? I i 3THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEVOLUME LXIXNUMBER 2WINTER 1976THE UNIVERSITYOF CHICAGOMAGAZINEVolume LXIX, Number 2,Winter 1976Alumni Association5733 South University AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637(312) 753-2175Président: Charles W. Boand (LLB'33,MBA'57)Acting Director: Ruth HalloranProgram Director: Gwen WitsamanRégional Offices1888 Century Park East, Suite 222Los Angeles, California 90067(213) 277-7727825 Third Avenue, Suite 1030New York, New York 10022(212) 935-19771000 Chestnut Street, Apt. 7DSan Francisco, California 94109(415) 928-0337735 Fairfax StreetAlexandria, Virginia 22314(709) 549-3800Second-class postage paid at Chicago, Illinois, and at additional mailing offices.Copyright 1976 by The University ofChicago. Published quarterly Spring, SummerFall, and Winter under the auspices othe Vice-Président for Public Affairs. CONTENTSOn the Midway 2Scholarship as a Vocation 6James RedfieldNot Big Time, But Better Times 1 2Fear ot Failing 18Mark R. HorowitzThe Quest for Prehistory 20The Tuti-Nama 24Daniel J. EhnbomWhatever Has Become of the "ChicagoSchool"? 28Cesare SegreNostalgia, 1937-38 30Postcard from Olympus 31Alumni News 37Class Notes 38For the Record 46Letters to the Editor 48Cover Note 49Editor: Iris M. PoliskiAssistant to the Editor: Bill Murphyt Editorial Assistant; Jennie LightnerDesign and Layout: Irène MacauleyON THE MIDWAY tw WÏM-'MwMm,~^^<,The New LookWith this issue, the Magazine has a neweditor, a new design, a second news section, and a new department. Thetypeface and layout hâve been changed.The various sections of the Magazine aremarked with symbols familiar to anyonewho has spent time on the Universitycampus — the stone faces and gargoylesof bible, history, and myth, which adornmany of the buildings of the main Quad-rangle.The news section is arranged by topic.The faculty now hâve a section of theirown. The historical page reproducesitems of gênerai interest trom a particu-lar year in the University's past — fromthe Pbnenix. the Maroon, and other occa-sional University publications. The newsof alumni and its association will alwaysbe found in a separate section before theClassnotes.A new section, "For the Record," willlist marriages, births, and deaths. Pleasekeep us intormed of thèse events. Mue hof our information cornes from thethoughtful contribution of the alumni;other information trom newspapers andpress clippings. There are masses of in-teresting inlormation that we never see,and would be eager to receive.There will be a change in the mailingdates for the Magazine after this, theWinter \9~(i, issue. The next four issueswill be mailed dunng the hrst week ofMay, the hrst week of August, the thirdweek of October, and the second weekof December. Thèse dates are arrangedso that news can be gathered dunngeach University quarter and so that theMagazine will arrive in the middle ot thetollowing quarter.Such a division more accuratelyreflects the l'niversitv's schedule. It al-lows us make the Magaz/ne more cur-re n t . KentuckianaIn November, the Library's Departmentof Spécial Collections opened an exhibitentitled, "Kentucky and theRevolutionary Era." It is based on thehistorical materials acquired from thelibrary of Reuben T. Durrett(1824-1913), a Louisville lawyer whodevoted much of his lite to collectinghistorical material about his native Kentucky. The Library acquired his collection during the last year of his life for522,500 and spent another S 1,500 toship it back to Chicago — in 287 largecrates. At the time it was acquired, thecollection consisted ot 30,000 volumesplus 2,800 holographs (original hand-written documents), 50,000 pages oftranscripts of original manuscripts, andthe more-or-less-complete runs of 245newspapers. The Collection is especiallyrich in material îllustrating the history ofKentucky and the Ohio River Valleyfrom 1750 to 1830. It was the firstmajor collection of American historicalmanuscripts acquired by the University, and, so far as can be ascertained, this isthe first exhibit to be based on it.After the Collection was acquired, ittook the Library staff seven years(1913-20) to clean, repair, rebind, andcatalogue its contents. In 1914, the Library acquired another collection ofKentucky newspapers and books, and itwas integrated with the Durrett Collection. For many years, the Collection re-mained in the state to which it wasbrought by 1920: the manuscripts com-prised one collection, were bound to-gether in books, and were consulted bymeans of a card catalogue. By themid-1960s, however, it had becomeclear that a reorganization was necessaryin order to make the Collection moreeasily accessible to scholars. Some repairwork was needed, too: the Library's firstmountings and bindings had been donewhen much less was known about man-uscript préservation. (The paper onwhich the mountings had been done, forinstance, had too high an acid contentand tended to cause the manuscriptsthemselves to deteriorate. Thèse days,manuscripts are stored in acid-free fol-ders and boxes.) Many of the manuscripts were removed from their bindings and grouped into smaller, cohérent"sub-collections." The organization ofthèse sub-collections allows present-dayscholars to consult the materials of theoriginal Collection much moreefficiently.The exhibit includes books, papers,newspapers, and maps illustrating theearly years of Kentucky's history. William T. Hutchinson, Preston and Sterling Morton Professor Emeritus ot History, has written the catalogue; it includes both a short history of the Collection itself and a sketch of Kentucky'shistory. The exhibit will continuethrough February.Reuben T. Durrett.Imaginary Wars andVictorian Sheet MusicBesides the enormous collection ofKentuckiana displayed by the SpécialCollections Department of the Regen-stein Library, two smaller exhibits arescheduled concurrently."Imaginary Wars" is an exhibit of agroup of novels written just prior to theFirst World War, describing fictionalwars with Germany and Oriental invasions of the Western Hémisphère. Asample: The Battle of Dorking; Réminiscences of a Volunteer (1871) is the first,and is told in flashback form. The volunteer describes the battle south of Lon-don where the German army defeatedthe British, occupied England, andended the British Empire.A.D. 2000; or a Woman's Destiny(1890) is the only imaginary war novelto emphasize equality of the sexes. (Thewar is one between the U.S. andCanada.) Ange/ of the Révolution: A Taieof the Corning Terror (1894) involves afight between an Anglo-Saxon fédération and the Russian Empire. The turn-ing point in the story is the aid given tothe démocratie armies by an expatriotRussian who has invented a superior air-ship.An American Emperor (1897) dealswith the world's richest man (âge 26),the power of capitalism over décadentEurope, and the advantages of a sensibleAmerican girl over the female heir tothe French throne.Ail the books are from the Uni-versity's Library collection and will be onview in December and January.In February, an exhibit of Victoriansheet music opens. Popular songs fromnineteenth-century England, includingmusic hall songs, ballads, and musicdramas will be on display. One particu-larly delightful example is the one pic-MY WIFE ffiS#M»THE SHAKEJ1S, tured on thèse pages, "My Wife HasJoined the Shakers." The refrain runs asfollows:Oh, my cruel wite, to me she's beenunkind,Oh, my cruel wife, I never more shallfind;Oh, my naughty wife, on my heart she'sleft a load,Since she's been and joined the ShakersIn the Walworth Road.The Campaign for Chicago:A Progress ReportThe Campaign for Chicago, which has asits objective the raising of $280 millionfor ail phases of the University's futureopérations, has achieved .463 of its totalgoal.Contributions for unrestricted funds,student aid, académie programs, the library and junior faculty developmenttotal $39,260,578, just over half the $78million goal for those areas.Endowment funds for faculty support,student aid, the program, and the librarytotal $24,331,885, 20 percent of thehoped-for total of $121 million.For University, science library, andmédical center facilities, $81 million ishoped for; $28,393,342 has been con-tributed, .351 of the goal.A total of $37,727,267 has been con-tributed for living trusts and annuities,to-be-designated funds, and restrictedacadémie purposes.Foundations, corporations, associations, and groups hâve contributed$64,019,650; alumni and non-alumnihâve contributed $44,444,144, and be-quests and life incomes totaling$21,249,278 hâve been contributed.The Campaign for Chicago beganofficially in July 1974.JJojmDn' ILmnir Simq.fred'a'lbert, j.W.ROWLEY. Sprucing Up the LibraryThis autumn, the sound of jackhammersechoed through Regenstein Library.The noise, plastic draperies and détoursigns were generated by spot rénovationand repair in the building.The carpeting, worn threadbare byscholars' feet, was replaced by terrazzofloors. The canteen facilities hâve beenexpanded, though the vending machinesremain the same. And additional glassand oak partitions hâve been added tothe first floor.One of the Library's most faithfulusers, after picking his way through plastic partitions, reported from the fourthfloor that on one of the "Stairway to theBookstacks" signs, a wag had crossedout "Bookstacks" and written"Heaven."Ho Ho!The Chicago Festival of Comedy, whichrolled into the campus in October,brought Chicago and University ofChicago comedians back to the campusfor three weeks of satire, improvisa-tional theater, spoof, and gênerai hilar-ity.Crowds jammed Mandel Hall for thereunion of the Compass Players, thatbusy group which later formed the Second City Acting company. An exact rep-lica of the old Compass bar on 55thStreet was built in Cobb Halls BergmanGallery. The art and amusement sections of the local papers took the oppor-tunity to explore, analyze, speculate andeditorialize over Chicago — the city andthe University — as a breeding groundfor the kind of intelligent, improvisa-tional comedy that has become famous.Not to be left out, the New YorkTimes sent critic Mel Gussow to observeFrUif,OetobvCOMEDYand interview the Second City andCompass Players.The University alumni who appearedduring the Festival were Bill Alton (AB'51) and Roger Bowen, Severn Darden,Andrew Duncan, Bernie Sahlins, PaulSills, and Eugène Troobnick, ail ofwhom attended classes in the Collège.Films of Mike Nichols and Elaine Maywere shown during the Festival; both attended classes in the Collège, thoughElaine May was not a registered student.Comedy buffs, both on and off thecampus, took the opportunity to telleach other the Severn Darden in theRockefeller Chapel story.Though there are two versions, themost prévalent one has it that Darden(who sported a long black cape in thosedays) was entertaining a young lady atthe Rockefeller Chapel organ late oneevening. A security guard, alerted by theSound of toccata and fugue, rushed inand ordered Darden to stop. Dardenfled, cape billowing, into the chapelaisles. The guard gave chase. Flapping inand out of apse anu transept, with theguard in pursuit, Darden finally flunghimself on the altar and cried, "Sanc-tuary!"The guard, much impressed, leftquietly.France Sends a Week of ArtFrom Oct. 22 to Oct. 28, the Frenchgovernment sponsored a week of Frenchcontemporary art at the University, incélébration of the American Bicenten-nial. Included were plays, films, lectures,music, photography, and télévisiondocumentaries.Peter Brooke's play, The Ik, based on astudy ot a dying tribe by anthropologistColin Turnbull, was produced in BartlettGym. A musical play, Pavillon, based onan ancient Chinese legend and per-formed in French, attracted a largeaudience in Mandel Hall. Colin Turnbulllectured during the week as did Pavillonplaywright Betsy Jolas and Alain Robbe-Grillet, novelist, literary crinc, and film-maker.Jacques Mercier conducted MusiqueVivante, a twenty-two-member musicensemble, and the Bergman Galleryclosed the Chicago Comedy exhibit andquickly opened an exhibit of Frenchphotographie works.A third theatrical production wasscheduled, but it was in the nature of aspontaneous theater pièce, based in parton the place where played. Thus, atpress time, a group of actors andadresses were prowling about the campus, looking for an area with appropriate vibrations, and room for an audience.Karl Weintraub, Dean of the Divisionot the Humanities, gave a dinner inhonor of the French ContemporaryArts Festival and Alain Robbe-Grillet.The dinner was tollowed by a performance of "Le Pavillon au bord de larivière," by Le Théâtre de Gennevilliers.Maroon to be FilmedThe Maroon will be saved tor posterity,according to Albert M. Tannler of theUniversity Archives. The University hasreceived, through the Maroon itself, agift of $1,200 to begin filming the student newspaper and its two predeces-sors, the University News and the University Weekly. Filming will begin withthe Maroon because it is in worse shapethan the News and Weekly, which wereprinted on better quality paper. Thevolumes of the Maroon which will be puton microfilm cover the years 1901 to1969; since 1969 it has been filmed onan ongoing basis, as part of the Library'ssériais filming program. Mr. Tannlerhopes that the "hard copies" of thepaper can be preserved after they hâvebeen unbound for filming, but he ex-plains that there is some doubt aboutthis because the pages are already de-tenorating badly. (The cost of treatingthe paper to remove the corroding acidwhich is causing the problem would be"prohibitive," he says.)The second phase of the Maroon's planis a subject index to the paper. In Mr.Tannler's opinion, such an index is abso-lutely essential if the filmed material isto be readily available to scholars in-terested in the University's history, buthe emphasizes that the Maroon has already taken an important step by havingthe old volumes filmed. "Gifts like theMaroon's are particularly helpful," heexplains, "because the Library cannotusually pay for restorative work in theArchives outside of the regular budget." Basketball Team to Travel to West CoastIn December, the basketball team willmake its first trip in many years to theWest Coast. It will visit three Washington cities for games at the University ofPuget Sound (Tacoma), Seattle PacificCollège (Seattle), and St. Martin's Collège (Olympia). The game with PugetSound will be a particularly challengingone; that University was ranked at thetop of the NCAA's Division II last year,and Chicago is a Division III team. Ailgames will begin at 8 p. m. local time.Deeper into News"Context," a 30-minute news show produced by the University's Office ofRadio and Télévision, taps faculty expertise on a variety of current newsstories. Designed to provide additionalinformation (and a différent angle) onnews topics covered by national média,the first show aired on WAIT, 7:30 a.m.,Sunday, October 3.Aristide Zolberg, Political ScienceProfessor, discussed Rhodesia; RobertZ. Aliber, Professor in the GraduateSchool of Business, commented on theéconomie index; Franklin E. Zimring,Director of the Center for Studies inCriminal Justice at the Law School,elaborated on Président Ford's Law andOrder policies. Norman Nie, AssociateProfessor in the Department of PoliticalScience, provided background on theprogress of the presidential campaign;and James Shapiro, Assistant Professorin the Department of Microbiology, ex-plained controversy over genetic re-search.The anchorman for the taped séries isJim Ruddle, newseaster with WTTW,Channel 11, Chicago's educational télévision station. The program is designedso that participating stations can runsingle segments or the entire show. Theprogram is being offered to stationsthroughout the country.The 1916 Maroon staff.British History ClubOn Saturday, September 18, the his-torian Christopher Hill, Master of Bal-liol Collège, Oxford, addressed theBritish History Club's first meeting ofthe year. Fifty-four membersattended — on a Saturday evening twoweeks before classes met — to hear Professor Hill talk about "Milton and Radical Politics." Emphasizing that Milton'sbeliefs about the life of the soûl (that itdied with the body until it rose again atthe Last Judgment) led him to be espe-cially concerned with Providencesworking in this world, Professor Hilldiscussed the tension between Milton'sreligious and political radicalism and hisbelief in Providence. In Professor Hillsview, one of Milton's purposes in writ-ing Paradise Lost was to reconcile hisProvidential view of things with the de-feat of that English radicalism which wasmanifested in the Puritan Republic, androuted by the Restoration of the Monar-chy.The student-run British History Clubmeets four or five times each year tohear and discuss papers dealing with thehistory of the British Isles. In récentyears, the Club has heard from University faculty members from the depart-ments of literature, économies,philosophy, statistics, history and churchhistory, as well as from guest speakersfrom other universities. The same format is always observed: the présentationof the evening's paper is followed by abreak for béer (always Old Chicago— the Club faithfully recognizes its or-igins), soft drinks and conversation, andthe evening is concluded with aquestion-answer session. The atmosphère is friendly and informai, at leastpartly because the meetings take placein members' homes. (Both faculty andstudent members act as hosts.) The Clubwas founded ten years ago by EmmetLarkin, Professor of British and IrishHistory, and he continues to act asGuardian Angel, often feting guestspeakers at his home before the meetings.On November 18, Donald McClos-key, Associate Professor in Economiesand the Collège, spoke on the enclosureof English open fields from the MiddleAges to the eighteenth century.Later in the year, says student Président John Cash, it expects to hear fromWilliam Veeder, Associate Professor inEnglish and the Collège, on women inVictorian England and from RobertRosenthal, Curator of Spécial Collections in the Joseph Regenstein Library,on the development of English historyresources in American libraries. :'..,j • t'vr - <„' ' V j ¦' ScoreboardFootball (M)Chicago 25 St. Ambrose 24Chicago 56 Marquette 1 4Chicago 20 Beloit 35Chicago 9 Lake Forest 6Chicago 8 Lawrence 24Chicago 0 Ripon 48Chicago 24 Loras 20Chicago 18 Carleton 40(Conférence Playoff)Tennis (F)North Central Collège Invitational2nd of 13 teamsChicago 2 Northwestern 7IAIAW Small Collège Championships:lst of 16 teamsChicago 8 North Central 1Chicago 6 Wheaton 3Chicago 6 North Park 3Chicago 9 DePaul 0Cross Country (M)9 won, 7 lostGolf (M) 3 won, 9 lostField Hockey (F) 1 won, 9 lost,none tiedSoccer (M) 0 won, 10 lost,Volleyball (F) 13 won, 11 lost4th of 16 in stateMidwest Conférence Standings:Cross Country 3rd of 10 teamsFootball lOth of 11 teamsGolf 5th of 8 teamsScholarshipas aVocationJames Redfield I intend to state a question, a question which has puz-zled me for twenty years. The question may be phrasedthis way; What are scholars for? My title is of course anallusion to Max Weber; the allusion will become cleareras I go along. I intend a somewhat light-hearted state-ment and shall take some liberties with the material;falsifying counter-instances will spring to mind as I passfrom one sweeping generality to the next. As one of mycolleagues used to say: I can now make my point if youwill allow me to invent my facts.The scholar (and I am now of course not speakingof anyone in particular but of an idéal type) I define asone who has studied much, and who retains what he hasstudied. He is thus unique among the figures of theacademy in that he is defined not by his output, but byhis input. In order to be great scholar it is not necessaryto hâve discovered or invented anything, it is not necessary to write or to teach or even to be able to write andto teach. The scholar, qua scholar, does not process hismaterial; he consumes it. He hoards up within himself agreat wealth of knowledge, and what use he or anyoneelse may make of it is secondary.We must add that scholarly knowledge is detailedknowledge, or rather knowledge of détail. The scholarhas no need of gênerai ideas — indeed, he may avoidthem as an obstacle to his work. The scholar insteadknows the answer to innumerable particular questions:What is the Oscan name of Zeus? What half-rhymes arepermitted in the Sicilian sonnet? How many bookscomposed the lost history of Timaeus of Tauromenium?The scholar must learn the rules, but his spécial plea-sure is the exceptions, the irregularities, the things whichcould as well hâve been otherwise but (it happens) aresuch-a-way. A scholar may not be able to write, but hemust be able to spell. Scholars need not be boring; manyof them are entrancing company, but the charm of theirconversation consists in the apt application of détail:You will find a similar instance in such-a-place, they tellus, or: That is very like the anecdote of so-and-so.Scholarship is thus not a branch of science, but israther in contrast to science (although the same manmay be both scholar and scientist). The scientist collectsthe instances for the sake of the rule; the scholar collectsthe instances for their own sake, and the rule is only aguide to memory; it summarizes the instances to whichno spécial attention need be paid.It is also true that in practice the scholar is judged notby what he knows, but by what he does not know. He isexpected to know every détail of his chosen field. Toknow Greek, for instance, is to hâve at one's fingertipsthe five thousand rules and the fifty thousand exceptionsof grammar, syntax, idiom, the lexicon, metrics — andthe scholar does not forgive himself any. It is shamingnot to know the answer, and even more shaming tomake an error — and other scholars always lie in wait. Ascholarly review may consist of no more than a compilation of misprints, false références, and small technicalerrors — and if the list runs more than half a column thebook has been demolished. No wonder many greatscholars hâve published little.From this point of view scholarship is in contrast topoetry. The poets, said Yeats, hâve created nearly ev-erything beautiful because providence has put intothem the spirit of recklessness. We forgive the poet hisabsurdities for the sake of his occasional great stroke.The scholar's work is no better than his single worsterror. Since to err is human, to forgive, unscholarly— and since, man being mortal, no field can ever bemastered — the scholar is engaged in a lifelong strugglewith himself. I learned long ago that the field of Greekstudies is largely — I would like to say entirely— populated by persons who are deathly afraid, at somelevel, that the fact will be exposed that they do not, afterail, really know Greek.The ethic of scholarship is thus not an ethic of creativ-ity but of purity. Like ail purity-ethics, it is défensive.The scholar continually aims to perfect himself against astandard which, as his sensé of the standard itself be-comes continually more refined, continually éludes him.Scholarship, described in this gênerai way, is an activ-ity which can find a place in a great variety of fields.Strictly speaking the scholar cannot be concerned withthe world, for the world is something only partly andopaquely known to us — and a scholar must be able togive an absolutely correct answer. In this sensé scholarship must be concerned with objects which are com-pletely knowable, that is, with texts. On the other handthe world may, through the process of science, be re-duced or partly reduced to a kind of text. I would think,for example, that the ability to recognize species accord-ing to some previously constituted taxonomy is a kindof scholarly knowledge. Similarly there is scholarlyknowledge in the law, in history, perhaps even inmedicine. But we think of scholarship primarily in relation to literary texts.Hère again we must^remind ourselves that the schol-ar, qini scholar, is not concerned with the meaning oftexts (although scholarship may be brought to bear tosolve a question of meaning). The meaning of a text,like the truth about the world, is never really known tous, but scholarship is the ability to give perfect answersto particular questions. We hâve ail known great scholars who were singularly obtuse about the meaning of thetexts the)' studied. The deepest scholarly knowledge is aknowledge of surfaces.Scholarship and TriviaSo defined scholarship may seem a version of thewell-known game of Trivia: who was on base whenBobby Thompson hit his pennant-winning home run?But Trivia is really a perverse parody of scholarship,because in Trivia the players delight in the possession ofknowledge which they ail agrée to be utterly worthless.Scholarship, by contrast, can only properly be applied toworthy objects; although scholarship per se cannot reachquestions of meaning, there must be some meaning inthe texts which dignifies the scholarly knowledge ofthem. There is thus an intrinsic (although obscure andcomplex) link between the idea of scholarship and theidea of the classic. I shall return to this point.The scholar may seem trivial in another sensé, just awalking référence book. Although a good scholarequipped with a téléphone is a singularly convenientkind of référence, the character of his knowledge isreally quite différent from that available to us in, say, adictionary. The scholar's knowledge is not systematized;ail the items are, as it were, in suspension, linked to-gether, not like the bits stored in a computer, but likethe cells in the brain. Scholarly thinking is by naturefree-associative, and the charm of the scholar's companyconsists largely in the unexpected combinations he canproduce.This free-associative knowledge equips the scholarfor certain literary activities which only he is fit to un-dertake. One of thèse is editing. Good editing, ofcourse, requires much more than scholarship; it re-quires a capacity for inference and for reconstructingthe thought-processes of others which associate theeditor with the scientist and the historian. (A similarpoint could be made about the compilation of suchréférence books as dictionaries and grammars.) Yetediting is of ail constructive activities that most suited tothe scholar's tempérament, since it calls upon his ethicof purity. Editing is primarily a task ot cleaning, of re-moving from the text the accumulated errors and accre-tions which hâve dirtied it up in the transmission. Theeditor aims to restore to the text a purity of surface.There is a problem about the editing of classical texts,however. Occasionally the sands of Egypt or some dis-ordered European library disgorge a new text, but mostclassical texts hâve by this time already been edited overand over again. And the process of cleaning can only becarried to a certain point before it begins to make thetexts dirtier again. In relation to the basic Greek texts,there is now, I think, a useful task of editing to be done only in those few cases where the manuscript tradition isexceptionally complex.Another task which requires scholarship is translation. Since the translator speaks to his contemporaries,the task of translation remains to be done over again inevery génération; hère there is plenty for the scholar todo. The problem hère, rather, is that the translator mustbe scholar and poet at once, must be both careful anddaring; the translator is caught in a conflict of ethicswhich ail find disagreeable and very few can overcome.Thus I state the problem of scholarship now. Wemodems judge men primarily by their productivity. Yeta scholar, I submit, is defined not by what he producesbut by what he has consumed, and in any case there islittle that he is fit to produce. What possible place can hehâve in our society? This question, through that obscureand complex link I spoke of earlier, is connected to thequestion of the place of the classic texts in our society.Scholarship, like the idea of the classic, is a hellenisticcréation; like so many hellenistic developments it can betraced back to the génération of Socrates. Probably itbegan as a kind of game, in which one player challengedanother to explain an apparent absurdity in the text.For example, Homer says that Dolon "was badlytormed but swift in running" (Il lad X.316; cf. AristotlePoet la 1461a). But if he was badly