VOLLttspriîTHE UNIVERSITYOF CHICAGOMAGAZINEVolume LXIX, Number 3Spring 1977Alumni Association5733 South University AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637(312) 753-2175Président: Charles W. Boand (LLB'33,MBA'57)Acting Director: Ruth HalloranProgram Director: Gwen WitsamanRégional Offices1888 Century Park East, Suite 222Los Angeles, California 90067(213) 277-7727825 Third Avenue, Suite 1030New York, New York 10022(212) 935-19771000 Chestnut Street, Apt. 7DSan Francisco, California 94109(415) 928-0337735 Fairfax StreetAlexandria, Virginia 22314(709) 549-3800Second-class postage paid at Chicago, Illinois, and at additional mailing offices.Copyright 1977 by the University ofChicago. Published quarterly Spring, Summer,Fall, and Winter by the Vice-Présidentfor Public Affairs. CONTENTSOn the Midway 2Henry Ives Cobb: The GrandDesign 6Julius LewisSpring and Summer at theSmart Gallery 16Getting Through 18Treasures of Tutankhamun 20Nostalgia 30Postcard from Olympus 32Alumni News 35Class Notes 38For the Record 44Letters to the Editor 46Picture Crédits 47Cover Note 49Editor: Iris M. PoliskiAssistant to the Editor: Bill MurphyDesigner and Staff: Paula S. AusickON THE MIDWAY .- ••^"Vr« "^C/S"^i^^^^^q^^m!To The Alumni of the University of Chicago:At the meeting of the Trustées last week I appointed a committee of Trustées torecommend to the Board a nominee to be elected Président of the University nextyear. The Council of the University Senate has been asked to elect a Faculty committee to advise, and I hâve asked the students of the University for individual letters ofrecommendation.When John Wilson agreed, in November of 1975, to accept élection as Président,he requested in writing that he be asked to serve no longer than June of 1978. TheCommittee tried to persuade him to change his mind — and we had asked him, beforehe was elected, to postpone his retirement as Président at least until 1980. TheTrustées acknowledge a great debt to him for having taken on work he did not seekand for having done it magnificently. Now the time has corne for us to do the mostimportant work the Trustées hâve: to elect a new Président.The alumni of the University hâve a spécial opportunity and obligation at this time.This is the occasion when we give tangible expression to the pride we hâve in thisplace and the concern we share for it.Maybe there was never an easy time for a school with such standards and suchachievements, but it seems to me that things are a little tougher now than ever before.We hâve appealed to you before, and we will again, for funds and for help in recruit-ing students. But the matter before us is more important in the long run. We alumniknow from our own expérience that this University is uniquely free, powerful in itsPersonal independence and the respect for privacy; and we know that those veryvalues make the choice of a Président a délicate judgment. The energy that is neededin such a person, the subtlety of mind, the habit of restraint, the combined force ofunderstanding and précise conviction, the humaneness — thèse are qualifies so rarethat only the good history of this University could make us confident of finding themail in one person.We want, and we need, advice from the alumni. You hâve a différent and valuableunderstanding of the University, from your membership in it and from your expérience of the world outside it.Will you write me with your suggestions about who might be the best Président ofthe University now? I will bring every suggestion to the attention of the Trustéecommittee. We need your help. Please send your letter to me at Room 503, 5801South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637.Thank you for your concern and assistance.Robert W. Reneker, PhB'34Chairman of the Board of TrustéesFebruary 14, 1977 Our SeventiethIn March 1907, the first issue of theChicago Alumni Magazine appeared.Subscriptions cost $2 a year (foreignpostage fifty cents additional), and themagazine was published monthly, ex-cept July and September.The Chicago Alumni Magazines firsteditorial dealt with "the defeats sus-tained by Chicago in the récent debateswith Northwestern and Michigan."Diagnosing the problem, the editorialpointed out that "there is, in the firstplace, a very apparent lack of interest onthe part of the entire student body. It isnot to be expected that the under-graduates will display the same zeal in anintellectual pursuit that they display soreadily in athletics, but in view of thegreat usefulness of the training affordedby the debate it might reasonably be expected that one student in fifty would beattracted to it. The fact is that not onestudent in a hundred is trying for thedebating teams and the greater part ofthose who do try corne from a singledepartment of the University — the LawSchool."Seventy years hâve, at least, solvedthat problem — just ask Oxford.The Chicago Alumni Magazinecontinued to appear until the issue ofMay-June 1908. Then, worseningfinancial conditions brought about achange. The University Record, whichhad been published regularly, first as aweekly — "every Friday afternoon at 3P. M." — then as a monthly, and theChicago Alumni Magazine were combined to make the University of ChicagoMagazine, which appeared for the firsttime in October 1908. But, more aboutthat in the autumn of next year.Six Houses Named in Shoreland HôtelThe University has named six "Residen-tial Houses" in the Shoreland Hôtelafter persons long associated with theUniversity. The hôtel was acquired in1974 and parts of it are used for studenthousing. The new Houses are:The Anna and Morris FishbeinHouse, named after long-time résidentsof the Shoreland who hâve been gener-ous benefactors of the University. Dr.Fishbein helped establish the MorrisFishbein Center for the Study of theHistory of Science and Medicine andmade significant contributions to theRegenstein collection of rare boôks onthe history of science and medicine. Dr.Fishbein died in September 1976.The William C. Bradbury House,named after an associate professor in social sciences and the Collège who died in1968. He was author of the BradburyReport (1951) which called for the création of a residential System as an important part of the educational effort of theCollège.The Gertrude A. Dudley House,named after the first chairman of theWomen's Division of the Department ofPhysical Education (1898-1935). MissDudley also served on the advisorycouncil which directed the opération ofIda Noyés Hall.The Lloyd A. Fallers House, namedafter the Albert Michelson Disting-uished Service Professor in anthropol-ogy and sociology and chairman of theCommittee for the Comparative Studiesof New Nations. Mr. Fallers, PhB '46,AM '49, PhD '53, served on the facultyfrom i960 until his death in 1974.The Emery T. Filbey House, namedafter a faculty member and adminis-trator who gave nearly 60 years of service to the University. Mr. Filbey, PhB'16, AM '20, LLD '55, was Vice-Président and Dean of Faculties underPrésident Hutchins.The Ethel Vine Bishop House, namedafter an alumna, PhB '18, who workedin the University Treasurer's Officeuntil her retirement in 1961. MissBishop, still an active member of theAlumni Association, résides in theShoreland, in the House named for her.Sailing ClubMark Herskovitz, press officer of thenew Sailing Club, writes:"It is perhaps only at the U of C thatAmerica's coldest winter in a centurywould give birth to a club whose sport isusually associated with warm days, thesound of surf and cries of 'Come About!'A Sailing Club has been formed and its50 members hâve been spending muchof their time this past winter planning,organizing, raising funds, and, mostly,dreaming about the arrivai of spring andthe start of the sailing season."The infant club is already a memberof the Midwest Collegiate Sailing Association (MCSA), which promises a fullseason of compétitive racing in MCSA-sponsored regattas at schools through-out the Midwest. But planning and train-ing for thèse races is not the only activityoccupying club members during thelong winter months."A surprisingly successful 'Learn-to- The Shoreland HôtelSail' program is conducted weekly for20 student novices. Few, if any, of thèselandlubbers hâve ever been on a smallsailboat on the water. Come spring quar-ter, student members, who pay $25 eachfor the intensive four-week on-the-watersession, will be joined by interestedalumni, faculty and staff whose $40 féeswill help bolster the Clubs fundraisingefforts for the acquisition of somemuch-needed boats."The University has guaranteed theclub $1800 in seed money which will beused for one new, or rwo used, FlyingJunior-type sailboats needed for MCSAregattas and for the instructional program. Money for the additional boatsneeded by a club our size is being gener-ated through T-shirt sales and othercampus activities and through thegenerous support of many alumni."The Sailing Club's address is c/oRockefeller Chapel, and interested per-sons may write there for further information.Harris Prizes AwardedThe Collège awarded Abram L. HarrisAchievement Prizes to fifty-six of itsstudents on January 10. The Prize, inau-gurated this year, honors students foracadémie achievement and for contributions to the quality of life in the Collège.As many as sixty prizes of $500 will beawarded each year, independent offinancial need, to students in the Col lège. Usually, fifteen prizes will beawarded in each class, with five of thefifteen going to minority students.The prizes hâve been named for thelate Abram L. Harris, a distinguishedmember of the Collège faculty from1947 until his death in 1963. Mr. Harris, who had come to Chicago fromHoward University where he had beenchairman of the department oféconomies, won a Quantrell Prize forExcellence in Collège Teaching duringhis time on the Collège faculty.Student Awarded Grantin Women's StudiesValérie Wayne Callies, a doctoral candidate in English literature, has received aDoctoral Dissertation Research Grant inWomen's Studies from the WoodrowWilson National Fellowship Foundation. The subject of her dissertation is"The Compilant Shrew: A ComicCharacter and the Antifeminist Tradition in the Sixteenth Century." The Wilson Foundation has awarded 18 dissertation research grants in order to stimulatestudy of women's rôles in society. Thegrants hâve been funded by the HelenaRubinstein Foundation and the LeverBrothers Company. Ms. Callies holds anAB from De Pauw University and anAM, with departmental honors, fromthe University; she was an instructor atChicago State University in the fall of1974.Streeter on "Wasps"Robert E. Streeter spoke on "Wasps andOther Endangered Species" for the1977 Ryerson Lecture in March. Thelecture is sponsored by the Center forPolicy Study, and nominations for it aresubmitted by the entire faculty eachwinter.Streeter is the fourth lecturer in theannual séries, which was established bythe Trustées in 1973. He is the EdwardL. Ryerson Distinguished Service Professor in English and the Collège, an au-thority on rhetorical theory and prac-tice, and a scholar of American culturaland literary history. He is a co-editor ofthe journal, Critical Inquiry.New Assignments in theDevelopment OfficeChauncy D. Harris, Vice-Président forAcadémie Resources, has been assignedoverall responsibilities for Developmentfunctions within the University. Herbert E. Newman has become Spécial Assistant to the Vice-Président forAcadémie Resources, and Clyde P.Watkins has succeeded him as Directorof Development. Former Vice-Président for Development Eugène F.Gerwe became Vice-Président for Development at Santa Clara UniversityApnl 1.The Language Conférence"Language Variety and Its implicationsfor American Cultural Pluralism" wasthe title, but the gathenng in April wasgenerally known as "the Language Conférence." Some 30 historians, linguists,the psychologists met to compare ideasand concern about the words we use.Director of the proceedings wasRaven McDavid, professor in the Department of English and editor of theLinguistic Atlas of the United States andCanada. In his letter to conférence participants, McDavid suggested that ". . .there are . . . extrême points of view . . .over the use of language in Americatoday. One, that the language itself hasdegenerated (probably more accuratelystated: that the use of language is not aswell taught as it might be), and the otherextrême, that any standard language isbut the répressive instrument of a cor-rupt society. The Conférence hopes toget the discussion to a more rationallevel. . . ."Conférence papers were submitted amonth in advance so that they could bedistributed to conférence participants"to keep," as McDavid explained, "thisfrom being just another conférence where the active invited participants tryto impress each other and merely enter-tain the audience."Major subjects included the origins ofstandard languages, the development ofStandard English (in Britain and in theU.S.), the varieties of Standard American English and their relationship tonon-standard varieties, and problems ofmulti-lingual societies.Listeners pondered such subjects as"Phonological Features in Negro andWhite Speech in Two South CarolinaCommunities," " 'Franglais' Revisited,""New Thèmes on Old Structures in Ap-palachian Speech," — "CB Speech: TheLanguage in the Common Man's Ratio,"and 30 others.So that the conférence, sponsored bythe Center for Policy Study, can be usedas a base for future discussion of language and language policy, the Conférence papers and proceedings will bepublished. Entitled Language Variety inAmerica and Its Implications for CulturalPluralism, the book is planned as a gênerai, readable work on the subject oflanguage variety.Exhibit on Russian StudiesRegenstein Library's Department ofSpécial Collections has prepared a spécial three-part exhibit on Russian studiesat the University.It begins with the papers of SamuelN. Harper, who lectured in Russian language and literature 1905-09 (when thecourse was dropped for lack of studentinterest) and then joined the facultypermanently in 1914 when interest re-vived because of the War. Between1904 and his death in 1943, Harpermade eighteen trips to Russia. Hisfirsthand knowledge of conditions therewas very valuable: he not only taught thecourses at the University in Russian language, literature and politics, but he alsoadvised government agencies and theirreprésentatives about their dealings withRussia.The second part of the exhibit concentrâtes on the activities of theUniversity's scholars since Harper's day.The fields covered include Russian andSoviet literature, linguistics, history,économies, geography, political scienceand éducation. The third part of the exhibit illustrâtes the scope of the re-sources which the Library possesses inRussian and Slavic studies.The exhibit, which includesphotographs — some made by Harper atthe beginning of this century — and reproductions of Russian art, will continuethrough the summer. ScoreboardBasketball (F) (13-9)Chicago 36 Illinois (Chicago) 53Chicago State 55Illinois (Champaign) 70Mundelein 27North Park 43Illinois State 39Brown University Tournamentlst of 5 teamsChicago 68 Wheaton 25Northwestern 86Trinity 49Concordia (111.) 47Valparaiso 50George Williams 59Knox 38Lake Forest 26Quincy 65111. Assn. for Intercollegiate Athletics forWomen (IAIAW) State Tourney2 of 12 teamsChicago 40Chicago 37Chicago 66Chicago 48Chicago 66Chicago 50Chicago 59Chicago 45Chicago 70Chicago 48Chicago 70Chicago 64Chicago 54Basketball (M) (11-9)Chicago 76 Trinity Christian 60Chicago 84 Niles 52Chicago 76 Northwestern Collège 51Chicago 66 Puget Sound 74Chicago 58 Seattle Pacific 67Chicago 49 St. Martin's 68Chicago 56 Beloit 82Chicago 81 Roosevelt 77Chicago 57 Lake Forest 58Chicago 58 Ripon 52Chicago 84 Lawrence Univ. 73Chicago 51 Beloit 55Chicago 58 Lake Forest 53Chicago 66 HT 60Chicago 76 Niles 44Chicago 80 Lawrence Univ. 65Chicago 70 Roosevelt 69Chicago 68 Ripon 69Chicago 91 Coe 83Chicago 69 Grinnell 80Wrestling (M), 1-6, .143,9 of 9 in Midwest CollegiateAthletic Conf. (MCAC)Fencing (M), 5-12, .294Gymnastics (M), 0-16, .000Indoor Track (M), 12-5, .7063 of 8 in MCACSwimming (M), 1-9, .1007 of 11 in MCACSwimming (F), 2-14, .12513 of20 in IAIAWLaura Silvieus, AB'77, Coach Patricia Kirby, and Vadis Cot-hran, AB'77. The team won the Brown Invitational. First Prize in the Annual Soap Carving Contest. PamelaBarrie, a graduate student in English, carved the unicorn.Performance Art:Music of the TreesOur campus reporter, somewhat dazedby a concentration of contemporary culture at Midway Studio's PerformanceArt show, répons the following:"The press release said that the artistmight find the only interesting thingabout his activity is the process of doingit. But the activity itself might be of interest to others. That didn't tell me whatto expect."I picked an evening called 'ImportedSources.' The artist was Leif Brush and itcould hâve been anything."Tree stumps. Midway Studios wasfull of tree stumps. One looked like partof a Bell téléphone pôle, which it was;the others were ordinary stumps withwires, mirrors, and strange-looking diseson them. It was to be a forest-landsymphony — music from trees and theirenvironment."Leif Brush and his artist-wife Gloria bent over stumps, pulling wires, tappingbark. We were not to hear the actualsounds from thèse stumps. The stumpswere symbols of a Minnesota forestfrom which we were to hear a pre-recorded symphony."The lights went out. In the dark, ared laser beam flashed to a tree, hit amirror, and bounced to another andanother until ail the trees flashed red.Then, the music. I closed my eyes. Itwas a little like heavy-footed elves. Itwas exhilarating."Leif Brush does sound sculptures.He is interested in the rhythms of theland, and places spot-sensing transduc-ers on various parts of a tree, a root, alimb, or on the soil. By windfluctuations, the trees resonate to produce sounds. Différent trees producedifférent sounds. Weather conditions af-fect the sound. Our performance was'birch signatures aurally meshed withthe imported sounds derived from spot sensors imbedded in the Meany IceShelf on Lake Superior's northwesternshore.'"Brush asked if there were any questions. He didn't know what Universityof Chicago students were like. Therewere dozens of questions. What was thetechnical setup of the sensors and laser;what was the theory behind it? Were theBrushes artists or scientists in disguise?" 'I just do it,' said Brush. 'I know howit works.' Not good enough. How doesit work? Brush became a human laserbeam, bounding from tree symbol totree symbol, trying to discover the process. Tve got it!' he shouted, and exp-lained the technical détails of his art.Then, enthused, he described hisdream — dividing Minnesota into sections, wiring the trees in each, and fromhills and valleys and river sides, trans-muting the tree sounds into a statewideforest symphony. An exciting moment!A real performance."Henry Ives CobbTheGrand DesignJULIUS LEWISBefore the twentieth century, American collège andUniversity campuses were rarely planned in any formaiorder. The early 19th century précédents of the University of Virginia and Union Collège at Schenectady, NewYork, were almost universally ignored. It was only during the first years of this century that many schoolsbegan to erect new buildings in accordance with elabo-rate development plans. Until then, many collèges builtnew structures almost at random. Some, such as YaleUniversity, simply responded to the order imposed bythe streets and squares of the town. Few educationalinstitutions during the 19th century put up groups ofbuildings at once. As donations were received, and inanswer to spécifie needs, buildings arose one by one.With previously unheard of philanthropies of themen of great wealth in the last twenty years of the century came entire new universities, conceived to com-pete in both size and quality with any of the older institutions. The first of thèse was the Leland Stanford,Junior, University at Palo Alto, California. This seemsto hâve been the first gênerai campus plan made in thiscountry since Union Collège at Schenectady in 1820.The Stanford plan was extremely ambitious, coveringan area équivalent to twenty or more city blocks. Itconsisted ot Romanesque structures planned aroundquadrangles. The smaller quadrangles were groupedabout large central quadrangles. This plan was not com-pletely followed, subséquent architects making variouschanges. The Romanesque style appears to hâve beenquite adaptable to the California climate, providing op-portunities for cloisters and multiple wall openings. Thechoice of Romanesque was unusual because any styleother than "Collegiate Gothic" was rare at this period.Mémorial Hall at Harvard and the Yale buildings of thistime are only a few examples of the overwhelming prépondérance of Gothic référence in late 19th centuryscholastk architecture. (The Gothic revival apparentlydid not end; it simply went to collège.)No record of the discussions by the trustées of the then new University of Chicago gives évidence of thereasons for the décision to use Gothic architecture. Nomention exists of the Gothic style as a stipulation to thefirms asked to submit plans, so it is impossible to détermine whether the décision about the style of the University buildings was Henry Ives Cobb's or that of thetrustées. It is likely that it was the décision of both.Henry Ives Cobb was one of the most successful architects in Chicago during the 80's and 90's. His commissions were numerous in nearly every category ofbuilding. While he worked in the midst of what criticsthink of as an architectural révolution and while he him-self contributed to the development of new methodsand new expressions, he remained a dealer in styles. Hedid not ignore the structural discoveries of that révolution, yet he never sought consciously to break with thegrammar of historical référence.His work was typical of its time. If one were to examine ail the other work of the period between 1880and 1905 and were then confronted with Cobb's works,it would not be difficult to place them in the quartercentury in which they were done. Little of his workwould hâve seemed especially unusual to the critics ofthe day. Yet Cobb was at times very original, even in anera where originality was to be found on every side.He was one of the leading architects at the time of theChicago School, a group of midwestern architects whomade great developments in structure and design.Of his early life, only a bare outline is known. Cobbwas born in Massachusetts in 1859. In 1880 he finishedan architecture course at the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, being one of the earliest to take advantageof the first formai course in architecture offered by anAmerican school. After his graduation he made the tripto Europe then thought so necessary to the completionof an architect's éducation. Thus Cobb was one of thefew formally trained architects in the United States atthe rime. Louis Sullivan, a man of about the same âge,was only the third American to hâve studied at the Ecole^*fî '¦ fri yMgK^******— i™-Sri». li- 1 H]jr" ~~~J ^lllé*^*!»»des Beaux Arts; in 1880 there were probably no morethan 20 or 30 graduâtes of architecture schools, foreignor American, in the country. (Sullivan left MIT for Parissaying, "This school was