rhe University of Chicagom^^azine January 1968 FE3 9m T. m% w •,w/SgffÀ4 \' / < *^&t'!W»5K$ ï ,:•.;- #f ' <^ "V'V.îr-'i J !1 ' *- S ^9Hil1 1'1• ISri\1 ' W y •¦. i ». ¦»" i IVH^n Ti'jmm^ÉH$*C z. /7 P' 'w - '*r */ - --The University of ChicagomagazineVolume LX Numbér 4January 1968Published since 1907 byTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATION5733 University AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637(312) 643-0800, ext. 4291Fay Horton Sawyier, '44, PhD'64PrésidentC. Ranlet LincolnDirector of Alumni AffairsConrad KulawasEditorREGIONAL OFFICES39 West 55 StreetNew York, New York 10019(212) 765-54803600 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1510Los Angeles, California 90005(213) 387-2321485 Pacific AvenueSan Francisco, California 94133(415) 433-40501629 K Street, N.W., Suite 500Washington, D.C. 20006(202) 296-8100Subscriptions: one year, $5.00;three years, $13.00; fiveyears, $20.00; life, $100.00.Second-class postagepaid at Chicago, Illinois. Ailrights reserved. Copyright 1968 byThe University of Chicago Magazine; ARTICLES2 Irrational Leadership and the Sécession of YouthSaul Bellow6 An Evening of Contemporary ArtAlumni at Chicago's new Muséum of Contemporary Art10 The Testimony of SculptureHarold Haydon12 December 2, 1967Richard Stern14 Are You Worth Your Weight in Gold?Harry G. JohnsonDEPARTMENTS1 7 Quadrangle News20 People22 Profiles24 Club News28 Alumni News31 Memorials32 Archives33 LettersThe University of Chicago Magazine is published monthly, October through June, for alumniand the f aculty of The University of Chicago. Letters and editorial contributions are welcomed.Front Cover: Henry Moore's sculpture, "Nuclear Energy," commemorating the achievementof the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction by Enrico Fermi and his associâtes at StaggField on December 2, 1942. The work was purchased from the artist and presented to thecitizens of Chicago by the B. F. Ferguson Monument Fund.Inside Cover: Haskell Hall (left) and Harper Library, looking southeast.Photography Crédits: front cover and pages 6-10 and 13 by Uosis Juodvalkis; inside coverand page 23 by Stan Karter; pages 18 and 25-27 by The University of Chicago.Saul BellowIrrationalLeadershipand theSécession of Youth FJL^Jnroute to Tel Aviv last June I was in mid-air whenthe war between Egypt and Israël broke out, and I spenttwo days in Athens haunting airlines and embassies andseeking out influential tycoons who might help me to reachthp scène of the fighting. By the time I got to Israël I hadread, while waiting, hundreds of newspaper articles onthe crisis in British, French, and American papers. Noone who takes such an intensive dosage of news can thinlthe world to be sane. The soberest experts sound likecrackpots; the leaders of great nations seem ready forshock-treatment. DeGaulle, for instance, had made strangestatements about Israeli aggression. He was extraordinary—a man of genius, but he sounded rather goofy. Tito, too,had so twisted the facts that no psychiatrist would hâvehesitated to commit him to an institution.Two days earlier, a large, modem Arab army hadthreatened to invade Israël and annihilate the Jews. Thecivilized world had heard thèse threats as though it werelistening to still another fascinating télévision program. Forthe second time in twenty-five years Jews were menacedwith extinction. No one wished to intercède for them withNasser. DeGaulle called for a four-power conférence. Hewas evidently trying to assert that France was still a greatpower. French prestige was his primary concern, and hesaw an opportunity to improve the French position in theArab world. Tito and other Eastern leaders were followingthe clichés of the Marxian rule book. They saw the Arabsas "historically progressive," the Jews as représentativesof capitalism and imperialism. Meanwhile Romantic intel-lectuals in Paris and London, readers of Freya Stark, T. E.Lawrence, or André Gide wrote to the papers to denouncethe Jewish intruders and to participate luxuriously in thçterrible and beautiful rage of the Arab fighter. There wouldbe a blood bath. In the French press radical universityprofessors and writers who followed the communist linedenounced the Hitlerian Israelis. Some declared that thèseJews were not the same Jews whom the Nazis had perse-cuted, but a wholly différent breed who were exploiting thesympathy due the true sufferers. Some of those who signedsuch letters to Le Monde had Jewish names. So the wholeSaul Bellow, X'39, the noted American novelist, is Prof essorin the Committee on Social Thought and in the Department ofEnglish. Copyright 1967 by Newsday, Inc.'People are always saying, quoting Lord Acton, that power corrupts.But what if it should also make governments insane?"thing was wild and bewildering. Only an occasional letterto The Times of London, by an obscure private citizen,showed that hère and there reason still survived.TXhis^his led me to reflect how dangerous the "big" viewcould be— the grand perspective of a deGaulle or of com-munist statesmen— in a situation requiring little more thanordinary good sensé. We can continue to do as we hâvebeen doing, in which case the outlook for the survival ofmankind is not good, or we can try good sensé and beginto make reasonable choices. It is improbable, but if we everdo begin to choose reasonably we may corne to recognizethat balanced judgment has its own grandeur and that theheroes of the présent âge may be those who think reasonably and clearly, not "men of destiny," Prometheans andrevolutionary fire-bringers who bring the wrong sort of lire.I did not assume that I understood the Middle Eastthoroughly. Certain Arab claims seemed to me to hâvemerit. I felt it was the misfortune of the Jews to hâvesettled in this critical area. However, there were historicalreasons for this with which it was futile to quarrel. In anycase, Israël was now a reality. It would be reasonable forthe great powers to accept that reality, calm the Arabs,feed them, cure their diseases, modernize their agriculture,replace hovels with houses and give the children somethingbetter than dung to play with. In the dazed, rank streetsof Gaza, with their odor of fermented garbage, an aimlesspopulace walked about in soiled pajamas. The war had notdone thèse people much good. Victory would not hâve im-proved their lot. I thought that Israël, too, might hâvebehaved better towards the Arabs, might hâve shown itselfmore willing to acknowledge their legitimate claims. I hadalways believed that a portion of the indemnities paid overby West Germany should hâve been set aside by Israëlfor Arab refugees.What I saw in the Sinai désert when I reached Israëlon the third day was some three billion dollars worth ofmilitary equipment blasted and abandoned. That and thou-sands of dead Egyptians rotting, their faces blackening andliquefying in the sun. Mongrels gnawed human bones. Thecorpses swelled and stank. There was no way to escape the stink. And one did not hâve to be a great expert tograsp the elementary facts of the situation. The Russians,one of the two great powers on whose reason and balanceour survival dépends, had pondered long and at last com-mitted themselves to a war in the désert. At great cost,they had manufactured tanks, artillery, trucks, and munitions. They had sent their technicians to train the fellahand brought them hère for the purpose of destroying Israël.This did not happen. If it had happened it would not hâvereflected great crédit on the Russians. Why did the Russianleaders think this a good thing to do? It was not a humaneidea, but political leaders do not bother themselves muchabout being humane. Humane gestures and humane rhet-oric are still important in the West, but in the East thef act that the Jews had suffered much under Hitler was nota serious political considération. But modem leaders, espe-cially Marxists, might be expected to understand the différence between a modem society and a backward one.Despite modem weapons, the Egyptians were backward,whereas Israël, though small, has highly developed modemskills.The Russian planners did not see this. Also, they hadlearned nothing from the war of 1956. That lesson hadpassed them by. Is it possible, then, that the Russian leadersare stupid? It is possible. Leaders of great nations may bedumb. They may be tenth-rate, unable to learn from expérience. I found it hard to imagine that the wreckage and deathin the Sinai might be the miscarried resuit of rational plans.I asked myself, furthermore, how I would feel if I wereresponsible for ail this corpse-making. I could never bear it.It would make me suicidai. But then I hâve no politicalexpérience. After long expérience in government, I mightgradually adjust myself to such responsibilities, althoughsuch a process of adjustment might itself resuit in madness.People are always saying, quoting Lord Acton, that powercorrupts. But what if it should also make governmentsinsane?W.hen we read that the Emperor of Persia had theHellespont flogged with chains because it was too roughfor his fleet— well, that has a certain Cecil B. deMille3charm. But today our own government is dumping tonsof bombs in the jungles and waters of Vietnam. What for?Mr. McNamara has testified that such bombing is prac-tically useless, but we go on doing it. Président Johnsonis asked whether there is a différence of opinion in hisadministration on this matter. He dénies ail différences.The Président, in other words, asks us to abandon sanestandards of judgment. And he and Senator Dirksen andSpeaker McCormack and the Secretary of State do like-wise. They direct us not to ask the Président to give areasonable explanation because that is disloyalty. And thePrésident is furious with his critics. He is the most power-ful man in the United States, the most powerful singleindividual, therefore, in the world. He is more vulnérableto the diseases of power than anyone else, and as Ameri-cans see, or sensé, he has caught quite a few of thèsediseases already. When, recently, the décision was takento build a barrier across Vietnam, the White House deniedthe report. Granted that every government has secrets tokeep and that untimely news releases and public discussions can be harmful. But a barrier of many miles canhardly be a secret. Hère, as Richard Rovere pointed outin the New Yorker, was a pointless lie. Governments aresometimes obliged to lie. But when they lie unnecessarily,their necessary lies cannot be accepted. The President'spassion for secrecy implies that crucial décisions, and manynot so crucial, are none of our business. Such harshnessand arrogance in leaders remind us uncomfortably of totali-tarianism.America is passing through a considérable crisis of confidence. We are appalled by our own brutality and abandonnant of principle in Vietnam, and scared and shaken by theriots and the f ailure of public order. The President's blunderand his refusai to give convincing reasons for his policies,his toughness with his subordinates and his meekness withthe gênerais, aggravate the crisis and increase the disorder.Americans hâve a way of seceding when conditions dis-please them— an old Southern custom. When they do notsecede publicly they do it internally, subjectively. The earlysettlers were separatists, and separatism is still an important American phenomenon. Under certain pressures, whenpeople feel they are being conned, snowed, had, put on,or bamboozled (the very abundance of terms for this isitself a sign of great sensitivity to the phenomenon), they abstract or remove themselves. They light out for the ter-ritory ahead, like Huck Finn, or become sages at Walden(a rare reaction today), or take pot or LSD. Bureaucratiepressures, phoney slogans, and great campaigns to obtaintheir consent or obédience cause internai dissent. Univer-sal éducation has not achieved great results, but it has atleast promoted a critical consciousness in people. Thiscritical consciousness may be fairly narrow, but it is animportant force in modem démocratie societies. Modemmankind has a significant mental life which leaders cannotafford to ignore.Now in a crisis of confidence, when even U. S. senatorslike Mr. Fulbright speak of a sick society and borrowphrases like "the empty power system" from utopian radi-cals like Paul Goodman, the unwillingness of a governmentto address itself to the critical consciousness of the countryis very damaging. This is not a public-relations or image-making problem. It is a problem of the sanity of powerand of its will-to-order. When the government demon-strates no will to create order, it increases the prestige ofrébellion and sécession. The more authority underminesand discrédits itself the larger the crowds of kids in EastVillage and Haight-Ashbury will grow.T-A^he older people are baffled. It often appears to themthat no génération of children ever had it so good, thatneither kings nor millionaires ever enjoyed such nurture;that from the cradle, presided over by Dr. Spock, the solicitons attention thèse children received had no parallel inany century or class. Up to a point this is true. And pre-cisely because it is true, the demands of the children increase. In civilized conditions it is often felt to be the heightof privilège to be primitive. Often civilization is not con-sidered to be civilization at ail if it does not liberate theinstincts and the impulses, and the suprême luxury is toturn into some sort of native, peasant, shepherd, Pacificislander, Hindu beggar, or savage. As Marie Antoinetteplayed with sheep, as Gauguin turned to the South Seas,as Rimbaud went primitive, as D. H. Lawrence sought outerotic Mexico, so the kids of Haight-Ashbury require from4. . . fear of rétribution may be one cause of sécession, and bydropping out it may be that the young are entering a plea of not guilty."civilization that produced them the freedom and happinessof primitives. They do as other privileged classes beforethem hâve done, asserting the right of aristocrats to be"natural." The primitive, as the guilty civilized imaginationconceives him, is naturally right because he has been sogreatly wronged. The native, in China or the southernhémisphère, was abused by the imperialist as the childwas abused by his parents. Child, native, or AriiericanBlack had religion, culture, and civilized order dangledbefore them. The native with violence, the child by dis-obedience or passivity, reject this culture. Générations ofAmerican children (and numbers of European adults aswell) hâve been