formed, how couldhe hâve been swift in running? Answer: perhaps thepoet meant badly formed in his face only, for the Cre-tans use "well-formed" for the beauty of the face. Iimagine that this game was played more or less seriouslyfrom the fourth century B.C. onward; a very similargame is still played at parties m Soviet Russia. Theearliest représentation of this game — called Greek,problêmata — is probably Socrates' conversation withProtagoras about the poem of Simonides (Plato Pro-tagoras 338e-347a).I observe that this game has a premise, namely, thatthe classical text is perfect. The challenger claims tohâve caught Homer speaking nonsense; for a momentthe perfection of the poem looks marred. The defenderthen produces his scholarly justification of the text andpurity is restored. The point of the problem is the solution; the game is a kind of teasing of the text, in whichpurity is threatened only to be reasserted.The hellenistic synthesis, which is the foundation ofthe tradition we call Western, was formed by theconfluence of Greek and Near Eastern traditions. TheEastern tradition introduced another justification forscholarship: that of the sacred text. The religions whichspring from Abraham's covenant with God— Judaism,Christianity, Islam — are (unlike Greek religion) religions of the Book, foundedon the written word of God.Thèse texts must be recited, revived, within historiétime, by the living voice of the believer. Similarly theymay be studied. This study may be for the sake of en-lightenment, as a guide to a just life in this world orsalvation in the next — or the study may itself be an action of pious dévotion. As time passes the language inwhich God spoke to his people becomes a languageincreasingly archaic and obscure; the knowledge of thislanguage thus becomes a kind of intellectual participation in the divine sphère.The Time Before TimeThe literary classics of the ancients are, in a certainsensé, in contrast to scripture; the two together formthe complementary secular and sacred aspects of thetradition. But the two are alike in that both are set awayfrom the mundane historical world in which we live;they are both, as Mircea Eliade would say, in ille tempore,in the time before time. We remember the old lady inMrs. Gaskell who is shocked when her sailor son saysthat he has visited Jérusalem; Jérusalem, she says, is theholy city, not to be found in this world. Events of an-cient history, like events of sacred history, are paradig-matic. Thus we find in the Divine Comedy that Danteoften illustrâtes his point by a double example, one cho-sen from scripture, one from the ancient classics.Through the study of the classics, therefore, asthrough the study of scripture, we participate in a worldwhich transcends mundane history. Such participationrequires no grand ideas or deep insights, since everydétail is touched with the same numinous quality as thewhole. Scholarship can remain a matter of surface par-ticulars: it can remain a kind of game. The scholar is atplay in the fields of the Lord.From this point of view we can state one socialjustification of scholarship. Scholarship is associatedwith leisure rather than with work, with the sabbathrather than the week, with aristocratie consumptionrather than with bourgeois productivity. Scholarshipbecomes the privilège of those who, for one reason oranother, are released from the necessities of themundane — of the English gentleman in his country-house library, the old man of the shtetl who has turnedthe business over to his son-in-law and passes his days inthe prayer house disputing the Law. Just as societiesmaintain contemplative religious orders, so also theymaintain orders of scholars; through thèse few withtheir spécial vocation, society as a whole préserves itscontact with the trans-mundane. Such men are notasked to work at anything, but to be what they are onbehalf of us ail. Such, I imagine, were the Oxford donsof the eighteenth century, sacred cows placidly grazingon the ancients, celibate, and sleepy with Collège port.Such aristocratie scholarship still survives, I believe, insouthern Italy, where, in a dilapidated castle, one canstill corne upon this or that impoverished member ofthe rentier class, who passes his day reading Virgil andPropertius and collecting a few dubious antiquities.Scholarship is associated with rural retirement as op-posed to urban society — but there can be a further turn,by which the scholar becomes a public figure. Hère I donot refer to the scholarly amusements of the great — theEmperor Frederick the Second studied Arabie to relax,as Churchill painted — nor the occasional public manalso a scholar, like Sir Henry Maine, or scholarturned politician, J. Enoch Powell, for example. I referto the scholar's public display of himself. Such displayswere, for example, conducted by the Greek orators of the second sophistic in Antonine Rome and perfectedby the humanists of the Renaissance. In thèse displaysthe scholar claims not merely to study the words ot theancients, but to speak with their voice. The humanistsclaimed to write the Latin of Cicero; paradoxically, thisrevival of the ancient language made Latin for the firsttime into a dead language. Humanism is a highly theat-rical enterprise; to dress oneself in a style drawn fromthe past is to make that style unreal. If Cicero is a partwhich can be played by a living actor, then Cicero is nota man in history, but a rôle, like Hamlet or King Lear.Humanism did much to convince Europe that the classical world was a world which no real person had everinhabited.Quarrels and AlliancesThe humanist, nevertheless, has a definite social fonction. Since he claims actually to inhabit the past he séparâtes himself from every présent society. By takingupon himself his artificial costume he déclares his neu-trality in respect to every real issue. He thus becomescosmopolitan, above the battle, a safe go-between forthe contending parties. Thus humanism is associatedwith diplomacy — from Petrarch onward.Humanism reminds us that there is an ancient alliance, and an equally ancient quarrel, between the classic and the classicistic. The classic is worthy of studyprecisely because it is original, because, as the first suc-cessful solution of a certain problem, it displays theproblem to us vividly, newly identified. Aeschylus andSophocles show us what tragedy is, as Corneille andRacine (whose plays are rather better put together) donot — because Aeschylus and Sophocles, having foundthat tragedy did not exist or hardly existed, found itnecessary to invent it. Similarly Plato and Aristotlewrote the texts which best teach us what philosophy is,that is, why we cannot do without it. The classic mind isone that seeks the next necessary thing, the problemthat has not been solved because it can only at thismoment for the first time be properly identified.Classicism, however — the imitation of the classic— has recourse to past solutions now conceived as a setof rules. The daring works of the poet are transmittedthrough the caution of the scholar; the classicistic artistprotects himself by relying on the prestige of forms andstyles which are already admired. Thus by its veryadhérence to the letter of the classic, classicism déniesthe classic spirit.Yet this classicism can also be constructive, in that itcan screen the artist from his own originality, protecthim from the récognition of the risks before him. Classicism thus becomes a means of transport into un-charted territory. Marx asserts that the French Révolution was able to create the modem state only because itpretended to be re-creating the Roman republic. Similarly both Monteverdi and Wagner were thought to bere-creating Greek tragedy. But the statesman or artistcan make such use of classic forms only by misunder-standing them. There is thus a further paradox: classicism is successful only when it is unscholarly; notWilamowitz but Nietzsche is the maker of the modemmind.Creating the Modem WorldThe modem world is largely the création of thenineteenth century; in the mneteenth century classicalscholarship underwent the shock of modernization.Two versions of this expérience seem to me especiallysignificant for our présent situation: the German and theEnglish. In Germany scholarship was united with its opposite, science, under the gênerai heading of Wis-senschaft. The key idea ot the enterprise of Wissenschaft,as Weber pointed out, is progress; each inquirer addsanother brick to the great édifice of knowledge. Thisnotion may be appropriate to chemistry or comparativereligion (or it may not) but it is surely irrelevant to theclassics; they do not stand to be constructed but arealready there, are already, in a sensé, fully known. Theclassics serve us as a réservoir of meaning, not as a problem for solution. The scholar does not do research; hestudies his texts, remembers them, and turns them overin his mind. His publications, if he cares to produce any,are the product of his free-associative ruminations.The création of Altertitmswissenschaft, theretore, wasmade possible only by shifting the focus from the text toits interprétation. Interprétations are constantly beingproduced; it is therefore possible to think ot them asbeing progressively related to one another. The scholarwas therefore taught to take his eye off the text and tobegin each task with a review of ail previous literatureon the topic, with the notion that he could somehowdigest and perfect what came before him. Hère again,but ditferently, a dévotion to the letter implied a déniaiof the spirit, for the notion ot progress in interprétationimplies the possibility of creating a définitive interprétation and thus dénies the very richness which gives theclassics value. Such a définitive interprétation, whichmust be histoncally conditioned by the situation of thescholars who created it, cannot be a path into the classicsbut rather a barrier between us and them — it can tunc-tion, in tact, only as an ideology for the current life ofthe community which créâtes it. Something like this, 1think, happened in the Germany of the nineteenth century; the gymnasium, which set out to make the Ger-mans Greek, somehow ended by making the Greekscuriously German.In England, on the other hand, the capacity of thescholar to give correct answers to previously formulatedquestions was turned to a new end. In a period of almostheroic économie and political expansion (Weber calledthe capitalist révolution "the last ot our heroisms"), theEnglish required above ail practical compétence, andthey set out to produce it by reconceiving classical éducation. In the public schools the boys were taught topass examinations — on the reasonable assumption that,in an increasingly bureaucratie society, that is what theywould more or less be doing ail their lives. While theGermans spoke ot science, the English spoke of discipline. The game ot scholarship was transformed into amoral askests, an intellectual and ethical training parallel to the physical training provided on the playing fieldoutdoors.The ability to construe the classical languages is, infact, an excellent préparation for the life of practiceunder modem conditions. It teaches an attention to détail, clarity of expression, a clear distinction betweenwhat is known and what is not known, and it teaches oneto follow the rules. At the same time this éducationmade certain texts the common possession of a certainstratum of society — not in the sensé that their meaningswere deeply reflected upon, but in the sensé that theyserved as a common point of référence, a proof ofcommon expérience. In this sensé the ability to quotean apposite Latin tag was like the peculiar English accentcultivated in thèse schools; both were marks of statuswhich enabled gentlemen to recognize one another.Thus the classics served as a point of social solidarityand helped to cernent the old-boy network which, untilvery recently, enabled the British bureaucracy to fonction relatively humanely and decently. Whereas Frenchschooling in the same period emphasized capacities forgeneralization and analysis, English schooling emphasized attention to a mass of particulars; a comparisonof the two bureaucracies will suggest which was themore sensible choice.The Highest PitchThe English and German schools of the nineteenthcentury achieved, in a sensé, the highest pitch of classical éducation. Yet both Systems, each in its own way,contributed to the décline of the idea of the classic. TheGermans shifted the focus from the text to its interprétation; the English, from the text to the skills needed tointerpret it. And once the classics are seen as an occasion for imparting skills, their désignation as classic textscornes to be seen as fundamentally arbitrary; any texts,any object, which could be used for the same purposewould serve as well. Thus nineteenth-century classicaléducation, by a paradox familiar in the dialectic of history, opened the way for twentieth-century progressiveéducation; once éducation is defined as the acquisitionof skills, the task of the educator is first to define theskills he wisbes to impart, then to look about for thoseobjects which can most conveniently be used to impartthem. In the process ail objects are deprived of theirintrinsic interest and dignity.At the same time the vocation of scholarship wastransformed. The school boys were taught to passexams; those who did less well went into business. Butthose who did very well indeed became scholars andtaught the next génération. It is striking that in the Oxford of the late nineteenth century a man who had takena very good first class degree could immediately becomea Fellow and a tutor of undergraduates; no furtherperiod of maturity and reflection was required. Hère isthe proof that what was taught was not mature reflectionbut skill; the scholar was thought of not as a thinker, butas a master craftsman.Because the texts retain their power and because thehuman organism is astonishingly résilient and becausehuman society is wiser than it knows, the resuit was notso simple. Many of thèse scholars loved the texts andconveyed that love to others, many were importanttheorists and inventive critics. The universities foundalso a place for those, like Benjamin Jowett, who weremoderate scholars but great teachers and adminis-trators. But the idéal type of scholar produced by thisSystem was not like this. He was rather a great virtuosoof the essentially technical procédure which scholarship,at least to some extent, had become. I think of thèsescholars as something like the castrati of eighteenth-century opéra, men whose lives had been sacrificed tothe art. The tragic figure of this period is perhaps A. E.Housman, torn between his need to succeed at this in-human art and his need to fail at it so as to leave intact inhimself ail that it excluded.Instruments of EthicsI hâve by this time given several answers (implicitly)to a question much canvassed in the circles in which Imove; namely, Who killed the classics? The simple answer is A. S. Neill and before him John Dewey and ailthose modems who hold that éducation should cultivateindividual creativity rather than impose a collectivediscipline. But a wiser answer, I suggest, would be Dr.Arnold of Rugby and J. F. Herbart and ail those whosaw the classics as an instrument of ethical training, forinculcating spécifie capacities or instilling an indepen-dently conceived world-view. And behind ail thèsethere stands the villain who finally is accused in manyparallel stories, John Calvin. The loss of the classic, Iwould suggest, is parallel to the loss of the sacred; bothinvolve the loss of traditional authority, isolate the manof today and throw him on his own resources; both, incelebrating individual conscience and individualachievement, deny man the right to rely upon a great-ness which he does not comprehend. For surely theclassics are classic because the longer we live with them,the less we think that we hâve thoroughly understoodthem.The classics, qua classics, would seem to hâve noplace in the modem world, for the modem temper as-serts that truth is before us, not behind us. And the veryexclusion of thèse texts from modem life is the verything that drew some of us to them; classical studies, sofar from being any longer the central activity of the civilconsciousness, hâve become an assertion of aliénation, akind of act of protest or refusai to be included in themainstream of modem life. Similarly scholarship refusesto be useful, refuses to submit its activity to acost-benefit analysis; it is a kind of cultivated perversity,and the classical scholar has become a kind of académiedandy, not unlike the créatures praised by Beerbohm orBaudelaire. From this point of view classical scholarshipis doomed to be a minority interest, at best toleratedbetween consenting adults, but something from whichwe would like our children protected. Yet from another point of view thèse texts shouldnow be more interesting to us and more available to usthan they hâve ever been. Modem man, precisely because he has no tradition, is open to ail traditions; precisely because his situation is new and is as yet incompréhensible to himself, he needs ail traditions in orderto compare them with his own lack of tradition. In thissensé we go to the ancients as Claude Lévi-Strauss wentto Brazil, in search of himself; by measunng himselfagainst the alien, he sought the common ground of theessentially human. To fînd ourselves in the other is thepeculiar modem capacity; I believe that the classic textsacquire contemporary meaning for us precisely whenwe find them alien, when we cease to think of them asWestern, and therefore ours, and see them as pre-modern, and therefore closer to the parallel classics ofChina, say, and India than to anything which we ourselves would find it easy to say or think. For the modemman, whose world has been "de-mystified," the pre-modern — western, non-western, or primitive — has become the only source of the numinous. What has van-ished from ordinary expérience can be obtained nowonly through the patient activity of scholarship — whichcan be dignified by the meanings which are revealedwhen we understand that thèse texts can now be onlypartly compréhensible to us. Thus it follows that themodem motive for scholarly study of the classics is notthe conviction that thèse texts are great, but an uncer-tainty whether they are or they are not.The DispossessedWhat stands between us and the classics now, I think,is a nostalgia for earlier forms of classicism, especiallyfor the classicism of the nineteenth century. Classicistsoften speak of themselves as if they had been dispossessed, as if, having undertaken the arduous task of learn-ing Greek and/or Latin, they should thereby be awardeda certain social status. They hâve become the "distressedgentletolk" of the academy. I hâve tried to suggest thatthe classicism which gave the classics a high social statusat the same time deprived us of access to classic meaning, and that we should be grateful that the nineteenthcentury experiment has passed. The task of learningthose languages is not ail that arduous — no harder,really, than that of learning any other language to aliterary standard. Such learning should be its own re-ward. Scholarship is dignified not by its place in theworld as a social instrument, but by the intrinsic, half-hidden power of the texts. We shall recover the classics,I believe, when we cease to attempt for them a spécialprestige which insulates them from other forms of learning and instead try to understand the relation of thèsetexts to everything else we know.James AI. Redfield is Professor on the Commit tee on SocialThought, and in the Collège.Not Big Time, But Better TimesWhy did we enter the Midwest Conférence? What can weexpect from members hip?Well, it certainly is a matter on which the différence ofopinion within the Department is no secret. . . . Thereare some coaches within the Department who are not atail happy about the conférence relationship. Partly because, I think, they perceive the conférence as essentially a football and basketball conférence. . . . Thebaseball coach, for instance, points out that, given thevaganes of the Midwestern climate in the spring, it is abit onerous to schedule a game against a Knox, a Mon-mouth, a Ripon, or a Lawrence. It is one thing to make atrip for a basketball game which will be played in anyevent. It is another thing to make a long trip for abaseball game which may or may not be played. And thechances are, given Spring weather in this part of thecountry, it will not be played. (And the long trips arenot necessarily sought by the students of this University; they value their time very highly.) Better if youhâve a washout with Niles or Triton or NortheasternIllinois, say, when you only spend an hour to get there.. . . The University plans to go to a fall schedule for golfto avoid the weather problem in that sport.I think the essential reason for entering the conférence is that, for one, this is a very respectable group ofsmall libéral arts collèges with the kind of académiestandards and the kind of notions about the rôle of ath-letics that we find agreeable. None of them is engagedin the athletic scholarship industry; they aren't going outand buying players. It gives our own players somethingto shoot at: the conférence championship. There's somekind of goal. And there is some degree of respect forthe nature of the schools within the conférence. There'ssome value to winning against thèse conférence schoolsthat there might not be against some other schools:"Who are they?" and "What are they?" and so on.Membership should also help our graduate recruit-ment program at Chicago. Thèse schools are in our"natural drainage area," so to speak. Thèse are the kmdsof schools in which the students do aspire to a qualitygraduate éducation.The players are also excited because they hâve thechampionships to work for and because the schedulesshould hâve at the same time more consistency fromone year to the next.Harold R. (Jeff) Metcalf at the présent Stagg Field west stands.An interview with Harold R. Metcalf, newAssistant Dean of Students and Director ofAthletics 13Hasn't Chicago already been playing most of the conférenceschools in basketball?Yes, we've already been playing most of those schoolsanyhow, so I dont think there will be any tremendouschange. One change that has been brought to my attention is that we will now be playing a number of Saturdaynight games. In the Field House as it was, we had to playSaturday afternoons because otherwise the coach foundthat he'd corne into the Field House on a Saturday nightafter a UCTC meet and find it a mess, a lot of dust in theair. This was partly a conséquence of our dirt floor,partly a conséquence of using a single facility for a vari-ety of purposes. Now well be playing basketball-thisyear at least — in Bartlett Gym, so we can schedule anumber of Saturday night games because we don't hâveto worry about dust clouds stirred up in the course ofthe afternoon.And in the remodeled Field House there will be a Pro-Turftrack ?Yes, there will be an artificial surface, so we won't hâvethat dirt problem. We will still hâve some problems,however, because unless we put up some kind of chainlink fence, there will still be those people who will crossthe basketball floor in their track spikes.In the conférence, won't the football schedule be quite différent?Yes, the football schedule will change a great deal.There are eleven schools in this conférence; they aredivided into east and west divisions. We will play gamesagainst each of the teams in the east division, which areBeloit, Lake Forest, Lawrence, and Ripon. At the end ofthe season, we will play a game against the school in thewest division which matches our divisional finish. If wefinished first in the east division, we would play whoeverfinished first in the west division. Now, in basketballand soccer they aren't organized in quite the same way.There is more of a north-south division. In other sportsthey don't hâve the divisional arrangement at ail.Will there be an attempt to organize the ivomen on a conférence basis?I think the women — Mary Jean [Mulvaney, professorand chairman of physical éducation and athletics] andthe other women coaches hère — are really more com-mitted to the IAIAW compétition and the state cham-pionships than the conférence. And, in fact, evenGrinnell Collège in Iowa, a place where girls' basketball is a tremendously big thing at the high school level, justdoesn't hâve a women's basketball team (Partly, this isbecause the collège and high school games are différent.Iowa is the only state which still retains the six-personteam and the old régulations for the high school girls.)On past performance, it looks as though the basketball teamwill be pretty compétitive m the conférence, but the footballteam will hâve a much ivorse time of it.I think you may be in for some real surprises. I hâve anenormous amount of confidence in, and respect for,Bob Lombardi. I think he's a really talented coach. He'sa very well organized coach. What I've seen so far sug-gests that we do hâve people who are big enough andstrong enough to play in the conférence.Will they hâve enough practice time each year, after schoolstarts?This is really our biggest problem. Oh, sure, we don'thâve the superstars. We don't go out and buy them, andwe don't get them. The guy who really thinks he cancompete in the Big Ten or the Big Eight is going to goto those schools and get a scholarship. Maybe he aspiresto a pro career. Well, the people hère aspire to lawschool and médical school, and they aren't going to letfootball or anything else interfère with that.As you know, we start late — we started practice Sep-tember 7. At the end of the first week of practice, thecoaches went off to see the first two opponents, St.Ambrose and Marquette, play their first games. Theyhad a second game under their belts when we came upagainst them. [Chicago beat St. Ambrose 25-24 andMarquette 56-14.] That différence in académie calen-dars is going to be a difficulty every year, early in theseason particularly.It's a little hard to say what can be done, but it cer-tainly is true that we face that difficulty, and there isnothing we can do about it. That's simply our calendar.We can't start practice any earlier than we do because ofconférence and NCAA régulations. [The régulationsprescribe how much earlier than classes football practicemay start.] So we will hâve the same problem from yearto year, I suppose, particularly in the early going.But the early opponents will be non-conference?The first two games this year were non-conference. Ourfirst conférence game this year was an away game againstBeloit [October 9]. Our first home conférence gamewas the following week against Lake Forest.Since football iras reinstituted in 1969, we haven't done wellagainst teams of the caliber of the ones in the conférence. Areyou confident that we will in the future?Yes, I think so. I think that being in the conférence maymake us more attractive to good students who are alsogood athlètes. And they may not hâve been attracted tous before, partly because there wasn't the notion ofbeing in a conférence. I think there is something to besaid for that idea. It contributes somewhat more structure, more of a feeling that we know where we are. Weknow what, in terms of levels of compétition, we aregoing to hâve from year to year. We know somethingabout that kind of school. I suspect that we're going tohâve transfers from some of thèse schools, students whosay: "This is what I want to do, but I'd rather do it nowat Chicago than hère at Northfield or Appleton orsomeplace else." . . .I think Lombardi is a guy who is going to make atremendous différence hère in terms of getting the mostout of the talent available. . . .I talked before about the conférence rules and re-cruiting. Well, we certainly will do some recruiting.Now, recruiting for us, of course, doesn't mean goingout and waving carrots under people's noses in the formof monetary rewards, but I think we can do a betterjob — we expect to hâve tremendous coopération fromthe Collège Admissions Office and we expect to coop-erate with them — in trying to make this place betterknown and more attractive to the genuine