but a pale reflection of the Ecoledes Beaux Arts.")Upon his return to the U.S. Cobb worked briefly forthe Boston firm of Peabody and Stearns. Since the greatfire of 1871 Chicago had been building more rapidlythan any other city and, in the décade after the fire,dozens of architects were attracted hère by the boom.Cobb came to Chicago in 1881; shortly after his arrivaihe formed a partnership with Charles Sumner Frostwhich lasted until 1888. Cobb did ail the design for theworks of the firm, Frost being in charge of construction.The minutes of the Building Committee of the Boardof Trustées of The University of Chicago contain thefollowing entry dated June 9, 1891:That they hâve conferred with Mr. Cobb and thathe will accept such an appointment with compensation to be fixed at five per cent of the cost of erect-ing such buildings, such compensation to cover alsohis services in preparing a plat showing the locationof said buildings . . .It is likely that Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge's plan forStanford influenced the plan for Chicago. It was one ofthe most important architectural firms in the countryand most other practicing architects would hâve beenaware of any of the Boston firm's major commissions.The University of Chicago was, like Stanford, an en-tirely new university. The only limit imposed on thePreceding page: Cobb Hall prior to 1900 plan was the site. This was not large, but the décision toAboie: Cobb's proposed plan of the University use it to the maximum and to shut it off from the adja-Left: Portrait of Henry 1res Cobb cent streets is unusual for the time. The anticipation ofurban surroundings (for the neighborhood was nothighly developed in 1891), and the famous English précédents may ail hâve contributed to the choice of aquadrangle plan.The University archives contain a reproduction ofCobb's drawing for the quadrangles dated 1893, bywhich time a number of buildings had been built orwere under construction. Although certain changeswere made subséquent to this drawing in the exécutionof certain buildings, it appears to hâve been the essen-tially final version of the plan; his later déviations areonly in détails.The most immediately obvious feature in Cobb'ssketch is the intention to build as compactly as possible,to provide ail the necessary facilities for a large university on four city blocks. This is not a scale drawing, andit appears that this intention carried the designer to certain impossibilities. For example, three buildings are in-cluded in the space now occupied by one — Haskel Hall.The number of bays of each of thèse buildings make itclear that there would hâve been insufficient space forail three. The designers eye seems to hâve been moreaccurate elsewhere, however.The plan provides for perfectly symmetrical streetfronts on 59th and 57th Streets and on Ellis Avenue.The University Avenue street front used balanced masses but, due to the spécial nature of the buildings on thisside (a gymnasium and a large muséum), rigid symmetryof élévation is not planned. The buildings for each ofthe four corners were planned to be identical. Only oneof thèse, Foster Hall, was erected. The rather atypicalasymmetry of the 59th Street élévation of this buildingis best understood as one extremity of a symmetricalcomposition. It seems likely that the plan was first con-ceived in terms of the street fronts and the structuresinside this great square were then fitted in.If this is the case, then one remarkable feature of theplan is more easily explained. This is the lack of axialorganization in the individual quadrangles, especiallybecause the quadrangle façades of the individual buildings are composed symmetrically. The façade of CobbHall, for example, is a part of two quadrangles ratherthan one. It is placed axially on neither. This almostcasual organization is to be observed in nearly everyquadrangle. The concern for symmetry in individual buildings and even in groups of buildings makesthis quadrangle organization most surprising. The ar-chitect planned from the street in, apparently. When theoutside élévations had been developed, the quadrangleswere put together as best they could be with no attemptat complète formality.The curious mixture of formai and informai organization epitomizes, in one sensé, a great deal of Cobb'swork. The désire to monumentalize seems to be inconflict with a response to practical needs. Workingwith the picturesque versions of Gothic and Romanesque which permited or encouraged liberty with symmetry and axiality, Cobb frequently succeeded in resol-ving the conflict or at least rendering it less obvious.The plan for the University of Chicago was com- pleted at about the same time as the plan for the Col-umbian Exposition; a project in which Cobb had a sub-stantial rôle. The plan for the University was, of course,a response to a very différent problem. Nonetheless,there is sufficient similarity between the two projects toprovide material for comparison. Both were attempts toorganize large groups of buildings in a cohérent way;both strove for monumentahty, sometimes at the ex-pense of fonction. And, for the year of the ColumbianExposition (1893), they were neighbors. GeorgeWashington Gale Ferris's gigantic wheel was visible formines, rising above the new walls of Cobb Hall. ThePlaisance between 60th and 59th Streets has ever sincebeen referred to as "the Midway," after its fonction atthe Exposition.The responsibility of the Exposition for the subséquent use of the classic style for any monument is immense. The Exposition did not, however (as one can seefrom the Stanford and University of Chicago plans),introduce the notion of a uniform style for large building groups into late 19th century architecture. The con-trast is not between formality and informality as such. Itis, rather, between the sort of rigidity that characterizedthe Columbian Exposition and the willingness to takeliberties with formality which the University of Chicagocampus exhibits. The University plan can, however, becharged with inexpérience or clumsiness. This chargecan best be supported by an examination of Cobb'sdrawing of the central quadrangle. The principal entr-ance to the campus was intended to be at UniversityAvenue and 58th Street, where a large ornamental gâtewas to give the visitor his first impression of the campus.The effect of the Columbian Exposition, if nothing else,would hâve created the expectation of a vista as impres-sive as the gâte. Once past the gâte, however, the visitorwould hâve seen nothing more than the apse of thechapel, and that at very close quarters. It would hâvebeen necessary to move from the back to the front ofthe chapel to get any feeling of space at ail. This is themost exaggerated example of a feature to be foundthroughout the plan: no long views are provided for.While the quadrangle plan necessarily limits such vistas,its regularity gives certain opportunities for them.Cobb was not impressed, evidently, with the exampleof the long sight lines in the adjacent Exposition; eachquadrangle is visually isolated from the next. This isstriking for the reason mentioned previously: that thefaçades of buildings are often shared by two quadranglesthus leading one to expect some sort of planned séquence from quadrangle to quadrangle. Moreover, someof the major buildings in the plan were placed in such away that it would hâve been impossible to find a vantagepoint from which to see them clearly.In a plan in which the designer was concerned withcomplète symmetry in élévations two blocks long, it issurprising to find the organization of the quadrangles soinformai. This cannot be ascribed to a conception inwhich the quadrangle sides of the buildings are less important than the street sides; generally they are morerichly ornamented and the principal entrances are al-ways from the quadrangles.In Chicago architecture of the times, a mixed solutionwas quite possible. Putting an eclectic version of acathedral in a space where it could not be seen to itsgreatest advantage would startle no one. A chapel wasnecessary, space was limited; the solution, therefore,was to go ahead and build an adéquate and handsomechapel. After the example of the Exposition, Cobbmight hâve attempted to display each monumentalstructure folly. Working in the place and at the time hedid, it was possible to be satisfied with the picturesqueprofusion of the plan: a plan formai where easily possible but a plan responding to needs other than formaiones.Once building began, the urgency for which Président Harper is famous produced results. By the end of1892 the first four buildings were ready for use. Therewere Cobb Hall (named for donor Silas B., no relationto Henry Ives), Graduate Hall (now Blake Hall), andMiddle and South Divinity Halls (now Gates andGoodspeed, respectively). Thèse buildings were de-signed to fit into the gênerai plan as were ail later structures done by Cobb.Cobb Hall was the first University building, occupiedbefore it was quite finished. It served for a while asclassroom, library, and administration building. Hastewas necessary; therefore little effort at ornament wasmade. The interior has been remodeled twice, but theexterior of the building has been preserved.The side of the building facing the street is dividedinto three pavilions, each with regular groups of rectan-gular Windows which hâve transoms provided by horizontal stone mullions about one third of the way fromthe top. The end pavilions hâve at their outer edge pro-jecting bays topped with gabled dormer Windows. Thequadrangle front, which contains the entranceway, ismeant to be the principal façade. It is divided just as thestreet front except that the entranceway is substitutedfor the central pavilion. This is flanked by great cappedpiers. Over the doorway is a two-story pointed window.The unadorned state of this building is, at least partially,a resuit of the need for quick exécution.The pattern set by Cobb Hall was not significantlychanged in the nine years during which Cobb workedfor the University. Most of the buildings were con-ceived as simple rectangles which could readily be divided into classrooms, offices, and the like. The style islargely consistent throughout the work Cobb did hère.The material used is always blue-gray Bedford eutstone. The référence of the ornament is generally to theearly French Renaissance, even where specihcallyGothic plans were used. Occasionally, as in the plan forthe chapel, there were références to other periods. Thewhole question of ornament is secondary; thèse weresimple masonry structures to which ornament was ap-plied only superhcially. The fact that dormer Windowsand a pitched roof were cheaper than complète topstones is the likeliest reason for the most distinctivestylistic élément of ail the buildings.While Cobb's interest in ornament in thèse buildings was secondary, he was much too fond of ornament tohâve paid it no attention. The décorative détail of thework at the University displays Cobb's enjoyment ofdrawing itself. The ornament of entrances is an exampleof this enjoyment. While the spandrel work of the baysabove the entrances serves only the purpose of disting-uishing thèse bays from their otherwise identical neigh-bors, in itself the design is characteristic: the stone cut-ting is bold; quite linear, it nicely anticipâtes the play oflight and shadow. The same linear quality is seen inwindow tracery. Especially on a bright day, the patternof this tracery provides considérable interest in otherwise unornamented walls. The excellent relationship inthe scale of this flat ornament to the buildings where it isfound is also characteristic of the ornament of the gables. Thèse finals and crockets emphasize the staccatorhythm of the roof silhouettes. The spare outlines arewell related to the bodies of the buildings and mostenjoyable in their picturesque variety. The work ofwhich this is least true is the most hastily designed,Cobb Hall, where the outline of the gables is ratherconfusing.Perhaps the most striking élément of Cobb's buildings at the University is their scale. The proportions ofthe buildings (especially the high ceilings and enormouscorridors) seem to hâve been developed without anyconsidération of human proportions. This stems partially from the désire to build impressive, monumentalstructures. Its resuit is a scale that is curiously harsh.The lack of a plastic conception of which drawingsshould only be an externalization rather than a déterminant is also responsible for this flaw of scale. Theproportion may hâve seemed well developed on paper,but the différence between the integrity of a drawingand of a building becomes apparent in the designer'sfailure to concern himself with human scale or with thestructural forms as they would look when erected. Theplainness of the buildings and the visual relationships ofthe large but simple forms involved create a light andshadow pattern so unrelated to a human scale that theeffect is almost grotesque. The ornament, especially thefinials for the Anatomy Building, makes it seem likelythat the élévations of thèse buildings were simply ex-panded proportionally in construction. Rather thanbeing imagined as executed, they were designed interms of drawing. The great buttresses of Haskell Hallor the Ryerson Laboratory or the expanse of glass andmétal work atop the Botany Building (removed in1964), are striking partly because they hâve the fantasyquality of drawing, unexpected in permanent buildings.Similarly, it is difficult to feel comfortable inside thebuildings. The interiors are not only plain but seem toolarge, yet they by no means create any feeling of awe.Rather, they are awkward in their oversized starkness.At the same time, one is impressed with the vigor ofthe campus buildings. The formai and spatial qualities ofthèse buildings are often startling as in the exterior ofHaskell or the interior of Kent Lecture Hall. Because ofthis quality of surprise and the boldness of the scale,because even of its harshness, the effect is often more11Above: Glass and métal work on top of Bot anyBelow: Cobb Lecture Hall roof12interesting than the calculated refinements of suchbuildings as the Mitchell Tower Group by Shepley,Rutan and Coolidge, where the carefolly planned effectborders on insipidity. Part of the effect of Cobb's buildings may be fortuitous, but it impresses nonetheless.The spiny ornament of the stair tower of the WalkerMuséum may owe part of its quality to having beeninflated from drawing board size, but the liveliness ofthe forms is a tribute to Cobb's draughtsmanship. Theform of Kent Lecture Hall inspires more interest thanthe suave, planar ornament of the successor firm's SwiftHall. Cobb's willingness to play with form and line atthe drawing board may be said to hâve been effectivemore often than not. And while this fondness for ab-stract organization for its own sake has unpleasant conséquences in scale, its imaginative liveliness is also apparent.The first group of buildings built after Cobb Hall— Blake, Gates, and Goodspeed — illustrâtes most of thedevices used in the other works. Thèse three buildingsare treated, in élévation, as one. The central building isfive stories high, the flanking buildings, four stories.Blake and Goodspeed are mirror images of each other.The entranceways provide the chief opportunity for ornament. It is applied with moldings around the Win dows, flat ornament on the spandrels, etc. Projectingthe bay above the entrance for emphasis is done in thecentral building, Gates, as it is in Green Hall. The stonewindow mullions are similar to those of Cobb Hall.The group consisting of Kelly, Green, and BeecherHalls exhibits most of the same features as the earliergroup. The principle of organization is the same: alarger central building flanked by identical smaller ones.The ornament hère is somewhat more refined; the bayWindows of the first floors of Kelly and Beecher Hallsare very handsome. The relation of Foster Hall, thecorner building, to this group is confusing. Foster adjoins the group, but is unrelated in composition. This isbecause Foster was conceived as an élément of the 59thStreet élévation with little or no regard to its characterwithin the quadrangle.The Walker Muséum, Haskell Hall, which was alsooriginally a muséum, and Snell Hall are simple buildingsdesigned to form parts of a larger composition. The firsttwo of thèse hâve few interior partitions, the intentionhaving been to use the space for exhibition halls. SnellHall was designed as a dormitory: if the partitions wereremoved, the plan would not differ sharply from thoseof the other two buildings. The octagonal tower set intothe rear wall of the Walker Muséum is an example ofone of the best features in the campus design. The useof other than rectangular forms to dénote spécial fonctions (hère the stairwell) provides a relief to its gênerairectangularity.A similar tower is used in Kent Hall which also con-tains another example of a happy use of the octagon.This is the auditorium which is joined to Kent at therear. Its octagonal shape is appropriate to a large halland it makes the différent levels of the Windows into aneffective composition. This variation of window levelwas necessary, for the interior floor forms an extrêmeslope. Great wooden arches springing from the eightcorners intersect at their points to form the frameworkof the ceiling.Kent and Ryerson laboratories are the two most dis-tinctive buildings actually erected from Cobb's designs.This is because they are not on the street and wereconceived as free standing structures. The front stairtower of Kent and the entrance to Ryerson each breakthe symmetry of the façades. This fact alone serves todifferentiate them from the other buildings. In thèsetwo there is a reliance on décorative means other thanflat surface ornament. Ryerson's plastic ornament is notvery successfol, but the richly decorated doors to Kentare excellent both in détail and in scale.The four buildings surrounding Hull Court wereerected differently from the way in which they weredrawn in the 1893 plan. The huge octagonal lecture hallin the center of the group was never erected; this wasplanned as a structure similar to Kent Lecture Hall butwas joined to four buildings instead of one. As thebuildings were actually erected, none of them has anentrance directly from Hull Court. They are connectedby loggias whose pointed Windows are filled with leadedglass. The buildings differ in détail, but they are verysimilar in style and size. Since the élévations of the twoof thèse buildings which face the street (Anatomy andZoology) are not identical, it may be assumed that by1897 Cobb had decided against absolute symmetry forthe 57th Street élévation. Thèse two buildings are con-nected by a loggia leading to the stone gateway which isthe principal entrance to the court. This, called CobbGâte, was the architect's gift to the University. Thegrotesques which decorate this gateway are an indication of the increasingly rich ornament in the years since1893. The horizontal stone mullions found in the Windows of ail the other buildings are absent hère. Thestories are slightly lower and, possibly for this reason,the scale is superior to that of the earlier works. Theentrances to the two buildings (Culver Hall and ErmanBiology, formerly the Botany Building), face otherquadrangles and are decorated with the same sort of flatornament which is to be found in most of the earlierwork.While thèse four buildings and two ornamental gâtesform a quadrangle, the buildings do not open on thequadrangle nor do their principle façades face it. TheAnatomy and Zoology buildings and the stone gatewayare intended chiefly as part of the street élévation.Culver Hall and the Erman Biology Building are en-tered from the quadrangles to the east and west of HullCourt. Hull Gâte, an elegantly wrought métal structure,forms the south boundary to this quadrangle. In thisgroup one can see évidence that the buildings were conceived as part of the entire plan rather than as parts ofquadrangles.With the style he used at the University, Cobb wasable to develop his plan very freely. The concessionmade to monumentality in the street façades did nothamper the freedom of the quadrangle organization.Symmetry of élévation and regularity of plan could beignored in buildings entirely away from the street suchas Kent and Ryerson Laboratories. Utility could be thedetermining factor. In his intégration of the many pur-poses for which Kent was planned, Cobb designed ausefol and handsome building. Although there are certain flaws of wasted space and forced symmetry, Cobbwas generally able to provide the maximum amount ofspace and light for strictly limited amounts of money.The works of successor architects on the campus provide interesting comparisons to Cobb's work. The éducation quadrangle designed by James Gamble Rogers in1894-1900 is a resuit of the same need for maximumspace and light within a limited budget. Like Cobb'swork, it is rather stark and even less ornamented. Withone exception other than Rogers, buildings erected during the next fifteen years were designed by the firm ofShepley, Rutan and Coolidge and its successor firmCoolidge and Hodgson. By this time more money wasavailable for ornament and the need for buildings wassomewhat less pressing, so that thèse works are moreelaborate than the earlier ones. The passion for histori-cal accuracy which had captured so many American architects in the nineties was, doubtless, responsible forthe exact copies of English university buildings with which thèse firms covered the campus.The one exception to this historicism was HitchcockHall, a men's dormitory designed by Dwight Perkins in1900. Perkins was one of the young architects who hadworked in Louis Sullivan's Chicago office and whoformed the group, led by Frank Lloyd Wright, whichfollowed and improved upon the traditions of theChicago School in the first years of this century. While itwas necessary to match his building with the gêneraicharacter of the earlier ones, the amount of money a-vailable allowed the designer freedom for a more elaborate building than any of those done by Cobb. His useof brick for interior color and texture is much likeCobb's use of brick, but the exterior départs from eventhe superficial ornament of his predecessor. Where ornament was necessary, Perkins used motifs derivedfrom midwestern plants much as Cobb used aquaticmotifs in the Fisheries Building he designed for theColumbian Exposition. Perkins's willingness to subordi-nate "Gothic" to his primary purposes achieved the de-sired picturesque expression.Monumentality, as such, is not paid much service inHitchcock Hall. The ceilings are relatively low; therooms are grouped around numerous entries in order toobtain a more intimate effect. This is really the next stepfrom Cobb's structures: a design developed in responseto spécifie needs. Although the building intégrâtes ornament with use better than any of Cobb's work, it iscloser to his austerity than to the elaborate historicismof Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge.The Panic of 1893 severely decreased the number ofcommissions received by ail Chicago architects. Cobbmust hâve thought himself more fortunate than most forthe work at the