard Weiss, AB'39, of Arlington,VA, is an international economic consultant. He is a member of the trade advisorypanel of the U.S. Atlantic Council, forwhich he was a delegate at the annual meeting of the Atlantic Treaty Association inOporto, Portugal. He is also on the researchand study panel of the American Society ofInternational Law.Betty Smith Wheeler, X'39, and herhusband, Richard E. Wheeler, AB'40,divide their time between Bellingham, WA,and Green Valley, AZ.Betty Shroder Witt, AB'39, does volunteer work for the elderly in Kapaa, HI.Leonard W. Zedler, AB'39, retired afterforty-two years in military and federal civilservice. He lives in Heidelberg, WestGermany.A C\ Irwin J. Biederman, AB'40,±\J MBA'42, a certified public accountant and partner of Biederman, Stetter,Silverman and Co. in Northfield, IL, wasnamed an honorary member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. He lives in Highland Park, IL.Ralph W Collins, AM'40, received anaward from the governor of Michigan foroutstanding service to Michigan's mentalhealth system. He was also honored by theMichigan legislature for eight years of service as an officer of Michigan's MentalHealth Board Association. He lives inFennville, MI.Last spring, Mary E. Grenander,AB'40, AM'41, PhD'48, was awarded theAcademic Service Award by the State University of New York at Albany, where she isa professor in the Department of English.She also participated in a panel discussionat Oberlin College commencement-reunionweekend, honoring the work of RogerSperry, PhD'41. Richard E. Wheeler, AB'40. See 1939,Betty Smith Wheeler.William M. Wilkerson, AB'40, of Florida City, FL, is retired and enjoys writing./j "| Irving E. Brown, MD'41, retired af-^t J. ter serving on the staff of the ExeterHospital, Exeter, NH, for thirty-five years.Marion Roberts Daugherty, PhD'41, ofLa Jolla, CA, is active in politics and theMetropolitan Opera District AuditionsCommittee.Richard French, MBA'41, is retiredand lives in Sunland, CA. He has sixgrandchildren.Roger Sperry, PhD'41. See 1940, MaryE. Grenander.Frantz L. Warner, SB'41, of Marion,MA, was elected vice-president of the Massachusetts Association of Licensed Detective Agencies.John E. Wilson, SB'41, retired as professor of biochemistry at the University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill after thirty-five years on the faculty.George G. Wright, PhD'41, does research in internal medicine at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville.A. Hart Wurzburg, AB'41, and his wifeMinna Sachs Wurzburg, AB'43, are enjoying retirement in Longboat Key, FL. Hartworks in commercial real estate, and Minnais involved in local politics and works at abotanic garden./I O Ted Fields, SB'42, of Glencoe, IL,jt^_ married Evie Levy in October. He ispresident of IML Imaging Co., HealthPhysics Association and Fields GriffithHubbard. His son, Scott Fields, MD'77, issection chief of computed tomography atHadassah Hospital in Jerusalem.Robert A. Miller, AB'42, retired aspresident of Cryovac Division of W.R.Grace and Co. after working there forthirty-six years. He lives in Spartanburg,SC, with his wife, Mary Lu Price Miller,AB'43.Shirley Buro Robeson, AB'42, AM'43,teaches Latin in the Chicago Public Schoolsin addition to teaching a special course forthe gifted entitled "Classical Humanities"at Lane Tech High School.Harold Steinhauser, AB'42, MBA'43, ofDavis Junction, IL, is professor of businessat Rock Valley Community College, Rock-ford, IL.Sol S. Weiner, AB'42, of Evanston, IL,is a member of the Visiting Committee ofthe University's School of Social ServiceAdministration./I Q Werner A. Baum, SB'43, AM'44,jtO PhD'48, dean of the College of Artsand Sciences at Florida State University, Tallahassee, received the Scientific Freedomand Responsibility Award, given by theAmerican Association for the Advancement36 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986of Science, for challenging a federal secrecyorder. His daughter, Janice Baum, AM'75, isthe Fox Valley Area Director of the Childrens'Service Society of Wisconsin.Mary Lu Price Miller, AB'43. See 1942,Robert A. Miller.Harold K. Shelley, AB'43, is a Unitarianminister for the Unitarian Fellowship ofCocoa, FL. He is also a religious educationconsultant for the First Unitarian Church ofOrlando, FL.Minna Sachs Wurtzburg, AB'43. See1941, A. Hart Wurzburg.A A Mabel (Sue) Keefe Barker, AB'44.TIT! See 1947, Norman Barker, Jr.Donald F. Ebright, PhD'44, of Jasper,AR, a member of the Area Hunger TaskForce of the United Methodist Church inArkansas, participated in the 1985 "ingathering" in Little Rock, where $3.5 million worth of rice, cash, blankets, clothing,and health kits were collected.Richard L. Furry, PhB'44, JD'50, is apartner in the law firm of Dunlevey, Mahanand Furry in Dayton, OH.Elvira Vegh Hildegarde Gil deLamadrid, SB'44. See 1948, Jesus Gil deLamadrid.Jack James, SB'44, is a real estate appraiser in Bellevue, WA.Henry L. Wildberger, PhB'44, SB'49,MD'51, is clinical associate professor ofmedicine at Northwestern Medical School,Chicago. He is also in private practice and ison the board of the Illinois affiliate of theAmerican Diabetes Association.A£Z John F. Deters, SM'45. See 1933,T!\J Ruth Ketler Deters.Evangeline Parker, AM'45, retired after ateaching career of thirty-eight years. She isinvolved in several community projects. Sheis public relations chairman for the local unitof the American Cancer Society, state chairman of Lifespan Learning Committee for theNew Mexico Federation of Women's Clubs,area coordinator for Common Cause, andpresident of the local Retired Teachers Association and of Delta Kappa Gamma, the International Honor Society for women teachers.She lives in Silver City, NM.A /I Carolyn Rappold Reid, SB'46, ofTtO Northbrook, IL, retired after twenty-five years of public school teaching.John E. Twomey, SB'46, MBA'50, ofGreensboro, NC, retired after forty yearswith AT&T. He enjoys traveling.A1"/ Norman Barker, Jr., AB'47, MBA'53,TT/ is on the board of First InterstateBank of California, Los Angeles. He and hiswife Mabel (Sue) Keefe Barker, AB'44, livein Los Angeles.William H. Lowery, PhB'47, a partnerin the Philadelphia law firm of Dechert,Price and Rhoads, was appointed to his sec- Family Album - '86Kenneth Marshall, Jr., MBA'75; Denise Schubert Marshall, MBA'85; HarrietSchubert; and Lynda Schubert Bodman, AM'70, PhD'75.H. Thomas Cornelius; Barbara Cornelius; Susan Cornelius Hinderaker, AB'80,MBA'85; and fames Hinderaker, MBA'80. (Not shown: Karen Cornelius, JD'85.)37ond term as American Bar Associationco-chairman of the national conference oflawyers and life insurance companies.Norman L. Macht, PhB'47, and his wifemoved to Thompson, CT, where theyopened Hedgerow House, a bed and breakfast inn. Norman teaches managementcourses at Central New England Collegeand is working on a biography of Dick"Rowdy Richard" Bartell.Robert Mills, AM'47, is executive director of Temple Sholom in Chicago. He hashad two poems published: "Listening Forthe World" and "Brown Bag." He is editorof the National Association of Temple Administrators Journal.Rozella M. Schlotfeldt, SM'47,PhD'56, of Cleveland, was awarded a doctor of science Honoris Causa by the University of Illinois at Chicago last June. She alsoreceived the Edith M. Copeland FoundersAward for Creativity from the NationalChapter of Sigma Theta Tau during its biennial convention in November.Arnold L. Tanis, PhB'47, SB'49, MD'51,of Hollywood, FL, is director of the medicalassociates program of La Leche League, International, and a founding member of theInternational Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners. He is chairman of the Florida chapter of the American Academy ofPediatrics and is a member of the HealthAdvisory Council of the Professional Advisory Board.Ernest H. Tilford, AM'47, is an elder inthe Southside Presbyterian Church, Tucson, AZ, which was the first church todeclare sanctuary for Central Americanrefugees.Marion A. Trozzolo, PhB'47, MBA'50,is chairman of the board of directors of LPFPlastics Corporation and Quark Industries,Inc., Kansas City, MO. He is a partner inBaker Sandblast Company with his twosons, Peter and John.AQ Paul E. Eiserer, PhD'48, retired as^fcO professor of psychology at TeachersCollege, Columbia University, New York,after twenty-nine years. He and his wife,Adelaide Andresen Eiserer, SB'36, a retired publicist with CPC International Inc.,are involved in church activities, mentalhealth and other community affairs. Theyhave five grandchildren and live in Hen-dersonville, NC.Jesus Gil de Lamadrid, SB'48, SM'49,spent the 1984-85 academic year as visitingprofessor of mathematics at the Universityof Southern California, Los Angeles. Heand his wife, Elvira Vegh Hildegarde Gilde Lamadrid, SB'44, live in Minneapolis.Harold G. Halcrow, PhD'48, professoremeritus of agricultural economics at theUniversity of Illinois, Champaign, waselected a fellow of the American Agricultural Economics Association. He received the association's Award for Professional Excellence in recognition of "superior achievement in agricultural economics as exemplified by quality of communication," for hisbook, Agricultural Policy Analysis.Anna L. Nestmann, BLS'48, has had abuilding named in her honor by the Narra-gansett Bay Commission, Providence, RI.Upon his retirement, Frank Scordato,AB'48, AM'52, of Silver Spring, MD, received the Agency for International Development's Outstanding Career AchievementAward for his work with Africa programs.Sophronia Nickolaou Tomaras, AB'48,is chairman of the Religious EducationCommission of the Greek Orthodox Diocese of San Francisco and is a member of thearchdiocesan national curriculum committee. She is coordinator in the Office of Research and Evaluation of Tacoma (WA) public schools./1Q G" Wayne Glick, AM'49, PhD'57, is^t y retiring from the Bangor TheologicalSeminary, Bangor, ME, where he was president for eight years.Norman A. Graebner, PhD '49, receivedthe Thomas Jefferson Award, the highestaward given by the University of Virginia,Charlottesville.P Herbert Leiderman, AM'49, is professor of psychiatry at Stanford University,Stanford, CA.David J. Luck, SB'49, head of a cell biology laboratory at Rockefeller University,NY, was named the Alfred E . Mirsky Prof es-soratRU.Charles A. McLaughlin, AM'49,PhD'57, is professor of English and directorof freshman English at the University ofConnecticut, Storrs.Joyce Dannen Miller, PhB'49, AM'51,of New York City, was elected to the Boardof Industrial Relations Research Association. Last July, she lead a delegation of laborunion women to four African countries:Kenya, Zimbabwe, Zaire and Togo.Eugene Van Kranenburgh, DB'49, retired after serving as a United Church ofChrist minister for thirty-five years. Thiswinter he served as an interim minister ofCoral Isles Church, Tavernier Key, FL.Stanley Zahler, SM'49, PhD'52, is professor of genetics at Cornell University,Ithaca, NY. His wife, Eleanor "Jan"Haugness Zahler, X'50, is a probation officer in the Tompkins County Probation Department. Their daughter, Kathy AnnZahler, MST'77, received her master's ineducation at the University.CA Ian Barbour, PhD'50, is the Wini-\J\J fred and Atherton Bean Professor ofScience, Technology and Society at Carle-ton College, Northfield, MN. In October,he presented the Annual John CalvinMcNair Lecture at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill on "Creation andCosmology." He also spoke on that subjectas part of the Isthmus Institute LectureSeries