The University of Chicagomagazine November 1967The North Quadrangle>» * Hi,*4FitThe University of ChicagomagazineVolume LX Number 2November 1967Published since 1907 byTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATION5733 University AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637(312) 643-0800, ext. 4291Fay Horton Sawyier, '44, PhD'64PrésidentC. Ranlet LincolnDirector of Alumni AffairsConrad KulawasEditorREGIONAL OFFICES39 West 55 StreetNew York, New York 10019(212) 765-54801028 Connecticut Ave., Suite 618Washington, D.C. 20036(202) 296-37823600 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1510Los Angeles, California 90005(213) 387-2321485 Pacific AvenueSan Francisco, California 94133(415) 433-4050Subscriptions: one year, $5.00;three years, $13.00; fiveyears, $20.00; life, $100.00.Second-class postagepaid at Chicago, Illinois. AUrights reserved. Copyright 1967 byThe University of Chicago Magazine. Ail- Alumni IssueComplimentary copies of this issue are being sent to ail alumni, in addition to regular sub-scribers. The University of Chicago Magazine, published monthly (October through June) foralumni and the f aculty, is an excellent means of keeping regularly inf ormed about the University.For those who would like to receive it, subscription information and a coupon are on page 39.ARTICLES2 The North QuadrangleA new concept in académie environment10 The Contemporary Chamber PlayersPictures and the schedule for the new season12 'Now Don't Try to Reason with Me':Rhetoric Today, Left, Right, and CenterPart one of a two-part article by Wayne C. Booth16 Ronald S. Crâne, 1886-1967A mémorial of the Chicago critic and teacher, by William R. Keast18 Why Johnny Can't CountCondensed report on an international study20 The Remote Possibility of Communicationby Milton MayerDEPARTMENTS23 Quadrangle News29 People30 Profiles36 Club News38 Alumni News43 Memorials44 ArchivesFront Cover: An architectural model of the proposed new North Quadrangle (see story, page 2).Inside Cover: Students at the Woodward Commons cafétéria.Photography Crédits: Front cover, inside cover, and pages 3, 4, 6, 7, 24, 31, and 34 by TheUniversity of Chicago; pages 10, 11, 28, 36, and 37 by Uosis Juodvalkis; page 19 by S tanKarter; page 33 by Vernon J. Biever; page 17 courtesy of Mrs. Ronald S. Crâne; pages 26 and 27courtesy of Prof. Anthony Turkevich and the Laboratory for Astrophysics and Space Research.A new concept in académie environment:The North QuadrangleA midnight discussion of Descartes' influence on Spinoza; an evening spent hearing a concert or watching andthen debating the merits of a new Harold Pinter play; alunch-hour stroll through the art gallery to see a travelingBraque exhibit from the Louvre; a few hours spent tossinga football or playing tennis.Ail of thèse activities sound enticing and stimulating.And there is a strong feeling at The University of Chicagothat they should ail be part of campus life, that éducationis not just hovering over a microscope or taking a tutorialexam.Education does mean books, laboratory equipment, andgood prof essors. But a well-rounded university life alsorequires leisure activities, a variety of cultural opportunities,and the kind of ferment that cornes from contact outsidethe classroom.The University plans to create the physical f acilities thatwill f oster this kind of an environment.The master plan for this North Quadrangle was devisedby Edward Larrabee Barnes, an award-winning architectwho has had extensive expérience in working with collègesand universities. It présents an exciting concept in campusliving— a mixture of cultural, recreational, athletic, andhousing f acilities within a single community setting.Briefly, the North Quadrangle will include:—The Student Village, consisting of a variety of under-graduate and graduate living units for men and women, anddining, récréation, and study f acilities.—The Center for the Arts, consisting of a Théâtre, MusicBuilding, and Art Center.—New athletic facilities, including a gymnasium, athleticfields, a track, swimming pool, and tennis courts.The North Quadrangle will be located within a six-block-long green island bounded by Cottage Grove and University Avenues, and 55th and 56th Streets.Gifts from private donors to help build the North Quadrangle are being sought during the Campaign for Chicago,the University's three-year effort to raise $160,000,000.The Campaign is the first step in a ten-year $360,000,000program to improve every aspect of the University.The goal for the North Quadrangle is $23,830,000. Itbreaks down this way: $14,580,000 for the Student Village; $7,250,000 for the Center for the Arts; and $2,000,-000 for the first phase of the athletic complex. Many of the athletic facilities for the North Quadrangleare included in the ten-year program, and additional fundswill be sought following the présent Campaign.The North Quadrangle represents an innovative step ^campus living. It will be a place where students mix withstudents, with faculty, and with people from the surround-ing community who corne to attend cultural events.The careful planning that has gone into the project willenable the Quadrangle to function as an intégral part of theentire campus. In fact, it will be a main axis for movementwithin the University. The new Lutheran Theological Sem-inary and the homes of many faculty members and graduate students are to the North. The Science Center and theJoseph Regenstein Library will be to the South.What amounts to a double use of space has been achievedby the placement of the various units. The facilities withinthe Student Village— snack bar, dining halls, and outdoorcafé— will be available to persons who attend a performance in the Center for the Arts. The adjacent open areasform a pleasing backdrop for both the student housing andthe Arts buildings.When completed, the entire North Quadrangle will addanew dimension to the University's intellectual life.In the words of Edward Barnes, "This is a rounded community where work, relaxation, exercise, and culture are ailmixed just as one would hope to find them in life . . . thiscommunity is an organic unit and at the same time anintégral part of the larger neighborhood around it."The Student VillageThe Student Village will be the heart of the North Quadrangle.Hère students, faculty, and people from the communitywill mingle easily in an area unlike that at any university inthe nation. The housing units will surround a square-anold-world-style courtyard paved in cobblestones or bridwith shade trees, benches, and a fountain.An outdoor café will invite the passerby in, perhaps toeat lunch or just to sit and ruminate. There will be a con-tinuity and variety to delight the eye and stimulate thebrain.A bookstore, a snack bar, and even a post-office will besituated on the streets of the Village, ail within easy walking2Artisfs conception ôf the North Quad-wngle's central plaza, looking north.distance of each other. The streets will be short and on ascale that will create a feeling of intimacy. No vehicles willbe allowed, and ail deliveries and such services as trashremoval will be underground.In an era when ponderous campus structures seem to bethe rule, the architecture of the Student Village will empha-size the interaction of the buildings with the human beingswho use them. The Village will be a place where people willwant to spend time, want to sit and work or let hours pass.There will be offices for student activities. Dining roomfacilities will be for students and visitors and for eveningfunctions that might involve large segments of the University community. The dining halls will face west and thelarge Windows will overlook the playing fields.The individual housing units, which will accommodate900 students, hâve been designed to provide as muchvariety as possible. They range from six-story towers withrooftop gardens to two-story wings overlooking grassycourtyards. There also will be apartments— efficiencies, onebedrooms, and studios— in single-story structures set inrows throughout the Village. Both undergraduates andgraduate students will live hère and the accommodationswill be suitable for either men or women.A large percentage of single rooms hâve been includedso that no student need double up if he doesn't want to.The single rooms, however, will be constructed to openUlto four and five-room suites if needed. Ail rooms will beair-conditioned.The living units will be organized into "houses" withthirty to sixty students in each. This is the standard practicein dormitories and goes back to the very beginning of theUniversity. A Résident Head will live in an apartmentwithin each house.Eàch house will hâve its own areas for study and récréation, a reading room with a small référence collection, andsnack facilities.Throughout the Village the emphasis will be on privaçy,variety, comfort, and flexibility. It is extremely importantthat the housing be set up so that the University can respondto any possible changes in the years ahead. No one can becertain what type of units will be the most popular and themost utilized. The stress on variety and flexibility will en-able the University to meet whatever needs develop.The Student Village will answer a critical shortage in4housing. Enrollment has been increasing, and housing hasnot kept pace. In the 1965-1966 académie year, 800 morestudents applied for résidence facilities than the Universitycould accommodate. At the same time the numbpr of avail-able low-cost, ofï-campus apartments for students declinedbecause of the revival of Hyde Park as an attractive community in which to live.But, of course, the Student Village will do more thanserve as a good hôtel. It is clear that a campus home is asimportant to the student as his books or his friends. It is aplace where he cornes together with others of widely-differing backgrounds to live in a community, to work inde-pendently, and to grow both intellectually and emotionally.The University of Chicago seeks the best studentsthroughout the nation. It wants to provide them with a stim-ulating and meaningful campus life, so that they may bringtheir own contribution to the University.A New Center for the ArtsThe Center for the Arts is a concept that will improvethe cultural life of the University and the city.A University Théâtre Production of Brecht's MotherCourage; a Michaelangelo Antonioni film festival; a performance by the New York City Ballet; a concert by Rudolf Serkin or the University's own Contemporary ChamberPlayers; a touring exhibit of paintings by Paul Klee: ailare possible présentations in the University's proposedthéâtre, art gallery, and récital hall.It has become évident that campuses must play an in-creasingly important rôle in the nation's cultural activities.^lore and more, universities are becoming not only com-munities of scientists and scholars, but also of poets, writers,actors, and musicians.The trend is for educational institutions to sponsor thebest and most original works in the performing arts. TheUniversity of Chicago is in the forefront of that trend.The ThéâtreDuring thp mid 1950's a young pre-med student andsome friends hung Japanese lanterns in a drab» abandonedstore on East 55th Street. They scrounged up some dilapi-dated tables and chairs, nailed together a stage— and startedPhotos at left and overleaf are of an archi-tectural model of the North Quadrangle. a group called the Compass Players.The pre-med student was working his way through theUniversity as a jingle judge and janitor. His partner was a"dark haired, hostile girl" he met after she glared at himthroughout his acting stint in a University Théâtre production of Miss Julie. Perched on high stools, the pair lam-basted everything from a radio personality dubbed "JackEgo" to the phenomenon known as "momism."The pair was Mike Nichols and Elaine May. With other"unknôwns"— Shelley Berman, Barbara Harris, Paul Sills— they launched a new kind of "Chicago comedy"— acerbic,spontaneous, intellectual. The appeal was that of improvisation, the humor satiric but not "sick." The Compass Playerswere the forerunners of the famed Second City group andinnovators of a brand of humor which has influenced théâtreever since.The Players were typical of the kind of expérimentationthat has characterized théâtre at Chicago. The Universityhas no drama or speech department. Yet a great deal oftalent and enthusiasm hâve gone into productions since thefounding years.One of the earliest student efforts on record was TheDeceitful Dean, a musical comedy starring Amos AlonzoStagg, the football coach and athletic director. Legend hasit that Stagg flopped as an actor, prompting Président William Rainey Harper to quip, "Go back to football and I'Ubuild you a whole new stadium!"The University— and Stagg— survived the production andwent on to build a théâtre program which has involvedthousands of students, faculty, and community people overthe years. Today a variety of groups présent fare rangingfrom Shakespeare to the Théâtre of the Absurd.University Théâtre recently ofïered Measure for Measureand Richard III by Shakespeare; The Hostage by BrendanBehan; Minna Von Barnhelm, written by G. E. Lessingand translated by Professor Kenneth Northcott; andLysistrata by Aristophanes.Court Théâtre, inaugurated as a Molière festival in 1955,plays to 17,000 each summer, has a professional stafï offifteen and receives critical récognition in the national press.Offerings of the University's "Tonight at 8:30" sériesprompted a local cri-tic to write, "The organization hasmaintained the highest possible level of repertory in worlddrama."5Other théâtre groups include Blackfriars, who spoofUniversity life, and the Strolling Players, who parody médiéval plays, using outdoor, portable sets.The University's faculty includes two distinguishedauthor-playwrights. Saul Bellow, professor on the Commit-tee on Social Thought, is considered one of the leadingAmerican writers of this génération. His plays hâve beenpresented on Broadway, in London, and in Spoleto, Italy.They hâve never found a stage in Chicago. Author RichardStern has written nve published novels and a volume of shortstories. He is one of three playwrights commissioned towrite for the expérimental branch of the Lincoln CenterRepertory Théâtre.The University initiated a professional théâtre programin 1966 with the production of Moliere's The Misanthrope.It played to critical acclaim and 12,000 persons. Another12,000 had to be turned away because the play had to bepresented in the Law School auditorium, which is smalland inadéquate for theatrical productions.Mandel Hall, which serves at présent as the main théâtrearea, also is inadéquate. Equipmènt is outmoded, the stageis inflexible, and it is constantly in demand for other pur-poses.The University plans to build a $2,000,000 théâtre thatwill be used for University and professional productions. Itwill allow the University to invite repertory companies to thecampus, to import productions from New York and abroad,to play host to local companies like the Hull House Théâtre,and to présent serious motion picture art. It will be valuableas a research and académie instrument for the University'sstudents and staff.The Music BuildingThe Department of Music is an active cultural force:—Composer Ralph Shapey directs the ContemporaryChamber Players, an internationally acclaimed ensemblewhich enables modem composers to be heard. In 1965 theCCP presented performances in Carnegie Hall which theNew York Herald Tribune said "were absolutely mag-nificent. Mr. Shapey has built in his new home a splendid ensemble of youngsters who respond with sympathy andvirtuosity to the demands of some of the hardest music.. . . They were cheered to the sky."— Easley Blackwood has been cited as "one of America'smost promising composers." His String Quartet No. 1 waspremiered by the Budapest String Quartet in the Library ofCongress. He recently completed a violin concerto commissioned by Yehudi Menuhin,—Howard Brown directs the Collegium Musicum in theperformance of Médiéval and Renaissance music. Membersuse authentic instruments from the composer's time, includ-ing lûtes, recorders, harpsichords, and médiéval fiddles.They recently performed the first opéra ever written, "Euri-dice," by Jacopo Péri.—Edward Lowinsky, the Ferdinand Schevill Distinguished Service Professor, has made significant contributions to our understanding of early music. Of his studies,Igor Stravinsky has written: ". . . perhaps the most excitingin the history of music, his method is the only kind of 'writ-ing about music' that I value."—Léonard B. Meyer, Chairman of the Department, hascontributed a major work in aesthetics, Emotion and Mean-ing in Music. It has become a classic in the field.To illustrate the scope of the Department's offerings, lookat a récent four-week period. It included lectures by composer Aaron Copland and English musicologist Alan Tyson;two concerts by the Collegium Musicum; a concert andchildren's concert by the University Symphony Orchestra;and performances by the Contemporary Chamber Players,the Rockefeller Chapel Choir, and carilloneur DanielRobins.The Chicago Symphony Orchestra présents concerts oncampus each spring which include a séries of world premières. In the spring of 1967, two of the works were University of Chicago commissions.The Department is presently handicapped by a lack ofmodem facilities. It is housed in a converted Victoriaorésidence lacking in space and impossible to soundproof-Practice rooms and rehearsal facilities are limited. Storagespace and offices are at a minimum. The Department isblocks from the Music Library.6Says Shapey, "we are like a five-year-old in a baby crib.We are bursting at the seams."The $2,850,000 Music Building will contain a concerthall with a stage large enough for a 100-piece orchestra; alobby and réception area; a large classroom-rehearsal areaand two smaller classrooms; music studios; practice andlistening rooms; faculty studies; and a music library.The facility will enable the Department to establish aUniversity chorus, to présent additional lectures and concerts on campus, and to revive the tradition of noon concertsseveral times a week. It will enable the University to présentconcert fare not normally available in the city. It will bringstudents and faculty together in a lively community for thestudy, performance, and composition of music.The Art CenterUniversity of Chicago artists and arts historians are in-terested in everything from the origins of South Asian art tocomputer stimulated sculpture. Hère:—The Rev. Harrie A. Vanderstappen, chairman of theArt Department, is an authority on far Eastern Art— and isprobably the only ordained priest to head a department in anon-sectarian school. When his religious order sent him toChina twenty years ago, he lived next to an old Chinesepalace which housed the art department of Fu Jen CatholicUniversity. "They needed someone for the art faculty, so Itaught a course. I haven't done anything else since," he says.— Graduate student Jon Severtson recently held an exhibition of the only known computer-stimulated sculpture."It's merely a tool," he says, "and useless without the humanconnection. The computer manipulâtes ail possible com-binations of éléments— rectangles, squares, circles, and stripsof néon colors. It éliminâtes the mechanical, but not thecréative, effort."—Art historian Pramod Chandra is directing the newAmerican Academy of Benares, India, a unique center forthe study and excavation of South Asian art. Four graduatestudents in art are presently studying at the academy.-Virginio Ferrari is the University's sculptor-in-resi-dence. Of his work, critic Franz Schulze recently wrote, ". . . the best of it is among the most impressive sculpture toappear hère this season . . . The smaller, simpler, blunterbronzes— many of them quite récent and often of an eroticnature— hâve a fierce impact."—Robert Scranton, Professor of Art and of ClassicalLanguages and Literatures, co-directed an expédition whichprobed the forgotten and partly-submerged ruins of theancient port of Kenchreai, Greece. Among the remains ofwhat is believed to be a temple honoring the Egyptian god-dess Isis, Scranton and his students recently discovered 1 00glass mosaic panels, a tremendously valuable art find.