scholar-athlete. And I think we hâve a lot to accomplish. Wehâve not been doing the job in our own backyard, hèrein the Midwest, that Harvard, Yale, and Princeton do,for example. . . . We do not want to interfère with orusurp the rôle of the Collège Admissions Office but tobe of some help to them in the same way that other members of the faculty of the Collège are interested intrying to get the people they hear about who hâve talents in mathematics or some other subject to comehère.That' s circular too, isn't it? If the sports teams do well, itProject s the image of the Collège as a place that' s not onlygood academically, but that' s fun to go to.This has been a problem hère, and I think that visiblesports activity could help to overcome it, this notionthat "Chicago just isn't much fon, a great place for intel-lectual achievement and stimulation but just like sen-tencing yourself to four years on a treadmill." Well, Idon't really believe that; I think that a lot of people whocome hère do indeed hâve a very enjoyable time. And Ithink that athletics hâve an enormously important rôlein helping to make it more enjoyable. After ail, it is anacadémie place — there's no question about that. It is asedentary occupation by définition. If people are goingto keep fresh and avoid going stale, they are going tohâve to hâve some kind of physical exercise. This issomething that appeals to an awfol lot of people. Thereis no "class" distinction hère; it is not "anti-intellectual"to engage in sports. There are many people who play.Look at the amount of intramural activity. Look at theamount of use of the recreational areas like the handballcourts, the squash courts. There's a hell of a lot that goeson.Another thing that would make this place more attractive to the scholar-athlete is to hâve better facilities.Obviously we hâve nothing hère that's going to be veryattractive to the guy who really is interested in compétitive swimming because we don't hâve a competitive-length pool. You really just can't do it hère. We lookforward to seeing an enormous improvement in thefacilities. I think it will hâve a great effect. It will makeRénovation of the Field House includes a200-meter Tartan-type track, varsity basketball court, and seating for at least 1,500 spec-tators; at least three additional basketball, vol-leyball, or tennis courts, and, under thegrandstand, four handball and three squashcourts.them more available, at more times of the day. It will bemore convenient for people, more attractive, and morepeople will want to use the facilities, more people willwant to go out for sports. The effect of that would be toachieve reasonably satisfactory records in intercollegiatecompétition. . . .A lot of people, Im sure, hâve the notion that merelybecause we are in Chicago, we share the characteristicsthey expect of a city university: no grass, no trees, noathletic facilities, no playing fields, just grimy old officebuildings in a factory district, with people spewing outof the subway turnstiles. There are an awful lot of people who come hère for the first time and are absolutelystaggered. I've seen it for twenty-five years. Their firstexpressions are open-mouthed and goggle-eyed. "Mygosh, I simply had no idea!" They come with some sort ofmind-set that at best they're going to see something likeNYU-Washington Square or CCNY at 23rd and Lex.And "my gosh, there are thèse buildings; there's grass,trees, flowers; there's a stadium over hère. My good-ness! What do you know." But it's getting that ideaacross that is hard. And being in the conférence may getus a little more notice, a little more publicity. Maybemore and more people will be aware that we really dohâve an athletic program at Chicago. Even today I runinto ail kinds of people who say, "You're the director ofwhat': They hâve athletics at Chicago?"Would it help to send the sports results to the area towns andcities from whose high schools you'd like to recru it?We had a picture-taking session yesterday with thefootball squad. Jeanne Dufort [Public InformationOffice sports specialist] was out there getting each boy'shometown as well as other information about his height,weight, jersey number, and so on. Hometown information is very important, and we expect to use it. What is the attitude of the Department toward team travel?Is it considered a form of reward for the teams to travel onceeach season?Well, it's not just that. In baseball, for example, theyhope to make a trip during spring break. (Obviously thebasketball team's trip to Seattle or the baseball team'strip to Tampa is not something we are going to try to doduring tshe term.) We can get money to travel, for onething. Maybe the people out in Seattle think we aremore big-time than we are; maybe they se 11 out thehouse no matter whom they play. We're getting a fairlysubstantial guarantee, so the Seattle trip is going to bevery inexpensive to us. ... But it's also a matter ofgetting the team ready. Lawrence, for instance, is underthe same rules as we are — they can't start basketballpractice till October 15, but ail of a sudden they'regoing to be going full blast, and they practice ail the waythrough Christmas. By the time the intra-conferenceseason starts after January 1, they've had an awful lot ofpractice and a lot of expérience. We want our players tohâve the chance to test their mettle against the best wecan find. I think as a gênerai rule, when speaking aboutbasketball, that most of the games ought to be oneswhere the results cannot be foretold. Some of the gamesought to be easy wins, and some of the games ought to beones we're probably going to lose but, hopefully, withhonor — keep it respectable — and learn a lot about howto play at a somewhat higher level of compétition. Forexample, do you know whom we open against in basketball a year from now? Duke.That's very respectable.Well, Atlantic Coast Conférence basketball is. It wouldbe a miracle if we won the game. I don't think it will be amiracle if we keep it fairly close because of the style of 15basketball we play hère. It dépends an awful lot on whatthe coach foresees as to what talent he's likely to hâve ayear hence. This game with Duke means we hâve tohâve that done two or three years ahead of time, and itsjust a matter of educated guessing on the part of thecoach. "Am I going to hâve the kind of players at thattime who are likely to be able to make at least an în-teresting game?" He doesn't want his players to behumiliated. A loss that is a respectable loss and wherethey learn a lot is one thing. Humiliation is somethingelse again. And Coach John Angélus is not about to playDuke unless he thinks he has a fighting chance to beatthem or, at least, play an interesting game, so that it willbe a worthwhile learning expérience for the team.Is one of the reasons for the baseball team's trip sont h theweather — to get in some games they're pretty sure of early inthe season?Oh, absolutely. That's a very, very large part of it. Onceagain, given the Chicago climate, we hâve a terrible timegetting in any practice before the season starts. And abig reason for the southern trip is to give people achance to play baseball under reasonable climatic conditions. It's very tough in this part of the country to get abaseball team ready to play. You're out there in thesnow sometimes. Cold as hell.Will the remodeled Field House be as good for the baseballteam to practice ni as the présent arrangement is, with thedirt floor.-'Well, there are various things that can be done aboutthat. For example, you could get an Astroturf carpet topull out at one end ot the upper deck for baseball practice. Phase 2 of the Field House rénovation includesprovisions for a variety of rooms down on the groundfloor: tencing, weight training, things of that sort. Inaddition, Phase 2 will include batting cages, so thebaseball team shouldn't be ternbly disadvantaged.The hetght would not be enough for ni fiel cl practice, though,would it?No, I doubt it would be as good, in a sensé, as what wehâve now. In another sensé, it will be better because wewon't hâve the problems we hâve now. Part ot the problem with baseball is that it goes on at the same time ascertain other sports which also utilize the Field House.It is very hard to hâve baseball practice and a track meetand a basketball game and tennis ail going on at thesame time. This partly a matter of scheduling, buteverybody tends to want to practice in the late after-noon. I suspect it will be less useful in certain ways forbaseball practice because we certainly won't hâve theceiling height, we won't hâve the dirt floor. But wemight alleviate the floor problem with an Astroturf carpet.What h non provided for in the Field House rénovation/Basically, Phase 1 is the upper deck. It will hâve a200-meter running track. The interior of the track will hâve telescopic stands at one end which can be pulledout for a varsity basketball game, so the varsity courtwill be at the west end. We will hâve better lighting forit because it will be closer to the ceiling. Beyond that,we will hâve markings for one more varsity-sized courtand then two more intramural courts which can also beused for tennis or volleyball. The artificial surface can bestriped any way we want. So well hâve provision forindoor basketball, volleyball, tennis. There certainly canbe baseball practice although it will not be quite as goodas under the présent arrangement. There will also belocker rooms on the first level at the east end. At thewest end, on the lower level, there will be four courtsfor handball or racquet bail and three squash courts.Phase 2 is the completion of the lower level, whichwill include more locker room areas and a variety ofrooms — as I said: fencing, wrestling, weight training,trainer's area, golf room, batting cage, etc.Is Phase 2 dépendent on getting further funding, so thatonly Phase 1 will be done at présent?Well, I think we hâve only enough money in hand nowto do Phase 1. The bids hâve come in, and we expect tostart construction on the first of October. We were verypleased with the bids. We hit the construction industryat a very good time (for us).When will the Field House be ready? For the next varsitybasketball season?The promise is that Phase 1 will be completed by De-cember of 1977. And I certainly hâve the optimistichope that it will be ready for play by the beginning ofthe autumn quarter, 1977. They talk about a "300 days"construction schedule, and they start October 1.Do you foresee any problems besides the one of seating capac-ityfior Bartlett? Hoir many will Bartlett seat for basketball?I don't honestly know. After taking a look at the standson the west side of Bartlett's basketball floor, I wouldthink no more than about 275. People can also stand onthe running track up above. We still hâve some misérable, rotten, busted-up folding chairs that might be us-able for that purpose. This will be very tough. It's goingto be a hard year, losing our major indoor facility for thewhole season.There will be no attempt to put up bleachers at either end ofthe basketball floor?We will probably purchase some portable bleachers.They are of the multiple-use type that can easily bemoved to the sites of other athletic events on campus.We still hâve, of course, wrestling and gymnastics, so wereally can't put up permanent seating in Bartlett. Wehâve for this reason scheduled a minimum number ofhome games.Does this minimum number of home games next year mean amaximum number the year after? Are thèse home-and-homeagreements?Not necessarily. A great many of them are home-and-home agreements, but not necessarily. But it probablydoes mean we will be overloaded — I think we wouldlike to be — the following year. With a new tacility, we'dlike to hâve as many home games as possible. Of course,we want eventually to get back to some reasonable balance.How far in adrance are the schedules made?I don't really know much about the scheduling yet. I willlearn a lot more. There will be a semi-annual meeting ofthe Midwest Conférence in November. I expect tolearn a great deal by that time — and at that time — abouthow schedules are done and how far in advance to do it.I'm sure we do nothing hère as far in advance as istypical of some of the "major power" schools becausetheir schedules are often set eleven years in advance.Who does make the schedules? Is it the athletic director or thecoaches?Under the présent organization of the department, wehâve a person who is in charge of men's athletics and aperson who is in charge of women's athletics. Thèse areJohn Schael and Pat Kirby. The women's and the men'scoaches are responsible for developing the beginningsof a schedule, but they hâve to clear this with Schael orKirby. I sign ail the contracts. Eventually it cornes to me. . . but it is John Schael who is responsible for monitor-ing the scheduling of the various men's varsity events tosee that there is no conflict, that, to the maximum extentpossible, there is consolidation of the travel arrangements. He and Pat Kirby will work closely together sothat, when we can, we will hâve the men's and women'steams going together to the same schools, to save ontravel expenses.Was the women's and men's basketball doubleheader last yeara succès s?Yes. We will hâve more of them next year. Once again,this is something that the other schools are just as interested in as we are. There's nobody who is not con-scious of travel costs. I talked to most of the athleticdirectors from the Ivy League last fall and again this pastJune, and it was quite clear that this was uppermost intheir thinking.The women had played the night before the doubleheader lastyear and were dead on their feet trying to cover that big FieldHouse floor.The problem in the past has been, I think, that thewomen were practicing on a smaller court.Is their officiai court the same as the men's?Yes, and their court for practice will be the same [in theremodeled Field House]. As I said, we will hâve twovarsity courts, so that the men and women can practiceat the same time, on the same-sized court. This will givethem a much better compétitive edge: to practice on a regulation-sized, full-scale court. It's very difficult under 17the présent conditions, I'm sure. There's always thehome-court advantage in any sport. This is especiallytrue in basketball, they tell me. And that's one of thereasons: because there are variations in the dimensionsof basketball courts, same as there are in ice hockey;that is, the home team knows just the way the puck isgoing to bounce oft their boards.What spécial provisions will you make for intramural basketball this year?That's going to be tight too. We will hâve to get ail thehelp we can, for example, in the use of Sunny Gym andin the use of Boucher. We hâve access to Boucher andSunny Gym. People will find it less convenient than ifwe had the Field House available. But people, by andlarge, hâve been extremely patient and understandingabout the problems we face in the coming year. It willbe tremendously improved, ot course, once we get intothe Field House because it's got those extra courts forintramurals.So for intramurals you' Il hâve four courts instead offive?Yes. We will still hâve Ida Noyés, Sunny Gym,Boucher, and Bartlett. And we can play a couple ofgames simultaneously cross-court in Bartlett. It's a veryshort court that way, but the main thing to the intramural players isn't the dimensions of the court. Theybasically want baskets at either end.To sum up, how does our new director of athletics see ourathletic program?I see our program today as in line with the principles theUniversity has always stood for in athletics. And wehâve a new University governing Board of Athletics andRecreational Sports, chaired by Roger Hildebrand[professor of physics and a former dean of the Collège],to guarantee that we continue to reflect those principles.We hâve an outstanding staff. They know athletics,they know how to teach, and they hâve the kind ofintegrity which inspires confidence in young people.They are serious about their responsibilities as University of Chicago faculty members, and I think the carewith which the Department sélects new members showsthat.As far as intercollegiate compétition goes, we arecompétitive at the small-college level, and that's exactlywhat we want to be. As I said, most of our games shouldbe ones in which the outcome can't be foretold. We arecommitted to amateur compétition of the best quality; Ithink our membership in the Midwest Conférence andthe IAIAW demonstrates that.One of our primary interests is to provide oppor-tunities for sports participation of ail kinds: intramural,recreational, and sports-club, as well as varsity levelcompétition.The new facilities should provide increased opportun-ity for physical exercise. At this University, some of theworld's greatest scholars "run for fun.""We hâve forty million reasons for failure, but not a singleexcuse." R. KiplingA graduate student has three basic tasks to complètebefore he or she admits privately that a PhD is, in tact,attainable: (1) Actually deciding to go to a graduateschool; (2) surviving the years of course work, researchpapers and various and sundry written examinations; (3)the Oral Exam.The first two parts are well-known to parents, friendsand contessors; the third remains a mystery to ail butthe initiated — and they are generally in too much shockto divulge their ordeal to a curious world. What are theOral Exams? What does one do to prépare for them?Has anyone lived to tell the taie?I hâve, and the countless nightmares before the Examcontinue to haunt me. It has been just a few weeks sincethe Orals, and I hâve decided to reveal the gory détailsof this event. Edgar Allan Poe would be green withenvy — he missed this one.A graduate student takes trom nine to twelve coursesper year and passes some form of examination for aMaster's degree (along with the writing of a researchpaper or thesis). He then continues in course work,exams, writing, etc., and when he and his professorsbelieve he is prepared, plans are made to take an OralExam. Many graduate schools require a preliminarywritten examination in one's fields which usually forms abasis for the Oral Exam.The Drama BeginsI came to the University of Chicago with an M. A. degreefrom another university and continued my work inthree fields ot history. After completing the require-ments of a second year student, I entered the Fall Quarter as a "third year student": the most pitied and hon-ored of créatures on campus. They were the ones nolonger involved with course papers and exams. Theywere the ones who survived two years of poverty andobédience — chastity being incompatible with their sur-vival.By October, I had a major field in Tudor history(Henry VIII and family) and two minor fields: ancientGreece in the sixth century B.C. (early philosophy,early government and early Greeks in gênerai) and médiéval England, 1066 to 1485 (events between William the Conqueror and the so-called War of the Roses).After carefol considération, I decided to déclare myselfa candidate for the Oral Exam and visited the historysecretary.I listened nervously as she told me to fill out a formindicating my three fields, the professors examining mein each and a fourth professor (known as "the fourth"). Iwas also informed that, of course, the professor over-seeing British history would be présent. Of course.The exam was to be two hours long.I went home in a light-headed daze and asked mywife, Barbi, if Walter Cronkite had said anything Ineeded to know; my only free time involved watchingWalter. Then I sat at my desk wondering what a lem-ming feels like at the edge of a cliff. My, décision hadbeen irrévocable; I could not change my mind and post-pone the Exam. To do so was to let five professors knowI wasn't sure of my competency. The problem was Iwasn't sure.What follows is a somewhat unknown séries of eventsthat graduate students keep close to their hearts andoccasional martinis. And since the University ofChicago is a renowned institution of knowledge andlearning, I must déclare that thèse expériences are sole-ly my own. Nevertheless, show this to any third yearstudent and I'U give odds he winces.After submitting the perilous parchment, I requestedlate January as the date of exécution. From Octoberthrough November, I continued attending classes andreading several books and scholarly articles a week.Barbi tiptoed through the mountain of notes and booksin the living room. (We lost our Persian cat for sixhours — she was under a "book bridge" comprised of theOxford Historiés of England.) Our social life consistedof brushing our teeth together.Then came December, and my life passed beforeme — along with visions of Henry VIII wrestling FrancisI, John of Gaunt playing around with Katherine, andPeisistratus invading Athens again. I tried to set upschedules for studying: two days Greek, two daysmédiéval, three days Tudor. It didn't work. It tookforever to wade through three graduate years ofFear of FailingMark R. Horowitznotes — looking assiduously for tidbits I thought theprofessors might not know — while reading books andtaking yet more notes.January delivered a new year, no classes and an extraten pounds. I hâve always been a basically non-fat person. Suddenly I noticed, while sitting on the flooramidst notes, papers and old tuna fish sandwiches, thatsomething was sitting on my lap. It was my stomach.To say I was nervous is an understatement. And Iused my nervous energy digestively as I studied andreviewed, my wife now joining me at feedings as well asat tooth-brushings. And ail this time the butterflies inmy stomach began to increase and multiply.It was soon determined that on February 6, from 1to 3 P. M., the "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse"would join the head of British history for my Exam.I had been taking the Orals in my head nightly sinceDecember; by January, I was reciting it. Barbi couldn'teven fix a skirt without a comment from her hebe-phrenic husband. ("Did you know that worsteds likethat skirt didn't really get going commercially until thesixteenth century? Why, in the West Riding of York-shire. . .!") The Sunday night before my last week ofpréparation I soaked in a tub reading notes on HenryVI when the phone rang. It was the professor of mymajor field.Barbi held the phone while I grabbed a towel andlistened to my heart rev up. What could be wrong? Iconcluded that the five professors had decided to call itoff — for a year or two — so that I could read a new un-published nine-volume history of mustard-making inBedfordshire. I picked up the phone while my stomachchurned and groaned."Be of good cheer!" He had called to cheer me upfive days before the Exam. I slowly sank to the floor ashe attempted to calm me down. He failed miserably. Ithanked him and slithered back to the tub; I wanted tofollow the water down the drain.Thursday night: the night before the Exam. Now anystudent knows that after months of reviewing, the"night before" will add little in new material. But at 6P. M. after Walter Cronkite told me "That's the way itis," I was suddenly transformed from "any student" into"the student taking the Oral Exam!" For months I hadawakened my wife at night searching through dictionary and history book for a term to satisfy a bad dream. Nowthe fear of forgetting dates, terms and people totallyoccupied my mind the night before the Exam, and fortwo hours I reviewed trivial points that would hâvegiven a computer migraines.At 8 P. M., I decided I knew nothing and that failingwas imminent. I watched a movie until ten, played agame of Careers with Barbi (I entered the "Space" careerthree times — a prémonition, I thought!) and went tobed. Four hours and endless mental Exams later, Idozed off. . . .And I dreamed that I showed up at the Exam in cut-offs, that the head of British history wore a footballjersey — everything was going wrong. When I awoke, itwas nine o'clock and the real nightmare began. 1 wentinto the kitchen and found a "give em hell" note tromBarbi. Then my parents phoned to say good luck. Itmade matters worse: I had others to disappoint besidesmyself.I showered, peeked at a few notes and donned myrarely-worn suit and tie. Then I said good-bye to our cat(she yawned) and drove to school. My English mutfinand tea wouldn't leave me alone.The Taking of the Oral ExamAt noon, I returned some books to the library and sat ina chair day-dreaming about the Great Ordeal of agraduate student. By 12:30 I was up, pacing hère andthere, speaking to no one and totally lost in an innerworld of fear and wonder. Ail those years for a two-hourexam. Ail the hundreds of books, thousands of notes,millions of words and tacts for three fields at 40 minutesa throw. How did my five professors feel at their exams?Would they see themselves in me today?At 12:45, I entered the office where it ail was to takeplace. The Tudor examiner greeted me and continued toread a book. Soon the Greek examiner appeared, thenthe head of British history, the médiéval examiner andfinally the fourth. It began at 1:05 and ended at 3:54. Iknow — my left eye was glued to my watch betweenquestions, answers and a lot of heavy breathing.I cannot relate the questions or the discussions thattook place, not because they are stnctly confidential,but because most are rather esoteric (the sources for thesixth century B.C. and their problems), and the gêneraiones rather long and involved (the various develop-ments from Henry II to Richard II). It must be said,however, that it was a psychological exam: I knew thestuft; they knew I knew it — it was a question of how Irelated it and even if I could relate it. This is wherepeople pass or faitAt 3:54, 1 was asked to leave the room while theprofessors decided my fate. I walked around the emptyhall, staring at my watch, counting the seconds as theyslowly ticked away. The Exam had been a total letdownfor me: of the one hundred percent I had learned, itseemed I was only tested on one percent !After thirty seconds, someone from inside the roomlet out a belly laugh."That's it. I failed!" I found myself talking out loud.After five minutes had passed I knew, truly knew, that Ihad blown it and that they were deciding how to tell methat grammar schools need people to talk about GeorgeWashington and King George III.Soon, ail the answers I wanted to give came to me! At4:02, I walked around the corner of the office, sat downon a chair and closed my eyes, pondering my situation. Iknew I had failed and that there would be one otherchance a year later to retake the Oral Exam. But I alsoknew there was no way that I would wait for thatchance — it was now or good-bye PhD.At 4:04, the door opened and the médiéval examinercalled out my name. I jumped up preparing to answeranother question until I realized there would be nofurther questions. So startled was I that my teet refusedto move, and the professor could not see me."It appears the gentleman has gone home," he toldthe others, and I finally managed to walk into the office.He then said "Congratulations, you passed." Thisstrangely anticlimactical révélation was followed by patson the back and cheers trom the others. I could notbelieve it, and yet the word "pass" was the only one Iexpected to hear — perhaps because it was the only wordI could hâve acceptée!.Two of the professors took me for a drink, and notuntil 4:30 did I realize that my wife and numerousfriends, relatives and thrillseekers were unaware of myvictory. I left the professors and ran to the gym to callBarbi, saying I would be late. She asked if I passed, anda deep breath helped me announce a strangely subdued"Yes." The QuestforPrehistoryWhat remains now is losing ten pounds and writing adissertation — the latter being a book based on research-ing a problem in British history pertaining to my fieldand interests. (Henry VII is the candidate.) It will re-quire tedious work, numerous documents and primarymaterial, a trip to England . . . and then the successfoloral défense of the dissertation in order to receive thePhD. Another oral exam'! Not really.I will be defending my work, and I will be as familiarwith my research as my examiners. The défense is aminor future event compared to the Oral Exam. Andyet to pass the Oral Exam simply means, "We professorsallow you to