r. yflie University of Chicagomagazine May 1968*V0(2 JU^ a 1968 tîri$12,000,000 Pritzker Gift to Médical School^ TT? :::tiit tniMiThe University of ChicagomagazineVolume LX Number 8May 1968Published since 1907 byTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATION5733 University AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637(312) 643-0800, ext. 4291Fay Horton Sawyier, '44, PhD'64PrésidentC. Ranlet LincolnDirector of Alumni Aff airsConrad KulawasEditorREGIONAL OFFICES39 West 55 StreetNew York, New York 10019(212) 765-54803600 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1510Los Angeles, California 90005(213) 387-2321485 Pacific AvenueSan Francisco, California 94133(415) 433-40501629 K Street, N.W., Suite 500Washington, D.C. 20006(202) 296-8100Subscriptions: one year, $5.00;three years, $13.00; fiveyears, $20.00; life, $100.00.Second-class postagepaid at Chicago, Illinois. Ailrights reserved. Copyright 1968 byThe University of Chicago Magazine. 11 ARTICLES$12,000,000 Pritzker GiftMédical School named in honor of Pritzker f amilyAfter the Riots, What?Philip M. HauserThe Value of RiskRichard H. Moy14 Eulogy of Martin Luther King, Jr.Benjamin E. MaysDEPARTMENTS18 Quadrangle News21 People22 Alumni News22 Club News28 Profiles29 ArchivesThe University of Chicago Magazine is published monthly, October through June, for alumniand the f aculty of The University of Chicago. Letters and editorial contributions are welcomed.Front Cover: Members of the Pritzker family, which announced a $12,000,000 gift to theMédical School, June 13, are (from left) Robert A. Pritzker, Jay A. Pritzker, A. N. Pritzker,Jack N. Pritzker, and Donald N. Pritzker (see story on page 2).Inside Cover: Façade of Pekow Hall of the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School, by Cana-dian sculptor Jordi Bonet. The work is untitled.Photography Crédits: Inside cover and page 3 by Uosis Juodvalkis; front cover and page 2by Richard Gordon; page 19 by Bob Rice; page 15 courtesy of the Johnson Publishing Company; and page 28 courtesy of the Deseret News Publishing Company.Médical School named in honor of Pritzker family:$12,000,000 Pritzker GiftThe Pritzker family: (standing) Donald N.,Jay A., Jack N., (seated) Robert A. and A. N.The Pritzker FamilyThe family consists of A. N. Pritzker, PhB'16, JackN. Pritzker, Jay A. Pritzker, Robert A. Pritzker, andDonald N. Pritzker, JD'59. A. N. and Jack arebrothers, and Jay, Robert, and Donald are sons ofA. N. Pritzker.Nicholas J. Pritzker, father of A. N. and Jack,came to the United States in 1881 at the âge of nine.In 1902 he founded the law firm now known as Pritzker and Pritzker.The Nicholas J. Pritzker Center for the treatmentof emotionally disturbed children, which works closelywith the University, was sponsored by the family. TheCenter, at 55th St. and Cottage Grove Ave., is op-erated by the Jewish Children's Bureau of Chicagobut serves patients of ail races and religions.The Pritzker family has been associated activelywith the légal profession, with business enterprises,and with numerous charitable organizations in Chicago and elsewhere. The family's business activitiesinclude the Cory Corporation (recently acquired byHershey), Marmon Group, Inc., Hyatt Hotels, vari-ous real estate interests, and lumber companies.In honor of the Pritzker family of Chicago, which an-nounced a $12,000,000 gift to the University on June 13,the Médical School hère will henceforth be known as ThePritzker School of Medicine of The University of Chicago.The gift is one of the largest single contributions in theUniversity's 76-year history."The Pritzkers hâve made a contribution to the University and to médical science that will hâve a lastingimpact," said Président George W. Beadle. "Thèse fundswill be used to strengthen the faculty, including the création of four endowed chairs in différent branches of thePritzker School of Medicine, and to assist other activitiesthat will increase the stature and vigor of the School."A. N. Pritzker said: "Our gift is a measure of récognition of the University's advancement of human knowledge,particularly in the médical sciences. It is an affirmation ofour confidence in its future. The University of Chicago isa great institution in a great city, and we are pleased to bepart of both."The Pritzker School of medicine is the archétype of themédical school in a total académie setting. The School,with its hospitals, clinics, and basic science laboratories, isan integrated part of The University of Chicago Hospitalsand Clinics, located on campus.The School accepts approximately eighty students a yearfor a rigorous médical program designed to prépare graduâtes for careers in patient care, teaching, and research.Emphasis is placed on understanding and developing thescientific basis of medicine and the application of scientificprinciples to human problems. It was the first médicalschool in the nation with a full-time clinical teaching staff.Faculty members are employed by the University and donot engage in private practice, so that they may dévotetheir time to patient care, teaching, and research. TheHospitals and Clinics hâve 722 beds and provide extensiveresearch facilities for the School.The $12,000,000 gift brings the total contributed to theCampaign for Chicago — the University's three-year effortto raise $160,000,000— to approximately $140,000,000.Gaylord Donnelley, Trustée and National Chairman of theCampaign, said: "It is friends like the Pritzkers who helpmake the University what it is— one of the world's finest.The gift gives us the impetus to make the final year of theCampaign even more successful than the first." Facing Page: Among those at the news conférence announcing >nPritzker gift were (from left) Président George W. Beadle, FaimM. Cône, Chairman of the Board of Trustées, and A. N. Pritzkt ¦2After the Riots,What?Philip M. Hauser Man, or some close relative, has been on earth forperhaps 2 to IVi million years. Over the course of hisoccupance of this planet there hâve been four develop-ments which more than anything else hâve profoundlyafïected man's attitudes, his value Systems, and his be-haviorisms. Thèse are: first, the population explosion; second, the population implosion; third, population diversification; and fourth, the accelerating rate of technologicaland social change. Remote as they may seem thèse devel-opments are prerequisites to understanding contemporaryproblems which afflict us either on the international or thedomestic front. More specifically, they are essential tounderstanding contemporary problems within the UnitedStates, including governmental problems, physical problems, personal problems, social problems, and the spécifieproblems of the Negro Revolt.The population explosion has recently become wellknown to most people. It can be summarized by pointingout that it took almost 2 to 2l/i million years for mankindto generate 1 billion persons simultaneously alive on thisplanet, a number not achieved until about 1825. It tookonly an additional 105 years to add a second billion; thatç number was achieved by 1930. It took only an additional30 years to add the third billion — the world population in1960. And should présent fertility levels persist along withprésent mortality trends, world population could number7.5 billion persons by the end of this century, only 32years hence.The population implosion is much less well known. Itis perhaps more easily recognized by the ternis urbaniza-tion and metropolitanization. This phenomenon, too, is ofrelatively récent origin. It refers to the increasing concentration of people on smaller and smaller proportionsof the earth's surface. In fact, man did not even achievepermanent settlements until as recently as the NeolithicPeriod, some 10,000 years ago. He had not achievedenough in the way of technological development and socialorganizational development to permit cities of 100,000 ormore until as recently as Greco-Roman civilization. More-Philip M. Hauser is Prof essor of Sociology and Director ofthe Population Research and Training Center. This articleis based on a talk given to the University of Chicago Club ofGreater Los Angeles.40ver, he did not achieve enough in the way of technicaland social development to permit the prolifération of cities0f a million or more until as recently as 1800, very littlemore than a century and a half ago.The population explosion fed the population implosion,and both the population explosion and population implosion hâve fed population diversification. By populationdiversification I refer to the increasing heterogeneity ofpeople, diverse by culture, by language, by value Systems,by religion, by ethnicity, and by race, who share not onlythe same geographical area but increasingly the same lifespace — that is, économie, social and political activities.This is also a very récent phenomenon in the history ofman, certainly in terms of the magnitude with which thisis now évident throughout the world.jLinally, the accelerating tempo of technological andsocial change helped generate the problems which afflictthe contemporary world on the international and domesticfronts. The former generally preceded the latter and eachtended to be both antécédent and conséquent to the otherthree developments.The United States is history's most dramatic exampleof ail four phenomena — the population explosion, the population implosion, population diversification, and the accelerating rate of technological and social change.In 1790, when our first census was taken, this was anation of fewer than four million people. In the course ofour relatively short national history we hâve become anation which by the 18th Decennial Census, in 1960, con-tained 180 million people. We are today a nation of over200 million people. By the end of the century we shallprobably exceed 300 million. What may be more significant—and this is an important prerequisite to understandingmany of our contemporary political problems— in 1790,95 per cent of the American people lived in rural places,on farms and in places having fewer than 2500 people. Itwas in such an agrarian setting that the Constitution of theUnited States was written and, also, the constitutions ofmost of our states, for which the Fédéral Constitution served as a prototype. By 1960 we had become transformedfrom a nation 95 per cent rural, to a nation 70 per centurban. Moreover, 63 per cent of ail the American peoplein 1960 lived in metropolitan areas, as defined by theFédéral government — in cities of 50,000 or more and inthe counties in which they were located. The United Statesdid not become an urban nation in the sensé that morethan half of the population lived in urban places until asrecently as 1920; and it will not be until our next censusis taken in 1970 that this nation will hâve completed herfirst half century as an urban nation, a very short periodof time in the life of a nation.The United States is, also, a major example of population diversification. From the time we first began to countimmigrants in 1820 to the présent time, we hâve admittedover 44 million immigrants, most of them from Europe.We began with the involuntary importation of Africans inthe 17th century. As recently as the turn of this centurylittle more than half of the American people were native-white of native parentage; about one-fifth of the population was of "second génération" — native-white of foreignor mixed parentage; and the remainder were about evenlydivided between foreign born and non-white. By 1960three-tenths of the population was still of "foreign stock"— foreign born plus the second génération — or non-white.Perhaps more than any other nation on the face of theearth, the United States has demonstrated the problemsthat dérive from the population explosion, the populationimplosion, and population diversification. Thèse developments combined with the rapid tempo of technological andsocial change hâve converged into climactic proportionsand are embodied in contemporary urban and metropolitan America. Given the rapidity with which thèse developments hâve been compressed into the relatively shorthistory of this nation, it is small wonder that we are stillplagued with frictions of adjustment.Man is the only culture-building animal on the globe.He not only adapts to environment, he créâtes environmentto which to adapt, and he is still trying to learn to live inthe world that he himself has created — a world of largepopulations, great densities, and great population diversification subject to rapid technological and social change.It is with this perspective that we can better understand thephysical problems of the United States- — air and water5pollution, trafric congestion, parking problems and thecommuter crisis; the personal and social problems ofjuvénile delinquency, crime and drug addiction; the revoltof the younger génération characterized in the extrêmes bythe "hippies" who seek retreat from a world with whichthey cannot cope and by the activists who beat their brainsout against the Pentagon doors; the problems of intergrouprelations climaxed by the Negro Revolt; and the problemsof governance on the Fédéral, state, and local levels.Now let us focus on the problems of the Negro American, for it is he who is the subject of "After the Riots,What?"TJL-he problems of the Negro American are not uniqueproblems in the history of this nation. They are in somerespects — although, also, with considérable différence — thesame problems that f aced every newcomer group that cameto this country, including the newest newcomers to themainstream of American life, the Appalachian white or"hillbilly," the Puerto Rican, the American Indian, andthe continuing although lesser streams of immigrants. Ishould mention that the plight of the hillbilly is in manyrespects worse than that of the Negro because the hillbillyhasn't even yet discovered that he has a problem. And inthis respect the Negro American is well ahead of theAppalachian white.As background for understanding the problem of theNegro American let me outline briefly the way in whichAmerica became peopled. Most of our people came fromsomewhere else, in great waves, mainly from Europe. In1848 there was an abortive révolution in Germany whichbrought a lot of Germans to this country. The Irish ranout of potatoes during the 19th century and that is howChicago and many other cities got their mayors, a largepart of their city councils, their police forces, and theirclergy. There were hard times, drouth, and bad crops inScandinavia toward the end of the 19th century thatbrought large waves of Scandinavian immigrants. Immigration then shifted from Northern and Western Europeto Southern and Eastern Europe, bringing waves of Pôles,including Jews; Russians, most of whom were Jews; Italians; Bohemians and other Slavic groups; Greeks; andso on. Ail of thèse newcomers to America underwent es-sentially the same processes of accommodation and acculturation as indicated, for example, by adjustment in threedimensions — location in space (residential location), location in the economy (the job), location in society (status).In brief, the expérience of newcomer groups can be sum-marized in this way: Living in the slums in segregatedfashion, doing the dirty work with the lowest pay, beingsubjected to préjudices