2*^¦¦-¦¦¦I fi ¦ HMiJANUARY/FEBRUARY 1974-'..«¦¦•"This quarter I am taking McKeon'5 8Norman F. MacleanSome thoughts about ideas^larold Rosenberg 13The tran sin ogrified CollegePictures by Leslie Travis 17The sexual revolution: fact or fantasy?lari E. Dyrud, M.D. 20Burton Court: land of enchantmentElizabeth Brownlee Gezon 24Jackson is new head of Association 273 Quadrangle news 26 Alumni newsVolume LXVI Number 4January/February, 1974The University of Chicago Magazine,founded in 1907, is published six times peryear for alumni and the faculty of TheUniversity of Chicago, under the auspicesof the Office of the Vice President forPublic Affairs. Letters and editorialcontributions are welcomed.Don Morris, AB'36EditorJennie LightnerEditorial AssistantSecond class postage paid at Chicago,Illinois; additional entry at Madison,Wisconsin, Copyright 1974, TheUniversity of Chicago. Published inJuly/August, September/October,Novembér/December, January/February,March/Aprii, and May/June. The University of ChicagoAlumni Association5733 University AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637(312) 753-2175Julian J. Jackson, PhB'31, PresidentArthur Nayer, Director, Alumni AffairsRuth Halloran, Assistant DirectorKristen Nelson, Program DirectorRegional Offìces1542 Riverside Drive, Suite FGlendale, California 91201(213)242-8288825 Third Avenue, Suite 1030New York, New York 10022(212) 688-73551000 Chestnut Street, Apt. 7DSan Francisco, California 94109(415) 928-0337735 South Fairfax StreetAlexandria, Va. 22314(703) 549-3800PICTURE CREDITS: Pages 1, 8, 17, 18, 19, 20, Leslie Travis; Page 7, Al Flores;Page 11, David B. Eisendrath; Pages 24, 25, Richard Rimmel; Page 27, Zeloof-Stuart Photography, Leo Burnett Co.COVER: The physical transmogrification of the College which was accomplished inits takeòver of Harper and parts of Wieboldt Hall and Business East (formerly theLaw School) is evident in this picture of the old law library, now adapted to the studyrequirements of the undergraduate, Chicago style. See Page 17.I^K" Quadrangle \h(ewstfwixt solstice and equinoxThese are strange times. Item: The University, as readers of this publication know, iscurrently — and for years will be — monitoringsome very sophisticated instrumentationwhich, having zoomed past the planet Jupiter,is on its way out of the solar system for goodand will probably be traveling into the universe forever.Item: An alumnus, AdamantiosAndroutsopoulos (X'59) is serving as theprime minister of Greece.Item: The state of Illinois had to — anddid — pass a new law changing a residencestatate in order for a University facultymember, Edgar Epps, the Marshall Fieldprofessor of urban education, to acceptappointment to the Chicago school board.Item: Because of this winter's energy short-age, the lovely nocturnal illumination ofRockefeller Memorial Chapel's exterior hasbeen turned off.Item: Walter Jeschke, the unofficial"dean" of Ida Noyes Hall, retired after forty-m i ì K ,1H> rrmi M 1Night lighting of Rockefeller Chapel, nowsuspended. four years of service to the University. At aparty honoring him, observers noted,students, staff, and Walter proved themselvescapable of carrying on conversation despite abrass ensemble enthusiastically interpretingthe music of Gabrieli.Round Table returnsLike the phoenix which is the University'ssymbol, the University of Chicago RoundTable has risen from the ashes again. Ahighly regarded institution as a network radioprogram, it began locally in 1931, then wentnational on NBC in 1933. (It even developed atriangular "round" table.) The Round Tablewas dropped in 1955. In 1967 it reemerged ontelevision, then faded out. In December,1973, it once again carne to life, with D.J.R.Bruckner, vice-president for public affairsand director of the Center for Policy Study, asits moderator.The hour-long discussion program is airedon WTTW, Chicago Channel 11; the day maynot be far distant when it will be heard inother cities as a PBS off ering.Law School vindicatedThe Law School, which last year had beenf ound guilty of violating federai equal em-ployment opportunity statutes by permittingstudent interviews by some law firms whichallegedly resist hiring women graduates, inNovember won a reversai of this EEOCjudgment. Upon reconsideration of the case,the compliance officer found that the LawSchool fully complies with the rules by ad-vising ali prospective employers of the law onnon-discrimination and by warning them thatthey will be denied the services of the LawSchool if they do not adhere to the legaistipulation.Cancer effort wins backingCancer research at the University got goodnews last fall in the form of two awards fromthe National Cancer Institute, a $4,291,352matching grant for construction and renova-tion of its Cancer Research Center, plus a$4,313,750 three-year operating grant. Inaddition to research, the grants will under- write expanded educational programs, in-cluding those for practicing physicians;specialized consultation services; and abroader use of the facilities of Universityhospitals in collaboration with other institu-tions in the area. The grants will also makepossible coordination and expansion of thework of the nearly one hundred facultymembers and their staffs now engaged inresearch on cancer.Cagers off to lively startMaroon teams compiled a mixed record in theautumn quarter. Football turned out to be adisappointing 0-6-1 season. Jack LeVan, asophomore tackle, was elected captain of the1974 team.Cross country was a cheerier story, with a10-9-0 tally. Co-captains for '74 will be BlairBertaccini and Dan Hildebrand.In soccer, Chicago's record was a nifty7-4-2. Co-captains for next fall are Juan Luco,a junior from Argentina, and Dan Lachman,a junior from Connecticut.Meanwhile the winter schedules got underway with four victories for Joe Stampfsbasketball team, which took over IllinoisBenedictine 77-73, National College 96-58,Lawrence 71-55, and Northwestern College76-39.Beh tightening continuesThe University continued to tighten its belt inthe past academic (and fiscal) year, accordingto the 1972-'73 financial report, attempting inthe process to maintain (or if possible,through painstaking husbandry, to improve)its exacting levels of excellence.It took some strenuous tightening. TheUniversity's operating expenditures were$1 73,606,000, up 460% in the past twodecades as a result of inflation, changing income patterns, and rising costs.Steps cited in the report:The "no-growth" policy continued withrespect to faculty size. As of June 30, 1973,the faculty numbered 1062, a reduction ofapproximately 4.8% since the policy wasadopted in 1970.Tuition was increased $150, bringing costfor undergraduates to $2,625 and forgraduate students $2,775 for a three-quarter3The Quadrangles stretched across the Pacific briefly, near the end of 1973, asfive trustees andthree faculty members, in Japan on various missions, gathered with Japanese alumni anddignitaries in the new Imperiai Hotel in Tokyo. Focus of the event was a copy of Chicago,Growth of a Metropolis, published by the Press and inscribed by President Levi forpresentation to Prime Minister Tanaka. In this picture Gaylord Donnelley, chairman of theUniversity's board, gives the book to Senkuro Saiki (right), managing director of the JapanFoundation, for transmission to Mr. Tanaka. At left is Jiuji Kàsai (phB'7J), president of theJapanese- American Cultural Society, Inc. (Japan). Last summer the University was one of tenAmerican universities designated to receive $1,000,000 grants from Japan for programs aimedat creating a better understanding of that country.academic year. Although tuition has risensteadily over the past few years, the averagecost per student is stili more than doublé thetuition fee.The University continued to reviewprograms and activities to tighten expendi-ture controls in ali academic and adminis-trative areas.These steps have been in keeping with theUniversity's intention, in President Levi'swords, "to operate within a policy of carefulconstraint. . . intended to further andmaximize the University's strength."KudosEdward Anders, the Horace B. Horton professor in the Department of Chemistry, theEnrico Fermi Institute and the College,received an "exceptional achievement" medalfrom NASA for studies of meteorites andlunar rocks adding to knowledge of the originof the moon and the evolution of the solarsystem.Harry Kalven, Jr. (AB'35, JD'38), anauthority on the First Amendment and theAmerican jury system, has been named the Harry A. Bigelow professor of law. He hasbeen a member of the University's law facultysince 1 945.Ben S. Meeker (AM'40) has been namedadministrator of the Law School's Center forCelebration: theThe repositioned College celebrated its newsituation in Harper and adjoining buildingswith a considerable amount of fanfare,including a special convocation at which fourhonorary degrees were awarded (one to analumnus), dedication ceremonies, a parade,many tours, and, not surprisingly in an insti-tution where the word is a valued commodity,many speeches. Nostalgia was ali over theplace. One of the talks — one of two given byNorman Maclean — is presented in thesepages in full, and pictures of study as it ispracticed in the College's new quartersappear on Pages 17-19, as well as on the coverof this issue. Studies in Criminal Justice. For the pasttwenty- three years he has been chief of thefederai probation office of the U.S. districtcourt in Chicago.Norman H. Nachtrieb (SB'36, PhD'41),associate dean of the Division of the PhysicalSciences and professor in the Department ofChemistry, the James Franck Institute andthe College, has been appointed master of thePhysical Sciences Collegiate Division andassociate dean of the College.Norman H. Nie, associate professor ofpoliticai science, and senior study director atthe National Opinion Research Center, wasco-winner of the Gladys M. Kammerer awardof the American Politicai Science Association,Edward Shils (X'37), distinguished serviceprofessor in the Department of Sociology andthe Committee on Social Thought, was the1973 winner of the University of ChicagoPress' Gordon J. Laing award for his bookThe Intellectuals and the Powers, publishedby the Press (and an excerpt of which waspublished in this Magazine in July/August,1972).Donald F. Steiner (SM'56, MD'56), theA. N. Pritzker professor in the Departmentsof Biochemistry and Medicine, was the firstwinner of the $5,000 Diaz Cristóbal prize andmedal of the Sociedad Espanda de Diabetes.He traveled to Madrid to receive the honor,given for his work on.proinsulin and insulinformation.Robert W. Wissler(SM'43, PhD'46,MD'48), the Donald N. Pritzker professor inthe Department of Biology and the PritzkerSchool of Medicine and director of theSpecialized Center of Research in Athero-sclerosis, received an honorary PhD from thefaculty of medicine of the University ofHeidelberg.CollegeIn visiting the new College quarters, soGaylord Donnelley, chairman of the board oltrustees, jocularly told one assemblage, "wesaw a lot of comf ortable cushions andbrightly painted rooms and ali sorts of facili-ties for people to relax in, to study in, to readin, and, from what I understand, for somepeople tosleep in."Honorary doctorates in humane letterswere conferred on Yale's Charles E. Lind-blom (PhD'45), Michigan's Kenneth L. Pike,and Harvard's Walter J. Bate; the degree ofbachelor of science on Harvard's FrederickMosteller. Convocation speakers were Charl"E. Oxnard, dean of the College and professe4in the Departments of Anatomy and Anthro-pology, the Committee on EvolutionaryBiology and the College; and Wayne C.Booth, former dean of the College, now theGeorge M. Pullman professor of English lan-guage and literature, professor in the College,and chairman of the Committee on theAnalysis of Ideas and Study of Methods.Gire first place to reason"The interesting thing about the Collegebeing given its new quarters, which it alwayshas taken as its due," President Edward H.Levi told the celebrants, "is that it has pro-gressively received such buildings as these. Ithad no buildings, so it got Cobb. It had nobuildings, so it got Gates and Blake. It had nobuildings, so it got Goodspeed. And it had nobuildings, so it now has Harper. Where will itend?". . . Some of us who were graduated, evenfrom the pre-Hutchins College, will recognizethe continuity joining what existed when wewent to the University, and that which existsnow. It is a continuity of seriousness. It is acontinuity which says that the teacher whoteaches must try to place his knowledge andhis explanation into some coordinated view ofknowledge as a whole. This has always beenthe spirit of the College."Perhaps today — unlike, perhaps, theearliest period — we're not so sure that aliknowledge can be organized into one unityand easily explained. But we are certainly surethat the endeavor to do it — that type ofseriousness — is the essence of good instruc-tion and beginning of understanding."This is why today, as at the beginning, theUniversity of Chicago' s College has said toeach student, 'You must take work in themajor fields of scholarship, where teachersare involved with the attempt to explain toyou, and to help you understand what therelationships are.' It is perfectly true that anyresearch scholar can take any slight bit ofknowledge and recreate a whole field ofknowledge."But the question is, does he do it? He onlydoes it if he sees that knowledge in relation-ship to other fields."And the second type of spirit that we havealways had in the University of Chicago is thefeeling that we do not deal with closedsystems. We know that our understanding haschanged, and we test the limits continually."And we test them most successfully whenthose who are teaching are those who are alsoengaged in discovering new insights. This iscommonly called, in these days, research. InHarper' s day the work was called investiga-tion. It is the investigation of the new thattests the old and recreates for us the ancientfruths in our new world. "The third element of our University, andof our College, has been a recognition of theimportance of the life of reason — not on thebasis that reason is everything; not on thebasis that emotions do not count, but for thevery reason that we live in a complicatedworld, in which men do not always act interms of the higher powers."At least in those universities that count,those that have a tradition of mankind'shighest effort, we give the first place toreason. And through the days of experi-ment — really since the beginning — this University has held its head high."This shelf for light reading onlyLorna P. Straus, assistant professor in theDepartment of Anatomy and in the Collegeand dean of undergraduate students, who hadbeen embroiled, on an almost encyclopedicbasis, in ali the physical aspects of the shift toHarper- Wieboldt and Business East, re-counted the story of Harper Library and thehighlights of the new remodeling job. (Inintroducing her, Roger Hildebrand, professorin the Department of Physics, the EnricoFermi Institute, and immediate past dean ofthe College, described Mrs. Straus as "anexpert, not only on the present arrangement,The west tower: a near catastrophe. but on generations of arrangements, oldstairways, doors and drainpipes.")She recounted, among other things, thenear catastrophe which the building sufferedin its nascent days:"The originai construction was not withoutits problems, and the estimate of the contractexceeded the budget available by $100,000, asignificant sum when the total estimated costwas $750,000."In order to reduce the cost the steel sup-porting structure was omitted, and reinforcedconcrete was used instead; that was a newmaterial in those days."First they built the east tower, then themain building, and then the west tower."The roof of the west tower was being puton, in the spring of 191 1 , when during a lunchhour it collapsed. Workmen tried to shore itup, but within a couple of hours the wholetower collapsed to the lower level. TheUniversity was really fortunate that no onewas injured or killed."Engineers reviewed the structure, andtheir conclusion was that each floor had notbeen strong enough to bear its own weightand the weight of the floors above it. Theweight of the roof s insulation was the Strawthat broke the camel's back. It was soondecided to rebuild the west tower using moresupporting elements."But what about the east tower? The easttower was built in the same way as the west,and yet it had not collapsed. Budgets beingbudgets — much the same then as they arenow — nothing was done about this. As long asit did not collapse, why rebuild it? In theconstruction of the east tower the lessons werenot forgotten, however, and the uses of thetower were limited. Those limits wereprominently posted. If a professor was as-signed an office in the east tower, he couldnot arrange his office to suit himself ; he hadto put books only where the engineersindicated it was safe to do so."Curriculum what? Dean who?There were reminiscences aplenty. One con -geries of these was presented by JamesRedfield, associate professor in the Committee on Social Thought and in the College:"I entered the College twice. The first timeI really didn't have any choice about it. TheUniversity of Chicago Laboratory Schoolwould not have me any more, and no othercollege in the country would admit me. Atthat time I was fifteen years old, so I carnehere. At that time F. Champion Ward wasdean of the College."Of course we did not know that. I don'tthink it had ever occurred to us — the people Iwent to college with — that our College had adean. What we knew about our College was5that it had a curriculum "I don't think that it had ever occurred tous that that curriculum had been designed byanyone. We associated the curriculum withthe name of Robert Hutchins, but I don'tthink any of us thought that Hutchins haddesigned it. We thought he had received it."La ter on I learned of people who had designed that curriculum. People like RichardMcKeon, Clarence Faust, F. ChampionWard, and others. Later I also learned thatmany of the people who had taught me at