research as an historian, to write a dissertation and, if successfol, to pursue a career as an historian." As in a fraternity, I am now accepted, workingtoward the rewards of teaching, writing and researching:Personal achievement and a désire to excite othersabout my interests.The fear of failing has left mental scars, but a différent, knowledgeable person remains. "You're a betterman than I am, Gunga Din," Kipling wrote. PerhapsGunga was a graduate student.Mark R. Horowit: is a doctoral candidate ni British history . Linda Braidwood and colleague Jack A. Harlan in a Palestinian field ofwild wheat.Robert and Linda Braidwood hâve found, over the lastthree décades, important traces of early mankind'schange from hunters of food to producers of food, andsome cultural conséquences of the transition. In theirOriental Institute workroom, they are surrounded byflints and obsidian potsherds and bone fragments, bits ofancient grain pressed into clay, and drawers upon draw-ers of artifacts — pièces of a long, long story, set in theNear East.Thèse bits of human débris are markers along a historical trail formed when human beings, having movedaway from hunting settlements, began cultivating cerealplants and domesticating animais.The beginnings of a food-producing way of life areenormously important in what mankind has come toconsider its history. Thèse ancient early settlements de-voted to planned food production laid the foundationupon which, three to four thousand years later, the firstgreat urban, literate civilization in the Fertile Crescentcould come into being.R. Braidwood is professor emeritus in the OrientalInstitute and in the Department of Anthropology at theUniversity; L. Braidwood, wife, coauthor-collaborator,is an Oriental Institute associate. Together, they hâveworked, off and on, since 1930, digging in southeasternTurkey, Iraq, and the Near East generally, to hâveearned a kind of guest citizenship to the "hilly flanks ofthe Fertile Crescent," the valleys and piedmonts of themountain frame around the basin of the great rivers— the Tigris and Euphrates.The term "Fertile Crescent" was coined by JamesHenry Breasted, and its meaning, as explained byRobert Braidwood, is that "Breasted's interest centeredon civilization, the beginnings of urban literatesocieties, the kind of thing which conventional ancienthistory begins with. "He found évidence for such beginnings in the riverbasins of a great arc, running from lowland southernMesopotamia, up through the grasslands of Assyria (theprésent northern Iraq and northeast Syria), thence overto and down the Mediterranean cost through Phoeniciaand Israël into Egypt, the valley of the Nile."The upland flanks of Breasted's arc — that is, abovehis 'Fertile Crescent' proper — however, make a separateenvironmental niche, and it was hère the earlierevent — effective food production — may hâve takenplace about ten or eleven thousand years ago."But since we suggested the term 'hilly flanks,' therehas been new évidence which may raise some questionsabout whether this environmental area — as we nowknow it — was indeed the région of earliest agriculturaldevelopment."Our record of the threshold phase before peopleproduced their food," says Braidwood, "probably suf-fers from that fossil of an earlier conviction by prehis-torians, that 'cave men' should be sought for only incaves. So there is a scarcity ot open sites in our explorations of the threshold phase."Certainly those open sites which are known and thealready excavated caves and shelters do not suggestlarge settlements before ten thousand years ago. Thecommunities of this time no doubt consisted of ex-tended family groups or small bands, rarely numberingas many as forty or fifty individuals."The Domestic DogDuring one excavation in a cave in northeast Iraq, theBraidwoods and their colleagues turned up évidence fora domesticated dog which served as a hint of thingswhich followed soon afterwards in the archeological record. About nine thousand years ago, it is clear to us thatpeople now lived in communities of established villages.There are, on the Braidwoods' worktables, photo-graphs of the traces of foundations ot the ancient dwell-ings and their storage areas. They hâve modemnames — Cayônu, Jarmo. It is not too difficult to imaginethèse traces as places where people cooked and lived ifone compares them with the simple villages of farmerswho still live in thèse régions. But hère are found doz-ens of flint împlements. "Sometimes," says LindaBraidwood, sifting through a box of piercingly sharpobsidian, "later dwellers mixed old flints into theirbricks when they dug up the old clay. Then we neverknow where the implements originally came from."The sites of most ancient Near Eastern settlementsremain as mounds, the resuit of the disintegrated mudwalls of the structures. The Braidwoods note that sometimes many succeeding générations built successivelevels of new structures on the same sites. In thèsecases, large and high mounds resulted. This makes adéquate clearance of the first layers difficult for an ar-cheologist. ("If our interests happen to be with prehis-tory or the earlier historié periods, then we wouldsearch for a low mound that doesn't hâve Roman lampsand other later artitacts ail over its surface. ")The average area covered by houses in the first villages was probably less than ten acres. The houses wereprobably not numerous or crowded together, and thevillage may hâve been occupied by no more than fourhundred people. "It seems quite possible, however, thatsome settlements of this early type covered more thanten acres and if the houses within thèse areas were fairlydensely spaced and ail occupied at once, there may hâvebeen several thousand inhabitants.In some cases, the sun-dried mud walls had stonebases, and the houses often had hearths, ovens,benches, and bins or pits for storage built into them.The simple implements, ot the types found in the earliercaves and the few open sites we do know were still beingused, but, in the villages of the early farmers, flint bladesf'sint; a wooden ^ickle with flint blades. It is ¦-, r i 1 1 possible to harvestuild wheat on the Turkish hilkidev which were combined to make sickles had come intogênerai use, presumably for reaping. Furthermore, theblack volcanic glass, obsidian, now came into the use forcutting and piercing implements, and, as it had to beimported from its limited sources on the Anatolianplateau, we infer the beginnings of a bulk trading in thismaterial.The Braidwoods and their colleagues then ask: Whatéléments influenced the development of thèse effectivetarming communities?For example, was change in the weather one of thecrucial éléments in the appearance of food production?It is fascinating to ask this particular question at a timeof weather change warnings and threats of a new ice âge.A Change in the WeatherExperts hâve speculated that about ten thousandyears hâve elapsed since the last ice âge ended and theprésent period of prominent warmth began. Droughtsin parts of Asia and Africa and an apparent cooling trendsince the 1940s may, they say, indicate the beginning ofclimatic change that could mean a new ice âge and hâvedisastrous effects on world-wide food production.The Braidwoods speculate about the possible inverselinkage: if climatic change could affect food productiondisastrously, could it not also hâve helped bring abouteffective food production?Théories about climatic change and its possible effecton primitive food production are not new. It was oncebelieved that as the last glacial period came to an end,previously well-watered régions of North Africa and theNear East became arid.With the northward migration of the rain-bearing an-ticyclonic winds, it seemed to the experts of 1930 andearlier that the plants, animais, and men in thèse dryrégions must hâve ail migrated to river valleys andoases. It was believed that this propinquity of men andplants and animais led to the people's sélection of thepotential domesticates — certain plants, animais, andgrains. At one site in Palestine, for example, a largenumber of the bones of young gazelles has led to thesuggestion that some manipulation of the herds was involved.In the 1950s the Braidwoods were excavating settlements in the Zagros Mountains in Iraq and were uncov-ering évidence that led away from the notion thatdomestication took place in river valleys and oases. TheZagros évidence then available seemed to indicate thatthe weather in the Near East during the time of the lastglaciation was as it is today. "But we needed more évidence," says Braidwood. "What we didn't hâve were thesmaller and climatically more sensitive plant and animalremains — fossil pollens, the smaller animais, snails andfish. We simply weren't yet understanding the ancientecology of the région."Two colleagues made the breakthrough in beginningto solve this problem. Herbert E. Wright, Jr. (professorof Pleistocene geology at the University of Minnesota)joined forces with an expert in fossil pollen, Willem vanZeist (professor, Groningen University, The Nether-lands), and began sampling the bottoms of lakes andswamps (when they could find any) with apparatus designed to extract core samples from the swamp beds.Thèse cores are long, worm-shaped cross sections oforganic remains — mainly plant pollen, leaves, smallwater animais and insects packed in layers in the muckat the bottom of lakes and ponds. By analyzing andinterpreting thèse organic remains as they accumulatedto reflect the changing climate and environment, ageological and vegetational history at the région adjacent to the swamp or lake can be established. Thelonger the core sample, the greater the number oflayers and, thus, the quantity of history."Wright and van Zeist found both the earlier propin-quity theory and ours on no essential climate changewrong," Braidwood continues. "Their core sample évidence pointed toward a cold, dry, sagebrush steppecondition before about 11,000 years ago in much ofsouthwestern Asia and the northern Mediterranean.Cereal plants and the present-day type of grassy, oakwoodlands could not hâve flourished 14,000 or 20,000years ago in the 'hilly flanks of the crescent.' Thoughnew évidence may make Palestine an exception, onlyafter about 11,000 years ago, we think, did climaticconditions begin to shift towards those of the présent.And we are certain that domestic cereals (wheat, barley)were being cultivated by 7000 B.C." By that time, thegrassy oak woodlands, including the cereals, had movedinto the Zagros région, thinks Wright.Linda Braidwood explains, "People had to get reac-quainted with what they could eat. Did you know thatpresent-day wild wheat grains — of the type firstdomesticated — with their tinier kernels hâve almosttwice the protein content as the commercial kernelsgrown today?"A Random HarvestWild stands of grain grow today on the Persian andTurkish hillsides. From the farmers of 7000 B.C. theBraidwoods hâve in their catalogue boxes tiny mi-crolithic implements at least some of which must hâvebeen mounted in groups, such as composite blade éléments in a bone sickle haft. "One of our friends usedsuch a sickle with flint blades and harvested a considérable amount of wheat in a very short time," LindaBraidwood muses. "Why bother to domesticate wheator barley if you hâve stands growing wild?""Because you didn't necessarily hâve stands growingwild ail over," says Robert Braidwood. The largest ker-neled wheat was the emmer of northern Palestine. Andas it and other cereals were harvested, the people weremaking an unconscious sélection for favorable forms.In nature the stem which holds the kernel on the stalkmust be brittle and easily breakable in the wind once thegrain is ripe, so that the kernel may fall and naturallyreseed itself. For the first farmers, however, such brittlestalk (the rachis or axis) was a nuisance: much of the grain would tall to the ground as the people reaped.However, in most wild cereals, occasional plants with atough rachis do appear in nature. It is logical to assumethat the more wild cereals people reaped, the more theywould get (that is, unconsciously "sélect for") plantswith the tougher rachis.Note, however, that the kernels from the toughrachis plants would not reseed themselves in a naturallyefficient way: the people had to reseed — plant — them.But how did people get the idea of planting itself ? Wasail of this planned? "We can't tell," says Linda Braidwood, "but it seems to us that the first sélection musthâve been accidentai — a hole in a sack or pocket?"While the présent évidence for climatic change as apossible impelling factor in the appearance of effectivefood production is impressive, it is not the only possiblefactor. As to other "crucial éléments," Braidwood says,"one has to consider the gênerai level of technologicaland societal évolution of the people involved; that is,was culture ready for change? Other factors might wellbe the level of population density and 'pressure' andprobably other éléments too complicated to statebriefly."Near settlements along the middle Euphrates hâvebeen found — in addition to vanous cereal forms— animal bones which suggest hunting of gazelles, vari-ous kinds of deer, wild pig, and wild sheep and goats.The people of the Zagros flanks hâve left traces of thèsesame animais as well as of some wild cattle, wolf, andbear. But where the various animais actually weredomesticated remains to be discovered. "We hâve neverhad reason to believe," the Braidwoods caution, "that ailof the species, either plant or animal or both, were ailtaken into domestication at exactly one time or place.Further, the identification of cultivated plants anddomesticated animais, from their recoverable traces,even by experts compétent to make the identifications,is no easy matter."The morphological dues which allow positiveidentification would only hâve appeared after the manipulations of the various species — by the prehistoricpeoples — had gone on for some time. For exactly howlong a time we do not know."Now people could produce their own food. The waywas open to a new order of human activities whichcame — within three thousand years — to include the de-velopment of large, literate urban communities insouthern Mesopotamia."We know," the Braidwoods hâve written, "the paceof change following the appearance of food production. . . must hâve been batfling to the people who lived init. After more than two million years of cultural évolution based on predatory food gathering, hunting, andcollection alone, much had to be changed. The oldfolkways, the old notions of property, the old gods, theold morals needed rénovation as well as did the objectsof daily use. As we uncover more, we increasingly seehow the material inventory changed and grew morecomplicated."24The Tuti-namaDaniel J. Ehnbom>&h&J>j\jèjjThe parrot addresses Khujasta at the beginning of the sixth night.Attributed to Dasavanta. Folio 37v from the Cleveland Tuti-nama.Mughal ca. 1560-65. In January, an extraordinary exhibit opens at the Davidand Alfred Smart Gallery on the University campus. Itis an exhibition of the Tuti-nama, an early Mughalperiod îllustrated manuscript of a Persian story collection which is considered to be the bridge betweenindigenous Indian art and the established Mughal style.The existence of the Tuti-nama is a fascinating story,ranging from sixteenth-century India, to Milwaukee,Wisconsin, to the Cleveland Muséum of Art, which hasassisted the Smart Gallery in organizing the exhibit. Theentire adventure in scholarship and art is celebratedhère at Chicago by an event which is three-fold: theJanuary exhibit, the publication of Professor PramodChandra's The Tuti-nama of the Cleveland Muséum of Artand the Origins of Mughal Painting, and the publicationof a 400-page facsimile édition of the original manuscript. Hère is how the story started:India in the sixteenth century saw the establishment ofone ot the most glittermg and splendid empires in history, that ol the Mughals. The dynasty was establishedin India in 1526 by the cultivated Timurid prince Babarwho had been driven out of Ferghana, his homeland inCentral Asia, and forced to the rich and fertile plains ofIndia, a land he found unpleasant and uncongenial.Babar neverceased to mourn his exile and died in 1530,leaving to his son Humayun an empire barely established and not at ail Consolidated.Humayun's reign was stormy, and in 1540 he wassoundly defeated in battle by Sher Shah Sur, an Afghanchief, and driven into exile. Fifteen years later, withthe aid of the brilliant, erratic king of Persia, ShahTahmasp, Humayun was able to retake India. Withinseven months the unfortunate prince was dead. Answer-îng the call to prayer, he had slipped and fallen on astaircase, and died of his injuries a few days later.He left to his fourteen-year-ojd son Akbar an empireeven more unsettled than that which his own father hadleft him. But Akbar, who ruled from 1556 to 1605,proved to be an exceptional monarch. He surroundedhimself with men of genius. India became the land ofopportunity not for conquerors, but for those whowished to serve so magnificent an emperor as Akbar.With the aid of his nobles, he crafted an empire whichsurvived three hundred years.The arts flourished under his patronage. Like his dis-tinguished Timurid ancestors, Akbar was passionatelyinterested in painting, and under his trained eye therevolutionary Mughal style of Indian painting de-veloped. Never had India seen so refined and realistic astyle as this. So distinct is it from its contemporary In-25dian styles that it seemed to modem scholars to springfrom nowhere, to be folly formed at birth.What could explain this radical departure from thevery différent nature of other styles of Indian painting?Perhaps this was due to the Persian artists who cameto India with Humayun on his return from his Persianexile. We know from literary évidence that two of thèseartists, Mir Sayyid Ali and Khwaja Abd al-Samad,played important rôles in the Mughal workshop set upunder Akbar. But this explanation was not totally satis-factory, for though Persian painting exerted a significantinfluence on the emerging Mughal style, Mughal painting is more than simply an Indian extension of theSafawi style. Also, heavily Persianized work of a naturequite différent from Mughal painting had long beendone in India, and though works of exceptional qualitywere produced, Indo-Persian painting was seldom morethan a provincial variant of one of the prevailing Persianstyles and lacked the internai cohérence of the Mughalstyle.Perhaps the revolutionary character of Mughal painting was derived from the personal vision of its impérialpatron, Akbar. The emperor's rôle was certainly critical,though even the most brilliant of patrons needs artistswhose vision coincides with his own.In a sensé, however, it is in Akbar's larger-than-lifepersonality that the secret of Mughal painting is to befound. Scholars gradually became aware that in somestill mysterious way contemporary Indian styles formedthe base from which Mughal painting emerged.Just as he had in literature, music, architecture, administration, and even in food and dress, in painting tooAkbar, the first of the Mughals born in India, turned tohis motherland for the raw materials to forge an entirelynew style. But the means by which this process wasaccomplished remained a mystery, and it seemed that itever would. Even the Indian styles themselves were notclearly understood. Furthermore, the great impérial library of the Mughals had been so trequently andthoroughly sacked and its fragments were so wellknown that it seemed unlikely that any illustratedmanuscripts which would hâve provided the visual évidence necessary to chronicle the émergence ol theschool had even survived.Long the earliest known work of the Mughal period,the great manuscript of the exploits of the Prophet'suncle, the Qissa-i Amir Hamza, was commissioned byAkbar circa 1562. It took fifteen years to complète andwas originally composed of 1,400 illustrations in four-teen volumes. Of thèse, only about 140 paintings hâvecome down to us. This early work shows hints of the Indian éléments of the Mughal style, but scholars stilllacked the final, conclusive évidence necessary to explain the process by which Indian éléments wereutilized in the formation of the new style.Then what art historians call a miracle happened. In1962, Dr. Sherman E. Lee, director of the ClevelandMuséum of Art, received in the mail a few photographsof a manuscript of a Persian story collection called theTuti-nama [Taies of a Parrot] being eut up and sold by aBernard Brown agency in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Thework was described as eighteenth-century provincialPersian, and its illustrated leaves were being oftered atfifteen dollars each. Dr. Lee immediately recognized itas Mughal and managed to recover for the muséumnearly the entire manuscript intact.The volume proved to hâve been part of the estate ofthe Honorable Breckinridge Long, of Laurel, Maryland.It was sold in 1959 at a public auction in Philadelphiafor three hundred dollars to Harry Burke, a Philadelphia antique dealer from whom Brown obtained it.Dr. Lee communicated the news of the discovery andthe acquisition of the work to Dr. Pramod Chandra,professor in the Department ot Art at The University ofChicago.It was apparent to both that this was the documentwhich provided the visual évidence illustrating the process by which artists trained in indigenous Indian stylescontributed to the establishment of the Mughal style ina central, impérial workshop. The two of them immediately prepared a preliminary study of the manuscript which was published in Burlington /Magazine inDecember 1963. They intended to collaborate on alonger study, but Dr. Lee's many duties prevented himfrom folly participating and the task tell to Dr. Chandra.The resuit of his work, The Tuti-nama of the ClevelandMuséum of Art and the Origins of Maghal Painting. hasbeen published this year by Akademische Druck- undVerlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria, to accompany their splen-didly produced facsimile édition of this importantmanuscript.The publication of the facsimile and Dr. Chandra'scommentary is the occasion for an exhibition illustratingthe significance of the Tuti-nama, now the earliestknown Mughal manuscript. The show, "The ClevelandTuti-nama Manuscript and the Origins of Mughal Painting," sponsored by the Cleveland Muséum of Art andthe David and Alfred Smart Gallery of The University ofChicago, is now on exhibition in Cleveland until December 19- It will be at the Smart Gallery from January12 to February 27, 1977. The exhibition has been organized by Dr. Chandra.26A Wife's Unfaithfulness and Penance A Monkey Bites-':?:¦. ."••^;"T-T -p===^^r 1. Upper register: A merchant hears of hiswife's unfaithfulness. Lower register: The un-faithful wife performs penance by pulling outher hair. Folio lOv,2. The wounded monkey bites the hand ofthe prince, his chessmate, in the présence ofguests. Ascribed to Dasavant. Folio 32v.3. A hunteroffers a parrot learned in healingto the king of Kamarupa, a leper. Ascribed toBasavana. Folio 36v.4. A daughter of a merchant meets the gar-dener to whom she has pledged her virginityin exchange for a rose. Attributed to Painter J.Folio lOOv.5. The origin of music from a fabulous bird ofIndia which had seven holes in its beak. Folio110v. AH illustrations from the ClevelandTuti-nama. Mughal, ca. 1560-65.227A Parrot Learned in Healing A Virgin and Her Gardener A Fabulous Bird of Music¦*'\^\;cC-JJ4i_^,>! ^ ¦> «&&> ' tas* V. n_^V*'^There are various reasons why this literary work wasso popular in its time and for centuries after.The Tuti-nama is a collection ot stories and tablesunihed by the thème ot marital infidelity. Drawing froma Sanskrit source, the Persian author Ziya al-DinNakhshabi prepared his own version of the stories inthe hrst hait ot the tourteenth century. An Indian merchant named Majnun leaves his wife Khujasta in thecare of a wise parrot. Khujasta wishes to go to her lover,but each night the parrot keeps her enthralled with hiswonderful storytelling ability, and fifty-two nights later,when Majnun returns, the virtue ot Khujasta is still intact. At least physically, that is, but the disillusionedhusband décapitâtes his wife, rewards the parrot, andtakes up the life ot a sufi. This story provides the framefor dozens of moral taies, many of them concerned withadultery and the supposée! guile and déception ofwomen.The exhibition at the Smart Gallery présents thebackground trom which Mughal painting came. Therange of Indian painting in the fifteenth and sixteenthcenturies is représentée!, showing examples ot strictlyindigenous Indian styles as well as of Indo-Persianwork. Fifty of the over two hundred illustrated pages ofthe Cleveland Tuti-nama are included, including twofrom the collection of Mr. Edwin Binney 3rd, which areamong the leaves not in the Cleveland collection.Among the Cleveland miniatures displayed are theearliest known works ot the great Mughal mastersBasavana and Dasavanta, of considérable importance inunderstanding the individual developments of thèseinfluential artists. In addition, a few examples of laterAkbar period work are included to give the viewersome notion of the direction the Mughal style took afterits inception in circa 1560-65, the date ProfessorChandra has determined for the Cleveland Tuti-nama.The comparative material is drawn trom several privateand public collections, including those of Mr. Binney,the Cleveland Muséum of Art, the Los Angeles CountyMuséum ot Art, and the Art Institute of Chicago.Daniel J. Ehubom is au art history student at The Univer-sit) ni Indian Art spécial iznig ni Indian painting. He hasbeen assistai g Professor Pramod Chandra ni the préparationof the Tuti-nama exhibition and ni the préparation of auillustrated catalogue to accompau) the exhibit. PramodChandra is Professor m the Departmeuts of Art and SouthAsuni Language* and Civilisations and ni the Collège.The Magazine is grateful to the Cleveland Muséum ofArt for permitting reproduction of the accompanynig illustrations of the Tuti-nama manuscript, a gift of Mrs. A.Dean Ptny .'The Haro/d T. Martin Fund, the Illinois Arts Couucil,ami the Committee on Southern Asiau Studies at The Uui-nrzit) of Chicago hâve gênerons!