sentimentally attached to the Black Manand Redskin, slaves and victims of the brutality of thoseold guys the Fathers. But there is now a new and deeperfantasy. This is that a just vengeance is coming. We shahhâve to meet the rage of the Third World, and our citieswill bum. The young often seem to be telling the ThirdWorld and the Blacks that they themselves hâve no partin the crimes of the Fathers. They indicate by their répudiation of the adults that they are not guilty. This explains,perhaps, their attitude towards culture— ail that old human-istic "crap," nothing but bourgeois "superstructure," a nar-cissistic screen of self-congratulation to conceal the brutalityof exploitation (I am hère paraphrasing Jean-Paul Sartre,one of the favorite theoreticians of the intellectual young) .In other words, I am arguing that fear of rétribution maybe one cause of sécession and that by dropping out it maybe that the young are entering a plea of not guilty.Senator Fulbright expresses sympathy for the hippies. I,too, am sympathetic. But many older theoreticians andcritics of American capitalism make use of the hippies toindict "the empty power structure," citing it as proof ofthe decay of the American enterprise. The hippies areassumed to see through the Washington big-business powerracket and reject the crazy society of their seniors. But youdo not destroy yourself because you think your father abad man, yom\mother a fool. Courting dirt because thefamily was neurotically clean, lying in a trance becauseDaddy ran to punch the time clock, consenting tb a struc-tureless, formless, and chaotic inner life, and rejecting ailformer ideas of order— one cannot make an existence outof such négatives. Furthermore, thèse hippie practices arenot individual, but parallel the collective tendencies of the Fathers. Besides, there is no real opposition to what theyoung are doing. Stalin put oppositionists in concentrationcamps, and we, too, treated them severely in the past.But since the end of the McCarthy era, the country haschanged its attitude toward opposition. We now writeabout our oppositionists, watch them on télévision, callthem to Washington for consultation, go in tourist busesto visit them, sell them costumes, etc. Iii America, opposition is a stimulus and a source of excitement and profit.X T Aoreover, the old hâve a bad conscience. They hâvenot been able to teach the young how to live. Even moresignificant, perhaps, is the fact that they hâve not beenable to show them how to die. A hedonistic society doesnot understand death very well. If pleasure is truth andif, as you grow older, you lose your capacity for pleasure,continued existence is futility. A good deal of the youth-theorizing by middle-aged and elderly ideologists expressesprecisely such a futility accompanied by self-hatred. Andhatred of one's peers as well.Youth movements are not invariably a good thing. Ger-many's Hitlerjugend certainly was not. Nor Mussolini'sSons of the Wolf. Nor Stalin's KomsomoL Nor do theyoung Maoist gangs fill me with confidence and hope.A sick society? Probably. But most societies are sick,and larger societies are sicker than small ones. In modemtimes, man has often been defined as the sick animal—"sick," that is, because his brain and his culture are pre-sumed to estrange him from animal nature or disfigure hisinstincts. And a country which has so many influentialpsychologists and psychiatrists is bound to hâve doubtsabout its sanity. Sometimes I hâve the impression thatinfluential shrinkers are trying to put the entire nationon the analytic couch and would make every man, woman,and child take a cure if they could.In my view, the question is not whether the UnitedStates is sick. The question is rather whether so great acountry, so complex, so numerous, caught up in immensechanges, can préserve its démocratie traditions— whetherso many people can bn a free people, and whether so greata power can remain a reasonable power. ?5An Evening of Contemporary Art.XLÂKtftP. More than 350 alumni were guests of theAlumni Association at Chicago'snew Muséum of Contemporary Art on theevening of December 1 . JoshuaC. Taylor, Prof essor of Art and Human-ities, spoke on "Art at the Moment,"a lecture on understandingcontemporary art. Prof. Taylor also is amember of the Museum's boardof directors. Following the talk, therewas a tour of the galleries anda réception with Champagne punch andhors d'oeuvres. The response toinvitations was so overwhelming that aduplicate program was scheduledfor the following evening. Totalattendance for the two programs came to715. The pictures on thèse pageswere taken at the program of December 1.Left: Allan Kaprow's "Words," an exampleof his "art of environment," wasone of the most popular works in theMuseum's first exhibit, entitled "PicturesTo Be Read/Poetry To Be Seen.""Words" included light and sound andinvited viewers to participateby adding hand-written words of their own.Right: Prof. Taylor (far right) discussesa work with interested alumni.6Above & Right: Alumni tour the galleriesbefore joining the Champagne réception.10Harold HaydonThe Testimony of SculptureThe following remarks were made at the unveiling of"Nuclear Energy," the bronze sculpture by Henry Moorecommemorating the achievement by Enrico Fermi and hisassociâtes of the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reactionat Stagg Field on December 2, 1942. The sculpture waspurchased from the artist by the B. F. Ferguson Monument Fund for the people of the city of Chicago. Theunveiling took place during the récent célébration of thetwenty-fifth anniversary of the event. Harold Haydon isAssociate Prof essor of Art, Director of the Midway Studios, and art critic for the Chicago Sun-Times.Sk^/ince very ancient times men hâve set up a marker, ordesignated some stone or tree, to hold the memory of adeed or happening far longer than any man's lifetime.Some of thèse mémorial objects hâve lived longer thanman's collective memory, so that we now ponder the mean-ing of a monument, or wonder whether some great stoneis a record of human action, or whether instead it is only anatural object.There is something that makes us want a solid présence,a substantial form, to be the tangible touchstone of themind, designed and made to endure as witness or record,as if we mistrusted that seemingly frail yet amazingly toughskein of words and symbols that serves memory and which,despite being mère ink blots and punch-holes, nonethelesssucceeds in preserving the long human tradition, firmerthan any stone, tougher than any métal.We still choose stone or métal to be our tangible re-minders, and for thèse solid, enduring forms we tum to themen who are carvers of stone and moulders of métal, forit is they who hâve given lasting form to our myths throughthe centuries.One of thèse men is hère today, a great one, and he hasgiven his skill and the sure touch of his mind and eye tocreate for this nation, this city, and this university amarker that may stand hère for centuries, even for a millennium, as a mute yet éloquent testament to a turningpoint in time when man took charge of a new materialworld hitherto beyond his capability.As this bronze monument remembers an event and commémorâtes an achievement, it has something unique to sayabout the spiritual meaning of the achievement, for it isthe spécial power of art to convey feeling and stir profoundémotion, to touch us in ways that are beyond the reach ofreason.Nuclear energy, for which the sculpture is named, is amagnet for conflicting émotions, some of which inevitablywill attach to the bronze form; it will harbor or repel émotion according to the states of mind of those who view thesculpture. In its brooding présence some will feel the joyand sorrow of recollection, some may dread the uncertainfuture, and yet others will thrill to the thought of magni-ficent achievements that lie ahead. The test of the sculp-ture's greatness as a human document, the test of any workof art, will be its capacity to evoke a response and thequality of that response.One thing most certain is that this sculpture by HenryMoore is not an inert object. It is a live thing, and some-what strange like every excellent beauty, to be known to usonly in time and never completely. Its whole meaning canbe known only to the ever-receding future, as each succeed-ing génération reinterprets according to its own vision andexpérience.T>-L#y being hère in a public place the sculpture "NuclearEnergy" becomes a part of Chicago, and the sculptor anhonored citizen, known not just to artists and collectors ofart, but to everyone who pauses hère in the présence ofthe monument, because the artist is inextricably part ofwhat he has created, immortal through his art.With this happy conjunction today of art and science,of great artist and great occasion, we may hope to reachacross the générations, across the centuries, speakingthrough enduring sculpture of our time, our hopes andfears, perhaps more eloquently than we know. Some worksof art hâve meaning for ail mankind and so defy time,persisting through ail hazards; the monument to the atomicâge should be one of thèse. ?11Richard SternDecember 2, 1967aX JL day of famous deaths, an anniversary, and a begin-ning. A cold day, windy, full of high autumnal colors, afootball Saturday fringed with chill squalls. In New York,the Church's most bellicose priest died, and, hours later,what had been America's most prompt and luxurious trav-eller, the Twentieth Century, left Grand Central for Chicago. There, Senator Eugène McCarthy made his firstcampaign speech, a sporadically éloquent, oddly fatiguedinvocation of noble losers, Stevenson, Hannibal, CaptainDreyfus. Several hours earlier, six miles south of the Loop,on the site of the Squash Rackets Court under what hadbeen the west stands of Stagg Field, the Président of theUniversity of Chicago, the widow of Enrico Fermi, andthe sculptor Henry Moore yanked at the tarpaulin whichdraped the massive coppery bronze which marked thetwenty-fifth anniversary of Fermi's baptismal announce-Richard G. Stern is a novelist and Prof essor in the Department of English and the Committee on General Studies in theHumanities. This article is adapted by the author from his edi-torial in the Dec. 18 issue of The Nation.12 ment of the atomic âge: "The reaction is self-sustaining,The curve is exponential."The commemorative scène might hâve been staged byFellini. The guests sat under a peppermint awning, thewind threatened the ropes and flags, the Farragut HighSchool Band squirted out Sousa marches. A little way oS,crânes and earth movers stopped trenching the old footballfield for the piers of the new University library. SDSpicketers festooned the harsh rectangles of the FermiInstitute and the crenellated grey concrète of the Quad-rangles with injunctions to Get Out of IDA (the Instituteof Défense Analysis) and advised the spectators to stopaugmenting the establishment^ atomic nostalgia. They'dbeen cheated of their proper target: LBJ, with the neces-sitous wisdom which keeps such rulers ofï their country'sstreets, delivered his remarks by closed circuit télévision.The great face, chiselled by the strain of baffled ferocity,looked unearthly, an apparition inserted within this day ofremembrance, humorous self-gratulation and a certainhistorié awe.The survivors of the nuclear crew were mostly old andfamous: scientific administrators, corporation présidents(Greenewalt of Du Pont), Nobel Prize winners, Libby,Segre, Calvin and Seaborg. The last, tall, dark, as infoldedas a De Mille Inquisitor, called Fermi's work "the greatestscientific achievement of the century " and perhaps pleasure in this estimate enabled the men to bury old hatchetswith such as General Groves, who sat with them, élégant,jowly, and gray. Ail appeared appréciative that neitherbuilding nor endowment but a single work of art com-memorated their famous deed.The little, gray-haired sculptor sat with Mrs. Fermi infront. His sculpture, "Nuclear Energy," was a huge eye-less form— head, ruptured tomato, plucked molar, nuclearcloud— whose interior force had carved strong, intricatecavities into its center. Gleaming in the strange, stormylight of the afternoon, it seemed the one object in thepanorama that had a real name and place.On an early sketch of it, Moore had written, "the great. . . problem (for me) is to combine sculptured form withhuman energy." The other, the Italian Fermi, might hâveadapted this: "the energy of things ordered by humanthought." One felt, and thus sought, parallels between thetwo men. Both worked with earth stuff, both knew itsHenry Moore inspects the placement of "Nuclear Energy" recalcitrance as well as its possibilities, both were extra-ordinarily independent, inventive, and uninvolved in theapparatus of large-scale enterprise.The scientific recollections kept coming back to theChicago projects efficient simplicity. Walter Zinn said it"was finished with unprecedented speed though it lackedthe computers, elaborate organization, and scientific man-agerial techniques now considered indispensable for suchundertakings . . . Enrico Fermi overbalanced ail of thèse."Herbert Anderson recalled that in July, 1939, the nuclearscientists needed six thousand dollars worth of graphite.No university physics department would consider so enor-mous a request. Szilard, just corne from England, had thenotion of getting it from the U.S. Treasury. An unheard ofproposition, but, thanks to Einstein's August 2 letter toRoosevelt, successful.sk^/uch recollections were bucolic, the artful inventorsspeaking directly to authority in what Senator McCarthythat night called (in another connection) "the languageof promise and of hope." Since then, almost everythinghad changed. The Squash Rackets Court, no bigger thanone sculptor's workshop, had become Oak Ridge, ChicagoPile One had led to mass murder, and the post-war policymakers were urbane theoreticians who, like General Pfuhlin Tolstoy, "so love their theory that they lose sight of theobject of the theory . . . immutably conceited men, readyto face martyrdom for their own ideas."At the Conrad Hilton that night, the handsome, hésitantSenator from Minnesota quoted Péguy and Toynbee: "asingle légal crime, a single dishonorable act will bringabout the loss of one's honor, the dishonor of a wholepeople," this from the Catholic poet, and "The nemesis ofwar is intrinsic. It did not need the invention of the atomicweapon to make this apparent," from the noble historian.Reading words of such purity, a