and discriminatory practices, ailthèse hâve never been reserved for any one or two minoritygroups in the history of this nation — they hâve beendemocratically available to ail newcomers without regardto race, religion, or origin. This has been the Americanway.In the course of time, our various newcomer groups,largely by the benefit of public compulsory free éducationin this nation since 1820, hâve acquired éducation, hâveacquired skills, hâve climbed the économie ladder, hâveimproved their residential locations, and hâve acquiredstatus in the community. And I might say a word aboutstatus in the community to document the pattern I hâvedescribed. Every one of our newcomer groups was knownby some pithy péjorative désignation, were they not? Whodid we admit in the 19th century but a lot of "Krautheads,""Micks," and "dumb Swedes" (and they were called"dumb Swedes" no matter what part of the Scandinavianpeninsula they were from). And in the 20th century weadmitted a lot of "Polaks," "Bohunks," "Sheenies," and"Wops" — none were excepted from this name-calling.With this framework in mind let me now focus on theNegro American. When our first census was taken in 1790there were about 800,000 Negroes in the United States,somewhat fewer than there were in the City of Chicago in1960. But Negro Américans constituted 20 per cent, afull fifth, of the American people in 1790. They remaineda fifth of the American people until about 1810, and then,under one of the great compromises of the ConstitutionalConvention, the slave trafric ceased. European white immigration continued, however, and the Negro became anever-dwindling proportion of the total population. By 1930the Negro had dropped to less than 10 per cent of thetotal. Between 1930 and 1940, by reason of urbanizationand decreasing death rates, the Negro matched the growth6rate of the white population; and since 1940, the Negropopulation has been growing much more rapidly than thewhite. There are now approximately 22 million Negroesin this nation, and should présent trends continue theywill double and reach the number of 44 million withinthe next 22 years, by 1990. By that time, incidentally, withprésent trends the national population would be 287 million and the Negroes would then constitute about 14 percent of the total.Now let us turn to a second set of salient facts. Whenour first census was taken in 1790 about 94 per cent ofail Negroes lived south of the Mason-Dixon line. In 1860,in the census taken before the Civil War, the concentrationof Negroes had diminished to about 92 per cent. In 1910,the last census taken before World War I, the concentration of Negroes in the South had corne down to 89 percent. The first internai migratory movements of Negroesout of the rural slum South where they had been kept as asegregated sub-cultural group began during World War I.Manpower was the bottleneck in production when we werethe arsenal of the Allied Powers. Job opportunities broughtNegroes to the North as well as the industrial révolutionwhich came to the South and freed Negroes from the soil.This internai migratory movement was greatly acceleratedduring World War II. In conséquence, by 1960 Negroesin the South made up only 60 per cent of ail Negroes inthe country. At the présent time, as a resuit of continuedmigratory movements, it is estimated by the Bureau of theCensus that about 55 per cent of the Negroes are left inthe South. By the time our next census is taken it may wellbe that we will hâve reached the 50-50 point with as manyNegroes in the North including the West as in the South.-L 1 ow, a third set of salient facts — and thèse I stress asbeing prerequisite to understanding anything about theplight of America and the plight of the Negro Americanin the contemporary scène. In 1910, before thèse internaimigratory movements of the Negroes began, 73 per cent°f ail Negroes lived in rural places, on farms or placeshaving fewer than 2500 people. Within 50 years the Negrohas been transformed from 73 per cent rural to 73 per cent "The révolution of rising expectationshas not bypassed the Negro American."urban; and he is today more highly urbanized than is thewhite population of the United States. In i960, 51 percent of our Negroes lived in metropolitan areas of thisnation; 38 per cent of our Negroes lived in the 24 metropolitan areas with a million or more people.How well prepared was the Negro for this tremendoustransformation from agrarian living in the rural slum Southas a segregated sub-cultural minority to metropolitanismas a way of life? Again, I draw on the 1960 census. Asrecently as 1960, 78 per cent of ail Negro adults — Negroes25 years of âge and older — had not completed high school;23 per cent of ail Negro adults were functionally illiterate,had not gone beyond 5th grade, usually in a rural slumSouthern school, were unable to read a newspaper withease. This was their préparation for metropolitan living;this was their part of the American héritage. I stress thisbecause thèse are prerequisites to understanding the whyof the Negro revolt. In fact, we hâve investigation com-mittees on national, state, and local levels trying to détermine the causes of the riots. I would like respectfully tosuggest that although they may turn up with some usefultidbits of information, fundamentally they represent awaste of money.There are only two types of considérations necessary tounderstand the "why" of the Negro riots. First, the Negrohas been on this continent for three and a half centuries.He has involuntarily spent two and a half centuries inslavery; he has spent a half century in the rural slum Southunder the unfulfilled promises of the Emancipation Proclamation; and he has spent an additional half century inthe slum ghettos of metropolitan America.Second, since World War II the entire world has beenswept by what has felicitously been called by Adlai Stevenson "the révolution of rising expectations." This is thefirst génération in ail the history of man in which there areno peoples left on the face of this earth willing to settlefor second place in level of living and who do not insist onindependence if not already achieved. In fact, this may bethe most important thing that has happened during ourgénération as judged by future historians. This révolutionof rising expectations has not bypassed the Negro American. In a fundamental sensé the Negro Revolt is simplyAmerica's local manifestation of the révolution of risingexpectations which has swept the whole world.7There is also another type of considération, a shorter-run and a more immédiate considération. With the présentadministration and the success of the previous Congressin the passage of civil rights législation, new vistas of op-portunity and new expectations were aroused in the Negrocommunity. It is an ironie thing that the Negro Revolt andthe riots are not in spite of thèse advançes but in a fondamental sensé because of them. Why? Negroes were ledto beiieve that they were finally entering the Americanscène with a status of equality. But what happened in re-ality? There was nothing to match the Fédéral leadershipon the state front in terms of gubernatorial leadership oron the local front in terms of mayorality leadership. Nothing substantial happened to change the reality of living inrat-infested slums, of unemployment two to three timesthat of white unemployment rates. There was nothing tochange the character of the segregated communities inwhich the Negro lived and there was nothing to change thecharacter of the completely defiieient educational opportuni-ties for the Negro, as a resuit of which the présent situationis being recycled. As the gap between expectation and reality increased, so did frustration, aliénation, and bitternessof the type which has led to violence.Although the Negro has been résident in what is nowthe United States for three and a half centuries he is amongthe newest newcomers en masse to the mainstream ofAmerican life, to urbanism and metropolitanism as a wayof life — newer than any of our most récent foreign immigrant groups, the Pôles, the Jews, the Italians, the Bohe-mians, or the Greeks. So, too, is the Appalachian white,the "hillbilly." Ironically enough the newest newcomer ofail to the mainstream of American life is the fellow whowas hère to greet the first European as well as the firstNegro — the American Indian.This is an essential perspective because the Negro isonly now beginning to enter the American scène and isentering the path of acculturation. For foreigners thisprocess was called Americanization, but it is absurd totalk about the Negro who has been an American farlonger than the average white man becoming American-ized; just as it is absurd to talk about the Indian who hasbeen hère longer than the Negro becoming Americanized.The Negro American is only now entering the mainstreamof American life under terrifie handicaps. Let us examine the points of similarity and différencein the process of the acculturation of the Negro Americanand the foreign ethnie groups which preceded him. In somerespects, the Negro American is going down the samepath as those ethnie groups. The farther the Negro is fromthe center or slums of the city, the higher is his économiestatus and éducation. The longer the Negro has been inthe urban environment, the greater is the change in hisaverage éducation, the character of his job and his rémunération; and the more he has acquired higher statuswithin his own community and, increasingly, within thecommunity at large. Thèse are similarities, but the différences must be understood before we can answer the question, "After the Riots, What?"Y W hen the white immigrant groups first came to thisland, they were ail highly visible. The Irishman had hisbrogue. The Jew was especially visible with his long un-trimmed beard which became shorter and shorter until itfinally disappeared. By the second and third génération vis-ibility diminished and thèse new Americans had the choiceas individuals of continuing to live in their own enclaves orliving in integrated neighborhoods. The test of whetherwe hâve a democracy in a pluralisme society is not whetherwe hâve complète intégration or complète ségrégation butwhether every individual human being has the right to livein an enclave of his own kind or to départ from it. Ourwhite ethnie groups hâve this choice; the Negro American,just reaching the stage of developing a middle class afterless than two générations in an urban environment, isfinding that when he tries to exercise this choice he isblocked because he remains visible.There is an organization in this country called SPONGE— Society for the Prévention of the Negroes Getting Every-thing. It consists of members of foreign ethnie groups,first and second as well as third génération. Thèse peopletake the position that they lived in the slums, they workedtheir way up, they worked their way out of the slums; why,they say, does the Negro need spécial législation and spécial programs to do the same? Let him do it the hard way,the way they had to do it. What thèse folks do not under-8'Violence is no longer a seasonal phenomenon.America is at a significant crossroadsstand is this basic fact. When the white ethnie groupscame to this country, this nation was still building hercities, still building her railroads, still building her fac-tories, still building her roads. Our ethnie groups, to besure, had no éducation, did not hâve the language. Many0f them had no skills. They had nothing to offer, on theaverage, but strong backs. But when they came, with astrong back they could make a living. The Negro has, inthe main, corne to the mainstream of American life duringand after World War II to a much more technologicallyadvanced economy in which a strong back no longer hada function to perform.Thèse and other différences add up to a combination offrustration, bitterness, and aliénation of a people who bymost standards hâve been patient for three and a halfcenturies. I would say many of our white young activiststoday among those trying to beat their way into the Pen-tagon hâve a lot less reason for violence than does theNegro with his three and a half centuries of expérience inthis nation.If a society is to remain viable, whether it be a nationor a city or a university — and we hâve the same problemsin our universities — there is no alternative, when violenceis manifested, to the mustering of overwhelming superiorforce and the restoration of order. Without this, the resuitis no society at ail. But after the restoration of order, thenwhat? After the restoration of order, it is incumbent on asociety to explore and examine the causes of the disorderand to deal with those causes. To impose restraints andmerely to repress violence does not résolve anything. If thesituation is merely repressed, a head of steam is built upfor more intensive and more prolongea disorder to follow.It is with this perspective that we turn to the question,"After the Riots, What?"The long hot summers are going to turn into long hotyears, and what has already happened since the summerof 1967 indicates violence is no longer a seasonal phenomenon. America is at a significant crossroads with a basicdécision to make. The alternatives are two. The first isthat we greatly increase our investment in human re-sources, greatly increase our investment in the NegroAmerican and, also, the poor white, to provide themwith the basic skills, thesaleable skills, and the citizenshipskills which equip them to take on the obligations and re- sponsibilities as well as the rights of American citizenship.If anyone thinks that this nation is now preparing ourNegro Americans or poor whites, en masse, to do this,he is badly mistaken. In the history of this nation purtwo most remarkable achievements, our major contributions to the story of man, hâve nothing to do with ouramazing mass level of living or the conquest of nuclearenergy or space exploration. They are social achievements:First, we as a nation hâve demonstrated better than anyother nation the ability to achieve unity out of diversity —not e pluribus unum in terms of states, but the unity wehâve out of the heterogeneous peoples with diverse back-grounds by culture, by ethnicity, by language, and byreligion. Second, we hâve demonstrated better than anyother nation in history an open society, a society character-ized by latéral and vertical social mobility in which eachman, no matter what his origin, has been able to rise onthe social scale, the économie scale, and the political scaleto heights limited only by his own capacity. And themajor instrumentality without any question in makingthèse achievements possible has been free compulsorypublic school éducation. This has been the historié missionof our schools. I hasten to add that having made thèse observations about our great contributions, I regret it isnecessary to make a significant qualification. Thèse hâvebeen true for white Americans up to this point in ourhistory and the basic problem which confronts the UnitedStates today is whether this is to be true for black Americans.p_±_ ublic school éducation is today converting this nationinto a caste society, stratified by race and by économiestatus. And I illustrate this with a neologism for which Iapologize. I refer to the pre-conception I.Q. — the