thatcollege thought that curriculum had flaws, oreven that it could be replaced. But we did notknow any of that at the time. For us thatcurriculum had what Max Weber calls tradi-tional authority. Not because it was im-mensely old; it was not. But because for us itwas the way it was simply because that wasthe way it was supposed to be."We were in college during the apathy ofthe fif ties. But we did not f eel in the leastapathetic. We f elt very alive and passionatelyengaged. We thought education was a goodthing in itself , that ali men by nature desiredto know, and that, coming to know of theworkings of things, we were fulfilling our-selves in the most genuine way. Others calledus apathetic. We thought the trouble was withthem. We thought it a bit odd to cali a studentinterested in his studies an apathetic student"During my last years as an undergraduatethis curriculum began to be criticized — fromwithin the University, and from without. Andthe reasons for this seemed to be entirely inadequate at the time (although they havecome to seem more adequate since). In f actwe were ali enraged. The only time I ever tookpart in a student demonstration was on behalfof the College curriculum. That was the sortof thing we demonstrated about in those days."Anyway, no one paid any attention to usand it was probably just as well "When, later, I became an assistant professor, I learned that there is much more toeducation than f ourteen courses. At twenty-four I found that I was much less welleducated than I had thought at eighteen."But stili I felt a very great affection forthat College because it seemed that there, forthe first time in my life, I had actually comealive."The second time I entered the College,Edward Levi was its dean. Many people donot remember this episode in the variedcareer of Edward Levi, but the f act is thatabout the time he became provost of the University he also became, briefly, acting dean ofthe College."He spent a year in trying to figure outwhat to do with the College. His method forapproaching this question was this: he hadlunch with just about everybody in theCollege, and he asked them what should bedone. And then pointed out that that was not the answer."He did not, however, have lunch with me.I was not in the College. I was hidden away inthe higher reaches of the Social Science Research Building teaching graduate studentsand, apparently, doing research. Solorganized my own lunches. I got together afew friends, most of them as nostalgie andunrealistic as myself , and we discussed thefuture of the College."Eventually our conversations carne to theattention of Edward Levi. He saw to it thatthey did. They also carne to the attention ofWayne C. Booth who replaced Edward Levi asdean of the College. And most of us becameeither collegiate masters or programchairmen. We pushed our way back into theCollege, determined to bring it back to thetrue faith. And then we learned somethingabout the realities of life."During this peri od most students in theCollege did not know it had a curriculum.Most of them, in fact, would have been hardput to it to say what a curriculum is. But theydid know that their College had a dean.During this period the College centered onWayne C. Booth. And such programs as ourcollegiate division that had succeeded in en-listing the loyalties of students also centeredon particular personalities "Now I think we are in a new phase. Iwould characterize it as a phase of rationality.I notice that students do not so much nowask, 'What is truth?' nor 'What can I believein?' They ask 'What can you do for me that Iwant done?' and 'What can I do with whatyou have to teach me?' They are serious, andthey work hard. But their seriousness is lesslikely to arise from an enthusiasm for education itself or from some admiration for someindividuai. It is more likely to arise from theirsober estimation that this education is thenext step in a long life. And there is nothingwrong with this."The College must recognize that it hasdifferent tasks at different times and thateach generation sets a new kind of problem."But I do have one thing to say abouteducation. I think there can be no educationin any important sense — in that much mis-handled term — without traditional authority."... Our attitude toward our tradition isincredulous, even ironie, even sometimescheerfully impudent. But we must, whetherwe like it or not, be shaped by our respect forpast achievements. Otherwise we shall bef aced with the task of inventing culture aliover again from scratch. And for this task weare certainly not equipped."If we lose our sense of the sheer por-tentous magnitude of men who have gonebef ore us, education will lapse into barbarismor into mere industrialized routine. We here,among others and with other things and otherkinds of places, are the custodians of a tradition, which is also an idea. This ideaneed not be embodied in the curriculum, butit must be somewhere. If this tradition is alivefor us, we can make it alive for others, andthus contribute in a cruciai way to the life ofour society."Therefore I'm very glad that we're here torededicate an old building. This occasionlooks to the future of the College, and also toits past. We inhabit an institution which weshare with Hutchins and Harper — and also,in another sense, with Newman, Erasmus,Abelard, Maimonides, Avicenna and Plato.From time to time we feel them among us,and when we do — not because we are men-tioning their names, but because we arearguing with them; stealing their ideas; redis-covering their language — our College is doingits job."Memories of CohbRobert E. Streeter, professor in the Department of English and f ormer dean both of theCollege, and more recently, of the Division ofthe Humanities, also sounded a note ofnostalgia in his contribution to the festivities:"Although I cannot claim to be the oldestliving inhabitant of the academic precinetsfrom which the College is now migrating, it istrue that I have spent twenty-six years of myacademic life in and around these buildingson the southwest corner of the Quadrangles.And it is with, let's face it, an emotion hearinga sneaking resemblance to nostalgia that Icontemplate the College' s move to its ingressive new center in Harper. An educationaltradition of consideratile importance wasgenerated in these halls — in Cobb, and Gates-Blake, and Goodspeed — so perhaps it is inorder to say a few kind words about theearlier habitats of the College as we carry thechalice across campus to Harper."Since we ali know that ancient history,because of the disappearance of contradictoryevidence, is more instructive than recenthistory, I shall concentrate my reminiscenceson the College' s Doric period — bef ore thethoroughgoing renovation of this building,Cobb Hall, even bef ore the conversion ofnearby Gates-Blake from women's dormi-tories to office buildings."In those distant years the College'squarters could be described as having a kindof seedy elegance — except, of course, for theabsence of elegance. The main thing aboutthe physical layout of off ices and classroomsin Cobb in that era was that it was relentlesstyeducational. Its quirkiness was such thatfaculty members and students were con-stantly f orced to question established ideas."Take, for example, the architecturaldogma that f orm f ollows function. By simplylooking around us, we knew that this was not6true. Most of our teaching days were devoted,in f act, to outwitting, as we functioned, theforms that had been bequeathed to us.fhrough rough-and-ready furniture movingat the start of each class, we learned how toconduct round table discussions in roomswith the dimensions and the acoustics ofbowling alleys."Our powers of concentration weresharpened by the fact that three of us dividedup a modest-sized office. Sometimes ali threeof us were conversing simultaneously withthree different students. Doubtless ourstudents acquired habits of mind — nimble-ness, flexibility, awareness of alternativeviews — which have stood them well in laterlife. In those benighted years, the space ex-ploration prgram had not been dreamed of,but ali of us, faculty and students alike, weresupremely qualified for life in a space shuttle."The peculiarities of our spatial arrange-ments also drove home even more specificlessons. When I first joined the faculty, theCollege English staff was housed on the fifthfloor of Harper east tower, and my particularoffice (shared with two others, as I havenoted) was designated Harper E57. So when,early in my first quarter, a young womanasked for an appointment to discuss a forth-coming essay, I jotted down my office numberon a slip of paper and asked her to stop by at4p.m. She did not appear; in fact shevanished from class for a couple of weeks."Later on, when I encountered her on theQuadrangles, she looked at me reproachfullyand said, 'Where were you? I waited for twohours at the corner of Harper Avenue andEast 57th Street.' And thus I learned, in thebest tradition of Chicago criticai pluralism,that a literary text is susceptible of at leasttwo quite different interpretations. . . ."Finally, let me report my belief that thereal reason for the University's withdrawalfrom intercollegiate football in the late 1930swas the discovery that the swaying floors ofCobb Hall were no longer able to support theweight of linemen of Big Ten caliber."From these scattered remarks there maynot emerge a totally persuasive account of thetelationship between architecture and education. But I hope I have conveyed some senseof the enormous attachment many genera-tions of teachers and students have felt forthe elderly buildings clustered on this cornerof the Quadrangles. Some of these associa-tions are very particular and physical: thespecial creak of the old centrai staircase inCobb Hall, the Gothic-novel vistas of theunderground stacks in Harper, even thediscovery that nowhere this side of Hudson'sBay does the winter wind bite more rigorouslythan at the north entrance of Cobb."But mostly our memories are of peopleand what they do here. We have valued the"itimacy, the informality, the sheer usability Stairway in the Cobb that was.of these surroundings. In these halls it hasbeen easy and naturai to meet people ofdiverse knowledge and interests, to exchangeideas, to speculate and to pian. In this seduc-tive environment, some people havecommitted interdisciplinary acts without evenknowing that they were being tempted."F. Champion Ward, former dean of theCollege, now program adviser on inter-national education to the Ford Foundation,sounded a note of caution:"The announcement which accompaniedthe invitation to the Harper rededication re-ferred to the pioneering role of the College.This reminder that stone walls do not acollege make has, I suppose, a certainawkward appropriateness on this occasion. IfI did not labor in one of the country's leastunpretentious glass houses, I could pursuethis theme more comfortably, perhaps citingone of the darker laws of Professor Parkinson, to the effect that the decision to createthe perfect headquarters is a sign that theinstitution in question has seen its best days."But I believe that, perhaps with an extraeffort, learning can be made to occur, even inpleasant surroundings. Nor can I reallyimagine the College hanging up its hair shirtsimply because now. there is an attractivecloset to which to retire it."But what kind of pioneering is now calledfor? The College has often pioneered as amatter of what it considered pioneering,itself, to be. Indeed it seldom felt quite com-fortable when it was followed and joined bywagonloads of permanent settlers."For one thing the converts always engaged in a great deal of bowdlerization. Forexample, even an exchange of cables is nowcalled a dialog, a term once employed and stiliprobably understood only in Chicago.Graduates of teachers' colleges may be heardreferring to heuristic methods and somethingcalled the disciplines. And everyone on TVnow speaks not only prose but rhetoric."Nor has the College ever confused leadership with serving. It has not sought to masterthe art of noting where the next wave isf orming, climbing aboard it, riding to shore,and then cultivating the illusion that it causedthe wave to reach the beach."The College has struggled upstream moreoften than not and this is the tale — themaintenance, or even revival, of beleagueredvalues, rather than the forging of novelties."Most recently the College has struggled tokeep the light of Hellas shining when thecounter culture seems to have concluded thatlight was the enemy of warmth. This effortwas necessary, admirable and, apparently,finally successful. The long lifeline stretchingback to the Greeks was not broken."But were the losers in that strugglealtogether mistaken? And had the winnersnoticed how frail and attenuated that lifelinehad already become before the counterculture set out to cut it?"Has not even the pioneering and liberaleducation which the College has done beenpreshrunk, confined within the bounds ofwhat is academic, rather than what might beeducational?"It may be a trick of historical difference,but one gets the impression the Greeks werefar less uneasy than we have been about theeducational role of the practical and pro-ductive arts, to say nothing of athletics.Between their day and ours, two influences, itseems to me, have been especially refractive.One is the aspirations of the social sciencesand the humanities to achieve the conditionof the naturai sciences at the expense, in myview, of their primary relationships to actionand to art."The other is the hardening of theacademic community into a restrictiveguild, prepared to stand by and repel aliboarders from the worlds of doing andmaking. Doing and making have beenassimilated into knowing — or the normativeand the productive into the cognitive. What iseducational is what can be taught by reading,talking, listening and writing in libraries andclassrooms. And the specific business of acollege education chronically runs the risk ofbeing shrunk to the preparing of under-graduate students to become graduatestudents. . . ."The classical influence most likely toprevail in higher education, may be notPericles — or Praxiteles or even Socrates —but Procrustes."Shun Procrustean exemplar1'This quarter I am taking McKeon'A few remarks on the art of teachingNorman F. MacleanWhat I am to talk about today is predetermined by the generalpurpose of this Festival, which is to celebrate the College andthe art of teaching, and by the guests invited to this finalluncheon, who are ali experts in the art of teaching, either aspractitioners or as critics. Today's recipients of honorary de-grees had to be renowned for their teaching as well as theirresearch; present today also are many of the winners of theQuantrell Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching;the Visiting Committee of the College is made up of ourtrustees who have set aside part of their lives to encourage theThe accompanying article was presented as a talk at one of thegatherings held in connection with the rededication of theHarper-Wieboldt complex as the new headquarters of theCollege. Norman Maclean (PhD'40), William Rainey Harperprofessor in the College andprofessor in the Department ofEnglish, was honored by theUniversity for excellence inundergraduate teaching threetimes: in 1932; then in 1941with a Quantrell award in thefourth year of these honors'existence on an annua! basis.He again won a Quantrell in1973: — his second, and histhird citation for doing verywell what he had chosen to do.Loved by generations ofstudents, he finished his final academic year of teaching lastJune. Now he has time to indulge full-time his passionfor theAmerican West. art. And Edward Levi is here only partly because he is president of our University. He is here also because of his dis-tinction as a teacher in one of the greatest of ali teachingtraditions, the teaching tradition of the Law School, where atany moment a lecture can turn into a sudden cross-examina-tion of the student — or the teacher.I believe the student aides are also present, and, if so, theyare here because they are our best critics, and an art flourishesmost fully when it is surrounded by fine criticism, although Iam not quite sure of the historical truth of this last statement.So it has been predetermined that I should talk today on theimpossible subject, teaching, in almost impossible circum-stances. Anyone here could and probably should get up andgive this talk, and ali of us would say fundamentally the samefew things, even if somewhat differently.For instance, I am sure that any of us would start off bysaying that he never read or heard anything that helped himmuch with his own teaching. I am retired now, and in lookingback I can think of only one such thing that helped me, andI'm not sure it helped, but I admit using it.I started teaching at Dartmouth College immediately aftermy graduation there, and, also immediately, one of my classeswas inspected by a senior member of the faculty. The samething was done to one of my classes when I started teachinghere, but here instead of saying that they were "inspecting" myclass they said they were visiting, and sent a woman. But atDartmouth they sent a man. His name was McCallum and hewas tali, red-headed and Scotch, with a long sardoniemoustache. He would have resembled Mephistopheles, ifMephistopheles had been Scotch, as he well might have been.Like most Scotchmen, he took religion very seriously, onlyhe happened to be an atheist, and would not allow the wordGod to be mentioned in his classes. He was the first greatteacher I ever had, but naturally my feelings were mixed aboutbeing inspected by someone who did not think very much evenof God. Stili, 1 regarded him so highly as a teacher that I was8sure he would teli me something about teaching when my classwas over that, however harsh, would let me in on the secret tothe mystery.I discovered later that he himself had had no mixed f eelingsabout the coming prospect. He thought the whole business wasbeneath him — and beneath me, for that matter. But it wassome years later when I