in Dallas.John A. Grygiel, MBA'50, of ArlingtonHeights, IL, is vice-president of traffic forSanta Fe Railway in Chicago.Richard J. Israel, AB'50, retired as executive director of the Hillel Council of Greater Boston after twenty-eight years, and hasbecome director of central services andJudaica for the Jewish Community Centersof Greater Boston.Elisabeth Zaruba Starr, AM'50, ofKatonah, NY, retired after thirty-two yearsin education. She is a travel consultant specializing in trips to Great Britain.Rita Cohen Williams, AM'50, is a co-founder of OPICA day care center for the elderly in Los Angeles. She is also a counselorfor the elderly and president of OPICAAssociates.Josephine Shafir Jenney Young, AB'50,is chairperson of the Gardena CommunityAccess Corp. which deals with public access to cable television programming inGardena, CA.Eleanor "Jan" Haugness Zahler, X'50.See 1949, Stanley Zahler.fT*"! Henry D. Blumberg, AB'51, and his\J JL wife, Judith, are owners of "TheBrooklyn Bridge Bookshop" in New York.George E. Burton, DB'51, of Geneva,IL, received his S.M. from Northern IllinoisUniversity with a specialization in maritaland family therapy.Burton W. Kanter, AB'51, JD'52, ofHighland Park, IL, teaches estate planningat the University of Chicago Law School.Carol Lundie Pemberton, PhD'51, retired as director of the Office of Institutional Research at the University of Delaware,Newark. She and her husband, Wilfred"Bill" Pemberton, PhD'51, live in Newark,DE. Their son, Alan Pemberton, AB'74, is alawyer with Covington and Burling inWashington, D.C.Clifford B. Reif ler, AB'51, is director ofthe health service and professor of healthservices and psychiatry at the University ofRochester, NY.C O Last July, Gulnar Kheirallah Bosch,\J£- PhD'52, lectured at the University'sOriental Institute on "Heritage of Islam:Outer Structural Ornament." She is professor in the Department of Art at FloridaState University, Tallahassee.John Chavis, AM'52, is Curators' Distinguished Professor of History and dean ofthe university, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City.Robert W. Fett, AB'52, of Carmel, CA, ishead of the tactical applications departmentof the Naval Environmental PredictionResearch Facility, Monterey, CA. He is theauthor of Navy Tactical Applications Guide, a38 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986K. The University of Chie970 East 58th Street ¦ Chicago, Illinois 60637 • (312) 962-8729The Gift that says it all!SWEATPANTS80% Polyester20,l/n CottonAdults: $14.50Size: S, M, L, XWhite/MaroonletteringORDER FORMPlease specify adult or childrenThe University of Chicago Bookstore970 E. 58th Street, Chicago, 111. 60637(312) 962-8729Ship to: Street State ZipMasterCard DCredit Card No. _Issuing Bank No.Expiration Date _Signature Visa ? ITEM/TITLE COLOR QTYSHIPPING & HANDLINGUp to $10.00 add $3.00$10.01-$20.O0 add $4.50Over $20.00 add $5.50Items mailed in U.S. and Canada only.Prices are subject to change without notice.Phone orders accepted on MasterCard ornt„ /-»r»rv- SIZE PRICE EA.Sub-TotalIllinois ResidentsAdd 8% sales taxAdd Shipping andHandling TOTAL PRICEFamily Album - '86Nancy Klatt, X'58; Ben Barnard, X'58; Nancy Barnard, AM'85; Mary Jane KlattBarnard, X'58; and Harriette Klatt.Sofia Carstcns; Paulina Carstens; Agustin Carstens, AM'83, PhD'-85; CatherineMansell, AB'82, AM'85; and Guillermo Carstens. (Not shown: Alice Mansell,AB'85, and Frank Mayo, SB'29, PhD'31.) seven-volume guide about the interpretation of weather satellite data.M. Barry Kirschenbaum, AB'52, SB'54,MD'57, is secretary of the Chicago Derma-tological Society and chairman of the American Academy of Dermatology's Task Forceon Practice Environment.Daniel Mann, AB'52, of Bethesda, MD,is with B'nai B'rith International in Washington, D.C. In addition, he is on the facultyof the Baltimore Hebrew College where heis the William and Beatrice Stern LevyAssistant Professor of Contemporary Jewish Life.CO In March 1985, Hilda A. Davis,\_/v_/ PhD'53, was a delegate to theYWCA triennial convention in San Jose,CA, representing the YWCA of New CastleCounty, DE. In June, she was also a delegateat the biennial convention of the AAUW inColumbus, OH, representing the Newark,DE, branch.Ruth Miner, JD'53, married Dr. AbbasKessel in August, 1984. They live in Whitewater, WI.Marcel C. Stratton, AM'53, of Hawley,MN, retired after thirty years on the facultyin the art department of Moorhead StateUniversity, MN.Eugene C. Travis, MBA'53, of Lake Forest, IL, is managing director of Mesirowand Company, Inc.After retiring from the foreign service,Robert G. Van Duyn, PhD'53, has become aconsultant in New York.E^/| Lawrence A. Fisher, PhD'54, teach-\J JL es in the faculty of medicine at theUniversity of Calgary, Canada. He assistedthe faculty of law in developing a competency-based curriculum.Evelyn Payne Hatcher, AM'54, received an Alumni Service Award from St.Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN. Sheis a senior fellow at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, where she is a consultant to the Goldstein Gallery and is on theHatcher Museum board of directors.Fauneil J. Rinn, AM'54, PhD'60, is professor of political science and American studies at San Jose State University, San Jose,CA. She is editor-in-chief of the journal, SanJose Studies.For his personality study, Lanie, theUnwanted, Simon A. Salter, X'54, of Shreve-port, LA, won first place in the non-fiction division of the Deep South Writers Conference.C C Luther A. Allen, PhD'55, professor\J\-S of political science at the Universityof Massachusetts at Amherst, retired in January after thirty-three years of teaching.Eloise B. Cofer, PhD'55, of Raleigh,NC, is a volunteer with Partners of theAmericas, Shelter for Abused Women,Health Education Center Development andwith her local Episcopal church.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986E. Jack Harris, MD'55, lives in Massa-pequa, NY. His youngest son, Alan, is afreshman at the University's Law School.Walter L. Walker, AB'55, is president ofLemoyne-Owen College in Memphis, TN.C/l James R. Strawn, SM'56, is chief^J\J geophysicist for Chevron OverseasPetroleum Inc., in San Ramon, CA.Cjy Mary Anne Piatt Rushlau, AB'57, is\_// manager of training and standardsat Fidelity Bank and is an instructor in theDepartment of Mathematics and ComputerScience at Pennsylvannia State University,University Park.JohnL. Sekowski, MBA'57, is chairmanof the board of Seko Tool and Engineering,Co., Elmhurst, IL.Peter G. Theis, AM'57, is assistantchairman in the Department of ForeignLanguages and Literatures at MarquetteUniversity, Milwaukee.CQ George A. Candela, PhD'58, re-v_/0 ceived a 1985 I-R 100 Award for hiswork at the National Bureau of Standards ofthe U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. The award honors the "100most significant" technical developmentsof the preceding year.Gerald P. Herman, MD'58, is presidentof the medical staff of Lake County Memorial Hospital, Lake County, OH.Howard N. Manz, DB'58, AM'61, is anEnglish teacher in Melville, SK, Canada.Robert G. Maynard, MBA'58, is business manager for French Mortuary, Inc.,and Sunset Memorial Park, Inc. He raisesquarter horses on his ranch near Albuquerque, NM.In May, Carthage College, Kenosha,WI, awarded Erna Rueggeberg, AM'58, ofMount Prospect, IL, an honorary doctor ofhumane letters for her work as a director ofthe school of nursing at Lutheran Generaland Deaconess Hospital, Park Ridge, IL.Waleed M. Sadi, JD'58, is Jordan's ambassador to Turkey. He was a rapporteur atthe 1984 Armand Hammer Conference inMadrid, Spain, where he submitted a project for the creation of a U.N. High Commission for Human Rights.At the 1984 annual meeting in Chicagoof the American Academy of Religion,Philip Shen, DB'58, PhD'63, of HongKong, presented a seventy-fifth anniversary lecture, "Theological Pluralism: AnAsian Response to David Tracy.CQ John H. Allison, MBA'59, of Rich-\Jy mond, VA, is a consultant and lobbyist for several statewide trade associations in Virginia.Max O. Biltoft, MBA'59, of CocoaBeach, FL, retired after thirty-two years inthe Air Force and four years with Boeing Services International. He does volunteerwork and is a management consultant.Donald Fouts, AB'59, is president ofthe Federation of Independent Illinois Colleges and Universities in Springfield, IL.RobionKirby, SB'59, SM'60, PhD'65, isprofessor of mathematics at the Universityof California-Berkeley and deputy directorof the Mathematical Sciences ResearchInstitute there. Last summer, he and hisbrother climbed Mt. McKinley.Samuel J. Vastola, Jr., MBA'59, manager of the corporate planning department ofExxon Company, U.S.A., was named the1985 Volunteer of the Year by the Houstonchapter of the National Society of FundRaising Executives for his work on behalf ofthe Houston Grand Opera.Marvin H. Ziller, MBA'59, teachesbusiness courses at Lamar University,Orange, TX./L/| In September, Weldon K.\J\J Danielson, MBA'60, of La GrangePark, IL, retired from W Clement StoneEnterprises, Chicago.Harold M. Mailer, MD'60, was appointed to the California Hospital Association board of trustees as physician representative for Southern California for1984-86. He writes that he enjoyed histwenty-fifth class reunion immensely.Richard Mintel, SB'60, PhD'65, ofBloomington, IL, has produced four "Music of the Baroque" long playing records, ofwhich the most recent one is entitled "VomHimmel Hoch. ' ' He works at the Universityof Illinois Medical School, Urbana./I "I Rosslyn Stiegel Gaines, AM'61,\J JL PhD'63, is professor in the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology atUCLA. She was awarded the Fulbright Senior Research Award and is on leave at theUniversity of Bologna, Italy, until the summer of 1986.Roberta Moerle Jacobson, AB'61, issection chief at the Veterans AdministrationData Processing Center, Darien, IL.George J. Papagiannis, AB'61, is professor of educational foundations and policy studies at the College of Education, Florida State University, Tallahassee. Withfunds from the International DevelopmentResearch Centre in Toronto, he is doing aresearch project on microcomputers in education with implications for Third Worldeducational development.Marilyn R. Ramirez, AM'61, is professor of history at the Inter- American University, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.William F. Stolte, MBA'61, will resignin June as the academic vice-president anddean of Berea College, Berea, KY, in order toreturn to full-time teaching at the college.Last August, Margaret SwideckStrodtz, AM'61, of Maynard, IA, attendedthe commemoration of the fortieth anniver sary of the dropping of the bomb at Hiroshima, Japan. This followed a four-week tourof the People's Republic of China.Last fall, Clark M. Williamson, DB'61,AM'63, PhD'69, of Indianapolis, lectured atcollege campuses around the country on theology in light of Jewish-Christian relations.L^f Mourad Arganian, AM'62, is coor-\J Z— dinator of mental health servicesand programs with the Group HealthCooperative of South Central Wisconsin,Madison. He and his wife, Bobbie, teach aquarterly workshop for couples entitled"Marriage and Stress."Roberta R. Collard, PhD'62, retired inJanuary from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and is a research associatein the psychology department at Smith College, Northhampton, MA.Lisbeth Kamborian Godley, AB'62,MBA' 64, is an attorney in Washington, D.C.Martin H. Israel, SB'62, professor ofphysics and associate director