} provided funds for thisexhibition. Whatever Has Becomeof the"Chicago School"?Cesare SegreThe departmental System has its inconveniences. Ofcourse it's very pleasant to chat with Peter Dembowskiand Bruce Morrissette, the two most visible members ofthe Department ot Romance Languages and Literatures,but in order to stalk the legendary Chicago School(well-documented years ago in the book Critics andCriticism, edited by R. S. Crâne and translated intoItalian), you hâve to cross over departmental fines intothe camps of Philosophy, Classical Philology andTheology. This is natural if you think of the "return toAristotle" by which the Chicago movement was charac-terized, with the conséquent interest in classical andmédiéval poetics (McKeon) and in a theory of literatureof the interdisciplinary sort.With Wayne Booth away and Elder Oison impossibleto locate, it seems at first as it 111 hâve to be satisfiedwith the portrait painted for me by Paolo Cherchi, anItahanist with a solid Romance background and a curios-îty for things Spanish. His exposition of the mainChicago currents is made even more lively by descriptions of personages like Bernard Weinberg, the greathistorian of Renaissance poetics, whose untimely deathleft behind him a memory fî lie cl with admiration andwarmth. What with those dead and those absent, however, I feel surrounded by ghosts. And yet there aresigns of the Chicago Schools vitality; for example, onElissa Weaver's (another Italianist's) desk I find Aris-totelian analyses of two popular children's books, written by one of her colleagues.Let's now follow another, but concurrent, path. We'rein a sort of courtyard within the campus. In the midst ofthis greenery a little fountain sprays forth some(symbolic?) cooling mist onto girls in sundresses,bookish couples sprawling under the trees, a child whoplays among them. We look for the most shaded table ofthose which surround the courtyard. A multicoloredbanner waves above us; luckily there's a little wind.We're waiting for the logician Léonard Linsky, knownhère also for his wintry plunges into the îcy waters ofLake Michigan. Meanwhile the usual académie meetiesare exchanged; the linguist McCawley had the idea ofentitling his forthcoming book à la Woody Allen, Every -thing Linguists Always Wanted to Know about Logic;another linguist used a computer to compile an exhaustive list of ail extant English and Italian insults — a listworth keeping handy if you want to hâve a quick answersuitable for any occasion.First you see Linsky's bright red hair, then his orangeshirt, blue jeans, and tennis shoes. He has sparklingeyes, a "Roman" nose, a youthful bounce. Youthful en-thusiasm, too, when he talks about his fréquent trips toFlorence, his marathon visits to her muséums, muséumshe knows inside out. He speaks with vénération of his"master" Carnap who came to Chicago from Vienna. Hementions, with humble (or proud?) pauses (after ail, heknows he's not speaking with specialists), his own research into modal linguistics. Then, upon my invitation,he sketches a panorama of contemporary Americanphilosophy, giving spécial weight to the importance ofresearch into the philosophy of language.And yet, Linsky continues, you can see a strong re-ligious aspiration which takes off, strangely enough,from the most abstract and formalized logic. Modallogic studies assertions such as: it is necessary, it is possible, etc. But what is the origin of thèse necessities andpossibilities? From there, a quick jump towards tran-scendence onto paths not very distant from those ofAugustinian theology. It seems to me the opportunemoment; I mention Aristotle and the Chicago School.But when he hears thèse names, Linsky only smiles thesmile usually reserved for things long past. The bannergoes on waving in the wind.As lively as that banner, Mircea Eliade will continuewith some of Linsky's thoughts that evening at theQuadrangle Club. He is writing a new book on the "history ot transcendence," a subject frequently discussed,according to him, in our contemporary world. Eliade'sfervor momentarily strains my polite reserve, as whenhe quotes, with great praise, our Gentile, or when heincludes me in his vision of a gênerai new religiosity.But his sweeping éloquence doesn't make me deviatetoo much from my initial subject of investigation: criti-cism. The historiés of religion and of literature areneighbors for Eliade, and, in tact (with a bit of prodding,I admit), he next begins a polemic against structuralismand the formalizations which today's structuralistsabuse. Before formalizing, you hâve to understand. Iask: Understand with what means? hoping maybesomehow the Chicago School will émerge. Instead,Eliade praises hermeneutics and gives me an example ofwhat he means, using some classical myths as material.Then he scurries off.But what about the Chicago School? I finally find theanswer when I give up looking for it, in Wieboldt Hall,in Sheldon Sacks' office. Professor of English with aspécial interest in the linguistic aspects of texts, Sacksimmédiate ly draws me into his agitated, if lively, state ofexaltation. An intent face, very mobile eyes (in tact,they never stop roaming about); he smokes onecigarette after another with fébrile hands. Often hemakes a quick call to somebody next door or to an Un professore italiano in un campus» amerkanoMa dov'è finitala Scuoladi Chicago?di CESARE SEGRECHICAGO, agostoIl sistema dipartimentale ha anche i suoi inconvenienti. Certo, èpiacevolissimo conversare con Peter Dembowski e Bruce Morrissette.i due professori più in vista del Dipartimento di letterature romanze;ma per inseguire le tracce délia leggendaria Scuola di Chicago (benoutside acquaintance.On his desk among a chaos of books are the firstnumbers of Critical Inquiry, a journal edited by Sacksand coedited by Booth and Heiserman. As I leafthrough them, we plan some collaboration betweenChicago and Italy, we compare ideas, we exchange information. The journal, immediately qualified by thefamous names which are published there, in tact is extrême ly open in its embrace (including not only literature, but also music, cinéma and the figurative arts, al-beit in their theoretical aspects). It is antiacademic in itsmerging of critical articles and writers' testimonies, andabove ail in its two-voiced debates, often anything butpeaceful.In the table of contents and the editorial board list Ifind members of the Chicago School as well as critics ofcompletely différent backgrounds and styles. I re-member then what Crâne said about the necessarilypluralistic position of the critic, about "touch" being asimportant to the critic as "taste" and about the damningconséquences of any sort of dogmatism.I seem to be able to deduce from ail ot this that theChicago Schools activity, thanks to the rigor and theflexibility of its "system," is continuing to be developedwithin the gênerai critical schools of today, within thevarious convergences, répétitions, and intégrations.The Chicago School doesn't exist any more becauseby now Chicago has an excellent school. A school whichdoesn't hesitate to open its doors to the most interestingforeign scholars, from Frye to Gullôn to Gombrich. Thecourtyard, the Quadrangle Club, the offices in WieboldtHall — ail continue unceasingly to prépare new spectacles.Cesare Segre is Professor of Romance Phi/o/og) at the University of 'Paria, Italy. He iras a récipient of au honorary degreefrom The University of Chicago injuue, 1976. This article,translated from the Italian, appeared in the August 2, 1976issue of II Giorno. The translation is by Rebecca \Yrest. Assistant Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures ami inthe Collège.NOSTALGIA 1937-38¦ -—"-.—SquirrelsForty-five years ago the Phoen ix, studenthumor magazine at the University,noted that the squirrel population oncampus had increased dramatically.Wishing to discover the reason behindthe increase, it consulted the Department ot Buildings and Grounds and wastold that the Department had purchasedsix of the turry créatures some time before. They usually cost ten dollarsapiece, the Department revealed, but ithad gotten them tor eight — because itdidn't take the cages.The Phoenix reported ail of this to itsreaders in its January 1932 issue, alongwith the tollowing information: "Someot | the squirrels] are maie and some arefemale, but the department isn't exactlysure which — they say it's hard to tell. . . ."Squirrels are very perishable. Theysutter chietly from two things, we areinformée!: first, from over-feeding, andsecondly, from kidnapping by anatomystudents. The campus squirrels are verytame and trusnng, and they are easilydeluded by people who otter thempeanuts to win their confidence and thenfeed them things like buttons, moth-balls, and jujubes. Contran- to manypersons' opinions, |U|ubes are very badfor squirrels. As far as the vivisectionistsarc concerned, the campus coppers hâveto keep an eternal vigilance against themto prevent their stealing ail the littlebeasts."The University keeps the squirrelsbecause they are very good for the treeson campus, inasmuch as they eat ail theparasites that prey on trees. A greatnumber ot complamts bave been re-ceived, however, trom girls living inBeecher, who resent the squirrels' com-ing up r<> their rooms and begging forfood. The Beecher résidents feel that it'sa question of trees or them, and theL'mversity is seriously considering de-pornng the squirrels to WashingtonPark."'Phoenix, _A/'///,/ri 7 9."'-. pp. 6-". Redfield AgainForty years ago this month JamesRedfield made news tor the first time.The Echo for 1936-37, Cap & Goivn'sparody of Time, retold the story thisway:UnkiJnappedFound after an absence ot eight and ahait hours, during which time the entireresources of Chicagoland police werethrown into the search, was JamesMichael Redfield, 19 months, son ofDean Robert Redfield of the Social Science Division. Kidnapped by LillianKraininberg, 10, and Elmer, 8, JamesMichael had been taken by thèse twoyouthful desperadoes on a tour ofChristmas shopping in the neighbor-hood, had gotten as lost as his SantaClaushopping captors. Returned in goodcondition, James Michael's ransom was agood meal, a twelve-hour sleep.Puddle DuckWhat senior class président and whateditor-elect ot Puise, among others,were involved in honoring GenevièveFish by making her the hrst woman inhistory to be thrown into the BotanyPond? An understandable whim, it didnot resuit in dirtying her nice new dress,did resuit in the Cap and Goivn pass-word, "Please do not throw Fish in theBotany Pond.""Gertie," by A. A. G. and H.F.L. inPhoenix, Jnne 7 937, p. 26.Another MergerOf course the object of the scholasticinfiltration is obvious. Président Hutch-îns was thwarted in his earlier attempt tomerge Chicago and Northwestern [in1933]. The object of that merger was toobtain a Big 10 football championship,as everyone knows. Bitterly disap-pointed, Président Hutchins east abouttor some other means ot attaining such achampionship. To his delight he has dis-covered that his earlier frustration is his ultimate salvation. He can now go for-ward, not only to a Big 10 championship, but to a national championship,simply by pursuing an agreeable educa-tional policy. The end in view is obvi-ously a merger with Notre Dame.Henry A. Reese, in "Ink Pot Pourri,"Phoenix, May 1937, p. 4.Crâne and the Chicago SchoolRonald Salmon Crâne was and is an au-thority on eighteenth century Englishliterature. Not content with going behind the sources, he goes behind whatlies behind the sources, emerging fre-quently with such literary tidbits as, forexample, the discovery that Goldsmith's"Deserted Village" was originally written in the form of an essay. Stimulatedby the McKeon brand of rationalism, herecently concluded that much of hisearly scholarly efforts had been mis-directed, penned a smashing article forThe English Journal in which he pleadedfor less emphasis on history and biog-raphy in the teaching of English literature, more emphasis on the analysis ofliterary works per se — after the mannerof Anstotelian aesthetics. Members ofhis advanced seminar on Tom Jones arepermitted to read nothing but the workitself, discover that such hithertobaffling épisodes as that of the man onthe hill become suddenly flooded withlight. Last year Crâne advanced to thehead ot the English Department. Morethan a mère intellectual, he is a positiveforce to be reckoned with. Already theDepartment has begun to rumble withapproaching reform. Already LiteraryCraniticism is much whispered about inhigher académie circles, threatens toachieve nationwide notoriety.by Martin Gardner, in Phoenix, Eebruary1937, p. 21.Ronald Salmon Crâne, as interpreted by Martin Gardner, AB'36.POSTCARDFROMOLYMPUSMilton Friedman Wins Nobel PrizeMazeltov Milton!(From a Sign on the Fourth Floor ofthe Social Sciences Building)Milton Friedman, who won the NobelPrize for économies on October 14, isthe Paul Snowden Russell distinguishedservice professor in the Department ofEconomies at the University.Known tor his "monetary économies," Friedman has argued that theKeynesian methods of controllinginflation and recession were too simplis-tic. The forces leading to économiefluctuations were too many and toocomplex and the available controlpolicies too imprécise in their function-ing to warrant the view that theeconomy could be easily managed, con-trolled, and even "fine-tuned."Friedman in the 1950s and 1960s lefthis mark on the thinking of his students,his friends, and his fans. By the 1970s,according to his colleague Arnold Har-berger, ". . . it is fair to say that thisinfluence extended to the profession atlarge." And références to the ChicagoSchool — again — were not uncommonwhen describing his particular théoriesof économies.Friedman was born in Brooklyn,N.Y., on July 31, 1912. He earned hisbachelor's degree at Rutgers Universityin 1932, his master's degree at the University of Chicago in 1933, and hisPh.D. at Columbia University in 1946.He began teaching at Columbia in1937, and was visiting professor oféconomies at the University of Wiscon- sin in 1940—41 and associate professor oféconomies and business administrationat the University of Minnesota in1945-46. He became associate professor of économies at the University ofChicago in 1946 and professor in 1948.He has been a Fulbright visiting lec-turer at Cambridge University(1953-54), visiting professor at UCLA(1967) and the University of Hawaii(1972), and Wesley Clair Mitchell visiting research professor at Columbia University (1964-65).He has served as a consultant for theEconomie Co-operation Administration(Paris, 1950) and for the InternationalCo-operation Administration (India,1955); and as a fellow at the Center forAdvanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (1957-58) and as a Ford facultyresearch fellow (1962-63).He was elected président of theAmerican Economie Association in1967. He is now a member of the research staff of the National Bureau ofEconomie Research and a columnist andcontributing editor for Neivsiveek. He isauthor or coauthor of seventeen booksand numerous scholarly articles, and isperhaps best known for his Capitalismand Ereedom (1962).In a statement to CBS, Friedman saidthat the prize was a thrill that he almostcould not put into words. He also said,smiling broadly, that he was glad to hâvethe money. A critic ot the American taxSystem, Friedman added that the moneynot being taxable was a little bit of anextra bonus. Asked if he considered theprize the pinnacle of his career, he an- swered, "No. I regard as the jury Iwould like to judge my scientihcwork — that jury consists of professionaleconomists around the world today andin the future. It does not consist ofseven people who happen to hâve beenselected by the Swedish Academy ofSciences to award the prize. I'm notquestioning it, but I would not want theprofessional judgment of my scientificwork to dépend primarily on what thoseseven people happen to think."John T. Wilson, président of the University, in a statement on the award,said, "This is a proud day for the University of Chicago, and a very happyone. Milton Friedman is one of the bestteachers and one of the great scholars inthis place, and he has been one of itsmost popular and dedicated membersfor three décades."From our point of view, the NobelPrize is something he richly deservesand has deserved for a long time.Milton's scholarly contributions to thediscipline of économies are many andwell known; his creativity is enormous.But for us there is that spécial extraachievement: he has created through hisbrilliant and patient teaching a wholegénération of scholars — many of whomhâve very différent views — scholars whoshare with him his dedication for freeinquiry, to a lifetime of study and research and to the great public duty ofopen discussion ot their ideas."I take great personal delight in hisNobel Prize, and I think every memberof the University does."Milton Friedman is the fortieth NobelLauréate to hâve been associated withthe University as student, teacher, or re-se arc her.Milton Friedman and Saul Bellow speak pri-vately at the April 19 pre-luncheon réceptionfor the King of Sweden.Saul Bellow Receives 1976 Nobel Prizefor LiteratureSaul Bellow was awarded the 19~6Nobel Prize tor Literature on Thursday,October 21. He is the forty-first NobelPrize winner associated with the University as student, teacher, or re-se arc her.Bellow is the Raymond W. andMartha Hilpert Gruner distinguishedservice professor at the University ofChicago. Born in Lachine, Québec,Canada, in 1915, he was raised inChicago. He attended the University ofChicago and completed his bachelor'sdegree in anthropology at NorthwesternUniversity in 1937. He has three timeswon the National Book Award forFiction — the only writer ever to doso — and the Pulitzer Prize, in 1976.His hrst novel, Dangliug Alan, waspublished in 1944 and his second, TheVictim. in 1947. In 19 1 8 he was awardeda Guggenheim tellowship and spent twoyears in Paris, where he began 1 he Ad-ventures of Angle March. which won theNational Book Award in 1954.Bellow's other books include Seize theDay (1951); Heiiderum the Ram King(1959); Herzog. which won the NationalBook Award in 1965; Modiy's Memoir\and Other Stories (1968); and Air. Sammler's Planet, the third of the National Book Award winners in 1970.H umboldt's Gift won the PulitzerPrize in 1976. In the fall of 1976, Bellow published his first book ofnon-fiction, To Jérusalem and Back; APersonal Account, based on the journal hekept during his visit to Israël the yearbefore.In 1965 he was given the International Literary Prize for Herzog.becoming the first American to receivethat award. In January 1968 the Republic ot France awarded to him the Croixde Chevalier des Arts et Lettres, thehighest literary distinction awarded bythat nation to noncitizens.He has contributed fiction to PartisanReview. Harper's Bazaar, the Neiv Yorker,Esquire. and literary quarterlies. Hiscriticism has appeared in the New YorkI unes Book Review, Horizon . Encounter,the New Repnblw, the New Leader, andother periodicals. A portion of his bookTo Jérusalem and Back appeared in theNew Yorker.Bellow has taught at Princeton University, New York University and theUniversity ot Minnesota. He came tothe University of Chicago in 1963 tojoin the English Department and theCommittee on Social Thought, of whichThe m cnc a lune heon on April 19, 1976, given by lohn T. Wilson, Président of the University (farrighn. m honor ol His Majestv Cari XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (second from right). The twogentlemen on the left— both members of the faculty who are also alumni — see the king again onDeeember 10 when thev receue their Nobel Prizes. Left is Milton Friedman, second from left isSaul Bellow. Making introductions is Robert L. Ashenhurst icenter), Marshall of the University. he was chairman from 1970 to 1976. Hehas received honorary degrees fromBard Collège, Northwestern University,Harvard University, Yale University,McGill University, Brandeis University,Hebrew Union College-Jewish Instituteof Religion, and Trinity Collège, Dublin.At the press conférence on the day ofthe announcement, Bellow admittedthat receiving the prize generatedsomewhat conflicting émotions: "Thechild in me is delighted," he said; "theadult in me is skeptical."He resisted the press attempts to:first, characterize him as a Midwest writer; second, identify him with one of hischaracters; and third, extract a description of his work-in-progress. Bellow saidthat he thought the Midwest producedmany artists and writers for export toboth coasts. Later he added, "I'm a modem writer, not a Chicago writer, not aJewish writer."He denied writing himself into hischaracters, explaining "To be literallyfaithful to ones life is very difficult."And he cited a personal superstition("It's bad luck to talk about it") to a reporter who asked what he was workingon now.Somewhat surprised by the numberand intensity of the press queries, Bellow reterred several vague questionsabout "meaning" to a quote: "Hemingway says if you're looking for a message,apply to Western Union." And then headded, thoughtfully, that "WesternUnion doesn't deliver any more."Disclaiming real "roots" anywhere, hesaid, "I hâve wires hère."As a description of the kinds of congratulations he was receiving, he said, "Iheard from old professors of mine whoare pleased with my progress. . . ."Président John T. Wilson said in astatement: "This is, again, a happy dayfor the University of Chicago. We areproud of Saul Bellow and delighted bythis honor to him. That Saul is a greatwriter is the judgment of the world andwe are happy to agrée with the world.But to us he is much more — a reallygreat citizen of this community of learning, where he was once a student andwhere he has been a respectée! scholarand a fine teacher for many years. Hislife and work in this place hâve madehim loved personally and hâve remindedus ail, through the years, of the pro-founel importance of imaginative under-standing in the human adventure. I amsure everyone in the University takesthis prize as a personal honor in a way,and that Saul will see that pride as anexpression of our feelinas about him "Analyzing HistoryThe arguments over "quanto-history"hâve given way to more fashionable disputes, but student interest in a collo-quium called "Quantitative Methods forHistorians" continues unabated. Eachyear, 20 to 25 students take the course,which is taught by Edward Cook andJohn Coatsworth, both Assistant Professors in History and the Collège. Theyteach the colloquium with two goals inmind. One is to acquaint the totally un-initiated student with the vocabularyand theory of quantitative work. ("Noprior training in statistics, mathematics,or data processing is required," their syl-labus confidently explains.) With thisbackground, the student should be ableto read intelligently the increasingamount of historical writing which isbased on quantitative material. Theirother goal is to help those students whoplan to use quantitative methods in theirown work to become acquainted withcomputers. Specifically, this means anability to use the Statistical Package forthe Social Sciences (SPSS), a programdesigned to be useful in analyzing socialscience data. The quantitative and statisticalmethods which Coatsworth and Cookteach are applicable to a variety of historical problems. (They distinguish between "quantitative" work, which involves only the counting and présentation of data, and "statistical" work,which is the analysis ot it by statisticalmethods.) Most readers are familiar withthe use of thèse methods in the analysisof census data or voting returns, butthey can be applied to many other problems as well. John Marino, a graduatestudent, has, for instance, used them tostudy patterns of sheep-raising inMédiéval Italy. Julius Kirshner, Assistant Professor in History and one of theten or so faculty members who hâve au-dited the course, has analyzed dowriesfrom Médiéval Florence by means ofthem. The patterns that hâve emerged inhis studies hâve revealed important information about things as disparate asinvestment policies, actuarial assump-tions, mortality rates and marital statusamong the Florentines. Some historiansdo not apply statistical methods to num-bers at ail. Michael McKillip, a graduatestudent who has not taken the course (he had already had a good grounding instatistics when he came to Chicago), hasapplied his statistical skills to the studyof the various scripts used by stonecut-ters on ancient monuments. The largenumber of students taking thecourse — equal to one third of the newstudents entering the department eachyear — means that it has had a significanteffect on the work of the department'sstudents. Cook's estimate is that eight toten more students are attracted to theuse of quantitative methods each yearbecause they hâve taken the course. It isnot that he and Coatsworth are engagée!in turning out "quantitative historians,"but that tamiliarity with quantitativemethods increases the likelihood thatstudents will find uses for them in theirown research. He finds this to be true ofhis own weirk. "I am attracted to problems involving the analysis of unused orunder-utilized materials," he says, "andmost of them seem to require somestatistical treatment."Cook points out, though, that historians cannot rely exclusively on anysingle tool for analyzing évidence. Hisown study of colonial leadership élites,A Spécial Vrepublicalion OffeiDREAMS IN STONETHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICACOA magnificent book of new architectural photographs of oneof the most beautiful eampuses in America.The 165-acre campus is a rare collection of great architecture and fancy: splendor in a place of pastoral tran-quillity.More than 70 of the century 's best architects havc builthère: Cobb, Burnham, Pcrkins, Wright, Goodhue, Mies,Saarinen, Netsch, Barnes, Colburn among them.Dreams in Slone evokes the cnchantment of the arts ofplanning, of architecture, ot photography. The text is limitée! to architectural information and dates. The stunningpictures tell their story most eloquently.The lirst édition is limited and this offer at $29.50 percopy, prepaid, is available only until 1/1/77 when the priccwill he $35.00.lO'A x '* inches 2KN pages 34S pieturcs hardbounelPhotographs by Luis Mcilina and José Lopcs anel Patrice GrimbertEclitors: D. J. R. Bruckner aiul Irène MaeaulevAlso available in selected bookstores. I enclose $ for copy(ies) ofDiTiUiis in Stone: The 'University o/ Cbicaçlo @ $29.50($35.0(1 after 1/1/77). Make checks payable to:The University of ChicagoNameAddressCity State Zip Mail to: The University of ChicagoVice-Président for Public AffairsBox 100, 970 East 58th StreetChicago, Illinois 60637The Fathers of the Towns, required, forinstance, caretul examination ot townrecords and other documents so that hewould know |ust what "voting" meant inseventeenth-century America. "It anhistorian is counting votes, he has to détermine what they really are — what theymean in context — so he'll kne>w what itis he is counting." It might be said thatCoatsworth and Cook are teaching history students how te) count intelligently.Dam Appointed to International LégalStudies ProfessorshipKenneth W. Dam has been appointed tothe Harold J. and Marion F. Green Professorship in International Légal Studiesat the University. He is the first to fillthe chair established through an en-dowment trom Chicago lawyer HaroldJ. Green and his wite, Manon. Greenwas a member of the University's Citi-zens Board from 1963 through 1974,and served on its régional campaigncommutée in 196". He earned under-graeluate and law degress at the Llniver-sity.Dam, who has been a member of thelaw faculty hère smce i960, took leavetrom 197 1 through 1973 to serve first asan assistant director ot the U.S. Office otManagement and Policy and second asexecutive director ot the U.S. Councilot Economie Policy.He became interested in internationallégal studies as a student at The University ot Chicago Law School in themid-1950s. In a course he teaches at theLaw School, Dam tocuses on how theGATT, the International MonetaryFund, and other post-World War II international institutions and organiza-tions influence économie outeomes. Heteaches a seminar on the separatiejin otpowers amemg the government s threebranches, anel a course m constitutionallaw. an interest heightened by a year hespent as law clerk to Mr. Justice CharlesF. W'hittaker ot the U.S. Suprême Court.His latest book is OU Rnounes: Who Gct\What Hou ? He is concluding work on abook dealing with Li.S. économie policyanel how it is madeCasper Appointed toMax Pam ProfessorshipGcrharel Casper has been appointée) theMax Pain Professor ot American andForeign Law The professorship was established 111 IVsd with an endowmenttrom the estate ot Max Pam, a Chicagocorporation Iaw\cr who died in 1925.Casper, a member ot the taculties ot law and political science at the University since 1966, is the second person tofill the chair. The first was Max Rhein-stein, who retirée! in 1966 and continuesas the Max Pam Professor Emeritus.Gerhard Casper, born in Hamburg,Germany, received his basic légal train-ing at the Universities of Freiburg andHamburg. He was a graduate fellow atYale Law School, where he earned hisLL.M. in 1962, He received rhe Doctorof Civil and Canon Law (îuris utriusque)degree from the University of Freiburgin 1964, and taught at the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, until 1966. He wasvisiting professor of law at CatholicUniversity of Louvain, Belgium, in1 970. He has written articles and re-views on such subjects as financing political parties in the U.S. and Germany,apportionment, the rtght to vote, légaléducation, constitutional ceinstraints onforeign and défense policies, executiveprivilège in the U.S. and emergencypowers ot the U.S. Président. He hastrequently testified betejre Congres-sional committees on questions ot constitutional law. in particular the séparation ot power.Davidson Named University ProfessorDonald Davidson was appointed University Professor in the Department ofPhilosophy when he joined the University faculty at the beginning of the Au-tumn Quarter.He has