found out these feelings. In the mean-time some hours had passed after he inspected my class and hehadn't called me into his office; and then some days, andfinally several weeks.At times in life unexpected silence is a momentary relief , butit can go on until you can't bear it any longer and finally youhave to hear something, no matter what. So finally I made anappointment with him at his office and when I carne in heasked, "Yes?" as if he didn't know why I carne. I couldn'tthink of any way to approach the subject gradually, so I asked,"What did you think of the class?" And he asked, "Whatclass?" I said, "My class, the one you inspected." Then hesaid, "It was ali right." We had suddenly run out of conversa-tion, but stili I couldn't leave. I was stili hoping for the secretthat would clear up the life that was to come. Finally, I asked,"Don't you have something to teli me that would help me be agood teacher?"Martoriai pedagogyHe thought for a while and then said, "Wear a different suitevery day of the week." He had come from Princeton.I said, "I can't afford that.""Well, then," he said, "wear a different necktie."I had been brought up to believe that you made the most inlife of what little you had, and, since this is ali that has everbeen told me about my teaching, I must confess that I wore adifferent necktie every day of the week until I retired. I neverdid get up into the daily suit class.So, as we ali know, teaching is something like physics ormusic. It is mostly biological. It is something you can do — ornot do — when you are f airly young. If you can do it, experiencewill make you a little better. Then toward retirement you willget a little worse. I have just given a complete log of a teacher. Ifeel that I have slipped now to where I am about as good aswhen I started teaching at twenty. In between, there were timeswhen I was a little better. That's it.If , though, I have heard only one thing that has been directlyuseful to me as a teacher, I have had the opportunity to watchunusually gifted teachers through the years. I don't knowwhether this results in anything one can incorporate directlyinto his own teaching, teaching being such a highly indi-vidualized art, but it does make one a better teacher by liftingup the spirit and making one feel elevated about what he haschosen to do in life. Though I retired after teaching in only twocolleges, Dartmouth and here, they are two colleges that putgreat premium upon fine teaching. When I went as a studentto Dartmouth in 1920, I was told that a great tradition had only recently died and might at any moment be revived. Thetradition was called "horning." Presumably Dartmouth students for generations had rented a barn and stored hundredsof horns in it, and when a teacher was hired who was something less than pleasing, the students would assemble at nightat the barn, arm themselves with horns and march around theteacher's house, for ali practical purposes terminating his contact irrespective of whether, according to the AmericanAssociation of University Professors, the contract stili hadthree years to go.In later years, I carne to doubt whether in fact there had everbeen such a custom, because when I was a junior I acquired acouple of teachers who I thought might be improved bymusical accompaniment, but the barn where the horns werestored could not be found, either in daylight or literally bylantern. But even if it was only a legend, it worked. I even carneto suspect it was a legend started and nurtured by the ad-ministration, as an effective and cheap device to get some verycreative teaching.At the University of Chicago, of course, one of our chiefdevices to spur the teacher on to higher eff orts is the QuantrellAward for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching. It has alsoproved to be a very effective device for encouraging teachers toput forth their best eff orts, but it is more costly than the Dartmouth method. Whereas the Dartmouth method works bytrepidation and musical chairs and mythical horns, theUniversity of Chicago method works by showers of solidblessings amounting to four and sometimes five awards eachyear of $1,000 each. Although admittedly the Dartmouthmethod of improving pedagogy was effective, I am sure thatthose of us who have received the $1,000 tax exempt awardthink of the University of Chicago's method as the morehumane, and we take this opportunity collectively to pay ourrespects to the University and the memory of Mr. ErnestQuantrell.It is a fitting occasion, I think, for me to say a few wordsabout the Quantrell award and its donor. The QuantrellAward for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching is the firstsuch award ever to be established on an annual basis. If youlook in the University archives, you will find a copy of a letterwritten in 1959 by Allan Simpson, an historian then dean ofour College and now president óf Vassar College, to Timemagazine complaining about an article in which Time saidthat an award of $1,000 for excellence in undergraduateteaching just established by the University of Pennsylvania wasthe first of its kind. In this letter Allan Simpson pointed outsomewhat bitterly that the University of Chicago had beengiving such an award since 1938. At that time Allan had notbeen long in this country and was not accustomed to Timemagazine being no closer than twenty years to the truth.Actually, the truth is that awards for excellence in undergraduate teaching were given by our College as early as 1930,in part out of money then given anonymously by Mr.Quantrell, and the great editor of the Madison papers, Mr.9Ernest QuantrellWilliam T. Hutchinson, who was one of these 1930 awardwinners, is here today. Butthe award was first established on an annual basis in1938, and in an article inSchool and Society, Mr.William Morgenstern, whomade a life-time reputationfor being grouchy about thetruth, says the Quantrellaward is the first suchaward, and 1*11 take his word• for it.Ali of us here whoreceived this award beforeMr. Quantrell's death in1963 knew him at leastslightly, as I did, because heliked to have lunch with uswhen he visited Chicago. Hewas intelligent, gracious,very modest and a great lover of our College. I shall make fouror five statements about him that may seem scattered at first,but a little reflection may show some relationship among them.His father was an Indiana school teacher who told his son thatthe University of Chicago was the university of the future. Mr.Quantrell belonged to the class of 1905, noted for its fidelity tothe University. He became a broker, and from here on the relationship between the events becomes clearer and clearer. In1928, just before the crash, he had the great intelligence andgood fortune to sell his holdings in the market. In 1929, hewas elected trustee of the University. In 1930, he gavemoney, as I said, for awards for excellence in undergraduate teaching. In 1938 these awards were made annual,and in 1954 Mr. Quantrell was finally persuaded to doff hisanonymity. But even then he insisted the award be named, notafter him, but after his father and mother. So the award nowhas the officiai title of the Llewellyn John and Harriet Manchester Quantrell Award for Excellence in UndergraduateTeaching. Ultimately, then, we should be grateful to anIndiana school teacher who thought that the University ofChicago was the university of the future, and to his son whothought 1928 was a good year to sell his stock.Partly since the two universities where I have taught havehad very different but very effective extracurricular stimuli toget the maximum yardage out of their teachers, I have had theprivilege of observing some remarkable teaching in my time, agood deal of it done by some present today.For some years after I started out on my observation tours Isaw nothing in common between one great teacher andanother. For instance, Wayne Booth, who gave us this morningone of the few fine convocation speeches I have ever heard,walks into his classroom, takes off his coat, hangs it on theback of the chair, sits on the corner of his desk, which he uses as a launching pad.But his great master — and mine, too, for that matter — wasR. S. Crane, and he couldn't have been more formai. He worea tali starched collar and I can stili see the tip of his gold collatbutton only partially hidden under the knot of his tie.Joe Schwab punches a student ali over the ring until hefinally gets him in a corner and disposes of him. So Joe Schwabteaches like a prize fighter.But Tom Hutchinson taught like an architect. He began hislectures just as the beli rang and his last word carne just as itrang again and, when you looked back over it, ali the partswere there in just the right order and size, and it had thebeauty that comes from something built in serenity.So you can teach like a prize fighter and be a great teacher,or you can teach like an architect and be a great teacher, oryou can be a great teacher in shirt sleeves or in back of a goldcollar button. It seems you can do about anything and be agreat teacher.But if you like to go around watching great teachers, as I usedto when I could sit longer in one place than I can now, you willeventually see certain common characteristics emerging amidali the variety of gymnastic techniques. And, on the basis ofsome of the more obvious of these common characteristics, 1am willing to make a rough description of a great teacher justto get started on this part of the subject. Later I hope to refineit, but 1*11 start by saying that a great teacher is a tough guywho cares deeply about something that is hard to understand,To vivify what I have just said, I think 1*11 take one of themost popular and flamboyant of undergraduate teachers inour College's history. I take him in deference to Mr. Bate,whose honorary degree was awarded today in part because he is one of the world's most renowned scholars andteachers of early 19th century Romanticism.Teddy Linn of long ago had no such distinction as a scholar,but what he lacked in scholarship about Romanticism he madeup in being a flamboyant version of Romanticism itself. It wasforty-five years ago this autumn when I went to observe hisopening class in his favorite course in the English Romanticpoets, and I remember the class as if it had been held yester-day. Well, I don't remember the first few minutes of the class,because those of us who hadn't seen him in action before wereworried that the cigaret on the edge of his lip would bum hislip in another half-inch, but the cigaret evidently always wentout in another quarter of an inch and stuck there the rest ofthe hour.Mr. Linn, in his introduction to Romanticism, mentioned nosuch aged and agricultural figures as Wordsworth, and he saidnothing on the opening day about Coleridge and Germanmetaphysics, although Coleridge and Wordsworth carne firstchronologically. For his opening words, he jumped the firstgeneration of English Romantic poets and went straight fotKeats.Keats was dead, he said, when he was no older than some ofthem in the class and only a few years older than most of them.10gè was immortai at an age when they did well to get C plus ona theme in English composition because it had no split in-finitives or dangling participles. He said that despite thisnotable difference, they and Keats were one in that Keats gavethe finest expression in ali literature of what was best in them.gè said when you grew older, as he had, you grew used tothings, but youth trembled at the beauty of the earth, evenwhen death stood dose by. And he said Keats knew he wasdying, and he recited the "Ode to Melancholy" and repeatedthe final stanza which beginsShe dwells with Beauty — Beauty that must die;And Joy, wkose hand is ever at his lipsBidding adieu.Then he told them a story, somewhat apocryphal, I am sure,but so spiritually true that I — and I am sure the rest of theclass — will never forget it. He told them how Keats had beensent to Rome when it was discovered he was dying of tubercu-losis, and how an art student friend of his by the name ofSevern nursed him in his last illness. And how one day Severnhad gone out shopping, and when he carne back he foundKeats leaning on his elbow staring at his pillow. And whenSevern got closer to the bed he saw that Keats hadhemorrhaged while he had been gone and so was staring at hislife blood. Then suddenly Keats either saw or felt that Severnwas present, and raised his head, and said, "Look, man, atthat red against that white.""And so," Mr. Linn said, "you will bring in a papertomorrow on John Keats." There was a long silence, and I amsure Mr. Linn knew how it was going to be broken. Finally, afraternity pledge raised his hand and asked, "Did you say thatpaper is due tomorrow?""That's right," Mr. Linn said. "Tomorrow. That's just to letyou know what big teeth your grandmother has."Everybody in class had his paper in the next day, and,although I never saw any of them, it's a good bet that none ofthem was much good. But that wasn't the idea.I used this incident to illustrate my rough definition beforediscussing it, especially the ingredients of being tough andcaring deeply.When I say "tough," I realize we are in an age whenstudents seem to be demanding that teachers stroke the silk ontheir egos while serving them sherry with the other hand, and Ihave one favorable thing to say about ali this — the studentsdon't seem to care whether the sherry is good or not, and aftera while they tire of the whole business.The truth is, no matter what students seem to be saying atthe moment, they want things tough, too. A student has to besick to want a teacher for a pai or a pet. Of course, studentsdon't care to be roughed up just to give somebody else plea-sure, and by being tough I don't mean being rude or unsym-pathetic, although I want to make clear that I do not feel anycompunction about being courteous to ali people at ali times,either in a classroom or anywhere else. You treat students the James Weber Linn — a tough guy who cared deeply.way you treat other people — the way you think they deserve tobe treated.I would be glad to argue this matter psychologically or evenphilosophically. Outside, just ahead of the student is the worldof lumps-and-bumps. Is day-care what he needs most at thisstage of the game to help him be ready? And, if so, just wheredid we acquire the breast-development to give it to him? ButI am not really looking for arguments today. I have included"toughness" in the definition of great teachers because, onobservation, I have found it one of their few commoncharacteristics.Some years ago I had a student by the name of LizGinsburg. She was a great handsome, intelligent girl whoremains one of my all-time favorites. I hadn't seen her forsome time, so when I ran into her I asked, "Liz, what are youdoing this quarter?" And she looked at me a little glassy-eyedand said, "This quarter I am taking McKeon," which, as ali ofus know who have been students of his, is just a refined way ofsaying, "This quarter McKeon is taking me."What a great compliment for a great and tough teacher!Would that the campus were alive with large, handsomeintelligent girls murmuring, "This quarter I am takingMaclean."Then I also want to say a little about the part of the definition that has to do with caring deeply about something hard tounderstand. This is the part without which there is nothing. Inthis student-oriented age when we are ali huddled togetherwith "togetherness," I should like to step slightly apart and sayI have seen great teachers who didn't care much aboutstudents, including America's first Nobel Prize winner, AlbertAbraham Michelson.There was another eminent scientist who by legend foundteaching very disturbing because, as he said, "Every time Iremember the name of a student I forget the name of a fish."But, according to the legend, he was also a fine teacher, and, ifthe account is true, he became the first president of Stanford.Most teachers like some students for some reason or other,11and the rèverse is true — most students have a few teachers theylike, sometimes for very obscure reasons. But, in the legend,our scientif ic president of Stanford was a fine teacher becausehe liked fish, and you can't be one unless you do. And inaddition have, as you can see he had, the power of conveyinghis feelings about fish.On the other hand, I don't want to push a teacher to a placewhere he has to publish or perish. After ali, if it had not beenfor students of his, Socrates would have had no bibliography.Perhaps that is why he didn't get tenure. If one becomes con-temporary and looks at the list of Quantrell award winners in a- disinterested way, he finds that of the 127, perhaps half alsohave the distinction as scholars. The count could vary five orten one way or the other, depending upon how one feels aboutfriendship while he is counting, but that roughly is the pro-portion, and it is roughly the proportion I have seen to existamong the great university teachers I have observed in something over half a century of counting.Teachers' genesIt is for my half of this proportion that I should like to say afew words. But just to get the cards dealt f airly before we beginthis game, let me add that, during the same half century ofobservation, something less than half of the great scholarshave not been great teachers, or even very good ones, a factwhich has lef t the world somewhat short of very good teachers.Now, as to the particular fraction for which I was going tospeak. First of ali, we believe that scholarship should and doespervade this university and other great universities. Secondly,we think that in some f undamental senses we are scholars, but,for this to be true, scholarship has to exist in several funda-mental senses besides the conventional one that results in along bibliography.No matter how we think of scholarship, we must at leastthink of it as the discovery of truth, and in the conventionalsense this discovery should also be a discovery of some sig-nificance to our colleagues. It is in this sense that we say that agreat university is known for its great scholars and