I.Q. ofa child before he is conceived. The child with a very highpre-conception I.Q., high enough to sélect white-skinnedparents who live in the suburbs, has by this astute actguaranteed unto himself an input for public school éducation two to ten times that of the child with a miserablylow pre-conception I.Q., stupid enough to sélect black-skinned parents who live in the inner-city slums. The9child with an intermediate pre-conception I.Q., brightenough to sélect white-skinned parents but too stupid topick parents living in the suburbs, gets an intermediateéducation. This is a way of saying that the child in thesuburbs gets a first-class éducation, the white child livingtoward the periphery gets a second-class éducation, andthe child in the inner city, black or white, gets a third orfourth rate éducation. In conséquence, éducation is nolonger performing its historié mission in this nation; onthe contrary, the kind of éducation we now hâve in ourslums and ghettos is recycling the présent situation intoperpetuity. Our metropolitan areas today hâve Negroeswho were born in the city, reared in the city, educated inthe city, and hâve not acquired the basic skills, the saleableskills, and the citizenship skills to stand on their own twofeet in contemporary society. Our first alternative, then,is to increase the investment in human resources so thatwe create a génération that can stand on its own feet.If we want peace the other alternative is greatly to increase our investment in police; in the National Guard; inthe Army; in concentration camps; and, possibly, in génocide. Anything in between thèse alternatives is going togive us guérilla warfare of indefinite duration on the home-front. We must choose between following our ideology andcredo about being a land of equal opportunity for ail ormaking ourselves over in the image of the Union of SouthAfrica. I am enough of an optimist to believe that whenthe American people realize that we stand at this crossroads, they will not choose to make themselves over into astate like the Union of South Africa; at the présent time,however, the American people do not realize just what thischoice is or where we stand.T ? hat are the immédiate steps "After the Riots?" Thesignificant problem in the Negro community is, first of ail,poverty; 40 per cent of our Negro families live in povertycompared to about 11 per cent of the whites. There aremore poor whites, incidentally, than Negroes because thereare more whites than Negroes, but the proportions areappallingly différent. The cure for poverty, believe it or not, still remains money — not psychiatry — not social work— money. And to the extent that the Negro problem isone of poverty, the cure is money. In my judgment youcan go a long way toward alleviating the riots and de-creasing the number of cities that will be burned down inthis country over the next five years if there is an adéquateincome flow pumped into the Negro community. Twospécifie ways to do this were recommended by the UrbanCoalition, which included mayors of our major cities, topbusiness leaders, heads of the American labor movement,and top acaderhicians. Among other things, they declaredthat the government must become the employer of lastresort. This means that if a man cannot get a job in theprivate sector, as Negro maies mainly cannot get becausethey hâve neither the éducation nor the skills, the government must provide him with a job in the public sectorsuited to his skills and éducation, or lack thereof, so thathe receives an adéquate income flow under conditions ofhuman dignity. Second, a welfare System should be insti-tuted to get rid of the atavisms that characterize our AFDCprograms today. We are the only industrialized nation inthe world without a family welfare plan which auto-matically sends a check to the mother for every child born,without irrelevant questions about need or hypocriticalmoral probings about marriage.If we provide money to alleviate the poverty of theNegro, hâve we finished the job? Hâve we solved theproblem of the Negro? By no means. This is the way tosolve the problems of the poor white, but the Negro hasanother problem born out of three and a half centuries ofbitter racism and bigotry in this country, some of whichafflicts the highest positions in our local, state, and Fédéraloffices. The only cure for racism and bigotry is acceptance,and key symbols of acceptance hâve become open housingand school intégration. Until white Americans are preparedto provide Negro Americans with adéquate symbols ofacceptance and equality of opportunity in fact as well asin word, we hâve no reason to expect a lessening of racetensions, or a diminution in manifestations of violence.After the riots, what? First, restoration of law and order.But that is not enough. Law and order must be followedby justice. The entire goal must be law, order and justice.For without justice, law and order will be increasinglysmall interludes between épisodes of disorder. 010The Valueof RiskRichard H. Moy Richard H. Moy, M.D., is Chairman of the Committeeon Risk Taking Behavior of the American Collège HealthAssociation. The newly-formed Committee is seeking tostudy drug-taking — and other student behavior commonlyconsidered aberrant — in the wider context of risk takingas a total phenomenon, so that any positive aspects ofsuch behavior will be available for a fuller understandingof student problems by collège and university health officiais. This article is adapted from Dr. Moy's backgroundstatement on risk taking to the Executive Committee ofthe American Collège Health Association. Dr. Moy isDirector of University Health Services, which includesStudent and Employée Health Services, and Research As-sociate {Assistant Professor) in the Department of Medicine. He currently is serving on the National CoordinatingCouncil of Drug Abuse Education and Information.TJLhere is little doubt that the most serious common con-cern of collège and university health officiais today is drugabuse, and this must of necessity be an important concernof the Committee on Risk Taking Behavior. I would hope,however, that this would not become its préoccupation.Hâving attended two conférences this year of nationalgroups concerned with drug abuse, I hâve become con-cerned that the ad hoc approach, while in some ways efficient and satisfying to the feeling of a need for action, isphilosophically stérile and lacks the flexibility to keep upwith and possibly anticipate the fluid and passionate con-cerns of our young people. I would hope, then, that theCommittee on Risk Taking Behavior would be preparedto think widely and deeply in its named province and avoidhysteria and reactionism by retaining a concept of thetrue meaning of health. Let me expand on this.One could begin with drug abuse on campuses, but tostop there ignores drug abuse among other groups — parents, for example— which may be quite relevant to theoverall problem. One could broaden the concept and callit "substance misuse" and bring in alcohol, tobacco, andfood. Or go ail the way to risk-taking behavior in gêneraiand bring into considération such things as gambling, sex,poor driving, motor bikes, skin diving, and so on. Clearly11The term riskless university' is a contradiction."at that point we are no longer talking about "them" butabout "us" — our society. This perspective ought to en-gender a certain empathy and at least dampen the stérilepropensity to point the finger and view with alarm.Now as to the meaning of Health. If you ask a modemmédical student, as I hâve on a number of occasions, todefine health, you get variations on the thème that healthis the absence of disease. This of course is not a real définition and certainly not very useful. I would suggest ratherthat health is disease conquered. As physicians I think weail know this intuitively and are thus in a position to ap-preciate the vital necessity of risk taking to the integrityof the human organism.As a preamble to the following argument let me makeclear that risk taking can be dangerous and that therecan be tragédies resulting from bad judgment. The ex-perienced and mature individual can and must help in thisarea, for a central problem is the quality of advice avail-able to the inexperienced individual.To expand on the meaning of health as disease conquered, it is useful to view a person as existing in fourrealms of being: the physical, the biological, the psychiatrie, and finally the philosophical or spiritual realm.Clearly the borders of thèse realms are not sharp, andthere is much interaction between them, but the semanticséparation is useful in developing a concept of health.In the physical realm it is elementary to point out thata child must risk falling down if he is to learn to walk.Every new level of attainment up to being an alpinist oran olympic athlète entails progressive risk taking, witheach conquest bringing back new strength, expérience, andconfidence to the organism. There may be fractures andsprains, but we manfully accept thèse. We would scorn amother who kept her child in a playpen ail the time because he might fall if he tried to walk.In the biological realm, the need for risk taking to attainhealth by conquest is again fairly obvious. We are borninto a sea of microorganisms and must at once begin todéfend ourselves against them. The conquest of infectionand the antibodies that resuit are so important to healththat we purposely administer the challenge of immuniza-tion whenever possible. We are familiar with the experi-ment of raising mice in a stérile environment. They growto adulthood and look quite healthy, but they die within hours after exposure to the outside world — while their littlegray cousin is munching happily behind a garbage canClearly, again, life must be risked to be won, and thereare hazards in delaying or trying to avoid the encounterThèse same principles hold in the psychiatrie realmWhile a base of security and protection is important forthe developing child, progressive forays into the worldmust take place, each with some risk of trauma. But withconquest, new strengths and confidence are won. Theproblem of the overprotective parent is too familiar todwell on.In each of thèse familiar realms, then, risk is intégralto any picture we might hâve of a healthy adult. There arecasualties, there are problems of miscalculation and badjudgment. But I feel there are equal or more severeproblems to the quality of the person if risk taking ispurposely avoided or studiously minimized.Now consider the fourth realm, the philosophical orspiritual being. It is hère that the concepts found usefulin the previous realms are often lost and obscured. I wouldmaintain that they continue with equal importance. Andin University life they may be the most important of ail.The term "riskless university" is a contradiction. Tobecome a mature, strong, and healthy person intellectually,it is necessary and, I would maintain, healthy to risk attimes questioning the beliefs and credos benevolentlydraped on us by family and society. To play devil's ad-vocate, to do the provocative, to champion the unpopular,thèse are the calisthenics of the intellect and, on a university campus, part of the immunization against laxity,complacency, and social death. There can be casualties,but I would rather hâve as fellow citizens those who hâveagonized and strained for truth and justice than those whoquietly accept the comfortable and familiar. I hâve become concerned about the student who can spend fouryears on a campus and never hâve his guts twisted by abasic question. He may already fiave the answers but myfear is that he is fragile and vulnérable. In the face ofsudden personal or social crisis, when the familiar andcomfortable erumble, will he hâve the intellectual muscleto fight for health? Or will he be a stérile mouse?Relatively free of responsibility and commitment, collège students can range widely, perceptively, and withdevastating effect at times. Adults, on the contrary, are by12and large committed. Upon graduation they hâve grabbeda pièce of life, gotten involved with it, and developed afunctioning philosophy, acknowledged or not, that is moreor less comfortable primarily because it seems to work.The commitment increases with time. Thus when the student cries hypocrisy and charges society to go back tobasic questions, the response of the adult members iswidespread agony, with a strong propensity to write thestudents off as kooks and oddballs and ignore the question.This is perhaps understandable among parents, businessmen, politicians, and gênerais, but it is unforgivable on acollège campus. Abrasive as he may be, the student witha question is what a collège faculty should seek to produce.While the thérapies for social ills proposed by a studentmay be hopelessly naive and impertinent at times, thisshould not obscure their rather high diagnostic and prog-nostic qualities. What concerns students now should be ofinterest and possibly of real concern to ail of us. Let megive an example that may well be related to the drugproblem.TJLhe difnculties at Berkeley and related manifestationson other campûses concerning anonymity and being atthe mercy of huge inanimate forces raise the possibilitythat the démon predicted by Paul Tillich is upon us.Tillich suggested that the démon of American libéral hu-manism would be scientism. Not science the tool and theslave, but scientism as a pervading philosophy of life, withits own high priests and credos, its propensity to codifyand categorize, its cold objectivity and impersonality, andits abiding belief that the number "one" is statistically in-significant.The methods and principles of science hâve been sospectacularly successful in physics, chemistry, and biologythat inevitably they are being used more and more widelyin the human sphère. There are large dangers hère thatmany hâve predicted, most can see, and some are nowbeginning to feel with discomfort. It is convenient to putpeople into labeled packages, number them, and thinjt thatone understands something. Might it be a sensé of humandiscontent at this prospect that provided the soil where theseeds of psychedelic philosophy grow? Its credos are the antithesis of scientism: subjectivity, feeling, perception,affect, mysticism, and high regard for the personal. Grotesque as this reaction is at times, might this not be ofdiagnostic and prognostic importance to us ail? Is it in-conceivable that risk taking in the area of affect mightresuit in a more balanced human being? I don't know. As aphysician I must challenge the value of drug use becauseof the very clear hazards and because their use often seemslittle more than psycho-philosophical masturbation. I cannot however ignore the human discontent and the latentquestions posed by that larger problem.With this rather long prologue I hope I hâve made clearthe broad area of concern I would envision for the Committee on Risk Taking Behavior. It is of course too largeto solve and too large for medicine alone, but coming aswe do from universities and collèges, I would suggest thatour Committee be enriched soon with talented and thought-ful people from other disciplines so that the dialogue canbegin. Humanists and philosophers hâve responsibilityhère as well as scientists. Clearly the answer cannot be justone more