—The Department's potter-in-residence is Hiroaki Mo-rino, who has twice won the Grand Prize of the nationalJapan Art Exhibition. He is one of several distinguishedpotters who hâve taught and worked on campus.Thèse are but a few of the students and staff members whoare active in the Department. Their facilities, however, hâvebecome overcrowded. Classroom space is inadéquate, thelibrary is too small, and gallery facilities are extremely lim-ited. A new building is needed to provide essential exhibitionareas, a larger library, classroom facilities, and facultystudies.The $2.4 million building program will contain 8,500square feet of galleries for touring exhibits and permanentcollections and an outdoor sculpture garden. A $1,000,000gift for the gallery has been provided by the Smart FamilyFoundation. The gallery will be named in honor of Davidand Alfred Smart, founders of Esquire magazine. JohnSmart, chairman of the board of directors of Esquire, Inc.,and of the board of trustées of the Foundation, said hisbrothers' admiration for The University of Chicago andtheir concern with art éducation led to the décision to establish a gallery in their memory. The Foundation, establishedby the founders of Esquire in 1959, has also made majorcontributions to médical research.The new gallery will enable the University to build itsown art collection, serve as a vital teaching tool, and provide a workshop for a new muséum curatorship program.Joshua Taylor, the William Rainey Harper Professor ofHumanities, has no doubt about the importance of the ArtCenter and its gallery to the University.7THE BLUM COMMITTEEThe North Quadrangle is the end product of extensiveplanning and study by a Faculty Advisory Committee onStudent Résidences and Facilities.The Committee, chaired by Walter J. Blum, Professorof Law, consulted with other faculty members, architects,planners and more than one hundred students during theyear-long study.They reviewed ail of the on-campus dormitories oper-ated by the University, married student housing, athleticfacilities, and dining areas."[We] found ourselves considering such diverse opérations as the dormitories, the University Bookstore,Jimmy's Tavern, and the Postal Substation," the finalreport stated.The Committee agreed that housing and related facilities for both married and unmarried students be locatedwithin walking distance of the campus ; that it be plannedto create a "lively, well-traveled campus;" that it includea wide variety of types of housing to meet individual needs.Members stressed the importance of including facilitiesfor educational, recreational, and social activities withinthe housing units to foster group cohésion, small groupstudy, and social deveîopment. They also encouraged thedevelopment of cultural and athletic facilities as a "signif-icant factor in attracting and holding students."The Committee made six principal recommendations.Included were the development of more buildings inHyde Park for married student housing; the constructionof an apartment building for unmarried students on ornear campus (the new building was completed this fall) ;the conversion of Bartlett Gymnasium into a center for"The révélation of thought in pictorial fashion is unre-producible in any other language," he says. "Art is not asubstitute kind of expérience. ït is no less serions than read-ing a book— and no less rewarding. Both expand the edgesof our awareness and understanding."The Art Center also will contain a large lecture hall, two women's athletics; and the modernization of ReynoldsClub-Hutchinson Commons and Ida Noyés Hall forcenters of student activity.Their most dramatic recommendation was the development of a large area near the campus which wouldcombine housing, dining, athletic, and cultural facilitieswithin a community setting. Architect Edward LarrabeeBarnes has transformed thèse recommendations into plansfor the North Quadrangle.Committee Members:Walter J. Blum, Professor of Law, ChairmanJoseph J. Ceithaml, Professor of Biochemistry, Deanof Students, Division of Biological SciencesLloyd A. Falîers, Professor of AnthropologyNorton S. Ginsburg, Professor of GeographyGwin J. Kolb, Professor of English and Chairman,Department of EnglishJames E. Miller, Jr., Professor of EnglishJames M. Redfield, Associate Professor and ExecutiveSecret ary, Committee on Social Thought, and Master,New Collegiate DivisionJoseph J. Schwab, the William Rainey Harper Professor of Natural Sciences (Collège) and Professor ofEducationJoshua C. Taylor, the William Rainey Harper Professor of Humanities (Collège) and Professor of ArtKarl J. Weintraub, Associate Professor of History,Director, Tutorial Program, and Chairman, Committeeon History of CultureWarner A. Wick, Professor of Philosophy, formerDean of Studentsclassroom-seminar rooms, faculty offices, a student lounge,and an art library.The new facility will enable those in the University community to see traveling exhibits from the world's greatmuséums, and will be an invaluable instructional tool forthe faculty and students.8Athletic FacilitiesOn the first day of classes seventy-five years ago, AmosAlonzo Stagg, the University's football coach and athleticdirector, assembled his prospective warriors in WashingtonPark to teach them the game. A week later his team playedHyde Park High School— and won 12-0. Stagg himself hadto play to keep his squad full.That same week, baseball, track, tennis and basketballwere added to the schedule, and participation sports becamefirmly entrenched in the University's program.In William Rainey Harper's words, "sports will be con-ducted for the students, not for the spectacular entertain-ment of enormous crowds of people."The athletic work of the student is a vital part of studentlife. Under the proper restrictions it is a real and essentialpart of the collège éducation. The athletic field, like thegymnasium, is one of the University's laboratories and byno means the least important one."Today the emphasis is still on participation. Last yearsome 4,800 students, organized into 700 intramural teams,participated in activities ranging from touch football toriflery. University teams competed in eleven intercollegiatesports: baseball, basketball, cross-country, fencing, golf,gymnastics, soccer, swimming, tennis, wrestling, and trackand field. Faculty and student clubs sponsored everythingfrom rugby to karaté.Interest in athletics is growing (participation increased275 per cent between 1956 and 1965). But available facilities are either disappearing or, in the case of BartlettGymnasium, are overcrowded and antiquated. For example:Greenwood Field, once used for baseball, soccer, intramural softball and toùch football, is now the site of the LawSchool.Ingleside Field, used for touch football and women's softball, gave way to the new Social Service AdministrationBuilding and faculty housing.Dudley Field, used for intramural sports, is now the siteofanewdormitory.And the Joseph Regenstein Library is rising on StaggField, long the hub of the athletic and physical éducationProgram.The graduai loss of athletic areas is highly regrettable.But in each case, the space has been used for important aca démie purposes. This has resulted in a crisis that the University plans to meet by creating new athletic facilities.The proposed athletic complex includes a gymnasium ex-tending along Cottage Grove Avenue; a 440-yard trackrunning north and south between 55th and 56th Streets;fields for football, soccer, and softball; a baseball diamond;and an enclosed swimming pool.The gymnasium will contain four basketball courts; seatsfor 2,500 spectators; ten squash courts; two handball courts;and rooms for gymnastics, wrestling, judo, fencing, andweight training. Twelve tennis courts will be built on theroof.Like every other part of the North Quadrangle, the athletic areas hâve certain aspects that are unique. The gymnasium is the focal point for a set of facilities that hâvebeen planned down to the last inch. Although small spectatorstands will be built, there is no large outdoor stadium. Thespace has been given over to fields instead of spectators.The careful thought that has gone into the preliminary planswill help to satisfy the needs of students, faculty, and guestsfor athletic facilities that can be fully utilized.The goal, of course, is to provide the kind of playing areasthat best serve the purposes of amateur sports. The plansnow being worked out do just that.TJLhe North Quadrangle is one of the most ambitiousprojects ever undertaken by a university. A long and com-prehensive effort has been made to plan an environmentthat will not only satisfy a wide variety of fundamental re-quirements but also foster a spirit of creativity. But masterplans, no matter how exciting and complète, do not corneout of the architect's office equipped with a magie wand.The North Quadrangle is a plan in the Chicago manner— bold imaginative, and precedent-breaking. It grew withinexorable logic out of the University's needs. Much ofChicago's future success will dépend upon completing ailof the individual projects within this $23.8 million program.Those who help to finance the new Quadrangle— and thereare many différent gift opportunities — will make a sig-nificant contribution to the total strength of the University. ?91967-68 concerts scheduled in Chicago and New York:The Contemporary Chamber PlayersThe Contemporary Players are present-ing nine concerts in Mandel Hall duringthe 1967-68 season. Admission to ail butthe last two concerts is free, and each be-gins at 8:30 PM. The CCP also will présent three concerts in New York City onMarch 21, 22, and 23.The first concert, given Oct. 10, presented four works by Luigi Dallapiccola:Liriche Greche, Parole di San Paolo,Cinque Canti, and Preghiere. The composer was présent to discuss his works andto conduct the first two sélections. Soprano Neva Pilgrim and baritone CharlesVan Tassel were soloists. Dallapiccola isrecognized as an outstanding composerwho has successfully wedded the until-nowdisparate techniques of twelve-tone musicand Italian lyricism.At the second concert on Tuesday,November 28, Easley Blackwood will givea récital featuring ail the piano works ofArnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, and Anton Webern. The CCP will play compositions byMorton Subotnik, Morton Feldman, andLuciano Berio on Friday, December 8.On Friday, January 26, the FrommMusic Foundation and the CCP will présent a program devoted to the compositions of Stefan Wolpe.Jan Herlinger, the flutist, will give arécital on Friday, February 2. He will beaccompanied by the CCP.On Friday, February 23, the CCP'sString Quartet will présent a concert. Themembers hâve not announced their program.A concert of works by young Americancomposers— Charles Malcolm Dodge, JohnPerkins, Allen Blank, Richard Wernick,and Easley Blackwood— will be presentedon Friday, March 1 .On Friday, April 19, and Saturday,April 20, Shapey will conduct the CCP inthe première performances of his Partitafor Cello and Chamber Group. Duringthe second half of each concert, the group will perform Igor Stravinsky's Histoire duSoldat. The priées of tickets for thèse twoconcerts hâve not been set.New York City will be host to the CCPin March. In Town Hall on the 2 1 st, pianistEasley Blackwood and violinist EstherGlazer will be soloists in a program of ailthe piano and violin sonatas of CharlesIves. At Hunter Collège on the 22nd, theCCP will présent works by young American composers Charles Malcolm Dodge,John Perkins, Allen Blank, Richard Wernick, and Easley Blackwood. Back at TownHall on the 23rd, works by Stefan Wolpewill be presented in a program co-spon-sored by the Fromm Music Foundation.Ail the New York concerts will be at8:30 PM. 'Below: Italian composer Luigi Dallapiccolarehearsing the CCP and soprano Neva Pilgrim prior to the October 10 concert.Right: CCP director Ralph Shapey on thepodium at Mandel Hall.Far Right: CCP members in rehearsal.10Part one of a two-part séries, by Wayne C. Booth'Now Don't Try to Reason with Me':Rhetoric Today, Left, Right, and CenterWhen I first began teaching English, I saw myself takingup the weapons of reason against a world committed toemotionalism, illogical appeals, and rhetorical trickery— aworld full of vicions advertisers and propagandists whowere determined to corrupt the young minds I was deter-mined to save. Now, as a professor of rhetoric and deanof a libéral arts collège, I may seem still to présent myselfin the same melodramatic light: the valiant champion ofrationality against the forces of darkness. But bravely as Imay try to hold my pose, both the world and the reason-ings of men look more complicated to me than they didtwenty years ago. Even as I tum my défensive weaponson the enemies of reason, you will catch me revealing thatI am not quite sure who they are.But let me at least begin bravely, with a défense ofreason that implies more clarity than I feel about how menought to proceed when they set out to change each other'sminds. The défense begins, quite properly, with the claimthat we are in a time of intellectual crisis, a time whenconfidence in reason is so low that most men no longertry to provide good reasons for what they believe. Ofcourse the very question of what constitutes a good reasonis itself under debate, now as always— and I shah be return-ing to it later. But suppose we begin with the simple notionof proof— the présentation of évidence and arguments ina causal chain intended to pull the mind toward belief.When we consider how much time teachers spend in-sisting that students exhibit genuine arguments in theirpapers, it is perhaps surprising to find, as I think we dofind, that the very notion that such forms of proof aredésirable, or even obtainable, is under scathing attack inour time. The simple painful task of putting ideas togetherlogically, so that they "track" or "follow" each other, aswe say, doesn't seem to appeal to many of us any more. Ionce heard Professor George \yilliamson of our EnglishDepartment explaining his standards for accepting articlesfor Modem Philology. "I can't really insist on anything thatcould be called a 'standard,' " he lamented. "ï'm happy ifI can find essays which show some kind of connection between the conclusions and the évidence offered."You don't hâve to read much of what passes today forliterary criticism, or political argument, or social analysis,to recognize that the author's attention has not been pri-marily, or even secondarily, on constructing arguments that would stand up in a court of law. Leslie Fiedler spokeat Chicago a couple of years ago and said that ail theyounger génération is really imitating Negro culture, andthat the cultural warfare between what he calls palefacesand redskins accounts for our literature today. I protestedto a student afterward that Fiedler had offered no évidence,no proof. "But that doesn't matter," the student replied,"because it was so interesting."I hardly need to remind you of how much open mistrustof rational argument is in the air. The first really modernform of this mistrust was Freud's claim that our consciousefforts at systematic thought are mère superstructures forthe fundamental processes which are pre- or sub-logical.But Freud's own attack is, by récent standards, radicallytainted with a f aith in reason and logical argument. NormanO. Brown, one of the most widely quoted spéculative anti-thinkers of the sixties, attacked psychoanalysis for relyingon logical processes that alienate us from the realities ofselfhood which, he says, are the only truths that we shouldcare about. "The reality-principle," Brown says, "the lightby which psychoanalysis has set its course, is a false boun-dary drawn between inside and outside, subject and object,real and imaginary, physical and mental. It gives us thedivided world, the split or schizoid world." The psycho-analyst is, in Brown's view, simply using reason as a défenseagainst the truths which can be found only by realizing the"surrealist" forces that lie too deep for reason.X. ? JL arshall McLuhan is perhaps an even better-knownsource of attacks on the intellect— attacks on what he calls"linear reasoning." Like Brown, McLuhan admits thatmost of our scientific, technological, and économie achieve-ments hâve depended on the "linear thinking" that wasbrought to its perfection with the invention of printing. Buthe says that the price we hâve paid for our "phonetic alphabet" is the diminished functioning of our sensés of sound,touch, and taste. "Consciousness is not a verbal process,"McLuhan says. "Yet during ail our centuries of phoneticliteracy we hâve f avored the chain of inf erence as the markof logic and reason. In Western literate society it is stillplausible and acceptable to say that something 'follows'12from something, as if there were some cause at work thatmakes such a séquence." McLuhan reminds us that, as hebelieves, Hume and Kant both recognized that nothingever follows as effect from something else as cause. Unfor-tunately, however, neither Hume nor Kant went far enough,McLuhan says, because they did not recognize that whathad misled Western man into thinking that reasoning couldbe linear was the alphabet and printing.What we hâve seen so far is that there are many attackson rationality— or what is usually called "mère logic"— in thename of something deeper or more profound, or of intuitive truths not amenable to logical proof. But of course thisis nothing new. Ail philosophers, from Plato and Aristotleto the présent, hâve known that logic is in itself at best aweak though necessary tool— a tool that can be used bythe devil as well as angels.But if you read closely in McLuhan, Brown, and manyother contemporaries, you find that they are expressing adissatisfaction with reason that goes far beyond a simplemistrust of logic or "linear thinking." At its extrême it is arépudiation of thinking at ail, in favor of feeling or of the"wisdom of the body."The most obvious expression of this spirit is the development of what I like to call the anti-essay, whether in theform of a book, or an article, or a speech. The word essayused to mean "an effort to try out," an attempt. One "es-sayed" to deal with a topic adequately. Now the anti-essayis a non-attempt. The author confesses before starting thatany attempt at cohérence will be defeàted, and so he simplyconstructs a collection of disjointed notes. If you want aninteresting exercise in futility, just try sometime to constructan outline of one of McLuhan's chapters. As Edgar Frieden-berg says of both Brown and McLuhan, their style "hon-estiy dérives from and expresses" their point of view.I must confess that when I read McLuhan I expériencea steady succession of body blows that I'm sure wouldplease him immensely. He would argue that my sensé ofbeing offended by his incohérences results from not beingWayne C. Booth, AM47 , PhD'50, the George M. PullmanProfessor of English, is Dean of the Collège and author of TheRhetoric of Fiction. This article is adapted from an address to^udents at The University of Chicago, as part of a séries spon-sored in 1966-67 by Student Government. brought up right: I am a product of an éducation orientedto print, to the visual, to the organized, the sequential, theanalytical, the linear. He may be right. Some of us profes-sors would no doubt be less ashamed if caught beatingtheir wives than if caught in a logical fallacy. In any case,McLuhan would tell us ail to stop worrying about it andrelax: the time of linear thought is over, the time when"rational" meant "uniform and continuous and sequential."We hâve entered a time of "créative configuration and structure," whatever that is, the time of the "inclusive form of theicon," the time when "the médium is the message," a timewhen what we say no longer matters but only how we say it.Now I know that I'm being slightly unfair to McLuhan(though I think only slightly). After ail, his description ofwhat is happening to our minds under the non-verbal on-slaught of the mass média is in part just another way ofsaying what I am trying to say. The chief différence— asidefrom McLuhan's seeming pieasure in his own incohérence— is that he is less worried about our losing our traditionalpowers of reason than I am. He believes, in fact, that thenew média, as "extensions of man," are capable of reveal-ing synthetic, simultaneous truths perhaps more importantthan the old analytical hogwash. What I want to insist on isthat, even if the older forms of rationality were limited, ourneed for them is as great as ever. To gloss over our needfor défenses against irrationality with such phrases as "themédium is the message" is to sell out our humanity.V<J uppose we look at a bit of irrational message-monger-ing, done by one of the "new média," to see if we can besatisfied with saying the content no longer matters. Every-one knows that journalism has been transformed in récentyears, especially in the news magazines, right and left,from reportage into new forms of paralogical rhetoric:political argument disguised as dramatic reporting. Itwould be fun to spend the rest of my hour simply describ-ing the new rhetorical devices, and the new twists on olddevices, that Time magazine exhibits from week to week,ail in the name of news. Mr. Ralph Ingersoll, formerpublisher of the magazine, has described the key to themagazine's success as the discovery of how to turn news13To gloss over our need for défenses against irrationality with suchphrases as 'the médium is the message' is to sell out our humanity."into fiction, giving each story its own literary form, witha beginning, a middle, and an end, regardless of whetherthe story thus invented matches the original event. Speak-ing of the disillusioned editors who now turn out thisweekly collection of short stories, he says, "Only thejuvéniles amongst them hâve any lingering illusions abouttheir essential dishonesty or the basic corruption of thebusiness they are engaged in: taking hard-earned factsand weaving them into snares for the ignorant— for theirPersonal and corporate profit . . . The way to tell a suc-cessful lie is to include enough truth in it to make itbelievable— and Time is the most successful liar of ourtime." Remember who is speaking hère: the former pub-lisher of the magazine. Of course he might just beunloading his own personal biases against former col-leagues, but one could cite similar testimony from readers.Everyone I know who has ever been treated by Time—whether favorably or unfavorably— has been shocked bythe systematic distortions of fact for effect, and the morethey know about a subject the more they are shocked.A doctor friend at the University says one cannot trustthe médical reporting. Eric Bentley, the drama critic, saysthey cannot be trusted about drama. Igor Stravinsky says,"Every music column I hâve read in Time has been dis-torted and inaccurate."More important to us than ail of this testimony is theway the distortions operate. Though much of the distor-tiôn is simply for the sake of being interesting, much ofit is done to put across political and social viewpoints.