spectator of the nuclearcommémoration wondered why the pursuit of powersounded so much farther removed from ordinary humanstandards than the simpler pursuits of artists and scientistswhose work, durable, usable, beautiful, and mémorable,came shining, as it were, right out of impurity and recalcitrance. ?13Harry G. JohnsonYour WeighHarry G. Johnson is Prof essor of Economies at The University of Chicago and at the London School of Economies.This article is taken from the April, 1967 , Journal of PoliticalEconomy, published by The University of Chicago Press.14 Y Then a person is extraordinarily effective in per-forming his responsibilities, so much so that he appearsindispensable to the organization that employs him, he isfrequently said to be "worth his weight in gold." The implication is that he is extremely valuable to the organization,far more valuable than any rémunération he may receive.But inflation has been gradually eroding the real value(purchasing power) of gold, while rising educational levelsand technical progress hâve been gradually increasing thevalue of human beings. In conséquence, a significant num-ber of people in our society hâve become worth far morethan their weight in gold. For thèse people, to say that theyare worth their weight in gold is not to praise them but tobelittle them, since it implies that they are grossly overpaid.Gold is currently priced at $35.00 an ounce. This, how-ever, is a Troy ounce, not the avoirdupois ounce used inweighing people. It takes 14.58333 Troy ounces to make apound avoirdupois. Hence a pound of gold, in terms of theSystem of measurement of human weight, is worth$510.41%; an ounce of gold, in terms of the same measurement system, is worth $31.90; and a hundredweight ofgold is worth $51,041.66%. Hence a person who weighed125 pounds would hâve to be worth $63,802.08, a personwho weighed 150 pounds would hâve to be worth$76,562.50, a person who weighed 175 pounds wouldhâve to be worth $89,322.92, and a 200 pounder wouldhâve to be worth $102,083.33, to be worth his weight ingold.People's weights vary with their âge, height, and sex,and it is thèse variations that are of interest to insurancecompanies, public health authorities, and others interestedin compiling statistics of average weights. Hence it is diffi-cult to find average figures for the typical American maieor female adult. Margaret Reid (Prof essor Emeritus ofEconomies) has, howéver, provided me with the followingfigures:1 the average American adult maie weighs 168.5pounds, the average American adult female weighs 139.1pounds, and the average American adult weighs 153.5pounds. To be worth their weight in gold, therefore, theaverage American maie adult would hâve to be worth$86,000, the average American female adult $71,000, and1 Weights are for adults aged twenty through fifty-nine; theaverage for maies and females is based on the 1960 population(Agricultural Research Service, 1960).the average American adult $78,300 (ail figures roundedtothenearest $100).How much is a person worth? Colloquially, this question refers to the value of a person's holdings of property,that is, to his wealth. The notion of a person's being"worth his weight in gold," however, is usually taken torefer to his value on the job, rather than to his wealth. Forthe purpose of assessing the value of a person in this sensé,economists hâve invented the concept of "human capital";that is, they look at the worker or salaried employée as akind of capital equipment, which contributes a stream ofproductive services to the économie System and receives inexchange an income that represents the return on thehuman capital. Like other capital equipment, human capital can be valued in two différent ways, useful for différentpurposes. One way is by the cost of producing it; this ismost useful for assessing the value of people who hâve justcompleted some stage of their formai éducation. The otherway is by the présent value of the stream of income that aparticular item of human capital will yield over its probable remaining future lifetime; this is most useful for assessing the value of people already established in a career.sk^Jome estimâtes of the average investments in humancapital formation involved in the formai éducation Systemhâve been furnished me by Herbert G. Grubel and Anthony D. Scott. According to their figures (which relateto 1956 and include both éducation costs and foregoneearnings) it takes an investment of $2,240 to complèteeight years of elementary school, $7,926 to complète fouryears of high school, $18,722 to complète four years ofcollège (the B.A.), $26,336 to complète two years ofgraduate school (Jthe M.A.), and $33,950 to complète fouryears of graduate school (the Ph.D.); ail figures relate tototal cost cumulated from the beginning of elementaryschool. Thèse figures, however, seriously understate theamounts of the investments involved, because they makeno allowance for the accumulation of interest on the investments between the time they are made and the time ofgraduation.A rough calculation of the true value of the investmentsinvolved in the various levels of educational attainment, assuming a 5 per cent rate of interest, indicates the following capital values of people at the point of graduation:2eight years of elementary school, $2,745; four years ofhigh school, $9,621; four years of collège, $23,628; twoyears of graduate school, $34,046; four years of graduateschool, $45,553. To thèse figures should properly be addedwhatever values people would hâve if they had no éducation whatever; but this can probably safely be regarded asnegligible. On the basis of thèse figures, it appears that—contrary to the expressed belief of some eminent educators—the products of the éducation system are not worth theirweight in gold, except for students completing four years ofgraduate work and weighing 89.2 pounds or less.3The alternative method of estimating the capital valueof a person is to calculate the présent value of his expectedfuture earnings. Burton Weisbrod (1961) has used thismethod to estimate the values of American maies by âgeranges from zéro to four to seventy to seventy-four yearsof âge. At a 4 per cent discount rate, he finds that a maieaged zéro to four is worth $27,124 — which makes boybabies worth considerably more than their weight in gold —and that the value of a maie rises rapidly with âge to apeak of $57,494 at âges twenty-five to twenty-nine, declin-ing thereafter to $241 in the âge group seventy to seventy-four. In the âge group twenty to thirty-four, the averagevalue is $55,836, so that on the average any maie in this2 The calculation assumes that the costs are the same per yearwithin each stage of the educational system and are incurred at themiddle of the year.3 The use of a higher interest rate would of course increase thecapital values and make many more graduâtes appear to be worththeir weight in gold. Using the 8 per cent rate corresponding to theaverage rate of return on business investment, the values would beas follows: elementary school, $3,095; high school, $10,869; collège, $27,425; two years of graduate school, $41,225; four years ofgraduate school, $57,321. On the basis of thèse figures, a personwho had finished two years of graduate work would be worth hisweight in gold if he weighed less than 80.8 pounds, and a personwho had completed four years of graduate work would be worthhis weight in gold if he weighed less than 112.1 pounds. The 8 percent rate probably results in a serious overstatement, however, because the educational costs relate to the single year 1956, whereasthe costs of educating a person would hâve been incurred in pre-vious years and would hâve been lower due to the fact that foregone earnings and éducation costs increase steadily over time. The5 per cent rate used in the text can be considered as équivalent tothe 8 per cent return on business investment, less a factor of 3 percent for the secular increase in éducation costs.15âge group who weighs less than 109.4 pounds is worthmore than his weight in gold. Since men in this âge groupweigh considerably less than older men, it is probable thata significant proportion of them are worth more than theirweight in gold.W,eisbrod's figures relate to the average of ail maies.Gary S. Becker (1964) has produced more detailed estimâtes of the average age-wealth profiles of maie graduâtesof various levels of éducation in the year 1939, that is,of the capital values of the future earnings of thèse men atdifférent âges.4 According to his estimâtes, wealth (that is,capital value) peaks at thirty-nine, at which âge the graduate of seven or eight years of schooling (elementaryschool) is worth about $34,000, the graduate of twelveyears of schooling (high school) is worth about $49,000,and the graduate of sixteen or more years of schooling(collège, or collège plus graduate school) is worth about$71,000. Using the typical weight of 168.5 pounds pre-viously selected (value $8,600), it appears that the average elementary school graduate is never worth more thanabout two-fifths of his weight in gold and a high schoolgraduate never worth more than seven-twelfths of hisweight in gold, whereas at his maximum a collège graduate is worth about 82.5 per cent of his weight in gold. Infact, the average collège graduate of this weight is worth atleast 80 per cent of his weight in gold between the âges ofthirty-seven and forty-one.Are you worth your weight in gold? To find out, youmust first détermine the value of your weight in gold, usingthe figures previously given of $510.42 per pound and$31.90 per ounce. Then you must détermine the présent(capital) value of your future earnings.As a very rough estimate indeed, you might start withthe amount of your life insurance, since this is a capitalsum, and its magnitude is related to the premiums you canafford to pay, which in turn is related to your income. Tocompensate for the probability that your insurance under-estimates your value, you should probably reckon your4 The estimâtes allow for the secular up-trend of earnings with in-creasing productivity and use an 8 per cent discount factor correspondis to the average rate of return on business investment. value at double the face value of your insurance. Alterna-tively, you might reckon your value at four timës the valueof your house, since mortgage lenders generally follow theprinDiple that you should spend no more than a quarter ofyôur income on housing, so that the value of your housewill represent approximately a quarter or less of the cap-italized value of your income.Both of thèse methods, however, are appropriate onlyfor younger people (say, thirty-nine and under), since forolder people insurance and house values reflect past income rather than the capitalized value of future income.If you want to be really accurate, you will hâve to estimateyour future earnings year by year and détermine theirprésent value; and this will require an intricate actuarialcalculation. A reasonable rough approximation, however,can be obtained by starting with your présent annual earnings, estimating the number of years you expect to be anearner, and multiplying your annual earnings by the présent value multipliers contained in Table 1. (Thèse multi-pliers assume a 5 per cent discount rate for future earnings;for numbers of years between those shown, use an averageof the two nearest multipliers.)Total No. of TABTC 1 Présent ValueEarning Years lAULt 1 Multiplier5... 4.510 8.115 10.920 13.125 14.830 16.135 17.240 18.245 18.7To illustrate the use of the table, a man earning $10,000a year and expecting to work ten years altogether wouldbe worth $81,000— more than his weight in gold providedhe weighs less than 158.7 pounds. Similarly, a man earning $5,000 a year and expecting to earn it for twenty yearsaltogether would be worth $65,000— and worth his weightin gold provided he weighed no more than a shade under127.4 pounds.Try the calculation yourself. You will probably be sur-prised to find that you are worth your weight in gold. Ifyou are not, you may be able to dérive some consolationfrom the thought that if you went on a diet and lost a fewpounds you might quite easily make it. ?16Iran Pledges $3,000,000for Middle Eastern StudiesThe government of Iran in Decemberpledged $3,000,000 to the University fora new building for Middle Eastern Studies and for professorships in Persiancivilization.Two-thirds of the pledged gift will beused to construct a building to house theCenter for Middle Eastern Studies andpossibly other University activities; theAdlai Stevenson Institute for InternationalAffairs also is expected to be housed inthe building. It is tentatively planned tobe built immediately east of the OrientalInstitute. The building will be named thePahlavi Center for Middle Eastern Studiesin honor of the Shah of Iran, MohammedRiza Shah Pahlavi. The remainder of thegift will be used to endow professorshipsin Persian civilization.The $3,000,000 pledge was made onbehalf of the Shah by Jahangir Amuze-gar, Iran's Minister Plenipotentiary forEconomie Affairs, to Président GeorgeW. Beadle. It was the highlight of abanquet given Dec. 7 in the Oriental Institute in honor of Amuzegar and themembers of the Visiting Committee to theUniversity's Center for Middle EasternStudies.Président Beadle said, "This generouspledge from the government of Iran willmake possible increased mutual under-standing between America and Iran. Nations must corne to know one another'scustoms, language, traditions, and poli-tics. Work such as will be carried on inthe Pahlavi Center will contribute to thebetterment of such mutual understanding."Amuzegar said the Shah was confidentthat the Center and the professorshipswould enhance public understanding andappréciation of affairs in the Middle East.He said: "His Majesty wishes to extendwarm greetings and a challenge to makethe Center the finest institution of itskind in the world."The Center for Middle Eastern Studiesis directed by Prof. William R. Polk. With23 teachers and 100 students, it is an interdepartmental and interdivisional committee concerned with the promotion ofscholarly study of Near and Middle Eastern cultures, using the perspectives ofboth the humanities and social sciences.It administers a program of graduate fel-lowships and brings to the Universityvisiting scholars whose work compléments that of the regular faculty.Polk, in acknowledging the pledge,said, "The faculty and students of theCenter and I are delighted that the Shahand his people