pharmacologie statement about the danger ofdrugs. And we should bear in mind that by the time somefinal great statement could be agreed on by everyone thestudents may well hâve gone on to other concerns. Ideallywe can arrive at a philosophical framework in which wecan more reasonably discuss health and disease and riskand éducation and the beautiful young mind.The inconsistencies of reaction were brought home tome last fall when I examined an entering médical studentwho had played varsity football in collège. His ankles hadbeen so badly and repeatedly injured that they werechronically swollen and painful. He wanted to be a surgeon like his father, and he had scrubbed in with him theprevious summer to watch an opération. The student hadto break scrub after thirty minutes — he couldn't remainstanding any longer. He may well never be a surgeon.It struck me that while he was grinding up his ankles—and possibly his career — thousands were cheering him on.If he had instead risked a marijuana cigarette, he couldhâve gotten two to ten years in a fédéral penitentiary.Clearly from what I hâve said previously, I am not againstvarsity athletics nor in favor of marijuana. I am, however,concerned about understanding risk-taking behavior andour national passions and phobias regarding it. ?13Eulogy ofMartin LutherKing, Jr.Benjamin E. Mays To be honored by being requested to give the eulogy atthe funeral of Doctor Martin Luther King, Jr., is \[\tasking one to eulogize his deceased son — so close and soprecious was he to me. Our friendship goes back to hisstudent days at Morehouse Collège. It is not an easy task*nevertheless, I accepted with a sad heart and with fullknowledge of my inadequacy to do justice to this goodman. It was my désire that if I predeceased Doctor King,he would pay tribute to me on my final day. It was hiswish that if he predeceased me, I would deliver the homilyat his funeral. Fate has decreed that I eulogize him. I wishit might hâve been otherwise, for, after ail, I am three scoreyears and ten and Martin Luther is dead at thirty-nine.Although there are some who rejoice in his death, thereare millions across the length and breadth of this worldwho are smitten with grief that this friend of mankind-—ail mankind — has been eut down in the flower of his youth.So, multitudes hère and in foreign lands — queens, kings,heads of governments, the clergy of the world, and thecommon man everywhere — are praying that God will bewith the family, the American people, and the Présidentof the United States in this tragic hour. We hope that thisuniversal concern will bring comfort to the family — forgrief is like a heavy load: when shared it is easier to bear.We corne today to help you carry the load.We hâve assembled hère from every section of this greatnation and from other parts of the world to give thanks toGod that He gave to America, at this moment in history,Martin Luther King, Jr. Truly God is no respecter ofpersons. How strange! God called the grandson of a slaveon his f ather's side, and the grandson of a man born duringthe Civil War on his mother's side, and said to him: MartinLuther, speak to America about war and peace. Speak toAmerica about social justice and racial discrimination.Speak to America about its obligation to the poor. Andspeak to America about nonviolence as a way of perfectingsocial change in a world of brutality and war.Hère was a man who believed with ail of his might thatthe pursuit of violence at any time is ethically and mor-ally wrong; that God and the moral weight of the uni-verse are against it; that violence is self-defeating; and thatonly love and forgiveness can break the vicious circle ofrevenge. He believed that nonviolence would prove effective in the abolition of injustice in politics, économies, inéducation, and in race relations. He was convinced, also,that people could not be moved to abolish voluntarily thejjjhumanity of man to man by mère persuasion and plead-ing, but that they could be moved to do so by dramatizingthe evil through massive nonviolent résistance. He believedthat nonviolent direct action was necessary to supplémentthe nonviolent victories won in the Fédéral courts. Hebelieved that the nonviolent approach to solving socialproblems would ultimately prove to be redemptive.V^ut of this conviction, history records the marches inMontgomery, Birmingham, Selma, Chicago, and othercities. He gave people an ethical and moral way to engagein activities designed to perfect social change withoutbloodshed and violence; and when violence did erupt itwas that which is potential in any protest which aims touproot deeply entrenched wrongs. No reasonable personwould deny that the activities and the personality of MartinLuther King, Jr., contributed largely to the success of thestudent sit-in movements; in abolishing ségrégation indowntown establishments; and that his activities contributed mightily to the passage of the Civil Rights législationof 1964 and 1965.Martin Luther King, Jr. believed in a united America;that the walls of séparation brought on by légal and defacto ségrégation, and discrimination based on race andcolor, could be eradicated. As he said in his WashingtonMonument address: "I hâve a dream!"He had faith in his country. He died striving to desegre-gate and integrate America to the end that this great nationof ours, born in révolution and blood, conceived in libertyand dedicated to the proposition that ail men are createdfree and equal, will truly become the lighthouse of freedomwhere none will be denied because his skin is black andnone favored because his eyes are blue; where our nationwill be militarily strong but perpetually at peace; eco-nomically secure but just; learned but wise; where thepoorest — the garbage collectors — will hâve bread enoughand to spare; where no one will be poorly housed, eacheducated up to his capacity; and where the richest willunderstand the meaning of empathy. This was his dream,and the end toward which he strove. As he and his fol- Benjamin E. Mays, AM'25, PhD'35, is Président Emeritusof Morehouse Collège in Atlanta, Georgia. The eulogy wasgiven at the funeral of Dr. King on April 9, 1968, in Atlanta.This original text incorporâtes the last-minute changes madeby the author; but it retains the sections he deleted from hisaddress in the interests of brevity: the first two sentences ofparagraph three and ail of paragraphs four, five, six, and seven.15lowers so often sang: "We shall overcome someday; blackand white together."Let it be thoroughly understood that our deceasedbrother did not embrace nonviolence out of fear or cow-ardice. Moral courage was one of his noblest virtues. AsMahatma Gandhi challenged the British Empire withouta sword and won, Martin Luther King, Jr., challenged theinterracial wrongs of his country without a gun. He hadfaith to believe that he would win the battle for socialjustice. I make bold to assert that it took more couragefor Martin Luther to practice nonviolence than it took hisassassin to fire the fatal shot. The assassin is a coward:he committed his dastardly deed and fled. When MartinLuther disobeyed an unjust law, he accepted the conséquences of his action. He never ran away and he neverbegged for mercy. He returned to the Birmingham jail toserve his time.Perhaps he was more courageous than soldiers whofight and die on the battlefield. There is an élément ofcompulsion in their dying. But when Martin Luther faceddeath again and again, and finally embraced it, there wasno external pressure. He was acting on an inner urgethat drove him on. More courageous than those who advo-cate violence as a way out, for they carry weapons ofdestruction for défense. But Martin Luther faced the dogs,the police, jail, heavy criticism, and finally death, and henever carried a gun, not even a pocket knife to défendhimself. He had only his faith in a just God to rely on;and the belief that "thrice is he armed who has his quarrelsjust." The faith that Browning writes about when he says:"One who never turned his back, but marched breastforward; Never doubted that clouds would break; Neverdreamed that right though worsted wrong would triumph;Held we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better, sleep towake."Coupled with moral courage was Martin Luther's ca-pacity to love people. Though deeply committed to a pro-gram of freedom for Negroes, he had a love and a deepconcern for ail kinds of people. He drew no distinction between the high and the low; none between the rich and thepoor. He believed especially that he was sent to championthe cause of the man farthest down. He would probablyhâve said, if death had to corne, I am sure there was nogreater cause to die for than fighting to get a just wage for garbage collecter s. He was supra race, supra nationsupra dénomination, supra class, and supra culture. Hebelonged to the world and to mankind. Now he belongsto posterity.But there is a dichotomy in ail this. This man was lovedby some and hated by others. If any man knew the meaning of suffering, Martin Luther knew. House bombed*living day by day for thirteen years under constant threatsof death; maliciously accused of being a Communist; falselyaccused of being insincere and seeking the limelight forhis own glory; stabbed by a member of his own race;slugged in a hôtel lobby; jailed thirty times; occasionallydeeply hurt because friends betrayed him — and yet thisman had no bitterness in his heart, no rancor in his soûl,no revenge in his mind; and he went up and down thelength and breadth of this world preaching nonviolenceand the redemptive power of love. He believed with ailof his heart, mind, and soûl that the way to peace andbrotherhood is through nonviolence, love, and suffering.He was severely criticized^ for his opposition to the warin Vietnam. It must be said, however, that one could hardlyexpect a prophet of King's commitments to advocate non-violence at home and violence in Vietnam. Nonviolenceto King was total commitment not only in solving theproblems of race in the United States, but in solving theproblems of the world.k^/urely this man was called of God to his work. If Amosand Micah were prophets in the eighth century, B.C.,Martin Luther King, Jr., was a prophet in the twentiethcentury. If Isaiah was called of God to prophesy in hisday, Martin Luther was called of God to prophesy in thisday. If Hosea was sent to preach love and forgivenesscenturies ago, Martin Luther was sent to expound thedoctrine of nonviolence and forgiveness in the third quar-ter of the twentieth century. If Jésus was called to preachthe Gospel to the poor, Martin Luther was called to bringdignity to the common man. If a prophet is one whointerprets in clear and intelligible language the will of God,Martin Luther King, Jr., fits that désignation. If a prophetis one who does not seek popular causes to espouse, but16rather the causes which he thinks are right, Martin Lutherqualifies on that score.No! He was not ahead of his time. No man is aheadof his time. Every man is within his time. Each man mustrespond to the call of God in his lifetime and not in some-body else's time. Jésus had to respond to the call of God inthe first century, not in the twentieth century. He hadbut one life to live. Jésus couldn't wait. How long do youthink Jésus would hâve had to wait for the constitutedauthorities to accept him? Twenty-five years? A hundredyears? A thousand? Never? He died at thirty-three. Hecouldn't wait. Paul, Copernicus, Martin Luther the Protestant reformer, Gandhi and Nehru couldn't wait for anothertime. They had to act in their lifetimes. No man is aheadof his time. Abraham staying with his country in obédienceto God's call; Moses leading a rebellious people to thePromised Land; Jésus dying on a cross; Galileo on hisknees recanting at seventy; Lincoln dying of an assassin'sbullet; Woodrow Wilson crusading for a League of Nations; Martin Luther King, Jr., fighting for justice forgarbage collectors — none of thèse men were ahead of theirtime. With them the time is always ripe to do that whichis right and that which needs to be done.Too bad, you say, Martin Luther King, Jr., died soyoung. I feel that way, too. But, as I hâve said many timesbefore, it isn't how long one lives, but how well. Jésusdied at 33; Joan of Arc at 19; Byron and Burns at 36;Keats and Marlow at 29; Shelley at 30; Dunbar before35; John Fitzgerald Kennedy at 46; William Rainey Harperat 49; and Martin Luther King, Jr., at 39. It isn't howlong but how well.We ail pray that the assassin will be apprehended andbrought to justice. But, make no mistake, the Americanpeople are in part responsible for Martin Luther King'sdeath. The assassin heard enough condemnation of Kingand of Negroes to feel that he had public support. Heknew that there were millions of people in the UnitedStates who wished that King was dead. He had support.The Memphis officiais must bear some of the guilt forMartin Luther's assassination. The strike should hâve beensettled several weeks ago. The lowest-paid men in oursociety should not hâve to strike to get a décent wage.A century after Emancipation, and after the enactment ofthe 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, it should not hâve been necessary for Martin Luther King, Jr., to stagemarches in Montgomery, Birmingham, and Selma, and goto jail thirty times trying to achieve for his people thoserights which people of lighter hue get by virtue of the factthat they are born white. We, too, are guilty of murder.It is a time for the American people to repent and makedemocracy equally applicable to ail Americans. What canwe do? We, and not the assassin, we and not the preju-dieed, we and not the apostles of hâte, we hère today repre-sent America at its best. We hâve the power to makedemocracy function so that Martin Luther King and hiskind will not hâve to march.y T hat can we do? If we love Martin Luther King andrespect him, as this crowd surely testifies, let us see to itthat he did not die in vain; let us see to it that we do notdishonor his name by trying to solve our problems throughrioting in the streets. Violence was foreign to his nature.He warned that continued riots could produce a fasciststate. But let us see to it also that the conditions that causeriots are promptly removed, as the Président of the UnitedStates is trying to get us to do. Let black and white alikesearch their hearts; and if there be préjudice in our heartsagainst any racial or ethnie group, let us exterminate it,and let us pray, as Martin Luther would pray if he could:Father, forgive them for they know not what they do. If wedo this, Martin Luther King, Jr., will hâve died a redemp-tive death from which ail mankind will benefit. MorehouseCollège will never be the same because Martin Luthercame by hère; and the nation and the world will be indebtedto him for centuries to corne. It is natural, therefore, thatwe hère at Morehouse, and Président Gloster, would wantto memorialize him to serve as an inspiration to ail students who study in this center.I close by saying to you what Martin Luther King, Jr.,believed: // physical death was the priée to pay to ridAmerica of préjudice and injustice, nothing could be moreredemptive. And, to paraphrase the words of the immortalJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy, permit