of Washington University's McDonnell Center in St.Louis, was named to an advisory panel toNASA.Shirley Prasil Lawrisuk, AB'62, ofFrankfort, IL, teaches mathematics andcoaches the math team at Crete-MoneeHigh School in Crete, IL.Dennis P. O'Leary, SB'62, is professorof otolaryngology at the University ofSouthern California School of Me"dicine,Los Angeles. He directs basic and clinicalresearch in biophysical and neurophysio-logical control mechanisms of the inner ear.Alcyone M. Scott, AM'62, PhD'81, isassociate professor of English and humanities at Midland Lutheran College, Fremont,NE.Deborah Dinitz Strauss, AB'62,AM'64, is executive director of the Information Technology Resource Center at theMuseum of Science and Industry, Chicago.John R. Wheeler, MBA'62, is a public affairs specialist at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME . He is a part-time host of alocal radio show, "Service Sounds." Hewas also promoted to captain in the NavalReserve Medical Service Corps./TO Nelson H. H. Graburn, PhD'63, of\J^_J Berkeley, CA, received a senior fellowship in Canadian studies in order tocontinue field and library research onCanadian Eskimo arts and to complete twobooks on Eskimo art.Chester C. Graham, AB'63, is in privatelaw practice in Brainerd and Crosslake,MN.Kenneth Gordan, AM'63, PhD'73, recently married Nancy Rowan. They live inArlington, VA.James W. Hart, MBA'63, of Littleton,CO, is president of Hartech, Inc., designingmicrowave and two-way radio systems forcommon carrier, commercial, and govern-41ment entities. His last child of three graduated from college last June.James C. Marias, JD'63, is chairman ofthe Mickelberry Corporation and UnionCapital Corporation, New York. He marriedactress Glenn Close last year.Charles E. Nootens, AB'63, MBA'64, isarea director for Time Energy of Chicagoand Time Energy of Minnesota. He lives inOak Park, IL.David R. Segal, AM'63, PhD'67, received a Teaching Excellence Award fromthe division of behavioral and social sciences at the University of Maryland, College Park. His wife, Mady Wechsler Segal,AM'67, PhD'73, was named DistinguishedScholar-Teacher by the U. of M.Bruce A. Shuman, AB'63, AM'65, ofFort Lee, NJ, is working on his third book,which deals with the effects of technological change on a public library, its staff, andits audience.Miroslav "Mike" Synek, PhD'63, ofSan Antonio, TX, served on the panel of theNational Academy of Sciences of theNational Research Council. He is listed inthe 1985 edition of Who's Who in Frontiers ofScience and Technology.C^A Joyce C. Johnson Strah, AM'64, of\J^t Bethel, CT, received her doctor ofsocial welfare degree from the GraduateSchool of Social Service, Fordham University, last spring.Herbert J. Walberg, PhD'64, is researchprofessor of education at the University ofIllinois at Chicago. He is a research consultant to the U.S. Secretary of Education,William Bennett./ICT O. C. "Bobby" Daniels, AM'65, is\J\J associate vice-president and dean ofstudent affairs at Kent State University,Kent, OH.Michael Feer, SM'65, is a cognitivetherapist at the Cotting School for Handicapped Children in Boston. He is a specialist in therapeutic application of microcomputers, biofeedback and hypnosis in theremediation of physically disabled andlearning disabled children and adolescents.David F. Feingold, AB'65, is an urbanplanner/administrator for New York City'sDepartment of Housing, Preservation, andDevelopment.Rosemarie Frost Swanson, SB'65,spent seven months in Gottingen, WestGermany, studying evolution in ManfredEigen's laboratory. She writes that it was"an outstanding experience, scientificallyand culturally! However, the lack of sun inGermany made me positively happy to see104-degree temperatures and drought backhome in Brvan, TX."Last year, Edward B. Versluis, AM'65,PhD'72, of Ashland, OR, took a four-monthtrip through Europe with his teenageddaughters. In March, he delivered a paper, "M. C. Escher's 'Likely Impossibilities':Using the Beauty of Mathematics to Createthe Truth of Art," at the M. C. Escher Congress in Rome. In November he delivered apaper, "Computer Simulations and ExpertSystems: From Technical Mediation toHumanistic Clarification," at the Mediation of Technology Conference in ColoradoSprings, CO.Eugene Zeffren, SM'65, PhD'67, ofLincolnshire, IL, is vice-president of research and development at Helene Curtis,Inc.(*\fc\ "^on Bauer, MBA'66, is regionalU\_/ manager for Cessna Aircraft Co.,Columbus, OH.Charles Gellert, AB'66, is a computeranalyst at the Federal National MortgageAssociation (Fannie Mae), Washington,D.C.Robert B. Gennis, SB'66, is professor ofchemistry and biochemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana.Karelisa Voelker Hartigan, AM'66,PhD'70, is associate professor of classics atthe University of Florida, Gainesville. She isfounder and director of the U . of F. Comparative Drama Conference, and co-founder andco-director of the Center for Greek Studies.Thomas J. McShane, MBA'66, is chairman and chief executive officer of Prometheus Products, Fremont, CA, whichmanufactures modems and communicationssoftware for use with personal computers.He is married and has three children.Gary Patrik, SB'66, is vice-president ofactuary at North American ReinsuranceCorporation, New York.Barbara Jur Yanosko, AB'66, teachesquantitative method in the School of Business and Economics at Humboldt State University, Areata, CA./lrT George Georgiou, MBA'67, of Oak\J / Park, IL, retired from the faculty ofTruman College, Chicago, in May, 1985.Andrew B. Harris, AB'67, is chairmanof the theater division of the MeadowsSchool of the Arts at Southern MethodistUniversity, Dallas.Howard L. Kirz, MD'67, of Seattle, issenior director of medical staff management for Group Health Cooperative, ahealth maintenance organization in thePacific Northwest.John D. Martin, AB'67, MBA'76,AM'82, PhD'85. See 1939, Beverly BresloveMartin.Robert E. Sabath, MBA'67, partner andvice-president of A. T. Kearney, Inc., Chicago, was named president-elect of the Institute of Management Consultants.Lois Wolf Schwartz, AB'67, AM'72, hasa word processing and editing business and does free-lance administrative work at theUniversity of California-Berkeley LawSchool. Her husband, Lawrence Schwartz,AB'67, is an internist in private practice inOakland, CA.Mady Wechsler Segal, AM'67, PhD'73.See 1963, David R.Segal.Juul H. Thompson, AB'67, has a law office in Batavia, IL, specializing in real estateand creditor-debtor cases. He is in thetwentieth edition of Who's Who in theMidwest.Avis Vidal, AB'67, is associate professorat the J. F. Kennedy School of Government,Harvard University, Cambridge, MA./CO Alan Bloom, AB'68, of RedondoUO Beach, CA, is secretary of MaxicareHealth Plans, Inc., a publicly traded company that owns health maintenance organizations and related entities.Morrie Blumberg, AM'68, is a volunteer alcoholism counselor at Kirtland Air-force Base. He completed two studies forthe New Mexico Alcoholism and DrugAbuse Counselors Association and is afounding member of the Albuquerque,NM, UNICEF Advisory Council.Thomas H. Kieren, MBA'68, is president and managing director of the Manhattan Consulting Group. He gave a presentation to a group of acquisition professionalssponsored by Executive Enterprises, Inc.Rosella McCullum LaBroi, AM'68, isassistant director of elementary educationat Gary Community School Corporation,Gary, IN.Christine Shields, AB'68, teaches andpractices general internal medicine at theMassachusetts General Hospital at itshealth center in Revere, MA. She enjoyed across-country camping trip to and from the1984 Summer Olympics.Elliot M. Simon, AM'68, is a free-lanceeditor and production specialist inGuerneville, CA. He is a member of theOccidental Community Choir./IQ P. Brooke Alt, AB'69, MST'70,\J y MD'78, is a pathologist practicing inBoulder, CO. She is married and has twosons.David F. Barone, AB'69, associate professor of psychology at Nova University,Fort Lauderdale, FL, is the founding director of the Maltz Research Institute.Phillip E. Dlouhy, MBA'69, of River-woods, IL, was appointed manager of theAustin Company's process division.William A. Galston, AM'69, PhD'73.See 1973, Miriam Steinberg Galston.William J. King, Jr., AB'69, of HighlandPark, IL, is a biochemist in cancer diagnosticsat Abbott Laboratories in North Chicago.Stephen Korwin, AB'69, is a generaland vascular surgeon at Danbury Hospital,Danbury, CT.42 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986Family Album - '86fane Flanders Ziff, AB'49; Donald Alexander Ziff, AB'85; and Howard Ziff.(Not shown: Ellen Flanders, PhB'47, and LarzerZiff, AM'50, PhD'55.)»ajw mm \.jm.1 ! WJwP'lf ^3 SL i i i !Sfan/ey Grosshandler; Dean Grosshandler, AB '85; and Ann Sklar Grosshandler,AB'51. (Notshown: David Sklar, AM'49, and Herbert Baum, AM'51.) Cynthia Tobias, AM'69, PhD'77, ofTucson, AZ, received her master's in industrial engineering this year.William Weese, MD'69, is in privatepractice in pulmonary diseases in Phoenix,AZ. He is chairman of the Department ofInternal Medicine at St. Joseph's Hospitalin Phoenix, and is president of the ArizonaThoracic Society.ryr^ Diane J. Austin, AM'70, PhD'74, is/ \J associate professor in the Department of Anthropology at Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.Paul Cooper, MBA'70, of Westport, CT,is president of Knight Ridder FinancialServices.Helen Hiller Frink, AM'70, PhD'75,was awarded a grant from the Marion andJasper Whiting Foundation for travel toWest Germany in 1985. There she established internships for students at KeeneState College, East Acworth, NH, whereshe is associate professor of German.Robert G. Gilbertson, MBA'70, ofSouthport, CT, is the founding presidentand chief executive officer of ChannelnetCorporation. He also is president and chiefexecutive officer of Data Switch Corporation, which is the principal shareholder ofChannelnet Corporation.Steven M. Goldberg, AB'70, of Seattle,is a lecturer for CAUSA Northwest andWashington State coordinator for CAUSAMinisterial Alliance. He does public education on the problems of Marxism-Leninismand explores alternatives in his lecture series entitled, "Communism, Critique andCounterproposal.Marjorie Lange Lucchetti, AM'70,PhD'74, of Glenview, IL, is senior vice-president of sales at R. R. Donnelly, Chicago.Peggy Kilborn Newcomer, AM'70,works with displaced homemakers entering the job market in Seattle.Clyde Ostler, MBA'70, is an executivevice-president of Wells Fargo and Co., andits principal subsidiary, Wells Fargo Bank,San Francisco.Ann Salitsky, AB'70, of Durham, NC, issenior counsel in the legal department ofBurroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, NC.Maureen Sullivan Sheehy, AM'70,completed a two-year training program infamily therapy at the Family Institute/Center for Family Studies of Chicago. She is apastoral counselor at a Catholic parish inChicago and has a private practice in familytherapy in Evanston, IL.Paul M. Shupack, JD'70, is professor oflaw at the Benjamin N. Cardozo Law Schoolof Yeshiva University, New York.Fredrick L. Silverman, MAT'70, is anassociate professor at the University ofNorthern Colorado, Greeley. He participated in the International Conference on Com-43puting in the Humanities at Brigham YoungUniversity, Provo, UT.