that aperson is — if he is — a great scholar and a great teacher.But a teacher must have a wider range of discovery thanthis. A teacher must forever be making discoveries tohimself — he must have a gene marked "Freshness of theWorld."And then he must have another gene that gives him thepower to lead students to making discoveries — ultimately, hehopes, to the power of self -discovery. This gene might bemarked, "You-Don't-Say-So?" Howevér, many of thesestirring discoveries may have been made, indeed should havebeen made, before by other men and women, and hence are not publishable in a scholarly journal.Now there is this third gene marked, "The Best and Fresheston the Subject." As a minimum, the great teacher must have ahalf of this gene— the half that gives him command of the bestthat is known among his colleagues. However, he may or maynot have the other half of the gene which leads him as aminimum to a hankering after immortality in a footnote.I should like to leave this part of the subject in language thatdoes not echo the "publish or perish" controversy, and so \shall say that the great teacher should care as much as anyman for his subject and be able to convey his pleasure in it farbetter than most.Perhaps a Freudian way could be found to describe the greatteacher that would at least be more interesting than measuringthe length of his bibliography. There is no greater common-place from Freud than that in the beginning we are ali Id, theprinciple of pleasure and lust, and the Ego, the principle ofreason and sanity, comes later and is only a feeble outgrowthof the Id, is always subservient to it, and is developed only toprotect the Id from the censure of society and to allow it themaximum fulfilment in a world where orgy is a bad word,But long before I reached the age of retirement I realizedthe reverse of this can be a second truth. The ego can becomeso powerf ul that it can woo the id and make pleasure a servantof reason and sanity. The reason can become so powerful andfancy that it can make love to the id and say, "Look at me. Feelmy muscles and see how graceful and beautiful I am. As forgifts, I can bring you samples of the moon. Forget aboutwomen' s lib and come along and pledge to love, honor andobey me, and consider yourself lucky." I would be willing,then, I think, to consider the art of teaching as the art of per-verting nature, as nature is given to us by St. Sigmund, and Iwould accept, not wholeheartedly I admit, a definition ofteaching as the art of enticing the ego to seduce the id into itsservices.My father, I am sure, however, would have had nothing todo with such a definition. As a Presbyterian minister, he wouldhave remained aloof from any definition that began withseduction and ended with the id. What he would have saidwould have been something more or less like this: "Teaching isthe art of conveying the delight that comes from an act of thespirit (and from here on the Presbyterianism gets thicker),without ever giving anyone the notion that the delight comeseasy."Although I realize the variety of religious experience presenthere today, I shall end on this Presbyterian note. So teachingwill remain as the art of conveying the delight that comes froman act of the spirit, without ever giving anyone the notion thatthe delight comes easy.But ali I really know about teaching is that, to do it well,suppiosedly you should change you necktie every day of theweek.12SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT IDEASToo much reflection on the 'degradation of modem man'leads the oddest people to put on the air of feudal aristocrats'Harokl RosenbergContrary to the suggestion contained in the term, the "middle-brow" is not a halfway person. The notion that ali the middle-brow wants is to mediate between the inventor of difficultThe accompanying article is taken from a seciion"Themes" in Mr. Rosenberg'snew book, Discovering thePresent: Three Decades in Art,Culture and Politics (Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1973, $10). Professor in theCommittee on Social Thoughtand the Department of Art, heis also art critic of The NewYorker. He joined the University's faculty in 1966. Otherbooks by Mr. Rosenberg haveincluded The Tradition of theNew, The Anxious Object, andArtworks and Packages. headed truths and a public intellectually unprepared to receive them isa delusion — a delusion fostered by the middlebrow himself.The fact is that the middlebrow is a fanatic and has his owntruth. It is the truth of those seeking revenge, of the insultedand the injured. For the middlebrow has been scorned by boththe ignorant and the educated; by the ignorant for showing offhis education, by the educated for yielding to ignorance andfailing to pursue ideas.The working maxim of the middlebrow is: Knowledge is acommodity that can be purveyed at a profit. But you will notgrasp the vengeful middlebrow principle if you limit yourselfto his economics. Beyond this economie rule, the middlebrowhas another principle, one which he keeps to himself: Knowledge is not power but can be a tool of power. In this is reflectedthe full depth of his malice and his ambition.Appalled by the enormous implications of his secret credo —that he himself can rule the world through the manipulation ofideas — the middlebrow dons the disguise of the Middle Way.Should the spotlight fall on him, he will deny any part in theconspiracy. Look squarely into his smiling, reasonable pan,however, and you will have no trouble spotting that it is a maskwhich he can replace in an instant.13Underneath his make-up of the impartial "communicator"who wants nothing more out of life than to enable you tounderstand what great minds think, this shrewd, ambitious,and fearf ul creature is scheming to win everything for himself,including respect for his mediocre mental fabrications. Werehe able to have his way, both highbrows and lowbrows wouldbe extinguished and his breed alone would survive as the typeintended by evolution.Ideas as tools can never conquer completely, for there aremen who are haunted by ideas.By embracing the idea as a living presence, such a man fillsit with his own self, which interferes with its merely workingparts, a kind of monkey in the machinery.No idea will f unction efficiently if someone is going to insiston taking it with absolute seriousness. The idea of freedombegan to work poorly when John Brown appeared, as did theidea of communism when revolutionary Hungarian studentsmomentarily rescued it from the textbooks.American literature is becoming more sophisticated aboutpersons who manipulate ideas and are manipulated by them —for example, editors, hucksters, PR* people. Yet despite thethirties and its casualties, America has stili to learn how to dealwith people haunted by ideas.Self vs. ideaOne reason our literature fails to rise to the comedy andtragedy of the idea-haunted intellectual is that the Americanintellectual fails to recognize his own case. Struck with a19th-century concept of the free personality and a belatedromanticism, he apprehends life as a struggle to preserve hisuniqueness from damage by "the material weight of society."It never occurs to him that this uniqueness does not existexcept through an idea, and that it is his idea that he ought todefend at ali costs. Instead, it is for the illusion of self that hestruggles, even against his idea. For the sake of his constantlyvanishing ego — and just because it is always vanishing — he willforsake not only his family, his love, his vocation, but even hisdeepest conviction, lest it dilute the originai man in him. So hewars against everything, like a swami turned inside out, and,naturally, he loses — how could he win? — and must consolehimself with the old song and dance about his personalitybeing crushed by social forces. "Keep complaining," reply hiskeepers. "So long as social power remains in our hands, we canafford to let personalities fall like leaves."It is possible to get sick of outlaws. Especially if their onlyjustification for being outlaws is a position that uttered its last*PR here stands for public relations, not Partisan Review. word a century ago. As for the real world, it has entered into anage of infighting.Fake pity masks self-pityOne also gets sick of victims, whether their injuries were in-flicted upon them individually or as members of a group. Theproper response is to rush them to a hospital and to clean upthe conditions that brought them to their sorry pass. Our aimshould be to eliminate the victims through philanthropy andsocial justice. To cherish their complaints as literature is tocover up indifference with esthetic hypocrisy. Yet where wouldAmerica' s officiai literature be without hypocrisy? WithoutMacLeish's /./?., soap opera of the common man as victim. Anepic — of liberalism, no doubt. Fake pity which covers up realself-pity.Though a victim, Ahab was justified because in retaliationfor one mere leg he put into practice his idea that to be a freeindividuai meant that no one could take him for a sucker andget away with it. In a nation of confidence men this was apretty good idea, though to make the principle universal, Ahabhad to extend it to include nature and accidente which madehis idea grotesque (e.g., no hurricane is going to beat me up).In any case, Moby Dick is a drama of the refusai to be avictim, of the going over of injury into freedom by means of anuncompromising idea of justice. The Fitzgerald trauma issomething quite different.Ahab, like Raskolnikov, was outlawed by his idea. Havinghis leg bitten off inspired him; without this inspiration hewould have been a mere handicapped sea captain. Had hecomplained about his accident or attempted to explain it byunsafe conditions in the f ishing industry, ali the worse for him."Aw, stop whining," they would have told him on the bendi.As it was, his amputation became the pretext for a string ofaggressive formulas, derived from capitalism but transcendingit:Every loss a profit.Impossible to break even, but only a slave lets himself besubtracted +Freedom means 1=1. Minus a leg, plus a world.Ahab, outlawed by his idea, cannot be rehabilitated. To thesociologist, as to the doctor, he is a hopeless case. Since thereis nothing they can do for him — actually, he's making outmuch too well — he has become a proper subject for the re-searches of poetry. (However, in no way does Ahab's ordeal re-flect discredit on medicine or sociology — as does humansuff ering in reactionary fiction, where the limitations ofscience are gleefully seized upon as an argument in behalf of14superstition, as if medicine were worthless if it cannot growback legs eaten off by fish.)In the Fitzgerald trauma, inherited by Faulkner and manyof his literary descendants, the heavens are closed like a scar.jvlisery aplenty, but no storms. The hero fights to break even.Who will deny that, had it been up to him, Gatsby or JoeChristmas would have chosen to live without his handicap? Ofcourse, being a romantic, he had use for his blemish: it madehim mysterious, a personality, "unique" — and provided himwith an issue, that of being low class or black. This issue con-tained his drama: to "pass" or not to "pass."What haunts this hero is not an idea but the image ofanother social self, a tonier one, a whiter one, which he mighthave were he not prevented. He wishes to be somebody else,and an abstract somebody at that. He is an outlaw throughconformity — like one who steals a pair of silk gloves atTripler's — a conformity made passionate through frustration.Identification by philistinesThus his pained presence gives pleasure and reassurance tothose on the inside, who, through him, think themselvesdesirable (which they are not to themselves). Why have Fitzgerald and Faulkner become so popular since World War II?— I mean, not in literary circles, where apart from their mentalqualities they deserve to be appreciated for their verbal andvisionary gifts, but on Broadway, in the movies, and withmasses of paperback readers. As the literature of hungeradded savor to the giant meals of the Victorians, so today theliterature of the outcast draws the philistines closer together asthey recognize themselves in both the excluded and the ex-cluders.But are Gatsby and Christmas genuine human outcasts, asAhab is by his idea? Why shouldn't they "pass"? There are somany things to pass into, every one of them as good as theLong Island elite or the Southern pure white. (It's an insult toexpect me to take Gatsby's predicament seriously, as if I, too,ought to concede that my life is worthless unless I can climbinto the social set where he wanted to belong.)But no, no passing! To the author, the heavens, and theearth too, are closed like a scar. As he himself is ideologicallycommitted to being "crushed by the material weight ofsociety," so must his hero. To keep the latter's case from beingsettled amicably (perhaps with the aid of the "socialdynamics" that those despised big-city intellectuals are so fondof talking about), it is necessary to insist that his hero'sblemish is more than skin-deep. The author is on the side ofthe hero's flaw and against his hero.This is another way of saying that the author is against man,in favor of a parochial hierarchy of values that is devoid of anyidea. No wonder Faulkner had Christmas ritualistically sacri- ficed by a human vermin whose beastliness he covered withseraphic refulgence. While Fitzgerald practiced upon Gatsby aspecies of persecution, with the aim of demonstrating hissolidarity with those who assumed the right to despise him —like a Communist under a cloud who to prove his loyalty putsthe finger on a contrade. Fitzgerald's tale succumbs as under adecree of fate (of course, he's personally on Gatsby's side) tothe enemy's condemnation of Gatsby and its satisf action withitself. His work groans and leaps with the hardships, humilia-tions, elations, and stoical afterthoughts of social climbing, thelaws of which in modem United States literature are generallymistaken for a metaphysics of identity.The ostracism of Gatsby and the damnation of Christmasrepeat the old theme of romantic revolt — but in reverse.Instead of attacking society, the author tries to fuse himselfinto it as its backbone. One might say that he does not revoltagainst it but toward it. The more it repels him, the more heneeds to be in it. If he does attack it, it is only after he has in-vited it inside himself as his judge, like the fellow in the storywho says: "Throw that bum out," and, being told, "He isn'there," replies, "Well, bring him in and throw him out."The reason for the shift from attacking society to beingwillingly victimized by it is that social change has destroyed theold romantic situation. How can one revolt against one's socialenvironment in America today? The prejudices and snobberiesof those in charge no longer exist as structural attributes of anaccepted order, but rather as sneaky, private vices like those ofthe outsiders. The manners of the pillars of your communitymay fili you with disgust, but for revolt the target of yourstruggle needs to have authority over you. This authority nosection of American society — whether the Philadelphia MainLine, a new Four Hundred, or the worthies of a middle-classsuburb — possesses over any individuai who refuses to accordit of his own free will. Revolt today has no more content thanbuying a bus ticket.Any genuine attack on society today must occur on the levelof abstraction — that is, it must be directed not against individuate and their manners but against the system of power andits mystifications. The drama of social reform is as dead as thedrama òf nature; the struggle against the esthetic or moralqualities of a class is no more meaningful than the struggleagainst the sea or desert. It is for the popular media that suchobsolete literature is destined, regardless of the "seriousness"of the author. The only true wrestle is with the abstraction: thecredo, the slogan, the symbol.Actual or imagined woundsFrom the passive yielding to social snobbery and prejudicecomes our literature of dispossession, with its stylized in-transigence, devoid of radicai fervor and eager for a goodnightkiss. Modeled on the mental case, into which the romantic15rebel degenerates when the target of his rebellion has lost itscontours, the new alienation consists of rancor and peevishnessresulting from wounds inflicted by social discrimination,actual or imagined.New kinds of social climbing appear — and Americanliterature can depend on them to distract it from the rigors ofthought. In the United States, social climbing — which includesclimbing down, as when a Harvard man becomes a fisherman,a farmer, a bum — achieves a profundity and complexity un-matched elsewhere. In a nation founded on the concept thatsalvation is a matter of geographical change, who you arenormally depends on where you are — and there is nothing toprevent one from moving. With individuals constantlyclimbing over and under one another, the question of status isnever settled, and people are likely to try to get past themselvesby a detour. Stili, the striving to get on an invitation list is notthe equivalent of an idea.A Guide to Profundity: or, How to Interpret the TwentiethCentury as a Disaster. Be an equa! of Spengler, Ortega,Mumford.The Nothing, once the secret of adepts, has become aplatitude.The social equivalent of the Nothing of the Existentialists isthe proletarianized mass at the center of ali civilized societies— a cultural proletariat produced by the "decomposition of aliclasses."University metaphysicians suff ering from the current "crisisof philosophy" ought to turn their energies toward a realisticstudy of society, paying particular attention to existing agen-cies of "nothinging" in both their liberal (class-destroying) andtheir nihilistic (mind-destroying) f unctions. Such a turn towardsociology on the part of the "existing thinkers" of thephilosophy departments would at least keep them away fromliterature, which has already suffered enough at the hands oflearned "disciplines" in search of a new subject matter.And now nothingingIs proof