been a faculty member andchairman ot the philosophy departmentsat Stanford University from 195 7 to1967, and at Princeton University from1970 to 1976. He has taught at Harvard,trom which he received the B.A., M. A.,and Ph.D. degrees, and at RockefellerUniversity and Queens Collège, and atother American, Asian, and Europeanuniversities.Davidson has been selected to givethe Paul Carus Lectures for the American Philosophical Assn. in the near future. At the University, he is teaching agraduate course entitled, "Theory of Action. "Ravin AppointedHarding ProfessorArnold W. Ravin has been apointed thehrst Addie Clark Harding Professor ofBiology anel Its Conceptual Foundationsin the Collège. He is Professor in Biology, Microbiology, the Collège, theCommittees on Genetics and Evolu-tionary Biology, and Chairman of theCommittee on the Conceptual Foundations ot Science. The endowed professorship honorsthe late Addie Clark Harding, an authorwho lived in the Hyde Park area.Ravin will serve as Program Coor-dinator and chairman of the ProgramCommittee for the University's newfour-year undergraduate-graduate cur-riculum in arts and sciences basic tohuman biology and medicine. Ravin is abiologist with spécial interests in bacte-rial genetics, microbial évolution, andDNA-mediated transformation.The new curriculum is an integratedprogram of science and humanitiesstudies that provides a foundation foreither médical practice or other important fields related to health.Médiéval )ewish Academy Found —As PredictedWhen a bulldozer clearing the courtyardof the sixteenth-century Palace ot Justice in Rouen, France, plunged into adeep hole, a prédiction made by Norman Golb was fulfilled.For ten years Golb, a professor ofNear Eastern languages and civilizationsat the University, has been gathering thematerials which support his thesis: thatmédiéval Rouen was a flourishing centerfor Jewish culture and Hebraic studies.He had visited Rouen many times towalk its streets, early maps in hand, andhad studied dozens of old manuscriptsthere and in Paris, Cambridge,Jérusalem, and other cities. There had tobe an academy — a central area or building. Where was it?In his book, The History and Culture of the Jews of Médiéval Rouen, hevvrote, "It is too bad that this text con-cerning the Academy (a référence to afifteenth-century manuscript describedby nineteenth-century French historianCharles de Beaurepaire) has been lost.This manuscript would perhaps hâvemade it possible tor scholars to knowthe précise place of the building in theStreet ot Jews. The tact that this building is not mentioned after the fifteenthcentury encourages me in the view thatit was on the northern sicle of the streetand that it was destroyed at the time otthe building ot the Palace of Justice.'At the excavation site by mid-August,the Seine-Maritime Régional Department for Conservation of AncientBuildings and Monuments had uncov-ered three walls of a structure whichthey theorized were part of a synagogue.On the basis of évidence at the site, de-pattment officiais believed it had beenrazed sometime in the fifteenth centurytor the Palace ot Justice construction.In September, Norman Golb, whohad been studying in Paris, made aspur-of-the-moment trip to Rouen tovisit friends. On arrivai, he discoveredthat the University of Rouen had wiredthe University of Chicago, asking him tocome immediately to help identify thefind. Thanks to the inquisitiveness of therabbi of Rouen, his name was fast be-coming a household word in that city.While officiais at the dig site had beenpuzzling over the nature of their find,Rabbi Elie Martiano was searchingthrough the Rouen Public Library wherehe had found a copy of Golb's book. Hehad noted the section about theacademy being destroyed about the timeof the Palace of Justice construction.The words fairly exploded on the excavation site, and Golb found a welcom-ing party of French scholars and officiaiswho had been anxiously awaiting his inspection of the dig. He concluded thatthe structure was a Jewish academy ofhigher learning. The physical évidenceat the site and a wealth of historical datawere both considered. Archeologistshâve dated the buildings constructionbetween A.D. 1090 and 1110. Consid-ering the vicissitudes in the relationshipof the Rouennaise Jews to the larger society, Golb places the probable con struction period as 1099 to 1105 — aperiod of almost unbroken tranquillityfor the Jews which lasted until 1306, atranquillity that allowed Jewish scholarship to develop to its greatest heights inmédiéval France."The ground floor evidently served asthe schools library, where the manuscripts were safely stored along the win-dowless walls, individual codices thenbeing taken by scholars of the academyfor study to the upper stories," he ex-plains. "This is the way monastic li-braries were constructed before the thir-teenth century." Remains of a beautifulspiral staircase hâve been found in onecorner of the building.In the current climate of burstingRouennaise pride, publication of aFrench édition of T he History and Culture of the Jews of Médiéval Rouen seemsassured, and permission is being soughtto temporarily remove a portion of thegrand staircase to the Palace of Justicewhich covers the fourth wall of themédiéval building.In Memoriam: Paul H. Douglas,1892-1976Paul H. Douglas, former DémocratieSenator from Illinois, died Friday, Sep tember 24, in Washington, D.C. At 84,he was still a figure commanding greatrespect from both political and académiecolleagues atThe University of Chicago.In 1973, Paul Simon, former lieutenant governor of Illinois said, "There is aremarkable, Lincolnesque quality aboutthe man. . . . Douglas sought publicoffice not to satisfy an emotional need,not to be honored as a solon, but because what he hoped to accomplish hadto be done through public office. Whileothers were testing public opinion to détermine the issues, Paul Douglas ledpublic opinion."Many of his roots were put downwhile he was at the University and livingin its community. Douglas came to theUniversity in 1920 as assistant professorof économies; he was made associateprofessor in 1923, and full professor in1925. He remained with the Universityfor 25 years.During his académie career, he inves-tigated Samuel Insull's utility holdingcompany empire, revised and rewrotethe Illinois 1935 Pension Act, the Illinois 1937 Unemployment InsuranceAct, and the Fédéral Social Security Actin 1935 and 1939. In 1939, he waselected alderman in the Chicago CityCouncil from the Fifth Ward — the HydeSTHE IDEA OF THEUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOSélections from the Papers of the First EightChief Executives of the University of Chicagofrom 1891-1975Edited by William Michael Murphy andD. J. R. BrucknerChicago 60637 University ofChicago. PRESS . ^w^nA hère is one idea of the University of Chicago, but it hashad many interprétations by the institution's first eightprésidents. Although the selected excerpts from thepapers, speeches and other writings of the présidents wereaimed at diverse audiences and were often addressed tospécifie problems, they reveal the présidents' commonbelief that the University's greatness has rested on itsuncompromising dedication to research and to éducation.The présidents' concern lies with the strenuousintellectual endeavors of research, learning, and teaching,and also with less idéal matters: the character andconduct of faculty, of students, of trustées, withbuildings, money, urban renewal and politics, hospitalsand dances. In thèse excerpts one can watch an idea of aUniversity unfold.528 pages Cloth $15.00Park area.After serving with the Marines dunngWorld War II, in the '50s he foughtagainst Pentagon waste, and tor civilrights and tor what came to be calledenvironmental protection. He was instrumental in establishing the IndianaDunes National Lakeshore, opposingthe industrial development curlingaround the south end of Lake Michigan.After three terms in the U.S. Senate,from 1948 to 1966, he was defeated byCharles Percy who had been anéconomies student of his at the University.Douglas returned to teaching as a professor of économies at the New Schoolfor Social Research in New York City,in January, 1967, and taught until 1970.He is survived by his wife, Emily TaftDouglas (PhB'19), who is the daughterof sculptor Lorado Taft, and former Illinois congresswoman at large(1945-47).In Memoriam: Gustavus F. SwiftGustavus F. Swift, archeologist andCurator of the Oriental InstituteMuséum ot the University, died Oct. 1.He was 59 years old.Associated with the Oriental Institute since 1951, Swift had served as curatorwith full responsibility for administration and management of the Muséumsince 1969. At the time of his death, hewas concluding arrangements tor an ex-traordinary exhibition of treasures fromthe burial chamber of King Tutankha-men, which will open to the public inApril under the co-sponsorship of TheUniversity of Chicago and the FieldMuséum.Since 1960, Swift had been senior archeologist and administrative offîcer forthe American archeological expéditionof Sardis, the capital of the ancient king-dom of Lydia, now part of western Tur-key. During the summers of 1960through 1966 and in 1968 and 1970, hesupervised excavations there in themarket area that existed during thereigns of the Lydian kings Gyges andCroesus in the seventh and sixth centuries B.C., and uncovered earlier remains bearing on the time of the TrojanWar and of the earlier Hittite Empire.He was preparing a publication on thèseexcavations at the time of his death.Under his supervision as curator, theOtiental Institute Muséum underwenttwo major remodeling projects, the firstsince it opened in 1931. In the last threeyears of his curatorship, the Institute Muséum had launched an extensive conservation program to protect its délicateartifacts against the rigors of the Chicagoclimate.Swift received his A.B. degree in classics and fine arts from Harvard Collègein 1939- The University of Chicagogranted him a Ph.D. degree in Orientallanguages and literatures in 1958. Hewas the grandson of the founder of Swift& Co.He is survived by his widow, Eleanor;three children, Mrs. Alice S. Riginos,Mrs. Eleanor S. Glass, and Gustavus F.Swift III; three sisters, Mrs. GéraldineS. Taylor, Mrs. Marie S. Spiel, and Mrs.Jane S. Moore; and two grandchildren.Books by Members of the FacultyEdward M. Cook, Jr., The Fathers of theTowns: Leadership and Community Structure in Eighteenth- Century New England(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, 1976) pp. xviii+273. $12.95.Gary S. Becker, The Economie Ap-proach to Human Behavior (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1976) pp.320. $17.00.John Hope Franklin, Racial Equalityin America (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1976) pp. 128. $7.95.Martin E. Marty, A Nation of Behavers(Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1976) pp. 256. $8.95.Kenneth W. Dam, 0/7 Resources: WhoGets What How? (Chicago: UniversityofChicago Press, 1976) pp. 208. $1 1.95.Norman MacLean, A River Rnnsthrough It: And Other Stories (Chicago:University ot Chicago Press, 1976) pp.232. $7.95.Helen Harris Perlman, Personal SocialRôle and Personality (Chicago: UniversityofChicago Press," 1976) pp. 256. $4.50(paper).Margaret K. Rosenheim (ed), Pursu-iug Justice for the Child with a forewardby Robert Maynard Hutchins (Chicago:University ot Chicago Press, 1976) pp.389. S 12.95.Paul E. Peterson, School Politics.Chicago Style (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1976) pp. 320. $15.00.J. David Greenstone & Paul E. Peter-son, Race and Authority in Urban Poli-tics: Community Participation and theWar on Poverty (Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1976) pp. 392. $5.95(paper).William H. McNeilI, Plagues andPeoples (Anchor Press/Doubleday )S10.00.Saul Bellow, To Jérusalem and Back(The Viking Press, 1976) pp. 192. S8.95.is,.!tgimmw!mw<s-mmwqmmfm^jmM<:w9,.r)moMmtmimmtmi h—ii<,^iiii iii.iiii i m mi fiin-ALUMNI NEWSWill Geer: Plain Speaking Cornesto the Chicago Comedy FestivalWill Geer, former botany student(SB'24), now known to several milliontélévision viewers as Grandpa Walton,strode down the Quadrangle Club corridor. A Saturday wedding party, glazedwith the responsibility of centerpiece-carrying, missed him. Two young peopleon the sidewalk didn't. They asked forautographs. Several adults passed andsmiled strangely, like persons who, re-signed to life without Santa Claus, hadsuddenly found him in the sunshine on57th Street.Geer would perform that evening inMandel Hall. His part in the ChicagoFestival of Comedy séries (see story in"On the Midway") was entitled "HorseSensé," a label he didn't think of highly."Horse Sensé!" he snorted."Nothing's dumber than a horse, 'ceptmaybe a chicken!" His performance included readings from Mark Twain toEugène Field, with stops at RobertFrost, Woody Guthrie, and Yeats. Geerquotes from ail of them in the course ofconversation.Standing in Hutchinson Court, herecognized his old classroom in theBotany Building, room 101. "We usedto go on field trips," he said, peeringinto a window. John M. Coulter washead of the department then, and RollinD. Salisbury in geology. Geer was ascholarship student to the Universityfrom the Frankfort High School inFrankfort, Indiana. "I wrote an essay,"he said, "and won a scholarship inbotany and zoology." Poking about inthe courtyards on both sides of theBotany Building (now the Erman Biology Center), he paused to collect fruitsand seeds from some flowering trees. "Ihelped the Department of Buildings and Grounds plant some of thèse crab[apple] trees in the '20s," he said. "Beenback to visit them, too."His time at the University seemed tobe divided between botany and acting."My interest in the theater hère," hesaid, "came about because of a volumeby George Baskerville calledElizabethan Jigs. I ran across it when Iwas working in the library stacks. TheElizabethans thought that, in order to beproperly educated, you had to be able torecite a poem, sing a ballad, play an instrument, and dance — usually at thesame time."The population was smaller then,and a lot of people got around to doingit, and what they did resulted in peoplelike Shakespeare.""I staged thèse jigs, which were shortpièces concerned with getting a girl introuble or out of trouble, and dancedand sang at the same time. Hère at Mandel Hall and in Reynolds Club, I put onsome twenty or thirty productions. Infact, I put on so many that the Administration decided we should hâve a dramadepartment and got in Frank O'Hara.He was hère a number of years." [FrankH. O'Hara joined the faculty in 1924and remained active in the Dramatic Association until 1938.]Theatrics were not ail confined to thecampus, however. In the early '20s Geerand his acting friends would drive down-town to be extras (at one dollar a night)for the Chicago Theaters, the opéra, andtraveling groups like the Moscow ArtTheater."And then we would go to the DillPickle Club and hang around the fringesto listen to the newspaper men talk: BenHecht and Cari Sandburg — he wasworking for a newspaper then — andDorothy Parker." Despite Geer's man aging to get most of his drama friendsand fraternity brothers (he was aLambda Chi Alpha) working downtownas extras, he says that, really, amusements around the campus were simple."We didn't hâve marijuana and didn'thâve money for béer; we sort of madedo more. I had an expérience in a smallschool in Alabama that was like it. Weail gathered around the piano withtrumpets and horns and sang songs — thesame sort ot thing we do on The Wal-tons,' of course. I think people miss thatsort of thing in their home life."Geer's parents were not particularlyunsettled by their son's venture intotheater. "Mother was a teacher," he says."I've always thought that teaching wasvery must a part of theater. I mean,teaching is theater. I'm one-thirdteacher, one-third actor, and one-thirdbotanist. If there's another third, I hopeI never find it — it's the looking that's in-teresting."His teaching third is évident inMichael Wilson, a young actor travelingwith Geer and playing the younger versions of the people Geer créâtes for theaudience. ("I hâve careful notes fromJulia Marlowe on how to play Romeo,but I haven't been able to play Romeofor fifty-five years.") Young actors, froma variety of schools, audition and Geerpicks someone suitable. He has beendoing this for fifteen or twenty years.This apprenticeship System is a resuit ofthe year Geer ran out of money as anundergraduate and had to sell pianos.This financial plight came to the attention of Harold Swift, who was head ofthe Drama Club at that time. "Swift of-fered me a scholarship to help paytuition — something like $700, whichwas a lot of money. I offered to pay itback somehow. He said, 'We gambledon you, and when you make a success inthe business, you'll do the same.' "CorrectionWhile the autumn issue of theMAGAZINE was in préparation, thewriter of one of the articles, BruceWinstein, was promoted from researchassociate to assistant professor ofphysics, not, as the note on the authorsaid, associate professor. The article,"Wanted: New Hypothèses in HighEnergy Physics," was a condensed version of the first séries of Arthur HollyCompton lectures, given under the auspices of the Enrico Fermi Institute.1916ANDREW C. IVY, SB'l6, SM'18, PhD'18,MD'21, Oak Park, IL, has retired as director ot the Ivy Cancer ResearchFoundation.1919MARJORIE BARROWS, Xl9, author,former editor of Chili! Life and theChi/dreu's Hour, has received a citationtrom Who' s Who in America, where shehas been listed for more than fortyyears, for "demonstrating outstandingachievement in her own field of en-deavor and contributing significantly tothe betterment of contemporary society." Two générations ot youngstershâve enioyed Barrows' children's books.She has also compiled several poetryvolumes as well as anthologies tor bothchildren and adults. Her One ThousandBeautiftil Things. which reviewers hâvecalled "one ot the best-loved anthologiesever published," has been in pnnt fortwenty-tive years. Previejus awards include a scroll trom the Chicago Foundation for Literature for notable contributions to the literary héritage ot Chicago.She lives in Evanston, IL.1920"I had plenty of exposure, but l neverhad any threats on my lite," said civilrights leaeler HARLB. DICKERSON, JD'20,to Chicago Sitn-T unes reporter LauraGreen earlier this year. "1 suppose people thought I was so unlikely to succeed that they let me survive and seek mywindmills." Dickerson, whose recollections appeared in a spécial Sun-TimesBicentennial séries of articles, is chairman emeritus of Suprême Life Insurance Co.; a former Chicago alderman; afounder of the American Légion; andformer président of the Chicago UrbanLeague, the National Bar Association,and the National Lawyers Guild. In theSun-Times interview, he recounted themany changes he has seen in the statusof blacks during his eighty-four years andspoke on the prospects for achieving atrue racial equality in the future.1921THOMAS E. BLACKWELL, PhB'21, Mon-terey, CA, who retired in 1956 as vice-chancellor of Washington University,St. Louis, is currently editor of the Collège Law Digest, a publication of the National Association of Collège and University Attorneys.1925ROGERS D. RUSK, PfiD'25, professoremeritus of physics at Mount HolyokeCollège, held a month-long, one-manshow of thirty-four of his watercolorpaintings earlier this year at the Wis-tariahurst Muséum in Holyoke, MA.Rusk's paintings, which hâve been ex-hibited in a number of cities, range fromoccasional abstract expressionism to thepurely literal représentation of New England mountain and shoreline scènes.1927EVERETT CREWS, PhB'27, lives in thecity of Enid, OK, where he has been associated with the Crews InsuranceAgency for some forty-seven years.1928HARRIET GEORGE BARCLAY, whose induction into the Oklahoma Hall of Faméwas noted in the autumn issue of theMAGAZINE, was incorrectly identifiedas a PhD'54. Barclay, who received herdoctorate in 1928, should, of course,hâve been listed with that class.HANNA E. KRUEGER, PflB'28, AM'43,has moved from Fredericton, NewBrunswick, Canada, to Panorama City, aretirement community in Olympia, WA.HELEN HILL MILLER, PhD'28, is theauthor of George Masou, RevolutionaryGentleman, a biography of the author ofVirginia's bill of rights.1929HERBERT G. MAY, AM'29, PhD'32,emeritus professor of religion at OberlinCollège and an internationally known Biblical scholar, has received an honor-ary doctor of humane letters degree fromOberlin. May is currently vice-chairmanof the Old Testament section of the Re-vised Standard Version Bible Committee, on which he served as chairmanfrom 1966 to 1974, and is one of thoseprimarily responsible for the acceptanceof that version of the Bible by theCatholic Church.MINOTT STICKNEY, PhB'29, MD'34, ablood diseases specialist, has retiredfrom the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN)which he joined in 1939.1930GEORGE F. JAMES, PhB'30, JD'32,former dean of the graduate school ofbusiness at Columbia University andsenior vice-président of the Mobil OilCorp., has been elected chairman of theboard of trustées of Husson Collège,Bangor, ME. James is a former assistantdean of the Law SchoolGEORGE F. STEWART, SB' 30, retiredlast year as professor of food science andtechnology at the University of California, Davis. Co-founder of the International Committee of Food Science andTechnology, Stewart pioneered in research on processing and preservingpoultry méat, shell eggs, and dehydratedegg products.1931CHARLES A. POLLAK, PhB'31, LosAngeles, received an honorary degree ofdoctor of business administration lastspring from Washburn University, To-peka, KS. Pollak, presently retired, isactive in philanthropie causes.1932EDGAR T. THOMPSON, PhD'32, amember of the sociology faculty ofDuke University, reports the publication of his book, Plantation Societies,Race Relations, and the South (Durham,NC: Duke University Press, 1975).Thompson taught at the University ofHawaii for two years before joining theDuke faculty in 1935.ARMISTEAD S. PRIDE, AM'32, retireddean, professor and department chairman of the school of journalism at Lincoln University, received an honorarydoctorate of humane letters fromNorthwestern University during commencement exercises last June.1933JULIUS r. cogen, AB'33, am'35, has re-signed as executive director of theCleveland Histadrut Campaign, a posthe held for twenty-three years, to be-come director of the Chicago HistadrutCampaign.KENNETH C. PRINCE, PhB'33, JD'34,senior partner in the law firm of Prince,Schoenberg, Fisher & Newman, hasbeen installed as président of theChicago Bar Association.1934GEORGE C. ASHMAN, SM'34, retiredfrom his career as a chemist at PPG Industries, now has completed a four-month assignment for the InternationalExecutive Corps, a non-profit organiza-tion through which retired executiveslend their managerial expertise, on avolunteer basis, to assisting enterprisesin developing nations. Ashman devotedhis stint abroad to advising Industria deTinta Hidrossoluvel, Joao Pessoa,Brazil, on research development techniques. He and Mrs. Ashman are nowback home in Delaware, OH.Citizens and the Environment: CaseStudies in Popular Action, coauthored byLYNTON K. CALDWELL, PhB'34, PhD'43,Arthur F. Bentley professor of politicalscience and professor in the school ofpublic and environmental affairs at In-diana University, has been published byIndiana University Press. An environ-mental expert, Caldwell is the author ofseveral previous works, including In Défense of Earth.WILBUR J. GLENDENING, JD'34, wassworn in in November 1975 as the firstfull-time U.S. magistrate in the NorthernDistrict of Indiana.1935SARA GWIN RAMSEY, AB'35, and EDWINL. RAMSEY, JR., AB'35, held an openhouse for Orange County, CA, alumnion August 28 at their home in CoronaDel Mar. The group of fifty who at-tended, representing a wide spread ofclass years, enjoyed refreshments in theRamseys' garden, and there was interestexpressed in organizing an OrangeCounty chapter of University ofChicago alumni. Among those présentwas BARBARA WENZEL GILFILLANCROWLEY, AB'44, président of the University of Chicago Club of Los Angeles.The Ramseys were active in Los Angelesclub affairs for many years prior to theirmove to Corona Del Mar.ROBERT A. HALL, JR., AM'35, retiredfrom the Cornell University faculty June30 and was named professor of linguis-tics and Italian emeritus. A member ofthe Cornell faculty since 1946, Hall isconsidered one of the world's foremostauthorities on the Italian language andthe comparative grammar of the Ro mance languages. He is also an authorityon gênerai linguistics as well as créoleand pidgin languages.PAUL A. SAMUELSON, AB'35, instituteprofessor of économies at MIT and1970 Nobel lauréate in économies,received an honorary degree from theUniversity of Rochester on May 9-DOROTHY TOOHEY HAYES, AM'35,PhD'50, upon her retirement earlier thisyear as professor of éducation at theState University Collège, New Paltz,NY, was given the State University ofNew York's highest honor, the distin-guished teaching professor award. Hayesspent twenty-eight of her fifty years inthe teaching profession in the SUNYSystem, 26 of thèse at New Paltz.IRVIN E. LUNGER, AM'35, DB'36,PhD'38, président of Transylvania University (Lexington, KY) since 1957, hasretired from that post but continues toserve as senior consultant to the executive committee of the governing boardof curators. Lunger's tenure in the toppost was the longest in the history of the195-year-old institution.1936BENJAMIN LIBET, SB'36, PhD'39, pro-fessor of physiology at the University ofCalifornia Médical Center in San Francisco, is a member of a research teaminvestigating the mechanism of memory.Events or internai thoughts that stimu-late the brain, he believes, may triggerthe release of chemicals that sensitizenerve cells so that impulses pass alongthem more easily. The chemical changesin the cells are long-lasting, according tohis theory, and continue to speed impulses from one nerve cell to another.HERMAN KOGAN, AB'36, editor of theChicago Sun-Times' "Show" magazine,has been named co-recipient of thepress vétéran of the year awards, pre-sented annually by the Chicago PressVétérans' Association. Kogan has written nearly a dozen books about Chicago.His latest, with Rick Kogan, isYesterday's Chicago. Kogan received theUniversity's Communicator of the yearaward in 1973.1937From J. BERNARD ("BERN") LUNDY,AB'37, of Lundy's Island Inn, GreatCorn Island, Nicaragua, cornes the fol-lowing: What must hâve been one of the"most sélect" (read, "smallest") alumnireunions recorded took place in August1976 on Corn Island when STEPHEN P.MURRAY, PhD'66, led a group ofgeophysical scientists of the LouisianaState University coastal studies institute •' * fm j « j «v ¦ ¦ « i,m rm Hrri rrr» rrn, r,</ W V V VX,s .p»' >» >«7' :« afi #¦' ;«¦' :#« ;«, ij,. f». f* 'f*-!fm ifi' \f%<*§! :tn ifi: ,«•¦: [fi* '*»' "i\**i P™3 r"^ r™Y r*1 P*J n<y x? xl xi. x? W M**¦' "fi': j«i'; 'f*\ \f*': '« '«h >«b Içjg :«¦' nSj <'fï %W v W wW © 5, lssJ \êê He! J3. ïiil '<**«Fj \mms ifi) [fi] \fzm\ fin] F, i*ÉJ 1*2. J*J L*3L !*»': i*Ë..} 9 t§ g 9 IQf <^.«*! iïjS] :3n\ rfi-\ n»7 yç»; F*»WS V V w xl *à p£j Gç», l** >£ p*; àjLf W \@? *S? \S? *w \jy.«El f«T] fâëSrl ifflT! \fW\ 1**7 i?Ç3 ^p Ep w, w WFi F«ii 1**1 >"*. i*»; L**j '\£S* rM) mu 'ijsù i££ isêi -&* ^ttiif! f**1 fififi j'âMi": !"wTi .«P :*JL ijraBl'îjpR-'f'Él 'OjB 1*5J S îî,:[S 9 IQ §_^ © Ç^ î«Ei r«T r«E! t#»i g»] [»,' i**! SE Ûïîï lîîi ir**i^WThe University of Chicago tie.Custom made in the traditiontyou re aceustomed to. In maroonor navy, 8,00. Please specifycolor, and game for personal-ized label. |WM. M. FRAZIN CO.*25 East WashingtonChicago, IL 60602'Manufacturers of distinctive corporate logoneckwear. 1.00 postage. 