^A^reparing this speech, I opened an issue of Time atrandom to an attack on Ramparts magazine. It is ofcourse not called an attack. It is made to look like aregular news account, objective, olympian. But it is ahighly loaded attack, nevertheless. What troubles Timeabout Ramparts, amusingly enough, is that "Ramparts isslick enough to lure the unwary and bedazzled reader intoaccepting flimflam as fact"— a description which I wouldtake as fitting Time exactly. "No other left-wing publication in the United States," Time says, "pursues shock morerelentlessly or plays around more with fact." Now you may think, for a moment, that Time added that adjective "left.wing" in order to add one more charge to six other chargesof leftism skillfully planted (to use a favorite Time word)in the account. But I prefer to think that Time is beingunusually honest: by confining the compétition for fact-distortion to left-wing magazines, Time has consideratetyruled itself out.I won't describe the article in détail, except to call yourattention to the acute transformation Time effects on thefollowing quotation. Ask yourself how you would headlineit, if you worked for Time: "Quite frankly," says Hinckle,the publisher of Ramparts, "there weren't enough Catholiclaymen [we soon discovered] to write for and to buy themagazine. Besides, we got bored with just the church."Now think of a headline. Isn't it obvious? Your headlinefor this section will be "Bored With The Church." Andthat, of course, is the headline used.Let's go on with the game. How would you describewhere Ramparts is published? Why it "moved to one ofthose topless streets in San Francisco's New Left Bohemia."What kind of humor does Ramparts publish? "Clever ifsophomoric humor"— clever, or there would be no threat,sophomoric, or it would really be funny. How would youdescribe an article in Ramparts purporting to show thatone million children hâve been killed or wounded in theViet Nam war? Could you do better than this: Ramparts"produced a mère juggling of highly dubious statistics."How would you describe the pictures of dead or woundedchildren? Why naturally as "a collection of very touchingpictures, some of which could hâve been taken in anydistressed country." Of course, Time is only one exampleof a kind of non-rational persuasion that is practiced onus ail the time, and Ramparts is also guilty of the disguisedand dishonest rhetoric I am describing.Another good instance of this same kind of transformation of journalism into degraded rhetoric is the magazine,Fact, from which I collected, perhaps somewhat naively,some of the testimony I earlier quoted against Time. Ioriginally subscribed to Fact on the basis of a one-para-graph ad in the New York Times; it claimed that with somuch editorializîng in ail other journals (that word "ail"should hâve alerted me, perhaps) America needs a magazine devoted to objective reporting of the truth. I shouldhâve predicted what would corne: a collection of shrill14exposés, most of them with a touch of scandai and fewof them providing enough solid évidence or argument toallow a reader to know whether there was anything tothem or not. "A Psychoanalytical Study of Baseball," "AStudy of Wife-Swapping in California," an argument thatDag Hammarskjold was a psychotic and committed suicide(Could be, one says, but not on the basis of this évidence),another argument that Goldwater has been declared insaneby thousands of psychiatrists (yet if you look closely atthe évidence hère it turns out to mean, at most, far lessthan the headlines claimed)— why, it's as hard to readFact as it is to read Time!T.A. he important point is that McLuhan's cheerful responseto such a corruption of journalistic purposes is not enough;to say that the médium is the message is entirely inadéquate when a definite message has been sneakingly andvery powerfully conyeyed by the médium. The content ofTime, and of Ramparts, and of Fact, is very importantindeed, once we hâve dug it out of the seemingly neutralprose. The médium is not the message nor is the médium thatexciting new kind of "iconic présentation" that enables us"to live mythically and integrally." Rather, it is that veryold-fashioned kind of manipulation of rhetorical distortions, skillfully placed in non-McLuhanesque séquencesdesigned to take us in. And if we are not to be taken in,we must learn now as in the past to think through themédium to the message, to think critically about that message, to ask what reasons if any hâve been given to support it. In short, we must do exactly what McLuhandéplores: continue to think in what he calls the old,fragmented space and time patterns of the pre-electric âge.What I think I hâve been revealing hère are a fewexamples of a world in which men pretty generally showlittle esteem for logic, little respect for facts, no faith inanyone's ability to use thought or discourse to arrive atimproved judgments, commitments, and first principles.The conséquences that one would expect in such a world, ,when honesty of observation, care with logic, and subtletywith dialectic hâve declined, can of course be seen wher-ever men try to change each other's minds. What is left to rhetoric when solid substantive argument is denied toit? Why obviously only emotional appeal and appeal tothe superior moral integrity and wisdom or cleverness ofthe rhetorician— what was formerly called ethical appeal.Emotional appeal and ethical appeal can never be expelledfrom the house of rhetoric; ail the great rhetoricians arepassionate in their rationalism. But when men are reducedto using thèse properly subordinate appeals as if they werethe sole means of persuasion, they produce the kind ofrhetoric that we now find flowing at us, left, right, andcenter.I hâve time only for two examples. They both will seemextrême and therefore unrepresentative to some of you, butthe test is that they hâve apparently been effective on largenumbers of Americans. Can you recognize who is speakingin the first quotation?"I can see a day when ail the Americas, North andSouth, will be linked in a mighty System, a System in whichthe errors and misunderstandings of the past will be submergea, one by one, in a rising tide of prosperity andinterdependence. We know that the misunderstandings ofcenturies are not to be wiped away in a day or an hour.But we pledge that human sympathy— what our neighborsto the south call an attitude that is 'simpatico'— no lessthan enlightened self-interest will be our guide. I can seethis Atlantic civilization galvanizing and guiding émergentnations everywhere. Now I know that freedom is not thefruit of every soil. I know that our own freedom wasachieved through centuries by the unremitting efforts ofbrave and wise men. And I know that the road to freedomis a long and challenging road. And I know also that somemen may walk away from it, that some men resist challenge [so far can you tell? I think not, but now thegiveaway], accepting the false security of governmentalpaternalism."Do you now recognize the vapidity of Goldwater?Where, on the left, was I to find an equally revealingpièce of rhetoric. It ought to be one that would make afew listeners mad— and a few more think. Obviously something from the new student left. Listen closely now toexcerpts from a long "Letter to Undergraduates," by Brad-f ord Cleaveland,* former graduate student of the Department of Political Science at Berkeley, written during thetroubles of '64-'65. (To be concluded next month.)15A mémorial of the Chicago critic and teacher, by William R. KeastRonald S. Crâne, 1886-1967In April of this year a group of graduate students in theDepartment of English at The University of Chicago ar-ranged a party in honor of R. S. Crâne on the occasion ofthe publication by the University Press of a two-volumecollection of his essays, The Idea of the Humanities andOther Essays Critical and Historical. It was a pleasantaffair. The author was surrounded by family, friends, col-leagues, and students (most of those présent belonged toseveral of thèse catégories). The two élégant volumes— onwhich the frequently unwilling author had worked for whathe termed "dreary months" in selecting, revising, and read-ing proof— were there to be admired. One or two speechesof congratulation were delivered. Crâne gave a witty andmodest little response, pretending to underplay the importance of the event by emphasizing the tribulations towhich the book had put him, and thanking ail those who hadhelped him with the book, particularly his editor at the Press,from whom he insisted he had learned much about Englishsentence structure.As I reflected on the occasion later, it seemed to me tohâve been not only a pleasant party celebrating a happymoment in a great scholar's life, but a summary of severalthings I hâve found most striking about Crâne: the twovolumes of brilliant and original essays, the work of morethan three décades; the modesty and scholarly scruple thathad withheld at least half of them from previous publication,while Crâne refined his arguments or worked out some realor imagined defect in the analysis; the wide range of interestsand intellectual styles represented by his former students;the continuing attraction of Crâne and his work to the mostrécent génération of students; Crane's passion for intellectualdiscourse, as he talked in turn to the friends who had corneto pay their respects—a passion somewhat narrowed, to besure, but touched still with the old fire; his scholar's dread ofthe possibility that a typographical error had escaped himand might be lurking somewhere in those two large volumes;William R. Keast, AB'36, PhD' 47, is Président of WayneState University in Détroit, Michigan. He was a memberof the English faculty at Chicago from 1938 to 1947. AtCornell University he was chairman of the English department and, later, vice président for académie affairs. He spenttwo years in England working on his édition of SamuelJohnson' s Lives of the Poets.16 his pleasure in the completion of his task, and his hope,slightly undercut by the deprecatory tone of his response, butstill strong, that The Idea of the Humanities might help inthe effort to which he had devoted, quite single-mindedly5his long career, the improvement of humanistic studies.The essays brought together in The Idea of the Humanities cover subjects extending in time from antiquity to Hemingway and a range of methods in historical and criticalstudy almost as wide. They provide, however, only a partialindex to the variety of his published work. One of his earliestpublications, a revision of his Pennsylvania doctoral thesis,was a monograph on the vogue of médiéval chivalric romance during the English Renaissance. Another early paper,one of his most brilliant, is on the development of thethought of Francis Bacon. For several years, while preparingmaterials for a projected édition of Oliver Goldsmith, Crânepublished fresh studies of Goldsmith's sources; this workled in 1927 to a volume of New Essays by Oliver Goldsmith,in which a number of anonymously-published essays werefirst attributed to Goldsmith. With his friend F. B. Kaye hepublished in 1927 an invaluable scholarly tool, a Census ofBritish Newspapers and Periodicals 1620-1800; in 1932 heedited A Collection of English Poems 1660-1800, an anthol-ogy that did much to stimulate fresh interest in eighteenth-century poetry.jL V JL eantime, between 1926 and 1932, he was editing theannual bibliography of eighteenth-century studies in thePhilological Quarterly; thèse bibliographies became in hishands, and especially through the reviews contributed bythe editor himself , a powerful force for the improvement ofeighteenth-century studies during the next décade. In 1930Crâne succeeded John Matthews Manly as editor of ModemPhilology. During the twenty-two years of his editorship,Crâne not only continued the distinguished traditions ofthis journal, but, through the care he bestowed on the sélection and editing of manuscripts, made Modem Philology aconspicuous example of excellence in scholarly and criticalmethod.During the 1930's and 1940's Crâne was concernedchiefly with efforts to improve the university English cur-Ronald S. Crâne, about 1940riculum at both the undergraduate and graduate levels andto help bring about a reconstruction of the arts of literarycriticism comparable to the reconstruction of literary historyto which he had been devoting himself. The first of thèseefforts led Crâne and his colleagues in the Department ofEnglish, of which he was Chairman from 1 935 to 1 947, toundertake a wholesale reform of the curriculum and theexamination System, a reform whose influence extended farbeyond The University of Chicago. The second effort led toa séries of essays and studies designed to examine currentfashions in criticism, to propose alternatives, and especiallyto show the necessary interdependence of method and dis-covery in criticism. A number of thèse essays appeared,along with several by Chicago colleagues, in Critics andCriticism Ancient and Modem (1952). Crane's positionwas most elegantly set forth in his Alexander Lectures atthe University of Toronto, The Languages of Criticism andthe Structure of Poetry (1953). Crane's career was to a remarkable degree concentratedat The University of Chicago. After several years at Northwestern, he spent his entire life at Chicago from 1 924 untilhis retirement as Distinguished Service Professor Emeritusin 1951, save for a few periods of research abroad. Evenafter his retirement, when the vigor of his teaching styleand the importance of his ideas brought him invitations toteach ail over the country— at Cornell, New York University, Iowa, Carleton, Oregon, Rochester, Florida, Northwestern, Indiana, Stanford— as well as to lecture abroad, itwas always to Chicago that he returned, to write, to teach(he gave seminars regularly until 1966), and to refine andextend his ideas in conversation with colleagues and students old and new.Crane's career was, in uncommon measure, a Universityof Chicago career. The man and the institution were wellmatched. He typified much that many of us regard as theessential strengths of the University: a relentless maintenance of the highest intellectual standards, for himself, hiscolleagues, and his students; a habit of expérimentation,whether with new methods, new subject matters, or newinstitutional forms; a persistent concern with method, inteaching or research, as the key to verifiable results andscholarly progress; a désire to seek, in the work of colleaguesin other fields, ideas for application in his own; an abidinginterest in his students, not for the contribution they couldmake to his work, but for the help he might give them indiscovering and developing scholarly lines of their own.Crâne was fond of illustrating his ideas in teaching bycontrasting two professors of history with whom he studiedas an undergraduate. Both were distinguished scholars intheir fields. Professor A was a brilliant lecturer, but he leftno lasting impression on Crâne because he undertook onlyto présent the most récent facts and generalizations achievedby historical scholars. Professor B, no less learned, no lessinsistent upon detailed command of historical facts, presented them always as the product of the art or disciplineof history, trying in turn to get his students to formulatehistorical problems for themselves and to bring to bear onthem methods of investigation and analysis that would yieldreliable conclusions. For Crâne, Professor B was die modelfor the kind of teaching he hoped to do. For ail of us whowere Crane's students, the Professor B in our lives wasCrâne himself. ?17A condensed report on an international study:Why Johnny Can't CountThe average 13-year-old Japanese child of an unskilledlaborer is better in mathematics than the average 13-year-old American child whose f ather is a college-trained professional worker. This finding is one of several emerging froma five-year cross-national study of secondary school mathematics achievement.Benjamin S. Bloom, Professor of Education at The University of Chicago, headed the American segment of thestudy and was one of three Chicago professors on the five-man team participating in the project. C. Arnold Andersonand Maurice L. Hartung were the other two.The study, International Project for the Evaluation ofEducational Achievement (IEA), first compared the mathematics achievement of 13-year-olds in twelve countries andthen compared the math achievement of final year secondary students in thèse countries. Participating in thestudy were 133,000 students from Australia, Belgium,England, Finland, France, Israël, Japan, Netherlands, Scot-land, Sweden, the United States, and West Germany.Among the findings:— Boys do better in math than girls.— Students doing "new mathematics" are better thanstudents doing traditional mathematics. However, becauseof the relatively small percentage of students taking "newmathematics," this is a tentative finding which needs fur-ther investigation.— Countries where students consider math an importantsubject for the society hâve the best mathematics scores,even though the students regard it as a difficult subject.