University: during the lean years until1898, he did a large number of buildings for the University. One of his best works was the Yerkes Obser-vatory at Williams Bay, Wisconsin, which his contem-poraries would not hâve hesitated to characterize as inthe Romanesque style. Hère was a problem for whichno historical solution existed. A great dôme was necessary for the 40-inch télescope and two smaller dômesfor the smaller télescopes. Numerous rooms for offices,classrooms, and research areas had also to be a part ofthe building. Ail of thèse had to be combined into astructure whose nature as an enduring branch of a greatuniversity made monumentality désirable. The asymmetrical solution to this problem seems nothing short ofbrilliant. The great dôme which houses the télescope,the building's chief reason for being, is, appropriately,the dominant élément in the composition. The smallerdômes at the other end balance this great mass veryhandsomely. The Windows of the part of the structurewhich houses the offices and connects the dômes areorganized into arcades which serve the double purposeof continuing the round motif established by the dômesand, in their subtle variation in size from the arcade ofthe dome's lantern, of achieving a consistent scale forthe structure as a whole. Cobb would hardly hâve been amore 'modem' architect had he invented his own ornamental solutions for the observatory. His free use of avocabulary which he had mastered is as skillfol an intégration of ornament with fonction as any architect of theChicago School had achieved.It is not appropriate hère to trace the exact influenceof Cobb's work in American architecture. It is true,however, that two of the firms which worked at the University in greater or less conformity to Cobb's plan be-came important forces in American collegiate design:Shelpley, Rutan and Coolidge were responsible formuch of Harvard's early twentieth century buildingprogram and James Gamble Rogers designed the Hark-ness Mémorial Quadrangle at Yale University. Undoub-tedly Cobb's early use of a cohérent campus plan madeits mark on later collegiate architecture. Unfortunately,the éléments of Cobb's work which appear to hâve beenmost influential were his attempts at formality andmonumentality. Largely ignored was his use of a picturesque style to gain freedom for useable structureswithin a cohérent flexible plan.Cobb's last work for the University was the additionto Foster Hall in 1900. By this time, however, hismonopoly had been broken, other architects alreadyhaving obtained commissions. During much of Cobb'scareer as sole University architect, Président Harperwrote frantic remonstances concerningthe lack of speedwith which the buildings were constructed. This is acomplaint often heard by architects and Cobb seems tohâve been no more remiss in his supervision of construction than other members of his profession. TheUniversity archives hold as many letters of explanationfrom Cobb to Harper as remonstrances from Harper toCobb. The reason for the termination of his commissions hère may simply hâve been his removal to theEast. Whatever the reasons were, the records of theBoard of Trustées contain only the following entries onthe subject. The first is dated May 15, 1901.It was also voted to recommend to the trustées thata final settlement be made with Henry Ives Cobband that the comptroller be authorized to arrangethe terms of settlement.On July 16, 1901, the trustées adopted the recom-mendation of the Building Committee.Cobb had moved to Washington in 1898, although heretained his Chicago office for at least two years thereaf-ter. The move was apparently for several reasons: theprospect of a very large commission at American University, his children's health, and, possibly, the lack ofwork in the years since 1893- After 1898 he designedonly two buildings of importance in Chicago. One ofthèse was the building at the southeast corner of NorthDearborn and West Kinzie Streets. It is of four storiesand an attic, ninety by forty-five feet in plan. Its originalpurpose was to be a combination warehouse and officestructure. Cobb used Dutch Renaissance ornamentwhich occasions a pleasant contrast between the redbrick of the walls and the light-colored stone usedaround the windows and on the stepped gables. The liveliness of silhouette which thèse gables provide is afurther relief from the grim simplicity of the neighbor-ing structures, and an interesting contrast to itsneighbor to the south, Marina City.A major commission obtained by Cobb in 1898 wasthe Chicago Post Office and Fédéral Building, called theold Post Office. This occupied the entire block betweenDearborn and Clark Streets and Adams and JacksonStreets, and was razed in 1965 to make way for a com-plex of Fédéral buildings.Cobb's work in Chicago was his best. In the eighteenbusy years he spent hère, he was one of the major con-tributors to the Chicago School. He was one of the firstto realize the implications of skeleton construction.Cobb's facility at ornamental drawing occasionally ledhim to excessive décoration. One of the most strikingexamples is the façade of the Chicago Athletic Association Building, although the frivolous purposes of thisbuilding to some extent excuse the elaborateness of itsfaçade. His talent at ornamental drawing exceeds that ofthe rest of his contemporaries, save Root and Sullivan,and it equals Root's.His use of the Romanesque style is very personal andoriginal. The Newberry Library façade retains a feelingof openness while in the Romanesque manner. His useof the style at the Columbian Exposition and in theYerkes Observatory was supremely créative.It was in the Romanesque idiom that Cobb did hisbest work. The Gothic, as used at the University ofChicago, was not so readily at his disposai. But evenwith this less familiar style, Cobb was able to be true tohis fondamental conception of ornament's place in architecture. In his adaptability to the new constructionand in his concern for the proper intégration of ornament with structure, Cobb deserves a place equal to thatof his colleagues. His superiority at and enjoyment ofdraughtsmanship were responsible for certain flaws inhis work, but they were at the same time a distinction.An understanding of the place of Henry Ives Cobb inthe Chicago School of Architecture leads to a betterunderstanding of that very créative period in Americanarchitecture.Cobb continued the practice of architecture in NewYork City for many years after 1902. Later in his life hedeveloped other interests in civic pursuits. He died in1931.This article is adapted from part of the Master's thesis ofJulius Lewis, AB '50, AM '54, prepared for the Departmentof Art in April, 1954. It is an examinât ion of an architectand of his work, which has surrounded générations of students and faculty in the central quadrangles of the University of Chicago. The thesis is divided into four sections:Henry Ives Cobb and the Chicago School, The University ofChicago Campus, The World' s Columbian Exposition, andEclecticism and Historicism. The section on the University isreproduced hère, with some additional information on Cobband his era. We are most grateful to Mr. Lewis for hispermission to adapt his thesis.16 Spring and Summer at the Smart GalleryA major work by Auguste Rodin and animportant collection of contemporaryJapanese prints will be displayed at theDavid and Alfred Smart Gallery begin-ning May 1 1.From May 1 1 to June 20, Rodin's"The Burghers of Calais" will be on display; from July 12 through August 28,Japanese prints from the Oliver Statlercollection will be exhibited.In lH8t, the French town of Calaisplanned to erect a monument to the sixburghers who, in 134", during the Hundred Years War, offered them-selves as hostages to King Edward III ofEngland in order to save their town fromdestruction. Auguste Rodin wasawarded the commission for this projectand his monumental group sculpture,"The Burghers of Calais," re-creâted theevent as it was related by 14th centurychroniclers.One observer wrote: "Thèse six burghers, there in the marketplace ofCalais, removed ail their garments ex-cept for their shirts and breeches, and put ropes around their necks as hadbeen ordered. They took the keys of thetown and the castle, each holding ahandful of them. When they were soprepared, Sir Jean de Vienne mounted asmall hackney, for he could hardly walk,and led the way towards the gâte."Rodin chose to represent this criticalmoment when the burghers were ledaway from their beloved Calais.Eighteen original bronze studies, nowin the Cantor, Fitzgerald Collection inBeverly Hills, California, and severalphotographie panels hâve been selectedto trace Rodin's créative process in de-signing and constructing this majorwork. Thèse will be on display alongwith the sculpture.Last year, to commemorate the twen-tieth anniversary of his significant publication documenting the history ofJapanese printmaking, thirteen Japaneseartists presented Oliver Statler, AB '36,with eighty of their graphie works.Statler's book, Modem Japanese Prints:An Art Reboni, (1956), remains an im portant introduction to the pleasure ofJapanese prints. The Smart Gallery willexhibit Statler's collection of contem-porary Japanese prints from July 13through August 28. The prints datefrom 1960 to the présent time and rep-resent the work of Okkie Hashimoto,Kiyoshi Saito, Fumio Kitaoka, andothers.The Smart Gallery is at 5550 SouthGreenwood Avenue and is open Tues-day through Saturday, from 10 a.m. to 4p. m. and on Sunday from noon to 4 p. m. Left: A study for the Burghers of Calaiswas doue in 1885-86; Above: TakumiShinagawa's print. Positive and Négative, is one of many contemporary Japaneseprints to be on display in the summer.Getting Through"I'm working my way through collège." That soundsold-fashioned, but it's not. Some work a little and in-termittently, others labor mightily and persistently.Slightly more than twenty-five percent of the studentbody is employed at the University proper; the Dean ofStudent's office estimâtes another twenty percent isemployed on the "outside."The Collège was one of the first schools in the U.S. toprovide financial aid for students, and it still does.Money is, however, delightfol, necessary, and elusivestuff, and there is never enough of it, really, so studentswork.Getting through — working and attending classes atthe same time — is variously described as challenging, asdifficult, or as downright objectionable.Many students hère hâve met this challenge by takingtraditional jobs as lifeguards, office workers, waiters andwaitresses, and janitors. A number of students hâve dis-played a great deal of ingenuity in uncovering or créât -ing unusual job opportunities to help defray school andliving expenses.Robert Kirschen, AM '75, PhD '77, took a job as anight watchman at the Field Muséum of Natural Historyfor a year. He describes some éléments of the work as"strange.""The two wierdest expériences were the mummiesand the fish. I'd reach the mummies — a whole corridorof them — at about 11:30 p. m. and in the dark. Let metell you, I stepped lively."In the basement were 75 yards of fish curled intojars of formaldehyde. The jars were stacked on top ofeach other, in long rows. Rows and rows of stacks of fishin formaldehyde. The place was lit by a 75-watt bulbwhich reflected from their eyes. There were hundredsof beady fish eyes, staring. ..."Many students hâve used brawn as a way of makingends meet. During the 1950s and 1960s, for example,a number of students put themselves through the Collège by working as hookers. By way of reassurance,"hooker," along with "cinder snapper," "hot bedoperator," "scarfer," and "screw box operator," was oneof a number of colorfully named jobs that students heldat the Republic Steel Mill in Chicago. According toBernard Delgiorno, AB '54, AB '55, MBA '55, who wasinvolved with hiring at Republic and placed a number ofChicago students including Jack Stanek, AB '64, John Culp, AB '66, MBA '68, and Jack Harris, AB '66, inmill jobs, "hooker" was the désignation for the man whohooked chains around the slabs of steel so that thepièces could be lifted to the next phase of the finishingopération. (One of the most prized titles among students was to be a "hooker on a hot bed.")Beyond the colorful job titles, a less charming aspectof steel working was the amount of clothing required.Students working anywhere near the furnaces had towear layer upon layer of clothing to insulate the skinagainst the searing heat of the blast furnaces. Even inmidsummer and in the midst of the sweltering heat ofthe mills, student steel millers began their shift by pul-ling on long johns and heavy woolen clothing.Other students marketed their brawn, but in différentways. Michael Mach, AM '73, Thomas Hunter, AB 74,and Bozidar Yovovich, AB '71, SM 74, for instance,organized themselves as the Miles Archer Movers. Theyhauled everything from sets of the EncyclopediaBritannica to upright grand pianos around Hyde Parkand environs. By the time they dissolved the Company,the three had financed their way through enoughschooling for four Master's degrees. (They had adver-tised themselves as offering the "best-educated movingservice in the world.")Some students, of course, hâve found jobs more inline with their career interests. Those interested inmedicine, journalism, and the sciences hâve foundwork on campus at Billings Hospital, as on-campus cor-respondents for newspapers and magazines, or in vari-ous laboratories.Bill Sanders, AB 79, works in the A. J. Carlton Animal Research Labs cleaning cages and feeding the animais. An anthropology major, he has a strong interest inprimates, which is handy. "The baboons are smarterthan I thought they would be." He was surprised,though, when the female baboon fell in love with him."The trouble was," he explains, "at the time the maiebaboon's cage was unlocked. He got jealous and lungedfor me and had to be forcibly restrained. It got a littleharrowing." In less dramatic moments, Sanders hasbeen bitten by a hamster and has had his glove tipsnipped by white rats.Members of the Maroon hâve traditionally signed onas "stringers" — on-campus news gatherers for local dailynewspapers, the New York Times, and for the two majornews magazines. The stringing jobs sound glamorous,but, as one disgruntled ex-reporter says, "The New YorkTimes only paid about five cents per word. And thatwasn't for words you wrote, that was for words theyused. Still, it was good expérience.''Students with more unusual occupational interestshâve also found opportunities to pursue their goals.Actor Will Geer, SB '24, for example, participated inmany campus theater groups, including Blackfriars, theTower Players, and the University Drama Association,and worked professionally in the Chicago area beforegoing on to a career in the movies, on stage, and intélévision.Jules Stein, PhB '15, MD '21, founder and chairmanof the board of Music Corporation of America (MCA),got his start during his student days at Chicago. He hada band of his own and played a number of commercialengagements. It occurred to him one day that bandsshould not play so long in one club. (Some acceptedbookings in a single spot for an entire year.) He signedagreements with ail of the night clubs in Chicago provid-ing that ail entertainment bookings would be madethrough him, and thus formed the basis for what was tobecome MCA, now the largest vocalist, actor, and orchestra booking agency in the country.Setting up and operating a business venture was acommon way of financing oneself through school.Hubert Will, AB '35, JD '37, for example, had theFlorsheim shoe concession on campus and supportedhimself by selling what became the popular moccasinshoe.Any discussion of student businessmen should in-clude Charles Percy, AB '41. Percy organized a purchas-ing agency for the campus fraternities, assumed management of the libraries in ail the men's résidence halls,and even recruited students for an association of smallcollèges: he got five cents for the name of every highschool student that he submitted and $10 for each ofthose who actually entered one of the collèges in theassociation. Before he graduated from the Collège, thebusiness was going so well that he subcontracted the jobto other University students, and, in his senior year,grossed over $150,000 from his various business ac-tivies, netting $10,000.Other entrepreneurs hâve followed Percy's example,discovering markets and then trying to serve them. Fora number of years, a group of students in the PierceTower dormitory contracted with a Hyde Park laundryto run a cleaning service, while another group of students in the Woodward Court dormitory, headed byWilliam Phillips, AB70, and Alan Bloom, AB '68,formed the Flint House Coffee and Pastry Committee(FHCPC). Originally offering fresh pastry and coffeeduring the evening to house members, the service soonexpanded to selling Coca Cola and snack foods on a24-hour-a-day basis to résidents of the entire dormitorycomplex. FHCPC was run as a Lower Flint House venture, and the profits were used to buy a pool table,several télévision sets, two stereo Systems, and to sub-sidize for numerous house parties and activities. Mem bers of Lower Flint House believed that thèse additionalfacilities were among the reasons that more than half theincoming maie students requested housing in LowerFlint. Skeptics pointed out that its position as the onlymen's house among five houses of women in WoodwardCourt did not hurt matters.Individual entrepreneurship has also flourished in récent years, though its form has changed with the rimes.Realizing that student interest in laundry and food wasnot what it used to be, Gage Andrews, AB 76, andSteven Friedman, AB 76, adjusted to new needs andtastes on the campus, with Andrews selling an extensivearray of stereo equipment from his apartment base, andFriedman offering pocket calculators and digital watchesfrom his.Michael Shields, AB 77, fiinanced some of his collège éducation with his photography. "I've taken pic-tures for money since 1972," he says. Since then, hisfreelance photo assignments hâve ranged from a chessand backgammon catalogue to portraiture to coverageof a witch's sabbath."I suppose my broken eardrum is the only thing thatkept me from underwater photography," he says. Headmits, though, to unexpected successes. "I've had twophotos in Time, one in Newsweek. And Life' s Book of theYear took a shot of Saul Bellow."There is one source of income on the campus thatmany students dream about. In fact, that is preciselywhat the job involves — dreaming. Since 1953, studentshâve been working as subjects in experiments on thephysiology and psychology of sleep and dreaming.Though it seems the ultimate sinécure, the money (usually $10 per night), is definitely earned. The studentsmust come to the lab and hâve électrodes attached tothem. For many of the experiments, they are awakenedseveral times during the night.The number of students who can be used in thèseexperiments and the number of nights they can serve assubjects is definitely limited, but their participation hasenabled University researchers to make a number ofimportant discoveries about sleep and dreaming.Lorna P. Straus, SM '60, PhD '62, Dean of Students inthe Collège, sees several advantages to part-time work."In addition to the monetary gain — which for some students is absolutely essential — work helps them organizetheir time. Working up to two or three hours a day alsogives the student a sensé of accomplishment and a senséof compétence. Collège advisers note that the studentwho works on campus has an opportunity to see how asmall section of the University works, and he meetspeople who are either doing research or are helping theUniversity and the Hospitals fonction, while the studentwho is employed off campus often deals with peoplewith varying backgrounds and interests. This opportunity to meet and deal with a variety of situations can onlyenhance a student's educational expérience."Much of the original research for this article was done byB. G. Yovovich, AB 11, SM 14, a Chicago-based freelance writer.Treasures ofTutankhamunp«WMT^~r ^sj^-y --¦• *«- "~*~»%ww -*-~<ssœ*-"~ ^w» -sis» """'",22The "Treasures of Tutankhamun" exhibit, touring theUnited States as a Bicentennial tribute from the Egyp-tian people, opened in Chicago on April 15. It includesfifty-five of the most beautifol and best preserved treasures found in the King's tomb when it was discovered in1922. The Oriental Institute of The University ofChicago is co-sponsoring the exhibit in Chicago with theField Muséum, where the exhibit is located.Tutankhamun (1343-1325 B.C.) was a son ofAkhenaton (reigned 1379-1325 B.C.), who had over-thrown Egypt's traditional polytheism and instituted theworship of the sun god Aton. Tutankhamun succeededAkhenaton in 1334 B.C., when Tutankhamun was stillonly a boy; and he was forced to undo many of hisunpopular father's revolutionary changes. UnderTutankhamun the capital was returned to Thebes fromAton's capital city at Tell el Amarna, and the traditionalEgyptian panthéon was reinstated. When the youngKing died, probably in his nineteenth year, he wasburied in the Valley of the Kings' Tombs with his ances-tors, but in a small, out-of-the-way tomb which hadprobably been prepared for his relative, the Vizier.It is the very fact of Tutankhamun's relatively obscureburial which has led to his importance for us. Since histomb was not located in a likely place, it excaped thenotice of ail but contemporary tomb-robbers; eventu-ally it was buried under mud and rock slides — and, stilllater, under the débris from the construction of adescendants tomb in the cliff face above — and re- mained hidden until discovered fifty-five years ago.Tutankhamun's is the only royal tomb in Egypt to bediscovered with the greater part of its mortuary furni-ture intact.The tomb was discovered in November, 1922, byHoward Carter, a British archaeologist whose work wassupported by the fifth Earl of Carnarvon. After eightyears of digging in the Valley of the King's Tombs,Carter's party came upon the entrance toTutankhamun's tomb. They quickly notified ProfessorJames H. Breasted, first Director of the Oriental Institute, who was at work in Egypt at the time. Hère isBreasted's account of the events that followed.Lord Carnarvon' s letter reached Breasted at Luxor on De-cember 7, 1922, informing him that the tomb had beendiscovered and inviting him to inspect it.In order to mislead the prying and the curious, andespecially to avoid being followed by gentlemen ofthe press, we unconcernedly crossed the river inour felucca and ostentatiously engaged our donk-eys to take us only to the foot of the western cliffsand not around through the entrance to the Valleyof the Kings' Tombs, where Carter had his house.Having crossed the broad Theban plain, a ride ofthree quarters of an hour, we left our donkeys, and,climbing the steep cliffs in the blazing Egyptiansunshine, dropped down into the royal cemeteryvalley on the other side without having been fol-Left: Visitors at the site of the tomb ofTutankhamun. The upper tomb site isthe entrance to the tomb of Ramses VI.Tutankhamun's burial chambers arejust below the tomb of Ramses VI. FarLeft: Howard Carter, an Egyptianofficiai, Evelyn