needed that the void of the Existentialists and themystics is a historical phenomenon? Today, anyone who looksinto himself is certain to discover the debris of his classheritage in a desert of freedom and aimlessness without limit.Yet Montaigne found something different from the onto-logical zero. "There is no man (if he listen to himself e) thatdoth not discover in himselfe a peculiar forme of his, a swayingforme, which wrestleth against the art and the institution, andagainst the tempests of passions, which are contrary to him."Comparing Montaigne' s moment in history with our moment, Montaigne's wins, because in his time, being"wrestleth," while in our time it "nothings."Too much reflection on the "degradation of modem man"leads the oddest people to put on the air of feudal aristocrats.The penalty of verbalization"The individuai" is an idea like other ideas.When we speak of the ideas that prevail in the given timeand place, we have in mind not the concepts people talk andwrite about but something that has much more resemblance toprevailing winds. Under the influence of the idea, differentactions incline in the same direction. The idea always revealsitself in collective phenomena, although no one can put an ideainto words without making something unique of it. In itswordless state, an idea can carry along individuals who are incomplete disagreement with one another, Later, when approx-imations of the idea are verbalized, the most terrible purgestake place.Regardless of what he thinks, anyone who speaks or acts isan agent of someone or something else. For that very reason, tosubmit consciously to being an agent is to throw one's lifeaway. It is not necessary, and, besides, the conscious agentmerely obeys a formulated thought rather than the prevailingidea. Were he really devoted to the idea, he would haverealized that in attempting to serve it he could only reduce it tosomething personal.An idea that can be adopted is only the distorted reflectionof another idea which is inexpressible. The idea of commu-nism, for example, is such a surface idea; underneath it, aworld solidarity may actually be in the process of f ormulation.But this universal idea will never be thinkable in verbal terms;and before it comes into being, how many communisms willhave to be overthrown!If world solidarity is the destined idea, everyone is an agentof communism, but the Communists are those who throw theirlives away and make Communism personal. The idea ofsolidarity will prevail, but in the meantime ali theories ofsolidarity are superficial and false."In the meantime," however, is History— which means thatour lives are governed by ideas of solidarity that keep mar-shaling their armies for the bloody division of the world as themeans for making it One.Yet what reason is there to accept the notion of a universalidea? More likely, no idea can conquer the world, any morethan the world can conquer an idea. Perhaps after a certaintime, an idea simply fades of its own accord. More likely,though, ali ideas that come into being continue to live on sideby side, as the iguana lives on by the side of the nuclearreactor.16Ignored by Paul Jacobs, a senior, is a comfortable five-sided cushion in the College's north reading room.The transmogrified CollegeTime was when a place to study was not only a desideratumbut — almost — a prized possession, something like a littlerestaurant one has discovered and which one hopes doesn'tbecome too popular, or a horse which offers such good oddsthat you pray that his form continues to go unnoticed, lest theprice worsen.And it wàs a very fluid situation. Time was when onewhispered — and only to a dose friend — that the Billingslibrary was practically empty — or the International Houselounge, or the Swift common room. The reading room inHarper was bursting its seams, and the College library in Cobbwas impossible. And so on.It's different nowadays. Thanks to the massive revampingwhich accompanied the College takeover of Harper, part ofWieboldt and part of Business East, finding a quiet spot forstudy is no longer a major problem. As the pictures on thecover and in the little portfolio which starts on this page indicate, though learning may stili be accompanied by pain,the pain is not of the physical kind.17David Herz is the epitome of concentration as he labors in the College library. At right: Harper reading room.' HArrivai of the Maroon breaks routine in snack area. Comfort promotes study of microbes, other phenomena.18* ¦'/'/BIIÉÉL I i :*. ;^;- "*étKk%f ; Tf irSf• YtrrTTfrr jjfc-r,.,. ^j* T • t TTT TI "f Y Tf i> ¦' •••"..•¦.. IJVit »¦* ««•IJiiTì - tf»«»jHj I«_\ XThe sexual revolution: fact or fantasy?Jarl E. DyrudWe are ali aware that in the past decade ìhere has been something special about the way the popular culture has taken upsex as a preoccupation, or rather as an obsession. I don't meanpornography, either. I mean the new sexual mythology thatviews orgasm as a panacea for ali of life's dreariness.This phenomenon is by no means confined to youth. It per-tains, at least as much, to grown-ups, and to married women inparticular. I think they are the ones who are under maximumpressure to change in this revolution. We have simply beenguilty of displacement in trying to hang it ali on the young. Thekindest word that can be said for the adults who control themedia and exploit youth culture is that they must have beentrying to send the young ahead of us as scouts. The fact is,their revolution was politicai when it happened. Ours is sexual,and it is creating a lot of anxiety.We are daily bombarded in the media with two messages: (1)In the news (written almost exclusively by men, and perhapsread more by men), that sexual license is going on ali aroundus associated with violence and drugs, and that is frightening;(2) On the feature pages (written more often by women forwomen), that sexual fulfilment is an inalienable right, essentialto the well-being of both adult men and women.This current doctrine of sexual fulfilment as salvation, as itDr. Dyrud, a midwesterner, received his M.D. at JohnsHopkins in 1945. He joined thefaculty of the University in1968 as associate professor anddirector of clinical services inthe Department of Psychiatry.In 1971 he was appointedprofessor of psychiatry. He haswritten on a variety of psychi-atric subjects and currently isserving as co-editor with DanielX. Freedman, M.D., chairmanand Louis Block professor inthe Department of Psychiatry,of the fifth volume of theAmerican Handbook of Psychiatry.The article published here isan adaptation of a talk given earlier by Dr. Dyrud. appears in feature pages written for and by women, has itsimpact, not as much on the young as on their parents, par-ticularly their mothers. I would like to sort out some of thefacts, which are optimistic, from the fantasies, which are not.Putting aside for the moment the reporting of the popularpress, we find a consensus among the serious researchers in thebehavioral sciences that there has been no significantstatistical change in sexual behavior for the last thirty years.They ali agree that there has been a revolution in our coiti-municating about sex, but that revolution has been with us fora long time starting with Freud, Ellis, and Krafft-Ebing onthrough Kinsey.I know this news must sound surprising, but when I learnedof it I was inclined to think: "Well of course that's true of ourgeneration. But the adolescents today are certainly having adifferent time of it from what we had when we were young." Inanswer to that, Daniel Offer of the Michael Reese Hospitaland the University of Chicago faculty recently compieteci aneight-year study of normal teen-age sexual behavior andattitudes. I would like to quote him as follows:One of our more striking findings is a negative one. We havefound no evidence that over the past eight years the attitudes ofmiddle class high school students, both boys and girls, towardssexuality have changed appreciably. We further found nodifferences between our Chicago and suburban groups of middleclass adolescents and their peers in a private school in Hobart,Australia. Even if one assumes that the so-called "sexualrevolution" has already taken place in both America andAustralia, and hence that we should not see any difference cross-culturally and across time, we are stili left with the basic data.The data demonstrate a tremendous variability amongadolescents in their attitudes toward sex. About 50% are com-fortable about it and 50% are not.Another study shows that when college students were askedabout their current love affairs, 25% of the females and 35% ofthe males responded that they are more active sexually than theywant to be.This bit of information can be interpreted in many ways.Possibly they feel guilty about their behavior, or they do morethings, because they think the adult world expects it from them.Possible, too, is that each young adult believes that his or herpartner demands more sex than either really wants to give. Butno matter how the data are interpreted, we end up with the youngadult in conflict over his or her sexual behavior.Add to this the fact that today we have better contraception,a tremendous softening of the resistance to abortion, and sig-nificantly more effective treatments available for venereal dis-20ease. From ali this we should be able to conclude that the risksof sexual behavior for teen-agers have, in fact, been reduced.gut there seems to be little comfort in it for any of us.If we agree with the investigators that human sexualbehavior has not changed much in the last thirty years or perhaps the last 3,500 years, do we have a topic?I think so, because something is changing.You see talk is not just talk. Even if sexual behavior has notchanged dramatically, the meanings have. Words are powerfuldeterminants of how we think of ourselves — how we feel aboutourselves. They define success and f ailure. As Ogden Nash, thepoet laureate of Baltimore, put it:Sticks and stones may break my bonesBut words can break my heart.Social anthropologists teli us that our words, woven intocommonly held explanations, maintain the fabric of a community. They make sense of what is going on. They maintainthe status quo. It is apparent that the status quo is changing.The words on the feature pages and in the women' s maga-zines have been remarkably successful in making the reason-ably happy housewife, PTA member and mother wonder if shehasn't been missing something essential. Her sense of satisfac-tion in performing well has been challenged by the uneasyfeeling that she has settled for something short of ecstasy. Perhaps she reads Open Marriage. She cannot accept it for her-self , but she is apt to look at her marriage relationship with anew and criticai eye.It is true that ali of this new morality has been with us a longtime in the writings of Henry Miller and the Paris Reviewcrowd of the '20s and '30s. But that was escape literature. Wegave them artistic license to be observed, but not to be joinedby us in the audience. This appeal for mass participation issomething very new. (The doublé standard of sexual moralityfor instance has not only been challenged; it has been thrownout.)At the same time, I must concede, a similar phenomenon isto be seen among the young. College students now feel thenecessity of concealing their virginity more caref ully than theydid their lack of it a generation ago. Always the leading edge ofchange, college students have been particularly hard hit by thischange in emphasis — coming as it does, unfortunately, at thesame time the self-evident good of performing well in class andpreparing for a career has been called into question by somany of them.Last November [1972] an MIT sociologist, Thomas Cottle(AM'63, PhD'68), reported in the New York Times Magazineon four young people who, each in his or her own way, wereexperiencing the devastating effects of this change in thedefinitions of success and failure. One, a plain, late-maturinggirl, hardly grown up enough for casual dating, felt the neces-sity to go to the student health service to be fitted with a dia-Phragm, just to make sure she was physically capable of doing what the other girls were doing. Not that she planned such anencounter; she couldn't. But she did contemplate pretendingthat she had been raped as a way of feeling more a part of thegroup in her dormitory.She was to me the most poignant one of the four. Hers was aparticular kind of hurt that existed because there had been achange in the rules of living that ruled out the possibility ofseeing herself as okay the way she was.I don't want to leave this subject giving the melancholyimpression that our young people on the whole are doingbadly. Actually, working on a campus with young people thesedays is very encouraging. There is generally more tolerance forindividuai differences in life style than is shown in theexample. Men and women alike seem freer to be persons. Unisex was a passing way of dramatizing this notion. Their in-terests — in ecology, naturai foods, and ali that sort of thing,f addish as they may seem — blend in with an interest in ali ofphysical reality that includes sex. They seek answers to how itcan ali be part of a creative life. They are no worse than wewere. Probably they are more honest, and less cerebral.I doubt if the absolute number of young people engaging insexual activity is any greater than in my college years. The fre-quency is undoubtedly greater, because the opportunities arethere for spendi ng more time together in privacy. It is my impression that promiscuity has lessened; pairing has increased,without any necessary commitment to marriage. The young dosee marriage as less attractive and parenthood as lessattractive.Youth has done iteliWhen we think of this generation, children of permissive,self-doubting parents, we must recognize that they have had tobuild much of their structure for themselves and they havedone well. Parents and school administrators abandoned theirlimit-setting role ali too willingly — as if they had nothing tostand for, no shelter to offer. It is encouraging that out of thismany young people have f orged values for themselves that aremeaningful, and an appreciation of life that I scarcély sensedat that age.I suspect they will have less trouble teaching their childrenthat sexual f unctioning is a part of human reality than some ofus do. We know that children have no problem dealing withrealities as we teach them and show them. Fm confident thisfuror over sex education in the schools will vanish as the wholeproject becomes unnecessary. I hope they will be firmer andclearer as to what the issues are; keeping sex in perspective asloving communication with a very special person.If we think of culture as a system of meanings slowlyevolving as a revelation of human nature, then this shift in oursystem of meanings, thoroughly conf using to the older generation, must be examined to see if it is simply off the track andwill correct itself or if it indeed is a broader view of human-ness, suffering only the growing pains of over-simplification21and exaggeration. I favor the latter interpretation.On that assumption it is well worth our while to reviewbriefly where we have been, and to speculate as to where thiscurrent wave of preoccupation will carry us.Through most of recorded history, in the western world atany rate, sexuality has been defined exclusively in male terms.To quote Dr. Ed Tyler:Until this century, women were defined as having low or nosexual, intellectual or achievement drives. In contrast, thepotency and virility of men was believed to pbsitively correlatewith their bravery, leadership ability, competence as soldiers,influence with the gods, etc. Known or rumored impotence in aking or tribal leader could lead to his being expelled, killed or replaced. Not only were leaders supposed to produce heirs, butcrop failures, poor hunting and fishing harvest, lack of rain,losses in battle, were often attributed to a male leader' s impotence or lack of virility. It was believed that a witch or the devilcould cast a speli of impotence on a man. The witch was believedto use such devices as an invisible ligature at the base of the penisof the afflicted male. With this etiology, the logicai treatmentwas to destroy the hapless woman accused of being the guiltywitch.Certainly if we look back at that histdry, written exclusivelyby men, we must wonder: How could these men have so deniedthe evidence of their senses? At least some of them, more fortunate than others, must have realized the mutuality of enjoy-ment they experienced in bed. Why take the burden of cropfailures and ali of Jhat sort of thing? The only explanationthat seems logicai is that the poor man believed what hismother taught him. As the prime carrier of the culture it ismother who teaches the child — not only his language, but howto think about things.To return to Ed Tyler again:It was believed that a witch could cast a speli of impotenceon a man.Why did a witch figure so prominently in man'smisfortunes? Could it be that behind this celebration of mas-culine potency lay some awareness of the woman' s power togive it and to take it away?I bring that up because it is easy enough nowadays to speakfrom the women' s lib point of view and say that history hasbeen the way it was because of men's stupidity and arrogance.Another way of looking at it is that as long as we neededhunters and soldiers (and frequently lost them) and people ingeneral were relatively few, sex for procreation was a veryimportant consideration and the preservation of the male wasparamount to these objectives. In fact nature tries to protectthe male by seeing to it that more male children are born thanfemale children. We have about broken even on that, becausemale children are more vulnerable, more die in infancy, and,at least in this century, we have found that male children havemore learning difficulties and that male gender identity ismore delicate, more sensitive to disruption in developmentthan is female identity. The Greeks knew about female sexuality (Lysistrata), anriBoccaccio (The Nuns Story) and Chaucer (Troilus QnóCressida) did, as well, but the popular culture took no accountof their views.It seems that this peculiarly narrow view of sexuality musthave been serving a cultural purpose. As long as keeping thetribe or f amily going was so uncertain, child hearing and childrearing were infinitely more important than the pleasures ofadult companionship. Mary Jane Sherfey in her book FetnakSexuality suggests that the denial and suppression of femalesexuality was the absolutely essential element in creatina astable f amily unit out of which our civilization has evolved. Shebases this notion on woman's theoretically infinite capacity fororgasm if she were only aware of it, and the fact that she canbecome pregnant again almost immediately. Too soon toguarantee her helpless infant much of a chance of survival,From this point of view women had to be subdued in orderto strengthen the mother-child bond. In addition, societiessurrounded this relationship with a complex of sacred debtsand obligations so binding that instead of simply guaranteeingthe child a few good years, they now often persist throughoutlife and beyond.Three converging trendsIt is more than coincidence that the sexual revolution,women's liberation, and zero population growth have ali comealong at about the same time. It seems reasonable to concludethat the recreational use of sex fits naturally with these de-velopments as our needs as a society have changed. We haveless need for brute strength; men and women can do many ofthe same tasks. With greater longevity, we have less need forreplacements. With longer lives and shorter working hours wehave more leisure to contemplate our happiness or lack of itWomen in particular are better educated. "Barefoot andpregnant" has lost points, even if not ali of its appeal.We can now begin to understand why, over ali these cen-turies, treatment of sexual dysfunction was neither impressivenor consistent in its success. The men were the ones whosought treatment, ali by themselves — even in this century,during and after Freud.It was particularly disappointing to find that insight therapyseemed more inclined to make an individuai accept the in-evitable, rather than to alter his performance.Recently there have come upon the scene Masters and Johnson and the behavior therapists, with their focus on change inperformance and the results have been very impressive. Particularly Masters and Johnson with their "sensate focus"therapy and their stress on mutuality and communication havebeen outstanding. I shall not detail their treatment pian hereexcept to say that it begins with frankness. Not a long recital ofpast misbehavior, but a candor about what feels goodphysically in the present. With an emphasis on skin contaci22pleasure they teach the couple to build gradually toward or-gasm, stripping away the old rituals that interfered with spon-taneity and pleasure.Interestingly enough, but hardly surprising, is that it is the#omen in the vast majority of cases of this new and successfultreatment who initiate the referrai for couples therapy forsexual dissatisfaction. Obviously one strong advantage here isthat there is a more realistic view of potency as being an in-dication of the quality of the relationship between the twopeople, rather than an isolated male performance issue.The other advantage is that women are coming f orward witha frank interest in improving their sexual lives. This opennessmakes it so much easier to dispel the myths and superstitionssurrounding the sexual act that loving becomes naturai andphysical, without so much emphasis on the cerebral.But teaching the technique works so well that it is very easyto slip into a sort of comic book version of pushbutton sex. OurAmerican passion for technology, well expressed in the devilishcreed, "What can be done must be done," pushes theexponents of this view to the absurd position of sex for thesake of sex alone, as if it had a separate existence. They arguethat beneath any cultural tradition of courtship or lovemakinglies an unalterable biological fact. This biology one can learnto master and control.For ali its appearance of common sense, I believe that this isnot exactly the case. It is true that Masters and Johnsondemonstrated in their first book that masturbation can produce a more perfect and reliable orgasm than intercourse. Yetthey went on to write book two, in which people who caredabout one another learned to express this physically.Sex in contextEven from a biological point of view, the act of love is not.tandardized. It has, to paraphrase Donald R. Howard,vriting in the Massachusetts Review, uncontrollable and un-jredictable results, in the sense that every sexual act, if it doeslutiate a reproductive process, produces a unique birth. Fromi psychological point of view it is even truer that sexuality isery variable. The sexual act can be an act of hostility; it can>e a trivial and repetitive function performed after onettushes one's teeth and sets the alarm clock; it can be an act ofasual and temporary affection or of momentary passion; itan be an expression of long-standing devotion; or it can beftexpressible ecstasy.Ali these happen from time to time with the same partner,e points out. Sexual expression takes its character from theharacters of the partners, from their moods and their culture,s well as from their knowledge of their sensations.Thus "the spectrum of sexuality is the spectrum of human^perience itself," he concludes. We can make it work better,ut the implications will stili determine how we experience it.hat is where communication comes in. Each partner must be free to outgrow the inhibitions of the mother-child bond.The paradox of our human situation is that the circum-stances that produce our strong affiliative tendencies andlonging for contact, pleasure and comfort are the same cir-cumstances that make us hesitant to express them sexually.We are always trying to bring the two together. This wasexpressed by Elizabeth Barrett Browning in one of her sonnetswhich said:. . . Cali me by my pet-name! Let me hearThe name I used to run at, when a child,From innocent play . . .To glance up in some face that proved me dearWith the look of its eyes . . .. . . So let thy mouthBe heir to those who are now exanimateAnd catch the early love up in the late.It is very likely that one reason we have developed the stereo-types of the aggressive male and the submissive female, evenwhen they don't fit well at ali, is to use a fusion of aggressionwith the sexual drive to plunge through layers of childhood in-hibition in both partners. Thus the "ruthless" pursuit oforgasm can be really counter-phobic behavior in relation tointimacy.In summary I would say that we are onto something good.There is now the opportunity for us to advance to a fullerdefinition of humanness.For instance, the idea of romance has been around for along time but until recently the idea was both idealistic andtragic. Adult to adult romance never worked out in real life.Romeo and Juliet were only fourteen. In fact I don't recali asingle romantic story about a woman who had borne children.Kristin Lavrandsdatter was a tragedy.Now we are showing an interest in the romance of fulfilment.Pregnancy need never be anything but a planned joyfulevent. Men and women can have more interests in commonthan a house and children.It is true that the current "doctrinè" of sex as salvation isskewing our normal gregariousness badly and making it onehuge effort. In this affluent, consumption oriented society weare so often guilty of conf using quantity with quality, we gulpwithout savoring; we copulate without communion. Thisfrenzy will pass. We have been blaming the family for ali theills of society, and now we burden sex with the responsibility tocure it ali.When we become comfortable enough about sex so that itis — just there — coloring our gregariousness more at sometimes than at others, becoming a part of the overt communication with some people at some times, and only part of the tex-ture of relatedness at other times, then we can love and workwithout attempting to wrench sexual behavior from its contextof communication with a very special pei*son.23Hudson dourt: IQand of enchantmentThe following bit of nostalgia was inspired, according to Mrs.Gezon (AB'38, AM'40) by the letter to alumni written byEmmett Dedmon (AB'39) on the subject of the Alumni Directory. Mr. Dedmon, vice- president and editorial director of theChicago Sun-Times and a trustee of the University, asked, inhis letter, "Ever wonder what happened to old Homer fromWestern Civ? Or Lucilie, who took ten laps around the StaggField track every morning? Or that tali, skinny fellow who keptdropping test tubes? ..."Elizabeth Brownlee GezonI have almost as many years, now, as Jack Heinz has varietiesof pickles and beans, but say to me, "Judson Court," and I aminstantly transported back to a Saturday afternoon when theair was golden and the world was teeming with boys! No onewho has not been a girl in girls' schools for fourteen years canappreciate the throbbing promise in that.KIMUE ISJ2Z2 Not the boys you used to play baseball with, not the heavyhooved, sweaty palmed ones at dancing school, or even the onwho kissed you moistly in a rumble seat, but a whole gfwbuilding full of the real article: adult, sort of, suave-debonaire, desirable.1 was nineteen, timid and aggressive by unexpected tur •sentimental — in short, a skittish, not too atypical girl. "Unlversity woman" was the euphemism for this swirl of imp"lseS'Back in that dim past there was such a thing as a tea dan<^after the football game — remember football at the University-— gone [though now back, as readers of this Magazine knolike the Wyvern and the beer at Hanley's.I, as a newly transferred student residing in Foster, had beechosen to pour. There must have been dozens of other youngfemales there, but I can't remember a one. It was my day. I Pon my best suit and my new hat; it was the softest brown fewith a high peaked crown, and very becoming. How 'children would snort at the idea; imagine anyone wearinghat, anyway. I summoned up my courage to cross the Mid*' 'and enter the building, looming up in its gothic grandeur likemedieval monastery. ,To my excited eyes the lounge was as beautiful a setting *jshad ever seen. The sun streamed into the room through leaglass panes, reflecting the dark, polished wood of the fl°°and the heavy, masculine furniture. I can stili see tyellow chrysanthemums on the table, and the silver tea servii 'The whole scene reminded me of ali the English countryhouses I had seen in a long career of movie going. .I poured tea for a while — that's one thing you learn to24gracefully in girls' schools — and chatted with the tea drinkers.The head of the dorm carne by for his cup. He was a charm-ing professor of English (Fred Millett?) who earned my ever-iasting gratitude by discussing with me the beautiful naturaisetting of the city of Pittsburgh. This was long years before mynative city's renaissance, and carne as a wholly new way oflooking at it. The then current snappy saying was, "Edie comesclean from Pittsburgh."I danced with a series of young men, ali of whom put themselves out to be entertaining, and I felt that the real world wasgoing to be as wonderful as I had hoped.Mother ivarned hipMy mother had warned me that medicai students, fromhaving to see so much of the seamy side of life, were after justone thing, so imagine my rapture when I was invited to stay todinner by a group of them. Mother was wrong, of course, butthen in her day there had not been any Billings boys, onlyRush. These lads were virtuous to a fault.This was the first time I had ever been in a dining room withso many delectable young men, and I can't remember themenu. There were probably other girls there too, but my recol-lection is that I had a platoon or so of young males to myself,and if pressed, I could describe three or four in detail.After dinner there was a sort of huddle, and one of them waschosen (volunteered?) to take me to a movie. I wasn't up to his Ivy League sophistication and could have told them so inadvance, but I did the best I could, and we had a pleasantevening, the culmination of a unique and exciting day. Withina week I had heard from one or two of the more solid Mid-western types, much more to my liking and comprehension, asthey are today.I suppose that now those grand boys are paunchy, tri-focaled, weary, and successful (check two), ali those sad thingsthat happen to people if they live long enough. But for me theyare crystalized as they were that day, muscular, zesty, deli-ciously dangerous young men.In the next couple of years I carne to know a few of theJudson denizens a little better, and to see the building as itwas, a solid structure, somewhat worn by use. The members ofthat originai group sorted themselves out as individuals, forbetter or for worse, but definitely not in sickness and in health.A few years later stili, I married an ex-Judson medie, of a latervintage and consequently appreciated for himself, not as anecho from the impossibly dreamy past.Even now, when the cereal I buy my "family" has on the boxa picture, not of the adorable Gerber baby, but of a sleekcalicò cat and her kittens, say "Judson Court" and 1*11 startlike an arthritic Dalmatian at the sound of a fire siren, readyto grab my new brown hat and hop into my time machine for areturn to that glorious first day of the world, sunny with thepromise of first love, in the most seductively innocent,enchanting spot anywhere.25elimini V^ewsClass notesfY% hedwig l. loeb, phB'02, Chicago, cele-\)£ brated her 90th birthday last July with alarge number of relatives and friends. Mrs.Loeb has distinguished herself over the yearsby her tireless eff orts in behalf of such organi-zations as the League of Women Voters, theCommittee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, American Civil Liberties Union and United WorldFederalists. She has put in many hours raisingfunds for both UC and Roosevelt University.a^j in memori am: Bruce MacLeish, ab '03,v/*5 former chairman of the executive boardof Carson Pirie Scott & Co. and a Chicagocivic leader, died October 7. In 1960, his latewife established the Bruce MacLeish fellow-ship fund in the humanities at the Universityin his honor.(Yj edward w. aixen, x'07, Seattle attor- *v/ / ney who has been called the elder states-man of international fìsheries, retired at theend of 1973. Mr. Alien, who has spent manyof his 90 years negotiating for the Americanfìsherman and contributing to the framing ofinternational fìshing convention, served on international bodies by appointment of Presi-dents Hoover and Roosevelt, and in 1954 wasnamed by President Eisenhower as one of theoriginai members of the International NorthPacific Fisheries Commission (representingCanada, Japan and the U.S.), the post fromwhich he has just retired. He has been a severecritic of reckless fìshing practices over theyears, and in the thirties wrote a book, NorthPacific, which so vigorously criticized the lackof fish conservation by Japan that it wasbanned in Tokyo.r\r\ fred b. snite, x'09, was honored by Fuv/ v Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan, this fall,when Cardinal Yu Pin, president of theschool, presented him with a gold medal — theDecoratio Meriti Singularis — in recognitionof his many years of support and contributionto the University. Mr. Snite, founder andchairman of the Locai Loan Company, Chicago, makes his home in Winnetka and MiamiBeach.in memoriam: Sidney A. Teller, x'09,sociologist, lecturer, died October 1 in Chicago. Although his philanthropies were numer-ous, Mr. Teller is perhaps best known for thelarge and valuable brass and copper collec-tion, on permanent display at Illinois Instituteof Technology, which he and his late wifegathered during their more than fìfty years ofworld traveling. At the University, he established the Sidney and Julia Teller lectureship in the School of Social Service Administra-tion.niM memoriam: Emory S. Bogardus,phD'll, died in August of 1973 after abrief illness.-j *j in memoriam: Cari D. Kelly, x'12, co-J-^ founder of the LaSalle Steel Co., Ham-mond, Ind., died last fall.a ^ in memoriam: Olive Paine, pIib'13,A <3 teacher , ' ' an inspir ation to liter allythousands of children and young adults,"died October 15 in La Mesa, Calif.William A. Schneider, sb'13, and his wife,Dorothy Marlow Schneider, who hadattended classes on the Midway, were killed inan auto accident October 14. Mr. Schneider,board chairman of the Kankakee (111.)Savings & Loan Association, was recipient ofan alumni cit ation for public service in 1956.Club eventsdallas, January 24: Bruno Bettelheim, theStella M. Rowley distinguished service professor in the Departments of Education, Psy-chology and Psychiatry and director of theOrthogenic School, will speak.Houston, February 14: Martin E. Marty,professor and associate dean of the DivinitySchool, will speak.los Angeles, January 15: Albert Crewe,dean of the Division of Physical Sciences,speaks. January 20: Seminar on the Collegewith Dean Charles Oxnard, Dean of Undergraduate Students, Lorna Straus and threefaculty members, John Cawelti, RobertClayton, and Lloyd Rudolph.new york, March 28: Speaker will be JohnColeman (am'49, pIid'50), president ofHaverford College.san Francisco, January 19: Seminar on theCollege, same participants as those listed forLos Angeles meeting above.Washington, d. e, March 21 (tentativedate): Theater party at Arena Stage. Min memoriam: Stefan Osusky, pIib'14,jd'15, Czechoslavak ambassador toFrance for twenty years prior to World WarII, died September 27 in Washington.