— Japanese students did as well in math as French students, while doing half as much homework and receivinglittle more than half as much instruction.Results of the study are contained in International Studyof Achievement in Mathematics edited by the director ofthe project, Torsten Husen of the University of Stockholm,Sweden. Husen, a former visiting professor of comparativeéducation at Chicago, received an honorary Doctor of Lawsdegree from the University in May, 1967. The two-volumework was published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New YorkCity, and by Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, Sweden.The international achievement tests used by the studywere the first effective means of comparing achievementacross national boundaries.Husen wrote that "the overall aim of the research work- ers who cooperated in this venture was to study the effectsof the différences among the school Systems of the world,and, in particular, différences in achievements, interests,and attitudes of the students.s "Another reason was to be able to test the degree of uni-versality of certain relationships which hâve been ascer-tained in one or two countries — for example, sex, homebackground, or urban-rural différences in achievement."Japan scored highest in the tests given to the 13-year-olds, while the United States finished slightly behind Scot-tish, English, and French 13-year-olds and slightly aheadof Swedish and Finnish youths.At the end of the secondary school level, England rateshighly, while the United States is one of the three lowestcountries.Only four per cent of American 13-year-olds scored inthe upper tenth of the test scores, and only two per cent ofthe American final secondary year students finished in theupper tenth on the international standards.The upper tenth of mathematics students on the international standards is a very critical index, since it is likelyto be the source of mathematics and science talent. On thisindex, the leading countries were England, Belgium, andJapan, while the United States has a low rating for both13-year-olds and secondary students.While there are many différences in the countries in-volved in the IEA study, they are ail highly developed nations. Researchers feel the amount of mathematics talentis pretty much the same in ail thèse countries, and the différences in mathematics achievement are due to différencesin the way that talent is developed.Some countries hâve a comprehensive school structure,which allows a great number of students to attend secondaryschool, while other countries use a sélective school structure, which limits the number of secondary students. In ailcountries, socio-economic factors play a part in determin-ing which students complète secondary éducation.The United States and Japan appear to hâve the leastamount of sélection on a socio-economic basis. In WestGermany, Netherlands, England, and France, preuniver-sity éducation is generally limited to the children of bettereducated, higher occupational status parents.In their study of sélection processes, the researchersfound that, in gênerai, a sélective school structure tends to18succeed relatively well in bringing a small student body upto outstanding accomplishments. A more comprehensiveSystem, however, can bring a larger group of students up tofairly high levels of performance.Japan and the United States illustrate contrasting resultsfor comprehensive schools. Pupils in the United States, withthe most comprehensive System, scored far below pupils incountries with very sélective Systems. But Japan, with a System nearly as comprehensive as the United States, exceededthe highly sélective Systems.Although the total group of American mathematics students in the senior year of high school scored below mostof their âge mates in other countries, a small group existedwith, on the whole, the same average score as in countrieswith much more sélective Systems.Teachers were asked to rate the opportunity their students had to learn the mathematics subject matter requiredby each of the problems in the international tests. Somestudents did better than their teachers expected, but mostof the students did not. In gênerai, student performance onthe tests was significantly related to their teachers' estimateof the opportunity the students had to learn the variousaspects of mathematics. Benjamin S. Bloom, Professor of Education and head of theAmerican segment of the twelve-nation research project.Class size has an inconclusive relationship to mathematics scores. At the 13-year-old level, larger classestended to perform better, but the différence was unclear atthe secondary level.Where teachers had more postsecondary éducation,pupils had higher scores, but the relationship is weak. Ingênerai, the longer the teacher's total éducation, the betterthe test scores of the students.Encouraged by the results of this first IEA study, thegroup of researchers has begun a new stage of coopérativestudy of secondary school achievement in twenty countries.They hâve received a supporting grant for this researchfrom the U.S. Office of Education.The new study will compare achievement in biology,chemistry, physics, reading compréhension and literature,French and English as foreign languages, and citizenshipéducation. Approximately half a million secondary andelementary school students around the world will be tested.There will be a two-year planning period prior to actualtesting and other field work in 1968-70. ?19Milton MayerThe Remote Possibiof CommunicationThe eminence you hâve just laid upon me is somethingless than I was led to expect. My expectation was groundedon a promise made twenty-five years ago by the then Président of this University. He told me that he had confirmed myclaim to having been the only undergraduate ever placed onpermanent probation, in token of which distinction he pro-posed to grant me the honorary degree of P.P. I am not sogauche as to say that the honor I hâve hère tonight is a poorsubstitute. But I cannot refrain from observing that it is asubstitute.In anticipation of the solid specie into which I expect toconvert the famé and the plaque given to me this evening, Ishall f avor you with a recitation of my triumphs in the fieldof communication. This recitation will serve two purposes.First it will demonstrate the wisdom of the sélection committee for this year's award; and second, it will instruct myfellow alumni in the art in which, I think I may say in ailmodesty, I am recognized as a grand master.I was a slow starter. When I was two years old, mymother told Dr. Isaac Abt that she was worried because Ididn't talk. He said she would be more worried when I did.But my first really spectacular communication was not untilthe Christmas issue of the Daily Maroon in 1927, whichcarried a full-page spread in the form of Christmas greetingsto sundry personages. My co-author was Al Widdifield—God rest him— but the spread was not signed. When theDean discovered the authorship, he had us up for blasphemy,stripped us of our by-lines, shaved our heads, and instituteda censorship which marked the beginning of the décline ofthe Maroon to its présent vacuous estate.It was only a few years later— I was still a mère boy— thatI scored my second sensation, this one in the sports pagesof the Chicago Evening Post, where I depicted Knute Rockneas an illiterate herring-choker and the Fighting Irish as Pôlesand Italians. This communication precipitated a visit to thepaper's publisher by the Notre Dame Club of Chicago, fol-lowed by a gênerai boycott by the Irish, the Pôles, theMilton Mayer, X'29, is author of They Thought They WereFree, a study of Nazi Germany; What Can A Man Do?, a collection of his articles and essays; and, with Mortimer Adler,The Révolution in Education. This article is the text of hisaddress accepting the "Communicator of the Year" award,presented by The University of Chicago Communication Committee at its annual dinner, during the Reunion célébration.20 Italians, and the Norwegians. Within six months the Postfolded, and two or three hundred communicators, I amongthem, undertook to communicate to their fellow-Chicago-ans the advisability of eating apples— or at least buying them.In due season, the memory of my Fighting Irish communication having faded, I became a reporter for the thenChicago Evening American. Hère I registered a truly mémorable communication: my report, over the phone, of theaccidentai death of a florist on the Near North Side. Hisname was Dion O'Bannion. Three inveterate sportsmenhad entered his flower shop and began cleaning their sawed-ofï shotguns in préparation for a hunting trip. As so oftenhappened in the wilds in those primeval days, the guns wentoff. I communicated this report by téléphone to Billy Mc-Cloud, our man at the Chicago Avenue police station, sayingthat Mr. O'Bannion had fallen dead among his chrysanthe-mums. Billy asked me to spell chrysanthemums. I had a goat it, but Billy could not, for the life of him, get it straight.After a while he said, "Hell, let's make it roses," but aCommunicator has first of ail to be a stickler for the facts.I stickled for chrysanthemums, but there was no dictionaryin the Chicago Avenue police station, and by the time Billyand I reached agreement on the spelling we had missed thedeadline— and the Daily News had hit the street ahead of usand sold 50,000 extra copies. It was not long thereafter thatthe owner of the American unloaded it on the Tribune.I was now ready, and my employer agreed, to move mycommunications facilities to new fields, one of which wasHigher Learning, an enterprise just getting started inAmerica. It was getting started, as you ail know, right hèreon the Midway, which hadn't seen anything like it sinceLittle Egypt. I went to the Président of The University ofChicago and told him that I wanted to be saved from William Randolph Hearst. "How much is Mr. Hearst payingyou?" said the Président. "Ninety a week," I said. 'TU giveyou forty-five," said the Président. "I can't live on that," Isaid. "You didn't say you wanted to live," he said, "youwanted to be saved. You cannot be saved any cheaper."As a resuit of this triumphant communication I foundmyself occupying the position of Toady to the PrésidentNow up until that moment, the Président had had anexcellent image. It suddenly began to distintegrate. He alien-ated the alumni and the students by abolishing football; thefaculty by depreciating the departments; the scientists bypraising phUosophy; the philosophera by praising Aquinas;the donors by coddling communists; and the entire humanrace by opposing war. Of course it was I who had thought upail thèse opérations, but I thought it advisable, in the interestof communication, not to put my signature to them. In-stead, I communicated them under the pseudonym of RobertMayer Hutchins.Within a few years after my takeover, the University wason the ropes. The Protestants had been outraged by thecommunications of Mortimer Adler, and the Catholics byG. A. Borgese. What was wanted was a Communicator tooutrage the Jews, and I leaped into the breach.My felicitous communication appeared in the SaturdayEvening Post and produced a reaction which devastatedboth the Curtis Publishing Company and the University(amid whose ruins we gather tonight). It was assumed insome circles that I wrote ail the President's articles and thathe wrote mine. It was necessary to get rid of us both. TheFord family met the University's need— as it has so oftensince-and took the Président off the University's hands.As for me, it was back to the merits of the rosy red apple.I may interpolate hère that there is nothing so important tothe communicator's effectiveness as the title of his communication. Take, for example, the communication which dis-graced my wonderful mother. I called it, "Grandma Oughtto Hâve Her Head Examined." So, too, the title of the historié Post article. My thesis was the well-worn platitude thatthe Gentiles are no good and that nobody should imitatethem. I was, in a word, making out the case for the Jew. Thetitle I used was, "The Case Against the Jew."TMl. his masterpiece of communication moves me to tell ataie out of school. Twenty years afterward a benefactor ofthe University, who had withdrawn his beneficence on thatoccasion, found himself sitting next to the former Présidentat a dinner. They had not been warm since the benefactorhad pulled the rug out from under the Président, but theywere still on a first-name basis, as ail communicators are."Bob," said the ex-benefactor, "do you remember an articleby a feUow named Mayer in the Saturday Evening Post?""Vaguely," said the Ex-President, whom we shall call Bob."Well," said the ex-benefactor, "a feUow got me to read it the other day, and, you know, the article itself was aU right.But the title was misleading." The Ex-President is reportedto hâve lost his powers of communication at that point.But the memory of man is short— a point the Communicator must always consider— and within a few years of mytriumph in the Saturday Evening Post I was climbing to newpeaks. I achieved my Matterhorn in Syracuse, New York,where I was arguing that the psychological cost of worldgovernment would be intolérable to loyal Americans. I wasasked what I meant by psychological cost and responded bybellowing a quotation from a newspaper columnist who saidthat the advocates of world government would hand downthe American flag, trample on it, and spit on it. I hadneglected to put quotation marks around the quotation, andthe next morning's paper carried a headline at the top ofpage one: "Chicago Prof. Says Spit On Flag."As a resuit of the investigation that followed this inter-esting communication, the D. A. of Onondaga County,N.Yj, exculpated me by finding that what I had really saidwas that the advocates of world government wanted todesecrate the flag. This communication, in turn, wrecked theWorld Government movement and, as a conséquence, theworld. The words I had used without quotation marks weresubsequently inserted in the Congressional Record, whence,with immunity, they winged— and, twenty years later, continue to wing— their way from chapter to chapter of anprganization of patriotic ladies united by the sentiment thatone American Révolution was enough.The years were passing, and still untouched by my prac-tice of the art of communication were the professors whohad been nearest and dearest to me in my undergraduatedays— Philip Schuyler Allen, Percy Holmes Boynton, andRobert Morss Lovett. I was writing an article about RobertLovett, and Phil Allen said I should go to Puerto Rico andtalk to Ferdie Schevill about him. "If you handle Ferdieright," said Phil, "he'll do ail your work for you." I wroteProf. Schevill saying that Phil Allen had said that if I han-dled him right he'd do aU my work for me. Prof. Schevill,upon receiving this communication, announced that he wasnot a man to be handled and would not consent to a meetingwith the impudent pup who had written that letter. PercyBoynton— who was also in Puerto Rico— joined RobertLovett and Phil Allen in attempting to mollify FerdieSchevill. The end of their efforts was the estrangement of21thèse four lifelong friends, each from the other. When myarticle about Robert Lovett appeared under the title, "Portrait of a Dangerous Man," the author of The Red Networkpointed to the title as proof, from the pen of his own admirer,that Robert Morss Lovett was a communist.For several years thereafter, I achieved no new heightsin my chosen field, and I supposed that there were none tobe achieved. In spite of the gênerai afïïuence of those middleyears, and in spite of my triumphs, my fortunes languished.Nobody bought apples any more; everybody was buyingpomegranates. I had to turn to the lecture platform in orderto support my little ones in the manner to which I hadtaught them to intend to be accustomed.My platform appearances— I hâve already spoken ofSyracuse, N. Y.— hâve been one succès d'estime after an-other, right up to my latest performance, a couple of weeksago at the University of Wisconsin, where I was retained toengage the First Secretary of the Soviet Embassy in a col-loquy. Since I believe in making love, not war, and a Communicator does not care what, but only how, he communi-cates, I delivered myself of a eulogy of the Soviet Unionas the Workers' and Peasants' Paradise. In passing I sug-gested, but only suggested, that there were still to be^foundthere one or two insignificant and vestigial remnants of thecorrupt bourgeois life of the West— but thèse, I said, werebeing speedily eradicated and within sixty days at the mostthe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics would be the firstabsolutely perfect society in history. I sat down bowing inhomage to the First Secretary of The Embassy of the firstabsolutely perfect society. He rose and, pointing to me, saidto the audience, "This man is an ideological enemy of peace-ful coexistence," and left the platform. The Middle Eastcrisis followed almost immediately.There, my friends, you hâve a succinct and greatlyabbreviated account of a communicator's most unforgettable(would they were otherwise) communications. You hâvelearned how— if I may borrow an expression from anothergreat Communicator— I brought home the coonskin on thewall. You hâve heard how this little life of mine has flownaway. But it has its lessons for the Communicator, and Ishare them with you. I hâve learned that there are dreadfulobstacles to communication.One of them is the communicator's conviction that he isfunny. He may be— as I certainly was when I wrote Ferdie Schevill— but the communicatee may not think so.Another obstacle is his insistence on communicatingwhen he has nothing to communicate. I once advised a greatman of your acquaintance to take a year off, and when heasked what for, I said, "To think," and he said, "I hâve notthought since I discovered that I could get a degree fromYale without thinking, and I am too old to start now." Andhe hurried off to deliver the keynote address to the American Council of Learned Societies.S\<J till another obstacle is the unwillingness of people to becommunicated with. Only consider: Christ tried to communicate three things: There shall be neither friend norenemy (that is, no war) ; neither Greek nor Jew (no rac-ism); neither bond nor free (no exploitation of man byman) . It would be supererogatory of me to point out whatlittle success the Communicator of ail the years has had incommunicating even with those who think they adore Him.But thèse obstacles are as nothing. As everything is thenecessity that people be in a humor to receive your communication. You cannot put them in that humor by assumingthat their motives are worse than your own, or that theydon't understand anything but force, or that the world isdivided into good and wicked people and that hangingKaiser Bill will save you from the peacetime conscriptionwhich Woodrow Wilson called the root evil of Prussianism.This greatest of aU theological errors, with its pernicioustrain of personal and political conséquences, is itself theconséquence of the communicator's unwillingness to receivecommunications from those who disagrçç with him. Soendémie and épidémie is this unwillingness that tautologieslike "intercommunication" hâve had to be concocted tomake the point.Unlike the snake-charmer, the Communicator does notlearn by doing, but by learning. My only complaint is thatmy clamorous career has left me no leisure to learn. It hasbeen a hard living, being a Communicator, or attention-getting device. I yield to no man in my attachment to AimaMater, but I would not hâve to be peddling plaques today ifI had gone to a good trade school instead of learning to letcommunication grow from more to more, that the humandin may be increased. D22Président George W. Beadle (right) chats with Jerzy Kurylowicz, Professor of General Lin-guistics at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland, foliowing the Summer Convocationin Rockefeller Mémorial Chapel. Professor Kurylowicz was awarded an honorary Doctor ofHumane Letters degree (LHD) at the convocation. He is author of Études indo-européenes.