5% sales tax in 111on a field trip to the Caribbean. Thegroup headquartered at Lundy's IslandInn, built and operated by Lundy and hiswife, Elizabeth. Murray is professor andassistant director of the institute. Lundyis a former contributing editor to theMAGAZINE.NORMAN J. GILLETTE, PhD'37, afterthirty-nine years of teaching collègebotany, retired in July with the rank ofprofessor emeritus in the State University ot New York. Gillette also has heldfaculty positions at the University ofIdaho, Syracuse University and the StateUniversity Collège at Oswego, NY. Forthe past seven years he has been directorot Oswego's summer program in tropicalbiology in Jamaica.RUTH M. LEVERTON, PhD'37, retiredscience adviser (nutrition) to the U.S.Department of Agriculture, was namedan outstanding alumna at the annualmeeting of the Home Economies Alum-nae Association, held earlier this year inconjunction with the fiftieth anniversarycélébration of Phi Upsilon Omicron,home économies honorary. Currently anutrition consultant and lecturer atHoward University in Washington, DC,Leverton was one of six women to re-ceive the 1972 fédéral woman's awardfor "outstanding contribution to thequality ot fédéral career service." Shehas also received the USDA distin-guished service award. During hercareer Leverton undertook the most ex-tensive survey of food consumption anddietary levels ever attempted in thiscountry.1938MARCELLA FEFER GOODMAN, AB'38,AM'44, Skokie, IL, was recently honoredon the occasion ot her twentieth anniversary as a Midwest agent for NewYork Life Insurance Company. A win-ner of the insurance industry's nationalquality award, Goodman joined theCompany in Evanston in 1956.DANIEL C. SMITH, AB'38, JD'40,former vice-président and gênerai coun-sel of the Weyerhauser Co., is nowvice-président and gênerai counsel ofFMC Corp., Chicago. Smith and hiswife, RUTH LOUISE HOYT, AB'37, arethe parents of eight children.1939WILL S. DE LOACH, PhD'39, who retiredthis past summer from the University otNorth Carolina at Wilmington, wherehe was chairman of the chemistry department for twelve years, has beenhonored by the department with the establishment of the Will S. DeLoach award, to be given annually to outstanding students of organic chemistry. Thisbail DeLoach joined the faculty ofMethodist Collège, Fayetteville, NC.WILBUR JERGER, AB'39, LLB'42, author, film maker, and photojournalistwhose work has appeared in such newspapers and magazines as the Los Ange/esDaily Neics, Las Vegas Sun, Look, Life,and Comnet, as well as in leading foreignpublications, reports he has filed suitagainst the FBI, the CIA, and MilitaryIntelligence in West Berlin allegingpolitical surveillance. Since returning toLong Beach, CA, in 1974 after a numberof years overseas, Jerger has written forthe Los Angeles Free Press and joined thestaff of a new hard core libertarianpaper, the Los Angeles Vanguard.ROBERT O. ANDERSON, AB'39, chairman of the board and chief executiveofficer of the Atlantic Richfield Co., hasagreed to serve as chairman of the National Advisory Committee for the National Outdoor Center campaign, it hasbeen announced by Maj. Gen. MaxwellE. Rich (Ret.), executive vice-présidentof the National Rifle Association ofAmerica. The Center is a 36,000-acrearea near Raton, NM; it will be a tax-exempt educational, research and train-ing facility, according to the NRA. An-derson, of Roswell, NM, is a trustée ofthe University.1940MORRIS B. abram, JD'dO, attorney,chairman of the New York State More-land Act Commission on NursingHomes and Residential Facilities, received an honorary doctor of laws degree last spring at a convocation held byYeshiva University, New York, incélébration of the opening of theinstitution's new Benjamin N. Cardozoschool of law. Among the others receiving honorary degrees at the event wasU.S. Attorney General EDWARD H.LEVI, PhB'32, JD'35. Abram, past président of Brandeis University and of theAmerican Jewish Committee, is newlyelected chairman of the board of theCardozo school, which opened in Sep-tember. In 1946 he was a member of theprosecution staff, international militarytribunal, at the War Crimes Trials inNuremberg. He has served the UnitedNations as a U.S. représentative to theCommission on Human Rights and assenior adviser to the U.S. Mission. Hehas held several government posts, including first gênerai counsel, PeaceCorps, and counsel and public boardmember, Régional Wage StabilizationBoard for the South. 1941LOIS E. EBINGER, SB'41, sm'46, directorof the Wesley- Passavant School of Nursing, retired this past summer after eigh-teen years at Chicago's NorthwesternMémorial Hospital and its parent institution. Ebinger plans to continueworking on a part-time basis.EDWARD M. BERSHTEIN, AB'41,jd'49, am'53, PhD'55, has been pro-moted to professor of political science atThe University of Hartford, CT. Ber-shtein, teacher, attorney, editor, joinedthe Hartford faculty in 1963.The watercolor paintings and sketchesof JANET STONE SWING, AB'41, were onexhibit part of last summer at ScovilleMémorial Library in Salisbury, CT.1942LOUISE GAINES DAUGHERTY, AB'42,AM'47, was given the Ada S. McKinleyCommunity Services' distinguished service award at the Chicago agency's annual meeting earlier this year, held atthe UC Center for Continuing Education. Daugherty, assistant superinten-dent for pupil personnel services withthe Chicago public schools, has beeninfluential in the development of spécialclasses for mentally retarded children.ROBERT W. KEYES, SB'42, SM'49,PhD'53, Ossining, NY, a research staffmember at IBM's Watson researchcenter, has won the W. R. G. Bakerprize of the Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers for his paper"Physical Limits in Digital Electronics."1943mervin KOHN, x'43, Boardman, OH,associate professor of management atYoungstown State University, writesthat his introductory text Dynamic Ma n-aging: Principles, Process, Practice will bepublished early in 1977 by CummingsPublishing Co., Menlo Park, CA.1944HELEN MANSFIELD ROBINSON, PhD'44,Sarasota, FL, retired member of the Department of Education faculty, receivedan honorary doctorate of humane lettersfrom Ohio University at Athens lastJune and was cited as "an outstandingscholar in the disciplines of reading, . . .a distinguished leader in teacher éducation [and] a dynamic leader in behalf ofthe Reading Hall of Famé."EDWARD R. MUNNELL, SB'44, MD'46,Oklahoma City physician and surgeonwho pioneered research in a new chestdrainage System, has received the Oklahoma Lung Association's "breath of life"award in récognition of his "outstandingcontribution to the control and prévention of lung disease."PEREZ DE SOLA ZAGORIN, AB'44, pro-fessor of history at the University ofRochester, reports his élection as a fellow of the American Academy of Artsand Sciences. During the 1975-76académie year Zagorin was the W. A.Clark mémorial library professor at theUniversity of California.1945JEANNE GRANT, PhB'45, was back inChicago last fall as a member of the eastof Fiddler ou the Roof. It was her thirdFidd/er company, and from Chicago thegroup moved to the Fisher Theater inDétroit. Grant has performed in theoriginal Broadway companies of Briga-doon, The King and I, Damn Yankees, ATree Grows in Brooklyn and hait a dozenothers and has traveled with fifteenother musical stock companies. She hassung leading rôles with the New YorkCity Opéra, the Chicago Opéra Guild,and the New Orléans Opéra (the vehi-cles ranging from Pagliacci to Wozzeck),and she has been soloist with the Cleveland, Chicago, New Haven, Boston,Miami Beach, and Cincinnati symphonyorchestras, as well as the ABC symphony.Forgotten Truth: The Primordial Tradition, a new book by HUSTON SMITH,PhD'45, "is a significant step toward acomprehensive philosophy of comparative religions," one reviewer has ob-served. Smith is professor of religionand adjunct professor of philosophy atSyracuse University.VIRGINIA LACY JONES, PhD'45, deanand professor, school of library service,Atlanta University, has received thehighest award of the American LibraryAssociation, its honorary membership.Cited as a "pioneer among black li-brarians," Jones was praised for her rôlein opening the doors of her professionto the black minority.MARY HORTATSOS, AB'45, has beenappointed public relations manager ofConvenient Food Mart, Inc., Chicago.LYA DYM ROSENBLUM, PhB'45,AM'48, Winnetka, IL, was promoted lastyear to dean for académie affairs, Columbia Collège, Chicago.GEORGE H. KLUMPNER, SB'45,MD'48, reports his élection to the boardof directors of the AmericanPsychoanalytic Association's fund forresearch, his sélection as president-electof the Chicago Council of ChildPsychiatry and his re-election to theeducational council of the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis. 1946ONIETA TIAHRT SMUCKER, AM'46, apsychiatrie social worker at HutchingsPsychiatrie Center in Syracuse, NY,and her husband, Rev. JAMES R.SMUCKER, DB'46, minister of the NewYork Conférence of the United Churchof Christ, participated in a three-monthwork and study program with religiousleaders of developing countries, held inthe executive offices of the WorldCouncil of Churches in Geneva.ERNEST BEUTLER, PhB'46, SB'48,MD'50, clinical professor of medicine atthe University of Southern Californiaand chairman of the division ofmedicine, City of Hope Médical Center,has been elected to the NationalAcademy of Sciences. An authority onblood diseases and human genetics, Dr.Beutler is the developer of a number ofdiagnostic procédures now in wide use inthis country and abroad.REX MORTHLAND, PhD'46, chairmanof the board of the Peuples Bank &Trust Co., Selma, AL, has received anhonorary doctorate of business administration from the Collège of theOzarks, Clarksville, AR.1947ROZELLA M. SCHLOTFELDT, SM'47,PfiD'56, former dean of the FrancesPayne Bolton school of nursing at Western Reserve University (Cleveland),where both a scholarship and lecture -ship hâve been endowed in her name,has been made an honorary doctor ofhumane letters by the Médical University of South Carolina.Small Moments, a collection of fifteenstories by NANCY huddlestonPACKER, AM'47, was published this fallin the Illinois Short Fiction séries of theUniversity of Illinois Press. Packer is associate professor of English at StanfordUniversity. Her stories hâve appeared inmany national publications.T. D. LINGO, PhB'47, AM'52, of BlackHawk, CO, has sent us a press release ofthe Concerned Citizens' Committee ofGilpin County, a group dedicated tocreating "a community where the taxesare low and the public services are high. . . where human distrust is low andhuman coopération is high ... a community guided by the best moral leadersof wit and intelligence."1948CAROLYN RUTH SWIFT LENZ, PhB'48,associate professor of English at RhodeIsland Collège, Providence, has discov- ered an important document relating to 41the death of Martin Luther, tounder ofthe Lutheran Church and the leadingfigure in the German Retormation. Ac-cording to the Weekly Bulletin of BrownUniversity, the circumstances ofLuther's death in 1546 immediately be-came the subject of intense controversy.Now, new évidence, uncovered by Lenzduring systematic examination of theI6th and 17th century collections ofBrown's John Hap library, indicatesLuther died peacefully. Lenz's discovery,an account of which has been published by Stanford University, was alsothe subject ot an Associated Pressstory appearing in newspapers through-out the country. Her husband is JOHNW. LENZ, PhB'45, AM'49, professor ofphilosophy at Brown.viron p. vaky, AM'48, has beennamed U.S. ambassador to Venezuela.Vaky began his foreign service career inGuayaquil, Ecuador, and has served inArgentina, Colombia and Guatemala.Before his appointment to the Ven-ezuelan ambassadorship, Vaky served inthe same capacity in Costa Rica andColombia.After twenty-five years in commercialart, DAN harper, PhB'48, has taken upcartooning. His first comic strip, "EtTu," has been syndicated by the LosAngeles Times and is now appearing innewspapers across the country.EDWARD DE GRAZIA, AB'48, JD'51,has been named professor of law on thefirst faculty of Yeshiva University's newBenjamin N. Cardozo school of law,in New York.DEBORAH SHAPIRO, AM'48, is the author of Ageucies and Foster Children(New York: Columbia University Press,1976), a book based on that portion of afive-year study of the foster care Systemin New York City which focused uponthe functioning of the agencies and theirchild care workers.ROBERT G. SCHULTZ, AB'48, formercity editor of the Chicago Daily News,has been promoted to metropolitaneditor. Schultz, of Oak Park, was a reporter, rewriteman, political writer, andassistant city editor before becomingcity editor in 1968.CHEN NING YANG, PhD'48, co-re-cipient of the 1957 Nobel prize forphysics, is serving a four-year term onthe board of the American Associationfor the Advancement of Science. He isthe Albert Einstein professor of physicsand director of the institute for theoreti-cal physics at the State University ofNew York at Stony Brook.HARRY WOOLF, SB'48, AM'49, has leftJohns Hopkins Univetsity, where he42 had been provost since 1972 and professor ot the history ot science since 1962,to assume the directorship of the Institute tor Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ.Woolf 's sélection to the post, first an-nounced last spring, followed his refusaiof the presidency ot Tufts University.1949NANCY ROMAN, PhD'49, NASA as-tronomer, was made an honorary doctorot science last spring by Swarthmore(PA) Collège. A NASA employée since1959, Roman is currently chief of as-tronomy and relativity programs (as-trophysics programs) in NASA's Officeof Space Science. In this position she isresponsible for a comprehensive program of astronomical observation con-ducted from beyond the Earth's atmosphère by means of airplanes, balloons,rockets, and satellites. In 1955 she wasone ot three Americans invited by theAcademy of Sciences of the USSR toattend the dedication of the BjurakanAstrophysical Observatory in SovietArmenia. She has several previous honorary doctorates as well as a fédéralwoman's award (1966), and the NASAexxeptional scientific achievement award( 1969). She was elected to the AmericanAstronautical Society in 1975.JAYNE COWAN PHEIFFER, AM'49, hasbeen appointed personnel officer,United Financial Services Corporation,Rockford, IL.Foundatious for Christian Education, avolume ot essays edited by MARVIN J.TAYLOR, AM'49, associate director of theAssociation of Theological Schools inthe United States and Canada, has beenpublished by the Abingdon Press.Circuit Court Judge JAMES A.GEOCARIS, AB'49, Chicago, has beennamed presiding judge of MunicipalDistrict Three ot the Circuit Court ofCook County.MORRIS FINDER, AM'49, PhD'60, professor of English éducation at the StateUniversity of New York at Albany, isthe author of Reason and Art in TeachingSecoudary-School English ( Philadelphia:Temple University Press, 1976). RALPHW. TYLER, PhD'27, has written thetoreword to the book.1950PATTIE GINNES BERNHARDT, AB'50,the group's first woman director, hasbeen installed as président ot ChicagoFarmers, an organization of Chicagobusinessmen and women who hâve astrong interest in agriculture. Bernhardtis manager and corporation président ofan .x2 (-acre t'arm in Elkhart, IL, operated from her home in Highland Park.ELEANOR PLAIN, AM'50, retired headlibrarian of the Aurora (IL) Public Library, received an ourstanding womanleader award trom the Aurora YWCAearly this year.WALLACE RUDOLPH, AB'50, JD'53,former professor of law at the University of Nebraska, has joined the facultyof the University of Puget Sound(Tacoma, WA) as dean of the school oflaw. Once an instructor of law at Chicago, Rudolph is coauthor of the Haud-book for Correctional Law.ROBERT KAUF, AM'50, PflD'55, professor of German at the University ofIllinois at Chicago Circle, has won the1976 silver circle award for excellencein teaching, by vote of the senior class.CHARLES M. LESLIE, AM'50, PhD'59,formerly professor of anthropology atNew York University, has been namedchairman of the department of anthropology at the University of Dela-ware. Leslie is the author of three books,including Anthropology of Folk Religionand his latest, Asian Médical Systems: AComparative Study.JUNE SNOW, AM'50, retired in June asprofessor and chairman, nursing department, Bradley University, Peoria,IL. She joined the Bradley faculty in1947 as an instructor in the biology department.Sister MARTHA MULROY CURRY,am'50, participated in the centenarycélébration of the birth of Americanshort-story writer Sherwood Anderson,held in September at Michigan StateUniversity. Sister Curry, associate professor of English at Barat Collège (LakeForest, IL) and author of The "Writer'sBook" by Sherwood Anderson: A CriticalEdition, moderated the opening paneland delivered an address at the finalevent of the meeting. A spécial essay bySister Curry, entitled "SherwoodAnderson's Théories on the Writing ofShort Stories and Novels," is included ina volume of critical pièces publishedconcurrently with the centenary.1951THALIA CHERONIS SELZ, AM'51,Deerfield, IL, gave a talk on Greek-American intellectual life in Chicago inthe 1930s as part of a bicentennialcommémoration of Greek Indepen-dence Day. The program, called"Shepherds of Freedom," was spon-sored by the Hellenic Professional Society of Illinois and took place March 28.1952ROBERT J. KUTAK, AB'52, JD'55, partnerin the Omaha law firm of Kutak, Rock, Cohen, Campbell, Garfinkle & Wood-ward, has been reappointed chairman ofthe American Bar Association's spécialcommittee on coordination of judicialimprovements.MAURICE GLICKSMAN, SM'52,PhD'54, dean of the graduate schoolsince 1974, has been chosen dean of thefaculty and académie affairs at BrownUniversity, Providence, RI. Glicksmanjoined the Brown faculty in 1969 as university professor of engineering.1953PAUL H. REITAN, AB'53, has been appointed provost of the faculty of naturalsciences and mathematics at the StateUniversity of New York at Buffalo.Reitan, professor of geological sciences,had held the post in an acting capacity.He joined the Buffalo faculty in 1966,after serving for six years on the facultyof Stanford University.RONALD J. STAUB, AB'53, HighlandPark, has joined the Skil Corp.,Chicago-based manufacturer of portablepower tools, as vice-président of employée and public relations.1954CARL SAGAN, AB'54, SB'55, SM'56,PhD'60, has been appointed David Dun-can professor of astronomy and spacesciences at Cornell University where heis also director of the laboratory forplanetary studies. Sagan recently servedas chairman of both the division forplanetary studies of the American Astronomical Society and the astronomysection of the American Association forthe Advancement of Science.ARNIE MATANKY, X'54, director ofpublic information for the Chicago ParkDistrict, served as chief delegate fromthe department of France to the nationalconvention of the American Légion,held August 20-26 in Seattle. He is amember of Paris Post No. 1.ROBERT L. PETERS, MD'54, is CO-editor (with Kunio Okuda) of Hepatocel-lular Carcinoma (New York: John Wiley& Sons). Published in the Wiley Sérieson Diseases of the Liver, the comprehensive volume incorporâtes research by two dozen international au-thorities. Peters is professor of pathol-ogy at the University of SouthernCalifornia school of medicine and chiefof the laboratory at the John WesleyHospital in Los Angeles.1955KENNETH R. davis, PhD'55, professorof marketing and director of executiveprograms at the Amos Tuck school ofbusiness administration at DartmouthCollège, Hanover, NH, has been namedto the schools Nathaniel Leverone professorship of management.1956BOB SILVERMAN, sb'56, received hisdoctorate in chemistry from the University of Iowa this year.GLENN H. HOFFMAN, AB'56, AB'57,MBA'58, formerly store manager ofMontgomery Ward & Co. in Waukegan,IL, is now senior vice-président ofWheeler's Stores, farm supply retailersin Grand Island, NE.GERALDINE EVERETT WARRICK,AM'56, was chairman of the first annualphonathon of the New York March ofDimes. She is director of national community affairs of the National Broad-casting Co., and winner of a 1974 Pea-body award for community involvementat WNBC. She is co-chairman of theNational Urban Coalition EducationalTask Force.CAROLINE PLESOFSKY IDINOPULOS,AB'56, has been awarded a M. S. degreeby Miami University, Oxford, OH.1957Sunday, September 26, was "MayorDoris Davis Day" in Chicago, by proclamation of Mayor Richard J. Daley.DORIS COLLINS DAVIS, x'57, mayor ofCompton, CA (population 78,000), isone of the few black women to holdmayoral posts in the country. MayorDaley is one of her most enthusiasticfans, according to the Chicago Tribune.They know each other through the U.S.Conférence of Mayors.L. EVANS ROTH, PhD'57, former director of the Kansas State University division of biology, became vice-chancellor for graduate studies and research at the University of Tennessee,Knoxville, this September. Prior to join-ing the KSU faculty in 1967, he was professor of cell biology at Iowa State.1958JOSEPH R. GRASSIE, AB'58, AM'6l, hasaccepted an appointment as city manager of Miami, FL. He has been citymanager of Grand Rapids, MLALLA SAUCH TSCHAIKOWSKY, AM'58, instructor of Russian and German inthe evening program of Loop Collège,Chicago, began teaching an additionalcourse this fall, English for foreigners.As a child, Tschaikowsky escapedStalinist Russia with her mother, only tofind herself in Dresden during the firebombing. Surviving this holocaust in adeep cellar, she and her mother were shuttled about among various DP campsbefore finding their way to this country.After living for a time in Connecticut,the two eventually setttled in Chicago.1959EIJl HASHIMOTO, AM'59, harpsi-chordist-in-residence at the Universityof Cincinnati, gave harpsichord récitalsin various collèges and communitiesacross the United States last year. In thespring his annual European tour, including Germany and Holland, was ex-tended to Tehran. He then set off on hissecond South American tour in twoyears, playing in Venezuela, Brazil, andChile. His édition of Domenico Scarlatti,100 Sonatas, in three volumes was published recently, and he is currenrlyworking on a complète édition ofScarlatti's sonatas. Hashimoto's newalbum of harpsichord works by JohannKuhnau on two records was releasedthis past summer by the Musical Héritage Society of New York. Hashimoto'sschedule for the current season will include performances abroad.Dr. MARGARET HALIBURTON JOLLY,SB'59, staff psychiatrist at ChestnutLodge in Rockville, MD, has opened anoffice for private practice in Frederick,MD.1960LOIS MANDEL LIBIEN, AB'60, formermember of the MAGAZINE staff andfeature writer on Chicago' s American andthe New York Herald Tribune, is authorof a new book, her second, calledSuper-Economy Housecleaning (WilliamMorrow & Co., $7.95). "The book iskind of an exposé of the excesses of'superclean' and tells you how to getalong without most of those expensivecleaning supplies you find in the super-market." Libien lives in Glen Rock, NJ.FREDERICK F. COHN, AB'60, JD'62,Chicago attorney, has become a clinicalfellow of the University of Chicago LawSchool in conjunction with his rôle asdirector of the Woodlawn CommunityDefender Office of the Criminal Défense Consortium of Cook County.PATRICIA LUCAS, AB'60, has beennamed director of hospital and community relations, St. Mary Médical Center,Gary and Hobart, IN. Lucas has severalyears of hospital community relationsexpérience in Illinois and Indiana, mostrecently at St. Anthony Hospital,Michigan City, IN.JOHNNIE GIVENS, AM'60, formerlyprofessor and head librarian at AustinPeay State University (Clarksville, TN),has resigned ro accept an appointment as the first full-time executive director ofthe Southeastern Library Association.Givens has spent more than thirty-rwoyears in a full-time capacity with theAPSU library. She has been head librarian since 1958.HOWARD B. MILLER, JD'60, professorof law at the University of SouthernCalifornia, has become a member ot theLos Angeles City Board of Education.He was elected by members of theboard to a seat left vacant by the deathof an incumbent earlier this year. Miller,whose current term will expire June 30,1977, will be eligible for élection to afull term on the board in the spring of1977. Miller, who gained prominenceduring his tenure as résident advocateon the Public Broadcasting Télévisionséries, "The Advocates" ( 1969 to 1973),is vice-chairman of the school districtscitizens' management review committee. He is active in the American JewishCommittee, serving the organization asa member ot the national executivecouncil as well as in various localcapacities. He was a co-founder of thenon-profit Rural Development Corp.,which plans and builds low-incomehousing and new communities tor therural poor of California, and one of theoriginal strategists in the establishmentof California Rural Légal Assistance. Hewon an alumni citation for public servicefrom the University in 1973.1961DENNIS O'BRIEN, PhD'6l, former deanof the faculty and professor ofphilosophy at Middlebury Collège inVermont, took office July 1 as présidentof Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA.O'Brien is the author of Hegel on Reasonin History: A Contemporary Interprétation, published last year by the University ofChicago Press.BRUCE F. POWERS, SM'6l, has beenappointed director of planning at theCenter for Naval Analyses (Arlington,VA), an affiliate of the University ofRochester. CNA conducts militaryopérations research and Systems analysis.1962GWYNNE ROESELER WINSBERG, SM'62,PhD'67, a top assistant in the Midwestrégional offices of the U.S. Departmentof Health, Education, and Welfare, hasbeen appointed associate dean of student affairs and chairwoman, committeeon admissions, at Loyola University'sStritch school of medicine, Maywood,IL. Winsberg has extensive expérienceas an epidemiology researcher and formerly taught at Northwestern Univer-sity, the University of Chicago and Illinois Collège of Optometry. She hasgiven much of her time in récent yearsto work with médical clinics for Latingroups throughout Chicagoland.Sister M. CONSTANCE MELVIN,PhD'62, has been appointed dean of thegraduate school at Marywood Collège(Scranton, PA), where she is professorand chairman, department of librarian-ship. Sister Constance, président of the3,000-member Pennsylvania LibraryAssociation, has served the school li-branes division of the state Departmentof Education as a member of its re-sources sélection advisory committee,audio-visual resources committee andpolicy advisory committee. She is amember of the Immaculate Heart ofMary religious order.1963SALLY M. MILLER, AM'63, has won thedistinguished faculty award of 1976 atthe University of the Pacific (Stockton,CA), where she is professor of history.The award was given in récognition ofher two books, Victor Berger (1973) andThe Radical Immigrant, 1820-1920( 1974), as well as of her founding of theSouthwest Labor Studies Conférence in1975.Lesly Motors, operated by ELLENCLARK BENODIN, AB'63, and her husband, Lesly, has been signed as a Forddealership, the fourth Ford minority-operated dealership in the Chicago area.CHARLES A. WRIGHT, AM'63, PhD'75,has been appointed assistant professorof German at Wabash Collège, Craw-fordsville, IN.JAMES A. REISS, AB'63, AM'64, whoreturned to teaching this fall following arwo-year leave from Miami University(Oxford, OH), where he is associateprofessor of English, had eight of hispoems published this past summer insuch magazines as the Agni Review, theAntioch Review, and Poetry Nouz Duringhis period of absence from Miami,Reiss lived in New York City, where heworked on a second book of poetry.1964BURR S. EICHELMAN, JR., SB'64, MD'68,PhO'^O, assistant professor of psychiatryand a researcher at the Waisman centeron mental retardation and human de-velopment, University of Wisconsin, hasbeen named chiet ot psychiatrie servicesat the Madison Vétérans AdministrationHospital.LL'CY DAVIS REY, AM'64, has joinedthe faculty of North Central Collège,Naperviile, IL, for the 1976-77 académie year as assistant professor ofsociology and anthropology.SANDRA ROOS SCOTT, AB'64, receivedher law degree from the University ofFlorida at Gainesville on August 28.Dr. ROBERT S. BALTIMORE, AB'64, aspecialist in pédiatrie infectious diseases,has been named assistant professor ofpediatrics at the Yale University schoolof medicine.1965WAHBAH A. SAYEGH, PhD'65, directorof évaluation for Benton Harbor (MI)area schools since 1971, traveled toSudan in northeast Africa this pastsummer to lead a United Nations teamof international educators in planning arural educational System for the country.Sayegh was named to the project by