Herbert, LordCarnarvon' s daughter, and Lord Carnarvon. Precedingpage: The Slaughterof the Nubians — a panel from a deco-rated chest.lowed by anyone. As we came down we could seejust above the tomb of Ramses VI the huts of thegovernment watchmen who guard the place at theprésent day. Immediately below this tomb Carter'sclearance had exposed a flight of steps hewn intothe limestone of the mountain. This had led to thediscovery of the new tomb.At the foot of thèse steps we saw a stout woodengrating fastened by many padlocks, which Carter'speople at once began unlocking. When this wasremoved, it revealed a spacious gallery sometwenty-five feet long, likewise hewn in limestone,descending at a sharp incline and terminating belowin Carter's heavy iron door. Thèse two doors, thefirst of wood, the second of iron, replaced two an-cient closures of masonry which Carter had foundfilling the two doorways. The plastered face of theclosing masonry, when found by Carter, still boremany royal seal impressions which he broke awayin forcing an opening. As we descended the gallerywe found the iron door covered with a white sheetto moderate the drafts. Suddenly electric bulbs ofthree thousand candie power hanging behind thesheet were turned on, and there was a blaze of lightseen through the white fabric. The door was aheavy open grill; and as Carter pulled down thesheet, I saw through the open-work of the door asight I had never dreamed of seeing. Under thisblaze of light I behold the antechamber of a pharaoh's tomb still filled with the magnificentequipment which only the wealth and splendor ofthe Impérial Age in Egypt in the fourteenth century before Christ could hâve wrought or conceived; and, as it at first seemed, with everythingstill standing as it was placed there when the tombwas closed three thousand two hundred and fiftyyears ago. The gorgeousness of the sight, the sump-tuous splendor of it ail, made it appear more likethe confused magnificence of those counterfeitsplendors which are heaped together in theproperty-room of some modem grand opéra thanany possible reality surviving from antiquity. Neverwas anything so dramatic in the whole range ofarchaeological discovery as this first view vouch-safed us hère when the white curtain was pulleddown. Carter was busy at the padlocks (AmericanYale locks!) and steel chains, and then the doorswung open. Stepping in at last, I was utterly dazedby the overwhelming spectacle. The chamber was, Ishould guess, about fourteen by somewhat morethan twenty feet in size. Against the rear wall, andoccupying almost its entire length of over twentyfeet, were placed head to foot three magnificentcouches ail overwrought with gold. As we facedthem they were breast high and evidently requireda flight of portable steps when majesty mounted tobed. The one at the right was made in the form of astanding panther, the creature's head rising as the24Above: Limestone relief of the figures whose names translateas Min and Riya. This funeral drawing shows the abjectsnecessary for the afterlife. Right: This statue of Sekhmet, thelion-headed goddess of war, adomed the temple of the goddessMut at Karnak.Treasures of Tutankhamun Exhibit ScheduleChicago: through August 15 at the Field Muséum and theOriental Institute;New Orléans: September 15 through January 15, 1978, at theMuséum of Art;Los Angeles: February 15 through June 15, 1978, at theCounty Muséum of Art;Seattle: July 15 through November 15, 1978, at the ArtMuséum;New York City: December 15 through April 15, 1979, at theMetropolitan Muséum of Art.bedpost at the head of the couch where his forelegsfurnished also the supporting legs of the couch, hishind legs serving the same fonction at the foot. Inthe same way the middle couch had the form of amottled cow with tall horns, and the third at the leftwas a grotesque Typhon-like hippo with mouthopen showing the grinning teeth. Under thecouches were chairs and caskets, chests and boxes.The chairs were sumptuous and magnificentbeyond description. One of them, indeed, and byfar the finest, which was mentioned in the dis-patches as a throne (though this is not correct),displays in the inside of the back représentations ofthe king and queen standing together, the workdone in gold and silver with incrustation and inlayof semiprecious stones in bright colors. In art andcraftsmanship it is one of the finest pièces of worknow in existence from any âge of the world, and farsurpasses the best work of the craftsman now sur-viving from any other early time or people. . . .In the left corner of the front wall lay the dis-mounted wheels and other parts of a number ofroyal chariots. They were adorned with sumptuous designs in gold and incrustation of semiprecious stones like the back of the royal chair, andwere fully equal to it in art and craftsmanship. Thewheels bore évident traces of having been drivenover rough Theban Streets three thousand twohundred and fifty years ago. They were thereforenot show pièces especially prepared for the king'stomb, but were vehicles intended for actual use.And nevertheless adorned like this! Not vulgarand ostentatious magnificence but the temperedrichness of refined art formed the daily environ-ment of thèse great emperors of the East in thefourteenth century before Christ along the Nile.The splendor of Nineveh and Babylon now beginsto seem but a rough foil, setting off the refinedculture of a higher civilization at Egyptian Thebeswhich could boast such craftsmen as this royal for-niture was revealing for the first time — men quiteworthy to stand beside Lorenzo Ghiberti andBenvenuto Cellini. As I stood in that rockhewnchamber, I felt the culture values of the ancientworld shifting so rapidly that it made one fairlydizzy. . . .A second glance had quickly dispelled the firstimpression that the royal tomb equipment wasundisturbed. Evidences of disturbance and rob-bery were unmistakable. Sumptuous open-workdesigns in heavy sheet gold which filled the spacesbetween the legs of the finer chairs had beenwrenched out and carried away. The chariots hadsuffered in the same way, and when the robbersfinished with them they threw the parts down inconfusion. They left the inner or annex chamberin great disorder. Of two shrines under the right-hand couch one had been broken open, and whenthe golden serpent goddess within was found notto be of massive gold, it was left with the door open, while its companion shrine, of identical de- 25sign and of the same size, was left with the clayseal still unbroken protecting its tiny doubledoors. As the robbers left they found in their waya common couch for ordinary household use.They tossed it hastily aside as they escaped fromthe tomb, where they were perhaps interrupted attheir work, and it still lies high on the top of theHathor couch, with one of the cow's horns stick-ing through the plaited thongs tightly stretchedacross the couch frame. Of course, the maraudersmust hâve taken with them many golden vesselsand other objects made entirely of gold.Besides being a Sherlock Holmes task of unusual interest, it was at that juncture a matter ofimportance to détermine who thèse early tombrobbers were, or at least to gain some rough approximation of the date when they forced theirentrance. Carter had found the two outside door-ways, at the two ends of the descending gallery,still displaying clear évidences of having beenbroken through and then sealed up again. Theforced holes had not been large. They were madein the rubble masonry with which the doorwayswere closed. The roughly plastered face of thisclosing masonry, still bearing the precious sealimpressions, had of course been carefolly pre-served by Carter. . . .The rough masses and lumps of plaster bearingthe seals were stored in a neighboring tomb whichCarter was using as a workshop and laboratory.The next day found us busily poring over thèsefragments. Unfortunately, the ancient officiaiswho had made the seal impressions had neglectedto use enough dust on the seal. The plaster hadconsequently stuck to the seal and when it waspulled away the plaster under it came away with it,leaving the impression almost or totally îllegible.However, the same seal was used many times andby putting together ail the impressions of each oneit was possible to read four différent seals on thetwo doors. Three of them contained the name ofTutenkhamon, and the fourth was that of thecemetery administration and not necessarilypost-Empire. The resealing after the robbery wasnot marked by the name of any post-Empire king.Thèse facts were in themselves évidence that wewere dealing with the tomb of Tutenkhamon, andnot with a cache merely containing his mortuaryforniture. They likewise made it highly probablethat there had been no post-Empire robbery. . . .Before us was the still unopened door. Thefloor before it was encumbered with small objects,which it was unwise to move before the prelimi-nary records of the conditions in the tomb weremade. To our regret also, we were obliged tostand on the ancient reed matting on which theking's statues had so long ago been placed.Otherwise we could not bring our eyes nearenough to the seal-impressed mortar. Then began26 the detailed examination of one broken, imperfectand mostly illegible seal impression after another.As the work absorbed us, there seemed to be voi-ces haunting the silence. Certainly there werequite audible noises. From strange rustling soundsthey increased now and then to a sharp snappingreport. Thèse were the évidence of melancholychanges which were already taking place aroundus. For some three thousand two hundred and fiftyyears before Carter first entered it, the air in thischamber had been unchanged. In ail likelihoodthe température too had changed but slightly if atail in ail that time. Now the incoming draughtswere changing the température and altering theair. Chemical changes were going on, and thewood in the furniture was adjusting itself to newstrains, with resulting snapping and fracturingwhich we could plainly hear. It meant that the lifeof thèse beautifol things around us was limited. Afew générations more and the objects not of porte ry, stone, or métal will be gone.At either shoulder as I worked looked downupon me the benign face of a ruler who had domi-nated the ancient world in the days when the Heb-rews were captives in Egypt and long beforeMoses their leader and liberator was born. It was anoble portrait gazing down upon me in quiet se-renity, as I puzzled over the seals impressed therewhen the king had not been long dead. Only thesoft rays of the electric light suggested the modemworld into which thèse amazing survivais from apast so remote had been so unexpectedly pro-jected. Thus in the silence of the tomb, alwaysconscious of the royal face contemplating me ateither elbow, I continued the examination of theseals, till I had inspected every impression fromthe top of the doorway to a point near the bottom,where the small objects and the reed matting in-terfered with the examination. It was évident thatthis mysterious unopened inner doorway con-tained the same seals which I had found on theother two. A new one also, of which there werefifteen impressions, contained the name of Tutenkhamon himself. There was no Ramses, no post-Empire seal or resealing, and consequently therehad been no post-Empire robbery!. . . The seals at the bottom of the doorwayneeded further examination in order to déterminewho did the resealing after the robbery, and a detailed study was not possible until the chamberbefore the doorway had been cleared and thedoorway completely freed.Carter therefore invited me to return fromCairo, whither our Coffin Text campaign was cal-ling us, as soon as he should hâve cleared the an-techamber and made ready to open the burialchamber. On the fourteenth of February the workon the Coffin Texts was interrupted by a telegramfrom Lord Carnarvon, and the next morning Ifound myself again seated before the mysterious sealed doorway. The antechamber had beencleared, and there was nothing to prevent a carefolexamination of ail of the one hundred and fiftyseal impressions. Again the évidence wasunequivocal — the robbery had been but slight andcursory. It had happened very soon after the burial, for every seal belonged to Tutenkhamon'sreign. The tomb had escaped the post-Empire dévastation. The next day, February sixteenth, thesealed doorway was forced and we entered theburial chamber. When we opened the doors of thegold and blue glaze carafalque, which had notbeen swung back for three thousand two hundredand fifty years and saw the unbroken royal seal onthe inner catafalque, the évidence of the seals onthe mysterious doorway was amply corroborated.But the story of ail that is only now being com-pleted; for the sarcophagus, which modem eyeshâve not yet seen, is to be opened this veryJanuary.On February 12, 1924, Mr. Carter was ready to open theKing's sarcophagus.A crack across the middle of the lid had causedtrouble. But by prying it up sufficiently to insertangle-irons on each long side, and fastening timbersacross each end, Carter had secured it in a cradle atthe head and foot of which he had rigged a multiplechain hoist, each fastened to an ingenious scaffold-ing. Since the lid was unexpectedly light — itweighed no more than VA to V/j tons — the raisingpromised to be an easy process. . . .The hoist was started.The sarcophagus lid trembled, began to rise.Slowly, and swaying uncertainly, it swung clear.At first we saw only a long, narrow, black void.Then across the middle of this blackness we gradu-ally discerned fragments of granité which had fallenout of the fracture in the lid. They were lying scat-tered upon a dark shroud through which weseemed to see emerging an indistinct form.The ropes at the ends of the cradle were stretch-ing, and when the hoists had been drawn up as faras the low ceiling of the burial chamber permitted,the granité lid was swinging not more than twenty-two inches above the sarcophagus. Carter turned aflashlight into the interior and announced that theburial was supported upon a golden bier in lion'sform.Burton now set up the caméra first at the foot,then at the head of the sarcophagus and made arecord of the undisturbed interior.The goddess Selket is one of four deities protecting the tomb.On her head is a scorpion. Selket was noted for her magicalpower in the treatment of scorpion stings. The sarcophagus,which she embraces hère, served to protect a nest of threeien coffins protecting the mummy of Tutankhamun.There followed a complète silence which had init something of the oppressiveness of intervais ofsudden stillness at funerals of our own day. In themidst of this, and reminding one for ail the world ofthe routine efficiency of modem undertakers' assistants, Carter and Mace stepped quietly forward tothe head of the sleeping figure and loosening theshroud on either side, slowly and carefully rolled itback off the head toward the feet.The once white linen was scorched and black-ened as if by fire, and in some places it crumbled intheir fingers. Under it was a second or innershroud, less dark and discolored, and beneath this,half revealed and half concealed, lay the King.Through the veil of the shrouding linen we couldrecognize the contours of his arms crossed at hisbreast, could see the profile of his face, and aboveit, at the forehead, an irregular prominence as ofthe projecting royal insignia. . . .Carter and Mace were now investigating theinner shroud. Presently, beginning at its lower endin the région of the knees, they rolled it slowlyupward. The shroud being double, the King'sfigure, as they progressed, was still covered withthe nether fold. When they reached the top of thehead, they began to roll the under fold downwardtoward the feet.As they did so, we suddenly saw the gleaminggold of the vulture's head and up-reared cobra onthe king's forehead. We saw his eyes, whichseemed to look out upon us as in life; and soon theKing's whole figure was revealed to us in ail thesplendor of shining gold. His gold-covered armsand hands were crossed upon his breast; in his righthand he grasped a crook or staff, wrought of goldand colored stones; in his left, he held the cérémonial flagellum or scourge, also of gold. His figurewas swathed in the gilded plumage of a protectinggoddess.What we saw was the outer coffin, some sevenfeet long and thirty inches high, cunningly wroughtby the sculptor with the aid of the lapidary and thegoldsmith, into a magnificent portrait figure of theKing lying as if stretched out upon the lid like acrusader on his tomb slab in some Europeancathedral. His face bore a striking resemblance tothe wonderfol figures which had guarded the sealeddoorway of the burial chamber. The hands and theinsignia they bore were wrought entirely free andin the round, and the eyes were inlaid of black andwhite stone. No anthropoid coffin lid heretoforeknown can approach it as a work of art.Tutankhamun had several statues made in his likeness tohonor the reinstated god, Amun. Despite the cartouches ofhis successor Ay on the front of the throne, the statue origi-nally belonged to Tutankhamun. Although the statue istraditionally iconographie, the rounded shoulders and chestmuscles and prominent abdomen indicate influence from thepreceding Amarna period.It did not occur to me till afterwards that as theKing lies with feet to the east and head to the west,the Vulture, the Goddess of Upper Egypt, is on theUpper Egyptian or south side, and the Cobra, theGoddess of Lower Egypt, is on the Lower Egyptianor north side of the royal forehead. This is ofcourse intentional.There are probably several inner coffins withinthe last of which lies the embalmed body of theyoung King — the size of the sarcophagus and theouter coffin does not favor the conclusion that hewas a mère child. But this and other importantquestions can be settled only when the coffinsthemselves hâve been opened. . . .About a year later, the archeologists were finally ready toopen the last coffin and see the King's body for the first time.Inside the first coffin was a second one over which copiouslibations of various oils had been poured during the funeralcérémonies. Thèse libations had eventually hardened into adark bituminous or pitch-like mass which covered the secondcoffin and was almost impervious even to a steel chisel.Within the second was the third and lastcoffin — of solid gold so heavy that four men together could barely lift it!The lid of this solid gold coffin, as did that of theoutermost one, again represents the king in ail hissplindid regalia: the face is a portrait; his garmentsabove his crossed arms are encrusted with many-colored semi-precious stones such as carnelian,turquoise and lapislazuli; while below his crossedarms he is enfolded by the protecting wings ofguardian goddesses whose lovely forms are elabo-rately graven in the shining gold, and envelop himwith a luminous net of golden plumage.The lid is again a consummate blend of sculpture,modeling and portraiture, including the art of thelapidary and skill of the graver. Coffin and lid werewrought out of solid gold équivalent to about$243,000 in bullion. How the portrait-face of theKing was executed in the mirror-polished gold ofthe lid without leaving anywhere even the faintesttraces of toolmarks, is a great mystery.Within the solid gold coffin lay the jewel-bedecked, mummified body of Tutenkhamonhimself — he appears to hâve been about eighteenyears old when he died. The head and shoulderswere covered with a magnificent golden mask like aknight's helmet. No other relies of the goldsmith'sart surviving from the ancient world, or fromTutenkhamon's tomb itself, can compare with thiscoffin and mask. I looked upon them with amaze-ment and révérence.1The "Treasures of Tutankhamun" exhibit now gives usthe opportunity to look "with amazement and révérence." Perhaps the most famous item included in it isthe gold mask of Tutankhamun, inlaid with carnelian,lapis lazuli, colored glass and quartz. But there are otherobjects, though, equally spectacular in their beauty: a wooden gilt statuette of the goddess Selket, a gildedfigure of Tutankhamun wielding a ritual harpoon, and asmall gold shrine of exquisite craftsmanship.The élégance of the objects surprises and delights. AsDavid Silverman (Project Egyptologist at both the FieldMuséum and the Oriental Institute for the exhibition)explains, a new naturalness had come into Egyptian artduring Akhenaton's reign and it persisted through thereactionary changes of Tutankhamun's. The best thingsfrom this period, he says, "exhibit a naturalness, grâce,and curvilinear style which is distinct from the traditional rigidity of earlier représentations."The Oriental Institute is presenting a related exhibit,The Magic of Egyptian Art, featuring a collection ofTutankhamun's embaiming and funerary banquet mat-erial. The exhibition also includes examples of ancientEgyptian writing, religious objects and portraits. Mostof the material displayed has never been shown to thepublic before.With the exhibition of the treasures in this countrycornes a burst of interest in ancient Egypt that must rivalthat generated by the discovery of the tomb in 1922.Then, the formai line of the ancient Egyptian style gavesupport to the ideas of to the Bauhaus architectural anddesign style; and it also contributed to what becameknown as Art Déco. Though the exhibits are not ex-pected to generate a révolution in the arts this time,they are having an impact. Various design houses hâve,for instance, begun printing linens with strong Egyptianmotifs.Various publications and reproductions will be avail-able at the exhibit. Catalogues, an engagement calendar,color slides, postcards and posters are offered for sale,with the proceeds going to the Organisation of EgyptianAntiquities. The money will be used for rénovation ofthe Cairo Muséum and of the Graeco-Roman Muséumin Alexandria.In the October, 1976, issue of Archaeology, David Silverman writes, "Ancient Egyptian funerary prayers callupon the children of the deceased, as well as visitors tothe tomb, to keep the name of the deceased alive, andthereby perpetuate his memory. Tutankhamun did nothâve any children, and his final resting place remainedhidden for over three thousand years. But, because ofthe discovery of this magnificent tomb and the présentexhibition of some of its contents, the name of Tutankhamun will live dt n nhh, eternally forever."'T 'his account is excerpted from James H. Breasted, "SomeExpériences in the Tomb of Tutenkhamon," UniversityRecord, January 1924, pp. 29-42 and Art and Archeol-ogy, January-February 1924, pp. 3-17 , and from CharlesBreasted, Pioneer to the Past (New York: CharlesScribner's Sons, 1943), pp. 363-73.In press dispatches at the time of the discovery, the King'sname was spelled "Tutenkhamen," but Mr. Breasted andmany of his fellow Egyptologists had already been using"Tutenkhamon" for some years and retained that spelling.The form now used is "Tutankhamun."30NOSTALGIAV«a^iv I / y. . y. jThe Cobra and the CanaryWhen Howard Carter ivas digging insearch of Tutankhamun's tomb, he decidedto buy a pet canary to ease the loneliness ofhis isolated post.He hung the bird in its cage from theceiling of the portico in his house. Thereare no song birds in Egypt, and