-^^Association Constitutionfor Total Alumni Membership andpopular Election of CabinetTwo far-reaching revisions in the Alum-¦ Association's constitution were adoptedt the spring meeting of the nationalCabinet:Members of the national Cabinet will beelected by popular ballot. Formerly appointée! by the Cabinet itself, new members of the Association's governing bodywill be elected by mail ballots furnished toaU members. This will provide for greaterparticipation by, and wider représentationof the national alumni body. Expansion ofthe Cabinet to an ultimate 150 membersalso will further this end.AH graduâtes and former students arenow life members of the Association. Inthe past, membership was offered on avoluntary basis. Those who joined paid amembership fee which included a free sub-scription to The University of ChicagoMagazine. Now, ail graduâtes and formerstudents are sent a free membership card,and paid subscriptions to the Magazine—at rates identical with the old membershipdues— are offered on a voluntary basis.For individual alumni, the différencesare mainly technical. In the past, new graduâtes received free membership, includingthe Magazine, for two years. Now, lifemembership is automatic, and they receivea two-year free subscription to the Magazine. Those who were dues-paying members at the time of the adoption of thenew constitution hâve become life members with Magazine subscriptions continu-ing through the period for which theirdues were paid. Paid-up life members willcontinue as before, with life subscriptionsto the Magazine. Life members who weremaking installment payments toward thelife membership dues will continue as lifemembers and may complète their paymentsfor life subscriptions to the Magazine.The Association and affiliated alumnigroups throughout the United States andabroad hâve never, in practice, distinguished between members and non-mem-bers. Members, in return for their dues, received the monthly Magazine, whilenon-members did not. But the many services of the Association, the cultural andeducational programs on campus andacross the country, and the hospitality ofthe University hâve always been extendedequally to members and non-membersalike. Indeed, many non-members hâveserved with distinction as officers of localalumni clubs, they hâve contributed in-valuable leadership to the Alumni Fund,and they hâve been active supporters ofalumni affairs everywhere.The constitutional revisions were madeafter more than a year of study and discussion by the Cabinet, with the view ofeliminating organizational ambiguities andproviding a more representatively gov-erned Alumni Association.Subscription rates for the Magazine are$5.00 for one year, $ 1 3.00 for three years,$20.00 for five years, or $100.00 for life.The life subscription fee may be paid infive annual installments of $20.00 each.There is a coupon on page 39 of this issuefor alumni who wish to subscribe now. Sports and ScholarshipA basketball player from Chicago anda wrestler from Montana are the latest récipients of Stagg Scholarships, offered tofirst year students who combine académieaptitude with athletic ability.The two scholar-athletes are: TimothyW. O'Brien of Hillside, 111.; and Allan LeeGoulding, III, of Billings, Mont.O'Brien, the winner of two basketballletters at Proviso West High School, wasa National Merit Scholarship semi-finalistand holds an Illinois State Scholarship.Goulding, who won two letters in wrestling and placed second in his weight classin the Montana state high school wrestlingmeet last season, was président of hissenior class and sports editor of the student newspaper.The scholarships offer a minimum offull tuition for four years in the Collège.Stagg Scholars must be in the top ten percent of their high school classes and musthâve participated in at least one varsity23sport. The University does not give athletic scholarships.The number of applicants for the Scholarships has more than tripled since theprogram began five years ago. There werenineteen applicants in 1963. This yearthere were sixty-two applicants represent-• ing twenty-one states, from as far west asTexas, California, New Mexico, andWashington and as far east as New York,Maryland, and New Jersey."For the first time since the programwas inaugurated, applications were received from several all-state athlètes," saidRobert L. Bovinette, assistant director ofaid and admissions.Seventeen of the sixty-two applicantsenrolled at Chicago this f ail. Scholastically,nine of the seventeen were in the top fiveper cent of their high school classes. During the last académie year, one of the StaggScholars had a grade point average of 3.3and another had a 3.27.Several of the Stagg Scholars are members or officers of various dormitory coun-cils and one is a member of the MaroonKey Honor Society, which is limited tothirty students from an enrollment of ap-proximately 2,700.The Stagg Scholarship Sélection Committee consists of représentatives of thefaculty, administration, athletic department, and alumni of the University. Thechairman is Lawrence A. Kimpton, Vice-Président and Director of the Standard OilCompany (Indiana) and former Chancel-lor of the University.This year's Stagg Scholars are two ofmany scholar-athletes in the freshmanclass. More than one-quarter of the freshman maie students enrolled in the Collègethis autumn hâve had varsity high schoolsports expérience.A report prepared by the Department ofPhysical Education showed that 106 ofthe 406 maie freshmen participated in atleast one varsity sport in high school.The most popular sport with the freshmen was track, with thirty-two of themhaving participated in high school. Football and tennis ranked second, with twenty-four participants each. One of the incoming freshmen participated in four varsity sports, ten played inthree sports, thirty-two in two sports, andsixty-seven in one sport.The University fields eleven intercollc-giate sports teams: baseball, basketball,cross country, fencing, golf, gymnastics,soccer, swimming, tennis, indoor and out door track, and wrestling.Intercollegiate football was droppedafter the 1939 season, but a class in football currently is offered for those studentswho wish to learn the game. Three or fourgames are scheduled with nearby smallcollèges during the autumn quarter, butno letters are awarded.British sculptor Henry Moore examines his work, "Nuclear Energy," at his home studio inMuch Hadham, England. The sculpture was commissioned by the University to be placed onthe site of the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction on Stagg Field. The sculpture has beencompleted and cast in bronze and will be in place for the twenty-fifth anniversary of the event.24Nobel Lauréates and MooreSculpture to HighlightNuclear Anrtîversary"Jim, I thought you'd be interested toknow that the Italian navigator has justlanded in the New World. He arrivedsooner than he had expected.""Were the natives friendly?""Everyone landed safe and happy."The year was 1942 — not 1492 — andthe Italian navigator was Enrico Fermi.The late Arthur Holly Compton, Nobellauréate and physicist in charge of Manhattan Project opérations at Chicago, hadtelephoned the Projecfs overall scientificchief, James B. Conant, Président of Harvard University. The cryptic ad lib message informed Conant that the world'sfirst atomic pile under the west stands atStâgg Field had been successful. The six-hour experiment on Dec. 2, 1942, was thefirst controlled sustained release of nuclear energy — the birth of a new world ofscience.The twenty-fifth anniversary of theevent will be observed with a two-daycélébration on campus, December 1 and2, highlighted by the dedication of a com-memorative sculpture by Henry Moore(see photo on facing page) and participation by distinguished scientists and scholarsfrom ail over the world.Five Nobel Lauréates will be among thespeakers at the anniversary observance:Melvin Calvin, University of Californiaat Berkeley (Chemistry, 1961); Willard F.Libby, University of California at Los Angeles (Chemistry, 1960); Glenn T. Seaborg,Chairman of the U.S. Atomic EnergyCommission (Chemistry, 1951); EmilioSegre, University of California at Berkeley(Physics, 1959); and Eugène P. Wigner,Princeton University (Physics, 1963).Participants in the observance will bewelcomed by George W. Beadle, Présidentof the University and a 1958 NobelLauréate in Medicine and Physiology.Herbert L. Anderson, Professor ofPhysics and in the Enrico Fermi Institutefor Nuclear Studies, is chairman of theplanning committee for the observance. Anderson was one of the group of fortyscientists and technicians who, under theleadership of Fermi, designed and exe-cuted the experiment. Also on the committee are Robert B. Dufïield, Director of Ar-gonne National Laboratory; Winston M.Manning, former acting director of Ar-gonne; and Robert R. Wilson, Director ofthe Weston Accelerator Laboratory.Rétrospective and prospective viewswill be presented during the observance,Anderson said. Thèse include the implications of nuclear biology and chemistry,nuclear medicine in its diagnostic andtherapeutic phases, and the use of nuclearenergy as a power source for industry andpublic utilities."It is our hope that a significant publication dealing with the mighty force andpromise of the atom will émerge from thisobservance of one of the most importantevents of recorded history," said WarrenC. Johnson, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry and Vice-Président Emeritus forSpécial Scientific Programs.A reunion of scientists and technicianswho took part in the original experimentis planned, and spécial invitations will beextended to the American Nuclear Society, the Atomic Industrial Forum, theInternational Atomic Energy Agency,and other scientific and technical groupsrequesting them to send représentatives tothe observance.Featured at the end of the observancewill be the world première of a documen-tary film on the developments which ledto the first nuclear chain reaction. Thefilm is being produced by the motion pic-ture unit of Argonne National Laboratory, in coopération with the U.S. AtomicEnergy Commission.The Commonwealth Edison Companyof Chicago has given $25,000 to the University to assist in underwriting the anniversary célébration. Président Beadle said:"Commonwealth Edison has recognizedthe great promise of nuclear energy to public utilities not only by its generous supportof this significant observance but also bybeing a leader in the addition of nuclearreactors to its complex power grid." Alpha Scattering InstrumentAboard Surveyor 5 AchievesFirst Lunar Surface AnalysisAt 7:45 PM, Chicago time, on Septem-ber 10, the spindly Surveyor 5 bounced toa stop on the Moon's Mare Tranquilitatis(Sea of Tranquility) . The spacecraft cameto rest on a 20-degree crater slope, dan-gerously near the 25-degree limit whichwould topple it and ruin the mission. Likeprevious Surveyor flights, the spacecraftbegan taking pictures. But now, on radiocommand from Earth, a shiny gold boxwas detached and lowered to the lunar surface. Soon data from the first direct chem-ical analysis of an extraterrestrial bodywere being relayed to a receiving stationin Madrid, Spain, from where it was tele-typed to the United States.Preliminary analysis of the data indi-cates that the substance beneath the instrument is probably a silicate rock, similar tothe basaltic lava abundant on Earth. Amore complète computer analysis of thedata is under way at the University'sComputation Center.The Alpha Scattering Instrument wasbuilt on campus at the University's Laboratory for Astrophysics and Space Research by a team of scientists headed byAnthony Turkevich, the James FranckProfessor of Chemistry. His principal col-laborators were James Patterson of theUniversity-operated Argonne NationalLaboratory and Ernest Franzgrote of California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.Donald E. Gault, of NASA's AmesResearch Center at Moffett Field, Calif.,and spokesmàn for the Surveyor groupworking on lunar theory and processes,said the discovery of the similarities between the Earth and the Moon is "one ofthe great scientific achievements of thecivil ization of man." Astrogeologists areexcited by the évidence that the Moon was,and may still be, geologically active. Gaultsaid that the basaltic material detected bythe instrument indicates that the relativelyfiât Mare Tranquilitatis is probably a greatlava flow, supporting a long-held theory.25The Alpha Scattering Instruments sensor head sitting on the Moon. Position of instrumentis after the firing of the vernier rockets had caused it to slide about four inches downhill(or upward in photo). Note lunar pebbles, dislodged by vernier firing, resting on base plate.Data from the Alpha Scattering Instrument indicates that the atomic makeup ofthe lunar sample it analyzed is 58 percentoxygen, 19 percent silicon, 6.5 percentaluminum, less than 3 percent carbon, lessthan 2 percent sodium, 0 to 6 percent magnésium, at least 3 percent combined iron,cobalt, and nickel, and no more than 0.5percent combined heavier éléments. Scientists previously speculated that, of themany types of rocks that might be on theMoon, six could be considered likely. Thenew data éliminâtes ail but two, basait and basaltic achondrite, both roughly similar inchemical composition. The basaltic achondrite, however, is meteoric in origin and isthe least likely. Peter J. Wyllie, Professorof Geophysical Sciences and an authorityon petrology, said that he is "ninety-ninepercent sure" that, gi ven a choice betweenthe two, the data indicates the présence ofbasait.Turkevich said that the development ofthe instrument was inspired years ago byProfessors Harold C. Urey and Samuel K.Allison. The alpha-radiation source in the device is curium 242, a man-made élémentproduced at Argonne National Laboratory.Spécial button-sized solid-state radiationdetectors were developed for the instrument at the Laboratory for Astrophysicsand Space Research. The new detectors aresmaller, lighter, and sturdier than the tube-type geiger counter or scintillation counter.Turkevich said that the "instrument be-haved perfectly" and that the data provedunexpectedly good, permitting an unusual-ly rapid preliminary analysis.He emphasized that the discovery doesnot mean that the entire Moon is made ofbasait. Measurements of the Moon's den-sity indicate that it must contain heaviermaterial, either elsewhere on its surfaceor at its core.The sensor head of the Alpha ScatteringInstrument is a cubical box, six inches ona side, mounted on a roundish plate abouttwelve inches in diameter to prevent toppling and to minimize sinking into anysoft dust that might be encountered. Thesensor head has polished, gold-plated wallsto reflect infra-red radiant heat that cornesfrom the hot lunar surface during the day.On top of the box is an eyebolt, connectedto a nylon cord, by which it is lowered tothe lunar surface.The sensor head b connected by a belt-shaped cable to the other half of the instrument, a digital electronics package ina thermal-insulated compartment on thespacecraft. The electronics package con-tains the power supply and the circuitry toconvert sensory data into binary form fortransmission back to Earth.Inside and under the sensor box is thebusiness end of the instrument: six radioactive sources containing altogether aboutone microgram of curium 242; two alphadetectors; and four proton detectors. Thèseare recessed between two and three inchesup into the box.The instrument works by bombardingthe sample beneath it with alpha radiation.Most of the alpha particles are absorbed,but some are scattered. They reboundwhen they strike nuclei of certain atomswith an energy mathematically related tothe mass of the target nucleus. Except for26rare cases where isotopes of différent éléments hâve the same mass, the mass of anatomic nucleus is a key to what élément itis. The newly-developed alpha detectorsare capable of both counting the numberof rebounding alpha particles and measur-ing their énergies.Some nuclei émit protons when struckby an alpha particle. Thèse are countedand their énergies are measured by theinstrument's proton detectors.The alpha mode of the instrument de-tects ail éléments except hydrogen, hélium,and lithium. The proton mode detectsboron, nitrogen, fluorine, sodium, magnésium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus,chlorine, and potassium. However, the instrument has trouble discriminating between éléments heavier than about calcium, number twenty in the periodic table. The instrument also is limited by the alphaparticles' thin pénétration of the sample—about one-thousandth of an inch— and byits inability to détermine the chemicalstates of éléments. For example, the instrument can detect carbon, but can't tellwhether it's coal or diamonds.There were three stages in the opérationof the Alpha Scattering Instrument. In thefirst stage (figure a.) the instrument didtwo analyses of a known sample carriedwith it in the mechanism securing it to thespacecraft. One such analysis was done intransit and the other after landing, tomake sure the instrument was not damagedin the launching or landing shocks.In the second stage (b.), the retainingmechanism was released and the instrument swung free of the spacecraft and theknown sample. Suspended by its nylon cord about fifteen inches above the lunarsurface, the instrument took readings oncosmic radiation and the natural back-ground radiation from the Moon. Thisradiation would be compensated for inlater readings.Finally, the instrument was lowered tothe lunar surface (c). Turkevich said "itwas a tremendous moment for us whenMadrid reported back that the data rate,which was low while the instrument wassuspended, had gone up dramatically afterthe command had been sent to deploy. Theinstrument was telling us that now therewas a sample underneath and that meas-urements were proceeding."The instrument took about seventeenhours of data. Then the spacecraft's vernier rockets were fired briefly and the instrument slid about four inches downhill,Surveyor 5, with the Alpha Scattering Instrument, in its 20-degree attitude on the lunar surface. Figure (a.) shows theinstrument (shaded box) in its in-flight position, secured bya trap-door mechanism carrying a known sample, for check-ing the instruments opération in transit and after landing. Figure (b.) shows the trap-door released and the sensor headhanging free, where it took readings on cosmic and back-ground radiation. Figure (c.) shows the sensor head fullydeploy éd. The dotted Unes in (c.) show the sensor head* sposition before the firing of the vernier rockets.27Anthony Turkevich, holding a duplicate Alpha Scattering Instrument, turned on its side.where it took about sixty-five more hoursof data.Turkevich has another Alpha ScatteringInstrument aboard Surveyor 6, scheduledfor launching in November. He, as well asother scientists, would like to try for alanding in mountainous terrain, to analyzethe surface rock there. But he is not opti-mistic that NASA officiais will agrée to thechoice of a more difflcult landing site, espe-cially since Surveyor 5 came so close to its25-fiegree limit.