me to say that MartinLuther King, Jr.'s, unfinished work on earth must truly beour own. ?17Quadranaie newsMore UC Experiments in OrbitTwo cosmic ray detectors built at theUniversity are now in orbit aboard aspace-probe satellite launched from CapeKennedy, March 4, by the NationalAeronautics and Space Administration.The OGO-E satellite is part of theOrbiting Geophysical Observatory sériesand is the twenty-first successful spacevehicle to carry expérimental equipmentfrom the University's Laboratory forAstrophysics and Space Research.The current experiments are under thedirection of John A. Simpson and PeterMeyer, both Professors of Physics andin the Enrico Fermi Institute.The instrument in the Simpson experi-ment gathers data on the nuclei of chemi-cal éléments formed by cosmic radiation.Meyer's experiment counts cosmic rayélectrons. Information from OGO-E istransmitted by radio to receivers onEarth.The OGO-E moves in a highly eccen-tric (cigar-shaped) orbit "anchored" tothe earth at one end and extending farinto interplanetary space at the other.A space vehicle must be used for theexperiments because the atmosphère andmagnetic field make such studies impossible from the Earth's surface, Meyersaid. The studies take advantage ofheightened solar activity now évident asthe sun approaches the peak of its eleven-year cycle. Experiments aboard theOGO-E will observe the corrélation between the increased solar activity's ex-tent and its influence upon cosmic rays.Student "Fun Project"Is Big BusinessJeffrey F. Jaffe, a senior économiesmajor who, he says, would rather be hisown boss than work for someone else,has teamed up with a University of Illinois engineering student to turn a twenty-five dollar investment into a $100,000business.Jaffe and his partner, Alan Halpern,publish Horizons in Engineering, a mag azine of company and government re-cruitment ads for graduating engineers.The first issue, in 1966-67 académie year,grossed $3,500. Last year the gross was$25,000, and $100,000 is expected bynext year.Halpern decided to publish Horizonsin 1966 and called on Jaffe, his home-town friend from Dan ville, 111., for helpbecause of Jaffe's business acumen. Thatyear one édition was sent to students atthe University of Illinois. This fall threerégional éditions will reach 40,000 students on sixty campuses. Already 500companies and governmental agencieshâve purchased advertising space.Last year Jaffe and Halpern alsostarted a résumé service for students whowish to contact advertisers. The serviceis free to both students and companies.Over 1,500 résumes hâve been processedand the two are beginning a computer-ized extension of the service.The students hâve formed the HorizonsPublishing Company and plan similarpublications for éducation and businessstudents. A summer job directory forstudents is being distributed this spring.Business is limited mainly to weekendswhen Jaffe travels to the Illinois campusat Urbana. Jaffe plans to enter the Grad-uate School of Business next year andHalpern will go to law school. Jaffe saysthat what started as a "fun project" mayhâve career possibilities.New Institute for Math TeachersAn Institute for Secondary SchoolMathematics Teachers will be establishedhère with the aid of a $111,000 grantfrom the National Science Foundation.Alfred L. Putnam, Professor of Mathematics, will be Director.Up to fifteen experienced mathematicsteachers will be admitted to the Institutefor a year of intensive study in mathematics and éducation, which will lead toa Master of Arts in Teaching. The goalis to develop capacities for leadership inmathematics éducation.Each teacher will receive a stipend of up to $3,000, plus allowances for de-pendents, books, and travel. Participantswill take courses regularly offered in theDepartment of Mathematics and in otherareas related to mathematics, as well asspécial courses in analysis, algebra, andgeometry.The éducation portion of the programwill concentrate on curriculum, educa-tidhal technology, and urban schools.The University offered NSF Institutesin 1957-58 and 1958-59 and NSF Summer Institutes in 1957 and 1958. TheMAT program in mathematics has beenoffered jointly by the Department ofMathematics and the Graduate School ofEducation since 1960.Simpson Charges Space-BudgetCuts "Kill" Vital ResearchCuts in the space budgets are "killingthe whole drive, the whole thrust" ofscientific exploration in space, ProfessorJohn A. Simpson warned a Senate committee, April 24.The momentum of science and the production of future scientific talent in thiscountry hâve been drastically reduced,according to Simpson, the Edward L.Ryerson Distinguished Service Professorof Physics. He warned that if this momentum is not restored scientific enter-prise will "perish in many fields."Simpson joined three other scientists inpetitioning the Senate Aeronautical andSpace Sciences Committee to restorefunds eut by a House Committee fromthe budget requests of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for thefiscal year 1969.Last year Congress eut the agency'srequest for funds by about twenty-sevenpercent. Simpson said this représentée "aloss of somewhere between fifty to seventypercent in terms of effective researchresults."Simpson has had to dismiss thirty percent of his space staff in the last ninemonths. Thèse scientists, engineers, andgraduate students hâve préparée spacephysics experiments for twenty-two suc-18çessful space-probe missions, includingthe historié soil analyses made on themoon's surface.The cuts with which the scientists areconcernée total only $22 million out ofa total civilian space budget of more than$4 billion. But this, they say, is the "seedmoney" for vital scientific exploration ofspace in the nineteen-seventies."Thèse are very small cuts, not significant in the larger picture," Simpsonsaid. "But they are simply killing thewhole drive, the whole thrust."Unless we move fast, we are goingto lose the dedication of a whole génération. In the last ten years we hâvebeen able to attract the cream of thegraduate schools, the boys who used to gointo high-energy physics and such things.Now they are already beginning to driftoff into other fields because they see nomoney for missions in space."Simpson said this crisis cornes after adécade of "dramatic discoveries" and"radical changes in thought" resultingfrom space exploration. And, he said, theresults came from "taking only a shortstep beyond the doorstep of the earth,"while most of the solar System is stillunexplored.University Withdraws from IDAUnder date of May 6, the Universitynotified the Institute for Défense Analysesof its décision to terminate its corporatemembership and association with IDA.The University was subsequently in-formed by the gênerai counsel of IDAthat pro forma action to accept the University's résignation would be taken bythe Board of Trustées of IDA at theirnext meeting, June 4.The University became a member ofIDA in 1961. In October 1967, PrésidentBeadle named a faculty committee underthe chairmanship of Julian R. Goldsmith,Professor and Chairman of the Department of Geophysical Sciences, to review'his affiliation. On February 13, 1968,"le committee recommended that theUniversity's corporate association with Husband-wife law team: Mrs. Martha Field Alschuler, JD'68, is a newly-selected law clerkto Abe Fortas, Associate Justice of the U. S. Suprême Court. Her husband, Albert W. Alschuler, also a lawyer, has been preparing a book on criminal procédure under the auspicesof the University's Center for Studies in Criminal Justice. U. S. Suprême Court clerkshipsare among the highest honors a law graduate can receive.19IDA be terminated. The Council of theUniversity Senate voted on March 12 toaccept the recommendation. Followingthe directives of the Goldsmith Report,and even before its adoption by theCouncil on March 12, the University began exploration of ways in which IDAcould "consider a change in its corporatestructure," and "initiated discussion withthe administrative heads of the othereleven universities, realizing that this ac-tivity may take some time." In consultation with other institutions, the Universityconsidered a suggestion that, while ceas-ing to be a member trustée, the Universityshould agrée to designate a senior officerto be a trustée of IDA in his own ca-pacity and responsibility. On April 22,the University notified IDA that it did notregard this suggestion to be within thespirit of the Council's resolution. TheUniversity pointed out that IDA couldalways elect a member of The Universityof Chicago as a trustée if IDA chose to doso and the member agreed to serve. Suchservice conforms to ordinary customs re-garding extracurricular activities by University members.Perkins Mémorial Fund EstablishedThe John Forbes Perkins, Jr. Mémorial Fund of the American Physiologi-cal Society has been established by thelate Physiology Professor's family andfriends to aid and encourage enterprisesin physiology which hâve cultural aswell as scientific merit. Professor Perkinsdied in August, 1966. Persons wishing tomake a gift or bequest should contactDr. Ray G. Daggs, Executive Secretary-Treasurer of the American PhysiologicalSociety, 9650 Rockville Place, Bethesda,Maryland 20014.Brozen Tells Exec Program ClubMinimum Wage CausesUnemploymentThe new higher minimum wage willdecrease the income of the nation's poor-est workers, predicted Yale Brozen, Pro fessor of Business Economies at the Graduate School of Business, in a récentspeech to 400 businessmen at a luncheonsponsored by the GSB Executive ProgramClub.The Fédéral minimum wage rose to$1.60 per hour on February 1. "By rais-ing it, we are foreclosing opportunity forNegro teen-agers who cannot get the jobswhere they could learn the skills thatwould enable them to earn far more thanthe minimum," said Brozen. Thus theminimum wage law has increased ratherthan decreased poverty in America, andis a direct cause of urban riots.Linking the statutory minimum wageto rioting in slums, Brozen cited twotrends: (1) The growing incidence ofunemployment among Negro maie teen-agers since 1956, when the minimumwage jumped to $1 an hour; and (2)increased migration into Northern cityghettos as the minimum wage reducedemployment in Southern and rural areas.Brozen said that before the Fair LaborStandards Act amendment of 1955 raisedthe minimum hourly wage to $1 in 1956,unemployment among non-white andwhite maie teen-agers was roughly thesame— ranging between eight percent andfourteen percent, depending on the stateof the economy. Since 1956, however,unemployment among non-white teen-agemaies has been 50 to 150 percent higherthan among white teen-age maies.Brozen cited other examples of "ob-viously true économie statements that arefalse." For example, the "truth" thattariffs protect living levels of Americanworkers in compétition with lower-paidforeigners. Instead, said Brozen, tariffshâve prevented Americans from obtain-ing the better-paid jobs in our exportindustries. Jobs in protected industries inthe U.S. average $2 to $2.50 an hour, hesaid, while jobs in our unprotected exportindustries pay $3 to $5 an hour.The urban renewal program, which"obviously" is intended to benefit slumdwellers, said Brozen, has reduced thesupply of housing available to the poorand forced them to pay higher rentals. Microbiologist on Track ofNew Anti-Cholera VaccineAn immunizing agent which may bedeveloped to fight choiera has been pro-duced by William Burrows, Professor ofMicrobiology. Burrows' antitoxin hasdrawn great interest from the WorldHealth Organization. The disease hasspread from Southeast Asia into theMiddle East and is now near Europe.The anticholera vaccine now in use isnot fully effective. "It is an antibacterialagent which can combat the choiera bac-teria for up to four months," Burrowsexplained, "but it doesn't provide im-munization."Choiera is spread through impure drink-ing water or food and primarily attackspoor people in overpopulated countries.Once in the body the bacteria infect theintestine, where they produce a toxinwhich causes severe vomiting and diar-rhea. The disease is fatal for half or moreof those untreated.Burrows' breakthrough came from thefinding that some people carry and transmit choiera but are themselves immune."When such people were discovered,"said Burrows, "I realized that a naturalanti-toxin must exist to protect them."The problem was to induce the bodiesof non-carriers to produce the antitoxin.Burrows found that the disease couldbe produced in rabbits with toxin alone,without introducing the bacteria. By taking a blood sample from a human carrierand testing it in toxic rabbits, Burrowswas able to measure the carrier's antitoxin protection.He found that "by preparing the toxinas a highly purified substance which produces little or no reaction when used forinoculation of man, we can inducè theproduction of as much antitoxin as ifthere were actual infection."Thus, controlled doses of the choieratoxin can be injected in humans to initiatethe production of antitoxin. While thefinal development of the immunizingagent is yet to be done, Burrows hasdemonstrated that it is possible.20peoplePaul Badura - Skoda, internationallyrenowned pianist, performed a concert ofworks by Beethoven and Schubert inMandel Hall, April 5. He is a professorof musicology at the University of Wis-consin.Dr. William R. Barclay, Professor ofMedicine, in March went on a three-weekgoodwill mission to the Philippines, SouthVietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia. Themission was designed to bring the latestmethods in treating heart and pulmonarydisease to physicians in those four coun-tries. It was sponsored by the AmericanCollège of Cardiology and the U.S. Department of State.Ernst Benz, professor of Ecclesiasticaland Dogmatic History at Philipp University at Marburg on the Lahn, Hesse, WestGermany, spoke on "Co-existence of Religions as Seen by Christians and Non-Christians" at the Divinity School, March28. Benz is an expert in Russian languageand literature and has done extensivework in Russian ecclesiastical and intel-lectual history.Brian J. L. Berry, Professor of Geog-raphy, has been appointed to the Committee on Social and Behavioral UrbanResearch to advise the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The Committee is in the Divisionof the Behavioral Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council.Darrel Bock, Professor of Educationand Psychology, is one of three Chicagofaculty members on an international teamof thirteen scientific investigators that willstudy the ability of Eskimos to thrive intheir native environment, one of the mosthostile on Earth. The other two investigators are Dr. Albert Dahlberg, ResearchAssociate in Anthropology and ActingDirector of the Walter G. Zoller Mémorial Dental Clinic, and Benson E. Gins-burg, the William Rainey Harper Professorof Biology in the Collège and Professorin the Division of Biological Sciences.The study has been made possible by arécent agreement between the UnitedStates, Canada, Denmark, and France.Jerald C. Brauer, Professor and Dean of the Divinity School, is editor of TheImpact of the Church upon Its Culture,a study of the character of Christianityand its ability to transcend and form itsenvironment as well as to be formed byit. The book, Volume II in Essays