hâve decided to supportour work with such a generous contribution. As we study the rich and enduringcivilizations of the Middle East, we realizemore and more each day that true understanding of our subject can only be real-ized through intense, arduous research."As the Center does not grant degrees,fellows supported by it must be degreecandidates in one of the regular depart-ments of the University. Likewise, eachmember of the Center's faculty holds ajoint appointaient in a regular depart-ment. With the coopération of the de-partments, the Center seeks to providestudents with opportunities for balancedtraining in ail relevant disciplines and tocbnduct seminars that will bring perspectives of various fields of study to-gether on common problems.Library Commemorative FundWhen a staff member retired recentlyfrom the Oriental Institute, her colleaguescollected $50 among themselves for anunusual retirement tribute. The money,through the University's Library Commemorative Fund, will purchase books,carrying her name, to be added to theLibrary collections.Herman H. Fussler, Director of theUniversity Library, discussed the Fundand the need for books."One source of help for the Universityin this endeavor has been the LibraryCommemorative Fund," he said. "Instrengthening the Library's resources, itmakes it possible for a donor to provide,in a very useful and dignified manner, a lasting mémorial or honor for a friend,relative, colleague, or perhaps a formerteacher."The vitality and intellectual strengthof the University are critically related tothe quality and scope of the collections.Thèse collections, already large, must notonly keep up with current publications ofgênerai scholarly interest, but respond to arapidly expanding array of Universityteaching and research."The Commemorative Fund has the ad-vantage of offering spécifie usefulness fora wide range of gifts. Donations to theFund can be specifically identified. Yearslater, particular books acquired throughsuch gifts will still be in the library, andthe donor will know that students or re-searchers will still be using them."Ail volumes acquired through the Fundare affixed with a commemorative platebearing the name of the person honoredand, if the donor wishes, his own name.The Library now has over 2,600,000books and periodical volumes, more than200,000 maps, and over 3,000,000 sheetsof manuscript materials, including thepapers and manuscripts of Saul Bellow,John Gunther, Julius Rosenwald, EnricoFermi, and many other distinguished figures. Also, it subscribes to more than29,000 periodicals and sériais. The Library has been adding over 100,000 booksa year — and even this may not be enough.As a resuit, the Library Commemorative Fund was begun three years ago, as asupplément to the University's unrestrict-ed budget funds, chiefly for the purchaseof important current books. Donationsmay be made to honor living, as well asdeceased, friends, relatives, or colleagues.A donor may specify a subject area inwhich he wishes to hâve the Library ac-quire material, and requests hâve beenmade for books in such diverse fields asLithuanian culture, fresh-water fishing,magie, Czechoslovakian history, and missions in Africa. However, most donorsgive the Library more maneuvering roomby leaving the subject area unspecified,freeing the gift for the more urgent teaching and research acquisitions.17Dr. Mehran GoulianActive DNA SynthesizedDr. Mehran Goulian, Associate Pro-fessor of Medicine, was a member of theresearch -team that succeeded in the firstsynthesis of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)which displays the full biological activilyof the natural molécules in living orga-nisms. The achievement took place at theStanford University School of Medicinewhile Dr. Goulian was a postdoctoralfellow working with Dr. Arthur Korn-berg, who was in charge of the project.Kornberg, a Nobel lauréate, is professorand executive head of Stanford's Department of Biochemistry. Dr. Robert L.Sinsheimer, a California Institute of Technology Scientist, tested the synthetic ma-terial and contirmcd its virulence.Drs. Kornberg and Goulian synthesizeda small DNA virus, representing five tosix gènes. (Some viruses contain severalhundred gènes.) The test-tube product,when taken up by its bacterial host, ordersthe production of exact replicas of itselfand the synthesis of ail the componentsof the complète infectious virus. The synthetic virus contained 5,000 to6,000 building blocks or letters which to-gether gave the recipe for a genetic trait.A single copying mistake in the entireséquence would hâve resulted in a garbledmessage and, therefore, in biologicallyinactive DNA.The scientists reported their results inthe December issue of the Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences. Theirwork, comprising nearly eleven years ofstudies of DNA synthesis in the testtube, was made possible by grants fromthe National Institutes of Health and theNational Science Foundation.Dr. Kornberg shared a 1959 NobelPrize for his work in turning a mixtureof inert chemicals in a test tube into man-made DNA. This early synthetic DNApossessed the physical and chemical prop-erties of DNA found in nature, but itwas biologically inactive. Since then several research groups hâve attempted tosynthesize an active form of the substance.An important step in the research wasthe discovery that the lack of activity wasdue to impurities in the enzyme, DNA polymerase, necessary in the experimentto promote formation of DNA. It contained other enzymes, called nucleases,which produced breaks in the DNA molécule, rendering it inactive. Dr. Kornberg and his associâtes succeeded in puri-fying DNA polymerase. Then they pre-pared a test-tube copy of DNA from afully-active DNA virus. Using a varietyof specialized laboratory techniques, theyseparated the synthetic material from theoriginal DNA and used the syntheticDNA as a template or mold for a secondround of replication. It produced a fullysynthetic DNA virus resembling the original in every détail. The process could berepeated many times with the new synthetic material, indicating no mistakeswere made in the test-tube synthesis.Dr. Kornberg cautioned against useof the phrase, "test-tube life." Addressingnewsmen, he said: "We would hesitate tosay that at a certain point life is breathedinto a molécule. That's why I hâve simplystated the facts and left it up to you."Dr. Goulian said that it is possible hisand Komberg's research will lead to abetter understanding of certain forms ofcancer and birth defects. "My spécifieinterest now is understanding the détailsof the manufacture of synthetic DNA,"said Dr. Goulian.Maroons 6-5-1 in SoccerThe soccer team finished its season withsix wins, five losses, and one tie. This isthe fourth winning season the Maroonshâve had in the team's twenty-one years.The 1956 record for highest number ofvictories (five) was broken. The team seta mark for most goals scored (twenty-five) and tied the records for most shut-outs (three) and most consécutive shutouts(two).The Maroons got off to a fast start withthree straight wins. But injuries to severalstarters in game number three — a victoryagainst Notre Dame — hurt the team se-verely. A lack of bench strength — thisyear's team had the fewest players intwenty years — was a severe handicap.18Oratorio FestivalThe tenth Rockefeller Chapel OratorioFestival Séries opened its 1967-68 seasonin November with the fîrst of six pro-grams, ail to be held in Rockefeller Mémorial Chapel.Benjamin Britten's Curlew River wasperformed for the fîrst time in Chicagoon November 12. The musical parablewas conducted by Thomas Scherman andperformed by the members of the ConcertOpéra Association and the first-chairplayers of the Little Orchestra Society.The Rockefeller Chapel Choir andmembers of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Richard Vikstrom,Director of Chapel Music, presentedGeorge Frederick Handel's Messiah onSunday, December 10. The Messiah wasrepeated December 11, as a spécial concert outside the séries.The group will perform A GermanRequiem and Nanie by Johannes Brahmson Sunday, February 4.On Sunday, March 10, the group willprésent the Mass by Igor Stravinsky,Apparebit Repentina Dies by Paul Hinde-mith, and The Peaceable Kingdom byRandall Thompson.The group will perform The PassionAccording to Saint Matthew by JohannSébastian Bach on Sunday, April 7.The séries will close Sunday, May 5,when the Choir and the instrumentalistsperform Te Deum by Zoltan Kodaly, andMass in F Minor by Anton Bruckner.The last four concerts will begin at 3:30PM. Tickets for individual concerts are$4.50 for reserved seats, $3.50 for gênerai admission, and $2.50 for students.$100,000 Ford Fund Giftto Graduate School of BusinessThe University has received $100,000from the Ford Motor Company Fund forbuilding improvements and expansion ofthe Graduate School of Business.The University was notified of the grantby Benson Ford, Président of the FordMotor Company Fund, who said: "The University of Chicago has continuallydemonstrated its leadership in éducationmethods and business research. Ability totrain young minds and govern the innova-tive talent of future leaders is a bulwark oftoday's business community. The FordFund is pleased to contribute to the cam-paign, and we are confident that the University will maintain its réputation by ex-panding with the needs of our country."The Ford Motor Company Fund is aneducational, scientific, and charitable organization financed primarily by contributions from Ford Motor Company. It is notrelated to The Ford Foundation. At theUniversity, the Fund has in the past con-tributed to the Associates Program of theGraduate School of Business as well asother University programs.Oscar Mayer PhD FellowshipThe Oscar Mayer Foundation has giventhe University $100,000 to establish theOscar G. Mayer PhD Fellowship at theGraduate School of Business.The gift, in the form of an endowment,will help outstanding PhD candidates tofinance their studies. The fellowship me-morializes the late chairman of the OscarMayer & Company méat processing fîrm.Oscar G. Mayer, Jr., a director of theFoundation and chairman of Oscar Mayer& Company, said, "The Graduate Schoolof Business at the University was alwaysregarded by my father as one of thefinest schools of its kind in the world.We feel that an Oscar Mayer Foundationgrant in his name, to help the school inits expansion program, is highly ap-propriate."George P_ Schultz, Dean of the Graduate School of Business, said, "The lateOscar G. Mayer was a distinguished andcréative business leader, and it is a privilège to hâve his name associated with theUniversity and the Graduate School ofBusiness. He was a pioneer in the prq-cessed méats field and an innovator inindustrial relations and had a lifelong dévotion to science and learning."The effects of this generous gift will be multiplied as its beneficiaries complètetheir PhD studies and go out to teach atother universities and schools of businessaround the country."Oscar Gottfried Mayer was born inChicago March 10, 1888. In 1909, heentered the family packing firm, becameprésident in 1928, and chairman of theboard in 1955. He died in March, 1965.He served at various times as a directorof the Chicago Public Library, trustéeand président of the board of the University of Illinois, président of the Institute of American Méat Packers, présidentof the Chicago Association of Commerceand Industry, and trustée of Beloit Collège.He had many friends at the Universityand contributed to the support of University programs in the biological sciences,humanities, theology, and business.Economie Forecasters Predict1968 GNP Growth, Some InflationAlthough beset by troubles— includinginflation— the nation's economy will continue its upward movement through 1968,two Chicago professors and a bankingofficiai predicted recently.Referring to "an economy that issprained and bruised," "an inflationarymerry-go-round," and "highly expansivemonetary and fiscal policies," they indi-vidually predicted that the Gross NationalProduct would rise by from 6.6 to 9 percent — to between $836 billion and $856billion — with half or more of the increasereflecting price inflation.Addressing more than 1,500 businessmen at the annual Business ForecastLuncheon, Dec. 8, sponsored by theGraduate School of Business and Executive Program Club, were Walter D.Fackler, Professor of Business Economiesand Associate Dean of the GraduateSchool of Business; Irving Schweiger,Professor of Marketing at the School andEditor of The Journal of Business; andBéryl W. Sprinkel, MBA'58, PhD'52,Editor of The Barometer of Business andVice-Président and Director of Research19of the Harris Trust and Savings Bank.The forecasters agreed that PrésidentJohnson's proposed tax increase, if itcornes, will be negligible in its effect, andthat rapid expansion of the money supplyearlier in 1967 and rising governmentalexpenditures would propel the economyin an expansive direction during the fîrstpart of 1968.Fackler said, "We are in a highly expansive phase . . . and the situation isgenerally inflationary." Fackler foresawa 9 per cent increase in GNP to an esti-mated $856 billion for 1968, with theeconomy reaching an annual rate of $875billion by the fourth quarter. He esti-mated consumer purchases would rise to$530 billion, private investment to $127billion, and government purchases to $194billion. He anticipated that net exportswould amount to $5 billion. Fackler alsosaid:— The proposed surtax, if passed, islikely to be swamped by both expendi-ture and money trends. In any event itsdampening effects would not be felt untillate in the year, when they "may even beperverse."— Government pay raises, the prob-ability of increased Vietnam and nationaldéfense spending, and increases built into1968 by earlier fédéral législation meancontinued high fédéral spending, whilestate and local government spending willcontinue to rise.— Inflationary fears, compounded bydévaluation of the British pound, willlead to a tighter monetary policy in thefîrst half of 1968, bringing a slowdownlater in the year.Schweiger gave what he called "a rel-atively pessimistic forecast," estimating1968 GNP at $836 billion— a real GNPgrowth of 3.1 per cent, with price inflation raising this to 6.6 per cent. "Thestrains and distortions resulting from er-rors in fiscal and monetary policy willcontinue to weaken and hold back theeconomy during 1968," he said. Schweigerpredicted:— The possibility of a short-lived moveto higher interest rates early in the year, followed by significant easing below cur- "rent levels later.