ônly minor modifications to the AlphaScattering Instrument would make it suit-able for a Mars probe. Turkevich said thatthe instrument also would be capable ofdetecting traces of atmosphère, if any existon Mars. Turkevich has submitted toNASA a proposai for a Mars analysis.The Alpha Scattering Instrument aboardSurveyor 5 brings to eighteen the numberof successful satellite and space-probemissions in which the University has participated. According to a report from theLaboratory for Astrophysics and SpaceResearch, University of Chicago experi-ments or instruments also were aboardPioneer 2, 5, 6, and 7; Explorer 6; Dis-coverer 29, 31, and 36; InterplanetaryMonitoring Platform 1, 2, 3, and 4; Orbit-ing Geophysical Laboratory 1, 2, 3, and4; and Mariner 4. The Class of '71A profile of this year's entering class,prepared by the Office of Admissions,shows that of 731 freshmen, 401 (55 percent) are receiving finançial assistancefrom the University.AU students who need finançial assistance are granted aid. Such gift assistanceis renewable for four years on the usualconditions of continuing académie performance and need.About one-fifth of the freshmen are receiving major finançial assistance fromnon-University sources, which means thatabout three-quarters of the members ofthe class are getting support from sourcesother than their parents.Seventeen freshmen were selected asUniversity Scholars by a faculty committee. This is the highest honor available toan entering freshman. University Scholarsare named without spécial application bythe student and without considération offinançial need. Stipends do not necessarilyaccompany thèse awards.The class profile shows :Eighty-five were high school valedicto-rians and thirty-eight were salutatorians.Twenty-nine are National Merit Scholars, and seven are National AchievementScholars.Over fifty-eight per cent gradua ted inthe top five per cent of their high schoolclasses. More than three quarters (76.6percent) gradua ted in the top ten percent.Fifty-seven students entered the Collègefrom rural high schools in thirteen statesunder the University's Small School TalentSearch Program, now entering its eighthyear.Men outnumber women in the class by401 to 330.The 731 students come from 518 secondary schools in forty-five states and sixforeign countries. Approximately one-fourth (198) of the freshmen are fromIllinois, while New York is the next lead-ing state with 102.The mean Scholastic Aptitude Test(SAT) scores for the freshman class were:verbal, 672 (seventeen points higher than last year); mathematical, 665 (the same aslast year) .The Class of 1971 includes seventeenTrustée Scholars, five Présidents Scholars,two American Daughters of Sweden Scholars, two Stagg Scholars, one General Motors Scholar, and one Procter and GambleScholar.Commuters Will Pay More toWalk Less, Study ShowsCommuters are rational rather than rashin choosing transportât ion, and are willingto forego driving if mass transportationoffers a suitable advantage. The shorterwalk from many parking lots than fromtransit stops causes many commuters todrive to work, even though it is more expensive than commuting by train.Thomas E. Lisco, PhD'67, of the Chicago Area Transportation Study, came tothèse conclusions in his doctoral dissertation on suburban Chicago commuters-The Value of Commuters" Travel Time:A Study in Urban Transportation.Lisco said his study debunks two mythsabout commuting:"It has been loudly held that commutersare to a great extent irrational in theirchoices of transportation mode, and thatonce a commuter is lost to mass transportation, he is lost for good. In fact, commutersare well aware of the alternatives. Theyare concerned with relative times and relative costs and put quite well-defined valueson the relative comfort levels involved."Information gained from interviews withrésidents of Skokie and Morton Grove, Illinois, was put through a probit analysisstatistical system which assigned dollar-and-cents values to factors such as timeand comfort."The value of time to the typical commuter traveling by transit between Skokieand the Chicago Loop," Lisco said, "issomething on the order of $2.50 to $2.70per hour— slightly over four cents a minute."Yet, thèse same commuters are willingto pay $1.50 to $2.50 a day extra to drivetheir own cars to work, even though the28People0verall commuting times are the same. Theadvantage in driving is that the totalamount of walking is reduced. The great-est contribution to the driving cost figureis for parking, which may vary by morethan two dollars a day, depending onproximity to the business district.It is likely, Lisco said, that a similarévaluation is made by the user of masstransportation in evaluating the distance towork from his final transit stop. "The différence of a couple of blocks in the location of mass transit or parking facilitiesmay hâve a greater influence on the commuters' choices of transportation than theoverall différence in times and costs mightimply," Lisco reported.Lisco chose the section of Clark Streetsouth from Jackson Boulevard to aroundTaylor Street as the best example of asteeply decreasing parking-cost profile. Inthis area, parking costs drop from threedollars a day to seventy-five cents in slightly less than a half -mile as one progressessouth from the finançial center at the northend of the segment."If this is translated into the amountof money that commuters are willing tospend in order to save walking time, itcornes to twelve cents a minute."According to Lisco, the typical commuter is willing to pay about eight centsa minute more just to avoid the discomf ortalone of having to walk further to work."Therefore," concludes Lisco, "whenmass transit lines are planned, very closeattention must be paid to exactly wherecommuters are expected to work relativeto the planned line. Otherwise, rather un-expectedly low passenger loads may resuit,with both private and public économielosses."Lisco's findings also support the beliefthat women are less inclined than men todrive through rush hour traffic."Women regard driving as being $1.08to $1.26 a day more disagreeable than domen," he said.Age is also a factor. The youngest andoldest commuters are more prone to usemass transportation, leaving the driving tothose thirty-two to fifty-two years old. Robert B. Duffield, an Assistant Director of the John Jay Hopkins Laboratoryof the General Atomic Division of GeneralDynamics Corporation in San Diego, hasbeen named Director of the Argonne National Laboratory. Duffield has been prominent in basic and applied nuclear researchsince the early days of World War II. Hejoined General Atomic in 1956 as Chairman of the Chemistry Department andmost recently has been in charge of theresearch and development program for thePeach Bottom HTGR (High-TemperatureGas-cooled Reactor) Atomic Power Station. He had been on the University ofIllinois faculty for a décade before joiningthe staff of the Hopkins Laboratory at itsestablishment. Duffield succeeds WinstonM. Manning, an Associate Director ofArgonne, who has been serving as ActingDirector since June 1 . On that date, AlbertV. Crewe, who had been Argonne's director since 1961, returned to teaching andresearch in physics at the University. Manning will continue as an Associate Directorat Argonne.Dr. Daniel J. McCarty, an authority inthe field of arthritis and rheumatism, hasbeen named Professor of Medicine. Heformerly was chief of the Section ofRheumatology at Hahnemann MédicalCollège and Hospital in Philadelphia. Dr.McCarty is Editor-in-Chief of Arthritisand Rheumatism, the officiai journal ofthe American Rheumatism Association.He has received the Gairdner Foundation'sAnnual International Award for researchaccomplishments, the Arthritis Foundation's Russell Cecil National Award formédical writing and the American MédicalAssociation's Hektoen Silver Medal for ascientific exhibit. In 1965, McCarty waschosen to deliver the Wall ace Graham Mémorial Lecture at Queens University inKingston, Ontario.Soia Mentschikoff, Professor of Law,has been appointed by Président LyndonB. Johnson to a six-year term on the panelof arbitrators of the International Centerfor Seulement of Investment Disputes, af-filiated with the World Bank.Léonard B. Meyer, PhD'54, Chairman of the Music Department, was one of thejudges for the third annual Artists' Ad-visory Council musical composition con-test held this fall. The contest, open to ailChicago area composers, was co-sponsoredby the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.Bruce A. Morrissette, Professor ofFrench Literature, has been appointedChairman of the Department of RomanceLanguages and Literatures. He is an authority on the modem French novel andits relationship with contemporary cinéma.Morrissette succeeds Bernard Weinberg,who returns to full-time teaching and research.James W. Moulder, 41, PhD'44, Professor and Chairman of the Department ofMicrobiology, has been appointed ActingM aster of the Biology Collegiate Divisionand Acting Associate Dean of the Collège.Moulder succeeds Ray Koppelman, whowill spend the next two years as head ofthe National Science Foundation office inNew Delhi, India.Cari H. Rinne has been named Principal of The University of Chicago HighSchool and Assistant Professor in theGraduate School of Education. He formerly was a research assistant at the StanfordCenter for Research and Development inTeaching and a supervisor of intern teachers at Stanford's School of Education. Hereceived both his AM and PhD from Stanford University. His spécial field of research is applied English linguistics. Rinnesucceeds J. Willard Congre ve, who isworking on a fédéral project to upgradeurban éducation.Colin W. Williams, Associate Secretaryof the Division of Christian Life and Mission of the National Council of theChurches of Christ in the U.S. A., has beenappointed Professor of Ministry and Director of the Doctor of Ministry programat the Divinity School. A native of Victoria, Australia, Williams is a minister ofthe Methodist Church of Australia. He hastaught both history and theology at Melbourne University, and he is the author ofmany articles and several books, includingJohn Wesley's Theology Today, Where inthe World, and Faith in a Secular Age.29WrmtMsEdward H» Levi"Aristocratie, brilliant of mind, . . . hehas the interesting trait of being able toprobe without arousing antagonism. Histouch, his attitudes, his slight figure andflashing eyes, the mobility of his goodlooks, ail indicate sophisticated refinement,but his record— he is an old Hutchins man— is that of a Young Turk."Journalist John Gunther was describingEdward H. Levi, 56, Provost of The University of Chicago and its next Président.Close friends say it is impossible to capture Levi on paper, that he is a strong andvital personality who défies categorization.Those who hâve tried can only corne upwith such phrases as "an extraordinaryman," "a genius," "a modest man whoextols the virtues of others, never himself."No one will deny, however, that duringa life-long association with the Universityof Chicago Levi has distinguished himselfas an outstanding student, teacher, légalscholar, and administrator.It was an association that began at theâge of five when Levi entered the kinder-garten of the Laboratory Schools. He grad-uated from the University's Collège andLaw School, both with honors, then wentto Yale as a Sterling Fellow, earning hisJSD there in 1938.He returned to the Midway as instructorof law and quickly established a réputationfor wit and acuity in the classroom. Oneof his students, Charles F. Russ, Jr., sawhim this way:"Mr. Levi is dynamic . . . first yearstudents are faced with the piercing witand challenging questions of a brilliantprofessor . . . he encourages, if not com-pels, you to think for yourself."And: "He is the most entertaining pro fessor I know. Not without reason do students bring their girl friends, wives, andfriends to sit in on Levi sessions."In 1950 he was appointed Dean of theLaw School and soon afterwards spear-headed the drive for a modern Law Building. While it was under construction, heand Mrs. Levi walked by every evening tonote its progress. Levi and his staff movedin before it was completed. One day a secretary complained about plaster dust onher desk. That evening the Dean of theLaw School and his wif e mopped the office.As Dean, Levi was perhaps best knownfor luring top légal scholars from variousparts of the country to the campus. Hegave impetus to the University's interdis-ciplinary approach by adding an economistand a sociologist to the law faculty— ap-pointments he apologized for "until I no-ticed that other law schools had followedsuit."As a recruiter of scholars, Levi was instrumental in wooing George Beadle awayfrom the California Institute of Technology six years ago to become the University's président. Gunther relates:"Beadle loved his home and work inCalifornia, but the challenge offered byChicago overcame him. He visited theMidway and there met Edward Levi . . .who is one of the most persuasive menalive and who has an unfrightened attitudetoward the world. I asked Beadle how hehad been able to tear himself away fromthe life of a scholar. 'It was Levi who reallyhooked me,' he said."Sold on his new job, Beadle asked Levito be his chief académie officer. For thenext six years the provost and présidentformed a formidable team, attractingscores of distinguished scholars and scientists to the Midway. A voracious reader,Levi often would prépare for a talk with aprospective faculty member by readingeverything the scholar had written, as wellas works by other writers in the field.(Levi's reading speed is attested to by aChicago law professor who recently ac-companied him on a flight to Hawaii. "Edward brought along several books on Hawaii. Midway through the flight he turnedto me and asked, 'Hâve you anything good to read? l've finished thèse.5 ")During the Beadle-Levi years the number of faculty members rose to an all-timehigh of 1,080, and average faculty salariesrose to second highest in the country. Leviadds, "Of course the figure is meaninglessbecause we don't hâve any average professor s at Chicago."During the search for a new Présidentof the University, Levi had strong supportfrom the faculty.George J. Stigler, The Charles R. Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor ofEconomies and in the Graduate School ofBusiness and a member of the faculty-trustee committee which recommendedthe sélection of Levi for Président, said:"The breadth and the enthusiasm of thefaculty's support for Edward Levi is asremarkable as the man whom the trustéeshâve chosen. I expect Président Levi'srégime to be one of exhilarating intellectual ferment."Another Chicago coîleague remarked,"Ed Levi with the Chicago faculty is likethe sergeant who can lick any man in hisplatoon— but never has to prove it becausehe has their respect."In 1965, Levi was appointed ActingDean of the Collège in addition to hisduties as Provost. As Acting Dean, hereorganized the Collège into five divisions:Biology, Humanities, Physical Sciences,Social Sciences, and the New CollegiateDivision.The "Levi plan," instituted in 1966, wasdesigned to "give impetus to the kinds ofexperiments which hâve characterized Chi-cago's leadership," Levi said. "It is betterto develop diverse challenging programssuited to the growth capacity of students. . . than to compromise on what is acceptable to ail."Although no longer Acting Dean of theCollège, he has been, since June of 1966,a member of the University's Board ofTrustées, a rare honor for a faculty member.Levi's réputation as a teacher and administrator is well known. Perhaps lesswell known are his accomplishments as adistinguished légal scholar.Levi's An Introduction to Légal Reason-30ing, a classic légal work, is now in its tenthprinting in this country and was recentlytranslated into Spanish. Roscoe Poundsaid the book "promises a more real real-ism and augurs well for the science oflaw." Judge Jérôme N. Frank called it "asplendid job, one which sorely neededdoing." Thurman Arnold called the firstédition "the greatest pièce of jurispruden-tial writing that has corne to my attention."Levi served under Arnold during the1940's when Arnold was head of thé Justice Department's anti-trust division. Leviprosecuted numerous cases and gained aréputation as an authority in anti-trust law.In a récent survey, Professor Herbert L.Packer of Stanford University describesLevi as one of the two most brilliant scholars in the anti-trust field in his génération.Packer 's study notes that the manifesto ofthe "Chicago school" of .anti-trust thoughtis an article co-authored by Levi.Levi also was active in atomic energylégislation. He was a principal draftsmanof the McMahon Atomic Energy ControlLaw of 1946, which was virtually writtenin the basement of the University's oldLaw School. Levi's work provided thebasis for the establishment of the AtomicEnergy Commission and for a new ap-proach to domestic control of nuclearenergy.It was while Levi was working on theMcMahon Law in 1946, that he met KateSulzberger Hecht, the young widow of anArmy doctor.She recalls that her parents— Mr. andMrs. Frank L. Sulzberger— were very in-terested in atomic energy and had inviteda young légal expert in that field to theirhome for the evening. Although she hadwanted to go out, her parents insisted thatshe stay so that there would be at leastone young person présent for Mr. Levi'ssake."Edward says that his first memory ofme was of my storming into the livingroom that night . . . it was probably loveat first sight." They were married laterthat year.Levi's trademarks are his cigar and abow tie which is "always crooked." Thebow tie stems from Levi's days with the fédéral government when he worked withTom Clark, a U.S. Suprême Court justiceand bow tie fancier. Levi's tie collectionrecently doubled in size when Trustée BenHeineman, chairman of the board of theChicago and North Western Railway,switched to regular ties and sent his fiftybow ties to Levi.Until recently, another Levi trademarkwas a 1948 battered "dirty green, rusted-through" Chevrolet which he drove towork from his grey, wooden-frame housein Hyde Park-Kenwood. The car wasnever the same after it caught fire threeyears ago, and Levi reluctantly partedwith it recently.For récréation Levi listens to classicalmusic, plays tennis and captains a thirty-six foot cabin cruiser on Lake Michigan.The cruiser, which "sleeps six uncomfort-ably," has been "good to me. It's thequickest way to get out of town," Leviquips. Until this year the Levi family tookan annual two-week cruise to SturgeonBay, Wis. This year, however, the University occupied most of Levi's time and theboat remained tied up in its Burnham Har-bor berth ail summer.The Levis hâve three sons— John, Davidand Michael. John, 19, is a junior at theUniversity of Rochester; David, 16, is asenior at the Lab School and président ofhis class; and Michael, 12, is in the sixthgrade at the Lab School.With each new child, Levi's study wasconverted to a bedroom and a new studywas added to the house. The latest study isso well sound-proofed that "Edward hasto corne out once in a while to see what'sgoing on," says Mrs. Levi.None of the Levis share PrésidentBeadle's enthusiasm for gardening. Mrs.Levi recalls that, "Edward planted abouttwenty rose bushes once, and he heard thatthey had to be sprayed often. Every nighthe sprayed them religiously, eventuallyspraying them to death. He lost aU interestin gardening at that point."The Levis entertain frequently and asinformally as possible. Levi dislikes having a head table at spécial dinners; insteadhe tries to seat guests of honor among theother guests. The Levis once gave a dinner at whichone of the guests later wondered why hewasn't seated at the head table. Levi re-plied, "I thought you were at the headtable. You were seated with my wife."Former Senator Paul H. Douglas, onceMrs. Levi's boss, congratulated the University's Board of Trustées for its "soundéconomie policy" in appointing Levi tothepresidency. Not only was it a very distinguished appointment, he said, but theUniversity "is getting two very able peoplefor the price of one."The Levi's ties to the University extendto other members of their families. One ofLevi's brothers, Julian, PhB'29, JD'31, isProfessor of Urban Studies at the University and director of the South East ChicagoCommission. His other brother, Harry, received his law degree from the Universityin 1942 and now practices with a Chicagofirm. Mrs. Levi's father is a Life Trustéeof the University. Her sister, Jean, is married to Bernard D. Meltzer, Professor inthe Law School.Levi's pride in and affection for the University perhaps were most eloquently ex-pressed in his statement accepting theoffer of the presidency. He said, in part:"The University of Chicago is one ofthe finest educational institutions. It isgreat because of the strength of its faculty;because of the care, understanding, andconcern which the trustées and other citi-zens hâve for its welfare; because of itslocation in the Middle West which hasstamped the institution with a confidentand expérimental sjbirit. The University isgreat because it has the sensé of missiontoward excellence, a sensé that springsfrom the pioneering work of John D.Rockefeller and William Rainey Harperand is felt by ail associated with the University— trustées, faculty, and students."Many scholars from ail over the worldhâve responded to the opportunity to joinin this intellectual enterprise, attracted bythe uniqueness which is hère. It is in thisspirit that I welcome the opportunity toserve an institution which in many wayshas been my life. . ."I will do my best for this institutionwhich I love." D32Willie DavisLike a lot of other graduate students atChicago, Willie Davis attends classes andholds down a part-time job. His classmates,who generally see him only in the winterand spring quarters, know him as just another hard-working MBA candidate in theGraduate School of Business. But in theautumn months, in his other rôle as stardéfensive end for the Green Bay Packers,Willie Davis is to football what Claude-Levi-Strauss is to anthropology