¦4 *j edwin r. hunter, am'17, pIid'25,A / member of the English faculty at Maryville (Tenn.) College, has published a newbook, William Faulkner, Narrative Practiceand Prose Style (Washington, D.C.: Wind-hover Press, 1973). Not primarily an interpfetive work, the book is rather an examinationof the novelist's devices for getting his storiestold and of some of his more prevalent stylis-tic mannerisms.in memoriam: Robert L. Willett, Sr.,prm'20, former UC faculty member, retiredpartner of Willett, Clark & Company, publisher of Chicago, August 4, Toledo, O.a o helen l. koch, pIib'18, pIid'21, profes-A O sor emeritus of child psychology at theUniversity, was désignated in September toreceive the highest honor given by DeltaKappa Gamma, professional honorary societyof women educatofs, of which she is one of thefounders— the 1973 international achieve-ment award. Ms. Koch joined the UC facultyin 1929 and began what was to become a longand distinguished career in child psychologynot only as a teacher, but also as researcher,author, consultant, and advocate for thecauses in which she believed. At Chicago, inaddition to a full teaching load, she directedthe University nursery school and proceededto develop programs for teachers assigned togovernment-sponsored nurseries, caring forthe children of working mothers. Ms. Koch isalso known for her intensive research ontwins, an effort of many years which culmi-nated in the publication of Twins and TwinRelations in 1966 with a second printing in1967. She received the University's alumnicit ation for public service in 1950.in memoriam: Arthur Lawton Beeley,am'18, phD'25.4 a in memoriam: Karl T. Steik,A ^7 prm'19, Silver Spring, Md., diedAugust 21, 1973.C. Corbin Yancey, sb'19, md'21, Sioux City(la.) physician, died November 7. Dr.Yancey' s survivors include his wife, EstherMcClanàhan Corbin, also sb'19.*\r\ in memoriam: Leo C. Graybill,^v/ jd'20, lawyer, banker, civic leader, poli-tician, died September 27 in Great Fails,Mont. Winner of an alumni citation for public service in 1955, Mr. Graybill served forseven consecutive terms in the Montana legislature and was twice elected speaker of thehouse.26Julian Jackson Jackson is new headof AssociationPresident of the Alumni Association for the next two years — takingover from John S. Coulson (AB'36), research vice-president of LeoBurnett Co. — is Julian J. Jackson (PhB'31), owner of the Julian J.Jackson Agency in Chicago. Also elected at the Alumni Cabinetmeeting last fall, were three vice-presidents: Charles W. Boand(LLB'33, MBA'57), of the Chicago law firm of Wilson and Mcllvaine;An-Shih Cheng (AB'54), director of the advertising review office ofthe American Dentai Association; and Robert E. Samuels (AB'35),president of the Yellow Cab Co. mJohn Coulsonf\ 4 in memoriam: James ChancellorLY Dougall, x'21; F. Taylor Gurney, sb'21,p1id'35; Elbert Ervin Munger, Jr., sb'21,md'24.f\f\ CHARLES J. MERRIAM, SB'22, Id'25,"£ partner in the Chicago law firm ofMerriam, Marshall, Shapiro and Klose, hasbeen elected vice-president of the Universityof Illinois foundation.in memoriam: John Meade, x'22; MiriamStadelmann Pleak, p1ib'22.'J'J FRANCES ANDREWS MULLEN, PhB'23,Lo am'27, phD'39, Chicago, took office onAugust 30 as president-elect and programchairman of the International Council of Psy-chologists and will serve in those capacitiesfor two years before succeeding to hertwo-year term as president. Ms. Mullen hasrelinquished her six-year editorship of theInternational Psychologist.in memoriam: Mary G. Decker, sm'23;Chester F. Lay, am'23, p1id'31.'S C ANTOINETTE FORRESTER DOWNING,^"^ phB'25, has been elected a trustee of theNational Trust for Historic Preservation, theonly private organization which is charteredby Congress to encourage the public to preserve sites, buildings and objects significant inAmerican history and culture. Ms. Downing,*ho spearheaded the preservation of the College Hill section of Providence (R. I.), is chair-man of the Rhode Island State HistoricalPreservation Commission and the ProvidenceHistoric District Commission. in memoriam: Irving G. Moore, p1ib'25,Flossmoor, IH., died November 4.*\r in memoriam: Herman W. Smith,^O sm'26, Birmingham, Ala., September10; Peter H. Van Zante, sb'26, md'31, Pella,la., in July of last year.*yi~r masaii marumoto, phB'27, associate¦^ / justice of the Hawaii supreme court,created a strong family precedent when hedecided to study law back at Harvard manyyears ago. His son, wendell marumoto,ab'55, jd'58, is a partner in the Honolulu lawfirm of Padgett, Greeley, Marumoto, andSteiner, and his daughter, Claire, justgraduated from the University of Wisconsinlaw school, was sworn in as a practicingattorney this fall.in memoriam: Venona Swartz Swaney,phB'27, September 10.^O MARYHUNTERWOLF.X'28, Whose•fc>0 interest in off-campus theater in Chicago interfered with the completion of hermaster's degree in anthropology (she got thedegree years later, but from Columbia), con-tinues to be absorbed in theatrical activities,currently as director of educational projects atthe American Shakespeare Theatre,Stratford. Ms. Wolf, who lives in New Haven(Conn.), has built up quite a list of credits overthe years, in directing as well as acting. It waswhile she was in Chicago that she got herlucky break. Goodman Ace asked her to audi-tion for "Easy Aces." No one else turned upthat day, and she stayed with the show forsome thirteen years. In New York she got involved with the American Actors Company,a group existing from the Depression untilWorld War II and including in its member-ship such names of the future as TennesseeWilliams and Agnes de Mille. She helpeddevelop a show called "American Legend," areview based on American folklore which sheorganized and then went on tour with. In ad-dition to directing a number of shows in thelegitimate theater, she has worked intelevision with such productions as "PeterPan" (the special with Mary Martin), of whichshe was associate director.in memoriam: Mary Vrooman Gordon,sb'28, and Francis B. Gordon, p1id'36, md'37,of Ashton, Md., were killed October 21 whenthe freighter on which they were passengerscaught fire and capsized 800 miles off theEast Coast. The couple were en route toLondon. A microbiologist, Dr. Gordon was onthe UC faculty from 1939 until 1948. Mrs.Gordon worked with her husband for severalyears after their marriage in 1930. Recentlyshe was quite active in church and hospitalvolunteer work. The Gordons are survived byfour children and six grandchildren.Ben A. Sylla, phB'28, am'33, a formersuperintendent of elementary schools in Chicago Heights, IH., died last June.29 iames c. gray, p1id'29, was grantedemeritus status by the board of trustees,State University of New York, upon his retire-ment last June from the faculty of the collegeat New Paltz. Mr. Gray, an authority on theembryo of the chick, joined the New Paltzfaculty in 1960 and became the first chairmanof the biology department when it was created27as a separate unit in 1966.MELANIE LOWENTHAL PFLAUM, PllB'29,writes that her ninth novel, Lili, will bepublished in the fall of 1974 by Pegasus Press,Ltd. (New Zealand). The story of a Germanspy, the novel is drawn from Ms. Pflaum'swartime experiences on the Board of Economie Warfare and the Office of Censorship, aswell as her travels in Germany and CentralEurope.in memoriam: David L. Appelbaum,jd'29, Evanston (111.) attorney.<*%r\ leo rosten, p1ib'30, phD'37, has*5vJ been awarded a doctorate of humaneletters by the University of Rochester. He tellsus that his next book, DearHerm, to be published in March, "is a cousin to TheEduca-tionofH*Y*M*A*N K*A*P*L*A*N. "in memoriam: Howard Dorius Hanson,jd'30; Albie F. Mrazek, phB'30, am'38.<J4 JULIAN J. JACKSON, PllB'31, public*? A rei ations /advertising executive in Chicago, new president of the AlumniAssociation, has been honored twice in recentmonths. First, he was presented the distinguished service award of the Publicity Club q>fChicago for his contributions to the profes-sion in 1972-73. A founder and past president of the club, Jackson served as chairmanof its awards committee during that year andis currently heading a special educationalseminar. The second award, from the American Dentai Association, was given to Jacksonand his wife, eleanor stack Jackson, x'47,account executive on the American Society ofDentistry for Children, in connection withtheir work in preparing Guildlines, a manualon preventive dentistry for children.in memoriam: G. D. Humphrey, am'31,September 10 in Laramie, Wyo.32 in memoriam: Elisabeth Parker Mills,phB'32, am'34; Jean E. Taggart, pIib'32.sy*0} REUBENB. GAINES, MD'33, Urologist,3 3 member of the medicai staff of DelnorHospital (St. Charles, 111.), has been desig- nated an affiliate of the Royal College of Medicine in London.Bernard sarnat, sb'33, md'37, has beeninstalled as new chairman of the Los Angelesalumni organization.in memoriam: Margaret Rickert, am'33,pIid'38, associate professor emeritus of art atthe University, died October 15 in Grinnell,la.*yA walter g. williams, pho'34, professor^* of Old Testament and a thirty-year faculty member at the Iliff School of Theology(Denver), has retired and was namedprofessor emeritus. Topmost on his agenda isreturning to Soochow University (Taipei,Taiwan), where he taught during his 1 972-' 73sabbatical leave from Iliff, to resumé teachingcourses in philosophy, Bible and English.clayton g. loosli, p1id'34, md'37, wasnamed distinguished alumnus of the year bythe Los Angeles alumni at their November 2meeting, sarà gwin ramsey, ab'35,presented the award.in memoriam: Stanley Jenkins, p1ib'34,jd'36."3 e RHEA rubisoff hilkevitch, sb'35,àO am'43 , p1id'51 , is now chief psychologistat the Children's Clinic, Pittsfìeld, Mass.in memoriam: Floy E. Dentler, p1ib'35,Rockford, 111., died in October.sìr ALBERTA SCHMIDT STEBBINS, SB'36, has*50 contributed a biographical resumé forthe benefit of former classmates and friends.After graduation, she worked as a researchlibrarian for Armour & Company ChemicalResearch Laboratory, Chicago, until hermarriage and arrivai of her first son in 1941.In the fifties, the family moved to Hayward,Calif., where she taught junior high science.Tragedy struck in 1964 when Ms. Stebbinswas assaulted by an unknown prowler in herhome. She has since undergone seven majorsurgeries, and has had to relearn completelyhow to read and write and take care of herself.In addition to her vigorous rehabilitationactivities, Ms. Stebbins currently attendsChair offer suspendedThe arrangement through which the Chicago chairs hearing the University^ crest have been of fered to alumni through the Magazine, h beingsuspended for an indefinite period because of restrictions on theproduction and sale of the chairs which in the opinion of the AlumniAssociation make continuation of the offer unduly burdensome to pur-chasers. The restrictions are caused by problems of supply and deliveryat S. Bent & Brothers. If in the future it again becomes possible to offerthe chairs on a suitable basis, the Magazine will so advise its readers. adult education classes in South Haven,Mich., where she has an apartment (both sonsare grown and gone), is active in the AmericanAssociation of University Women, and hasvery recently been approved as a substituteteacher of biology in the South Haven schools.earl j. mcgrath, p1id'36, executiveassociate of Lilly Endowment, Indianapolis,has been elected to a six-year term on theboard of the College of Insurance, New York.ROBERT L. OSHINS, Ab'36, and HENRYreese, x'37, have conspired with a retiredmusic professor to produce an updatedversion of the "Mikado," based on the trialsand tribulations of the Nixon administration.The satire, which opened in September onboard the Queen Mary (off Long Beach,Calif.), was billed as "The IncommunicadoMikado,,, subtitled "Let the Punishment Fitthe List, an incredible fable in two acts fromthe originai operetta by Gilbert & Sullivan asadapted by Robert L. Oshins and HenryReese with a liberal assist from theCommittee to Reelect the President."Until their present collaboration began,Reese and Oshins, a retired Civil Servicediplomat, had never met, although both gottheir satiric start with Blackfriars.john g. roberts, sb'36, writing from theForeign Correspondents Club in Tokyo, tellsus he continues as a free-lance writer andjournalist, contributing regularly to the FarEastern Economie Review and BurroughsClearing House, as well as sporadically tovarious other Japanese and English publica-tions. Roberts, who settled in Japan in 1959,tells us his most recent books are: Black ShipsandRisingSun (Julian Messner, 1971); TheIndustrialization of Japan (Franklin Watts,1972); and Mitsui: Three Centuries ofJapanese Business (John Weatherhill, 1973).Jerome sachs, sb'36, sm'37, p1id'40, president of Northeastern Illinois University since1966, offìcially retired from the post August31. Sachs joined the school, then calledChicago Teachers College North, in 1961 asdean of academic studies. Since then, he hasseen the institution through several namechanges and greatly influenced its growthfrom a city teachers college to a full-fledgeduniversity. He has taught several TV courses,including the first experimental mathematicstelecast for WTTW, Chicago' s educationaltelevision station, and an in-service trainingcourse for teachers on WGN-TV, Channel 9,in Chicago.in memoriam: Francis B. Gordon, pIid'36,md'37 (see Class of'28).^ *] OLIVE WALKER SWINNEY, AM'37,3 ' reports that following their retirementin 1971 from HEW, she and her husband,daniel d. swinney, p1ib'30, am'38, under-took an assignment from the Christian medicai commission of the World Council ofChurches to observe and report on church-related medicai and health programs in sixty28developing countries . The tour, whichincluded visits to nations in Àfrica, Asia, theSouth Pacific and South America, lastedtwenty-six months. The Swinneys returned totheir home in Aprii of last year.*cì john m. eggemeyer ii, ab'38, anuO employee of the Wayne Corporation,Richmond, Ind., since 1949, has been movedby the firm from his former post of sales manager to a new corporate position — adminis-trative assistant to the vice-president ofmarketing. Eggemeyer, who underwentserious surgery last June, "is now in goodhealth," reports his wife. She also informs usthat one of their sons, john m. eggemeyerhi, mba'71, has moved to Atlanta to assumethe southeastern regional directorship of theFirst National Bank of Chicago.CATHERINE M. BRODERICK, Ab'38, Am'42,has been named by the Geneva (111.) board ofeducation to the new post of director of in-struction and curriculum. Ms. Broderick, inaccepting the appointment, leaves the officeof Girls Scouts of the U.S. A., where she hasworked in several capacities, most recently asassistant national executive director for educational service.george reedy, ab'38, former press secre-tary and special assistant to President LyndonB. Johnson, is currently dean of the college ofjournalism at Marquette University inMilwaukee. Reedy has authored three booksonpolitics: WhoWillDoOurFightingforUs?, The Twilight ofthe Presidency, and hislatest, The Presidency inFlux.in memoriam: Harvey Frank Johnson,am'38; Ann Kaufman, am'38.*jq morrison handsaker, phD'39, profes-J^ sor of economics and business atLafayette College, has been named to an en-dowed chair at the school. A specialist inlabor-management relations, Mr. Handsakerhas served as an arbitrator in some fivehundred cases in private industry as well as inseveral recent disputes involving governmentemployees.marion elisberg Simon, ab'39, has beenappointed special assistant to the president ofMichael Reese Medicai Center (Chicago),responsible for patient interest. The former"Miss University of Chicago" (1939) has beenan active fund raiser for the hospital for manyyears.Af\ leo srole, p1id'40, has been appointed¦ V consultant to the Belgian minister ofhealth and member ofthe advisory board ofthe Institute for European Health ServicesResearch. He tells us that in March of lastyear he spoke before the Israel Psychiatric Association (Tel Aviv) and the social psychologydepartment ofthe University of Louvain onthe subject, "Public Policy Implications ofSocial Research." ,VIRGINIA CLARK DAVRAN, AB'40, AM'41, who has been belly dancing since she was 12,is currently teaching her trade of navel navi-gation at YWCAs in Chicago and Aurora,and for various Chicago suburban area parkdistricts.A*\ JEANETTE SHAMES FIELDS, AB '42, Origi-*** nator ofthe first organized architectur-al tours of Chicago, has been named executivedirector ofthe Chicago School of ArchitectureFoundation, a non-profit, educational bodywhich sponsors thirteen different architectur-al tours of Chicagoland, by foot, bike and bus,as well as exhibitions, lectures and programsabout Chicago's buildings. Ms. Fields, aformer public relations executive, editor ofthe Hyde Park Herald, and one ofthe found-ers ofthe South Shore Commission, won analumni citation for public service from theUniversity in 1966. She and her husband, whohave three grown daughters, live in a FrankLloyd Wright house in River Forest.in memoriam: Mary E. Schutz, ab'42,bls'48, died in September in Poughkeepsie,N.Y., after a brief illness.A /} MARIE B ORROFF , PllB '43 , AM'46 ,**J William Lampson professor of Englishat Yale, is spending several days at each ofseven colleges and universities this year as aPhi Beta Kappa visiting scholar for 1973-'74.The visiting scholar program was begun in1956 to enable students to meet and talk withestablished scholars in diverse disciplines. Apoet and literary scholar, Ms. Borroff is editorofthe Twentieth Century Views volume ofcriticism of Wallace Stevens, and author ofSir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Stylisticand Metrical Study.in memoriam: Ellen Erbe Bergman, sm'43,vocational nursing instructor in the SanFrancisco public school system, died inSeptember.A A GERTRUDE BLACK APPLEBAUM, SB'44,¦ ¦ who has been directing food services forthe Corpus Christi (Tex.) independent schooldistrict since 1946, was recipient ofthe 1973Silver Piate award as the nation's most out-standing food service operator for elementaryand secondary schools. The award is givenannually by the International FoodserviceManufacturers Association to eight operatorsin the nation, each in a different type of foodservice program. Ms. Applebaum manageseight self-contained cafeterias, as well asthe centrai manufacturing kitchen.A r G. ROBERT keepin, p1ib'45, of the Los**} Alamos Scientific Laboratory, won the1973 American Nuclear Society's specialaward for nuclear materials safeguards Technology "for his early recognition ofthe needfor non-destructive assay of fìssile materials,his demonstration of a practical method foraccomplishing this goal . . . and his leadershipin implementing these techniques and gaining wide acceptance for their use."Ar GERTRUDE buss couch, am'46, has* O been promoted to professor of healtheducation in the health and physical education division, Wayne State University(Detroit).The Reverend curtis crawford, p1ib'46,db'51, has been elected minister oftheThomas Jefferson Unitarian Church inCharlottesville, Va.dorothy harbin, ab'46, is now librarianand assistant professor of library science atGainesville (Ga.) Junior College.Fellow Teachers, a new book by philiprieff, ab'46, am'47, phD'54, professor of so-ciology at the University of Pennsylvania, wasreleased by Harper & Row November 7($6.95). Previous works by Rieff includeFreud: The Mind ofthe Moralist and itssequel, The Triumph ofthe Therapeutic:Uses ofFaiih after Freud. A founding editorof Daedalus, journal ofthe AmericanAcademy of Arts and Sciences, he is also theeditor ofthe ten-volume set, The CollectedPapers of Sigmund Freud.in memoriam: Beverley Ruffin, phD'46,Richmond, Va., died October 9.A*l ROZELLA M. SCHLOTFELDT, SM'47,• ' phD'56, has received two recent honors:a citation of honor from the Lambda (WayneState campus) chapter of Sigma Theta Tau,the national honorary society of nursing; andthe distinguished service award from the University of Iowa. Ms. Schlotfeldt, associate professor of nursing at University Hospitals,Cleveland, was elected to the institute of medicine ofthe National Academy of Sciences in1972.BARBARA BROWN FRANKEL, pfiB'47, joinedthe faculty of Lehigh University (Bethlehem,Pa.) in the fall as instructor of social relations.Ms. Frankel is currently completing work forher doctorate in anthropology at Princeton.PHYLLIS STEISS WETHERILL, PllB'47, AM'50,has become president of the California Association of Marriage and Family Counselors.Ms. Wetherill, who lives in West Los Angeles,is also the founder and editor ofthe onlycookie cutter collectors' newsletter in theUnited States.ac\ William e. forbis, p1ib'48, Cincinnati,^O has been elected to the position of vice-president sales, Procter & Gamble Company.RUTH LUNDEEN SAXE, PllB'48, AM'52, ÌSnow director of field operations for CommonCause, national citizens' lobby, inWashington.