— A slowing of the rate of increase ingovernment spending.— A decrease of business investment inplant and equipment by nearly 7 per centto $77 billion in 1968.— An increase of almost 7.6 per centin consumer spending that would tend tooffset the lag in business spending.Disposable personal income will riseby almost 6.8 per cent to reach $581 billion for 1968, Schweiger said. New autosales, at advanced priées, will total 8.6million units in 1968, compared with1967's 8.35 million, according to Schweiger. He predicted foreign cars would increase their share of the American mar-ket from about 750,000 this year to825,000 in 1968.He also foresaw a 10 per cent growthin private residential building for a $26.5billion total, but with building activity"on a roller-coaster" during the year because of alternate tightening and easingof crédit.Sprinkel, forecasting GNP growth to$851 billion in 1968, said that the rapidgrowth of the money supply earlier in1967 and the unexpectedly large cost ofthe Vietnam war hâve given the economyan expansive character that will persistinto next year. Sprinkel predicted that:— Consumer spending, which appears"poised for a significant upward thrust"during 1968, should rise 7 per cent to$526 billion.— Private investment will rise about14.5 per cent to $126 billion, with im-provements in construction and produc-ers' durables accompanied by inventoryaccumulation of perhaps $8.5 billion.— Increased fédéral spending plus asizeable rise in state and local outlayswill bring governmental expenditures to$195 billion.— The net export surplus will déclineto $4 billion or less."Economy euphoria has indeed van-ished," Sprinkel said. Nearly ail signs, headded, point to a "strong but straining"economy in the months ahead. PeopleThomas G. Ayers, Président of Com-monwealth Edison Company, recentlyspoke on "The Changing Nature of Collective Bargaining," the main address atthe thirty-third Annual Midwest Conférence on Industrial Relations in the University's Center for Continuing Education.Joan Benson, a leading clavichordist,presented a récital in the Joseph BondChapel on October 27. The concert, spon-sored by the Department of Music, fea-tured works written for the clavichordduring the sixteenth, seventeenth, andeighteenth centuries by composers such asGiroloma Frescobaldi, Cari Philipp Eman-uel Bach, and Joseph Haydn.Hans A. Bethe, a research associate atChicago in 1942-43, has been named win-ner of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics.Bethe is professor of theoretical physicsat Cornell. The prize was awarded for "hiscontributions to the theory of nuclearreactions and especially his discoveriesconcerning energy production of stars."Daniel J. Boorstin, the Preston andSterling Morton Professor of AmericanHistory, has been appointed by PrésidentLyndon B. Johnson to an Industry-Gov-ernment Spécial Travel Task Force tomake spécifie recommendations as to how20the fédéral government can best increaseforeign travel to the United States, therebyimproving the nation's balance of pay-ments.William Sloane Coffin, Jr., Chaplain atYale University, preached at a UniversityReligious Service at Rockefeller MémorialChapel on November 12. He spoke onthe moral and political dilemmas facingAmerica's students in regard to the warin Vietnam. Coffin is a dedicated civil-rights worker.Lee A. DuBridge, Président of the California Institute of Technology, deliveredthe Convocation address, "Fountainheadof Knowledge," at the University's 321stConvocation in Rockefeller Chapel onDecember 15.Irène A. Gilbert, a PhD candidate inpolitical science, spoke on "The Failureof Educational Prof essionalism : A Studyof the Educational Services in India" atFoster Hall on December 7. Her lecturewas the final one in a séries of threesponsored by the South Asia Seminar onthe gênerai subject of "Education andPolitics in India."Andrew M. Greeley, AM61, PhD'62,a Catholic priest who is Lecturer in theDivision of Social Sciences, Senior StudyDirector of the National Opinion Research Center, and a syndicated columnist,has written a new book, The CatholicExpérience, an interprétation of the his-tory of American Catholicism.Philip M. Hauser, '29, AM'33, PhD'38,Professor of Sociology and Director ofthe Population Research and TrainingCenter, spoke on "Human Rights and thePopulation Problem" at a public lectureat Kent Chemical Laboratory on November 11. The lecture was part of an all-day conférence on that topic sponsoredby the Committee on the Analysis ofIdeas and the Study of Methods in coopération with the United Nations Association of the United States.Dr. Louis N. Katz, one of the world'sleading cardiovascular physiologists, isVisiting Professor of Physiology for thefall and winter quarters. Dr. Katz is Director Emeritus of the Cardiovascular Institute at Michael Reese Hospital. Herecently was honored by the ChicagoHeart Association for his outstanding research on the dynamics of the heart,arteriosclerosis, and electrocardiography.He is especially noted for his discovery ofthe rôle of cholestérol in triggering heartdisease. A two-time récipient of the Dis-tinguished Service Award of the American Heart Association, he has served asprésident of that organization, as well asof the American Society of Arteriosclerosis, the American Physiological Society,and the Society for Expérimental Biologyand Medicine. He has written more than540 papers on his research.Anthony Low, Professor of History andDean of the School of African and AsianStudies at the University of Sussex, En-gland, gave two lectures on "Lion Rampant: Issues in the Study of British Im-perialism" at Foster Hall in November.The lectures, on "Empire and SocialEngineering" and "Empire and Tradi-tional Rulership," were sponsored by theCommittee for the Comparative Study ofNew Nations, in association with theDepartment of History, the Committeeon African Studies, and the Committeeon Southern Asian Studies.James E. Miller, Jr., AM'47, PhD'49,Professor of English and an authority onAmerican literature, spoke on "Absurdityin American Fiction" in Breasted Hall ofthe Oriental Institute, December 9. Histalk was the last in this year's autumnséries of Saturday Seminars for highschool honors students in the humanities.John U. Nef, Chairman of the Centerfor Human Understanding and a founderof the Committee on Social Thought, inDecember gave three public lectures andseminars on "Western Thought (ca. 1540-ca. 1789) and the Conquest of the Material World" at the Laird Bell Quad-rangle.William R. folk, Professor of MiddleEastern History and Director of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, gave apublic lecture in Mandel Hall on "TowardPeace in the Middle East," December 11.Dr. Dickinson W. Richards, 1956 No bel Lauréate and Lambert ProfessorEmeritus at Columbia University's Collège of Physicians and Surgeons, deliveredthe second annual Emmet Bay Lecture,"Hippocrates of Ostia," at the UniversityHospitals and Clinics.Lloyd I. Rudolph, Associate Professorof Political Science, discussed "StudentPolitics and National Politics in India" atFoster Hall on November 30. The lecturewas the second of a séries of three sponsored by the South Asia Seminar on theGeneral subject of "Education and Politics in India."Sol Tax, Professor of Anthropologyand Dean of the University Extension,said in a récent paper that among thedozen wars fought by this country, therewere three more unpopular among theAmerican people than the Vietnam con-flict. They were the Revolutionary War,the War of 1812, and the Mexican War.Tax said we may hâve been carried oninto a medium-unpopular war in Vietnamby idealistic inertia. Tax's paper was oneof eight on war presented at the openingof the American Anthropological Association^ 66th annual meeting in Washington, D.C., November 30.Ralph W. Tyler, educator and authorityon educational testing, gave the fîrst annual John Dewey Lecture in the LawSchool Auditorium, November 14. Theaddress on "Dewey's Impact on ModemEducation" was sponsored by the Parent'sAssociation of the Laboratory Schools.Tyler was Dean of the University's Division of the Social Sciences from 1948to 1953 after serving ten years as Chairman of the Department of Education.Benno von Wiese und Kaiserswaldau,Professor of Modem German Languageand Literature at the University of Bonn,West Germany, received an honoraryDoctor of Humane Letters degree at theUniversity's 321st Convocation at Rockefeller Chapel on December 15. He is aliterary scholar and a prominent interpréter of the works of Friedrich Schiller,the German dramatist and poet. He isnoted for his définitive biography ofSchiller, published in 1959.21ProfitesAlumni Trustées of the UniversityLife TrustéesCharles F. Axelson, '07Glen A. Lloyd, JD'23Frank McNair, '03Harold A. Moore, '15John Nuveen, '19Albert Pick, Jr., '17David Rockefeller, PhD'40Albert W. Sherer, '06Frank L. Sulzberger, X'07Henry F. Tenney, '13, JD'15TrustéesRobert O. Anderson, '39James W. Button, '39Norton Clapp, '28, JD'29Dwight M. Cochran, '27Emmett Dedmon, '39Howard Goodman, X'21Robert P. Gwinn, '29Ferd Kramer, '22Edward H. Levi, '32, JD'35Earle Ludgin, '20John F. Merriam, '25James L. Palmer, AM'23Ellmore C. Patterson, '35Charles H. Percy, '41Peter G. Peterson, MBA'51George A. Poole, '26Lyle M. Spencer, '38Sydney Stein, Jr., '23Théodore O. Yntema, AM'25, PhD'29James W. ButtonJames W. Button, '39, recently ap-pointed to the University's Board ofTrustées and Chairman of the President'sFund, is a man who will talk for hourson art, books, économies, or physiology.His interests hâve ranged widely since hisundergraduate days, when he took coursesin business, physiology, and geography.Today he is Vice-Président for Merchandising at Sears, Roebuck and Company,the world's largest merchandiser.Button's early interest in physiology atthe University was dampened somewhatby the shortage in those days of moneyfor fellowships and research— a situationnow vastly différent. Button worked as anassistant in doctoral research. "The graduate students I worked with often weremen in their thirties who were strugglingto support themselves and their familieson $3,000 a year. As I look back, itseems my économie drive was just toogreat, despite my scientific interests, topush on in the field."He was graduated in 1939 and, afterflirting with the idea of going to lawschool, finally decided on business, thefield in which he had majored. He turneddown a higher-paying position with an oilcompany to go to work for Sears because of its attractive management program and the opportunities offered inmerchandising and marketing.World War II and combat service inthe Navy intervened. After the war, But-ton returned to Sears and a new positionas a buyer of farm equipment. One of hisfîrst of many tricky merchandising problème, he recalls, was a homely one: howto improve hog feeders so they wouldn'tbe quickly worn out by the bristly animais. "There I was, a city boy with anerudite éducation from The Universityof Chicago, trying to outwit a bunch ofswine." Some modifications, with stain-less steel at critical points, did the job.The walls of Button's office at the Sears headquarters in Chicago hold anumber of impressionistic paintings sig-nifying a more-than-casual interest inart. Ail the canvases but one are his ownwork.Button began painting about eightyears ago on what he remembers as aboring, rainy Saturday morning in NewYork when he couldn't get out to the golfcourse. His two-year-old daughter wasplaying with finger-paints, and he joinedin. Seeing his growing enthusiasm, Button's wife got out some of her old oilsand brushes and some colorful NationalGéographie photos for inspiration. Buttonplunged in, not quitting until two o'clockin the morning. The next week he walkedinto an art-supplies store and said— likethe novice fisherman at Abercrombie &Fitch-"Outfit me!"Two years later, when he moved toCanada to become Président of Simpsons-Sears Limited, an enthusiastic art dealeradvanced him suddenly from dilettanteto semi-professional by putting his workson sale. While in Canada he also studiedunder the assistant principal of the Toronto Collège of Art.Button says that the development ofhis painting has roughly paralleled thehistory of western art, beginning with avery representational style and going onto what he now feels is "just a little leftof center of the impressionists." His technique is swift and energetic, and he some-times takes fifteen or twenty canvases todevelop an idea. "Working quickly avoidsa contrived look and gives a paintingspontaneity and freshness."He sees his painting as the resuit notof spécial talent but of "a great deal ofinterest. Anyone can enjoy painting if hehas feelings and ideas. It's not so muchthat I've achieved some compétence— it'sthat a whole new world has opened upfor me. I see more. My taste has broad-ened. And I'm acquiring an unusualappréciation of people who hâve realtalent."One person, in another field, that But-ton appréciâtes and admires is MiltonFriedman, the University's Paul Snowden Russell Distinguished Service Professorof Economies. He sends Friedman's booksto interested friends. "There's a greatdeal still not understood about our économie system— although there's no shortage of Monday-morning quarterbacks.Friedman probes — and illuminâtes — thebasic forces in our economy, and he'sexamining some supposedly inviolableprinciples of free enterprise. As an alum-nus, I'm proud of what he's doing."Button is a member of the boards ofdirectors of Sears, Roebuck and Company, the Allstate Insurance Company,the General Téléphone and ElectronicsCorporation, and Simpsons-Sears Limited.22He also is on the executive committee ofthe National Marketing Advisory Committee of the Department of Commerce.He has been with Sears since 1939, exceptfor his wartime service. "Completely sat-isfying years," he says, pointing to thecompany's encouragement of créativethinking. (He also points with some prideto the company's projects to help ghettoyouth in Chicago.) The business com-munity, he says, offers challenge and op-portunity in unlimited variety.To critics who claim that careers inbusiness are one-way tickets to conform-ity, Button answers that, although somepersons do give up their individuality, they would do so under almost any cir-cumstances, while truly créative peopleremain créative. "Good businessmen areno more preoccupied with security andconformity than were great teachers likeAnton Carlson, Arthur