or RobertS. Mulliken is to physical chemistry.In the seven years he has been with thePackers, the team has won five divisionaltitles and four world championships. Theynow rule the professional football worldthe way the Yankees once ruled baseball.Davis, the défensive captain, is a vital partof their success. He has been an all-pro—ie., voted the best player in his position-for five seasons.Why, then, does he bother with graduateschool?"When I went into the pros," he says,"I decided that I wanted to be the bestdéfensive end in the league. In a few yearsni hâve reached ail the goals I've set formyself, and 1*11 be looking for a new challenge. People can't see why Jimmy Brown[the former Cleveland Browns star] quitfootball to go into acting. He just ran out°f challenges in football and was lookingfor new ones. I've decided that I want to go into business, and I'm willing to pay theprice to reach the top.Davis observed that some athlètes hâveended up as figureheads or good-will am-bassadors in business. "I don't want to geta job as Willie Davis the football player,or Willie Davis the Negro. I want to makea real contribution to business. It's mainlypride.""Actually I'm not that unique at Chicago. Dick Leeuwenburg [the formerChicago Bears player] got his master's inbusiness hère this summer, and GeorgeBurman of the Los Angeles Rams is study-ing in the Graduate School of Businesswith the same kind of schedule I hâve,studying for one or two quarters and play-ing football the rest of the year. WilliamRainey Harper made a contribution to theéducation of professional football playerswhen he set up the quarterly system. Lastspring, when ail three of us were hère,someone made a crack that Chicago couldput together a pick-up team and go out andbeat Michigan State or Notre Dame."Willie D. Davis was born in Lisbon, La.,in 1934, but the family moved to Texar-kana, Arkansas while he was a child. Hismother raised him and his brother andsister after she and her husband separated."I can't give my mother enough crédit.She stressed the value of éducation to usconstantly. [His brother and sister are Above: A Davis specialty—the défensive rush.Hère, in an old Packers-Bears gaine, Davis(87) crowds in on worried-looking Bears quar-terback Bill Wade (9), to throw him for a loss.studying for master's degrees at UCLAand Los Angeles State Collège, respective-ly.] We were on the verge of middle classfor a Negro family in Texarkana, but thatwas mainly because we ail worked. Mymother, who's now recognized as one ofthe finest caterers in the city, worked in thekitchen of the Texarkana Country Club,and she got me a job there when I was stillin high school. I was too busy working toget into trouble, but it also hurt my studies.I was just a shade over average as a highschool student."After high school, Davis attendedGrambling Collège in Louisiana, where hemajored in industrial arts and minored inphysical éducation and mathematics."Even as a kid, I was fascinated by business. I used to watch merchants downtown,and I thought what they did was tremen-dous. But the counselor at Grambling waspretty frank. He said that my chances ofsuccess in business were almost non-exist-ent in the South. So I decided to go intoteaching, partly because of what he saidand partly because I wanted to makemoney right away to help my brother and33sister get through collège."A Dean's List student for his last twoyears at Grambling, Davis was graduatedin 1956 after a sensational football season.Two years in the Army followed. When hereturned to civilian life, he began playingfor the Cleveland Browns. While in Cleve-land, Davis completed half the requiredcourses for a master's degree in physicaléducation at Western Reserve University,and he taught school part-time."Substitute teaching was frustrating.Both the kids and I knew that I was onlytemporary, and I really couldn't achieveanything. Also this idea of going into business was still with me."Eventually Davis quit teaching and be-came a salesman for the Duquesne Brew-ing Company.While in Cleveland, Davis met andmarried his wife, Ann, who was studyingfor a master's degree in éducation. Theyhâve two children, William Duane, 6, andLori Ann, 2.The year 1 960 was a turning point, bothin his football career and his life. TheBrowns "gave up on him" and traded himto Green Bay for A. D. Williams, an offensive end. Williams has not been heard ofsince, but Davis was a star from the begin-ning of his Green Bay career.Davis moved to the South Shore sectionof Chicago and began working as a salesman for the Schlitz Brewing Company. Hewas leading a comfortable life, but hewasn't satisfied. He decided he would hâveto "pay the price." In 1963, he beganstudying for his master's at the University'sDowntown Center, and switched to themain campus in 1964."Actually, I chose The University ofChicago for its location and its quartersystem. I didn't know that it was going tobe a completely new starting point in éducation for me. It's amazing what I've beenexposed to and what I've found out that Ididn't know. If I'd known beforehandwhat I was getting into, I might never hâvestarted. But now that I'm'committed, 1*11go ail the way."Despite being older than most of hisclassmates, possessing a sketchy back-ground in business, and giving so much of his time to football and speaking engagements, Davis is making good progresstoward his degree. He is pleased that eachquarter his performance has improved."I like the fact that I don't get any spécial treatment hère. Some of the profs areinterested in sports, but a good number ofthem couldn't care less about the GreenBay Packers or football in gênerai. That'sfine with me. About the only concession tomy background is that a lot of studentsconsider me an almost infallible authorityon sports."On speaking engagements he often isasked about the University, mostly aboutstudent activism. "I can only tell peoplewhat I know. When I agrée with a studentprotest group, I say so. Sometimes I dis-agree, or I feel that after they've madetheir points, they should take it easy. Also,it's important to know whether a smallminority or most of the students support aparticular view."Davis, inevitably, has thought of coach-ing, and he sees some parai lois betweenthat and a business career. "If I do go intocoaching, I'd like to be a pro or major collège coach. This would be just as challenging as being a company executive. VinceLombardi [the Green Bay coach], AraParseghian [Notre Dame], and DuffyDougherty [Michigan State] ail hâve talents that could make them successful businessmen."In discussing football, Davis is realisticabout what it has done for him. "I got afree éducation, and because I became apro I had a chance to move north whenopportunités were just opening up forNegroes. Before, I felt confined to teaching. But with a good salary for playingprofessional football I had some maneu-vering room, I was able to look around.And it's mainly football that's paying mytuition at Chicago.Davis believes that football has been anéducation in itself. "I've learned to operateunder pressure. If you follow the historyof the Packers, this is obvious. We'veplayed for division, league, and worldtitles, and a lot of our games hâve beendecided only in the last few minutes, eventhe last few seconds. Look at the Green34Bay-Dallas league championship game atthe end of last season. Dallas had fourgood cracks at a possible winning touch-down at the end of the game, and on thefinal play we stopped them inside our five-yard Une. Just one play could hâve cost usthe league title and the world title, not tomention the bonuses that go with them."(A loss would hâve cost each player about$17,000.)"If I hadn't succeeded in football, Idon't know if I would hâve had the confidence to go into business, or to go toChicago. Football can really help build anego-which isn't bad if you keep it in theright perspective.""Temporary hâte is part of our business," Davis says. "One week we're out toget those so-and-so's, the Bears. The nextweek it's the Coïts— and so on until the endof the season. I might build up an artificialfeeling of hatred against Mike Ditka [former Chicago Bears end] ail week, andengage in really vicious hand-to-hand combat with him on Sunday afternoon. But assoon as the game is over, we're congratu-lating eaeh other and talking about ourfamilies."Davis would like to see his son partici-pate in sports, but feels strongly againstpressuring him, particularly in football."I'd just like to see him play any sport,whether it's handball or tennis or evenfootball. Being exposed to compétition isgood for anyone, and just keeping in goodphysical condition and having fun are justification enough."One thing Davis is definite about: hisson and daughter will be exposed to ail theéducation they want. He wants them atleast to go to collège. "The main thing Iwant to teach them myself is that they'reliving in a world full of many différentkinds of people, and that they've got tojudge everybody as an individual."That is what Davis wants for himselfand for Negroes in gênerai. When henames Negroes he admires, he includesMartin Luther King, Roy Wilkins, Thur-goôd Marshall, and John Conyers."When you look at our nation with itstremendous resources and wealth, it reallybothers you that we could hâve such an ugly mark as ségrégation. We shouldn'tput up with something that we are so guiltyand touchy about."I don't think bitterness helps. I've seena good deal of progress in the last fifteenyears or so. Texarkana is a good example.I went to a segregated high school there,and none of us got the opportunities whitekids got. It was tough for a Negro growingup in the South to keep a sensé of direction.Why bother to study when your ability andknowledge won't help you to get a job?Now the schools are integrating, even inTexarkana, and opportunities are grad-ually opening up. But oh, so slowly."We're in a transitional period. I'm notbitter now. But if I look around in fifteenyears and see the same conditions, maybeI will be bitter."I've never been too excited about BlackPower. It may sound cynical, but in racerelations, like in a number of other things,I'm a great believer in Green Power."Davis and other athlètes hâve joinedJim Brown's Negro Industrial EconomieUnion (NIEU). The organization helpsNegroes get loans to set up small busi-nesses. Ail applicants are carefullyscreened until NIEU is sure that they aregood investments. "We're not looking forfabulous success stories, just guys whocan succeed in small businesses like drycleaning, small stores, restaurants, any-thing. This is probably more important tothe average Negro than seeing a NegroSenator or Suprême Court Justice. It's notsomething out of reach."It's annoying that people often lookupon any organization with the words"Negro" or "Black" in the title and brandit as violent or radical. Nobody gets excited about the Sons of Italy or B'naiB'rith."Davis says it's a fallacy that the success-ful Negro isn't qualified to talk on racialproblems. "Once you break through theéconomie strangle-hold, you don't auto-matically forget your héritage, your fears,where you came from. My problem is notidentical with that of the poôr Negro, butI haven't suddenly ceased being a Negro.Once I started making a certain number ofdollars, I couldn't take a pill to make my self white. It might surprise some people,but I wasn't looking for such a pill."Another of Davis' interests is youngpeople. He speaks at an average of onebanquet a week, and he prefers speakingto high school students and father-sonmeetings. A typical day during the winterand spring quarters might find him gettingup at 7:00 a.m., studying until a 10:30class, driving to a nearby city after classto speak at a dinner (and maybe studyingat the local library, if he has time), andgetting home about 1 1 : 00 p.m. for morestudying. The speaking engagements makefor a hectic pace, but Davis wouldn't aivethem up.Davis is on the Auxiliary Board of Di-rectors of the Milwaukee Boys' Clubs anda member of Mayor Daley's CHAMPSAdvisory Council and the South ShoreYouth Committee.Davis did take a "vacation" this sum-mer. He and his family stayed at anon-denominational boy's camp in theAdirondacks for two weeks. "We ail had awonderful time. I refereed basketballgames, gave physical exercises, showedsome Packer films, and counseled the kids.On the day we left the kids got up at 5:00a.m. and washed the car for us. When wedrove through the gâte, ail seventy-fiveboys were lined up with a sign that said,SIX INCHES - SPREAD - BACK -DOWN-GROAN-CROAK' [Davis's cadence for the leg lift, a particularly tortur-ous exercise he had put the boys through].That was really great."Davis's sensé of humor is being put tothe test this football season. The Packersare the favorites to win their third consécutive league championship and secondstraight world title, despite having a weak-er offense this year. This means that thedéfensive unit, which Davis leads, hasmore pressure on it than ever before.Davis enjoys his graduate courses thatdeal with personnel problems more thanthose dealing with statistics. On the grid-iron he is working with and against someof the toughest men in the world and isvitally concerned with some deceptivelysimple statistics— inches, feet, and yards-to-go. ?35CLUB NEWSCOMING EVENTSDétroit: Nov. 16George R. Hughes, Professor of Egyp-tology and Associate Director of theOriental Institute, will introduce and comment on the award-winning film, "TheEgyptologists."Milwaukee: Nov. 18A spécial conférence on "CommunistChina: Perspectives and Policy" will bepresented by the Alumni Club of Milwaukee and the Milwaukee World AffairsCouncil, in coopération with The University of Chicago Center for Policy Study.Tang Tsou, Professor of Political Science,will open the conférence with a luncheonaddress on "The Cultural Révolution."Panelists for the discussion session follow-ing the luncheon will be Robert Dernberg-er, Assistant Professor of Economies andPolitical Science; Norton S. Ginsburg, Professor of Geography; and Morton A.Kaplan, Professor of Political Science andChairman of the Committee on International Relations. C. Ranlet Lincoln, Director of Alumni Affairs, will be modera-tor. A cocktail hour will follow.Bloomington, 111.: Dec. 1George R. Hughes, Professor of Egyp-tology and Associate Director of theOriental Institute, will introduce and comment on the award-winning film, "TheEgyptologists," at a dinner meeting forBloomington area alumni and guests. ChicagoThe nearly 100 new students who arechildren of alumni were invited to a spécialwelcoming program at Reynolds ClubThéâtre, Oct. 2 1 , sponsored by the AlumniAssociation. James' O'Reilly, Director ofUniversity Théâtre, and Annette Fern per-formed scènes from Macbeth and Who'sA f raid of Virginia Woolf?, followed by agroup discussion led by O'Reilly and in-cluding faculty members Mark Ashin,Kenneth Northcott, and Fairinda West.Chicago area alumni were invited to theDuke Ellington concert of sacred musicat Rockefeller Chapel, Oct. 15. The program was sponsored by the Visiting Committee to the Division of the Humanities,Earl Ludgin, Chairman. WashingtonWilliam H. McNeill, AB'38, AM'39,Professor of History, spoke to alumni andguests on "The Uses and Abuses of WorldHistory" at the Washington Muséum ofNatural History, Oct. 20. McNeill was in-troduced by John U. Nef, Professor in theCommittee on Social Thought and Chairman, Center for Human Understanding.For information on alumni programs,or for assistance in planning an event inyour community with a guest speaker fromthe University, contact (Mrs.) Jane Steele,Program Director, The University of Chicago Alumni Association, 5733 UniversityAve., Chicago, lll. 60637, téléphone (312)643-0800, ext. 4291.Pictured hère and on the facing page are new students who are children of alumni, seen at thtAssociation's welcoming program at the Reynolds Club Théâtre on Oct. 2 1 (see Chicago, abovth36Alumni News 96Emery R. Yundt, PhB'96, at 98 one ofour oldest alumni, visited Alumni Housethis summer for a chat and, later, a tour ofthe campus. Mr. Yundt was brought toChicago by the Pomona Lion's Club, ofwhich he was Charter Président, for theLions International 50th anniversary.00Sara Janson, SB'00, MD'03, was fea-tured in a long profile in the June 15, 1967,issue of the Chicago Tribune. Dr. Jansonhas practiced gênerai medicine in Chicagofor more than sixty years and still sees patients in her apartment on the northwestside of the city.10William C. Moore, PhD' 10, writes ofthe death of his daughter, Lillian Moore,on July 28, 1967. She was a historian ofthe Dance Art and had contributed articlesto Encyclopedia Britannica.12 ~Isabel Jarvis, PhB'12, a graphie illus-trator, was written up in the RichmondTimes-Dispatch in February, 1967, andinterviewed on her extensive study andsketches of architecture of early Americancourthouses. 15Jerry Newby, X'15, had a write-up inthe February 1967 issue of the OklahomaJournal as one of the first geologists in1917 to conduct surface mapping of Oklahoma City and to discover vast oil depositsin the Oklahoma City field.18 ~Mrs. Jasper King, PhB'18, spoke on"Did Shakespeare Actually Write AilThose Great Works?" at a récent meetingof the ElanDees Women's Study Group inGlencoe, 111. 20Eunice Prutsman, AM'20, retired deanof girls at Morton Junior Collège, has been named Woman of the Year by the Cicero(111.) Business and Professional Woman'sClub. 23Edwin R. Buehrer, DB'23, AM'23, min-ister of the Third Unitarian Church in OakPark, 111., spoke on "Moral Issues in Chil-dren's Behavior" at a récent meeting ofthe York Center PTA, Lombard, 111.Henry Steele Commager, PhB'23, AM'24, PhD'28, the noted American historian,recently spoke on "America's Global Re-sponsibilities Today" at Lake Forest (111.)Collège Commons.James S. Hudnall, X'23, a Consultinggeologist and petroleum engineer in Tyler,Tex., has been named a DistinguishedAlumnus of the University of Kentucky.24Zelma George, PhB'24, sociologist, hu-manitarian, actress-singer, and recognizedauthority on Negro music, recently spokeon "The Negro: Problems, Goals, Methods" at Aquinas Collège, Grand Rapids,Mich. 25Henry N. Harkins, SB'25, SM'26,PhD'28, MD'31, professor of surgery atthe University of Washington School ofMedicine in Seattle, recently lectured atthe University of Mississippi Médical Center as visiting professor of surgery. Hespoke on the repair of groin hernias andmanagement of peptic ulcers. Dr. Harkinshas made important contributions to surgery through his clinical works dealingwith the physiology of gastric sécrétionand the surgical treatment of peptic ulcération. He has served as visiting professorof surgery at médical centers throughoutthe United States as well as in Australiaand Sweden. Mexico and Sweden hâvehonored him for his contributions to medicine. From 1947 to 1962 he was first executive officer of the Department of Surgeryat the University of Washington School ofMedicine; he chair ed this department from1962 until 1964. Dr. Harkins is editor-in-chief of the Quarterly Review of Surgery and is serving on the editorial boards ofthree other professional journals. He haswritten 346 published scientific articlesand authored several books on surgeryspecialties. 26Leona Train Rienow, PhB'26, is theco-author, with her husband, Robert, ofa new book Moment In The Sun (DialPress). The book is an item-by-item présentation of the ways in which we hâveignored ecological principles to abuse andpollute our environment. The Rienowshâve been co-authors of several otherbooks, one of which is Our New Life WithThe Atom (1959) . They also hâve writtenfor Saturday Review, Harper's, The NewYork Times Magazine, and Cosmopolitan. 27Albert W. Meyer, SB'27, PhD'30, hasbeen appointed executive secretary of thePlastics Institute of America, Inc., Ho-boken, N.J. 28Rufus Oldenburger, AB'28, SM'30, PhB'34, director of Purdue University's Automatic Control Center, has been awardedthe 1967 Donald P. Eckman EducationAward by the Instrument Society ofAmerica. 