the carol-ling of the bird was very pleasant, especially for the natives who had neverheard anything of the kind before andwho came flocking for miles to hear itsing. They ail said, "The bird will bringgood fortune!" Not very long after this,Carter uncovered the first step to thetomb of Tutenkhamon.When they heard of the discovery thenatives said "We knew it would be so— the bird has done it, the bird hasbrought him to this tomb!" And theypromptly christened it "The Tomb ofthe Bird."Word soon spread through the villages of the région that a statue of theKing stood guard on either side of a sealed doorway to what must of course bethe burial place of the King himself.And on the King's forehead, they said,just as on his statues, would be foundthe sacred cobra with his hood spreadand his toungue darting out andthreatening to poison the King'senemies, exactly as the ancient Egyp-tians believed it did.One day after the discovery Cartersent an assistant to fetch something fromhis house which happened to be empty,the servants having gone to the weeklymarket at Luxor. As the man ap-proached the house, he heard a faint,almost human cry. Then ail was silentagain — even the bird had stopped sing-mg.Upon entering, he looked almost in-Lunchmg near Tut's tomb art (left torighti Breasted, Burton. Lucas, Callender,Mace. and Gardner. The photo ua\ takenb) Lord Carnarvon (empty seat). stinctively at the cage and saw coiledwithin it a cobra holding in its mouth thedead canary.News of this spread quickly and ailthe natives now said, "Alas, that was theKing's cobra, revenging itself upon thebird for having betrayed the place of thetomb — and now something terrible willhappen!"J.H. Breasted, quoted in CharlesBreasted, Pioneer to the Past (New York:Charles Scnbner's Sons, 1943). Pioneerto the Past has just been reprinted inpaperback by the University of ChicagoPress.Absurd SuperstitionWilliam F. Edgerton, Associate Professor of Egyptology at the Oriental Institute, refuted conclusively what he cal-led "the absurd superstitution of 'Tut'scurse,' " and any theoretical connectionit might hâve with the death of Dr.James H. Breasted."The often quoted 'inscription' inwhich Tutenkhamon allegedly called down curses on any who should violatehis tomb is a pure fabrication," declaredDr. Edgerton. "The lavish care whichmodem Egyptologist give the tombs,mummies, and funerary furniture of thePharaohs would be highly pleasing tothem. We know this because severalPharaohs themselves removed thebodies of some of their predecessorsfrom the original tombs to other restingplaces where they could be more safelyguarded — and thèse ancient 'tomb vio-laters' actually boasted of what they haddone as a pious act."Mr. Howard Carter, the single mandirectly 'violating' Tutenkhamon'stomb, piercing the outermost door ofthe tomb with his own hands,November 5, 1922, is still alive andwell," asserted Dr. Edgerton, "and it wasalso Mr. Carter who opened the thirdsealed doorway that leads to the burialchamber where Tutenkhamon's bodylay and still lies in royal estate. This wasdone in the présence of Dr. Breastedand some twenty other persons. So faras I can discover, most of them are aliveand well today. . . ."When Dr. Breasted did enter thetomb, his efforts were entirely devotedto studying and recording the contentsof the tomb and especially the seal impressions," related Dr. Edgerton. "Ac-cording to ancient Egyptian ideas, thiswork by Dr. Breasted was whollybénéficiai to the dead Pharoah andwould hâve been looked upon by theEgyptians as an act of piety towardTutenkhamon, since it tended to 'préserve his name.'"Dr. Breasted had nothing to do withthe events leading up to the discovery ofthe tomb," concluded Dr. Edgerton,"and at no time did he hâve any officiaiconnection with the work. When he wasprésent at ail, it was merely as an observer, called in by Lord Carnarvon andMr. Carter in the interest of modem science. If Dr. Breasted had 'violated' thetomb, then scores of thousands oftourists hâve violated it in more récentyears.""News of the Quadrangles," Magazine,December 1935, p. 14.Remarkable Variety in Student Employ-ment at the UniversityNinety per cent of the undergraduatesat the University of Chicago are doingeighty-five différent kinds of work in thecity of Chicago, earning ail or part oftheir way through collège. Public attention was first drawn to the employmentbureau at the University when it re-ported a year ago that one studentcommuted from Cleveland, Ohio, to theUniversity on a mail plane.This year a Chicago baking companyhas employed fifteen students on a Fri-day night shift to fill Saturday's extraor-dinary demands for bread. Thèse menstart at two in the morning, work foreight hours, and turn about 2,000 extraloaves. Private détective agencies hâvehired a number of men as night watch-men and as extra "shadow workers"; andduring the winter several studentsserved at fashionable parties as guardsagainst "second-story" thieves.The Fédéral Reserve Bank in Chicagoemploys a number of men to do cléricalwork at night, preparing for the nextday's business. One student has beenappointed manager of a rooming house,operated by a real estate firm. He adver-tises rooms, collects the rent, and paysthe help. Another, hearing that the saleof a local hôtel was pending, bought thebuilding and resold it at a profit of$2,500. A woman from Mexico, pressedby financial needs, entertains at neigh-borhood social functions with nativedances in costume.Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino students are regularly hired as translatorsby advertising companies. Athlètes areemployed by express companies toguard the transportation of cash, andother men with strong voices are hiredby sightseeing bus companies. An expert in chemical analysis has been addedto the staff of a famous restaurant, andtakes time out from his studies to directthe préparation of canned food pro-ducts."University Notes," Magazine,/*/)' 2926,p. 467. FOT/1hasreproducedfour of thephotographstaken byJosé LopezandLuis /MédinaforDreams In Stonein alimitedédition ofquality posters.The set w\\\ beaivailable through Bergman GalleryCobb 418. Pnces are $8°° for theset and $1°° more for mailing andhandling.Send this coupon toChicago, Chicago, III.(Festival of the Arts).Name Bergma60637. n Gallery, Cobb 418, 5811Makes checks payable to S.Un Ellis,i ver si University ofty of ChicagoAddressNumber of setsAmount enclosed32Teaching in the Collège:The Scientist's PerspectivePeter J. Wyllie teaches a course called"The Earth" to non-science majors inthe Collège. The first part of a three-quarter séquence, it is followed by "TheAtmosphère" and "The World Océan,"which are taught by other faculty members in the geophysical sciences.Wyllie's lectures are organized aroundthe theory of plate tectonics, "the oldidea of continental drift in a new disguise," as he calls it. A great deal of évidence in support of the theory has beenuncovered in récent years, and Wylliereviews this while showing the studentshow plate tectonics enables geologists toexplain the relationships among thingslike earthquakes, volcanoes and naturalresources within the same earth-widescheme."We look at certain approaches to thewhole-earth System, the major lines ofévidence for plate tectonic theory, andwe look at selected détails which provide that évidence. Now, at the sametime, we can look at the history of science, because we are living in a majorscientific révolution. Collège students inthe past hâve said, 'Why can't our com-mon core in the physical sciences beconcerned with the history of science.'We could cope with history. That wouldavoid ail that mathematical stuff.' Now,my response to that is: you can't reallydo much with the history of science untilyou know some science. But hère wehâve a révolution, and, in looking at theévidence, we can trace it historically andsee how the theory developed. The history of" science — or, at least, the histon- POSTCARDFROMOLYMPUScal approach — can very easily be in-cluded in the course this way."Once you hâve a theory, of course,another scientific method is to test it andto apply it. So, I try to weave into thisgênerai framework the applicationswhich are significant to the students.Our fuel, which is of such major concernat présent, is ail part of the geologicalcycle. The Carbon from the organismsand plants that die gets trapped in theground, and, under favorable circums-tances, concentrated,and later wetake itout and burn it. There are many otherapplications to Society which are obvious. And I try to lead from the theory,from évidence, into applications."Wyllie explains that the two mostdifficult concepts for the students tograsp in the course are a feeling for theearth in three dimensions and a sensé ofgeological time. To help them visualizethe earth in three dimensions, he usesmany diagrammatic slides — " its verydifficult to draw thèse very elaboratethings on the blackboard quickly and ac-curately enough for the students to seethem through the same three-dimensional spectacles that I'mwearing" — and he assigns simple three-dimensional problems as "lab work."It takes expérimentation, Wyllie in-sists, to develop a successful commoncore course in physical science. "We ailstart off thinking that the students knowmore than they do, and it takes a longtime to realize what they dont know, torealize what they will learn, what theywon't learn, what they like, what theydont like and so on, and to balance thatagainst what you yourself think is good for them."Is there much of a self-conscioussensé on the Collège faculty of what theoverall goal is? Wyllie does not thinkthat there is. "I don't know many facultyas 'Collège faculty.' In our division, theCollège faculty are the ones who happento be teaching an undergraduate course;they are 'Collège faculty' for the threeyears around the period when they happen to teach an undergraduate course.Physical Science faculty members tendto agrée with Dean Oxnard that 'undergraduate teaching is the responsibility ofail the faculty,' but they don't identifyspecifically with the Collège. They don'tthink very much about the Collège cur-riculum as a whole; they don't thinkabout the mission of the Collège. Whensomebody's arm is twisted, for example,to teach one term on oceanography inthe common core séquence, that's probably the first time — and it may even bethe last time — he does something likethat. So he just has to décide what he'sgoing to cover this once: how is he goingto approach it? Is he going to try tomake it exciting, or is he going to try andgive thèse kids a strong basis inmathematics?"There is a gênerai kind of feelingthat, yes, we know what the commoncore is. But I'm fairly sure that, in thesciences at any rate, the way it is ap-proached is largely a matter of whateverPersonal philosophy an individual bringsto bear on this particular problem— which is, immediately, one course— which he often isn't in a position torelate to the whole educational processat the University.The sound spectrograph measures the intonations, volume, and timing in speech."This may seem to be ratherhaphazard, but in fact there is realstrength arising from the close association of the Collège with a major university. We can offer better educational expériences in physical sciences than manycollèges because our faculty memberswhose daily lives are in research canbring the real excitement of science tothe many students who were turned offby science in high school. This is our lastformai chance to make them aware ofthe importance of science to their livesand to society as a whole. We dont hâvea standard textbook formula that everyteacher has a to follow. What I did wasto modify a graduate course that I haddesigned to cover the developing theoryof plate tectonics, take out the jargonand the more quantitative aspects inorder to match the expérience of the av-erage student in the class, and to manufacture a new kind of introduction tothe earth sciences." Wyllie's efforts hâveresulted in a remarkably lucid textbook,The Way the Earth Works, which one en-thusiastic reviewer has recommended tonon-scientists, collège geology majors,high school seniors and graduate students attending their first professionalassociation meetings.What is Wyllie's own reaction toteaching undergraduates? "Like every -body else in the Divisions, most of mytime and effort is engaged in research,association with graduate students,teaching graduate students in formaicourses, writing and, occasionally, teaching 200-level courses in the Collège.That usually involves contact with asmall number of students. And I find it very satisfying to présent the materialthat I grew up with, the material that Ienjoy most of ail, this science of theearth, to a large number of students whootherwise would hâve no opportunity toappreciate the beauty of a great scientifictheory. Every teacher knows that thereis nothing more satisfying than to hâve astudent who is turned on by your sub-ject. And there are enough students inthe class who do enjoy it and who goaway feeling that 'My, science isn't sobad after ail, and earth science is evenbetter' that the effort is well worth-while."Expérimental PhoneticsPhoneticians are interested in three différent kinds of problems, according toDale Terbeek, Assistant Professor inLinguistics and Behavioral Sciences. Thefirst is how speech sounds are produced,the second is how they are perceived,and the third is how spécifie both theproduction and the perception are todifférent languages. Terbeek's interest isin perception, in "the kind ofmechanisms the brain must hâve inorder to décode an acoustic stream." Hispurpose is to understand better howspeech is processed by the brain."The biggest problem," he says, is thatthere isn't any unified, single, constantpièce of acoustic information that goesalong with every speech sound. Whensomeone says a 'p,' there isn't anythingin the speech signal one can point to as'absolute évidence that it is in fact a 'p.'That same bit of acoustic noise might beinterpreted as a 'k' if a différent vowel happened to follow. What one thinks ofas individual consonants and vowels fol-lowing one after another involves considérable overlapping of the acousticeues by the time the speech gets to thelistener's ear. So we hâve to figure outwhat the decoding stratégies are. Myown interest has been in vowels. Forover a century we hâve known whatmakes one vowel différent fromanother; the mouth resonates to différent frequencies as its shape is changed.Thèse high frequencies are not heard aspitches, but as vowel quality. How youperceive what vowel you're listening tois a classic problem. Again, there's nothing fixed, nothing absolute aboutvowels. If a woman were to produce aparticular sound, it might be perceivedas an eh, whereas if a man produced asound with the same résonances, itmight be perceived as an ih, because hisspeaking pitch is lower. So there's a lotof strategy involved in just listening tosomebody talk and knowing what wordshe's saying.""The way that we try to get perceptualinformation directly from listeners is toask them to make judgments aboutvowel sounds or consonants. This isusually done by presenting pairs ofsounds to listener: 'How far apart are eeand ah? Write your impression of thedissimilarity between the sounds on therating scale.' " It does not seem to mat-ter whether or not the expérimenteruses an "anchor" in the experiment,whether he asks "If eeloo is five, what'sahloo?" or just tells the respondent to putdown whatever number seems approp-riate. "Often," according to Terbeek,"listeners say 'I'm sorry, but I know I'mnot being consistent. I just dont under-stand what you want.' We say 'Thankyou, well try to use your data anyway,'and its usually just fine."The next step is to gather the listeners' judgments into a vowel-by-voweldistance table, which is then convertedinto a map of the vowel positions in theperceptual space.' We hâve found thatthe perceptual spaces are organized according to attributes long used by ling-uists to describe vowels, which refer tothe positions of the lips and tongue."One of the graduate students in ling-uistics, Rob Fox, is working on an exper-iment that uses reaction times. One facetof his research involves measuring howlong it takes to respond 'same' or 'différent' upon hearing a pair of vowels. Thequestion is whether some attributes ofthe vowels are processed in séquence orsimultaneously. The vowels ee, ay and oo,for example, differ according to Ziprounding and ton gue height: ee is describedas 'high front unrounded,' ay is describedas 'mid front unrounded' and oo as 'highback rounded.' What if it is easier — ornecessary — to process rounding first?Then you would expect a listener to hâvea much faster reaction time to eeloo thanhe would to eelay. For eeloo, he would beable to make the décision 'différent' onthe basis of only one feature: rounding.But loi eelay, he could not distinguish thesounds until the height feature had beenanalyzed. If there were no systematic différence, you would hâve some reason tosay that vowel features were processed inparallel, and you would hâve to figurehow that would work."Experiments are carried out with bothnatural and synthetic speech. "The simples! way to do perceptual tests," Terbeekexplains, "is to use natural speech andjust make tape splices. But that leavesyou with lots of uncontrolled variablessuch as loudness, voice quality and pitch.With synthetic speech, thèse can be con-trolled precisely. For example, you mightbe interested in what makes two verysimilar vowel sounds différent. It is possible to synthesize many versions of awhole sentence, keeping the sentenceabsolutely identical throughout exceptfor slight changes in the vowel sound inone word. This kind of experiment isimpossible with natural speech. Ofcourse, synthetic speech is a useful thingin itself. While the voice of HAL thecomputer in 2007. '/î Space Odyssey is stillsome way off, there are some commercialapplications of synthesized speech today,such as the phone company's 'Thisnumber is no longer in service' message.The part of the message which tells you which number you hâve reached was notrecorded separately; your dialing thenumber sélects the digits you will hear."Building a machine that can receiveand décode human speech is a muchmore difficult task. We do not yet knowenough about how humans perceivespeech to teach a machine to do it."Kalven Chair NamedPrésident Wilson has announced the establishment of the Harry Kalven, Jr. Pro-fessorship of Law, funded by a gift fromthe Robert R. McCormick CharitableTrust of Chicago. Explaining the importance of the gift, Wilson said, "We maynow build further on the efforts of HarryKalven to reconcile the principle of theFirst Amendment with the practicalneeds of a modem democracy."Harry Kalven, AB '35, JD '38, amember of the faculty from 1945 untilhis death in 1974, was a leadingauthorityon freedom of the press and other aspects of the First Amendment. At thetime of his death, he was completingwork on an extensive essay examiningthe théories underlying contemporaryAmerican law on the freedom of speech.The essay, soon to be published as abook, also examines modem sociologicalfindings about the formation of publicopinion and the économies of modemcommunication.Commenting on the announcement,Norval Morris, Dean of the Law School,said, "Harry Kalven was no remoteacadémie. He turned his formidable légalanalytic skill to the service of contemporary issues, particularly those involv-ing freedom of speech and other con-stitutional protections. He was esteemedalike by practitioners and scholars of thelaw. He was an extraordinarily successfulteacher, achieving vigorous and incisivecriticism of students' ideas while attract-ing their lasting affection and respect."The Harry Kalven chair will make aprofound and needed contribution to thestudy of the protection of First Amendment freedoms. Despite its enormouspublic importance, this area of the lawlacks the quality of scholarship that itssocial significance deserves and thatHarry Kalven brought to the subject."Library Director's Chair EndowedThe Joseph and Helen RegensteinFoundation has endowed the position ofDirector of the University Libraries. Thecurrent Director is Stanley McElderry,who came to the University in June 1972from the University of Texas, where hehad been Dean of the Graduate School of Library Science.Commenting on the gift, PrésidentWilson said, "The endowment for theposition of Director of the Libraries is agift of the greatest importance, and aninspiration. The Libraries are the heart ofthe entire University, and it is only whenwe hâve established an adéquate endowment for ail of the éléments thatcomprise the Libraries that we can beassured of the future of the Libraries andof the adequacy of the acquisition prog-rams. The endowment of the Director'sposition is the first step in that direction.It is a gift which encourages us and whichI hope will encourage others."The Laing PrizeKeith W. Baker has received the 1976Gordon J. Laing Award for his study,Condorcet: From 'Natural Philosophy to Social Mathematics. Since its publication in1974, Condorcet has been acclaimed inboth American and European journals. Areviewer for the Times Literary Supplément (November 1975) described it as"by far the best book on Condorcet inany language."The Laing prize has been conferredannually since 1963 by the Board of University Publications on the faculty authorwhose book has brought greatest distinction to the list of the Press. Baker is anAssociate Professor in History, the Morris Fishbein Center and the Collège,Master of the Social Sciences CollegiateDivision, and Associate Dean of both theCollège and the Division of the SocialSciences.AppointmentsHerbert L. Anderson, DistinguishedService Professor. He is Professor inPhysics, the Enrico Fermi Institute andthe Collège.Norman M. Bradburn, AB '50, theTiffany and Margaret Blake Distinguished Service Professor. He is Professor and Chairman of Behavioral Sciencesand Professor in the Graudate School ofBusiness, the Collège and the Committee on Public Policy Studies.Edward C. Dimock, Jr. DistinguishedService Professor. He is Professor inSouth Asian Language and Civilizationsand the Collège, and Chairman of theCommittee on South Asian Studies.Arnold C. Harberger, AM '47, PhD'50, the Gustavus and Ann M. Swift Distinguished Service Professor. He is Professor and Chairman of Economies.Philip B. Kurland, the William R.Kenan, Jr. Distinguished Service Professor. He is Professor in the Law Schoolw*mmmmm i mtmmm m mwwii.wtiuii..u.ww'•'¦"¦- i :--i-"'ALUMNI NEWSand the Collège.Smart A. Rice, the Frank P. HixonDistinguished Service Professor. He isProfessor in Chemistry, Biophysics andTheoretical Biology, and the Collège.Edward Wasiolek, the Avalon Distinguished Service Professor. He is Professor and Chairman of Slavic Languagesand Literatures, Professor in the Collège,and Chairman of the Committee onComparative Studies in Literature.Robert W. Wissler, SM '43, PhD '47,MD '48, Donald N. Pritzker Distinguished Service Professor. He is Professor in Pathology and the Collège.Gidon A. G. Gottlieb, the first LéoSpitz Professor of International Law. Heis Professor in the Law School.Joseph V. Smith, the Louis Block Professor in the Division of the Physical