^71 Ron McAdow, AB'71, lives in/ J. Southborough, MA, with his wifeand daughter. He is a teacher and campdirector.Anders Nereim, AB'71, is assistant professor of architecture at the University ofIllinois in Chicago. He was appointedvisiting lecturer at the University of Pennsylvania. With his business partner, he wona Chicago Chapter/American Institute ofArchitects Distinguished Building Award.Thomas H. Nooter, AB'71, is a lawyerin private practice in New York, specializingin federal criminal cases.Penny Perry, AM'71, is a news editorfor the KNT News Service in Washington,D.C. She is married and has three children.Stephen Rand, MD'71, of Cedarhurst,NY, was elected a fellow of the AmericanAcademy of Allergy and Immunology.Robert S. Tilton, MBA'71, is director oftransportation for Kilsby-Roberts, at its corporate headquarters in Brea, CA. Medical University of South Carolina,Charleston.r70 Frank P Baxpehler, MBA'72, owns/ ±— the international management andmarketing service of F. P Baxpehler andAssoc. Ltd., in Glenview, IL.Stanley Becker, AB'72, AM'74, marriedFannie Fonseca of Bogota, Columbia, in1984. He works in the Epidemiological Intelligence Service at the U.S. Centers forDisease Control, Atlanta, GA.Hugo Boschmann, MAT'72, professorof biology at Hesston College, Hesston, KS,is on sabbatical leave in London with hisfamily.William A. Brandt, Jr., AM'72, of Highland Park, IL, is president of DevelopmentSpecialists, Inc., a consulting firm specializing in services to reorganizing, troubled, or bankrupt businesses.Carol Moseley Braun, JD'72, assistantIllinois House Majority Leader, is a candidate seeking the Democratic nomination forlieutenant governor in this year's elections.Jeanjacoby, AB'72, is research assistantprofessor of ophthalmology at New YorkUniversity, New York.Charles P Kaplan, AM'72, PhD'76, isexecutive director of the National Association of Industrial and Office Parks. He is co-founder of the University of Chicago Alumni Club in San Antonio, TX.Paul Preston, AB'72, AM'73, of Berkeley, CA, is assistant dean of students incharge of special programs at CaliforniaState University, Hayward. He wrote twoworks, "Underrepresentation of Studentswith Disabilities in Higher Education," and"The Statewide Policy for the Provision ofServices to Students with Disabilities inPostsecondary Education."Stephen I. Schabel, MD'72, is professor and chief of diagnostic radiology at the ryQ Henry Cade, MBA'73, of Chicago,/ \J manager of public affairs and professional relations for Walgreen Co., wasnamed vice-president of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy.James E. Caldwell, MBA'73, a seniorpartner in the Chicago law firm of Caldwelland Hubbard, was appointed chairman ofthe American Bar Association StandingCommittee on Lawyers in the ArmedForces.David R. Denley, AB'73, returned toHouston after spending a year as an exchange scientist at the Royal Dutch ShellLaboratory in Amsterdam.Norma Fowler, AB'73, is an associateprofessor in the Department of Botany atthe University of Texas, Austin.Mark Friedman, AB'73, MD'77, is apractitioner and consultant of preventiveand internal medicine and director of thepreventive medicine program at St. Anne'sHospital in Fall River, MA. He lives with hiswife and two sons in Cohasset, MA.Miriam Steinberg Galston, PhD'73, is atax lawyer and director of economic andsocial programs at the Roosevelt Center inWashington, D.C, where she published abook on agricultural policy. She and herhusband, William A. Galston, AM'69,PhD'73, have a young son, Ezra Galston.William M. Hand, AB'73, is the manager of computed tomography products engineering for General Electric in Milwaukee,WI. He toured China and met with representatives of business and the People's Republic of China to explore joint businessventure possibilities in medical imagingequipment.Ted A. Peterson, MBA'73, of Chicago, issenior vice-president of property development for U.S. Equities Realty, Inc.Brantly Womack, AM'73, PhD'77, ofSycamore, IL, a political scientist fromNorthern Illinois University, De Kalb, wasone of twelve Americans to visit Vietnamand Cambodia in January in a venture sponsored by the U.S. Indochina ReconciliationProject.^7 A Bruce E. Bursten, SB'74, is assistant/ ^t professor of chemistry at Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus. He was named anAlfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow, aCamille and Henry Dreyfus FoundationTeacher-Scholar, and the OutstandingTeacher of the Year in OSU's College of Artsand Sciences.Stephen M. Davidson, PhD'74, of Newton, MA, is associate professor and directorof Health Management Programs at BostonUniversity's School of Management.Sherry R. Mittleman Eagle, MST'74, isassistant principal at Thornwood HighSchool in South Holland, IL. Last August, T Gregory Guzik, AB'74,SM'76, PhD'80, and Jane E. GoodmanGuzik, SM'80, had twin boys, Glen Alexander and Kyle Andrew. They live in BatonRouge, LA.Johnnine Brown Hazard, PhD'74,JD'77, an environmental attorney, wasnamed partner in the law firm of Bell, Boyd,and Lloyd, Chicago.Karol Kennedy, AB'74, AM'74, of Lov-eland, OH, had a child, Robin, last June.Katherine E. Kinney, AB'74, of Sunnyvale, CA, is a Sloan Fellow at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business for 1985-86.Alan A. Pemberton, AB'74. See 1951,Carol Lundie Pemberton.John L. Scadding, PhD'74, is seniorvice-president and director of research atthe Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.fVC Charles M. Adelman, PhD'75, is as-/ \J sociate professor of art at the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls. Hereceived a Fulbright Fellowship to Swedento complete publication of work on the excavations at Sinda, Cyprus. He is a ceramicsanalyst at the Askqelon excavation in Israel.Janice Baum, AM'75. See 1943, WernerA. Baum.David Broderic, MBA'75, president andchief executive officer of the Lebanon (PA)Good Samaritan Hospital, was appointedto the board of directors of the FarmersTrust Co.M. Leslie Edmonds, AM'75, is assistantprofessor at the Graduate School of Libraryand Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Daniel M. Rosenthal, AB'75, MBA'77, anaudit partner specializing in banking andsecurities, is founder and director of the UnitInvestment Trust Service Group, New York.He is also on the audit team for Bank of NewYork and Dean Witter Reynolds.Francine Ziemba Smolucha, AM'75,and Larry Smolucha, MFA'78, live inOakbrook Terrace, IL. Their paper "A FifthPiagetian Stage: The Collaboration Between Analogical and Logical Thinking inArtistic Creativity" was published in theFall 1985 issue of Visual Arts Research, University of Illinois Press.Mark Turner, AB'75, works on artificialintelligence projects at Digital EquipmentCorporation, Boston. He and his wife,Christena, have a three-year-old son, Evan.r7£L Jeff Caruso, SM'76, PhD'79, is mar-/ \J ried to Melissa Weiksnar. They havetwo children and live in Concord, MA.Thomas J. Fitzgerald, MBA76, of LakeForest, IL, is senior vice-president of marketing and sales for the Southern Pacificand Santa Fe Railway Co.David Glassberg, AB'76, is assistantprofessor of history at Denison University,Granville, OH.44 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986Do your holiday cards to fellowalums come back marked"addressee unknown"?What's your first-year roommatedoing now?Are there other Chicago alumsin northwest Utah?Find out fromThe 1986 Alumni DirectoryThe University's own "Who's Who"For the first time since 1973 the University is publishing an Alumni Directory.You will shortly receive a Directory questionnaire. Please fill it out and returnit as soon as possible. We want to be sure that your entry is correct andcomplete.Remember to order your own copy of the Directory. Simply fill out thecoupon at the bottom of the questionnaire. Directories must be ordered onthis coupon.This offer is open to alumni of The University of Chicago only.QQARakesh Kaul, MBA'76 and his wife,Sushma, had a son, Shiva Krishnan, lastAugust. Rakesh works with the President'sFund in Orange, CA.In August, a daughter, Ariela Marcus-Sells was born to Janet Marcus, AM'76,PhD'85, and Michael A. Sells, AM'77,PhD'82. Michael is an assistant professor ofreligion at Haverford College, Haverford,PA, and Janet is a research associate at theUniversity of Pennsylvania.Lauren Proctor, AB'76. See 1979,Jacquelynne Bowman.Bradford R. Robinson, AB'76, andSusan I. Kirschner, AB'76, had a daughter,Emily Louise Robinson, last August. Bradis a senior environmental analyst workingwith the state of Connecticut. Susan is coordinator of public affairs for the School ofLaw at Western New England College. Theylive in Windsor, CT.Joseph Schuldenrein, AM'76, PhD'83,is senior archeologist at Gilbert/Commonwealth, a consulting firm in Jackson, MI.He is directing prehistoric and geographicinvestigations in Iowa, Pennsylvania, andUtah, and is also consulting for several National Science Foundation projects in theNear East.Patrick Shrout, PhD'76, of Montclair,NJ, is associate professor in the School ofPublic Health at Columbia University.Richard D. Simon, Jr., MD'76, practices internal medicine at the Walla Walla,WA, Clinic. He is active in state and localmedical societies.Timothy S. Sullivan, AB'76, is finishing his Ph.D. in physics at the University ofWashington, Seattle.George H. Ziegler, MBA'76, of Venice,CA, is president of Ziegler Steel ServiceCorp., a family business engaged in steeldistribution.'V'V David Beaubien, AM'77, PhD'84, is/ / music director at Lake Forest Academy-Ferry Hall, Lake Forest, IL, where heteaches both choral and instrumental classes. He is also choir director of the First Unitarian Church of Chicago.Deborah Bloom, AB'77, received herJ.D. from the University of Michigan in1984. She is an associate with the law firmof Mershon, Sawyer, Johnston, Dunwody,and Cole in Miami.Abraham Clott, AB'77, is an attorneywith the Criminal Appeals Bureau of the Legal Aid Society in New York.Frank Faeth, MBA'77, and MartaPeterson Faeth, MBA'77, had a daughter,Sarah Ellen, last May. They live in Acton,MA.Scott Fields, MD'77. See 1942, TedFields.Sylvia Hohri, AB'77, is editor of TheContemporary, the newspaper of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, Family Album - '86MordechaiPodet; EvePodet, AB'82, AM'85; and Norma Yonover Podet, AB'42.Elva Cowcll; Casey Cowell, AB'75; Wes Cowetl, AB'85; Leslie Cowell; andHeidi Watts, AB'84.46 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986where she is also public outreach coordinator.Andrew A. Krakauer, MBA'77, is director of financial planning for Ohmeda, themedical equipment division of the BOCgroup. He lives with his wife and son inWestf ield, NJ.Beatriz Diaz Penso-Buford, AB'77,AM'78, is counseling coordinator of thespecial services program at NortheasternIllinois University. She lives with her husband and son in Chicago.Marc Roberts, AM'77, married NancyCohen in October. He is a vice-president ofSalomon Brothers, a Wall Street investmentfirm.Michael A. Sells, AM'77, PhD'82. See1976, Janet Marcus.Timothy D. Wolfe, JD'77, is a partnerwith the law firm of Greenberg, Traurig,Askew, Hoffman, Lipoff, Rosen and Quen-tel in Miami.Kathy Ann Zahler, MST'77. See 1949,Stanley Zahler.Richard E. Ascher, MBA'78, is senior vice-president and director ofmarketing and sales at the Chicago Corporation, an investment firm.Linda S. Weaver Crapsi, AM'78, wasmarried in April, 1985, in Scottsdale, AZ.Paula J. Ehrlich, AB'78, MBA'80, andher husband had a daughter, DinaMichelle, in July. Paula is a microcomputersystems consultant; she teaches businessapplications and use of micros, and writessoftware.Nikolai Fartuch, MBA'78, was appointed instructor in economics and business at Lafayette