Compton, orTeddy Linn. It's also important to re-member that many great artists— in ailfields— were creatively unconventional intheir work but led quite normal, stablefamily lives. Nonconformity for its ownsake is meaningless, and there's nothingsadder than a critic of conformity whodrives himself to be différent."Button and his wife— the former LurenaStubbs— live in Winnetka, 111., with their daughter, Katherine. Their two sons aremarried: one is an Army lieutenant, sta-tioned in Germany, and the other is acollège student. Both sons decided— "ontheir own," he says— to study économies.Button is one of twenty-nine alumniwho are members of the University'sBoard of Trustées (see box). He also isa member of the Board's budget committee, a post he finds particularly in-teresting, both as a neweomer and as aman accustomed to communicating bymeans of figures. "It's the best and quick-est way to pick up the daily économieand administrative puise of the University." ?23CJOJB NBW8Alumni AssociationCabinet Election MesiiltsThe fîrst national élection of the Cabinet, the Alumni Association's govemingbody, took place late in 1967. It was thefîrst phase in implementing the Association's constitutional provisions for widerreprésentation and greater participationby the national alumni body.Mail ballots were sent to ail alumni,who were given the opportunity to voteon the nominating committee's slate ofcandidates or to write in candidates oftheir own. Write-in votes were east for542 alumni; and, while no write-in candidate received enough votes to be elected,the write-in names will be of interest tothe nominating committee for future élections. Total ballots mailed out were59,715; total returned were 3,692.Sixty-three Cabinet seats were filled inthe élection, thirty-two of them by newmembers. The revised constitution provides for a maximum of 150 members,with terms of three years. The Ml complément is expected to be reached with theélections of 1968 and 1969.One Cabinet member nominated forre-election, William S. Grey, III, '48,MBA'50, declined too late for his nameto be removed from the printed ballot,and so went through a pro forma électionand résignation.Following are the members of the newCabinet:New MernifeeirsDr. Charlotte G. Babcock, MD'38,PittsburghJesse B. Blayton, '35, AtlantaAlbert S. Cahn, SM'43, Los AngelesGrant C. Chave, AM'48, Birmingham,Mich.Merrill Cohen, SM'49, PhD'51, Marble-head, Mass.Mrs. John (Barbara Wenzel Gilfillan)Crowley, '44, PasadenaMrs. Clayton B. (Adèle Elvira Uskali)Edisen, PhB'50, PhO'54, New OrléansEdward I. Engberg, '52, Santa BarbaraDexter Fairbank, '35, Portland Raymond G. Feldman, JD'45, TulsaGeorge J. Fulkerson, AM'50,Birmingham, Mich.Leslie A. Gross, PhB'46, JD'49, DenverRobert S. Kasanof, AB'49, JD'52, NewYorkMrs. Fletcher (Laura Bergquist) Knebel,'39, PrincetonHarold S. Laden, '27, PhiladelphiaAlan S. Maremont, JD'51, San FranciscoPhilip L. Metzger, AB'38, AM'39,Kansas City, Mo.William R. Ming, Jr., PhB'31, JD'33,ChicagoThe Hon. Stanley Mosk, '33, SanFranciscoBurton B. Moyer, Jr., '39, WashingtonW. Robert Niblock, MBA'56, PittsburghHart Perry, AM'40, New YorkWalter I. Pozen, AB'53, JD'56,WashingtonGeorge A. Ranney, Jr., JD'66, ChicagoDaniel C. Smith, AB'37, JD'40, TacomaWilliam R. Sparks, '46, WashingtonAlbert C. Stewart, SB'42, SM'48, NewYorkMrs. K. A. (Emilie Rashevsky) Strand,'43, WashingtonRichard C. Totman, MBA'54, PhoenixEdwin P. Wiley, AB'49, JD'52,MilwaukeeJ. Ernest Wilkîns, Jr., SB'40, SM'41, SanDiegoRe=©lected MemlbeirsMrs. Géraldine Smithwick Alvarez, '34,ChicagoFred C. Ash, '38, JD'40, ChicagoHaron J. Battle, PhD'54, GaryCharles W. Boand, LLB'33, MBA'57,ChicagoGeorge T. Bogert, X'42, ChicagoSpencer C. Boise, '48, MBA'51,CincinnatiF. Strother Cary, Jr., '34, ChicagoJohn M. Clark, '37, JD'39, ChicagoGeorge W. Connelly, PhD'51, ChicagoJohn S. Coulson, '36, ChicagoJohn F. Dille, Jr., '35, AM'56,Elkhart, Ind.Mrs. Robert G. (Ruth Ann Johnson)Frazier, '49, Chicago Mrs. Joseph J. (Merilyn McGurk)Hackett, '45, ChicagoBrownlee W. Haydon, '35, Los AngelesHoward P. Hudson, '35, New YorkJerry Jontry, '33, New YorkDr. Frank B. Kelly, '18, MD'20,ChicagoHerman S. Kogan, '36, ChicagoHenry W. McGee, AM'61, ChicagoChester E. McKittrick, '20, ChicagoJohn G. Neukom, '34, San FranciscoMrs. William R. (Elizabeth Headland)Oostenburg, '44, OmahaMrs. William (Carol Hess) Saphir, '28,SM'31, ChicagoMrs. Calvin P. (Fay Horton) Sawyier,'44, PhD'64, ChicagoMrs. Charles (Jean Fletcher) Schnnidt,'47, MBA'49, ChicagoRichard J. Smith, '37, JD'39,Chesterton, Ind.Cari S. Stanley, '40, ChicagoBetty J. Stearns, '45, AM'48, ChicagoMichael Weinberg, Jr., '47, ChicagoDr. Vida (Mrs. Peter) Wentz, PhB'26,SM'27, -MD'35, ChicagoPhilip C. White, '35, PhD'35, ChicagoThe Hon. Hubert L. Will, '35, JD'37,ChicagoFacing page, upper photo: Prof. DavidGrene with New Orléans alumni after hisaddress on December 14.Lower photo: the New York Club's annual fall cocktail party, November 6.For information on coming events, orfor assistance in planning an event in yourcommunity with a guest speaker from theUniversity, contact (Mrs.) Jane Steele,Program Director, The University of Chicago Alumni Association, 5733 UniversityAvenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, Ml3-0800, ext. 4291.24COMING EVENTSCleveland: January 25Grosvenor W. Cooper, Professor in theDepartment of Music and Collège Hu-manities and Chairman of the Committeeof General Studies in Humanities, willspeak at a dinner at The Higbee Co.New Orléans: January 29Dr. Humberto Fernandez-Moran, Professor in the Department of Biophysics,will be guest speaker.New York City: February 2Philip M. Hauser, Professor of Soci-ology and Director of the PopulationResearch and Training Center, will beguest speaker.Boston: February 8Dr. Humberto Fernandez-Moran, Professor in the Department of Biophysics,will be guest speaker.Chicago: February 8, 9, and 10The newly-elected Alumni Cabinet willhold its fîrst meetings.Madison, Wis.: February 16George R. Hughes, Professor of Egyp-tology and Associate Director of the Oriental Institute, will introduce and comment on the award-winning film, "TheEgyptologists." Dr. Alan Entin is program chairman.San Francisco: February 20Bruno M. Bettelheim, the Stella M.Rowley Professor of Education, Professorin the Departments of Psychology andPsychiatry, and Principal of the SoniaShankman Orthogenic School, will beguest speaker.Pittsburgh: February 22Dr. Daniel X. Freedman, Professor andChairman of the Department of Psychiatry, will be guest speaker.Philadelphia: February 23Dr. Daniel X. Freedman, Professor andChairman of the Department of Psychiatry, will be guest speaker.25New YorkEdwin Diamond, Senior Editor ofNewsweek, spoke on "Shut Up, He Ex-plained!— Thoughts on the Blabber MouthSociety" at the Williams Club on December 7. The meeting was the first of thisacadémie year's séries of informai monthlygatherings.William H. McNeill, Professor of History, spoke on "The Theory and Practiceof World History" at the Roosevelt Hôtelon December 15. A réception followed.PhiladelphiaGeorge R. Hughes, Professor of Egyp-tology and Associate Director of the Oriental Institute, introduced and commentedon the award-winning film, "The Egyp-tologists," at the Benjamin Franklin Hôtelon December 17. A brunch preceded theshowing of the film.BostonGeorge R. Hughes, Professor of Egyp-tology and Associate Director of the Oriental Institute, introduced and commentedon the award-winning film, "The Egyp-tologists," at the Sheraton-Boston Hôtelon December 13. Cocktails were servedbefore the film.New OrléansDavid Grene, Lecturer in the Committee on Social Thought, spoke on "Pityand Fear and the Modem Audience: AView of Greek Tragedy" at the TulaneUniversity Center on December 14. Aréception followed.BaltimoreDavid Atlas, Professor of GeophysicalSciences, spoke on "The Atmosphère andBeyond" at the Sheraton-Belvedere Hôtelon December 7. A réception followed.Dallas/ Fort WorthGeorge R. Hughes, Professor of Egyp-tology and Associate Director of theOriental Institute, introduced and commented on the award-wining film, "TheEgyptologists," at the Muséum of FineArts in Dallas on December 6. A réception followed the film. ChicagoWilliam R. Polk, Professor of MiddleEastern History and Director of theCenter for Middle Eastern Studies, "spokeon the topic, "Toward Peace in the MiddleEast," at Mandel Hall on December 11.After the talk, presented by the OrientalInstitute and the Center for Policy Study,a Champagne réception was held at theQuadrangle Club.HoustonGeorge R. Hughes, Professor of Egyp-tology and Associate Director of theOriental Institute, introduced and commented on the award-winning film, "TheEgyptologists," at Rice University FacultyClub on December 5. A réception anddinner preceded the film.MilwaukeeFour Chicago scholars spoke before350 alumni and guests at a conférenceon "Communist China: Perspective andPolicy" at the Pfister Hôtel on November18. Tang Tsou, Professor of PoliticalScience, spoke on "The Cultural Révolution" at the luncheon session in the GrandBallroom. Robert Dernberger, AssociateProfessor in the Departments of Economies and Social Science, began the after-noon panel session with a talk on "China'sEconomy." Norton S. Ginsburg, Professorof Geography, spoke on "China as aWorld Power." And Morton A. Kaplan,Professor of Political Science and Chairman of the Committee on InternationalRelations, discussed "China and theUnited States in Asia." C. Ranlet Lincoln,Director of Alumni Affairs, was moder-ator of a discussion after the talks. Aréception for panelists and guests followed. The Conférence was presented bythe Milwaukee alumni club, the Milwaukee World Affairs Council, and theWisconsin League of Women Voters, incoopération with the University's Centerfor Policy Study.Right: Tang Tsou, Professor of PoliticalScience, addressing the Milwaukee ChinaConférence in the Pfister Hôtel Ballroom.26-^ssmirià«£ '«S* '(v»**27Alumni News 16Rheua Shoemaker Pearce, PhD' 16, director of the Home Delivered Meals Program for the Hull House Association inChicago, has been presented a Hall ofFamé Award by the Chicago Commissionfor Senior Citizens.19Ruth Fox, PhB'19, MD'27, a founder,past président, and a member of the executive board of the American MédicalSociety on Alcoholism, spoke on "TheProblems of the Alcoholic" at a récentseminar in Albany, N.Y.20Mark W. Tapley, SB'20, PhD'23, hasjoined the staff of the Senior PersonnelPlacement Bureau of New Rochelle, N.Y.24S. Vernon McCasland, AM'24, PhD'26,professor of religion at the University ofVirginia in Charlottesville for twenty-eight years, retired in June, 1967. He wasnamed Visiting Professor of New Testament at Lexington (Ky.) TheologicalSenjinary for 1967-68.2iPhilip Davidson, AM'25, PhD'29, hasretired as président of the University ofLouisville and has accepted a position asadviser in higher éducation to the South-east Asian Régional Office of the FordFoundation in Bangkok, Thailand.Burt T. Hodges, AM'25, retired thisspring after thirty-one years at DenisonUniversity in Granville, Ohio. He servedtwelve years as Bursar and nineteen yearsas Treasurer and Secretary of the Boardof Trustées. 26Thaddeus V. Adesko, X'26, Illinois Ap-pellate Court Justice, has been namedchairman of the committee on planningand development for Alliance Collège,Cambridge Springs, Pa. Thomas KluczynskiJackson B. Adkins, PhB'26, a mathe-matics instructor at Phillips Exeter Aca-demy and supervisor of mathematics inthe Harvard Newton Summer School,Portland, Me., spoke orj "The SecretWorld of School Mathematics" at a récent program sponsored by the WaynfleteSchool in Portland.Richard Kozelka, AM'26, retired inJune as dean of the School of BusinessAdministration at the University of Minnesota, will take a teaching post and direct graduate studies in the Collège ofBusiness Administration at the Universityof South Florida, Tampa.Estber Lazarus, PhB'26, director of theDepartment of Public Welfare in Baltimore, Md., was the subject of a long profile in the September 3 Baltimore Sun.Miss Lazarus has been in social servicefor over thirty years.Lucia Roggman, X'26, was honored ata spécial service by members and friendsof the St. Paul Evangelical LutheranChurch in Garnavillo, Iowa, on her sixty-fifth anniversary as Church organist. 27Thomas E. Kluczynski, LLB'27, wassworn in as an Illinois Suprême CourtJustice last spring. He and his wife, Me-lanie, and their daughter, Nancy, wereguests this summer at the dedication cérémonies of the Illinois Bar Center in Spring-field. Justice Kluczynski has offices at theCivic Center in Chicago and travels toSpringfield, 111., when the Suprême Courtis in session. 29W. Hayden Boyers, PhD'29, a formerprofessor of French and faculty directorof the Oberlin Collège Gilbert and Sullivan Players, has been named professor ofdrama at St. Paul's Collège in Lawrence-ville, Va.Alfred W. Bowers, AM'29, PhD'48, afaculty member at the University ofIdaho, Moscow, Idaho, has written a book,Hidatsa Social and Cérémonial Organization (Bureau of American Ethnology), Donald H. Daltonwhich deals with a tribe of Indians inNorth Dakota.Archibald J. Carey, Jr., X'29, a circuitcourt judge and former minister of theWoodlawn A.M.E. Church, has beennamed to the board of trustées of GarrettTheological Seminary, Evanston, 111.Fred G. Cotnam, PhB'29, a MethodistChurch pastor, was honored at a publicréception upon his retirement last summer from the active ministry.Leona Lorimore Klliott, PhB'29, andher husband, Owen, received the Distin-guished Service Award from the University of Iowa last June.Gerson Engelmann, AM'29, pastor ofFaith United Protestant Church in ParkForest, 111., spoke on "Pressures on Children" at a meeting of the Crète (111.) elementary PTA early in 1967.Philip M. Glick, PhB'29, JD'30, hasbeen appointed Assistant Director forPolicy and Légal Adviser to the FédéralWater Resources Council, Washington,D.C.Robert I. White, Jr., PhB'29, AM'36,PhD'45, président of Kent (Ohio) StateUniversity, was elected chairman of theBoard of Trustées of the American Collège Testing Program of Iowa, at its annual corporation meeting this spring inKansas City, Mo.Edwin H. Wilson, AM'29, minister ofthe Unitarian Fellowship of Lafayette,Ind., recently spoke on "The Fear of Religion" at the Unitarian Church in Lexington, Ky.