^Q EDWARD ABOOD, AB'49, AM'55, PllD'62,*J informs us ofthe publication of hisbook, Underground Man (San Francisco:Chandler and Sharp, 1973. $3.50), in whichhe attempts to develop a definition ofthe underground man as portrayed in the fiction of29eight great writers: Dostoevsky (Notes fromUnderground)', Kafka (The Castle); Hesse(Steppenwolj); Sartre (Being and Nothingnessand Nausea); Camus (TheMyth ofSisyphus,TheRebel The Fall); Genet (Our Lady oftheFlowers); Malraux (Man $ Fate); and Koestler(Barkmess atNoon). Mr. Abood teaches English at California State University, LosAngeles.ELEANOR BERNERT SHELDON, PllD'49, hasbeen named a director of First National CityCorporation and of its principal subsidiary,First National City Bank (New York). Ms.Sheldon, president ofthe Social Science Research Council in New York, also sits on theboards ofthe Equitable Life AssuranceSociety ofthe U.S., the Rand Corporationand the UN Research Institute of Social Be-velopment. Author of many books in the fieldof sociology, she once served as associate director of UC's Chicago Community Inventory.g*/\ ralph d.fertig, ab '50, former<3\i executive director ofthe MetropolitanWashington Planning and Housing Association, has moved to Los Angeles to become executive director ofthe Greater Los AngelesCommunity Action Agency.nathan goldman, phx/50, Chicago, hasbeen made a professor emeritus of sociologyat Illinois Institute of Technology.George a. harris, ab '50, has been movedup by TRW Inc. (Cleveland) to vice-president,materiel.melvin j. mirkin, ab'50, has become special assistant to the president of Frostburg(Md.) State College. A lawyer, Mirkin was assistant city attorney for the city of Phoenixduring the years 1955-'67. From 1967-71 heworked for the Peace Corps, first in Taegu,Korea, then in Washington, and finally inKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.|= -g MARY SMINESVIK OWENS , AM'51 , re-^5 JL ports that she and her husband movedin August from Kindred, N. D., to Deming,N.M., for reasons of Mr. Owens' health.fsj daniel mann, ab '52, has taken officeDX as executive director ofthe Jewish Community Council of Greater Washington, theumbrella agency of most Jewish groups in theWashington area. Mann, who lives inBethesda, was national coordinator oftheAmerican Zionist Federation for the pastthree years.F<J WILLIAM r. cable, pho'53, has left the<DÙ Arizona State University faculty to ac-cept an appointment as dean ofthe school ofurban life and professor of politicai science atGeorgia State University, Atlanta.Mmary ellen popkin bass, ab'54, jd'57,head ofthe family court division ofthelaw department, city of New York, has beennamed to the new position of vice chancellor for legai affairs and general counsel for theCity University of New York. Ms. Bass, whowas selected for the post from a slate of somefifty candidates, is the first woman ever tohold a vice chancellorship in public educationin the state of New York.in memoriam: Jerome Hammerman,am'54, assistant professor in the School ofSocial Service Administration, died Oct. 9./r^r shirley neilson blum, am'55, is<20 teaching at Colgate University(Hamilton, N. Y.) this year as visiting Danaprofessor of fine arts. She is on leave from herfaculty position at the University ofCalifornia, Riverside.CHARLES T. HORNGREN, Pho'55, WaS OUe oftwo persons to be given an outstanding educa-tor award for 1973 by the American Account-ing Association. Member ofthe Stanford faculty since 1965, Horngren was named lastyear as first holder ofthe business school'snew Edmund W. Littlefield professorship ofaccounting.S^r GEORGE E. smith, sm'56, pho'59, hasOlì Won a medal from the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, for his co-invention of acharge-coupled device structure, a newtechnological tool usable in electronicmemory systems and television. Smith, headof the unipolar design department of BellLaboratories, Murray Hill, N. J., alreadyholds fourteen patents with ten morepending,r?j doris Collins davis, x'57, former city^ / clerk, has been elected mayor ofCompton City, Calif., in an upset victory overthe incumbent mayor ofthe town. She be-comes the second black woman mayor in theU.S.£f Q KEITH R. JOHNSON, AB'58, AM'64,<3© joined the faculty of Illinois Institute ofTechnology this fall as assistant professor ofsociology.fa vyda petzold, sb'59, has beenDy granted privileges in medicine by thestaff of Southampton (N. Y.) Hospital. Ms.Petzold, who graduated from medicai schoolin Heidelberg, Germany, has served asclinical instructor of medicine at CornellUniversity since 1971.in memoriam: James E. Crimi, pho'59,president of Aurora (111.) College, September27 in Chicago./r/r\ m. Alan brown, pho'60, has leftO^i Blackburn College, Carlinville, 111., toassume the post of academic dean at Missouri Valley College, Marshall, Mo.maria rodriguez cerda, am'60, memberofthe Chicago board of education, has beentapped by Rafael H. Colon, governor ofPuerto Rico, as vice-chairman ofthe Advisory Council on Mainland Puerto RicanAffairs.david novak, ab'61, rabbi oftheBeth Tfiloh Congregation in Baltimore,is the author of Law and Theology in Juda-ism, published in October by KTAV Publish.ing House, New York.KENNETH H. KENNEDY, MBA'62,colonel in the Air Force, has been reas-signed to Japan as the commander of theArmy-Air Force Exchange System.cornelius bolton, sb'62, has beennamed ehief of medicine at Mile SquareHealth Center in Chicago. Dr. Bolton, who isalso physician/coordinator of the internaimedicine clinic at Rush/Presbyterian-St.Luke's Medicai Center, Mile Square'sbackup facility, has given up his privatepractice to devote himself full time to his newwork.anne meyers cohler, ab'62, joined thefaculty of Lake Forest College in the fall asassistant professor of politics. Ms. Cohlertaught in the Social Sciences Collegiate Division at UC from 1969 to 1972.RICHARD D. GOWAN. DB '62, AM'67, Pho'72,has joined the faculty of Tusculum College,Greenville, Tenn., as assistant professor ofreligious studies. He had been working as anemployment counselor with a teacher place-ment agency in Pittsburgh.in memoriam: Robert E. Ohm, pho'62,dean of the University of Oklahoma collegeof education, former principal ofthe Labora-tory Schools and assistant professor of education, University of Chicago, died October14 following an apparent heart attack.e RICHARD e. pyler, sb'63, is nowassociate editor of Baker 's Digest,which is published in Chicago. A former research scientist in the corn products sectionof Anheuser-Busch, Pyler joined the cerealchemistry faculty of North Dakota State University in 1972 where he conducted evaluativeresearch on the suitability of new barley va-rieties for malting and brewing.Arthur h. winer, mfa'63, sculptor, hasreturned to full-time teaching at Manetta(O.) College where he is associate professor ofart. In October the school put on an exhibitof some of the work produced during his1972-73 sabbatical leave. Winer, whose workhas been shown in both one-man and groupformats, won an award for his sculpture"Crossings" at the 1973 Ohio State Fair.LARRY LOWENTHAL, AB '64, in whathe calls a "note from the lost generation," contributes the following: He "mar-ried Jan in Chicago, flew to Hollywood, Fla.(midway between Miami and Ft. Lauder-dale), opened an advertising agency, boughta house across from the golf course, and con-ceived Noah . . . although not necessarily in30the order listed. The Miami market is tough,"he adds. "But you sure learn how to run abusiness."shirley strum kenny, p1id'64, associateprofessor of English at the University ofMaryland, is now chairman of that department.rC BETTYE GROSSBARD KAPLAN, SM'65,0^ high school science teacher inElmhurst, joined other Illinois educatorsduring October in a curriculum writing con-ference sponsored by the Office of the Super-intendent of Public Instruction and the Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality.The meeting, held in Springfield, constitutedthe final phase of development of the IllinoisState Pian for Environmental Education. Ms.Kaplan was among those especially selectedto formulate a classroom version of theplan's contents.a. j. scolnik, mba'65, has taken on newresponsibilities at Inland Steel' s IndianaHarbor works as assistant superintendent ofadministrative services, following areorganization ofthe fìrm's industriai engineering services group. Scolnik, who lives inMunster, Ind., has worked for Inland twenty-five years, originally as a machinist's helper.rr mary riege laner, ab'66, has moved0O from Flagstaff, Ariz., to Blacksburg,Va., and has enrolled at Virginia Tech as adoctoral student in sociology. At NorthernArizona University, where she had beeni teaching, Ms. Laner received the outstandingfaculty woman award for 1971-72.peter hauri, phD'66, and the Dartmouthsleep laboratory that he directs were the sub-jects of a cover story, "Oh, for a DecentNight's Sleep!" in the October 21 issue oftheNew York Times Magazine. Some of thelandmark research done at the University ofChicago Sleep Laboratory during the pasttwenty years was mentioned in the article,with particular reference to work done byeugene aserinsky, phD'53; Williamdement, md'55, p1id'58; nathanielkleitman, phD'23, professor emeritus in theDepartment of Physiology; and allanrechtschaffen, professor in theDepartments of Psychiatry and Psychologyand director ofthe University's Sleep Laboratory.DANIEL H. WILLICK, AM'66, pllD'68, CO-authored one of the seven $500 award -winning entries in the 1973 environmentallaw essay contest of the Association of TrialLawyers of America. Willick and co- authorTimothy J, Windle, both of whom receivedlaw degrees last year from UCLA, addressthemselves to Los Angeles' current smogemergency in their joint effort, selected fromthe more than 4,000 originai entries in thecontest.susan yaeger, ab'66, was married to HyVaron, art director at a New York advertis ing agency, in the spring of last year. Ms.Varon is currently in charge of special services at American Fabrics and Fashionsmagazine, New York, and is studying paint-ing at the New School and the School of Visual Arts.rn myron k. weintraub, ab'67, hasO / accepted the position of evaluation director at DePaul University's School for NewLearning and, as such, is responsible for de-veloping methods for evaluating the school' sacademic programs and individuai studentprogress.HEATHER TOBIS BOOTH, AB'67, Am70, ÌSone of a nine-member planning group andwill serve as politicai action consultant for anew national news magazine for women —Woman News — a twice-a-month publicationthat should be on the stands sometime thisyear. Ms. Booth, founder ofthe campuswomen' s group at UC in 1965 and of the firstabortion counseling service in the women' smovement, is currently executive director ofthe Midwest Academy, a leadership trainingschool in direct action organizing. She ismarried and has two children.rn joan phillips sandy, ab'68, has beenOO elected to the board of directors of PineTree Legai Assistance, the body responsiblefor the legai services program in Maine. Ms.Sandy, a Boston University law school graduate, and her husband, Robert e. sandy, jr.,jd'68, recently celebrated the first anniver-sary ofthe opening of their law firm, Sandy& Sandy, in Waterville, Me.beth rashbaum baum, ab'68, has re-ceived a master' s degree in English from theUniversity of Iowa.jeannine hammond, am'68, has joinedthe faculty of Coe College (Cedar Rapids, la.)as assistant professor of French. Ms.Hammond recently received her doctoratefrom Indiana University.bess Miller, ab'68, entered medicaischool this fall at the State University of NewYork, Buffalo.ann lousin, jd'68, has been assisting thespeaker of the Illinois house of representa-tives, W. Robert Blair, in the capacity ofhouse parlimentarian ever since February oflast year. Standing at his right side on thepodium, she gives opinions on rules and par-liamentary procedure, and is depended uponby Blair for advice on matters underquestion, to remind him of previous rulings,and to keep track generally of upcomingbills. When the speaker turns the chair overto someone else, Ms. Lousin stays at herspot, the "one Constant" up there. She firstcarne to the Illinois capital in 1970 as a legairesearcher for the Constitutional Convention."I carne down from Chicago for six weeksand have stayed for three years," she saidwith a twinkle. "That was the luckiest breakof my life." Norman jay uretsky, p1id'68, HarvardMedicai School, has been promoted to assistant professor of pharmacology in thedepartment of neurology.£Q audrey m. borth, p1id'69, hasV):7 joined the faculty of Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, as associate professor of educational psychology. Ms. Borthspent part ofthe 1972-73 year as a post-doctoral fellow, Laboratory of CommunityPsychiatry, Harvard University.The Reverend Martin p. cornelius hi,ab'69, reports from Copenhagen (Aoshdk,Jernbanegade 6) that he is doing graduatework in scientology, working as a management consultant for Triad radio (Chicago)and Silent Stream (New York), writing science fiction, "and generally having a verygood, busy time."*jr\ w. f. florkiewicz, mba'70, has been/ V7 named manager ofthe midwestern office (Palatine, 111.), emission control divisionof Envirotech Corporation, supplier of equip-ment and technology for the processing andrecovery of waste water and other materials,as well as for industriai air pollution controland air treatment.john j. lannon, mba'70, has been promoted to treasurer of Northern Illinois GasCompany.William h. siener, mat70, has joinedthe Niagara Fails (N. Y.) Youth Board asdirector of youth services. Mr. Siener hadbeen teaching at Central YMCA High Schoolin Chicago.*J -J GERSHON MANDELKER, MB A'71 ,' J- phD'73, has been appointed to the faculty of Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, as assistant professor of industriai ad-ministration.leslie j. maitland, ab'71, following atwo-year course of study in the history, philosophy and sociology of world religions, hasreceived a master's degree from Harvard.*j*\ Brigitte schwarz, ab'72, attended/ ** the World Congress of Peace Forces inMoscow, October 24 to November 3, as adelegate ofthe Hyde Park-Kenwood PeaceCouncil.*r<j Robert a. vacca, p1id73, assistant/ O professor of modem languages at NotreDame, has been chosen as winner of thisyear's Charles E. Sheedy award for excellence in teaching. The award, which carries a$1,000 honorarium, represents the highesthonor given by Notre Dame students to ateacher in the college of arts and sciences.The information was conveyed to us byLINNEA BRANDWEIN VACCA, AM'69, "PUD Stilislowly twisting in the wind," who teachesEnglish at St. Mary's College.31Theincreasinglg pcripateticschoolIn the olden time (whenever that was) a walk across thecampus could take you as far as from Stagg Field to Harper (501steps). Later it could have been from the field house to Burton-Judson (1,312 steps). Nowadays, so has the campus grown, thewalk from the new Stagg Field to the new Law School involves1,895 steps.(On the other hand, although Jimmy's is 200 steps fartherfrom Mitchell Tower than the erstwhile UT used to be, both areblocks and blocks closer than was the now-long-gone MikeHanley's.)Despite ali the new University buildings— added on theperiphery, and inserted here and there in the quadrangles —the old place doesn't look ali that different. But if you haven'tseen Regenstein Library, the Cummings Center, Pick Hall, HindsLab, the Bell Law Quadrangle, the new art center and a lot ofothers, you'll be amàzed. See them in June at reunion time.Bring your walking shoes.Beunion 1974 ^une 7,$