College, Easton, PA.Jonathan Ginsburg, AB'78, and hiswife, Julie Gordon, are both rabbis in conservative/egalitarian synagogues in Brooklyn, NY. Their daughter, Shoshana, wasborn in June, 1985.Steven Levy, JD'78, of Edgewater, MD,is of counsel to the law firm of Arent, Fox,Kittner, Plotkin and Kahn in Washington,D.C. He spent a month last year in Genevaas a member of the U.S. delegation to theInternational Telecommunication UnionWorld Conference on the Use of the Satellite Space Orbit.Margaret Rapp, AM'78, of Washington,D.C, presented a public lecture at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts in February. In thetalk, "The Construction and Deconstruc-tion of Value: Post-modern Attitudes inArchitecture," she explored the parallelsbetween post-modern literary andarchitectural theory.Wendy Rickert, AB'78, is a marketingdirector for the commercial division of Static Control Services, an electronics firm inPalm Springs, CA.In September, F. Bruce Sleeper, AB'78,and Joanne Adler Sleeper, AB'78, of South Portland, ME, became parents of a girl,Manya Katherine.Larry Smolucha, MFA'78. See 1975,Francine Ziemba Smolucha.Jacquelynne Bowman, AB'79, married David Rentsch in September,1984. They both practice law in Boston.They went canoeing on the Housatonic River with Lauren Proctor, AB'76, who is an internist in Chicopee, MA.J. Leon Boyd, MBA'79, is director ofelectronics operation with a graphics corporation in Melbourne, FL. He lives in In-dialantic, FL.Helen Fedor, AB'79, married SamuelBurkeen in October, 1984. They live in Alexandria, VA.Becky Hassoun, AB'79, MD'83, completed her residency in pediatrics at theUniversity of Florida, Gainesville. Sheplans to specialize in pediatric intensivecare.Charles D. Hoyt, MBA'79, is presidentof Hoyt and Co., New York, risk management consultants and investment advisorsto institutional investors.Landy Carien Johnson, AB'79, and herhusband, David, had a daughter, RebeccaMay, in November, 1984. They live in Jefferson, MA.William Kadish, AB'79, of JamaicaPlain, MA, is a resident in psychiatry at theMassachusetts Mental Health Center. Hemarried Marie Hubart last May.W. Joseph Ketcherside, MD'79, completed a residency in neurological surgeryat the University of Kansas and has enteredprivate practice in Kansas City, MO.S. Timothy Kochis, MBA'79, is manager in the San Francisco office of DeloitteHaskins and Sells, an accounting and consulting firm.Leslie Lapides, AB'79, and RobertKahn, AB'79, were married in Philadelphialast June. Leslie is a copy editor for Knight-Ridder, Inc. Robert is an international finance economist for the Federal ReserveBoard of Governors. They live in Washington, D.C.Kathleen Lydon, MBA'79, is vice-president of business development for CharlesPercy and Associates, Inc., an internationalrelations and trade consulting firm based inWashington, D.C.Matthew K. McNeelege, AB'79, of SanFrancisco, is assistant treasurer of Bell Savings and Loan in San Mateo, CA.Andrew R. Porter, AM'79, is a qualityassurance coordinator at the Naval Hospitalin Charleston, SC.Elise Bloom Silverman, AB'79, practices employment law litigation with theNew York law firm of Jackson, Lewis,Schnitzler and Krupman.Michael S. Wax, AM'79, opened a business brokerage firm, Business Brokerage Advisors, in Falmouth, MA. He is marriedand has two children.John R. Alison, AM'80, is a lawclerk for Chief Judge Howard T.Markey, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Washington, D.C.Jane E. Goodman Guzik, SM'80. See1974, T. Gregory Guzik.Donald Logan, MBA'80, marriedKathleen Burt in October. Donald is a vice-president at the Bank of America in SanFrancisco.Sally Satel, SM'80, is in her second yearof a psychiatric residency at Yale University,New Haven, CT.Michael Seibold, AM'80, is director ofbusiness strategy consulting for Blue Crossand Blue Shield Association, Chicago.Larry S. Stone, MD'80, completed hisresidency in ophthalmology at the University of Chicago and a fellowship in ophthalmic plastic surgery at McGill University, Montreal. He opened a private practicein ophthalmic plastic surgery and ophthalmology in Chicago.Gary S. Sylvan, MBA'80, lives inNorthbrook, IL. His son Ian is in the M.B. A.program at the University.Mark R. Winston, AB'80, completedhis clerkship on the Ohio Court of Appealsin Cleveland. He is a clerk for U.S. DistrictCourt Judge Neal McCurn in Syracuse, NYMiguel Arias, AB'81, MD'85, is an intern in internal medicine at EvanstonHospital, Evanston, IL. In June, he will begina residency in psychiatry at UCLA-NPI.Marcella Biro Barton, PhD'81, is associate professor of history at Rio Grande College, Gallipolis, OH. She was elected to theexecutive council of the Ohio Academy ofHistory and was named to the Distinguished Teachers Award Committee for thesecond year.Mitchell Gilaty, MBA'81, is a corporatefinance specialist with Wells Fargo and Company in San Francisco. He celebrated his firstwedding anniversary in September.Anna JoLundin Ingraham, AB'81, is inher third year with the Peace Corps inSwaziland.Franklin H. Kettle, MBA'81, of Canton,MA, is a manager at Arthur Andersen andCo., Boston, an international public accounting and consulting firm.Andrew Kirk, MBA'81, is manager ofbusiness development for Velsicol Corporation, Chicago. His son, Graham ThomasKirk, was born last September.Last summer, George Klawitter,PhD'81, was a National Endowment for theHumanities Fellow at Princeton, NJ.R. Eric Weber, MBA'81, of Playa DelRey, CA, married Sharon S. Marich in September. He is product manager in the PetFoods division of Carnation Company. He47is also the director of marketing for IronMountain Ski Area near Lake Tahoe, CA.O O Jonathan Baum, JD'82, of Evanston,KJ £m IL, a special cooperating counsel atthe American Civil Liberties Union of Illinois, received the ACLU's 1985 AnnettaDieckmann Volunteer Award.Richard Caputo, PhD'82, is a directorof research and information systems atUnited Charities of Chicago. He presented areport on family options at the FamilyService America Biennial Conference inIndianapolis.Duncan "Duke" Groebe, AB'82, is afourth-year graduate student in biochemistry at the University of Illinois, Champaign.In January, his lab group started working inthe Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Colorado, Boulder.His wife, Elizabeth Baker Groebe, AB'83,is a third year medical student at the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine.She will transfer to the University of Colorado, Denver, Medical School for her fourthyear.Frank U. Guida, PhD'82, is a researchassociate for the Office of Academic Affairsat the NYC Technical College of CUNY. Heco-authored an article entitled "TheMediating Effect of Time-or-Dark on theAcademic Anxiety/ Achievement Interaction: A Structural Model" which appearedin the Fall, 1985 issue of Journal of Researchand Development in Education.Leon Lee, AM'82, of Dorchester, MA, isprogram director for a psycho-social rehabilitation program in the Boston area.Christopher Lesieutre, AB'82, of Ros-coe, IL, spent last summer doing researchon the Alaskan tundra.Thomas W. Loechel, MBA'82, of Overland Park, KS, is director of product development for US Telecom, Inc., in KansasCity.S. Howard Noel, AM'82, practices psychotherapy and clinical hypnosis in Chicago.His second son, Gabriel, was born in July.Robert A. Wert, MBA'82, is an investment executive in the Reading, PA, branch office of the investment banking and securitiesbrokerage firm of Butcher and Singer, Inc.Malinda Wyss-Calvin, AM'82, is pastorof Roodhouse Christian Church,Roodhouse, IL.OO Bruce Ardis, MBA'83, was promot-C_Jv_J ed to executive director of MaxicareOhio, Inc., Cincinnati.Patricia Schlosser Burnett, AB'83, is aresearch analyst for Southwest Econometrics, a consulting firm in Austin, TX.Elizabeth Baker Groebe, AB'83. See1982, Duncan "Duke" Groebe.Douglas Jones, AB'83, is on a Presidential Fellowship at the University of Virginia,Richmond. He has written and had pro- Family Album - '86Colin Kwok; Vida Wentz, PhB'26, SM'27, MD'35; Carole Kwok; Mary Li; AbbyLi, AB'79, PhD'85; Alvin Kwok; Pui-Yan Kwok, AB'79, SM'81, PhD'85; CarolynKwok; Tsung-Ming Li, AM'51; Jean Burns Bell, MST'78; Yeow-Meng Thum; andMax Bell, AM '58, MAT' 59, professor in the education department. (Not shown:Joachim Li, SB'80, SM'80, and Dean Li, AB'83.)duced three plays for children and severalcommercial radio spots.Robert E. Kahng, AB'83, of Vestal, NY,is a financial analyst at the IBM Federal Systems Division in New York. He is an alumnirecruiter for the University in the Endicott/Binghamton/Ithaca area.Donn G. Marcussen, AM'83, receivedhis D.MN. in June from Meadville/LombardTheological School and is a minister to theSouth Valley Unitarian Universalist Societyin Murray, UT.David Schaffer, AB'83. See BrianSullivan, 1984.Qzd. William Cerbin, PhD'84, is assist-OtI ant professor of psychology at theUniversity of Wisconsin-La Crosse.Mark Contreras, AB'84, of Washington,D.C, is a legislative assistant for SenatorPaul Simon (D-IL) on the Senate JudiciaryCommittee. He handles immigration, refugee, and security and terrorism issues.Francis J. Hannon, SB '84, is workingtowards his Ph.D. in chemistry at HarvardUniversity, Cambridge, MA.Daniel R. Laurence, AB'84, of MenloPark, CA, works in the finance division ofLockheed Company, Sunnyvale. David McCluskey, AB'84, graduatedwith a master's degree in industrial and labor relations from Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, in December.Donna Shrout, AB'84, spent last summer in Northern California doing field research on the Hell's Angels MotorcycleClub for her master's thesis in geography atthe University of Wisconsin-Madison.Brian Sullivan, AB'84, is in his secondyear at Harvard Law School as is DavidSchaffer, AB'83.Ken Weinstein, AB'84, is in the Ph.D.program in government at Harvard.Qasim Zaidi, PhD'84, is assistant professor in the Department of Psychology atColumbia University, New York.O CT Pamela R. Bleisch, AM'85, is work-v_J\_/ ing on her Ph.D. in classical literature at UCLA, where she is a Chancellor'sFellow.David A. Hurwitz, MBA'85, is nationalsales manager for DeSoto, Inc., DesPlaines, IL.Frank R. Tortorella, MBA'85, is assistant administrator of operations at IllinoisMasonic Medical Center, Chicago.48 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986DeathsTrusteesEdwin A. Bergman, AB'39, formerchairman of the University of ChicagoBoard of Trustees, died on February 17. Hewas sixty-eight. A founder, president, andmember of the board of trustees of the Museum of Contemporary Art and vice-chairman of the Art Institute of Chicago,Bergman won national recognition in artcircles through his involvement with museums and art organizations here and in othercities, and because of his and his wife's extensive private collection.As president and chairman of the U.S.Reduction Company, he built the largest independent secondary aluminum smelter inthe U.S., later acquired by the AmericanCan Company. He also served on theboards of the American Can Company, theFirst National Bank of East Chicago andPittway Corporation. Along with his manycivic and philanthropic commitments,Bergman was vice-president of the ChicagoSinai Congregation from 1955 to 1961, and amember of its board of trustees from 1961to 1965.Upon his election as chairman of theUniversity Board of Trustees in 1981,Bergman stepped down from his executiveposition in industry to devote himself full-time to his duties at the University. Heserved as chairman until June. He presidedover