inDivinity, was published in March by TheUniversity of Chicago Press.Virgil Burnett, Assistant Professor ofArt, and James O'Reilly, Director of theUniversity and Court Théâtres, presenteda dramatized lecture, telling the story ofShakespeare's King Lear from the King'spoint of view, at a Saturday Seminar forhigh school students on March 30. Approximately 200 students from fifty highschools in Illinois, Indiana, and Michiganattended the seminar in the Oriental Institute. Dramatic readings from parts ofthe play were synchronized with coloredslides to portray what might transpire inLear's mind.Morrel H. Cohen, Professor in theJames Franck Institute and the Department of Physics, has edited Superconduc-tivity in Science and Technology, whichwill be published in May by The University of Chicago Press. The book con-tains the edited proceedings of a 1966conférence on superconductivity heldhère.Peter F. Dembowski, Associate Professor of French, delivered a paper onapplications of modem critical ap-proaches to the Old French epic at thetwelfth International Congress of Romance Philology and Linguistics in Bu-char est, Romania, April 20.Mircea Eliade has been awarded theChristian Culture Award Gold Medal for1968. Eliade is the Sewell L. Avery Dis-tinguished Service Professor and Professor of History of Religions in the DivinitySchool. The award is bestowed annuallyby the University of Windsor, Ontario,Canada, to an "outstanding lay-exponentof Christian ideals."William E. Henry was project directorof the First Annual National Conférenceon Suicidology sponsored by a fédéralgrant to the University, March 20. Henryis Professor and Chairman of the Committee on Human Development and Pro fessor in the Department of Psychology.Also representing the University wereRobert J. Havighurst, Professor Emeritusof Education and Human Development,and David Bakan, Professor of Psychology and in the Collège. The thème ofthe conférence, held at the Conrad HiltonHôtel, was related to the recently trans-lated book, On Suicide, which contains atranscript of the 1910 symposium atwhich Freud presided.Martin D. Kamen, '33, PhD'36, professor of chemistry at the University ofCalifornia at San Diego, is the HowardL. Willett Visiting Professor in the Collège for the Spring Quarter. He is one ofthe world's foremost investigators in theuse of isotopic tracers for the study ofbasic biochemical mechanisms. The radioactive isotope of carbon, C-14, wasdiscovered by Kamen, working with S.Ruben, in 1940.Mancur Oison, Jr., Deputy AssistantSecretary for Social Indicators in theDepartment of Health, Education, andWelfare, spoke on "Social Indicators" atthe Oriental Institute, April 16. His speechdealt with the criteria for public intervention, the character of public programs,their methods of establishing goals, andthe means through which programs canbe assessed to détermine their effective-ness. It was the second of a séries oflectures evaluating social problems, sponsored by the Center for Urban Studies.Valentine A. Telegdi, Professor ofPhysics and in the Enrico Fermi Institute,has been elected to membership in theNational Academy of Sciences.Sidney Verba, an expert in comparative political Systems, will join the facultyas Professor of Political Science on Jan-uary 1, 1969. Verba is professor of political science at Stanford University anddirector of the Cross-National Programin Political and Social Change, which hasgathered parallel data on political development and change in the UnitedStates, Japan, Nigeria, and India. He alsois studying public opinion in relation toAmerican foreign policy and is workingon theoretical problems associated withpolitical development.21Alumni NewsCLUB NEWSChicagoThe Contemporary Chamber Players,directed by Ralph Shapey, AssociateProfessor of Music, presented Shapey's"Partita-Fantasy for Cello and 16 Instruments" at Mandel Hall, April 20. Shapey'swork, premiered on the preceding eve-ning, is a Koussevitzky Commission forthe Library of Congress. In the secondpart of the program the CCP presenteda full-stage performance of Igor Stra-vinsky's ballet, "Histoire du Soldat." A .réception for alumni and performersfollowed.San FranciscoJerald C. Brauer, Professor and Deanof the Divinity School, spoke on "WhatIs Happening in Religion" at Grâce Ca-thedral, April 3. A réception followed.Brauer's fields of interest are religiousfreedom as a human right and the rela-tionship between religion and politics.New YorkStudents admitted to the Collège andtheir parents were guests at an informairéception at the Tavern On The Green,April 21. Also attending were AnthonyT. G. Pallett, Director of Admissions;Herman L. Sinaiko, Associate Professorof Humanities and Student Adviser forthe Committee on General Studies; andC. Ranlet Lincoln, Director of AlumniAffairs.James H. Lorie discussed "Science andSecurities: Récent Findings on Securi-ties, Portfolios, and Markets" at the Harvard Club, April 19. Lorie is Professorof Business Aâministration in the Graduate School of Business and Director ofthe Center for Research in SecurityPriées (sponsored by Merrill Lynch,Pierce, Fenner, and Smith, Inc.). A réception preceded the talk.PhoenixJerald C. Brauer, Professor and Deanof the Divinity School, discussed "What Is Happening in Religion" at Del Webb'sTowne House, April 5. A réception followed. Brauer's fields of interest are religious freedom as a human right and therelationship between religion arîd politics^Davenport, IowaGeorge R. Hughes introduced andcommented on the award-winning film,"The Egyptologists," at the DavenportPublic Muséum, April 19. A réceptionfollowed. Hughes is Professor of Egyp-tology arid Associate Director of theOriental Institute.DétroitArnold R. Weber, Professor and Director of Research in the Graduate Schoolof Business, spoke on "New Pressures onOld Problems" following a dinner atStouffer's Northland Inn in Southfield,April 23.La Porte County, IndianaGeorge R. Hughes introduced and commented on the award-winning film, "TheEgyptologists," at the North CentralCampus, Purdue University, April 28.Hughes is Professor of Egyptology andAssociate Director of the Oriental Institute.ClevelandMrs. F. C. (Alice Lee) Loweth, '11,reviewed William D. Ellis' The Cuyahogafollowing a luncheon at Gwinn, Bra-tenahl, Ohio, March 9.IndianapolisGeorge R. Hughes introduced andcommented on the award-winning film,The Egyptologists, at the IndianapolisWorld War Mémorial Auditorium, March29. Hughes is Professor of Egyptologyand Associate Director of the OrientalInstitute He will become Director inJuly.TulsaJames E. Miller, Jr., Professor of En-glish, spoke on The Quest Absurd: TheNew American Novel at the PetroleumClub, March 8. A cocktail hour anddinner preceded the talk. John F. Moulds, '07, retired executive for the University and for PomonaCollège, Claremont, California, diedJan. 17, 1968. He became widelyknown in American collège fund-rais-ing circles during his thirty-nine-yearcareer at Chicago and his twelve yearsat Pomona. He helped organize Chicago alumni groups in ail parts of thecountry and he directed a Chicago development campaign from 1924 to1926. For the last eighteen years before his retirement, he was secretary ofthe board of trustées of both the University and of Rush Médical Collège.He also was a trustée of the BaptistTheological Union and a member ofthe governing board of the DivinitySchool. 23Frances A. Mullen, '23, AM'27, PhD-'39, is editor of International Psycholo-gist, the quarterly newsletter of the International Council of Psychologists.24Martin L. Faust, PhD'24, ProfessorEmeritus of Political Science at the University of Missouri, was honored at atestimonial dinner upon his retirementafter thirty-eight years of service, May20.Irwin Fischer, '24, composer, teacher,and conductor, is co-author of a newbook, Handbook of Modal Counterpoint(Free Press). He was profiled in theMay, 1967, issue of the Winnetka, 111.,Talk. 26M. S. Handler, '26, writes that he ison leave from the New York Times andis the Edward R. Murrow Journalist-in-Residence at the Fletcher School of Lawand Diplomacy, Tufts University, Med-ford, Mass.' 28 Rufus Oldenburger, '28, SM'30, Phl>22'34, director of the Automatic ControlCenter and professor of mechanical engineering at Purdue University, has re-ceived an award from the InternationalFédération of Automatic Control for hispioneering rôle in mechanical engineering. He also received the Excellence inDocumentation Award and the Education Award from the Instrument Societyof America.Kenneth A. Rouse, '28, director ofrehabilitation services at Kemper Insurance Group of Chicago, was guest speakerat a récent meeting of the Duluth (Minn.)Center on Problem Drinking.30 ~Lucile Gustafson, AM'30, has been re-elected secretary to the board of Wau-bonsee (111.) Community Collège, District 516.E. Harold Hallows, JD'30, has beennamed Chief Justice of the WisconsinSuprême Court.Léo Rosten, '30, PhD'37, has writtenA Most Private Intrigue (Fawcett Publications, Inc.), his first suspense novel.Rosten is the author of Captain Newman,M.D. and The Education of H*Y*-M*A *N K*A *P*L*A *N. He also writesa feature column for Look magazine andis a faculty associate at Columbia University in New York.32 ~~Earl S. Johnson, AM'32, PhD'41, gavethe first lecture of the Kermit Eby Mémorial Fund at Manchester Collège, NewManchester, Ind., January 15. Johnsonis Visiting Professor in the School ofEducation at the University of Wisconsin/Milwaukee and Professor Emeritus ofSocial Sciences at Chicago.Louis "Studs" Terkel, '32, JD'34, andMorris H. Philipson, '49, AM'52, werepresented awards at the 1968 annualawards dinner of the Society of MidlandAuthors. Terkel is moderator of a notedinterview program on WFMT in Chicago. He received the $500 ChicagoPublisher's Award for his book, DivisionStreet: America. Morris Philipson, Di rector of the University of Chicago Press,received the $500 Clara Ingram JudsonMémorial Award for his biography ofLéo Tolstoy for young readers, TheCount Who Wished He Were a Peasant. 34Benjamin O. Davis, X'34, lieutenantgênerai in the U.S. Air Force, has beenplaced in command of the 13th Air Forcein the Philippines. He previously servedin Korea as chief of staff of both theUnited States Forces and the UN command there.36 ~~Edward B. Cantor, MD'36, of Sher-man Oaks, Calif., recently presented hisfilm, "Abdominovaginal Approach toStress Incontinence," at the University ofLausanne in Switzerland, the Universityof Rome, and the Paris Obstétrical andGynecological Society.C. A. De Bruin, X'36, is Director ofDeferred Giving for Central Collège,Pella, Iowa.Willard G. De Young, MD'36, hasbeen appointed Director of Médical Education and Coordinator of Out PatientServices at the Illinois Central Hospital,Chicago.Ellis K. Fields, SB'36, PhD'38, a seniorresearch associate at the Whiting, Ind.,laboratories of Amoco Chemicals Corporation, presented a paper on "Oxidationof Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Alcoholsand Aldéhydes" at an International Oxidation Symposium in San Francisco last fall.Mrs. James L. Godfrey, AM'36, PhD-'57, provincial représentative to the General Division of Women's Work, recentlyaddressed the annual convention of theEpiscopal Churchwomen of the Diocèseof South Carolina.Bill Haarlow, X'36, a University of Chicago basketball star in the 1930's, has re-signed as supervisor of Big Ten basketballafter seventeen years of service. Mr. Haarlow is a gênerai manager for the IllinoisBell Téléphone Company.Robert L. Oshins, '36, has been named adirector of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna, Aus-tria. Mr. and Mrs. Oshins and their threesons will be living in Europe for the nexttwo years.Dorothy Ulrich Troubetzkoy, '36, author, teacher, and producer of radio andtélévision programs, has been electedprésident of the National Fédération ofPress Women, Inc.38Leona Marshall Libby, '38, PhD'43, amember of the science faculty at theUniversity of Colorado in Boulder, wasprofiled in the Dec. 4, 1967, issue ofNewsweek. She was the only womanprésent at the first self-sustaining nuclearchain reaction achieved by Enrico Fermiand his associâtes at Stagg Field on Dec.2, 1942. A PhD candidate in physics atthe time, her assignment was to gaugeneutron counts. She is married to NobelPrize chemist Willard Libby.40Duncan Littlefair, PhD'40, pastor ofthe Fountain Street Church, GrandRapids Mich., was featured in the Febru-ary, 1968, issue of Look magazine as aprominent figure in the program, "Sensi-tivity Training," a form of group therapybringing police and black militants to-gether peacefully in Grand Rapids. Theprogram is sponsored by Scientific Resources Inc., N.J.42 ~~Donald C. Bergus, '42, is the American ambassador to Egypt "in everythingbut name," according to a récent APrelease. He heads the Spanish Embassy'sAmerican Interests Section, which re-placed the U.S. Embassy when Egyptbroke off relations with the United Statesat the outbreak of war with Israël. Bergusalso is the duly acknowledged U.S. consul gênerai. On January 30, PrésidentJohnson accorded him the personal rankof Minister.Richard Himmel, X'42, an interior designer, was profiled in the September,1967, issue of Home Furnishings Daily.23Blossom Levin, '42, a designer for Society Lingerie Co., Inc., of Michigan City,Ind., was profiled in the Sept. 12, 1967,issue of that city's News Dis patch. 44Reginald V. Hobbah, PhD'44, formersenior economist in the Technical AnalysisDivision in the Institute of Applied Technology of the National Bureau of Standards, has been appointed a researchscientist with the Connecticut ResearchCommission.Berrice McDonald, AM'44, has beennamed director of médical social servicesfor the Mile Square Health Center ofPresbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital in Chicago. 46John Betts, AM'46, PhD'54, historyteacher at Niles (111.) East high school,is co-author with Jack Allen of the text-book, History, U.S. A., which was published last spring.B. Everard Blanchard, AM'46, has beenappointed Coordinator of the GraduatePrograms Office at DePaul University,Chicago. Mr. Blanchard writes that he hashad two standardized tests published; theIllinois Index of Scholastic Aptitude andthe Illinois Ratings of Teacher Effective-ness.Albert H. Friedlander, '46, has editedOut of the Whirlwinds: A Reader of Holo-caust Literature (Doubleday & Co., Inc.) .The book is a documentary of the Hitlerera and includes works by Anne Frank,Rolf Hochhuth, and Bruno Bettelheim. 