| 31Quirinus Breen, PhD'31, professoremeritus of history at the University ofOregon, has been awarded an honoraryLitD by Carthage Collège, Kenosha, Wis.Donald H. Dalton, '31, a Washingtonattorney, has been re-elected président ofthe Columbia University Club of Washington, D.C. His wife is the former IrèneMartin, PhB'30. Their daughter, Doris,'65, is married to John R. Harper, SM'65,PhD'67, a teacher of mathematics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.28Write To Us!^ ^ Send us news ofyourself or anyalumni you know^^^^^_^^^^ for thèse pages.Paul W. StutsmanFrank A. Janecek, SB'31, AM'58, amathematics instructor at Morton Eastand Morton Junior Collège, Berwyn, 111.,has been named head of the division ofmathematics and science at the Mortonschools. Mr. Janecek has taught there forover thirty years.Dorothy Long, AM'31, chairman ofthe department of languages and speechat Northern Oklahoma Junior Collège atTonkawa, was one of the judges for TheTulsa Tribune 29th annual OklahomaSpelling Bee.Earl V. Pullias, AM'31, professor oféducation at the University of SouthernCalifornia, has been elected to his thirdternis as président of the Los AngelesCounty Board of Education.Clarence E. Swingley, AM'31, PhD'50,was named Acting Superintendent ofSchools in Gary, Ind., on July 25, 1967,for a one year period.32H. B. Tukey, PhD'32, Professor Emeritus and former head of the Department ofHorticulture at Michigan State University, has been awarded the 1967 LibertyHyde Bailey Gold Medal of the AmericanHorticultural Society for his services tohorticulture as "scientist, teacher, author,and world leader." 34Athan A. Pantsios, SB'34, SM'36,PhD'38, vice-président and technical director of the Illinois Adhesive ProductsCompany, wrote an article, "Adhesivesfor Adhesive Bound Books," for the Aprilissue of Graphie Arts Monthly.Jess Stein, AM'34, a vice président incharge of the Collège Department andRéférence Department at Random House,Inc., of New York City, has been electedto the Board of Directors of RandomHouse. Mr. Stein also is editor-in-chief ofthe Random House Dictionary Of TheEnglish Language.Paul W. Stutsman, SB'34, a researchconsultant at Raytheon Company's Com- ponents Division, Quincy, Mass., is theinventor of an improved cold cathodetrigger tube. Mr. Stutsman, who has beenwith Raytheon for thirty-three years,holds forty-three patents in the électrontube and allied fields.35Cecily Grumbine, AB'35, SM'38, AM-'53, MD'57, has been named président ofthe Colorado Society of Psychologists inPrivate Practice.B. Franklin Gurney, SB'35, SM'38, associate professor of endodontics at LoyolaUniversity School of Dentistry in Chicago,wrote an article, "Chemotherapy and TheDentist," for the August issue of OralHygiène.Rolland F. Harfield, '35, AM'35, Minnesota commissioner of administration,was married in Chicago last spring to theformer Charlotte Tragnitz, '35.Frank Holland, PhB'35, art co-ordinatorand lecturer at New Trier High Schoolsin Winnetka, 111., recently was one of thejudges for the annual art exhibit of theWoman's Club of Evanston, 111.Irwin E. Perlin, PhD'35, head of Geor-gia Tech's mathematical analysis department, has been named to head the RichElectronic Computer Center at GeorgiaInstitute of Technology in Atlanta.Robert A. Preston, AM'35, professor ofreligion at Bethany Collège and a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Air Force Reserve,has been serving without pay as an AirForce Chaplain Area Représentative atRobins Air Force Base in Georgia.Loyd W. Rowland, PhD'35, director oféducation and research for the LouisianaAssociation for Mental Health, recentlywas the featured speaker at the LifeMembership Luncheon of the TéléphonePioneers of America, Lone Star Chapter22N. in Fort Worth. Tex.37Alden R. Loosli, '37, a retired executivehas been appointed to a resigned seat inthe City Council of Plainfield, N.J.Léo J. Yedor, AB'37, AM'38, PhD'46, has been appointed a sociology teacher atthe Collège of DuPage, Wheaton, 111.Omar J. Fareed, SB'37, MD'40, a spe-cialist in the field of internai medicine,recently was the featured speaker at ameeting of the Alpha Circle of the Churchof Religious Science of Beverly Hills,Calif. He presented a film showing hiswork with Albert Schweitzer in Africa.Jean Garrigue, AB'37, an author, teacher, and poet, has had a volume of his poe-try published, New And Selected Poems(The Macmillan Co.).Oscar Lanphar, SB'37, AM'40, hasbeen named business manager of the Junior Collège District 505 in Champaign, 111.Donald M. Mackenzie, AM'37, PhD'-55, président of Park Collège, Parkeville,Mo., was the commencement speaker forthe June graduating class at Loyola University in Chicago.Barbara Moulton, AB'37, a member ofthe Fédéral Trade Commission, was honored as one of the top career women ingovernment in Washington early this year.Théodore T. Puck, SB'37, PhD'40, professor of biophysics in the University ofColorado School of Medicine, has beenelected to fellowship in the AmericanAcademy of Arts and Sciences. 39Alfred deGrazia, AB'39, PhD'48, Professor of Social Theory in Government atNew York University, has written a newbook, Passage of The Year (QuiddityPress), a collection of his poetry. Mr. deGrazia has two children studying at theUniversity — Jessica, Class of '69, andPaul, Class of '71. They are, he writes, thetwelfth and thirteenth members of thefamily who hâve had some direct connection with The University of Chicago.Alfred T. DeGroot, PhD'39, Professorand Chairman of Church History at BriteDivinity School of Texas Christian University, left in October as Dean of the Shipon Chapman College's world cruise, acombined travel-and-learn excursion.Walter Heiby, '39, président of Précision Equipment Co. in Chicago, has written a new book, The New Dynamic Syn-29thesis, on stock market trading techniques.Norman Kaplan, AB'39, AM'48, XeroxProfessor of International Economies atthe University of Rochester (N.Y.), hasbeen awarded a postdoctoral Ford Foundation grant to continue his study of Soviet capital formation and économie growth.40Margaret C. Fagin, AM'40, director ofcontinuing éducation for women and associate professor of éducation at the St.Louis branch of the University of Missouri, spoke on "The Politics of PublicEducation" at a récent state convention ofthe American Association of UniversityWomen in Decatur, 111.Walter H. Kaiser, AM'40, librarian ofWayne County, Mich., was presented the1967 Melvil Dewey Award by the American Library Association.James D. Wharton, MD'40, a formerdirector of the Division of CommunityHealth Services for the U.S. Public HealthService, has been appointed health com-missioner of Cincinnati, Ohio.41Albert K. Berkson, '41, has been namedvice président of Salk, Ward & Salk, Inc.,a mortgage banking firm in Chicago.Fred T. Holden, PhD'41, has been pro-moted to Senior Professional Geologist inHumble Oil and Refining Company'sOklahoma City office.Earl K. Hyde, '41, PhD'46, a nuclearscientist at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley,wrote on "Nuclear Models" for the July,1967, issue of Chemistry.William F. Sheeley, MD'41, MentalHealth Commissioner for Indiana, spokeon "Getting Well Ain't Enough" at a din-ner meeting last summer of the RushCounty (Ind.) Association for MentalHealth. 43Cari H. Laestar, SM'43, has been appointed a médical rating specialist on dis-ability évaluation in the adjudication de- Edna Homa Huntpartment of the Vétérans Administrationrégional office, Huntington, W. Va.John E. Wicklatz, SM'43, has beennamed director of chemical research atGeneral Mills, a food Company in Minne-apolis, Minn.45Roger Englander, PhB'45, a télévisionproducer-director, has staged his fifthmusical extravaganza, a New York Philharmonie Young People's concert at theParsons Collège, Summer Fine Arts Festival.48Wallace L. Anderson, PhD'48, dean ofUndergraduate Studies and professor ofEnglish at State Collège of Iowa, has written a new book, Edwin Arlington Robin-son: A Critical Introduction (HoughtonMifflinCo.).Edward F. Will, Jr., PhB'48, SB'49,MD'53, has been named chief of the médical staff at McHenry (111.) Hospital.John Withall, PhD'48, head of the Department of Secondary Education atPenn-sylvania State University, University Park,Pa., spoke this spring on "Teacher Behav-ior and the Classroom Learning Atmosphère" at a "Teacher Career Month" program at Geneva Collège, Beaver Falls, Pa.50 ~Walter Chizinsky, SM'50, former headof the science department at Bennett Junior Collège, Millbrook, N.Y., recentlyjoined the science faculty at Briarcliff(N.Y.) Collège. 52Edna Homa Hunt, AM'52, former Is-raeli journalist and business scholar, wasthe first woman awarded the degree ofDoctor of Business Administration fromthe Harvard University Graduate Schoolof Business Administration early this year.Connie Sturgis White, '52, received herMD from Temple University School ofMedicine, Philadelphia, in June 1967. Sheis interning at Cleveland Clinic Hospital. BJFÏGeorge E. Baille Mrs. Pilar Rotella55William E. Mackie, AM'55, has beennamed associate professor in history atVirginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg,Va.60George E. Bailie, MBA'60, has been appointed executive vice-président of theFood Products Division of Union CarbideCorporation in Chicago.Bryna Bailin, AM'60, a former instruc-tor at New York State University, hasbeen appointed a French teacher at RickerCollège, Houlton, Me.62Michael Oppenheimer, '62, has beenappointed an assistant rabbi to specializein youth activities at Washington (D.C.)Hebrew Congrégation.Mrs. Pilar Vives Rotella, AM'62, assistant professor at St. Xavier Collège inChicago, received a new citizen citationlast summer from the Citizenship Councilin Chicago. She has an undergraduate degree from the University of Barcelona andis working for a doctorate in comparativeliterature at Chicago. 65James U. Taylor, MBA'65, has been appointed controller of W. R. Grâce & Co.'sIdéal Roller opérations, Chicago, a manufacturer of printing and industrial rollers.Michael A. Yesner, BA'65, MBA'67,recently joined the advertising departmentof The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. 67John L. Adams, AB'67, and Nancy L.Houghton, AB'66, were married in Aug-ust, 1967. Both are doing graduate workat the University.H. Robert Berg, AM'67, was married toDorothy Muetzel of Cleveland, Ohio,early this fall. They are in Tubingen, Ger-many, where Mr. Berg is attending theUniversity of Tubingen.30George F. Dick, MD'05 (Rush), former head of the department of medicineat The University of Chicago and co-developer of the vaccine and test forscarlet fever, died Oct. 11, 1967.Helen Jacoby Evard, '07, past président of the New England Historié Societyand the Genealogical Society of Pennsyl-vania, died Aug. 19, 1967. *James R. McCarth, PhB'07, a whole-sale lumber executive in New Orléans,has died.Milo M. Scheid, '07, MD'09, died June25, 1967.Dudley K. Woodward, Jr., JD'07, former chairman of the board of régents ofthe University of Texas and a retiredattorney, died Aug. 7, 1967.Benjamin H. Badenoch, PhB'09, insurance underwriter for the NorthwesternMutual Life Insurance Company of Milwaukee, died Aug. 3, 1967.Bertram G. Swaney, AM'09, died Oct.21, 1967.Stephen S. Visher, '09, SM'10, PhD'14,an Alumni Citée, former contributor tothe Magazine, and long time AlumniFund chairman in Bloomington, Ind.,died Oct. 25, 1967.George W. Bartelmez, PhD' 10, of Mis-soula, Mont., died Sept. 2, 1967.Ernest M. Hall, X'10, died July 9,1967.Harry B. Hershey, JD'll, a retiredIllinois Suprême Court Justice, died Aug.30, 1967.Gertrude Fish Rumsey, PhB'12, diedSept. 17, 1967.Léo Hardt, '14, SM'15, MD'17 (Rush),a former teacher at Loyola Universityand the University of Illinois, died Dec.23, 1966.Richard K. Huey, X'14, a pioneer inthe modernisation of the oil drilling business, died Aug. 23, 1967, in Tulsa, Okla.George R. Murray, LLB'14, of Dayton,Ohio, died Sept. 14, 1967.Henry V. Burgee, X'17, died July 11,1967.Moses B. Levin, PhB'17, of Safed,Israël, died Dec. 1, 1966.Caroline M. Bensley, '18, has died. Roy G. Pavy, AM'18, of Chester,Conn., died July 6, 1967.Kenneth H. Goode, '21, SM'24, anassociate professor of chemistry at Western Illinois University, Macomb, 111., diedSept. 23, 1967.Andrew C. Scott, Sr., PhB'21, a retired gênerai attorney of the Chicago,Burlington, and Quincy Railroad, diedAug. 15, 1967.Maurice De Koven, '22, a former attorney for the Chicago office of theDepartment of Health, Education, andWelfare, has died.Quaesita C. Drake, PhD'22, a retiredprofessor of chemistry at the Universityof Delaware in Newark, has died.Florence Leavitt Krupke, X'22, ofHouston, Texas, died Aug. 11, 1967.L. D. Thompson, AM'22, a formerteacher at The University of Chicago,died in February, 1966.Bessie E. Boggess, PhB'24, of Mem-phis, Tenn., died in March, 1966.Roy W. John, PhB'24, JD'25, a retired vice président and gênerai counselof the Atlantic Richfield Co., Philadelphie Pa., died Sept. 4, 1967.L. Irène Putnam, '24, MD'28 (Rush),a member of the Public Health Service inMilwaukee, Wis., died in August, 1967.Sena Sutherland, AM'24, died Aug. 6,1967.Henry N. Harkins, '25, SM'26, PhD'28,MD'31 (Rush), chairman of the Department of Surgery at the University ofWashington in Seattle and one of thecountry's leading surgical scholars, diedAug. 12, 1967.Franz K. Mohr, AM'25, has died.Rolland D. Todd, PhB'25, AM'28, aretired vocational counselor for the Vétérans Administration, died May 24, 1967.J. Russell Christianson, PhB'25, JD'29,an Alumni Citée and former village président and trustée of Oak Park, 111., diedJune 28, 1967.Douglas Scates, PhD'26, professor oféducation at the University of Florida,died Nov. 16, 1967. The Collège of Education has established a mémorial fundin his honor. Jessie R. Parker, PhB'35, AM'55, diedSept. 12, 1967.Helen Wordelman, PhB'36, formerdean of women at Northern State Collège in De Kalb, 111., died July 12, 1967.Gordon W. Winbigler, JD'37, diedJune 15, 1967.George B. Grabow, AB'38, JD'40, diedOct. 5, 1967.David B. Prichard, AM'40, of theMichigan Department of Social Welfare,died July 23, 1967.Joseph Shapiro, JD'40, of Niles, 111.,has died.Carol B. Varulo, AM'40, a formerremédiai reading teacher in the CranfordSchool System, Elizabeth, N.J., died Sept.3, 1967.Anna Warriner Goodheart, '42, diedSept. 16, 1967.Earl E. Hicks, X'43, a teacher atRancho High School in Las Vegas, diedOct. 6, 1967.John H. Kent, PhD'43, a Roberts Professor of Classical Languages and Literature at the University of Vermont inBurlington, died Sept. 27, 1966.Ellen R. Morris, PhB'47, AM'51,AM'61, a psychologist at Sunland Train-ing Center, Gainesville, Fia., died Oct.29, 1967.Henry Folmer, PhD'48, of Denver,Colorado, died Nov. 1, 1967.Martin Staenberg, AM'51, of Omaha,Nebraska, has died.Wendell P. Bradley, AM'52, a free-lance boating writer, died July 13, 1967,in an auto accident.Janet C. Fiscalini, AM'53, died in July,1967.Martin L. Kain, '59, MD'63, a facultymember at the University of Leeds inEngland, his wife, Emily, '62, AM'64,and their 15-month-old son were killedAug. 