the creation of a new Board of Governors for the University's Hospitals andClinics and over the successful beginningsof the Campaign for the Arts and Sciences.He was active in the University's VisitingCommittee program and played a centralrole in the new Boards of Governors for theArgonne National Laboratory and theDavid and Alfred Smart Gallery. Bergmanwas awarded an honorary doctor of lawsdegree from the University on December 13.In 1983, Bergman and his wife, BettyLindenberger Bergman, AB'39, establishedthe Edwin A. and Betty L. Bergman Professorship. Earlier they had established theBergman Gallery, which was designed asboth a teaching tool for undergraduatesand as an exhibition center. The gallery alsohouses the Renaissance Society, whose special interest is in avant-garde art. In 1982,Bergman and his wife established the Bettyand Edwin Bergman Joseph Cornell Galleryat the Art Institute.FriendsAbram N. Pritzker, AB'16, businessman and philanthropist, whose $12 milliongift in 1968 led to the naming of the MedicalCenter's Pritzker School of Medicine, diedon February 8. He was ninety years old. Alifelong resident of Chicago, Pritzker andhis family gave $3 million for the construction of the new Bernard Mitchell Hospital in 1981. Pritzker also gave away millions ofdollars to various charities and causes,among them an annual stipend of $50,000 tothe grammar school he had attended. A1920 graduate of Harvard Law School, heleft his father's Chicago law firm with hisbrother Jack in 1936 to go into business. Today, the family's Marmon Group controls266 companies and subsidiaries.FacultyGeorge Bobrinskoy, considered to be afounder of three University departments,died November 17. He was eighty-four. Bobrinskoy, a faculty member for nearly fortyyears, came to the U.S. in 1923 from the Soviet Union. For many years he was chairman of the Committee on Southern AsianStudies. Under Bobrinskoy, the study ofcomparative philology evolved into the Department of Linguistics. He also is considered to have overseen the birth of two otherdepartments, South Asian Languages andCivilization and Slavic Languages and Literatures. He retired in 1967.Eric W. Cochrane, professor in the Department of History, died in Florence in November. He was fifty-seven. He was a leading scholar of the late Italian Renaissance,and was a member of the faculty for nearlythirty years, serving as chairman of the undergraduate Western Civilization course.He was a winner of the Laing Prize and theQuantrell Teaching Award. Cochrane wason leave until September, 1986. At the timeof his death, he was finishing Baroque Italy,which will be published by Longmans.Arnold M. Friedman, professor in theDepartment of Radiology and FranklinMcLean Memorial Research Institute, and asenior chemist at the Argonne NationalLaboratory, died in October. He was fifty-eight.Bernard M. Loomer, PhD'42, died inAugust at the age of seventy-three. He wasprofessor of the philosophy of religion from1940 to 1965, and he served concurrently asdean of the Divinity School and dean of theFederated Theological Faculty from 1945 to1954. As dean, he oversaw the continuationof the experimental Federated TheologicalFaculty as well as the establishment of theDivinity School as a prominent theologicalcenter. As a professor, he played an integralrole in the development of process philosophy, and was best known for his insistenceon the study of primary sources, criticalscrutiny of assumptions, and personal involvement with subject matter.Charner Perry, PhD'26, professor emeritus in philosophy and former chairman ofthe Department of Philosophy, died in September, at age eighty-three. He had recently completed a book, A Primer of Democracy,a history of the problems of sharing powerwithin democratic institutions. Richard M. Rothberg, MD'58, an expert on lung disease in children, died inNovember at age fifty-two. He was chiefof pediatric allergy/immunology andpulmonology and director of the Cystic Fibrosis Center at Wyler Children's Hospital,University of Chicago Medical Center.Gertrude Gilman Smith, PhB'25,AM'27, chairman of the Department ofGreek at the University from 1936-53 and ofthe Department of Classics from 1953-1961,died in May. She was ninety. Smith was a renowned Greek scholar and a world recognized authority in the field of Greek law,and had a great interest in Greek archeology. She also taught at Loyola University,University of Illinois, and VanderbiltUniversity.The Classes1900-1909Rose Geissmann Kraus, PhB'05.Alice Johnson Bostick, PhB'09.1910-1919Etta Shoupe Packer, PhB'10, August.Irene L. Pitt Mark, PhB'15, AM'16, April1985.Robert R. Humphrey, X'17, July.Grace Hammill Olson, PhB'18, January 1985.Henry N. Tihen, MD'18.Maurine K. Tschirgi, PhB'18, November.Julius G. Levy, SB'19, MD'21, October.Joseph C. Shortall, PhB'19, AM'34.Edith Doan Willett, PhB'19, October.1920-1929Frieda L. Krauss Allenberg, PhB'20,October.Edward J. Falkenstein, X'20, July.Doris Graves Shattuck, PhB'21, June.Anna L. Unzicker, PhB'21, April 1985.Faye Millard MacFarland, PhB'22, October.Hamilton B. Maher, X'22, August.JohnE. Pavlik, PhB'22, LLB'24,September.Eugene T. Halaas, MBA'24, PhD'33, July.Lulu E. McWilliams, PhB'24.Freda Douthit Stone, PhB'25,-April 1985.Sister Mary Laurita Slattery, SM'25,September.Richard A. Harewood, JD'26, November.Mabel Williams Garrison, PhB'26.Joyce E. Snepp King, PhB'26, November.Kathryn Crane Cox Spielmann,X'26, July.Lucile Prier Wetzell, PhB'26, October.Ivan "Ike" Booker, MAT'27, PhD'34,November.Alfred Ingle, SM'27, September.lone Mack Mendenhall, AM'27, February.Margaret Bay Shuman, PhB'27, November.Adrian Van Kampen, PhB'27, October.Anna Larson West, AM'27, October.Dorothy French Ford, PhB'28, September.Theodore S. Komar, MBA'28, August.49E. Sylvester Sites, AM'28, October.Mary-Blanche Morre Crofts, PhB'29,AM'34, November.1930-1939Thomas R. Davis, AM'30, August.Alice de Mauriac Hammond, PhB'30,SM'32, November.Marie J. Johnson, PhB'30, October.Hilda Joseph Maizel, PhB'30, AM'49,October.Leslie G. Morey, PhB'30, April 1985.Robert L. Nicholson, AB'30, AM'31,PhD'38, October.Sarah Viola Harper Smedley, MAT'30,October.Norman H. Arons, PhB'31, JD'33,November.Esther Fenenga Biggs, AM'31, August.Wilton S. Clements, PhB'31, AM'36,November.Norman B. Johnson, PhD'31, November.Stanley W. Johnson, LLB'31, January 1985.Hyrum D. Lowry, LLB'31, May 1985.Milton McLean, AM'31, November.Charles A. Overmeyer, PhB'31, AM'37,July.Charles S. Bilderback, MAT'32, October.Marion C. Smith Hughes, PhB'32, October.Ralph Hull, PhD '32, November.Philip O. C. Johnson, MD'33,November 1984.Beverly Paulman Stirling, X'33,February 1985.Bernard Blum, MD'34.Alice C. Franklin Browning, PhB'34,October. Edith Swingle Carson, PhD'34, February1985.Ralph Dorfman, PhD'34, November.Elda R Draheim, SB'34, November.Richard Baugh, MD'35, October.VelmaM. Fields, PhB'36.C. Taylor Whittier, AB'36, AM'38, PhD'48,November.Elaine Hassels Emery, AB'37, JD'37,April 1985.Evelyn Harris Shropshear, PhB'37,October.Astrid Breasted Hormann, AB'38, August.Walter W. Sackett, Jr., MD'38, October.Sister Mary Maurice (Rita) Beyer, AM'39,October.George R. Bolduan, AM'39, August.Hubert J. Dyer, SB'39, SM'40, PhD'46, July.Maxine Biesenthal Inlander, SB'39,November.Peter F. Mancina, MBA'39, November.1940-1949William O. Coleman, X'40, November.Walter E. Swarthout, AM'40, September.Alfred Wardley, AM'40, January 1985.Mary M. Hammel Davis, AB'41, March1985.Henry P Miller, PhD'42, November.Roderick Stebbins, AM'43.JohnTurean, X'43, November.Edward H. Senz, SB'44, MD'46, October.Frederick DeGraw, PhB'45, MBA'48,April 1985.Lydia Gihring, SB'46, AM'56, May.Reason A. Goodwin, AM'46, PhD'51,June. William J. Rowe, PhB'46, AM'48, October.Beverly Hale, AB'47.Monroe Mendelsohn, MBA'48, November.Bruce R. Badenoch, AB'49, October.George W. Schmidt, SB'49, PhD'52,August.1950-1959Donald Calcaterra, MBA'50, November.Charles J. Lavery, PhD'50, December.Marilyn Jones Lyde, AM'51, PhD'56,October.Carolyn Gavon Marquis, X'51, November.Franklin S. Stiring, MBA'51, October.Leonard D. Borman, AM'52, PhD'65,October.Heinz A. Bunze, MBA'52.Shirley Y Gasner, AB'52.David Kagiwada, DB'54, July.Chester Mech, MBA'54, September.F. Furber Simons, AB'55, November.Robert N. Colvin, MBA'58, October.JohnT. McEnery, MD'58, October.Glenn R. Browne, Jr., MBA'59, March 1985.Gerald E. Kandler, MCL'59, October.1960-1969Sister M. Constance Melvin, PhD'62,October.Leonard K. Johnson, AB'63, August.William A. Evalenko, MBA' 64, January1985.Chester G. A. Fuller, MBA'64, August.William F Dean, MBA'65, June 1985.Sally Geisel Monk, AB'66, November.Phillip Lasecki, MBA'69, September.BooksRobert S. Shane, SB'30, PhD'33, andJames F. Young, editors, Materials and Processes, Third Edition (Marcel Dekker, Inc.).This greatly expanded third edition incorporates the most up-to-date developmentsin materials engineering. Shane is a consultant specializing as a technology transferagent.Marie Halun Bloch, PhB'35, Footprintsin the Swamp (Atheneum). A narrative foryoung readers about an early mammal living in the age of dinosaurs.Robert A. Hall, Jr., AM'35, Papers onWodehouse (Linguistica). A collection of essays on humorist P G. Wodehouse, creatorof Jeeves.Cecil H. Patterson, AB'38, The Therapeutic Relationship: Foundations for an Eclectic Psychotherapy (Brooks/Cole), and Theories ofCounseling and Psychotherapy, Fourth Edition (Harper and Row). Patterson is adjunct distinguished professor at the University ofNorth Carolina at Greensboro. He was visiting professor at the Chinese University ofHong Kong last summer.Alfred de Grazia, AB'39, PhD'48, A CloudOver Bhopal (Popular Prakishan). An accountof the world's worst industrial disaster.Joseph Hamburger, AB'42, PhD'56,and Lotte Hamburger, Troubled Lives: Johnand Sarah Austin (University of TorontoPress). Sarah Austin was the distinguishedtranslator of Goethe and Ranke, and JohnAustin was the founder of the analyticalschool of jurisprudence. This book is a biography of an unusual Victorian marriage.Jessie C. Obert, SM'43, Community Nutrition, Second Edition (John Wiley andSons). This text, designed for an undergraduate course, describes the body of knowledge which comes from nutrition science, biological and physical sciences, foodscience, behavioral sciences, social sciences, and managerial science. It organizesthis knowledge into a system for use in thepractice of community nutrition. Obert is aretired community nutritionist, and is anauthor and consultant in the field.Walter Watson, PhB'43, PhD'58, The Architectonics of Meaning: Foundations of the NewPluralism (State University of New YorkPress). Building on the work of RichardMcKeon, Watson analyzes the presence andimportance of "archie elements" (whichcorrespond to what we think of as differences of conceptual framework) in texts ofphilosophy, science, literature, and politics. As a result, new patterns of relationships emerge within and among variousphilosophic traditions of the world, and between philosophy and the special arts and50 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986sciences. Watson is associate professor ofphilosophy at the State University of NewYork at Stony Brook.M. Carroll Atwater Bishop, PhB'45, TheDevil's Diamond (Temenos Productions). AJungian Christmas tale for all ages.Dona Zweigoron Meilach, PhB'46, Dynamics of Presentation Graphics (Dow Jones-Irwin). Meilach gives specific guidelines onhow to design thematic business graphics using a computer.Barbara Gross Mertz, PhB'47, AM'50,PhD'52, Be