47Kenneth K. Atkins, MBA'47, has beennamed executive offiQer of Vermont StateHospital.Warner Bloomberg, Jr., PhB'47, AM'50,PhD'61, professor of urban affairs at theUniversity of Wisconsin, spoke on "TheSchool as a Community" at a récent meeting for faculty members of Flossmoorand Homewood, 111., elementary and highschools. Logan J. Fox, AM'47, an instructor inpsychology at El Camino (Calif .) Collège,has been awarded his PhD in éducationfrom the University of Southern Califor-nia's Graduate School.Donald J. Glotzer, PhB'47, SB'50,MD'52, has been appointed associate director of the Outpatient Department andEmergency Unit at the Beth Israël Hospital, Boston, Mass., and clinical associateat Harvard Médical School.Lois Headings, '47, book editor ofBusiness Horizons, the quarterly journalof the Indiana University School of Business, spoke on "Ayn Rand and the Cuitof John Galt" at a récent meeting of thePeople's Forum, co-sponsored by theschool's sociology department.Julius B. Kahn, Jr., '47, SM'47, PhD'49,professor of pharmacology at Northwestern University, has been named chairmanof the department of pharmacology inNU's médical and dental schools.Mrs. Robert Koenig, AM'47, past président of the Interschool Council, LowerMerion Township, Pa., spoke on "ThèseSchools Are Ours" at a récent meeting ofthe Main Line Business and ProfessionalWomen's Club in the Haverford Hôtel,Byrn Mawr, Pa.Robert E. Martin, AM'47, professor oféducation at Fredonia (N.Y.) State University collège, spoke on "Individual Différences in Children" at a récent luncheonmeeting of the Brooks Hospital Women'sauxiliary, Dunkirk, N.Y. 48Cari H. Abraham, MBA'48, has beenappointed "mayor" of the Carnegie district in New York City by the League ofLocality Mayors. The local mayorshipswere established to work with citizens'groups to provide swift communicationwith the city mayor on community mat-ters.A. P. Altshuller, SB'48, head of theChemical and Physical Research and Development Program, National Center forAir Pollution Control, Public Health Service, in Cincinnati, Ohio, wrote an article,"Air Pollution," for the April, 1967, issue of Analytical Chemistry.Wallace L. Anderson, PhD'48, dean ofundergraduate studies and professor ofEnglish at State Collège of Iowa, has beenawarded a Guggenheim Fellowship to col-lect, edit, and prépare for publication theletters of the American poet, Edwin Ar-lington Robinson.George Anastaplo, '48, JD'51, PhD'64,lecturer in the Libéral Arts Collège atChicago and also associate professor ofpolitical science and philosophy at RosaryCollège, River Forest, 111., writes that herecently had the honor of introducingProfessor Léo Strauss, the retiring RobertMaynard Hutchins Distinguished ServiceProfessor in Political Science, at Strauss'sfarewell lecture.Bernard Brunner, AM'48, PhD'51, haswritten a novel, The Face of Night (Frederick Fell, Inc.). He also wrote U-235,scheduled for publication in August, 1968.He is associate professor of English atDePaul University in Chicago.Robert V. Cole, AM'48, chief psychol-ogist for the Thornton (111.) Township Spécial Education and Public School Association, headed a récent workshop séries on"Character Building in Our Children,"sponsored by the PTA's of the elementaryschools in Illinois School District 152.Gordon Donaldson, MBA'48, professorof business administration at HarvardBusiness School, has had an article published in the April issue of the FinancialExecutive, "Financial Management in anAffluent Society."Dorothy Ford, AM'48, has been appointed a school social worker by theElgin (111.) School District.Thomas F. Freeman, PhD'48, professorof Philosophy at Texas Southern University in Houston, has been named directorof alumni affairs of Alpha Kappa MuHonor Society there.John M. Hirschfield, AM'48, PhD'57,has been named professor of the historyof western culture at Park Collège, Park-ville, Mo.Richard W. Mattoon, PhD'48, head ofthe chemical physics laboratory at AbbottLaboratories in Chicago, received a Merit24Award from the Chicago Technical So-cieties Council on Nôvember 14.Mrs. James A. McQuail, Jr., AM'48,has been elected président of the YWCAof Greater West Chester, Pa.Delvin M. Parker, AM'48, PhD'53,has been appointed professor in the foreign language department at Illinois StateUniversity, Normal, 111.Lawrence W. Rabb, JD'48, writes thathe was one of fifty guests of the WestGerman Government last Nôvember toobserve the results of the Marshall Planon its 20th anniversary. He visited Bonn,Frankfurt, Munich, Berlin and Hamburg. 49James R. Frakes, AM'49, has been pro-moted to professor in the English department at Lehigh University, Bethlehem,Pa.G. Wayne Glick, AM'49, PhD'57, président of Keuka Collège, Keuka Park, N.Y.,has written a new book, The Reality ofChristianity (Harper and Row).Erving Goffman, AM'49, PhD'53, professor of sociology at the University ofCalifornia at Berkeley, has written a newbook, Interaction Ritual, Essays on Face-To-Face Behavior (Doubleday & Company, Inc.).John I. Goodlad, PhD'49, professor oféducation at UCLA and Director of theUCLA University Elementary School, hasbeen named Dean of the University ofCalifornia's School of Education.Raymond L. Gorden, AM'49, PhD'54,has been promoted to professor of sociology at Antioch Collège, Yellow Springs,Ohio.Harry E. Groves, JD'49, président ofCentral State University, Wilberforce,Ohio, was guèst speaker at Ohio University's summer commencement exercises.John E. Hurney, AB'49, a major in theU.S. Army Reserve, has been graduatedfrom the Army Command and GeneralStaff Collège at Ft. Leavenworth, Kan.Florence McGuire, AM'49, former Administrative Assistant of the Illinois Chil-dren's Home and Aid Society, is the director of Social Services for Children at The Bensenville Home Society, a voluntaryagency affiliated with the United Churchof Christ of Chicago.Robert A. Plane, SM'49, PhD'5 1 , professor of chemistry at Cornell University, hasbeen named chairman of the ChemistryDepartment there.Eric Schopler, '49, AM'55, PhD'64, director of research development in theChild Psychiatry Unit at the University ofNorth Carolina School of Medicine, hasbeen promoted to associate professor.Kenneth J. Smith, DB'49, leader of thePhiladelphia Society of Ethical Culture,spoke on "Science: An Existentialist Critique'' at a spring meeting of the West-chester Ethical Society in White Plains,N.Y. 50William E. Clark, SB'50, a chemicalengineer at the Research Division of Consolidation Coal Co., Library, Pa., wrotean article, "Fluid-Bed Drying," for theMarch, 1967, issue of Chemical Engineering.Eric Dean, '50, DB'53, PhD'59, Pres-byterian minister and chairman of the De-partments of Philosophy and Religion atWabash Collège, Crawfordsville, Ind., hasannounced plans for a séries of extendedvisits to several Bénédictine monasteriesthis year through a Carnegie grant sponsored by the Great Lakes Collèges Association.William R. Deutsch, AB'50, vicar of St.John's Episcopal Church of Lockport, 111.,has been named part-time professor ofNew Testament Greek at DeAndreisSeminary, Lemont, 111.Harry D. Eshleman, '50, has been promoted to assistant professor of English atKutztown (Pa.) State Collège.David I. Fand, AM'50, PhD'54, formeréconomies professor at New York StateUniversity in Buffalo, has been namedprofessor of économies at Wayne StateUniversity, Détroit.Peter Fong, SM'50, PhD'53, a researchphysicist at Emory University, recentlywas a visiting lecturer at the University ofMissouri, Kansas City, Mo. Herbert Garfinkel, AD'50, PhD'56, isdean of James Madison Collège, EastLansing, Mich., a new semi-autonomousresidentially-based part of Michigan StateUniversity. Also on the faculty are WesleyR. Fishel, PhD'48, political science professor, and Roger E. Kasperson, AM'61,PhD'66, assistant professor of geography.Martin Diamond, AM'50, PhD'56, professor of political science at Claremont(Calif.) Men's Collège, recently was themain speaker at the inaugural convocation which launched the new collège.Nathan Goldman, PhD'50, associateprofessor of sociology at Syracuse (N.Y.)University, spoke on "Cultural ChangesAffecting Personal Relations" at a récentprogram at Trinity Church parish house,Watertown, N.Y.John B. Goodenough, SM'50, PhIT52,a research physicist at M.I.T.'s LincolnLaboratory in Lexington, Mass., is a trustée of the Neurosciences Research Program, an intensive, international jointeffort by eminent scientists in différentfields to advance the understanding of thebrain and the nervous system. He also hasbeen honored with a degree of DocteurHonoris Causa by the University of Bordeaux, France, at the dedication ceremonyof its new Talence-Aessac campus.Richard F. Hamilton, '50, has beennamed associate professor of sociology atthe University of Wisconsin in Madison.Andrew S. Kende, AB'50, has been appointed a research fellow at Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, N.Y., a division ofAmerican Cyanamid Co.Richard T. Kimball, '50, manager ofpersonnel development for the missile andspace division of the General Electric Co.,spoke on personnel development at a récent meeting of the Lancaster-York-Har-risburg Chapter of the Society for Ad-vancement of Management in York, Pa.Gerald Levin, AM'50, associate professor of English at the University of Akron,Ohio, has written a new book, The ShortS tory: An Inductive Approach (Harcourt,Brace & World).Théodore S. Leviton, '50, MBA'52,head of Théodore S. Leviton and Asso-25ciates, management counselling firm, co-authored an article, "A Plan to KeepStrikers At Work," published in the Aprilissue of Commerce.Lewis P. Lipsitt, '50, professor of psychology at Brown University, Providence,R.I., has been named head of the ChildStudy Center there.Edward E. Marcus, AM'50, recentlypromoted to Assistant Director of thePublic Personnel Association in Chicago,spoke on "Middle Management — TheMan in the Middle" at the University ofAlabama's Institute for Public Administration, Mar. 6, 1968. His Association isan advisory agency to advance civil service practices and principles throughoutthe world.Ronald L. Martin, '50, PhD'52, a former Associate Director of the ArgonneParticle Accelerator Division at Argonne(111.) National Laboratory, has been namedDirector of the newly-f ormed AcceleratorDivision at Argonne.51Judith Levin Kovacs, '51, AM'66, wasmarried on Aug. 10, 1967, to Louis Gene-sen, '50, a comptroller for Goldenrod IceCream Co. in Chicago.Hans O. Mauksch, AM'51, PhD'60,was appointed professor of sociology andin thé school of medicine at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Feb. 1,1968. He had been Dean, Collège of Libéral Arts, at the Illinois Institute of Technology for five years. His wife, Ingeborg,AM'57, who is président of the IllinoisLeague for Nursing, is working on a PhDdegree in the Department of Educationat Chicago.52 ~Paul W. Cook, Jr., PhD'52, président ofWabash Collège, Crawfordsville, Ind.,spoke on "The Changing Rôle of Businessin Society" at a récent luncheon meetingof the Central Indiana Better BusinessBureau in Indianapolis.J. A. Dickinson II, AB'52, a Topekaarchitect, has been appointed program administrateur for the Topeka Institute for Urban Affairs, a Washbum Universitycontinuing éducation program.54Richard Johnson, '54, has been namedAssistant Professor of Philosophy atTougaloo (Miss.) Southern ChristianCollège, after serving as Dean of Studentsfor two years.55James K. Fisk, '55, a, former clinicalassistant in pediatrics at NorthwesternUniversity, moved to Cheyenne, Wyo.,last summer where he is practicing pediatrics.Walter L. Walker, '55, has beenawarded a spécial fellowship in the cityplanning and urban studies program ofthe Fédéral Department of Housing andUrban Development in Boston. He alsohas been studying for his doctorate atBrandeis University, Waltham, Mass.,under a two-year government grant.Kenneth Wilcox, MD'55, has beennamed associate director of the MichiganState Public Health Department and chiefof its Bureau of Laboratories. 58Richard H. Davis, '58, AM'59, PhD'65,was named Dean of the School of Education at the University of Wisconsin inMilwaukee, effective July 1, 1968.Donald W. Hamer, MBA'58, chief en-gineer of the state collège plant at Pennsyl-vania State University, has been appointeddirector of the Corporate Materials Research Laboratory to be established atPenn State.Klaus H. Heberle, AM'58, PhD'63, hasbeen appointed an assistant professor ofgovernment and law at Lafayette Collège,Easton, Pa. 60Robert L. Beisner, AM'60, PhD'65, isassociate professor of history at The American University in Washington. He haswritten a new book, Twelve Against Empire: The Anti-lmperialists, 1898-1900 (McGraw-Hill), and received a 1968-1969 Fellowship from the AmericanCouncil of Learned Societies to work ona history of the United States, 1865-1877.Elwood L. Haake, MBA'60, has beennamed a vice président in the trust department of the Northern Trust Company ofChicago.F. Dean Lueking, PhD'60, author, lec-turer, and pastor, delivered the May,1967, baccalaureate address at ConcordiaSenior Collège, Fort Wayne, Ind.Hosea Martin, '60, has written a sériesof articles on organized teenage gangs forThe Evening News, Perth Amboy, N.J.Sheldon D. Parzen, '60, has been appointed to the science faculty at Grinnell(Iowa) Collège.Robert L. Underbrink, AM'60, formerCirculation Librarian at MacMurray Collège, Jacksonville, 111., has been namedHead Librarian at Blackburn Collège,Carlinville, 111.Thomas E. Wenstrand, AM'60, associate professor of social studies and hu-manities at Northern Arizona Universityin Flagstaff, has been awarded a PhDfrom Columbia University.61Robert M. Rosenblatt, '61, a claims examiner with the Civil Service Commission, was the grand prize winner forblack-and-white photographs in TheWashington Star* s 1967 Amateur Snap-shot Contest.Gordon C. Stewart, AM'61, is instruc-tor in dramatic literature and English atAmherst (Mass.) Collège.62Robert H. Graham, SM'62, wasawarded the PhD in physics at PurdueUniversity this year. He is a research fel-low at Syracuse University.Edna Conklin Hineline, AM'62, formerreading consultant and teacher for schooldistrict No. 161 in Flossmoor, 111., hasbeen appointed assistant professor in ateaching training program in the department of éducation at McGill University,Montréal, Canada.26Charles Morrison, AM'62, PhD'65, anassistant professor of anthropology at theUniversity of Rochester (N.Y.), wasawarded a Faculty Research Fellowshipby the American Institute of Indian Studies to conduct research in India next year.He had received a national Science Foundation grant last summer to support hiswork at Rochester and in London.Michael Roskin, '62, AM'65, has as-sumed a new position as executive director of the Greater Lakes Mental HealthClinic, Tacoma, Wash.Catherine Senyk, '62, has taken vows inthe order of the Basilian Nuns of St.Macrina at the Sacred Heart Monastery,Astoria, N.Y.Sholom A. Singer, PhD'62, Rabbi ofB'nai Torah Temple in Highland Park,111., has been named a visiting associateprofessor of religious philosophy at theCollège of Jewish Studies in Chicago.Edward B. Smith, PhD'62, former assistant principal at Brebeuf PreparatorySchool in Indianapolis, Ind., has beennamed principal of St. Xavier High School,Cincinnati, Ohio.William G. Spady, Jr., '62, AM'64,PhD'67, has been named an assistant professor of Education and Social Relationsat the Harvard University GraduateSchool of Education.Donald E. Thomas, Jr., MA'62, hasbeen named instructor in history at Hol-lins Collège in Virginia.Frédéric L. Weiss, AM'62, a formerteacher at Rensselaer Polytechnic Instirtute, Troy, N.Y., has been named assistantprofessor of Philosophy at the Universityof Colorado in Boulder. 