Sciences. He is Professor in GeophysicalSciences and the Collège.Paul Wheatley, the Irving Harris Professor of Urban Geography. He is Professor in Geography, the Committee onSocial Thought and the Collège.Léon R. Kass, SB '58, MD '62, the firstHenry R. Luce Professor in the LibéralArts of Human Biology in the Collège.He had been the Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.Research Professor in Bioethics at theKennedy Institute and Associate Professor of Neurology and Philosophy atGeorgetown University.Books by Members of the FacultySewall Wright, Evolution and the Geneticsof Populations, vol 3: Expérimental Resultsand Evolutionary Déductions, Universityof Chicago Press, 624 pp, $35.Anthony C. Yu (trans. and éd.), TheJourney to the West, UCP, 544 pp, $25.00.Arthur Heiserman, The Novel before theNovel: Essay s and Discussions about the Be-ginnings of Prose Fiction in the West, UCP,272 pp, $15.00.Joseph Ben-David and Terry Nichols(eds.), Culture and Its Creators: Essays inHonor of Edward Shils, UCP, 296 pp,$15.00.Léonard Linsky, Names and Descriptions (philosophical logic and the theoryof référence), UCP, 208 pp, $13.50.Philip B. Kurland (éd.), The SuprêmeCourt Review, 1976, UCP, 448 pp, $25.Peter J. Wyllie, The Way the EarthWorks: An Introduction to the New GlobalGeology and Its Revolutionary Development,John Wiley & Sons, 296 pp, $12.95.Emmet Larkin, The Historical Dimensions of Irish Catholicism, Arno Press,$15.00.Charles Breasted, Pioneer to the Past:The S tory ofJames Breasted, Archaeologist,UCP, 448 pp, $5.95. Alumni Stir in BelgiumA newsletter from Stuart Baillie Strong,MBA '72, leads us to believe that thealumni group in Belgium flourishes.Strong, who is chairman, lists an incorporation of bylaws last April, agathering of ail European groups inBruges in June, the chairman's présentation to the King of the Belgians in Julyat the Séance Académique, Brussels;and a November Nobel Prize dinner forMilton Friedman AM '33, in Louvain.Ernst Pankert, MBA '70, met withreprésentatives from a dozen management search firms and assembled an em-ployment package to help both newgraduâtes seeking jobs in Belgium andolder graduâtes thinking of changingjobs.Vice chairmen of this busy group areLambert Vanthienen, MBA '69, andPhilippe de Prins, MBA '69; AlfonsBuster, MBA '73, is secretary, Guy Cat-teau, MBA '71, is treasurer."Follies" for Alumni WeekendStudent and alumni talent combines in"Follies," a musical productionscheduled for June 3, 4, and 5 in MandelHall.Producers Kathleen Wildman, AB'77, and Paul Pierron, AB '75, wanted toprésent a musical for Alumni Weekend.They realized they couldn't do it with-out a large number of people as perfor-mers and to production assistants, sothey turned to Chicago area alumni forhelp."Many of the group," says Pierron,"work for University Théâtre or usedto." Much of the group's efforts hâvegone into costume design, set-building,and box office duty.The play, described as both bitter and bittersweet, lends itself to a doubledeckcast: bright young things beginning a lifein front of the footlights, and brightyoung things grown up, their lustersomewhat dimrrïed.The performances in Mandel Hall areat 8:30 p. m. on June 3 and 5, and at 2:30p. m. on June 4.Changing Career PathsReturning to the University's DivisionalMaster's Program in the Social Sciencesmight serve to expand or alter a tiredcareer, according to Sal Maddi. Maddi,director of the program and professor ofpsychology and social sciences, de-scribes the one year MA program as "akind of backing-off from overspecializa-tion."The program taps expertise from nineseparate disciplines, mostly from theDivision of Social Sciences. Concentrations are in areas such as "Individual andSociety, Urban Studies, Philosophy andHistory of Social Science, Cultural Dimension of Social Change, IndustrialRelations, Area and Language Studies,Evaluation and Survey research, and Individual Study.Maddi says that Chicago alumni areprobably better prepared for the year-long course of study than others not fromthe University. In cases where theindividual's performance contradicts inadéquate grade averages, the programrequirements might be eased.In 1976, 85 new students entered theprogram. Housing arrangements wereexpanded to accommodate several students who transplanted families for theacadémie year.The core faculty group — there are 44members — represent the Departmentsof History, Sociology, Anthropology,36 Law, Behavioral Sciences, Education,Economies, Political Science, SocialService Administration, Far EasternLanguages and Civilizations, and theCommittee on Social Thought. Studentsin the program are expected to complètenine courses and an MA paper."We hâve some financial aid availablein the form of scholarships," says Maddi,"and we can help prospective studentsget loans. Cost, housing and course offering queries should be directed toMaddi at the Division of Social Sciencesat the University.Back to School: Alumni Collège '77The second Alumni Collège convenesJuly 24 for one week on the Universitycampus. The 1977 session is titled "LifeCycle." The program will examine thelife of the American today — growing up,being educated, raising a family, working, growing old, and dying.This year's alumni collège combines aschedule of morning classes that leavesafternoons and evenings free for cityand campus tours, informai meetingswith faculty, a visit to the Treasures ofTutankhamun exhibit, and performances at Court Theater and at Ravinia.Alumni Collège is a non-credit program. There are no homework assign-ments, and written papers are not re-quired. However, reading materials willbe sent to participants as background forscheduled lectures and discussions.Lecturers and their topics includeKenneth Kaye, assistant professor in theDepartment of Education: Infancy-— Early Childhood;Susan S. Stodolsky, associate professor in the Departments of Education andBehavioral Sciences: Early SchoolYears;Edgar G. Epps, Marshall Field Professor in the Department of Education:Adolescence;Arthur Schwartz, associate professorin the School of Social Service Administration and Department ofPsychiatry Young Adulthood andSwinging Singles;Arnita Boswell, field work associateprofessor in the School of Social ServiceAdministration: Marriage and theAmerican Family;Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, associateprofessor in the Department of Behavioral Sciences and in the Collège:Work and Creativity;Salvatore R. Maddi, professor in theDepartment of Behavioral Sciences andin the Collège: Stress;Morton A. Lieberman, professor inthe Departments of Psychiatry and Be havioral Sciences: Transitions of Adulthood;E. Spencer Parsons, Dean of Rock-efeller Mémorial Chapel and associateprofessor in the Divimty School: Mor-als, Ethics, and Changing Lifestyles;Bernice L. Neugarten, professor inthe Department of Behavioral Sciencesand in the Collège: The Rise of theYoung-Old;Robert J. Havighurst, professoremeritus in the Departments of Education and Behavioral Sciences: Retire-ment;Cari Schneider, assistant Professor inthe Meadville/Lombard TheologicalSchool: Death and Dying: A DifférentKind of Ending.Enrollment in Alumni Collège is opento ail University alumni and theirspouses, and friends of the University.Résident student tuition at the Centerfor Continuing Education is $240.(Single occupants should add $60.)Nonresident student fées are $175, andday student fées, $130.Further inquiries may be addressed toAlumni Collège '77 at the Center forContinuing Education, the University ofChicago, 1307 E. 60th Street, Chicago60637, orcall 312 288-2500.A Gift of CourtsEight tennis courts hâve been donatedto the University by an alumnus whoprefers to remain anonymous. The giftbrings the number of courts available onthe campus to 28.Construction at the new court site at55th Street and Ellis Avenue began withthe spring thaw. The new courts will notabsorb ail of the overflow turnout for tennis each spring and summer, however. Prior to World War II, the University had as many as 65 courts, but construction of académie facilities on courtsites eut that number by two-thirds.Well over 60,000 playing hours werelogged on the University's 20 courts lastyear, according to the Athletic Department. The figure includes some 20,000réservations made for eight "reserve-only" courts.The University has a history of strongtennis teams. Between 1934, when theBig Ten began officially crowning teamtennis champions, and 1946, when theUniversity withdrew from Big Tencompétition, Maroon teams capturedfive Big Ten tennis crowns. In 36 yearsof Big Ten tennis compétition, the University produced 14 singles and 16 doubles champions, including the very firstBig Ten singles champion, Paul E.Gardner, in 1910.Divinity Honors FeldsteinCharles R. Feldstein, AM '44, fund raising consultant and public relations executive, was named Alumnus of theYear by the Divinity School shortlyafter the Autumn issue of the Magazinewent to press.Feldstein, 53, was awarded an AMdegree in Old Testament Literaturefrom the Divinity School in 1944. He isthe first layman to be named Alumnus ofthe Year by the School.The citation was conferred by DonaldA. Gillies, président of the Board ofTrustées of the Baptist TheologicalUnion, at the annual dinner for the faculty of the Divinity School.George H. Watkins, trustée of theUniversity and of the TheologicalUnion, who introduced Feldstein, said,"There is practically no major Chicagocultural or charitable organization that.isnot in his debt. While developing a suc-cessful business, his sensé of service hasnever wavered. I know of no one whohas made a greater, more multifacetedcontribution to our contemporary cultural scène."Bellow Gives 1977Jefferson LectureSaul Bellow, X'39, was selected by theNational Endowment for theHumanities to give the sLxth annual Jefferson Lecture. He delivered the two-part lecture in Washington D.C. onMarch 31, and in Chicago on April 1 onthe gênerai thème of the American wri-ter and his material.The Jefferson Lecture is sponsored bythe National Endowment for theHumanities to provide a public forumfor the ideas and humanistic insights ofAmerica's leading thinkers.This is the second year a UC facultymember has been named to the nationallectureship. John Hope Franklin, theJohn Matthews Manly DistinguishedService Professor in History, was the1976 Lecturer.Bellow is the Raymond W. andMartha Hilpert Gruner DistinguishedService Professor in the Committee onSocial Thought and in the Departmentof English. He was the 1976 récipient ofthe Nobel Prize for literature.Levi Back in ClassEdward H. Levi, PhB '32, JD '35,former United States Attorney Generaland former Président of the University,returned to the University during thewinter quarter and is teaching in theCollège this spring.His class, "Jurisprudence," meetstwice a week. It is part of the PERL séries — Politics, Economies, Rhetoric,and Law — for undergraduates.Levi's departure from Washingtongenerated a séries of testimonials re-corded in the Congressional Record.Senator Edward Kennedy (D Mass),said, "Attorney General Levi enteredoffice under the most difficult and tryingcircumstances, yet he leaves a Department once again characterized by integ-rity, intellectual honesty, and committ-ment to equal justice."Kennedy said that he had workedclosely with Levi to introduce theForeign Intelligence Surveillance Act. Itplaces légal restrictions on the power ofthe Président over surveillance of U.S.citizens. Introduced over strong objections by the intelligence community, itsbacking was due, Kennedy said, to theefforts of the Attorney General.He added that "Edward Levi has returned respect to the office of AttorneyGeneral."Senator Lowell Weicker (R Conn.)after a long outline of attorneys gêneraiand assistants who hâve been indicted, said that Levi had restored the Department of Justice. "More often than not,"he added, "the blindfolded Justice hasnot been holding scales, but rather, thePresident's hand. This ended with theappointment of Edward Levi, a brilliantlawyer, educator, and free spirit."Mullaney Named InformationOffice DirectorThomas R. Mullaney, AM '68, becamedirector of the University's Office ofPublic Information in February.He had been the Senior Editor at theCity University of New York. He hasfree lanced for many magazines andpapers, primarily in économies, social issues, religion, and politics. He was anassistant économies editor for BusinessWeek in 1970 and 1971, and thenéconomies editor of the National Journalin Washington, D.C.He received an AB in économiesfrom Fordham University and his AMfrom the University in international relations.IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllREUNION 1977FRIDAY, JUNE 3:Faculty SeminarsLuncheonClass Reunion Banquets: 1927,1932, 1937, 1942, Emeritus ClubCampus ToursSATURDAY, JUNE 4:Faculty SeminarsAwards LuncheonClass Reunion Banquets: 1947,1952, 1957, 1962, 1972President's RéceptionCampus Tours67th Annual Interfraternity SingSUNDAY, JUNE 5:Convocation Sunday,Rockfeller Chapel lllllllllllllllllllllllllllSend for more information. Return coupon to:Gwen Witsamen, Program DirectorAlumni House5733 South University AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637_CLASS YEAR_C1TY/STATE_lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllill1910The St. Paul Pioneer Press devoted a pagein the autumn to NELS HOKANSON,SB'10, who through a memoir and téléphone calls, transformed an 18-acreravine known as "Swede Hollow" into apark. He, his parents and brother hadlived in the area around the turn of thecentury. The city of St. Paul has agreedto maintain the area as a park site.1916Thirty-five years after his death, ERNESTE. JUST, PhD' 16, has been honored bythe Association for the Study of Afro-Amencan Life and History. Just, an in-vestigator of cell life and egg fertiliza-tion, was author oïThe Biology of the CellSurface, 1939. His major work rejectedthe old theory that germ cells were in-dependent of the rest of the body andstressed the importance of environmentin the life process.1925JOHN STALNAKER, SB'25, AM'28, wasone of nine educators to receive the Collège Entrance Examination Board'sMedal for Distinguished Service to Education in the autumn. He is présidentemeritus, honorary director, and foun-der of the National Merit ScholarshipCorp.1927WILLIAM WILSON MORGAN, SB'27,PhD'31, was honored in the autumn for his 50-year association with Yerkes Ob-servatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin.Morgan is best known for his 1951 discovery that the galaxy in which the Earthis located is a spiral galaxy like othersknown in distant space. He identifiedsections of three spiral arms in theneighborhood of the sun. In 1960, hediscovered a whole category of super-giant galaxies, the largest structuresknown in the universe. Morgan is theBernard E. and Ellen C. Sunny Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus in theDepartment of Astronomy and As-trophysics. He continues his full dailywork schedule at the observatory.PAUL L. whitely, phD'27, has published a reminescence of HARVEY a.CARR, PhD'05, in the December 1976Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences. Carr was professor of expérimental psychology at the University from1908 to 1938, when he was named professor emeritus.1929ROBERT allan, MD'29, serves as fieldreprésentative of the Hospital Accréditation Program of the Joint Commissionon Accréditation of Hospitals in NewJersey.1930EMMA BEEKMANN GAVRAS, AM'30, re-ceived a University of Nebraska 1977Alumni Achievement award in Lincoln.She is one of the six récipients chosenfrom the classes honored. Her class,1927, is celebrating its 50th reunion.Last year, PAUL W. LANGE, PhB'30,AM'33, PhD'40 was named Educator ofthe Year by the Lutheran EducationAssn. He was one of the founders of theL.E.A. in 1942. He is a professor oféducation at Valparaiso University inIndiana.NATHAN W. SHOCK, PhD'30, washonored last autumn for his 35 years ofleadership in the study of aging. He isacting scientific director of the NationalInstitute on Aging, National Institutesof Health. He was one of the first geron-tologists to foresee the importance oflong-terms studies of aging in a healthy,community-living population. He hasdeveloped a Study of Aging group — 650subjects between 20 and 96 yearsold — who visit the Institute in Baltimorebiannually to undergo extensive testsmeasuring âge change.1931HELEN M. CAVANAGH, AM'31, PhD'38,has published a new monograph on theproblem of defining and writing localhistory. "Individuals are ail 'local' somewhere," she says. "As man cuts across his own localisms he becomes acomplex person. He may simultane-ously relate to the farm, the township,the county, the city . . . then to the state,the nation, the world (or parts of it) andtoday, even to outer space." She is distinguished professor emeritus of historyat Illinois State University, Blooming-ton.PHILIP KOLB, PhB'31, AM'32, won aGrand Prix d'Académie from theAcadémie Française for his work on thecorrespondence of novelist MarcelProust. With the award, Kolb will receive 5,000 francs, or about $ 1,000. Thelatest volume covers Proust's lettersfrom 1896 to 1901. Kolb, who is a professor emeritus of French at the University of Illinois, plans to publish a newProust volume each year to add to the609 letters already included in the firsttwo volumes.1933RAMONA SAWYER BARTH, X'33, spentmuch of the bicentennial year on thelecture circuit, furthering the feministmovement. She wrote on AbigailAdams, organized Women's Coalitionrallies, organized displays of women onstamps, t-shirts, and lapel buttons.Readers may remember Ms. Barth asthe mastermind behind the picketing ofBoston's Playboy Club.RICHARD NIEHOFF, PhB, 33, AM'34,writes that he has retired from MichiganState University as professor emeritusand Dean Emeritus of International Studies and Program. He and Mrs.Niehoff, (HELEN ELIZABETHMOREHEAD) who taught at the University Laboratory Schools from 1932-36,réside in East Lansing.1934FRANK C. SPRINGER JR., PhB'34, washonored by the International Phar-maceutical Manufacturing Associationas a founder and 30-year member. Thecérémonies were in New York City inNovember. Springer was manager ofpublic relations for Eli Lilly International Corp. until his retirement lastyear.1935CHARLES A. BANE, ab'35, was electedco-chairman of the Chicago Lawyers'Committee for Civil Rights Under Law,and a member of the board of directorsfor that group nationally. He is amember of the firm of Isham, Lincoln &Beale in Chicago.ROBERT M. GROGAN, SB'35, retired atthe end of December from E. E. du Pontde Nemours & Co., after 25 years. Hewas chief geologist in the Energy andHydrocarbons Division and traveledWorldwide in search of fluorspar andtitanium deposits.1936herman KOGAN, ab'36, has been honored by the Illinois House of Représentatives in a resolution praising him as adistinguished reporter, critic, war correspondent, editor and news commen-tator whose work "has invariablytouched and enriched our lives andthose of millions of our fellow citizens."Kogan retired in January 1977 as editorof "Show" in the Chicago Sun-Times; hehas written eleven books and présents aweekly broadcast of his criticism onChicago radio and télévision stations.1938LELIA W. ANDERSON, AM'38, DB'40,writes that she visited the agriculturalmission work in Ghana, Togo, and Indialast autumn, in her capacity as committee member of the United Church ofChrist, Illinois Conférence. That groupis attempting to secure a loan to assistthose countries. In Madras, she met withMARY and VALANJATTU THOMAS,AM'58 and DB'56, AM'69, respectively.He is teaching at Madras Christian Collège and she is the head of a family planning and health care center near Madras,which serves mothers and babies.The Association of Fédéral Inves-tigators honored FRANCES O. KELSEY,PhD'38, MD'50, Food and Drug Administration troubleshooter. She is mostwidely known for her long battle againstthe drug thalidomide. It was eventuallywithdrawn from the market after Dr.Kelsey and others proved that the drugwas closely associated with fetal abnor-malities. She is now director of thescientific investigations staff, Office ofScientific Evaluation, Bureau of Drugs,FDA, in Washington, D.C.EDWARD T. MYERS, SB'38, receivedhis fourth Neal Award for outstandingeditorial accomplishment last year. Theawards are presented annually by theAmerican Business Press; Myers washonored for a spécial issue of ModemRailroads, "The State of the Railroad In-dustry."1940EDWARD B. BATES, AB'40, has beennamed chairman of Connecticut MutualLife of Hartford, Connecticut. He hadbecome executive vice-président and acompany director in 1962.BERNICE L. BOSS, AB'40, has beenpromoted to Assistant Provost of the State University of New York at Buf-falo. She has been a member of the pro-fessional staff there since 1965, and hasbeen assistant to the Provost of the Faculty of Arts and Letters since 1972.CYRIL O. HOULE, PhD'40, professor oféducation at the University, has beennamed a Senior Program Consultantwith the W. K. Kellogg Foundation.Houle, a faculty member since 1939,was Dean of the Collège from 1944through 1952.DAVID M. LEVITAN, PhD'40, is verymuch alive, and has written to tell usthat the démise of a différent David M.Levitan was reported in the pages of theNew York Times, and, subsequently, inthe winter issue of this Magazine. Wehâve apologized.CARL S. STANLEY, AB'40, is chairmanof the board and chief executive officerof the Wilmette Bank in Wilmette, Illinois. He is a senor vice président at theHarris Trust and Savings Bank inChicago.1942NORMA YONOVER PODET, AB'42, is pro-ject administrator of the Waco TexasFamily Home Care Agency, a System ofhomes caring for infants of workingmothers. Besides becoming a licensedsocial psychotherapist, she has enlistedexperts and their advice for a weekly TVprogram, "Panel for People," whichdeals with child-rearing problems.ANDREW F. STEHNEY, SB'42, PhD'50,was named associate director of the Division of Radiological and Environmen-tal Research at Argonne NationalLaboratory. He continues his responsi-bility for the Center for HumanRadiobiology, which maintains lifelongdata on persons who hâve received largeradiation doses.1944GEORGE RAMSPECK, SB'44, JD'49,married Shirley McWilliams Shannon.George is a senior partner in the firm ofChapman & Culter in Chicago. His wife,Shirley is the midwest editor oiGlamourMagazine.1947For her "continuing efforts to relate thepractice of medicine to the fields ofphysical éducation and récréation,"CHRISTINE E. HAYCOCK, PhB'47, SB'48,received the President's RécognitionAward from the New Jersey Assn. forHealth, Physical Education and Récréation in Newark.JOSEPH MINSKY, PhB'47, JD'51, has been elected président of the AmericanJewish Congress, Council of GreaterChicago. Minsky joined the AJC morethan 20 years ago, as director of itsCommission on Law and Social Action.Long interested in civil rights, he hasheaded the State Committee for FairHousing and has served as a hearingofficer for housing discrimination caseswith the Chicago Commission onHuman Relations.MARSHALL N. ROSENBLUTH, SM'47,PhD'49 was named récipient of the 1976James Clerk Maxwell Prize in PlasmaPhysics. The prize includes $3,500 and acertificate. It honors contributions tothe knowledge of properties of highlyionized