Buried in the Rain (Atheneum). Inthis novel, written under the pseudonymBarbara Michaels, Mertz combines mystery,suspense, and romance in a gothic-like setting in Virginia. Mertz, an Egyptologist, isthe author of numerous books, both fictional and scholarly.Mary Coleman, AB'49, and ChristopherGillberg, The Biology of the Autistic Syndromes(Praeger Publishers). This comprehensivesurvey of medical literature on autism focuses on the theory that autism stems frommultiple etiologies and is basically an organic rather than a psychogenetic problem.Coleman is a pediatric neurologist at Georgetown University School of Medicine andMedical Director of the Children's Brain Research, Georgetown, Washington, DC.Bernard F. Engel, AM'49, A New Voice fora New People (University Press of America).An anthology of Midwestern poetry from1800 to 1910. Engel is professor of Americanthought and language at Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing.Donald L. Berry, DB'50, Mutuality: TheVision of Martin Buber (State University ofNew York Press).Felicia Antonelli Holton, AB'50, andStuart Struever, PhD'68, KOSTER: Americans in Search of Their Prehistoric Past. (SeeStruever, PhD'68.)Donald N. Levine, AB'50, AM'54,PhD'57, The Flight From Ambiguity: Essays inSocial and Cultural Theory (University of Chicago Press). These essays turn about a single theme, the loss of a capacity to deal constructively with ambiguity in the modernera. In our high-tech culture, the demandfor precision and univocal language hascreated, in humanist and scientist alike, apassion for bytes rather than nuances, definitions rather than discourse. Levine offersa head-on critique of this modern compulsion to flee ambiguity. He centers his analysis on the question of what responses socialscientists should adopt to the fact of the inexorably ambiguous character of all naturallanguages. Levine is dean of the Collegeand professor of sociology at the Universityof Chicago.Marvin M. Schuster, SB'50, SB'54,MD'55, and William E. Whitehead, Gastrointestinal Disorders: Behavioral and Physiological Basis for Treatment (Academic Press, Inc.). This book describes the physiologicaland pathophysiological features of gastrointestinal disorders, presenting a behavioral analysis of these disorders and utilizing both these features as a rational basis fortreatment. Schuster is professor of medicine and psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore.Donald E. Stewart, AB'50, editor, TheALA World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services (The American LibraryAssociation).John J. Klein, AM'52, PhD'55, Money andthe Economy, Sixth Edition (Harcourt BraceJovanovich). Klein explores the relationshipof money to aggregate economic activity. Hediscusses the significance of bank deregulation, asset and liability management, inflationary expectations, and the federal deficit.Klein is professor of economics at GeorgiaState University, Atlanta.Ronald G. Harve, SM'56, PhD'60, editor, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Carcinogenesis(American Chemical Society). This book focuses on the mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) carcinogenesisfrom a chemical-molecular viewpoint, asopposed to the more common biologicallyoriented viewpoint.Darrel E. Christensen, AM'59, TheSearch for Concreteness: Reflections on Hegel andWhitehead (Susquehanna University Press).Christensen renders Hegel more accessibleto the English reader by setting his methodfor first philosophy in relief, by contrastingit with that of Whitehead.Melvyn D. Faber, AB'59, Objectivity andHuman Perception: Revisions and Crossroads inPsychoanalysis and Philosophy (University ofAlberta Press). Faber forges a synthesis between aspects of psychoanalytic theory andtrends in philosophy associated with Descartes, Hume, Kant, and Husserl. He examines the problem of objectivity, and includes a critique of technological cultureand its scientific assumptions. Faber is professor of English at the University of Victoria, British Columbia.Roy Huss, PhD'59, The Mindscapes ofArt: Dimensions of the Psyche in Fiction, Drama,and Film (Associated University Presses).This is a posthumous book; the author diedin 1983. The author shows how some of theless orthodox psychological theories of thepast, as well as recent progress in developmental psychology, provide opportunitiesto study and understand works of fiction,drama, and film in a new light. Huss wasprofessor of English and film studies atQueens College, City University of NewYork, and a psychoanalyst at the TheodorReik Consultation Center.Robert E. Morrell, AM'59, with EarlMiner and Hiroko Odagiri, The PrincetonCompanion to Classical Japanese Literature(Princeton University Press). For both specialists and beginners, the Companion con tains general and specific information necessary to an understanding of Japaneseliterature from its beginnings to 1868. Starting with a literary history, the book coversmany aspects of the literature of Japan, andincludes catalogs, maps, and an extensiveindex. Morrell is associate professor of Japanese language and literature at Washington University, St. Louis.Bruce Vermazen, AB'61, AM'62, andMerrill B. Hintikka, editors, Essays on Davidson: Actions and Events (Oxford UniversityPress). A book of essays about the work ofDonald Davidson, formerly a professor atthe University of Chicago. Vermazen is professor of philosophy at the University ofCalifornia-BerkeleyLaila Abou-Saif, AM'63, A BridgeThrough Time (Summit Books). The memoirs of Laila Said (the pen name of Abou-Saif), a woman who broke from the constraints of traditional Egyptian society tobecome the first and foremost woman stagedirector in Egypt.Meryl S. Dann, AB'63, AM'65, andElizabeth Gilman McNulty, The Dilemma ofCaring (Charles C. Thomas, Publisher). Thisbook relates stories of people involved incaring for debilitated older relatives andfriends as encouragement for others facingsimilar situations. The authors include suggestions for methods of coping and lists ofagencies that can help.Kenneth T. Jackson, AM'63, PhD'66,Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of America (Oxford University Press). The authortraces the growth of suburbs in America fromtheir origins in the 1820s until the present.Combining social history with economic andarchitectural history, the book discusses suburban communities in every section of thecountry and compares the them with those inEurope and Japan. Jackson is director of graduate studies in history and professor of history and of urban planning at Columbia University, New York.Ronaele Rudnick Whittington, AM'65,Competent Helping With Examples From theMaster (General Conference of Seventh-dayAdventists Community Services). Thisbook, as a guide for Christian social workers, integrates principles of interventionwith Christ's example. Whittington is amember of the faculty of the School of Social Work, University of Hawaii and of WallaWalla College, Washington.Robert Cantwell, AM'67, Bluegrass Breakdown: The Making of the Old Southern Sound(University of Illinois Press). This book wonthe ASCAP-Deems Taylor award for 1985.Cantwell is writing a book on the postwar folkrevival for the Office of Folklife Programs atthe Smithsonian Institution.William A. Cohen, MBA'67, Winning onthe Marketing Front (John Wiley and Sons).This book describes strategy's importanceto business, demonstrating step-by-step51how to develop and implement a businessstrategy. Building a Mail Order Business, Second Edition (John Wiley and Sons). A guideto starting a successful mail order businessfrom the ground up. How to Make It Big as aConsultant (AMACOM). This book showsbeginning and practicing consultants howto develop and operate a consultant practice. Cohen is professor of marketing at California State University, Los Angeles.Jack V. Barbera, AB'68, AM'69,PhD'76, and William McBrien, Stevie: A Biography of Stevie Smith (William HeinemannLtd.) A biography of the English poet whodied in 1971. Barbera is associate professorof English at the University of Mississippi,University, MS.Robert Black, AB'68, Benedetto Accoltiand the Florentine Renaissance (CambridgeUniversity Press). Accolti was a majorFlorentine chancellor and one of the leadinghumanists of the fifteenth-century ItalianRenaissance. In this biography, the authoremphasizes the importance of Accolti'sterm as chancellor for Florentine administrative and political history. The author islecturer in modern history at the Universityof Leeds, England.Stuart Struever, PhD'68, and Felicia An-tonelli Holton, AB'50, co-authors, KOSTER:Americans In Search of Their Prehistoric Past,(New American Library, Mentor). Reprintedwith a new epilogue. The authors use theKoster site in Illinois, which dates back to7500B.C.,asa model to show how Americanarcheologists are attempting to bring scienceinto their methodology. Analysis of the findings from Koster revealed that Amerindianswere living in settled communities much earlier than had been assumed. In 1979 LibraryJournal voted KOSTER "one of the 100 best sci/tech books of the year. ' ' Struever is professorof anthropology at Northwestern University,Evanston, IL; Holton is editor of the Universityof Chicago Magazine.Diana Tietjens Meyers, AB'69, Inalienable Rights: A Defense (Columbia UniversityPress). This book analyzes the concept of aninalienable right and defends the rights tolife, personal liberty, benign treatment, andsatisfaction of basic needs. Edited with Kenneth Kipnis, Economic Justice: Private Rights andPublic Responsibilities (Rowman and Al-lanheld). This collection explores the philosophical foundations of economic justice aswell as a number of current public policy issues. Edited with Eva Kittay, Women and MoralTheory (Rowman and Allanheld). This volume examines the philosophical implicationsof Carol Gilligan's psychological research onwomen's moral development.Francis A. Boyle AB'71, World Politicsand International Law (Duke UniversityPress). The author argues that twentieth-century American support of internationallaw has been crucial in protecting nationalinterests and that international law and or ganization are vital elements in the consideration of international political crises. Inplace of what he sees as a sole reliance onpower politics in current American foreignpolicy, Boyle suggests alternative ways tohandle conflicts between states based in therule of law. Boyle is professor of law at theUniversity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.W. Boyd Barrick, AM'73, PhD'77, andJohn R. Spencer, AM'73, PhD'80, editors, Inthe Shelter of Elyon: Essays on Ancient PalestinianLife and Literature in Honor of G. W. Ahlstrom(Journal for the Study of the Old TestamentPress). This collection of essays, contributed by twenty international scholars, setsAhlstrom's work against the background ofthe "Uppsala School" of Old Testamentstudy. Barrick is associate academic dean atCastleton State College, Castleton, VT, andSpencer is associate professor of religion atJohn Carroll University, Cleveland.Richard K. Scotch, AB'73, From GoodWill to Civil Rights: Transforming Federal Disability Policy (Temple University Press).Scotch is assistant professor of sociologyand political economy at the University ofTexas at Dallas, Richardson.Brantly Womack, AM'73, PhD'77, andJames Townsend, Politics in China, ThirdEdition, (Little, Brown and Co., Inc.).Mary Jo Deegan, PhD'75, and NancyBrooks, editors, Women and Disability (Transaction Press). It is estimated that