63Mona L. Bleiberg, '63, was graduatedfrom Harvard Médical School last June,and is interning at Boston Beth IsraëlHospital.Bruce A. Shuman, '63, AM'65, and hiswife Frances (Aidman), '64, hâve an-nounced the birth of their daughter, San-dra Beth, on Nov. 30, 1967, in Raleigh,N.C.Susan Staves, '63, has received the AM and PhD in English from the Universityof Virginia. She also taught for a yearunder the Woodrow Wilson InternshipProgram at Bennett Collège in Greens-boro, N.C, and is now an assistant professor at Brandeis University, Waltham,Mass. 64William E. Lindberg, AM'64, directorof Wheaton (111.) College's Christian Service Council, recently was guest speakerat the college's Quad-City alumni dinnerin Davenport, Iowa.John W. McConnell, SB'64, MAT'66,has been appointed a mathematics teacherat Glenbrook (111.) High School.Donald L. Maurer, PhD'64, has beenappointed assistant professor at the University of Delaware's Lewes Marine Laboratory.Arthur F. Pottle, Jr., MBA'64, has beenpromoted to colonel in the U.S. Army lstInfantry Division in Vietnam.John R. Yuditsky, AM'64, a formercounty director of the Idaho Departmentof Public Assistance, has been namedmental health director in Nez PerceCounty, Idaho. 65Marion Klumpp Bullitt, '65, and JulianBullitt were married in Indianapolis, Feb.17, 1968. Included in her wedding partywere Elaine Gilbert, '64, and Ellen Isaacs,'65. The Bullitts are studying chemistryat MIT.Teresa Peterson, '65, and Marvin L.Schurke, '65, were married in Minneapo-lis, Minn., Sept. 9, 1967.M. Wireman, '65, AM'66, writes thathe has become a faculty member in thedepartment of Sociology and Anthropology at Wisconsin State University in Osh-kosh. 66Catherine L. Farrell, '66, and Steven C.Wofsy, '66, 'were married in Silver Spring,Md., Jan. 28. ' Donald R. Hopkins, MD'66, has beenassigned to Sierra Leone as a médical ad-visor with a smallpox eradication project.The project is directed by the NationalCommunicable Disease Center of the U.S.Public Health Service in Atlanta.Philip J. Jones, MBA'66, has been com-missioned an ensign in the U.S. Navy.Steven D. Norton, '66, received his AMin Psychology last summer at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland.Howard D. Putnam, MBA'66, has beennamed assistant to the régional vice président, sales and services, at United AirLines, Chicago.Patricia Schedler, AM'66, has been appointed assistant professor of social sciences at the University of the Pacific'sRaymond Collège.Richard Verdi, AM'66, gave an art history lecture last summer at Tolentine Collège in Olympia Fields, 111. Mr. Verdi hasreceived a grant under the Kress founda-tion from the Institute of InternationalEducation for doctoral studies in London,where he also will lecture at the CourtauldMuséum. 67Frédéric R. Kahl, MD'67, Ronald M.Saldino, MD'67, Deborah J. Scherz,MD'67, and James L. Spikes, Jr., MD'67,received awards for excellence in researchand in clinical medicine at the Schoolof Medicine at the Médical Alumni Association banquet last June. Dr. Kahl isinterning at the University of Pennsyl-vania Hospital in Philadelphia, Dr. Saldino at Indiana University's Médical Center in Indianapolis, Dr. Scherz at PaloAlto-Stanford Hospital Center in California, and Dr. Spikes at The University ofChicago.Write To Us!Send us news of yourself or yourclassmates for thèse pages. Addresscorrespondence to The Editor, TheUniversity of Chicago Magazine,5733 University Ave., Chicago, 111.60637.27ProfitesD. A. SkeenLooking forward in another two yearsto his 60th anniversary since graduatingfrom The University of Chicago LawSchool, 83-year-old Sait Lake attorneyDavid Alfred Skeen still crédits much ofhis success in life to his training at theUniversity.In the years since he graduated, "D A.,"as he is known to his thousands of friendsand associâtes, has enjoyed a distinguishedinternational career as a lawyer and hu-manitarian. He recalls with a bit of a chuckle thathis initial application to the Universityin 1907 included a statement that hisbackground was "sagebrush philosophy."To understand that statement, we need toknow something of the mânD. A. was born May 13, 1885 at PlainCity, Utah, a town as straightforward asits name. Through herding cattle and do-ing chores, D.' A. learned early the rigorsof farm and ranch life. The communitywas a handful of farm homes and a fewbarns, outbuildings, and fences. Typicalof Mormon pioneers, Plain City résidents built their homes and church houseclose together in "town." Their farmswere in outlying areas where they traveleddaily, returning to their homes in theclose-knit community at night. Most ofthe town's activities centered around theMormon Church, and D. A. was rearedin its disciplines, as were his boyhoodchums.In addition to agricultural pursuits,D. A. 's father, Lyman Skeen, was a contracter, and D. A. worked with his fatherand brothers in constructing some of theearly railroad lines in northern Utah andsouthern Idaho.As a rail layer, farm-hand, and schoolboy, D. A. led an active young life. Hisfavorite sport was pony racing, and hewas very fond of his racing mare, Pearl,the finest pony any boy could désire.The summer of 1905, his twentiethyear, found D. A. longing for more thanfarm life and carrying water to railroadconstruction gangs. He approached hisfather about collège, and it was finallyagreed that he would enroll at the land-grant university in Logan, Utah. There hetook military training along with regularacadémie classwork. But still he searchedfor more.Back on the ranch during the summervacation of 1907, D. A. recalls breakingup raw land with six horses and a spring-tooth harrow. Working the dusty, water-less tract, plowing out clumps of sagebrush, he had time to think about whatlife might hâve in store for him.One day Horace Nebeker, a graduateof The University of Chicago and a man with whom D. A. often talked, encour-aged D. A. to consider law school atChicago. D. A. recalls asking him "whyChicago?" and getting the quick responsethat there they taught a person to takeresponsibility. And, said Mr. Nebeker"real responsibility for results is our great-est educator."Though he had completed only twoyears at the Agricultural Collège, D. A.applied to Chicago. On the form request-ing spécial permission to enter, there wasa space to state one's académie background. In this blank he entered thewords, "Sagebrush Philosophy," and sentoff the application. He soon had a replyfrom the University questioning the meaning of that rather vague entry. He wroteback and explained that a person couldlearn things from hard work and hardknocks that were unavailable in books.His application was accepted.The Law School at that time, D. A. recalls, consisted of under a hundred students. James Parker Hall was Dean andD. A. still remembers his talks to students, encouraging them in their work,giving them challenges.(D. A.'s brother, William Riley Skeen,was a law student at Chicago at aboutthe same time, earning his JD in 1909.William died in 1940. D.A.'s daughter,Eleanor Kerr Skeen — now Mrs. A. B,Stein — got her AM at Chicago in 1943.)D. A. earned scholarships, was electedto the Clark Butler Whittier Law Club,and received his LLB cum laude in 1910.He returned home and established a lawoffice in Ogden, Utah, a few miles eastof Plain City. A few years later he movedto Sait Lake City, where he has practicedever since.He worked in the Sait Lake County At-torney's office as a deputy for severalyears and also was légal adviser to theUtah Législative Council. He was afounder and long-time président of theLégal Aid Society, and he once was acandidate for governor of the state ofUtah.But it is in service to humanity throughthe International Association of LionsClubs that D. A. Skeen achieved inter-28national distinction.When the budding young Lions organization first established a club in Utah in1921, D. A. was the first to join. Heserved as club président and through theyears has held every office in Lionism,including Président of Lions Internationalin 1944-45. He has seen the organizationgrow until today it is the largest serviceclub in the world, with a membership inexcess of 860,000 and 21,000 clubs in141 countries.As chief executive of Lions International, D. A. represented his organization at the founding conférence of theUnited Nations in 1945. D. A., MelvinJones, founder of Lionism, and FredSmith of California, a vice président ofLions International, worked closely asconsultants to the United States délégation, headed by U. S. Secretary of StateEdward Stettinius. In 1946, D. A. wasappointed a spécial delegate to the ParisPeace Conférence and served under Secretary of State James F. Byrnes.In behalf of the Lions Clubs of theworld, D. A. presented a spécial gavel toMr. Byrnes. He later saw Byrnes use thegavel in a noisy exchange with V. M.Molotov of the Soviet Union.During the organization of the UnitedNations, D. A. worked closely with Mrs.Eleanor Roosevelt, and through the yearshe maintained a "U. N. friendship" withher as they both worked actively throughthat organization to promote world peace.Throughout his life, both in his légalcareer and in his service through Lionism,D. A. took time to promote the UnitedNations, one of his favorite speakingtopics. Once bad weather prevented hisreaching a Lions meeting where he wasto be guest speaker, and he telephonedhis apologies. The meeting chairmanasked D. A. to give in a few words hisconception of the purpose of the Uniteddations, saying the message would berelayed to the group. On the spur of themoment, D. A. said, "The United Nationsls the only organized hope for worldPeace," a phrase he has since used on^any occasions, particularly in the UtahAssociation for the United Nations, which he helped found and served as its président for many years.Though he is now in his 83rd year,D. A. Skeen continues active law prac-tice and community service. He still isworking to fulfill a deep désire to pene-trate the "causes of war" and to find waysfor the préservation of "lasting peacethrough law."Still undergirding ail his effort, and hisdésire to pursue life actively and vigor-ously, is his sagebrush philosophy of hardwork. The attainments of his life attestto his willingness to work, and ail hestands for offers living proof of the prin-ciples that were so meaningful to himat The University of Chicago and throughout his life— especially the belief that"real responsibility for results is ourgreatest educator." D(Profile by Wm. James Mortimer ofthe Deseret Book Company in Sait LakeCity, Utah.)ARCHIVESMay, 1893— The Hyde Park ProtectiveAssociation, a community action group,was formed to resist récent efforts toabolish prohibition in Hyde Park. Theannexation of the village of HydePark to Chicago in 1889 had carriedwith it the stipulation that the village'sprohibitory districts — which included thecampus — should remain inviolate. AHyde Park restaurant owner had suedthe city for a liquor license in 1890, butthe license was denied in litigation thatwent ail the way to the state Suprême Court. The same restaurant owner sub-sequently had attempted to put the mat-ter to a popular vote, but failed whenthe necessary pétition was shown to con-tain over fifty percent fraudulent signatures. The new pressures to open dram-shops and license the sale of liquor inrestaurants came with the community'scommercial expansion for the tourist influx for the Columbian Exposition.May, 1918 — Thomas Garrigue Masaryk,commander-in-chief of the Bohemian(Czechoslovakian) army, fierce opponentof Austrian imperialism, and former professor and parliamentary leader, spokeon "Bohemia's Part in the War" at Man-del Hall, May 27. Masaryk, an intimateof Léo Tolstoi, told of his soul-searchingdélibérations with the great Russian nov-elist before countenancing Bohemia's résistance movement. "We Slavs hâve corneto see that we must follow Jésus orCaesar," Masaryk said. The address wasMasaryk's second visit to the University:he had given a séries of lectures hère in1902 on Slav problems and nationalhistory.Architect Charles A. Coolidge was des-ignated to design the Albert Merritt Bill-ings Hospital and the Max Epsteinout-patient dispensary, slated for construction on University property southof the Midway.May, 1943 — University Vice PrésidentWilliam Benton was elected Chairman ofthe Board of Directors of EncyclopaediaBritannica, Inc., at its first meeting sinceits récent incorporation with the University. Benton announced the establishment of twenty-five to thirty Britannicafellowships for graduate students in vari-ous fields.Phi Kappa Psi turned over its houseto the Army on May 8 to provide livingquarters for members of a psychologicalspecialists training program. Other newArmy training programs at the University started in May were a basic engineering course and a language school.29MELODRAMA UNVEILEDAmerican Theater and Culture,1800-1850David Grimsted"An excellent picture of the theatri-cal world of the era . . . based largelyon original sources . . . should appealto scholars and informed laymenand those interested in the theater. . . suitable for collège and university libraries and large public librar-ies."—Library Journal.LC: 68-15575 $8.95ILLUSTRIOUS IMMIGRANTSThe Intellectual Migration tromEurope, 1930-41Laura Fermi"Mrs. Fermi has rendered a uniqueservice. With her ability to convertscientific data into living expérience, she has written an adventurestory of the human spirit. I know ofno other book that describes so wellwhat can be called the mating of twocultures on American soil . . ."—BookWorld. LC : 67-25512 $7.95MAJOR TRENDS IN MODERNHEBREW FICTIONIsaiah Rabinovich"Those who are interested in gain-ing an insight into modem Hebrewliterature will . . . welcome this well-written study . . . Recommended foracadémie and large public libraries."—Library Journal.LC : 68-15035 $7.50INTRODUCTION TOTOLSTOY'S WRITINGSErnest J. SimmonsThe author calls this "the biographyof a literary career." It is "an excellent short assessment of Tolstoy asliterary artist and philosopher. Forpublic and académie libraries."—Library Journal.LC : 67-30427 $5.50 THE FICTION OFNATHANAEL WESTNo Redeemer . . . No Promised LandRandall Reid"Mr. Reid examines [the works] withvigor and freshness, and managesto throw a good deal of new light onWest's novels."— Library Journal.LC: 67-30949 $4.50CATERINA SFORZAA Renaissance ViragoErnst Breisach"A fresh interprétation of her life. . . readable . . . thoroughly docu-mented . . . recommended for goodcollections on the Renaissance."—Library Journal.LC: 67-25111 $7.95QUESTS SURD AND ABSURDEssays in American LiteratureJames E. Miller, Jr.A provocative exploration — fromMelville and Whitman to Salingerand Bellow. Mr. Miller's "wisdomand wit combine to challenge and de-light both the reader's intellectualcuriosity and his often overworkedimagination."— Chicago Daily News.LC : 67-25520 $5.95MUSIC, THE ARTS, AND IDEASPatterns and Prédictions inTwentieth-century CultureLéonard B. MeyerA look at the présent cultural crisis."Remarkably lucid and highly stim-ulating."— New Yorker. "A search-ing, provocative and fascinatingnew book."— JOHN BARKHAM, Satur-day Review Syndicate.LC: 67-25515 $7.95THE DRAFTA Handbook of Facts andAlternativesEdited by Sol Tax"Aside from its comprehensiveness,it is the only book available whereproponents and opponents of thedraft engage in analysis of opposingpositions."— National Catholic Reporter. LC: 67-25517 $12.95BELIEF AND DISBELIEFIN AMERICAN LITERATUREHoward Mumford Jones"Discusses intelligently and per-ceptively, the religious attitudes ofreprésentative writers from the18th Century to the présent . . .sound and sensible . . . Highlyrecommended for ail libraries."—Library Journal.LC : 67-25521 $5.00university ol Chicago Près: m5750 Ellis Avenue, Chicago, 111. 60637 v«=</