9, 1967, in an auto accident inRotterdam where they were attending the52nd Universal Conférence of Espéranto.James R. McHarg II, MBA'60, ofHorseheads, N.Y., died Aug. 29, 1967.Burkhard Seelig, MCL'62, an attorneyin Hamburg, Germany, died July 21,1967.31ARCHIVESJanuary, 1893 — John D. Rockefellerpledged one million dollars to the University, bringing its total endowment toseven million dollars. Only Cornell, Harvard, and Columbia Universities hadlarger endowments in the United States.A campus controversy was in prog-ress over "monopolistic" bookstore prac-tices. A University News editorial accusedthe bookstore, operated by the University Press, of overcharging for books,stationery, and supplies, and of "seekingnot to benefit the students but to profitby them." The editorial also accused thebookstore of blocking attempts by students to arrange to purchase books atcost. Subséquent articles discussed trierelative merits of coopérative bookstores,such as the ones in successful opérationat Harvard and Yale, which fixed priéeson a cost-plus-expenses basis.Morgan Park Academy, the University's coeducational prep school, completed its first term with ninety-six students in résidence. The Academy waslocated in the Morgan Park buildingsvacated when the divinity school movedhère. In keeping with the University'sinnoyative year-around schedule, theAcademy announced it would hold asummer term.There was considérable talk of estab-lishing a University - affiliated médicalschool composed of a union of the bestmédical collèges in the city. Rush Médical School, the largest in the city, with700 students and 5,000 alumni, indicatedits interest in the plan. One Rush professor proposed the establishment of a gov-ernment-supported military médical schoolfor cadet officers, a medical-college équivalent of Annapolis and West Point, alsoto be affiliated with the University.Coach Stagg began training the fîrstbaseball team. Indoor infield practicewas in progress at the gymnasium, wherea large section had been left unflooredfor the purpose.The University's Christian Union announced plans to establish a seulementhouse in the Stock Yards district, staffed by men and women of the University andpatterned after Hull House.The editorial staff of the UniversityNews, the campus daily and forerunnerof the Maroon, voted on January 17 toplace control of the paper in the handsof the student body, making it their officiai organ. The paper had been foundedas a private eriterprise on October 17,1892, and proved to be self-supporting.A new constitution provided for électionby the student body of the editorial staiï,which was to split any profits in proportion to inches of copy contributed. Thefour-page daily was published Mondaythrough Saturday and was distributed oncampus and at Brentano's downtown and57th Street bookstores. Subscriptionswere $1.00 per quarter and single copieswere three cents each.The University Extension inauguratedits system of evening and Saturdayclasses, with three Chicago locations:Cobb Hall, Newberry Library, and theChicago Academy. Lorado Taft began aséries of lectures on the art at the Col-umbian Exposition.Martin A. Ryerson, Président of theBoard of Trustées, gave the University$100,000 for organizational expenses andnew equipment. The gift carried thestipulation that an additional $400,000be pledged from other subscribers byMay 1. Ryerson's gift brought his totalcontributions to the University to nearly$300,000.January, 1918 — The first of the University War Papers, an article on "TheThreat of German World Politics" byPrésident Harry Pratt Judson, was printedfor circulation to the nation's collègesand second ary schools. Other articleswere being prepared by members of thefaculty. The purpose of the séries ofpamphlets was to offer information onthe war and its causes.An officiai American Red Cross unitwas organized in January for campus vol-unteers who were rolling bandages andknitting garments. Over 800 women hadvolunteered for knitting alone during the previous quarter, and December production of knitted garments totalled 532. AUniversity of Chicago army unit at Al-lentown, Mass., had been completelyequipped with knitted socks, helmets, andsweaters.A campus chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi,the national Negro fraternity foundedfive years earlier, was approved by thefaculty and instituted in January. Plansfor initiations and for establishing ahouse were in progress.Jessie A. Botke's mural paintings,"Masque of Youth," on the walls of thethird-floor Ida Noyés théâtre were un-veiled January 26. The work was com-missioned by Mr. LaVerne Noyés, donorof Ida Noyés Hall, and depicted amasque, "The Gift," performed at thededication of the building in June, 1916.Plans for the new Quadrangle Club at57th Street and University Avenue weresubmitted to the club directors by thearchitect, Howard Shaw.A severe blizzard struck the Chicagoarea on January 6 and 7. Its fifteen-inchsnowfall was driven by winds that leftdrifts up to fifteen feet deep on campus,paralyzing city vehicular traffic andsharply reducing class attendance. Over250 students, faculty members, and ROTCcadets volunteered to shovel snow. Afew days later, an outraged Maroon editorial said the University was falselyflattering itself for what were inconse-quential snow-shovelling accomplish-ments — e.g., widening a street alreadycleared for single-lane traffic but no-where making it wide enough for twovehicles to pass each other. Subséquentsnowfalls brought the month's total totwenty-four inches, an all-time record. Acity-wide coal shortage followed, causingmany businesses to be shut down andthreatening many private homes.January, 1943 — The first issue of theChicago Maroon appeared on January14. The new weekly paper was a com-bination of the old Daily Maroon andPuise magazine in a merger precipitatedby wartime économies.32The new quarter was the first in whichthe University's approximately 5,000 students were outnumbered by military personnel in training hère. On campus wereNavy signal and radio schools, an Institute for Military Studies, an Army AirForce Institute of Meteorology, a SignalCorps electronics and radio school, aCivil Aeronautics Administration schoolfor pilot instructor training, and variousclasses sponsored by the U.S. Office ofEducation in military mapping, statis-tics, geometrical optics, and optical shopwork.Sears, Roebuck and Co. announced onJanuary 20 that it was giving the Ency-clopaedia Britannica, Inc., to the University. University Vice-Président WilliamBenton, instrumental in the arrangements,was named Chairman of the Board. Anyprofits would go to the University. Ex-cept for advisory help from the faculty,there were no plans for University participation in its management or organization. The Britannica had been in thehands of Sears since 1920, when JuliusRosenwald, Président of Sears, advisedtaking it over to préserve it from bank-ruptcy and the threatened destruction ofits printing plates.LettersMore Evidence, PleaseGentlemen: The author, condenser,and/ or headline writer of the article,"Why Johnny Can't Count" [UCM, November, 1967], should read, Wayne Booth'sarticle— and take it to heart ["RhetoricToday, Left, Right, and Center," UCM,November, 1967].After carefully reading the "Johnny"article, I learned that our U.S. Johnnycannot count, but I did not learn why. Ithink Dean Booth would join me in ask-lr*g, "Where is the évidence, please?"There were a few times I thought I was moving in on hardcore évidence ordata, only to be told such hope-punctur-ing things as:— "However . . . this is a tentative find-ing which needs further investigation."— "Class size has an inconclusive re-lationship to mathematics scores."— "Where teachers had more postsec-ondary éducation, pupils had higherscores, but the relationship is weak."Any way, I continue to enjoy the Mag-azinel Thanks.Durrett Wagner, X'59ChicagoCabinet Ballot CorrectionGentlemen: The récent ballot for theAlumni Association's Cabinet électioncontains two serious inaccuracies :( 1 ) I am not "a former managing editor of Look magazine." I was at one timethe editor of one of Look's sister publications.(2) The position of Director of Publications at the Center for the Study ofDémocratie Institutions is filled capably,as it has been for years, by Edward Reedand not by me. I am a Senior Fellow ofthe Center.Edward Engberg, '52Santa Barbara, Calif.The North QuadrangleGentlemen: Although I am not analumnus of the University, I am verymuch interested in the North Quadrangleproject [UCM, November, 1967]. I con-sider this a most significant advance inuniversity planning in that it not onlyprésents an exciting architectural solution for the amorphous campus, but alsoincorporâtes an educational philosophydesigned to counteract the discreteness ofuniversity life.H. Edward HarringtonVanderbilt UniversityGentlemen: The North Quadrangleproject is the most exciting since mygraduation. How it has been needed! Iwas a member of Blackfriars, with a bit-part in "A Night of Knights," but aside Letters accepted for publication aresubject to careful condensation. Addresscorrespondence to: Editor, The Universityof Chicago Magazine, 5733 UniversityAvenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637.from that my cultural activities had tobe off-campus (super with the ChicagoGrand Opéra Company, etc.). There wasno center for the arts. Now there is to be.I hâve only a small income, but Iwould like to pledge the next increase inmy Social Security benefits to the NorthQuadrangle.Since my retirement in 1957 I hâvehad time to be a "ham" in local théâtreproductions. At 73 I played CardinalWolsey in "A Man for Ail Seasons" andtwo parts in "Dylan" hère at the OakRidge Playhouse.We alumni hère are quite excited overwhat happened there yesterday [the nuclear anniversary and dedication of theHenry Moore sculpture]. Oak Ridge andChicago should be close.George Caldwell, '15Oak Ridge, Tenn.Carlos Castillo, PhD'23Gentlemen: I hâve been very muchdisappointed at the Magazine's lack ofattention to the passing of professorswhose lives and activities hâve contributedto the prestige of the University and tothe quality of its alumni.A simple sentence marked the deathof Professor Carlos Castillo last spring.Dr. Castillo— a scholar, a teacher, and ateachers' teacher— had a marked influenceon countless foreign language teachersthrough his classes, his lectures, and thetexts and films he wrote and edited. Inaddition, he had a strong personal influence on ail his students— non-teachers,too— by virtue of his character, his highstandards, and his being a truly cultivatedperson.Professor William M. Schuyler [AM'34,PhD'38], of the University of Illinois/Chicago Circle, arranged for a mémorialservice for Dr. Castillo, held during theMLA Ôonventioh in Chicago on December 29. I sincerely hope that to reportthis mémorial service will be in harmonywith the policy of The University of Chicago Magazine.Agatha Cavallo, '23 i AM'25Los Angeles33m(¦! f s P.Dostowkythe notebooks forCIk Idiotedited by Edward Wasiolektranslated by Katharine Strelsky /t. t. -. -^*+SObserving the créativeprocess in action . . .Dostoevsky found The Idiot arduouswork. He went through at least eightplans and many variations on each —working in dismal surroundingsabroad, haunted by Personal tragedyand feelings of guilt. His notebooks —literary documents as well as sourcesof psychological insight — show, entryby entry, page by page, how order cameout of turmoil, how the novel took shape.You may never hâve experienced before this closeness to genius, this ex-hilarating empathy with greatness.This volume follows the notebooksfor Crime and Punishment, the inti-mate story of another masterwork inthe making, which the N. Y. TimesBook Review called . . ."Extraordinarilyinteresting . . . wholly necessary to anystudy of the complicated developmentof Dostoevsky's art." $6.95 each A*uUS^*~*~i<$ *4irtu<4>4tr $âj ujIî) vÏ)h#ù/T) JfStill fi t4kjj ê Ao (^^J^^UJ^H^^U^ 1THE COMPLETE PLAYS OF WILLIAM CONGREVEEdited by Herbert DavisThe master of Restoration comedy, in an édition based on thefirst printed quartos. Ail later changes made by the play-wright are recorded in separate notes, as are the circum-stances under which the plays were written, first performances, and actors. Obscure références are elucidated in othernotes. $12.50 REALITY AND THE HEROIC PATTERNLast Plays ai Ibsen, Shakespeare, and SophoclesDavid Grene"We are such stuff as dreams are made on, and our littlelife is rounded with a sleep . . ." Sophocles and Ibsen, as wellas Shakespeare, hâve written their answers to the questionsof life in their last plays. Hère are stimulating essays on afascinating concept. $5.00THE BLUE SWALLOWSPoems by Howard NemerovMarius Bewley, in the Partisan Review, compared Nemerovto Thoreau, "... a similarity that is not, certainly, parallel-ism, but which exists in a serenity of tempérament, a water-clear and air-cool vision of reality that both writers share."$4.50THE ARTS AND THE PUBLICEdited by James E. Miller, Jr., and Paul D. HerringContributors : Saul Bellow, Anthony West, Wright Morris,Léon Edel, Alan Schneider, Albert Bermel, Robert W. Corri-gan, Richard F. Brown, Max Kozloff, Harold Rosenberg, andWilliam Arrowsmith. $6.50MUSIC, THE ARTS, AND IDEASPatterns and Prédictions in Twentieth-Century CultureLéonard B. MeyerThis book is an attempt to understand the présent — to dis-cover some pattern and rationale in the perplexing, frag-mented world of twentieth-century culture. $7.95 GILBERT BEFORE SULLIVANSix Com/c Plays by W. S. GilbertEdited by Jane W. Stednian"A Very, Very, Very, Very, Pleasant book."-ELiOT fremont-SMITH, N. Y. Times. "... a delightful blend of scholarshipand charm . . ."—N. Y. Times Book Review. $6.95TOLSTOY ON EDUCATIONEdited and with an introduction by Reginald D. ArchambaultA group of essays, long out of print, which reflect Tolstoy'sinterest in éducation. It is not widely known that the writerfounded an expérimental school as well as a pédagogie magazine. Both foreshadowed John Dewey by many years. Someof Tolstoy's ideas may inspire a re-thinking of today's educational philosophy. $6.00UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS ra'sS<4