gases of natural and laboratoryorigin. Rosenbluth is currently serving afour-year term as an American PhysicalSociety counselor-at-large. He works asa consultant to NASA and to MaxwellLabs.During its Bicentennial awards program, the Wells Fargo Bank in San Francisco presented RICHARD WYNNE,AB'47, AM'48, with an $11,000 awardfor his essay, "The Ombudscos." Wynn,a self-employed inventor, proposed ascheme in which private firms wouldcompete for bonuses by resolving citizen complaints in any area of the privateor public sectors.1948WALLACE W. BOOTH, AB'48, MBA, 48,was named a corporation member ofBabson Collège in Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts. He is président and chief executive officer of United Brands Co.ELAINE GERALD GREENSPAN,PhB'48, is working on a book aboutpoetry (see her first offering in thealumni books list), and has published articles in the English Journal, Harper'sWeekly, and Learning. She teaches English in an Albuquerque, New Mexico,high school.EDWARD L. HENRY, AM'48, MBA'48,PhD'55, has been installed as Présidentof St. Michael's Collège, Winooski Park,Vermont. He had been vice président atSaint John's University and président ofSaint Mary's Collège, Notre Dame, In-diana. He is on the executive board ofthe National Catolic Higher EducationAssn., and was mayor of Saint Cloud,Minnesota from 1964 to 1970.MORRIS JANOWITZ, PhD'48, was cited"for Distinguished Civilian Service" bythe Assistant Secretary of the Army inDecember. Many of Janowitz's publications serve as basic texts at military staffcollèges and schools. An expert on thesociology of the military, he is Disting-uished Service Professor in the dept. ofsociology and the Collège at the University.JOSEPH M. WEPMAN, PhD 48, has retired to Palm Springs; he is professoremeritus of behavioral science; (cogni-tion), surgery (otolaryngology) and éducation.1949JOHN I. GOODLAD, PhD'49, has receivedan honorary LLD degree from Pepper-dine University. He is dean at the University of California.1950HERBERT GARFINKEL, AM'50, PhD'56,became the intérim chancellor of theUniversity of Nebraska at Omaha inJanuary. He was previously provost andvice chancellor, and from 1966 to 1972he served as dean of James Madison Collège at Michigan State University.1951BARBARA K. LEWALSKI, AM'51, PhD'56,was named Alumni-Alumnae UniversityProfessor of English at Brown University. She is chairman of Brown's program in Renaissance Studies and is an au-thority on the English poets of the 1 7 thCentury.LOWEL MYERS, MBA'51, was înter-viewed at length in a récent issue of theNewsletter oj the American Hearing Research Foundation in Chicago. He is theonly attorney in the nation who hasspecialized in the légal problems of thedeaf, and he has written the only bookthat exists on the subjectMORTON L. SCHAGRIN, AB'5 1, SB'52,AM'5 3, has received a $23,000 grantfrom the National Science Foundationfor a study entitled "The Pressure ofLight." He will analyze the théories andscientific experiments of men such asIsaac Newton, and the experiments ofPeter Nikolaevich Lebedev, a Russianwho came close to measunng the exactpressure of light in the early 20th century. He is a member of the philosophydepartment at the State University Collège at Fredonia, New York.1952EDWIN M. GEROW, AB'52, PhD 62, theFrank L. Sulzberger Professor of Civili-zations at the University, marriedCheryl Chevis in December. She is adoctoral candidate in the Dept. of SouthAsian Languages and Civilization at theUniversity and will specialize in comparative law. A Sanskrit scholar, Gerowhas been on the faculties of the University of Washington and Columbia University. The former Miss Chevis is a col latéral descendant of Antanas Smetona,first président and last président ofLithuania.1953JEAN MCGUIRE ALLARD, JD'53, hasbeen named to the Board of Directorsof Marshall Field & Co. The first womanon that board, she is a partner in the lawfirm of Sonnenschein, Carlin, Nath &Rosenthal and former vice président ofbusiness and finance at the University.JAMES CRONIN, SM'53, PhD'55, IS arécent récipient of the T. O. LawrenceAward made by the Energy Researchand Development Administration foroutstanding contributions in the field ofatomic energy. The award consists of acitation and $5,000, and is named afterthe inventory of the cyclotron. Cronin isa professor of physics at the University.1954VAHAKN N. DADRIAN, PhD'54, is récipient of a $47,700 National ScienceFoundation grant to pursue archivai research on génocide. He will examine therecords in various European collectionsto détermine the causes and conséquences of the mass killings of Armeniansby the Ottoman Turks during WorldWar I. He is professor of sociology atthe State University Collège atGeneseo, New York.1955NORMAJANEAU SCHULMAN, AB'55, hasbecome a licensed psychologist in NorthPalm Beach, Florida. The Schulmans'son, David, is a first year student at theUniversity.1957PHILIP A. CALABRESE, SB'57, SM'58, wasawarded a Commerce DepartmentSilver Medal for his management of theweather forecast and warning programfor the Meteorological Services Divisionof the Central Région of the NationalWeather Service. He was cited forhis "ability to deal with people in andout of Government in a calm and col-lected manner under the severest ofweather conditions," and for his leadingrôle in mobilizing forces to meetweather crises.1958JOHN H. CHANDLER, DB'58, PhD'63,was appointed fourth président ofScripps Collège, Claremont, Calif. It is afour-year libéral arts collège for women.Chandler was head of Salem Collège andAcademy in Winston-Salem, NorthCarolina.RONALD MATTHIAS, AM'58, PhD'65, has recently become director of the Division for Collège and University Services of the American Lutheran Churchin Minneapolis.1959ROY HUSS, PhD'59, associate professorat Queens Collège of CUNY andpsychotherapist in private practice inNew York City, is founder and editor ofa new interdisciplinary quarterly,Psychocultural Review, which is devotedto psychological interprétations of art,literature, and society.JOSEPH L. SAX, JD'59, received anAmerican Motors Conservation Awardfor his authorship of Michigan's En-vironmental Protection Act, which hasbeen the model for similar législation inother states. He is professor of law atthe University of Michigan.1960BLAIR G. ewing, am'60, was elected toa four-year term on the MontgomeryCo., Md., Board of Education. Addi-tionally, he was named Deputy Directorof the National Institute of Law En-forcement and Criminal Justice, the research arm of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Department ofJustice.1961DAVID NOVAK, AB'61, rabbi of the BethTfiloh Congrégation in Baltimore, hasjust published his third book, Laiv andTheology in Judaism.GEORGE DENNIS O'BRIEN, PhD'61,has been inaugurated président ofBucknell University, Lewisbury, Pa.O'Brien is the twelfth président ofBucknell; he was a former dean of thecollège and former dean of the faculty atMiddlebury Collège in Vermont.MAURICE E. PAUTZ, SB'6l, wasawarded a Commerce DepartmentSilver Medal for management of the National Weather Service's scientific train-ing program at Weather Service Head-quarters in Washington, D.C. He isprincipal assistant at the NationalWeather Service's Forecast Office inDenver, Colorado.1962ROBERT GHELARDI, AM'62, publishedEconomies, Society, and Culture: GodMoney and the New Capitalisai, with De-lacort Press, N.Y. The work "attemptsto transcend both Keynes and Marx."He was a Woodrow Wilson FoundationFellow at the University.NICK MARAVOLO, SB'62, AB'64,PhD'66, is technical advisor to the Wis-consin Dept. of Natural Resources, theEast-Central Wisconsin Régional Planning Commission and the City of Apple-ton Spécial Growth Study Committee.He is also chairman of the biology de-partment at Lawrence University in Ap-pleton.DAVID M. ROTHMAN, JD'62, has beenappointed to the bench at Los AngelesMunicipal Court by Governor EdmondBrown, Jr.1963VICKY MEYER CHAET, BFA'63, mountedan exhibition of her painting at theAlynne Gallery in San Francisco thispast February. She works in oil, crayon,pencil, and acrylic.CHARLIE HUBBS, MBA'63, has beenappointed dean of the National Transportation Accident Investigation Schoolin Washington, D.C. This independentfédéral agency conducts the school forinvestigators of aviation, highway, rail-road, marine and pipeline accidents.1964PETER BENEDICT, am'64, is the SeniorSocial Science Advisor for the Near EastBureau of the Agency for InternationalDevelopment, Washington, D.C. Previ-ously, he worked in a similar capacity forthe Ford Foundation.ROLLAND K. HAUSER, SM'64, PhD'67,professor of physical science at theCalifornia State University, Chico, hasbeen appointed project director of theAerospace Education Services Project.The Project présents programs forNASA in more than 5000 schools eachyear.DIANA LOERCHER, AM'64, marriedEdward Pazicky, Jr. Diana is a featurewriter and art critic for the New YorkBureau of the Christian Science Momtor.Her husband works for the Port Author-ity of New York and New Jersey.STUART G. ROSEN, JD'64, has beenpresented the Army Reserve Compo-nents Achievement Medal. He washonored for his work with the 399thCivil Affairs Group, Army Reserve, during annual training. Major Rosen servesas a légal officer for the 399th.1965KATHARINE P. DARROW, AB'65, hasbeen appointed managing attorney forthe légal department of the New YorkTimes Company. She is responsible forday-to-day supervision of the department' activities.WILLIAM HAARLOW III, MBA'65, hasbeen appointed Vice Président andController of the Chemicals Division,Quaker Oats Co., Chicago. 1966GEMINO H. ABAD, MA'66, PhD'70, hasbeen appointed Secretary of the University of the Philippines and Secretary ofthe Board of Régents. He continues asprofessor of English and comparativeliterature.OSCAR M. ALFONSO, PhD'66, has beennamed Vice Président for Académie Affairs at the University of the Philippines,Quezon City. He is professor of historythere.JOSEPH L. BERGERON, MBA'66, is anéducation and training officer with a unitof the Military Airlift Command, AltusAir Force Base, Oklahoma. He previ-ously served with a reserve officer training corps detachment at SouthwestTexas State University.H. AYRES MOORE, AM'66, has joinedJOHN C. HENDRICKSON, AB'65, in thepractice of law in Chicago. In privatelife, they are husband and wife.1967BRUCE ANDICH, X'67, MD'71, mentionsa 20-month trip around the world "seek-ing truth and beauty, finding dysentery."Six of those months were spent in Bangladesh where he was a fieldepidemiologist in the Smallpox Eradica-tion Program of the World Health Organization.SATISH C. AGARWAL, SM'67, PhD'74,has been appointed assistant professorin the department of physics at the In-dian Institute of Technology, Kanpur.GEORGE A. BECK, AB'67, has been appointed to the position of Hearing Examiner III with the State of Minnesota.The Hearing Examiner Office conductshearings for most state agencies. Beckwas originally a Hearing Examiner forthe Minnesota Department of Commerce.LEON BOTSTEIN, AB'67, wrote "Collège Could be Worth It," a thoughtfularticle which appeared in the December1976 issue of Change. Botstein isAmerica's youngest collège président;he is président of Bard Collège inAnnandale-on-Hudson, New York.DENNIS T. BRENNAN, MA'67, reportsthat his doctoral dissertation in politicalphilosophy received the American Political Science Assn. 1975-76 prize namedin memory of the late Professor LéoStrauss. He was the Robert MaynardHutchins Distinguished Service Professor in the University's dept. of politicalscience from 1949 until his retirementin 1968, and was known world-wide as apolitical philosopher. Brennan adds thathis dissertation "was directly inspired byProfessor Strauss' classes at Chicago." The following ten-year report cornesfrom STEVEN H. EISINGER, AB'67: "Inmy undergraduate years at the U. of C. Iwas surrounded, immersed, by the worstsort of dépression, aliénation, in almosteverybody I knew. The question was,who was going to survive the Chicagoexpérience mentally intact." Readers, hehas made it. He has joined the faculty ofthe University of Rochester MédicalCenter as assistant professor in the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecol-ogy, and Family Medicine.EDWARD G. FINCHER, MBA'67, is afinancial management officer at the AirForce System Command's AeronauticalSystems Division, Wright-Patterson AirForce Base in Ohio.STUART SAVAGE, MBA'67, and SueFlatow were married in July in Vermont.Stuart is vice président and head of thegovernment division of the ProfessionalInstitute of the American ManagementAssociation.1968PETER E. BRUNIAN, AB'68, was appointed assistant professor of psychol-ogy at Grinnel Collège, Iowa. He hadpreviously taught at Marist Collège,N.Y., State University of New York atNew Paltz, Vassar Collège, and CityUniversity of New York (CUNY).ADELE ESKELES GOTTFRIED, AM'68,received a PhD in developmentalpsychology at the graduate school ofthe City University of New York in1975. She was recently appointed assistant professor of educational researchand psychology at Western ConnecticutState Collège.KATHRYN KUHLEN, AM'68, wasprofiled in the Chicago TribuneMagazine on July 18, 1976. After receiv-ing her AM, she worked as a Playboybunny, put herself through law school,and is now a public defender in theJuvénile Court in Chicago.BETTY JO TAFFE, MAT'68, has beenelected to a two-year term in the NewHampshire state législature. She hasbeen a member of the local school boardfor several years and is the currentchairman and member of the executivecommittee of the local supervisoryunion of school districts. WILLIAMTAFFE, SM'67, PhD'68, is an associateprofessor of physics at Plymouth StateCollège, near Rumney N.H. where theTaffes and their two sons live.JAMES K. YARNOLD, PhD'68, has become professor of mathematics at theUniversity of Oxford. He is a memberof the Assn. for Symbolic Logic, theAmerican Mathematical Society, and theMathematical Assn. of America.1969WILLIAM R. BARNETT, AM'69, PflD'76,has accepted an appointment as assistantprofessor of philsophy and religion atAdrian Collège, Adrian, Michigan.JANE GALLOWAY BURESH, AM'69,PhD'72, is administrative director of theChicago Opéra Studio, Inc., an organization which provides a showcase foryoung vocal artists. Ms. Buresh is aformer member of the Opéra StudiosBoard of Directors and has served asprojects coordinator.ANGEL-MARZAL, PhD'69, was namedan Outstanding New Citizen of the Year1976 at the 20th annual Citizenship Daycérémonies in Chicago. Marzal, a nativeof Spain, has been since 1972 chairmanof the Department of Foreign Languagesand Director of the Bilingual Program atthe Central YMCA Community Collègeof Chicago. The program, which hecreated, serves some 600 tull time students.1970ALFRED AMAN JR., JD'70, married CarolJean Greenhouse. Alfred is an associatein the Washington office of the Atlantalaw firm of Sutherland, Asbill & Bren-nan.GERALD F. herman, ab'70, has beenappointed assistant professor ofmeteorology at the University of Wis-consin, and faculty associate at the God-dard Institute for Space Studies in NewYork CityDIANA TEMPLE, MBA'70, andRODNEY PITTS, MBA'70, were marriedlast September in New York where thecouple settled after a wedding trip toFrance. Diana is a gênerai partner andsecurity analyst for the brokerage houseof H. C. Wainwnght and Co., andRodney is associated with the AmericanEuropean Associates, a private învest-ment firm.MICHAEL TESSMAN, AB'70, was or-djined to the Episcopal ministry lastJune. He serves as Curate in the Churchof the Holy Trinity, Middletown, Connecticut, where he and his wite réside.1971MICHAEL W. ALBIN, AM'7l, AM'73, andELAINE KING ALBIN, AM'68, AM'73,hâve left the University of Texas General Libraries. Michael Albin is the newField Director of the Library of Con-gress, Cairo office. They will be in Cairofor three years, and then in Washington,D.C. In Texas, he was head of the Middle Easc Collection, she was inter-libraryservice libranan. They can be reachedthrough the American Embassy m New York City.JOHN BRYANT, AB'71, and VirginiaBlanford are the proud parents of abeautiful daughter, Emma. In their sparetime, John is employed as an advisor inthe Collège, and Ginny is doing graduatework in English as well as working as thestudent ombudsman.ERIC LEE DYER, sm'71, married SusanSpear. Eric received his médical degreefrom Vanderbilt University School ofMedicine in 1976 and is interning atVanderbilt University Hospital. Hiswife is employed with the TennesseeArts Commission.After five years as a reporter for theMiami Herald, CAROLINE HECK, AB'71,has entered Harvard Law School.JEFFREY JAHNS, JD'71, and WILLIAMH. COWAN, JD'71, hâve been made partners in the firm of Roan & Grossman inChicago.WILLIAM LEVITT, JR., PhD'71, chairman of the Wagner Collège art dept.,Staten Island, received a fellowship inprinting at the McDowell Colony lastsummer. The paintings on which heworked, "The 57th Street BeautySéries," were exhibited at the Lotus Gallery in New York City this winter.JOHN PIERCE, SB'71, has been namedassociate in the Casualty Actuarial Society, New York City. The désignationtepresents the successful completion ofsix comprehensive insurance examina-tions.KATHERINE SOFFER, JD'71, marriedMalcom S. Hart. Katherine is presentlya trial attorney with the U.S. Equal Emp-loyment Opportunity Commission inChicago. Her husband is an artist in thedesign department of Rand McNallyCompany in Skokie.PETER TRACE, MD'71, married LaurieHoke last summer in Evanston. Peter isan obstétrical and gynecological résidentat Columbus Hospital in Chicago.1972ZACHARY M. BAKER, AB'72, is assistantlibrarian at the YIVO Institute forJewish Research in New York City. Heis cataloging a collection of Yiddishbooks, many of which are held in noother collection. The goal is the production of a comprehensive union catalogueof Yiddish books held in North American libraries. He says, "I couldn't behappier with the work, which is verymuch down my alley."LYNDA D. BUNDTZEN, PhD'72, hasbeen promoted to associate professor ofEnglish with tenure at Williams Collège,Williamstown, Mass. She was a Dan-forth Fellow, a Woodrow Wilson Fel-low, and a Spécial Humanities Fellow at the University. She is working on apsychoanalytic study of Sylvia Plath andher poetry.CHARLYNN CHAMBERLIN ROBINSON,AM'72, has been appointed assistant professor of psychology at Emory University in Atlanta. She was a récipient of aFord Foundation Fellowship for Doctoral Study, 1971-76.MARTHA JEAN CHERNOV, AM'72,married Kenneth von Kluck last June.Martha is a social worker for the Response Center in Chicago. Her husbandis a lawyer.KENT GATLING, MAT'72, and AnneConklin Ogden were married in June.Kent is a graduate student in spécialéducation at American InternationalCollège and Anne is a teacher. They aremaking their home in Spingfield Massachusetts.MARY M. LINBERGER, am'72, marriedDr. Frederick Merkel last September.Mary and her husband réside in Kenil-worth, Illinois.DAVID M. QUINTIERI, JD'72, hasformed a partnership for the gêneraipractice of law. Quintieri and Merkow isin Scottsdale, Arizona.1973RALPH BRAINARD, MBA'73, marriedJanice Spengler. Ralph is a seniorfinancial analyst in international opérations for Pepsico Inc. and his wife,Janice, is a director of nursing inBridgeport, Connecticut.THOMAS C. LELON, PhD'73, waselected as président of Greek OrthodoxCollège and Theological School in NewYork City. He is the first layman namedto the presidency since the establishment of the institution in 1937 as HolyCross Seminary. Lelon had been theDean of Graduate Programs at BabsonCollège in Wellesley, Massachusetts.OLIVER D. LONG, AB'7 3, has joinedthe John V. Long, AB'49, JD'51, law firmin Washington, D.C.DAVID M. RUBENSTEIN, JD'73, wasappointed Deputy Assistant to the Président of the United States for DomesticAffairs and Policy in February.1974WILLIAM BAUM, MBA'74, and NANCYLAMOND, AM'74, were married in June.Nancy is a librarian in the Lincolnwood,Illinois school system, and William is anaccountant with Arthur Andersen andCompany in Chicago.JEAN ANNE DORNHOEFER, AM'74,married Mark Gromer. Jean, who willretain her maiden name, is continuingher work for a doctorate in English atthe University.THOMAS MARK LEVINE, JD'74, married Susan Floyd. Thomas is a lawyer forthe Pittsburgh firm of Berkman, Rus-lander, Phol, Lieber & Engel.MICHAEL NIELSEN, AM'74, marriedSusan Otzel in October. Michael is a research coordinator with the RégionalTransportation Authority in Chicago.PATRICIA ANN QUINCANNON,MAT'74, married Robert Strohm. Aftera wedding trip to Spain and France, theyhâve made their home in Milwaukee.LINDA SHINABARGER, AM'74, married Tom Decker. Linda is director ofsocial services at Walnut Creek Hospitalin California. Tom is a human resourcesconsultant on the régional staff of Merrill Lynch & Company in San Francisco.1975GEORGE CLARKE, MBA'75, marriedDiane Passerini. The couple are living inBeverly Hills, California where he is afinancial manager-administrator withRockwell International.WALTER DEYERLE, MBA'75, and MARYBETH SOBECK, MBA'76, were marriedlast September. Mary is employed byArthur Anderson of Newark, New Jersey, and Walter works for Exxon.ANITA JARMAN, AB'75, MBA'76, andMARK BRICKELL, AB'74, are married andliving in New York City where she isemployed at City Bank, and he is employed at Morgan Guaranty Trust.HENRY LAMBERT, MBA'7 5, marriedDeborah Ann Dodd. Henry works forthe Harris Trust and Savings and Deborah plans to receive her MBA from theUniversity in June.WARREN G. MOON, PhD'75, is as-sociate professor, with tenure, at theUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison. He isa specialist in ancient painting in the department of art history.1976STEPHEN H. BROWN, SR., AB'76, is amember of a steering committee tostudy the feasibility of hosting the autumn, 1977 meeting of the National Alliance of Neighborhood Governmentsin Chicago.THOMAS FITZPATRICK, JD'76, waschosen "Graduate of the Year" by thePhi Delta Phi international légal frater-nity. He was chosen from Illinois, In-diana, and Wisconsin law school candidates. He is spécial assistant to the président of the American Bar Association.BRIAN HARMONS, AM'76, marriedBonnie Weckwerth. They are makingMadison, Wisconsin their home.LARRY MC MILLIN, JD'76, marriedKatherine Rardin in August.HAROLD ZEIDMAN, AB'76, MBA'76, married Diane Harris. Harold is employed by the public accounting firm ofPeat, Marwick, Mitchell & Company inColumbus, Ohio.Some Récent Books by AlumniDavid H. Stevens, PhDT4, A Time ofHumanities (Recollections of the Director of the Division of the Humanities ofthe Rockefeller Foundation 1930-50,with an essay, "What Are theHumanities?"), Wisconsin Academy ofSciences, Arts and Letters, $5.95(paper).Anna May Jones, PhB'25, Think onthèse Things and Live: A Handbook forMéditation, Guidance and Référence, MissAnna May Jones, 12705 S.E. RiverRoad, Portland Oregon 97222, $3.95(paper, non-profit).Cari Bode, PhB'33, (éd.), The NewMencken Letters, Dial Press, $19-95.Annette Baker Fox (AB '34, PhD' 41),The Politics of Attraction: Four MiddlePowers and the United States, ColumbiaUniversity Press (CUP), $15.00.W. Allen Wallis, X'35, An Over-governed Society, Free Press, $10.00.Charles F. Kraft, DB'36, PhD'37, &Georgia Harkness, Biblical Backgroundsof the Middle East