over eighteen million women are physically disabled.This collection of theoretical essays and empirical studies documents the range of psychological, sociological, and economic barriers disabled women encounter andsuggests ways to alleviate the multitude ofproblems facing these women and thosewho care for them. Deegan is associate professor in the Department of Sociology at theUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln.Nachman Ben-Yehuda, AM'76,PhD'77, Deviance and Moral Boundaries:Witchcraft, the Occult, Science Fiction, DeviantSciences and Scientists (University of ChicagoPress). The author examines rarely studiedkinds of deviance, details the natural histories of the growth, survival, and decline ofseveral kinds of deviance and develops anew interpretation of the phenomenon.Among the topics he explores are the reasons for the extensive burning of "witches"in Europe between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries.Jennifer S. Harcourt Brown, PhD'76,and Jacqueline Peterson, editors, The NewPeoples: Beingand Becoming Metis in North America (University of Manitoba Press) . This collection of essays by twelve leading Canadianand American scholars explores the dimension and meaning of the process fundamental to the European invasion and colonizationof the Western Hemisphere: the intermingling of European and native American peoples. Brown is associate professor of history at the University of Winnipeg.James Whitlark, PhD'76, IlluminatedFantasy: From Blake's Visions to Recent GraphicFiction (Fairleigh-Dickenson UniversityPress). Whitlark is associate professor atTexas Tech University, Lubbock.Jeffrey K. Smith, PhD'77, and RonaldCoely, Applied Statistics and the SAS Programming Language (Elsevier Science Publishing). Smith is associate professor in theGraduate School of Education at RutgersUniversity, New Brunswick, NJ.Daniel A. Sumner, AM'77, PhD'78,with Robert Clark, George Maddox, andRonald Schrimper, Inflation and the EconomicWell-being of the Elderly (Johns Hopkins University Press).Eleanor M. Miller, AM'79, PhD'84,Street Woman (Temple University Press).This book examines the hustling activitiesof underclass women in Milwaukee as astrategy for economic survival.Marshall M. Bouton, PhD'80, AgrarianRadicalism in South India (Princeton University Press). Much recent literature locates thecause of third-world peasant rebellion inthe impact of capitalism and imperialism ontraditional agrarian society. Bouton, in contrast, argues for the primacy of internalsources of agrarian radicalism and for theimportance of the variable local conditions.Gabrielle Brochstein Brenner, PhD'81,Reuven Brenner, Betting on Ideas: of Wars, Inflations, Inventions (University of ChicagoPress). Gabrielle Brenner wrote a chapteron inheritance laws and co-authored a second on gambling, crime, and creativity. Shealso co-authored parts of Brenner's previous book, History— the Human Gamble(University of Chicago Press) .Avner Cohen, PhD'81, Nuclear Weaponsand the Future of Humanity: the FundamentalQuestions (Rowman & Allanheld). Cohen,assistant professor of philosophy at TelAviv University, co-edited (with StevenLee) a collection of twenty-five original essays, written by an interdisciplinary groupof scholars and scientists, that examineswhat they consider outmoded assumptionsimplicit in thinking about nuclear weapons.Seth Lerer, PhD'81, Boethius and Dialogue: Literary Method in "The Consolation ofPhilosophy" (Princeton University Press).This full-length study of Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy applies modern techniquesof criticism to his writings and demonstrates the methodological and thematic coherence of the work. Lerer seeks to groundBoethius' literary career in the traditions ofLatin dialogue literature and explores waysin which Boethius manipulates the readerin his text, confronts problems of literaryauthority, and makes methods of interpretation themes for dialogue. Lerer is assistant professor of English at Princeton University, NJ.52 UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE/SPRING 1986LettersContinued from covernous, oppressive sense of living in a policestate. Of all the places in Africa where I hadlived and traveled over several years, SouthAfrica was the most beautiful, the most distressing, the place I was most glad to leave.I could leave, but most of the 16 millionblack South Africans, or 2.6 million coloredSouth Africans, or .7 million Asian SouthAfricans could not leave, whatever Dr.Crounse might think. A few dissentersamong the 4.5 million white South Africanshave left over the years.I think the fact that "my" Universityhas students who come from the influenceof people like Dr. Crounse offers the greatest kind of challenge any university canhave: to enlarge the vision and understanding of people whose range of empathy is toolimited for the world we now and in the future must live in.Elizabeth Nelson Munger, AB'68Galena, ILEditor:I have to agree with Michael Crounse'sletter claiming that the Magazine exhibits avery strong and uncompensated slant tothe left. In the Winter 1986 edition we findJohn Mearsheimer calling Strategic Defensea "really stupid idea," its feasibility "muchado about nothing. ' ' The Magazine also runsa news article on opposition among somescientists at the University to Strategic Defense, which reads almost like an advocacyof their views. This is capped off by JohnSimpson's opinion that the East-West adverse relationship is merely "official, ' ' onlya matter of "political differences. "In another "news item, " Jennifer Davisadvocates divestment from South Africa.She used phrases such as "there aren't twoways to the same end," "South African liberation," "survival of a state," and "...no time left for things like the Sullivan principles . . . sharp, short action," all ofwhich suggests that she comes from a farmore radical political tradition than evenmost American liberals.Conservative students and facultyaren't always extremely vocal, but they exist in great numbers at the University ofChicago. Let's start hearing about thosemen and women who have made this a truly great university.Jeffrey Benner, AM'84Chicago, ILEditor:At first I thought Michael Crounse's letter was a put-on. In light of government-sanctioned murders and imprisonment, it'shard to imagine how he can call South Afri can apartheid a "minor civil rights violation." His attack on the award to my congressman Sidney Yates left me equallybewildered.If Crounse really relishes a freeAmerica— unlike the blatantly undemocratic South Africa whose policies he attemptsto trivialize or the Communist nationswhose policies he rightly dislikes— he hadbetter hope that the University and othercolleges provide the sort of "liberal" education that teaches students to really think, tolook for the catch, to cut through the rhetoric of the far right and far left.Daniel Lauber, AB'70Evanston, ILEditor:My most general reaction to Dr.Crounse's statements is that they all seemto be expressive of emotional rather thanthought-out opinions.I happen to agree with his evaluation ofJesse Jackson. I disagree with all other major opinions expressed.I disagree with Dr. Crounse's opposition to federal funding of poor women'sright to abortion. Although abortion is personally repugnant to me, I cannot sit in theplace of God and say that this option maynot be right for other consciences, whoselife experiences and moral values are far different from my own.It is difficult to evaluate what is slaveryused the way Dr. Crounse uses the word. Ifeel that many people in America are slaves(wage-slaves) by his probable standards,locked into jobs they do not like and find nopersonal fulfillment in, in order to make aliving.As a former student I can tell Dr.Crounse that the University does not teachwhat most students freely choose to thinkand believe about current issues. The students shape their own opinions and arethemselves responsible for them.William Murphy, AB'50, AB'62Chicago, ILEditor:As an alumnus of the U. of C, I wouldlike to suggest to Michael Crounse what theUniversity will provide the student hesupports— unless his obvious political biases cause him to remove the student from theCollege.The U.of C provides all its students, atminimum, the opportunity to learn to readcarefully, to analyze material with anawareness of world history, and to arrive atindependent conclusions after exposure tocontesting ideas. Some of the superior pro fessors at the University, throughout its history, have also demonstrated by the examples of their lives that it is possible to havecourage and conviction.The doctor's letter demonstrates he didnot obtain this minimal education in liberalarts from the college he attended.Myron H.Davis, AB'79Chicago, ILEditor:In your Winter 1986 issue, please be advised that TANSTAAFL (the acronym forThere Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch) was first used in 1965, "invented" ifyou please, by Robert A. Heinlein in a well-known book of his: a classic in its time thatoriginated a trendy usage of the initial abbreviation. With due respect to MiltonFriedman, credit to him is incorrect.My compliments to you, Mr. Editor, inthe publication of the letter written byMichael Crounse, despite his not being analumnus. It is refreshing to read realism in aletter, particularly when addressed to manyof those still uneducated in the real facts oflife. Fortunately, some of these uneducated(and I'm not speaking of a university degree here) eventually realize just what isbest for free men.Robert L. Hyman, MBA'62Rep. 3rd District, HillsboroughWeare, NHEditor's note: Comments on Dr. Crounse's letter were also received from Misty Bush Bastian,AB'83, AM'85.Solzhenitsyn on PatriotismEditor:"The Good Citizen— A Threatened Species?" by Morris Janowitz (Summer 1985) isan amplification of remarks made byAleksandr Solzhenitsyn, who gave somerare insights on patriotism after he arrivedhere. In 1975, asked about the coming Bicentennial, he said, "The 199th year is assignificant as the 200th, if not more so." In1979 he said "There should be less emphasis on civil rights, and more emphasis oncivil obligation."Kenneth J. Epstein, SM'52Chicago, ILa s-Return to the Quads This Summer %June 23— August 30Education doesn't have to end with a diploma. Thissummer, round out and enrich your academic studies byreturning to the University of Chicago for SummerQuarter 1986.Choose from a wide range of courses: Anthropology,Computer Science, Economics, French, German, History,Political Science, Russian, and more. You can broadenyour expertise in your own field or explore a new one;learn the language or culture of other nations; or prepare for career changes. For more detailed information and registration marials, please call the Summer Quarter Office(312/962-6033).Tell your friends and familySummer Quarter, like thehigh school students or thementary and secondary schtors. The Returning Scholaryou know about additionalfor people who are at least 31been away from a degree p about the unique features ofmeric Greek program forecial tuition rates for ele-il teachers and administra-ffice (312/962-1727) can letbefits from summer studyyears of age and who haveram for ten years. Please send me the 1986 Summer Quarter BuL.tin. I am particularly interested in Name-Address-City-State - Zip_SUMMER QUARTER OFFICEThe University of Chicago1116 East 59th Street Chicago, IL 60637THJ7UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOSummer Quarter Office 1986