theUnited Nations Educational, Scientificand Cultural Organization.TERRY K. LINDQUIST, MBA'65, hasbeen promoted to vice-président, engineering, a new post within the trans-portation equipment group of Borg-Warner. He will be based at the group'sheadquarters in Troy, MLCHARLES R. WORK, JD'65, has beenelected président of the District of Columbia Bar. Now a member of aWashington, DC, law firm, Work is aformer deputy administrator of the LawEnforcement Assistance Administrationand also was an assistant U.S. attorneyfor the district.JOHANNES FABIAN, AM'65, PhD'69, amember of the anthropology department at Wesleyan University (Mid-dletown, CT), has been promoted to associate professor. Fabian joined theWesleyan faculty in 1974 after servingas professor and chairman of the department of sociology and anthropology, Université Nationale du Zaire.1966DAWN DRIDAN RADTKE, AM'66, AM'68,director of Transactional Analysis Associates of Milwaukee, combines herskills as an adult educator and psychiatrie social worker in teaching, practicing,supervising and Consulting. She continues to travel widely and teaches inEurope, Australia, and the U.S.JOHN TAGGART, AM'66 who teachesEnglish at Shippensburg(PA), State Collège, has received one of nine distinguished académie service awards givenjointly by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the Association of Pennsylvania State Collège and UniversityFaculties. He has also received a créativewriting fellowship from the NationalEndowment for the Arts in support of "Dodeka," a long poem he is in the process of writing.ROGER WARREN, AM'66, JD'69, hastaken office as a judge of the municipalcourt in Sacramento. He was named tothe bench by California governor Ed-mund C. Brown.LOIS KAHN EMBER, SM'66,Springfield, VA, assistant editor of Environmental Science & Technology, haswon the Society for Technical Communications' 1976 publications award inthe category of journal articles for "TheSpecter of Cancer," an article appearingin the December 1975 issue of ES&T.In it Ember finds that "environmentallycaused diseases are definitely on the in-crease, that early warning Systems to flagemerging problems are urgentlyneeded, and that lower life forms arebeing considered in the design ofscreening Systems."MAUREEN SIMS MC REYNOLDS,PhD'66, has become environmental director of the city of Austin, TX. She hadbeen assistant director in the San Diegooffice of environmental management.1967NORA LESSER laiken, Sb'67, has received the Kaiser excellence in teachingaward for 1976 of the school ofmedicine, University of California, SanDiego, where she is assistant professorin the department of medicine. Herhusband, STUART LAIKEN, SB'66, is afellow in cardiology at the same school.ROBERTA MEYER BEAR, PhD'67, professor of early childhood éducation atGovernors State University (Park ForestSouth, IL), has been selected for listingin the Outstanding Young Women ofAmerica awards volume for 1976 "inrécognition of outstanding ability, ac-complishments and service to the community." In the collège of human learning and development at GSU, Bear isresponsible for developing and teachinga competency-based program of studiesto prépare students for careers in urbanpre-school éducation.PATRICK M. HANLON, AB'67, KewGardens, NY, reports that after leavingthe Midway in 1967 he went on to studypolitical science at Harvard. He spentthe 1970-71 year in Florence, Italy,doing research for a dissertation in earlytwentieth-century Italian politics and received his doctorate in 1974. He entered Harvard Law School in 1973, waselected to the Law Review the followingyear and served as article editor in1975-76. After graduation, Hanloncommenced a term as law clerk to ChiefJudge Irving R. Kaufman, of the SecondCircuit Court of Appeals in New York.DAVID J. LINDSTROM, SM'67, receivedhis doctorate in chemistry from theUniversity of Oregon in June and hasaccepted a postdoctorate position in thedepartment of geology at the Universityof Mary land.JUNE CARTER PERRY, AM'67, community affairs director at WGMS-AM/FM, Washington, DC, has beenselected as the RKO Radio minority affairs programmer of the year for 1975.Perry is producer of the syndicated talkshow "Héritage," which is aired onRKO radio stations throughout thecountry. She also produces a weeklyWashington program on black musiciansand composers, "Soûl of the Classics,"and a daily public affairs interview,"Dialogue."1968SHUE TUCK WONG, PhD'68, has taken aleave-of-absence from Simon FraserUniversity in Burnaby, British Columbia, to join the division of communityand régional development, Asian Institute of Technology (Bangkok, Thai-land), as associate professor of quantitative analysis and planning. With Wongin Bangkok are his wife, SOPHIABORKENHAGEN, AB'60, AM'63, and twochildren, Christina and Stephen.ELLIS BROTZMAN, SM'68, and hiswife, Ruth, of Dallas, hâve been appointed by the Greater Europe Missionas career missionaries to Spain, assignedto the Spanish Bible Institute.1969SANDRA A. NATUK, AB'69, formergroup research manager and corporateplanner for CNA Insurance, has joinedJ. Walter Thompson, Chicago, as a research account manager.GENE MCGRADY, AB'69, MD'75, hasbeen assigned by the National HealthService Corps to work in the Baldwin(MI) Clinic. The NHSC is a fédéralprogram which offers financial assistanceto médical students during their schooling and assigns them after training toareas identified by community application and fédéral guidelines as healthmanpower shortage areas. The physi-cians review several possible areas ofplacement and choose which area theyfeel best meets their needs as well asthose of the community. McGrady andhis wife, SHIRLEY WILLIAMS, AB'71,hâve a son, Glen.PHILIP H. DREYER, AM'69, PhD'73,has received an Emory Williams distinguished teaching award from EmoryUniversity (Atlanta), where he is assis tant professor of psychology. Dreyer,who joined the Emory faculty in 1971,was recently elected to the Danforth associate program of the Foundation inrécognition of superior teaching.Rev. THOMAS G. KASS, AM'69, wasordained to the deaconate last spring incérémonies at St. Thomas the ApostleChurch in Hyde Park. He is a memberof the Viatorian Community.1970STEPHEN COHEN, AM'70, PhD'74, hasmoved from DeKalb, IL, where he had ateaching position with Northern IllinoisUniversity, to Australia, where he is lec-turer in philosophy at the University ofNew South Wales, Kensington.KAREN KUTSCH FITT, MBA'70, hasjoined Oce-Industries, Chicago-basedmanufacturer of copiers, reprographieequipment and supplies, as corporatemarketing manager.DANIEL M. KASPER, JD'70, MBA'71,has left the University of SouthernCalifornia faculty to accept an appointment in the graduate school of businessadministration at Harvard as assistantprofessor of management.SETH MASIA, AB'70, New York, reports he has been with the magazine Skifor two years. He is presently editor ofSki Business and senior editor of Ski.(Both are publications of Times MirrorMagazines.) Masia's first book, Walks inthe Catskills, coauthored with JohnMonroe Bennet of the New Yorker, waspublished in 1974 by East Woods Press.JAMES E. MUNGAS, MD'70, has joinedthe surgical staff of the Great Falls (MT)Clinic. Dr. Mungas served his internshipand gênerai surgical residency at theUniversity Hospitals and Clinics andcompleted a fellowship in vascular sur-gery at the University of Iowa.TANER OC, AM'70, has left theQueens University of Belfast (NorthIreland) to accept a position in the institute of planning studies, University ofNottingham, England.1971BARBARA LEIBUNDGUTH, X'71, hasjoined the Omaha Symphony Orchestraas principal flutist. She is also teachingand playing chamber music.CARL A. SUNSHINE, AB'71, has completed his doctorate in computer scienceat Stanford University and is currentlyemployed by the Rand Corp., SantaMonica, CA.PETER S. OLIPHANT, AM'71, PhD'75,has been appointed assistant professorof anthropology at Bâtes Collège, Lewis-ton, ME. 1972MARK A. RAGAN and CAROLYN GARSTRAGAN, both AB'72, left for Trondheim,Norway, in August where he beganstudying at the Institute of MarineBiochemistry on a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Research Council of Canada. In Halifax, Nova Scotia,their previous base, Mark recently completed his doctorate in marinebiochemistry at Dalhousie Universitywhile Carolyn was writing her master'sthesis in biology. The Ragans "welcomeletters and visits from friends." Markmay be addressed at the Institute ofMarine Biochemistry, Trondheim-NTH, Norway.DAVID M. RIETH, JD'72, has begun aprivate law practice in Tampa, FL.DANIEL I. GOLDMAN, AB'72, who recently received his médical degree fromWashington University, St. Louis, hasbegun serving a medicine internship atBarnes Hospital, St. Louis.JOSEPH JOHNSON, AB'72, AM'75,former director of the East ChicagoYouth Service Bureau, has been swornin as a fédéral agent in the U.S. Proba-tion and Parole Office of Northern Indiana, based in Hammond.DONALD H. LAYTON, PflD'72, associate professor of educational policy,programs and institutions at the StateUniversity of New York at Albany, isserving as visiting fellow in educationalmanagement at the Anglian RégionalManagement Centre, Chelmsford, England, during 1976-77.J. KENNETH MANGUM, JD'72, hasjoined the Phoenix law firm of Robbins,Green, O'Grady & Abbuhl.THEODORE BERLAND, AM'72,Chicago, is an author ofT he AcupunctureDiet, written with Dr. Frank Z. Warren(New York: St. Martin's Press, 1976).Berland's ninth book, published lastJanuary (Living with Your Colitis,Hemorrhoids, and Related D isorders,coauthored with Drs. Leslie Sandlowand Richard Shapiro), has been re-printed by St. Martin's Press.1973JUDITH L. ALSOFROM, AB'73, Chicago,is currently an associate editor of theAmerican Médical Neus, weekly newspaper of the AMA.TERESA R. NOVICK, AB'73, andROBERT L. BLACKSBERG, AB'72, "havingsurvived law school in Boston," weremarried in New York in June and beganworking in downtown Philadelphia lawfirms in September.THOMAS C. LELON, phD'73, dean ofgraduate programs at Babson Collège,Wellesley, MA, has been elected président of Hellenic Collège and HolyCross Greek Orthodox School ofTheology, Brookline, MA. Lelon is thefirst layman named to the top post of theinstitution since its establishment in1937 as Holy Cross Seminary.JOËL S. FRIEDMAN, MBA'73, is président ot Friedman Associates, restaurantconsultants in Cockeysville, MD.BRUCE GRESSIN, AB'73, MBA'75, hasbeen promoted to the staff of the président of Chemed Corporation (Cincinnati), a subsidiary of W. R. Grâce & Co.1974DOUGLAS L. CARDEN, AB'74, a thirdyear law student at the University ofSanta Clara in California, is clerking forJustice William P. Clark of the California Suprême Coût in lieu of his fallsemester. Carden has been elected anarticles editor of the Santa Clara LawReview.LEONARDO WAISMAN, AM'74, hasjoined the faculty of Oberlin (Ohio)Collège conservatory of music as instructor of music history.1975MARC ROVNER, am'75, has become associate editor of ASTA Travel Neivs.JAMES G. CARSON, MAT'75, writesthat he is now working on his doctoratein educational policy studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.DAVID S. CLYDE, MBA'75, reports heis now "président and floor sweep,"Clyde Oïl Company, Ypsilanti, MI. Hewas previously coordinator of training atAmoco Oil, Chicago.ANNA ELIZABETH LAM, AB'75, andGEORGE FRANCIS PILLOTON, MBA'76,were married April 3, 1976, in LaGrange, IL, and took a two-month,round -the-world honeymoon, includinga stop in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to seeGeorges parents. After a visit in LaGrange with Anna's family, the Pillotonssettled in Berkeley Heights, NJ. Bothare currently employed in otficer training programs at the Chase ManhattanBank in New York.1976KEITH MOSTOV, AB'76, was among31 Americans and nine Canadians — rep-resenting North America in the newestclass ot Rhodes scholars — to sail on theQintu E/vzabeth 2 in September tor twoyears at Oxlord University.ISABEL MCCARTHY, AM'76, has beenhired as a psychiatrie social worker atthe Lawrence County (IN) CommunityMental Health Center. In MemoriamFREDERICK B. PATTEE, X'06, owner andoperator of Pattee Plow Co., Mon-mouth, IL, died June 22.ARTHUR H. HIRSCH, DB'07, PhD'15,educator, research specialist, writer,died March 10, 1976, in Sebring, FL.ROSEMARY HELEN QUINN SPENCER,PhB'09, am'39, Chicago, died August 27.AVA MILAM CLARK, PflB'10, AM'll,retired dean of the school of homeéconomies, Oregon State University,and a pioneer crusader in the women'srights movement, died August 14 inCorvallis, OR.MORRIS FISHBEIN, SB'10, MD'12,médical columnist, editor, lecturer, whowas often known simply as "Mr.Medicine," died September 27 inChicago. Dr. Fishbein became editor ofthe Journal of the American Médical Association in 1924. In that post he madethe Journal internationally known, andhe became the AMA's chief spokesman.A relentless pursuer of médical quacks,he was frequently locked in libel suitswith promoters of patent medicines,mail order diagnoses, and gadget cures."I've been sued for $35 million andnever lost a cent," he once boasted.However, the AMA, his co-defendant,was assessed one cent in damages for its"indélicate" attack on a préparation ofherbs and alcohol advertised as a curefor "any sort of female problem." Aprodigious writer, he published somethirty books, one, the Modem Médical Home Adviser, selling more than fourmillion copies. While with the AMA, healso edited Hygeia and Family Health aswell as nine other specialty journals. Hismédical column was syndicated in sevenhundred newspapers. At the time of hisdeath Dr. Fishbein was editor of MédicalWorld News.CHARLES T. MAXWELL, SB'10, MD'12,Sioux City (IA) physician, died in Juneof this year after a short illness.LESTER A. STERN, PhB'10, died April4 in Palm Beach, FL.JOHN F. REDDICK, x' 1 1 , Los Angeles,died August 24 following a long illness.ELIZABETH BREDIN, PhB'13, AM'30, aformer teacher at Highland Park (IL)High School and a founder of the NorthShore Human Relations Committee,died August 8 in Highland Park;GEORGE O. CURME, JR., PhDl3, Char-lottesville, VA, a retired officer of theUnion Carbide Corp. whose pioneeringpetrochemical research was séminal inthe plastics industry and in the de-velopment of synthetic fibers and anti-freeze for automobiles, died July 28 athis summer home in Oak Bluffs, MA;MORDECAI WYATT JOHNSON, AB'13,the first black président of Howard University, serving in the post for thirty-four years until his retirement in 1960,died September 10 in Washington.STEPHEN R. CURTIS, PhB'l4, JD'16,Hacienda Heights, CA, died June 29;MAGDALENA C. SHUCK, SB' 14, Minonk,IL, died July 26.KATHERINE SPROEHNLE (RHEIN-STE1N), PhB'15, died August 29 at herhome in New York; EILEEN MARKLEYZNANIECKI, JD'15, died July 10 inChicago.RALPH O. CORNWELL, PhB'l6; ELMERGEORGE SENTY, MD'l6; LEVI S.SHIVELY, AM'l6, PhD'17.JENNIE TEN CATE, PhB'17, Pasadena,CA, died July 23; howard w. frazer.x'17, Tucson, AZ, died August 3.JOSEPH A. BAER, AM'18, who servedthe Connecticut state Department ofEducation for many years as director ofresearch and planning, died August 6 inPhiladelphia; SAM H. CENTER, x'18, retired principal in the Chicago publicschools, died August 4 in Hollywood,FL; HARRY X. COLE, PhB'18, JD'20,Chicago attorney, died August 20;MARTIN E. HANKE, SB'18, phD'21, professor emeritus of biochemistry at theUniversity of Chicago, director of theUC Clinical Chemistry Laboratory from1958 until his retirement in 1964, diedSeptember 18 of a heart attack.SIMON H. HERZFELD, SB'19, SM'22,PhD'49; ALICE H. JOHNSTONE, PhB'19;CLYDE J. WESTGATE, MD'19.CARROLL Y. BELKNAP, PhB'20,AM'21; ISADORE J. FINE, JD'20;WILLIAM MEYERING, X'20.CHESTER C. GUY, SB'21, MD'23;JOSEPH C. MORGAN, X'21; EMERY J.STEVENSON, X'21; WILLIARD L. VEIRS,MD'21.RICHARD W. BARDWELL, SR., AM'22,died July 28; JAMES M. SMITH, AM'22,San Diego, died August 6; VIRGINIAKENDALL UPHAM, PhB'22, who won analumni citation in 1951 for her workwith handicapped children, died June 9in St. Petersburg, FL.GEORGE H. HARTMAN, SR., PhB'23,Glenview, IL, died August 24, HELENFORD WILLIAMS, PhB'23.Rev. PAUL HASKELL CLARK, AM'24;JOHN ARCHER CULBERTSON, SM'24; C.RUSSELL LA BIER, MD'24; JOHN T.LAWTON, LLB'24; CATHERINE JEANFALCONER PALMER, PhB'24; GLADYS P.WINEGAR, PhB'24.THEODORE S. ELIOT, PhD'25, DAVIDM. SHARER, AM'25; SELDEN R. WARNER,PhD'25.JOHN A. GARCIA, SB'26, retired président of Allen & Garcia, Mining En-gineers, died August 8 in Spruce Pine,NC; NATALIE COMBS LYDON, PhB'26,ofChicago and Delray Beach, FL, diedFebruary 26; MARY SHERIDAN, PhB'26,AM'33, Oak Lawn, IL, former highschool teacher and elementary schoolprincipal, died July 28: LOUISE HARVEY SHOOP, PhB'26, died May 6; JOHN A.WILSON, PhD'26, the Andrew MacLeishdistinguished service professoremeritus, the Oriental Institute and theDepartment of Near Eastern Languagesand Civilizations, University of Chicago,died August 30 at his home in Hights-town, NJ.JOHN W. BARNET, SB'27, died August13; FRANK L. JENKINS, MD'27, Chicagophysician, died May 30; ROGER R.LEECH, JD'27, partner in the Chicagolaw firm ofTenney & Bentley, died July12; ISABELLE SULLIVAN MC DONNELL,phB'27, retired Chicago school teacher,died September 6 in Berwyn, IL;HERBERT J. NYE, PhB'27, died August24 in Santa Ana, CA.ELINOR B. GOELZ, PflB'28; SARAHSOLOMON SHERMAN, SB'28.JOHN RANDOLPH TUCKER ALFORD,X'29; MARIE BALDRIDGE, AM'29;MARTIN L. DOLBEER, AM'29; CARI. N.HOWIG, PhB'29, JD'3U CLARA MAR-BURG KIRK, PhD'29.VAN V. ALDERMAN, SB 30, PhD'39:SAMUEL M. HILBURN, PhD'30; ADELEJEANNE KIBRE, PflD'30; AGNESSPOERER LANGNER, PfiB'30.LOIS ELDER WINKLER, PfiB'31, diedAugust 27.CARI, C. POMERANCE, PhB'32, JD'33,died August 3 in Chicago.MARY THOMAS ROLl.EFSON, PflB'33:ANNIE LEE DAVIS SANDUSKY, PhB'33,AM'38.SOPHIE BRAMSON, PhB'34, died July9; LEONARD L. CLIFTON, am'34, formeracadémie dean of Oklahoma City Lfni-versity, died June 30; FLOYDI. MULKEY,AM'34, Chicago, died July 26; EDWARDL. ullman, SB' 34, PhD'42, professor ofgeography at the University of Washington, Seattle, and a member of the boardof directors of Amtrak, died April 24.NANCY MOIR WOODBURY, AM'35,Chestertown, MD, died June 3.DONALD BOERSMA, MD'38; ROLANDLATHAM, AM'38; MODDIE D. TAYLOR,sm'38, phD'43; Robert w. reid, sb'38,MD'4l.HARRIS G. BECK, SB' 39; ELIZABETHMC KINLEY, AM'39-ROBERT VENABLE BROWN, PhD'40;EDWARD S. GORDON, MBA'40; DAVIDM. LEVITAN, PhD'40; Rev. LE ROYWEIHE, X' 40.WILLARD J. DYKHOUSE, AB'41: PAULL. HAWVER, AM'41.LILLIAN BULLARD WITTEN MOSEE,AM'42, died September 5.GUS GARRIGUS, AM'43, died August28 in Russellville, AR.HERMAN M. SLATIS, PhB'44, SB'47,PhD'51. CHARLES HOLLOWAY, MBA' l5, Choc-colocco, AL, died January 23.MARGARET HOISINGTON, X'46, LongBeach, CA, died June 29; VICTOR P.STARR, PhD' 46. professor emeritus otmeteorology at MIT and a facultymember at UC from 1941 to 1947, diedMarc h 14.RANDOLPH CARR, AM'48, Washington, died September 24.DOROTHY E. RUDE, AM'49, Lynwood.CA, died June 14JOHN A. HAMILTON, X'50,Springfield, IL, died July 17; ROBERT L.MILLER, phD'50, professor of marinegeophysics at the University of Chicagoand an associate in marine geology at theWoods Hole (MA) Océanographie Institution, died July 25; FREDERICK L.SCHLINGER, AM'50, died July 12.AHMAD FUAD SHERIF, MBA'51,PhD'53, Egypt's minister ot state forcabinet affairs, died August 6 in Cairo ofa heart attackCI.ARENCE J. BOHN, X'53; MARJORIEFARLEY, AM'5 3, VICTOR HOFFMANN,AM'53; CHARLES F. MAAS, MBA'53.RALPH G. JOHNSON, PhD'54, professor and chairman, Department ofGeophysical Sciences, and professor inthe Physical Sciences Collegiate Division and the Committee on Evolution-ary Biology, the University ofChicago,died September 23; SAMUEL N.KATZIN, SB'54, died July 21 in Chicago.BETTY TAYLOR CLARKE, AM'58,Chicago, died August 26.JOAN SAMSON CARBERG, AB'59;WILLIAM JUSTUS IBER, MBA'59.PHILLIP MERIWETHER RENNICK,PhD'6l, died July 26.DON C. MC GIFFIN, AB'65, adminis-trator of grants and contracts in theOffice of Sponsored Programs, University of Chicago, died September 1 after aheart attack.LINDA B. LANDGREBF, AB'69, MD'73,died September 10 at her home in CoalValley, IL.LINDA SIGESMUND MOLOTCH,AM'70, Santa Barbara, CA, died July 3 inAthens, Greece, where she had been va-cationing with her family.CHARLES EDWARD NOLL, PhD'73,chairman of Illinois WesleyanUniversity's sociology department, diedJuly 18 following a heart attack.MARC DUDNIKOV, AB'74, Chicago,died this past summer.PETER KENNETH ERICKSEN, AB'74.died October 1. After years ot selt-taught guitar, he studied wdth MaestroCarlo Ramos, the classical Spanishguitarist, and was recording his musictor compétitions and auditions.LETTERS TO THE EDITORThe Chicago ConnectionDon Sider's article, "The Midway andthe Potomac," in your summer 1976issue was a révélation for me, and I amsure for many other alumni who hâvechosen a career in government. Ourpostgraduate connections are indeedmost casual, and I am personally ac-quainted only with those who attendedclasses with me or who joined theForeign Service at the same time I did. Ihad read the article in the February 2issue of Time but, knowing from myown expérience that there never was a"Chicago connection," I had not given itmuch thought. Your article puts a différent light on the picture by showingthe extent to which the post World WarII students managed to reach the top intheir chosen profession.As Joe Sisco said, most of us werevétérans ot humble tamily backgroundswho would never hâve gone to the University if there had been no war and noGl Bill of Rights. In the field of foreignaffairs, we were attracted by the réputations of Professors Hans Morgenthauand Quincy Wright. It was a moststimulating environment and I wasproud, upon entering the Foreign Service, to find that almost 10 percent ofthe class of new diplomats hadgraduated from the University ofChicago. By now, of course, most ofthèse are holding top positions in theState Department.The list published on page l-'t under"State Department" is not complète but,since Chicago alumni are not well ac-quainted with each other, it would bedifficult for any one person to give you acomplète list. As a start, however, hèreare three graduâtes who should hâvebeen included: Robett Hurwitch (AB'49), ambassador to the DominicanRepublic; Viron Vaky (AM'48), ambassador to Venezuela; Maurice Williams(AM'49), chairman, Development Assistance Committee, OECD Paris.Pierre R. Graham, AM'49Ambassador, American EmbassyOuagadougou, Upper VoltaDebating DebateA thème of your summer issue shouldnot go without comment. It is true thatChicago is the freest, most creativelyopen intellectual climate I hâve ever ex-perienced. It is not true that Chicago iscompletely open, without an unexamineddogma and that dogma appears — notwithout a certain complacency — in thisissue.It is permissible, in the Chicago climate, to hold any position on conditionthat it be defended in debate. It is notpermissible not to debate it. Is is permissible to question whether debate,dialectic, is the authoritative mode oftruth?What if Socrates was wrong?John W. Dixon.Jr. PhD 53Umversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill(Professor of Religion and Art, Committeeon Social Thought, "33)The Baseball TripThis cornes to thank you for the autumnissue of the Magazine which featured"The Longest and Most SuccessfulBaseball Trip ot ail Time," by RobertBaird. I am so grateful to you and amwriting a letter to Bob Baird in California. It will interest you to know that ouryounger son, Charles Roberts, teachesat Waseola University as well as atSophia International University — I callhim my "Japanese son" and will send theMagazine on to him.Miss Isabel Jarvis (PhB '12) broughtme the clipped story last week and it isbeing xeroxed by my son-in-law so thateach of the Glen Roberts and OrnoRoberts children can hâve a copy.When Charles was sent to Korea in1950, his father suggested that if ever hewas on leave and in Tokyo, to look upthe man with whom he had the "skir-mish" at base. Not only did he meet thevery baseman, but was entertained byhim for the day, saw the trophy roomwith an old "C" blanket on the wall, andwas given books recording that famoustrip. Somehow, destiny opened the wayfor him to return to Japan in i960 toteach American English and éducation.He married a Japanese girl.Mrs. Orno B. RobertsEvans ton. II.More on Baseball1 hâve your note of the 27th of September and the copy of the Magazine,and was certainly pleased with both. Isurely was pleased to see that you usedmy story exactly as written plus the firstnames of the boys. Also, I was pleasedto see it set in the area with ail of thepages devoted to the alumni. It was indeed quite a trip and would never hâvebeen written in this day except for mychance conversation with your Mr.Haydon.I hâve been a very poor alumnus. Iworked my way through collège ($40.00a quarter then), and left Chicago on bor-rowed money immediately for a sawmillin Montana to start into the lumber business. 1 did get back for the 25th classreunion, and the 40th to help celebrateMr. Stagg's 90th birthday in 1952, for Iworked under him for four years inbaseball and track.I would love to hear from the familiesof some of the boys if you get any in-quiries about my address.Robert W. Baird (PhB '12)Coronado, Ca.P. S. An afterthought: The picture in theMagazine shows the following membersof the team, from left to right: FrankPaul, Orno Roberts, Frank Collins,Baird, Fred Steinbrecher, and JohnBoyle.ON THE COVER. Do not 1er thefiowing robes tbol you; that figure is amaie: Boreas, the North Wind, andquite a lusty wind he was. Since theis quarterly, and naturally sea-sonal, we looked around for seasonalsymbols. On the Tower of the Winds,on Rosenwald Hall, facingthe directionsthey blow from, we found the fourwinds, jutring our into the quadrangles,impervious of the indecorous cavortingsof the strange stone créatures crawling,leaping from and slinking around therest of the Tower.Boreas, winter wind. He normallyholed up in a cave in Thrace. He blewup a gale at Artemisium during the Persian wars, routing the barbarie invaders,and the Athenians worshipped him for itever after in the festival of the Boreas-moi. His dumping of the Persian sail wasreally a family duty, however, since liehad earned off Oreithyia, daughter ofErechtheus, king of Athens, by whomhe had a couple of sons and either oneor two daughters (depending on whichpoet you read). It is nice to know he wasalso worshipped in Megalopolis in Ar-cadia.The Greeks either understood moreor were less finicky than we latter ;and so, as you might expect, there arethings to know about Boreas that are notnice. Before he seized Oreithyia, for instance, it seems he was enraptured withHyacinthus, and at some time in hiscareer he teamed up with a mare andbegot rwelve fieet horses that ail the oldpoets rhapsodize over. The home life ofthe ancients was décent, but, once theygot out of the house, they let loose.Anyway, Boreas and his three brotherwinds were the sons of Astraeus (starryone) and Eos (the dawn light). In somepoets, the father is Strymo. The idea isthe same, Astraeus being thought a kingin Macedon and Strymo a king on itsmountainous border. Anyone who hasgone to class on a winter morning in thequadrangles and felt the north wind cur-ting and jagging through Hull Court,gathering strength in the nooks behindRyerson and Kent, and then slicingacross the oval to end in a whirlpool infront of Harper, will know what theGreeks meant.In Latin, Eos is Aurora (not the oldtown to the west ofChicago, now a sub-urb) and our wind is seen in one form asAurora Boreahs, the northern lights. Winter. North Wind. Ours appears tohâve an armful of punchbowl. The images arise ... a nose dripping ice, locksblown in the wind, arms cuddled forwarmth, Persian ships overturned in thesea suddenly and lost, horses so swiftthey never touched the earth, the gentleHyacinth that will bloom in the coldstone amid snow at winter's <And you thought Rosenwald was oc-d by Business thèse days 'Just waittill you find out about the Spring Wind!Picture CréditsPhotographier: Eric FutranRichard Kimmel: Laughing gargoyiefrom "The UniverFunnier Than You Think," poster usedwith permissionMarc PoKempner: ;Robert Braidwood: pp. 20, 22Art Shay: pp. 31, 32ML RUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOPUBLIC READING ROOM64CHICAGO IL 606-££>