Conflict, AbingdonPress, $7.95.Albert Parry, AB'35, PhD'38, Terrorisai: From Robespierre to Arafat,Vanguard, $17.50.E.B. Porter, AM '70, Nimitz, NavalInstitute Press, $16.95.Yaffa Draznin, AB'43, How to Préparefor Death: A Practical Guide, HawthornBooks, $8.95.June Helm, PhB'44, AM'50, PhD'58,The Indians of California, Indiana University Press.Arthur W. Adamson, PhD'44, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 3rd ed, JohnWiley & Sons (JW), $24.95.Huston Smith, PhD'45, ForgottenTruth: The Primordial Tradition, Harper& Row (H & R), $8.95.Robert J. Weaver, PhD'46, GrapeGrowing, JW, $16.50.Elaine Gerald Greenspan, PhB'48,Understanding Short Stories (for secondary school students), J. Weston Walch.Daniel J. Elazar, AM '57, PhD'59,Community and Polity: The Organiza-tional Dynamics of American Jewry,Jewish Publication Society of America,$12.00.Rita Kramer, AB'48, Maria Montes-sori: A Biography, Putnam, $15.00.Austin Wright, AM'48, PhD'59, TheMorley Mythology (a novel), H & R,$10.95.Léon Hurvitz, AB'49, (trans.), Scrip- ture of the Lotus Blossom of the FineDharma, CUP, $7.00 (paper).Albert L. Weeks, AM'49, The Trou-bled Détente, New York UniversityPress, $10.00.Harry Fisher, AB'50, JD'53, NorthS/ope and Other Poems, Archway Publications, $2.95 (paper).Corinne Katz Hoexter, AM'50, FromCanton to California: The Epie of ChineseImmigration, Four Winds Press, $8.95.Lawrence H. Chapman, PhB'5 1, Electric Shock Prêtent ion Problems inLouisiana: An Individual Citizen' s Studyof a Séries Public Problem (privately produced).P.J. Aldus, PhD5l, Mousetrap: Mean-ing and Structure in Hamlet, Universityof Toronto Press, $15.00.Jérôme L. Rodnitzky, AB'59,MAT'62, Minstrels of the Dawn: TheFolk-Protest Singer As a Cultural Hero,Nelson-Hall, $9-95 & $4.95 (paper).Lois Mandel Libien, AB'60, Super-Economy Housecleaning, William Mor-row, $7.95.Samuel Farber, AB'6l, Révolution andReaction in Cuba: A Political Sociologyfrom Machado to Castro, Wesleyan University Press, $15.95.Alexander Rabinowitch, AM'6l, TheBolsheviks Come to Power: The Révolutionof 1917 m Petrograd, W. W. Norton,$14.95.Théodore Natsoulas, AM'66, TheHellenic Présence in Ethiopia: A Study of aEuropean Minority in Africa,1740-1936, Association of Ethio-Hellenic Studies (Athens & AddisAbaba).Alexei Panshin, AM'66, & Cory Pan-shin, SF in Dimension: A Book of Exploration, Advent, $10.00.Alf Hiltebeitel, AM'66, PhD'73, TheRitual of Battle: Krishna in theMahabharata, Cornell University Press,$19.50.Fitzhugh Mullan, MD'68, WhiteCoat — Clenched Fist, Macmillan, $9-95.James W. Sanders, PhD'70, Educationof an Urban Minority : Catholics inChicago, 1833-1965, Oxford UniversityPress, $13.95.Théodore Berland, AM'72, Rat in g theDiets, 4th ed, Consumer Guide.William P. McLauchlan,JD'72,/fww'-can Légal Processes. JW, $10.95 & $6.95(paper).James G. Hart, PhD'72, & John C.Maraldo (trans. & eds.), The Piety ofThinking: Essays by Martin Heidegger,Indiana University Press, $10.95.Marjorie B. Young, AM'74, & AdamBujack, Journeys to Glory: A Célébrationof the Human Spint, H & R, $10.00 &$5.95 (paper).44In Memoriam1900-1919HARRY HANSEN, PhB '09, author andformer war correspondent for theChicago Daily News died January 2 inNew York City. HELEN RUDD ARNOLD,PhB '10; FRANK K. BARTLETT, PhB TO,SM '13, MD '13, an active civic leader andphysician in Ogden, Utah died October11; ELEAZAR R. BOWIE, SB'10, died July17 in New Orléans; MARY SANBORNCOMPTON, X '11.FLORENCE ECKERT BOSSERMAN, AM'12; HOBART R. HUNTER, SB 12, MD'13, died September 18 in De Land,Florida; RUTH RETICKER, PhB '12;WILLIAM CARLSON SMITH, AM '12, PhD'20, died November 25 in Oregon.MORDECAI WY'ATT JOHNSON, AB '13,who built Howard University from asmall institution into a powerful centerof learning, died Sept. 10. He was 86.ANNA BLAKE, AM 14, taught Latin for40 years to high school students. Shedied Dec. 8 in St. Petersburg, Florida.MAE MERLE KISSICK SWAIN, PhB '14,died in December.LOUSIE DEUPREE, AM'16; CLAUDE W.MITCHELL, MDT6; ADA HART ARLITT,phD'17, professor emeritus at the University of Cincinnati, died in October;EDWARD E. CLAYTON, SM'17, diedDecember 12; RICHARD C. GAMBLE,SB'17, MD'19, who had practiced oph-thalmology in Chicago for thirty years,died December 23.LOREN WILLIAM AVERY, MD'19, professor emeritus of neurology andpsychiatry at Rush-Presbyterian-St.Luke's Médical Center, practicedmedicine until three weeks before his FOR THE RECORDdeath on November 12; ALBERT F.DEGROAT, SB'19, MD'19, the retired director of laboratories at Herman KieferHospital in Détroit, died November 6;JAMES C. HEMPILL, PhBl9, Chicago în-vestment banker and opéra lover, diedin November. He was a generous donorto and active supporter of the LyricOpéra. Mr. Hempill helped earn his waythrough the Collège by organizing andleading jazz bands. HOLLAND ROBERTS,PhB'19, AM'25, a former professor atStanford University, died October 29after a prolonged illness.1920-1929ISRAËL GOODMAN, pfiB'20, formerteacher at the Illinois State Welfare Institute, died December 25; BLANCHERINEHART,AM'20, died October 1;PAUL A. QUAINTANCE, SB'20, MD'23.LEILA LYDON COLNON, PhB'21;PHILIP CONSTANTINIDES, SM'21,PhD'27, retired professor of physics atRoosevelt University, died December29; JOSEPH J. DRUCKER,X'21, served asan Appellate Court judge for Illinoissince 1963, died November 11; MELVINB. PETERSON,MD'21, died December 6;RICHARD STRAUSS, PhB'21, died August16; MARGARET WITHERSPOON, PhB'21,headmistress and teacher of the HallSchool in Pitsfield, Massachusetts, diedJune 13. The school's first Faculty Chairhas been named in her honor for heryears of dedication to the school and toéducation.WILMER A. JENKINS, SB'22, distinguished actuary and insurance expert,died October 6; S. DUFFIELD swan, PhD'22, retired director of researchand development for the Dentist SupplyCompany of York, Pennsylvania, diedOctober 24.KEITH KINDRED, PhB'23, chairman ofthe board and chief executive officer ofConsolidated Foundries, died November 11; ROBERT C. STRANGER,am'23, former président of ElmhurstCollège, died November 2; ALEE MILLER SMITH TOWLES, x'23, died July 14;J. MARVIN WELLER, SB'23, PhD'27, retired professor of geology at the University; MONTA ELDO WING, PhD'23, geol-ogy professor and officiai in the fédéralgovernment, died October 15.FRANCIS LEE ALBERT, X'24, formerminister and Navy chaplin, died September 24; FRED C. N. HEDEBOL,AM'24, died November 3; L. J. HEMMES,PhD'24, former head of the philosophydepartment at Kalamazoo Collège, diedin January; LELAND RUDDELL, SB'24,died October 13. HARRY W. SCHWARTZ,AM'24, for nearly thirty years an executive with C. G. Conn Ltd, world's largestmanufacturer of band and orchestra instruments, died August 27. He wroteThe Story of Musical Instruments: FromShepherd's Pipe to Symphony and Bands ofAmerica: THEODORE VIMMERSTEDT,PhB'24, vetern Démocratie legislator inChautauqua County, New York, diedDecember 12.CLARENCE E. BAUMLE,SB'25, MD'29;HESTER R. DARRES,AM'25, died August29; LAMBERTUS HEKHUIS, DB'25,PhD'25, dean emeritus at Wichita University, died September 24; virgil B.HELTZEL, PhD'25, professor emeritus atNorthwestern University died at hishome in Innsbruck, Austria, early December; WARREN WADE, SM'25, formerchemistry professor, died October 5.G. VICTOR HALLMAN, SM'26; AARONJ. KRAFT, PhB'26; EDWIN PODEWELL,PhB'26, jd'27; Daniel c. RiCH,phB'26,former director of the Art Institute,died October 18; EDITH BRIGHAMSWAN, x'26, civic leader, died after along illness; ELIZABETH ELEY WRIGHT,AM'26, retired professor at Randolph-Macon Woman's Collège, died October14.JOHN C. CLEAVER, X'27; EDITHFRANCES DEADMAN DAILEY, SM'27;LEONARD ETTELSON, JD'27; GWEN-DOLYN COVINGTON LEE, SM'27, AM'47,retired psychiatrie social worker forthe state of Maryland, died November14, ANNA HORTENSE POTTS, AM'27;LEROY STINEBOWER, AM'27; IRIS M.BRANNAGAN, AM'27.JACOB BOETTLER, SM'28; DAISYDELIA BROWN, PhB'28; ANNAJOSEPHINE JAROS GEORGE, SM'28,EDELTRUD S. MILLER, X'28; JOHN A.VANBRUGGEN, PhB'28, AM'33, retiredprofessor at Calvin Collège.LOUIS EVANS, AM'29, died July 20;DERWOODW. LOCKARD, PhB'29, retiredassociate director of the Harvard University Center for Middle EasternStudies, died December 21; SAMUELSELBY, PhD'29; ELIZABETH WISNER,PhD'29, first dean of the Tulane University School of Social Work, died in September. She was awarded the AlumniGold Medal of the School of Social Service Administration of the University in1971.1930-1939AGNES SPOERER LANGNER, PhB'30;DOROTHY GASTON MUSKAT, PhD'30,former head of the Médical BloodChemistry Department at Billings Hospital, died October 31; evelyn zilphaPHELPS, X'30; ROBERT SUTHERLAND,PhD' 30, founding director of the University of Texas Hogg Foundation forMental Health, died November 11.LOUIS G. COWAN, PhB'30, former CBStélévision executive who developed the"$64,000 Question" quiz show, diedNovember 18.DOROTHY J. ROBB, AM'32; MILDREDURBANEK SHOTOLA, SB' 32.ROBERT C. HOWARD, PhB'33, diedMay 26.GEORGE B. LYONS, am'34, died December 28; CHARLES E. OLMSTED, X'34,professor emeritus in the department ofbiology at the University.FRANK O. CULANE, PhB'35; CARLTONM. FALLERT, SB'35; EDWARD L. MURPHY, MD'35.ARTHUR B. CLOSE, AM'36; MARTHAELLEN DAVIS, PhD'36, originator of de-hydration and freezing of fruits and veg-etables, died August 26.HARRIS G. BECK, SB'39; RUTH E.DEFOUW, AM'39, former director of thesocial service department at St. FrancisHospital in Roslyn, New York, diedDecember 19; RUTH marsh, sb'39,sm'42; sarah stewart, PhD' 39, co-discoverer of polyoma tumor virus incancers of animal tissue, died November27; PHILIP CHAPMAN, AM'39, died August 27.1940-1949THOMAS R. HALL, PhD'42, whose careerspanned 25 years of intelligence work inthe Office of Stratégie Serivces and theCIA, died December 3 1 ; WALTER REED,MBA'42; WARREN REEDER, SB'42, well-known Hammond, Indiana realtor andhistorian, died November 30.JULIANNE PLATT BEMSKI, AB'43,AM'47.FRANK HIGGINS, AB'45, JD'49, diedAugust 23; ROBERT V. MOSS, PhD'45,président of the United Church ofChrist, died October 25.JAMES LOUIS BROWNING, X'46, diedJuly 13.SHIRLEY MOSER, AB'47, AM'59, diedDecember 17.JEANNE BREW LEDERMANN, PhB'48,SB'50, SM'51, died August 16 of injuriessustained in an automobile accident.1950-1959MARJORIE FULLMER, AB'50; WALLACEEMMET GIBSON, AM'50; WILLIS H.MILAR, AM'50; WILFRED R. SMITH,AM'50, professor of éducation at EasternMichigan University, died October 21.LEONARD BRENT FOSTER JR., AB'51,JD'54, died August 6.EDWIN COHEN, AB'52, professor ofinternai medicine at University ofMichigan Médical School, diedNovember 23.ISAAC R. H. GNANADASON, AM'56,moderator at the Church of South India,died July 6; BARRY SHERMAN, AB'56died September 7.MARTHA LEYPOLDT, AM'59, died July15.1960-1976D. PAUL FARR, AM'6l.JACK S. CATIN, AB'65, professor ofpsychology at Cornell University, diedthis past year.GORDON HUNT, JD'66, a senior partner in the law firm of Hunt & Biagini,died October 26.LESTER A. STERN, SB'66, died April 4. 45A Fund For BooksWhen you hâve the occasion to honorsomeone ijou love, you want your gift tohe both thoughtful and enduring.A gift of books to the University ofChicago Library will associate both youand the one you honor with the ongoingwork of the University and will serve toenhance the collections of the Library.Each twenty-five dollar gift allows theLibrary to add a book to its collections.For each gift of that amount, the Libraryplaces an inscribed book plate in the bookand sends copies of the plate to the personhonored and to the donor.It is also possible to establish an endowed fund for purchasing books and tomake gifts in one's own name or that of arelative or friend. Détails on thèse oppor-tunities for giving are available from theLibrary's Development Office.Make checks payable to:The University of Chicago LibraryMail to: The Director of DevelopmentThe Joseph Regenstein Library1100 East 57 StreetChicago, Illinois 60637I enclose $ for books.Gift in honor of Address City State Zip Donor Address City States Zip 46 Kabibonokka) to me.LETTERS TO THE EDITORThe British History ClubThis British History Club, when I wasinvolved in it, met regularly from 1962to 1965 at the homes or apartments ofits members under the witty, deft, andscholarly tutelage of Professor JohnClive, Professor Larkin's predecessor.The meetings of the club regularly in-cluded the présentation of a scholarlypaper, a question and answer period,and the imbibing of much port. Ailthose who participated were regularlyedified and warmed by the expérience. Iam sure that alumni of the club and ofthe University of Chicago such as CeilZinberg, Woody Imberman, MartyYanuck and Jim Rosenbloom recallthose delightful gatherings as much as Ido. It should also be pointed out thatthose among us who had not beenaround as long as Ms. Zinberg and Mr.Yanuck were frequently told by themthat the club dated even further back tothe period when the eminent CharlesLoch Mowat taught British History atthe University.Congratulations to the présent BritishHistory Club for continuing a glonousand hallowed tradition.Gary M. Waldo, PhD '69Roanoke, VirginiaRobert Persig?I am an alumnus who may one day befilthy rich enough to be able to sendregular checks to my dear aima mater.I will never do so as long as thèse jocu-lar jockey jumblebrained pimpings ofathletic rah-rah-ism continue to appearin our Magazine. Reread your Jock- speak; not only is it mindless but sexistas well. Where is your quality.'' MustRobert Persig rest unchallenged?We await your sincère reply.Patrick J. Cooper, AB 10Minneapolis, MinnesotaSaint Boreas?In my "70 Years of the Dept. of Geol-ogy, U. of C," (1963) I show this octagonal Tower of the Winds on Plate 6and describe it on p. 28. At the time Iwrote the book I was so darn busy(being retired as Professor Emeritus)that I couldn't do more work on thesculptures of the four winds. Moreoverat that time I had never been to Greece,but had assumed that the RosenwaldTower was fashioned after the octagonalTower of the Winds (horlogion) in theold Roman Agora of Athens that datesfrom ca. one century B.C. When I got toAthens in March 1962 and photo-graphed the tower there, I was surprisedto find how différent the symbols were.Thus Boreas was "a bearded man with asurly air muffled in heavy clothes pre-paring to blow into a conch shell" (p.146 of Hachettes Athens, 1962). InAthens the eight winds are on the sidesof the octagon. On the Rosenwald toweronly four winds are depicted and thèsejut from the "corners" (edges) and thuspoint 221/2° off from the cardinal directions.1 would guess your picture shows amonk on the Theology building lookinghard to see something — heaven, God,the Star of Bethlehem? This does notlook like the tierce Boreas (or even Dr. Jérôme Fisher, SB '1 7, SM '20, PhD'22 Phoenix, ArizonaWe agrée that Rosenwald's Boreas doesnot look very old, but we are sure he isBoreas. The Officiai Guide to the campus (1928) says there are "eight gar-goyles, four of which represent thewinds (Boreas, Notus, Eurus, andZephyrus), and four of which are birdsemblematic of the aerial realm: theduck, the eagle, the albatross, thecondor." — Ed.Our Writers ReviewedWhoever wrote the essay on this page(the Cover Note) has a facile pen andshould be retained on your staff. He orshe is a much better writer than the lasttwo of the featured contributors in thisissue (Winter 1976). The définition of ascholar is weak and fallacious, and thediscussion of scholarship is inadéquate.How much better Ronald S. Crâne,John M. Manly, or Paul Shorey wouldhâve handled the subject. And anotherwriter, attempting the facetious, man-ages to trivialize the whole Ph.D. program in the literary and historical subjects. The Oral Exam is not the chiefhurdle. It is the doctoral dissertation.Perhaps some day I shall send you acontribution. I don't suppose there isany hurry about it. I am only 78.G. T. Buckley, PhD '31 MississippiCertainlyThe last issue of the alumni Magazinefor 1976 carried an offer, by one of youradvertisers, for a necktie patterned withthe University Seal. I meant to send forthe item but the Magazine was tossedout before I made a note of the address.I would appreciate receiving a copy ofthe advertisement or the advertiser'saddress and the price of the tie.Ingrid DunneRossmoore, CaliforniaThe University of Chicago tie is madeby WM. M. FRAZIN CO, 25 EastWashington, Chicago 60602. Ties areavailable in maroon or navy for $8 plus$1 postage. (Illinois résidents must add5rr sales tax.) — Ed.Thank YouMy wife and other close friends, asalumni of other schools, receive theirrespective alumni magazines. Smilingfaces, sports trophies, a line of smilingtrustées, Linda Zonik had twins withCri-du chat syndrom. . . .You send us ideas, concepts— nostalgie perhaps, but each publication (is) like (a) snippet from our syllabiof yore. I read thèse pages and feel Ihâve yet to finish (my) Chicago éducation.Gerald Holmquist, SB '64, SM '67Houston, TexasThanks for the good word. Of course,we do hope we can bring news of anoccasional sports trophy and we cer-tainly welcome news of even singlebirths for our "Class Notes" section,but we are glad our readers appreciatethoughtful articles too. — Ed.Hard QuestionsI read with great interest the Autumn,1976 issue of the University of ChicagoMagazine and, among other responses, Iseriously considered the idea of sharingmy resources with the University via theAlumni Fund. In other years, I wouldsimply hâve raised the question, "Howmuch can I really afford to give?" I knowthat, as an individual, I hâve benefitedgreatly from my expériences at the University of Chicago.But today other questions arise: Howmuch does the University really needmy money in contrast to institutionssuch as Provident Hospital and the National Association for the Advancementof Colored People, institutions that arestruggling for survival? To what extenthas the University seriously addresseditself to eradicating the racism that is sopervasive in American society?The record, as I see it, must inevitablylead to the conclusion that we hâve notcome so far, after ail. As an undergraduate at the University, I had to jointhe Negro Student Club in order to "be-long" to any campus group. There weretwenty-six of us. Today, as a facultymember of the City Collèges ofChicago, I helped to create the UnitedBlack Staff of Olive-Harvey Collège inan attempt to insure the survival of myyoung brothers and sisters who were notborn when I graduated from the U. of C.in 1942. In the Daily News of October6, 1976, it is reported that ChancellorShabat indicated that "it may becomenecessary to lay off some faculty members if a décline in enrollment is not re-versed by the Spring term." Guess whowill be fired!In 1970, at Southeast Collège, therewere 16 Black faculty members. Today, at Olive-Harvey Collège (created whenthe Southeast and Fenger Campusesmerged) the student body is 89r7 Black.The faculty is roughly 65% White. Ofan approximate total of 160 facultymembers in 1976, roughly 50 are Black.The action suggested by the Chancellor,as a possibility, would cost the jobs of atleast ten full-time faculty members.Thèse are Black people, young peoplewho hâve "beat the odds," so to speak,and become tenured faculty members inthe City Collège System. What a pitythat after December 18, 1976, they mayjoin the great army of the unemployed.My question is "What is happening toBlack students at the University ofChicago in 1976? To what extent is theUniversity admitting Black students andnurturing them, if need be, so that theycan return to their communities andbring enlightenment to the masses?What will Woodlawn look like in the future?"Givendolyn Roddy Ferguson, AB '42, AM'44 Chicago, IllinoisMs. Ferguson's thoughtful letter hasbeen answered privately by one of theofficers of the University. — Ed.Secretly CrossI am in receipt of a communication froma Dr. David Breithaupt, MD, San José,California, in référence to my essay,"Scholarship as a Vocation". He writes(in part):"You stated, 'A scholar may not beable to write, but he must be able tospell.' Also you wrote, 'Trivia is really aperverse parody of scholarship, becausein Trivia the players delight in the possession of knowledge which they ailagrée to be utterly worthless.'"I must point out to you, therefore,with perverse and scholarly glee, thatyou misspelled Bobby THOMSON'sname! (If I am not mistaken, HenryThompson did not bat in that trivialaden ninth.)"Steve Kane, of the University ofChicago School of Business, also pointsout to me that the phrase "the last of ourheroisms" which I attribute to Weber, isattributed by Weber to Carlyle.Mrs. Ruth Schroth of Pentwater,Michigan, points out that in Mo temporecame out in the article as in Me tempore.I am sure you will be eager to publishthèse necessary corrections, and I ampublicly grateful (although secretlycross) that they hâve been called to myattention.The question is: what does ail this prove about whom? (c. 1000 words,write on only one side of the paper, youhâve three hours).James Redfield, AB '54, PhD '61Committee on Social ThoughtPhoenixesI hâve just hnished reading the Winter1976 issue of the University of ChicagoMagazine which I felt was more thanusually enjoyable.However, one small item puzzles me.Why is the University symbol, or crest,or logo, or whatever, at the top of page 1différent from the one at the top of page2. The printing above the bird on theone on page 2 is difficult to read, butwith "VITA" at the end, it is surely différent from the one on page 1.Whatever the reason, I shall look for-ward to the Spring 1977 issue.Herman Wolfson, SB '49, MD 33Newington, ConnecticutThe shield on p. 2 is the University'sseal. It was adopted in 1910 and repro-duced in many places in Harper Library,which was then being built. The seal onp. 2 is a photograph of the seal as it appears in stone in the stairway in theWest Tower of Harper. Evidently, University officiais were, at the time ofHarper's construction, as yet so unfamil-iar with the new seal that they failed tonotice the mistake. For the record, theUniversity's coat-of-arm is: "argent, aphoenix displayed gules, langued azuré,in flame proper. On a chief gules, a bookexpanded proper, edged and bound or.On dexter page of book the words, Cres-cat Scientia, inscribed, 3 Unes in pessesable. On sinister page the words, VitaExolatur, inscribed, 3 lines in pessesable." (Officiai Guide, 1916, p. 124) Onthe next page, the Guide translates themotto this way:Let knowledge grow from more tomore;And so be human life enriched.— Ed.Picture CréditsThe Alfred and David Smart Gallery:pp. 16, 17; The Office of Public Information: p. 5 (top right); The OrientalInstitute: pp. 20, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28; TheUniversity of Chicago Archives: pp. 7,8, 11 (top); Paula S. Ausick: pp. 3, 5 (topleft, bottom), 33; Eric Futran: mastheadpictures; Marc Pokempner: pp. 12, 13;V. Weisman: p. 12 (bottom).Time is running out . . .butthe answeris closeat hand.The 1976-77Alumni Fundyear endsJune 30.Becomeone of theUniversity'sproblem sol vers.SUPPORT THE ALUMNI FUNDUniversity of Chicago Alumni Fund5757 South Woodlawn AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637I• ¦ing to freeze tire «self spring because theyation. Heci c- f hebreezes. You will see a lot of r-' F -ne west < on ourR'ho nulled hi- chîirii it • Ôower named for him. This hanker-: after Hyacinth touche-ci iïï kinds ;;1'