29Ralph H. Ojemann, PhD'29, professorof the Institute of Child Behavior andDevelopment, recently was honored at afaculty récognition dinner for retiring staffand faculty members at the University ofIowa. Mr. Ojemann will continue his workfor the Cleveland Educational ResearchCouncil, where he has been on leave fromthe University of Iowa for the past twoyears. He is director of Child-EducationalPsychology and Préventive Psychiatry.Ojemann has held offices and served oncommittees of numerous state and nationalorganizations devoted to improving educational methods, children's welfare, mental health, and family and human relations.38numerous articles and books dealing withbusiness and business éducation. 33Henry Cragg, SB'33, has been appointedto the Board of Directors of the Jackson-ville Branch of the Fédéral Reserve Bankof Atlanta. He will assume his new position in December, 1967. As a member ofthe seven-man board. Mr. Cragg will par-ticipate in directing the activities of theReserve Bank's Jacksonville Branch. Priorto this appointment, Mr. Cragg was chairman of the Board and Chief ExecutiveOfficer of the Minute Maid Company ofOrlando, Fia. Mr. Cragg and his wife, theformer Evelyn Reynolds Fulford, live inWinter Park, Fia.Anna L. Keaton, PhD'33, dean ofwomen and assistant dean of students atIllinois State University, retired from herposts August 31, 1967. She will remainon the faculty this year to research a pro-posed book on the history of student personnel services at ISU. 34J. Kenneth Mulligan, PhB'34, AM'37,has been appointed to head a newly f ormedBureau of Training for the Civil ServiceCommission. The new bureau is chargedThe University of Chicago Alumni Association5733 University AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637j Enclosed is my check for a subscription to The University| of Chicago Magazine, as indicated in the adjoining box.1 Name1 (PLÈASE PRINT)1 Address1 Citv& State Subscription Plans (check one)Q One Year, $5? Three Years, $13 [? Five Years, $20 |? Life, $100 JZip Code ? Life— first payment of $20 enclosed; bal- Iance in four similar annual payments. [— — , , , , i_i1 , ^ 39He has published some 200 articles.Norman E. Watson, AM'29, has joinedthe Glenview architectural firm of Forrestp. Wendt and Associates as an educationalplanner. Mr. Watson will work with schoolboards requesting help in the developmentof building programs. He has researchedschool buildings in this country andEurope. He also has written a number ofarticles on educational matters. He hasreceived two Ford Foundation grants forthe study of planning and construction ofschool buildings, and he has served as consultant to several school boards and ad-ministrators. From 1947 to 1964, Watsonwas the first superintendent of the Glen-brook (111.) High School District. 30Arthur F. Marquette, PhB'30, has written a book, Brands, Trademarks and GoodWill, the story of the Quaker Oats Co. andFerdinand Schumacher, the "OatmealKing of Akron, Ohio."Philip B. Newkirk, PhD'30, JD'30, recently joined the Security Bank of Mt.Vernon, 111., as trust officer.Saul Padover, AM'30, PhD'32, professor of political science at the New Schoolfor Social Research, NYC, spoke on "TheWorld of Tomorrow And The Destiny of the Jew," at a récent program of the Sub-urban Essex (N.J.) Cultural Séries. 31Errett Van Nice, PhB'31, has beenelected a director-at-large of the NationalTuberculosis Association. Mr. Van Nicehas been a member of the Institute's boardsince 1947 and served as its président in1964-65. In 1961 he chaired the ChristmasSeal campaign in Chicago and CookCounty. Van Nice has been associatedwith the Harris Trust & Savings Banksince 1932 and was named senior vice-président in 1961. He has been an activemember of various civic organizationsand has contributed much leadership andservice to the University of ChicagoAlumni Fund. 32Ray G. yïôtpi AM'32, professor ofbusiness éducation at the University ofMinnesota, recently conducted a seminarin gênerai business at Brigham Young University's Summer School. Mr. Price hashad a wide variety of teaching expériencein the Indiana Schools, Indiana State University, and has served as the director ofBusiness Teacher Training at the University of Cincinnati. He is the author ofwith planning and promoting the development, improvement, coordination, andévaluation of training throughout the Fédéral Government. Mr. Mulligan writes thathis daughter, Jean, graduated from TheUniversity of Chicago on June 10, 1967.The Mulligans live at 4615 Hunt Avenue,Chevy Chase, Maryland. 35Mildred E. Fitz Henry Jones, AM'35,chairman of the Community Division ofthe National Board of the YWCA, wasthe keynote speaker at the annual meetingof the YWCA of Ridgewood, N.J. HerTopic was, "The YWCA as a Pace-Setter."Mrs. Jones is a former vice président ofthe National Board of the YWCA. Shehas been a member of the national boardsince 1953, and from 1953 to 1958 waschairman of the National Public AffairsCommittee. She is a member of the Executive Committee of the World YWCA,and serves as a co-ordinator for YWCAcover âge at the United Nations. She alsois a member of the Présidents Commission on the Status of Women. 36Harriet D. Hudson, AM'36, PhD'50,Dean of Randolph-Macon Woman's Collège, Lynchburg, Va., has been appointedto the National Advisory Health Manpower Council. Miss Hudson joined theCollège in 1953. From 1939 to 1942, shewas an instructor at Pine Manor JuniorCollège, Wellesley, Mass., and from 1942to 1947 at Mt. Holyoke Collège, SouthHadley, Mass. From 1948 to 1953 shewas an assistant professor of économiesat the University of Illinois. Miss Hudsonhas been a member of the American Council on Education Committee on CollègeTeaching and of numerous committees ofthe Association for Higher Education, theCollège Entrance Examination Board, theSouthern Association of Collèges andSchools, and the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation. She hasbeen a member of the Board of Directorsof the Tuition Exchange since 1957. 37Oscar Lanphar, SB'37, AM'40, formerbusiness manager of Evanston elementaryschools, has been named business managerfor Junior Collège District 505, Cham-paign-Urbana, 111.S. D. Malaiperuman, PhD'37, Memberof the Council and Board Studies of theLondon Institute of World Affairs andformer General Secretary of the NationalCouncil of YMCA's of India, preached atRockefeller Chapel on July 21. He re-turned to campus while on his récent lecture tour of the United States. 38Neil H. Jacoby, PhD'38, Dean of theGraduate School of Business Administration at UCLA, spoke on "Basic WorldTrends and Their Meaning to AmericanBusiness" at a récent meeting of the LongBeach Chamber of Commerce.Sunder Joshi, PhD'38, minister of theUnitarian Church of Hinsdale, 111., spokeon "The Tempest in the Unitarian Teapot"at a récent meeting of the Glenview Unitarian Fellowship in Lyon School, Wauke-gan and East Lake, 111. 39Cletus F. Chizek, MBA'39, a seniorpartner in the accounting firm of Crowe,Chizek & Company, and a vice-chairmanand a member of the Board of Directorsof the St. Joseph Bank and Trust Co. ofSouth Bend, Ind., has been re-elected tothe Trial Board of the American Instituteof Certified Public Accountants.Mrs. Lorne D. Cook, '39, has been appointed consultant to the Center for Con-tinuing Education of the Claremont (Calif .)Collèges. 40Horace Gezon, MD'40, chairman of theDepartment of Pediatrics at Boston University School of Medicine, spoke on"Vietnam— A Médical Point of View" ata récent alumni lecture at Calvin College'sFine Arts Center, Grand Rapids, Mich.Melvin B. Gottlieb, SB'40„ PhD'52, di rector of the plasma physics laboratoryand professor of astrophysics at PrincetonUniversity, spoke on "Problems of PlasmaConfinement" at a récent science seminarséries sponsored by the Center for Graduate Study in Richland, Wash.41 "2Thomas A. Hart, PhD'41, Consultant inéducation with the University of Pitts-burgh Project in Ecuador for nearly fouryears, has been named deputy chief of theproject. On July 14, 1967, Dr. Hart wasawarded a Certificate of Merit for Distinguished Service to Education by theBoard of Directors of the Dictionary ofInternational Biography, London, and isthe subject of notice in Volume IV, Dictionary of International Biography.Clifton Hoffman, DB'41, executive secretary of the Southeastern District of theUnitarian Universalist Association ofGeorgia, spoke on "The Unitarian Image—How Far Out?" at a récent meeting ofthe Unitarian Universalist Fellowship ofColumbus Fort Benning, Ga.42 ~Naomi Smith Devoe, AB'42, has beennamed chairman of the Women's SpécialGifts Committee of the Metropolitan Cru-sade of Mercy. She also is président of theTemple Sholom sisterhood, Chicago, 111.Harry DeYoung, AB'42, has been appointed assistant to the dean of the Schoolof Libéral Arts and Science at Rider Collège, Trenton, N.J.Fred Hadsel, PhD'42, director of theOffice of Inter-African Affairs of the U.S.Department of State, gave the principaladdress on présent and future Americanpolicy in Africa for the African InstituteConférence held at the South Bend-Misha-waka Campus of Indiana University. 43Helen Haughton, AB'43, artist, recentlyhad a one-woman show of collages, paint-ings, and water colors on exhibit in thecommunity room of the Security Savingsand Loan Association East in ColoradoSprings, Colo.40Virginia Bayless O'Connell, AM'43, hasbeen appointed to the faculty of BowmanGray School of Medicine as instructor inpsychiatrie social work."^44 ~"^Norman Barker, Jr., AB'44, MBA'53,has been promoted to executive vice président of the United California Bank, LosAngeles, Calif.Bâtes Lowry, PhB'44, AM'52, PhD'56,founder of the Committee to Rescue Italian Art and head of the Art Department atBrown University, was named director ofthe Muséum of Modem Art in New YorkCity on July 1,1967.45Ernest Frank, PhB'45, SB'46, SM'60,MBA'59, recently joined the A. E. StaleyMfg. Co., Decatur, 111.Mrs. Frank D. Kenney, PhB'45, président of the Illinois Fédération of Repub-lican Women, was guest speaker at theannual meeting of Sterling-Rock Falls (111.)Fédération of Republican Women.Wallace W. Tourtellotte, PhB'45, PhD'48, MD'51, professor of neurology anddirector of the neurology research laboratory and multiple sclerosis clinic of theDepartment of Neurology at the University of Michigan, spoke on "Quality,Quantity and Appropriateness of MultipleSclerosis Research" at a récent meeting ofthe Central Branch Chapter of the Michigan Multiple Sclerosis Society. 46Elinor Berk, PhB'46, an instructor inJapanese flower arrangement, was one ofthe featured speakers at a récent lectureséries presented by the Chicago PublicLibrary and sponsored by the ChicagoChapter of Ikebana International.Elsie M. Lewis, PhD'46, acting head oifthe Howard University department of history, Washington, D.C., has been appointed to the Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee by Postmaster General LawrenceF. O'Brien.Rex Morthland, PhD'46, président ofPeoples Bank & Trust Company, Selma, Ala., has been elected président of theAlabama Bankers Association.James B. Parson, AM'46, JD'49, U.S.District Court Judge, received an honorarydoctor of laws degree from Millikin University, Decatur, 111., at the dedicationthere in his honor of Parsons ElementarySchool. 47Richard M. Klein, '47, SM'48, PhD'51,has been appointed professor in the department of botany of the Collège of Agriculture and Home Economies at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. 48David G. Anderson, SB'48, PhD'53, hasbeen appointed associate professor in theSchool of Medicine at the University ofMiami. Mr .^Anderson has been associatedwith the School of Medicine since 1960.He is doing research on terpene metab-olism in marine symbiotic organisms.John Buettner-Janusch, PhB'48, SB'49,AM'53, associate professor of anatomyand zoology at Duke University, Durham,N.C., has been named one of the schoolsfive best prof essors of 1966-67 by theundergraduate students. He is author offorty-five books and articles, but feels thatstudents should not be forced to adhèreto divisions in a textbook— even if he wroteit himself. Buettner-Janusch also believesthat a good professor must be active inresearch.William N. Flory, '48, vice présidentof Harris Trust & Savings Bank, Chicago,was named treasurer of the Bank PublicRelations & Marketing Association onJuly 1, 1967. Mr. Flory is a director of theAssociation, and has been an active member for many years. He also is this year'sMidwest régional chairman of the NationalDevelopment committee. He joined HarrisTrust in 1948 and advanced to vice président in 1966.Everett E. Gendler, AB'48, of the Jew-ish Center, Princeton, N.J., recently spokeat Princeton University Chapel Service inSchwab Auditorium. His topic was "The Life of His Beast." Mr. Gendler has servedcongrégations in Mexico City, Caracas,and Rio de Janeiro. He received Rabbinicordination from Jewish Theological Sem-inary in New York in 1957.49 ~John H. Kultgen, Jr., AM'49, PhD'52,chairman of the Southern Methodist University Department of Philosophy, hasbeen appointed consulting editor of theJournal of the History of Philosophy.Peter Selz, AM'49, PhD'54, Director ofthe University Art Muséum, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, recently gave a lecture at the University of Kentucky's Festival of the Arts. The thème of the Festival,"The Modem University: Patron of theArts," was the basis for an exhibit empha-sizing the value of académie art collectionsin educating students and nearby coramu-nities. 50Maurice Friedman, PhD'50, recentlyspoke at convocation of the Sacramento(Calif.) State Collège, sponsored by thecampus Cultural Programs Committee.His topic was "Contemporary Images ofMan." Mr. Friedman gained internationalrécognition with his comprehensive studyon the thought of the Jewish philosopher,Martin Buber, in "Life of Dialogue." Hehas studied in Europe and Israël on grantsfrom the Littauer and Gustave WurzweilerFoundations. 51Walter F. Berns, AM'51 , PhD'53, chairman of the government department atCornell University, recently spoke on "Ob-scenity and the Law" at Williams Collège,Williamstown, Mass.Dale G. Hardman, AM'51, a sociolo-gist, spoke on "Small Town Gangs" at arécent luncheon meeting of Round Tablein Fond Du Lac, Wis.52Milan J. Divina, AM'52, was appointedrecorder of Vassar Collège, Poughkeepsie,N.Y., on July 1,1967.41Ralph V. Ganser, MD'52, an otologistof South Bend, Ind., spoke on "Micro-Surgery for Heâring Problems" at a récentsession for the Indiana State Nurses Association.Lowell Jacobson, JD'52, a Magistrateof the Illinois Circuit Court, was presentedwith a Certificate of Merit in appréciationof his service to the Third District at a récent dinner meeting of the NorthwestSuburban Bar Association in ArlingtonHeights, 111.William T. Keeton, AB'52, SB'54, anassociate professor of biology in the section of neurobiology and behavior atCornell University, has written BiologicalScience (Norton Publishing Co.), a firstyear collège text. 53Raymond H. Lapin, MBA'53, recentlywas appointed président of the FédéralNational Mortgage Association. He wascommissioner of California State Economie Development Agency prior to his appointaient. Before his appointaient to theCalifornia post last year, Mr. Lapin wasprésident of Bankers Mortgage Co., ofCalifornia, which he founded in 1954. Hehas been active in community and Démocratie Party affairs in San Francisco.Mrs. John T. Meskill, AM'53, PhD'57,associate professor of history at VassarCollège, recently spoke at an open meeting of the Poughkeepsie Branch of theAmerican Association of UniversityWomen. Her topic was "Modem China."Mrs. Meskill joined the Vassar faculty in1956. She studied Chinese at ColumbiaUniversity and visited Taiwan on a Ful-bright grant in the summer of 1962. Sheis the author of Hitler and Japan and TheHollow Alliance, a. study of the German-Japanese alliance in World War II.Harold F. Rosenbaum, AB'53, MBA'55,has been named Director of Market Research at Hélène Curtis Industries, Chicago, 111. He also is a lecturer in Marketingat DePaul University. Mr. Rosenbaum isactive in the Chicago chapter of the American Marketing Association, and was recently co-chairman of a conférence on "The New Technology." He is marriedto the former Ann Underhill, AM'59, whois the area captain for the Wilmette UnitedFund, and member of the Board of Directors of the League of Women Voters.The Rosenbaums and their two childrenlive at 1422 Lincoln Street, Evanston, 111.54Lucy Jen Huang, PhD'54, associateprofessor of sociology at Lake Erie Collège, Painesville, Ohio, spoke on betterunderstanding of her native country,China, at a récent meeting of the Woman'sClub in Jackson, Mich.James V. Hunt, Jr., JD'54, of Wilmette,111., has been named assistant counsel forthe Mutual Trust Life Insurance Co. ofChicago.55Richard Luecke, PhD'55, director ofstudies at the Urban Training Center forChristian Mission, Chicago, spoke on "TheChurch and the Problem of Race," at aCommunity Lenten service in WesleyMethodist Church, Urbana, 111. 56Gordon K. Harrington, AM'56, PhD'59, associate professor of history at Car-thage Collège, Kenosha, Wis., attended atwo-month Summer Institute in India on aFulbright Grant.Mary K. Kent, AM'56, PhD'60, Professor of German Language and Literatureand Chairman of the Modem ForeignLanguage Department of Saint Xavier Collège, Chicago, has been awarded a postdoctoral research fellowship from theAmerican Council of Learned Societies.Ray H. Zarmer, MBA'56, director ofmanufacturing engineering and a memberof the executive staff of Appleton ElectricCo. in Chicago, spoke on "What Is theBaha'i Faith?" at a récent Sunday publicmeeting in the Wilmette (111.) Baha'iHouse of Worship. 57Jack W. Owen, MBA'57, executive vice-président and director of the New Jersey Hospital Association, was guest speakerat the annual meeting of the Newton Mémorial Hospital Board of Governors atPerona Farms, N.J. His topic was "Eventsin New Jersey and the Nation Which Af-fect Hospitals." Owen has been active forthe past ten years in hospital and relatedfields. He is président of the Hospital Research and Educational Trust of NewJersey and a member of the board of trustées of the Health Facilities PlanningCouncil for the State of New Jersey.Gerald J. Temaner, '57, and GordonM. Quinn, '65, hâve completed an 80 minute cinéma vérité documentary film,"Home For Life," on the Drexel Home forthe Aged in Chicago. The documentarywas shown at the Twenty-First EdinburghFestival on August 29 and also at the FifthNew York Film Festival on September 20-30 in the American Documentary Section.Bernard J. Williams, AB'57, AM'59,has been promoted to Assistant to theDirector of Personnel for the three cam-puses of the University of Illinois. Mr.Williams writes that his wife, the formerAndréa M. Reilly, AM'62, has been wofk-ing as a part time psychologist for theChampaign Mental Health Clinic. 58Byron O. Lee, Jr., MBA'58, vice, président of Commonwealth Edison Company'sSouthern Division, has been appointed tothe Board of Directors of the Joliet (111.)Fédéral Savings and Loan Association. Hejoined Commonwealth Edison in 1953 asan assistant engineer in the generating stations department and advanced to super-visor in 1960. He became vice présidentin 1966. Mr. Lee is active in several professional societies, civic organizations, andcommunity affairs. He and his wife, Mari-lyn, and their three children live at 3011Deer Path Drive, Joliet, 111.John P. Glavin, '58, MA'65, has beenappointed Research Assistant Professor ofSpécial Education in the Children's Research Center, Graduate Collège, in theDepartment of Spécial Education, Collègeof Education, University of Illinois, Urbana. Mr. Glavin was assistant professor42at the University of British Columbia from1966-67, prior to his appointaient. He wasa caseworker for the Cook County Welf areDepartment, 1958-59; a teacher in theChicago School System, 1960-61, and aResearch Assistant at George PeabodyCollège for Teachers, 1964 to 1966. 59Richard A. Myhre, MBA'59, has beenappointed raw material co-ordinator forInterlake Steel Corporation^ merchantiron division. Mr. Myhre was formerlymanager of raw material planning forInterlake and has been with the firm since1959. He is a member of the AmericanInstitute of Mining, the Métallurgical En-gineers, and the Association of Iron andSteel Engineers. Myhre lives at 1319 Pop-lar Court, Homewood, 111. 60Richard W. DeKorte, JD'60, has beenappointed new township attorney ofFranklin Lakes, N.J., for 1967. Mr. DeKorte is a member of the law firm ofJeffer, Walter and Tierney of Paterson,N.J. He recently was the récipient of theFranklin Lakes Jaycees outstanding citi-zens award for 1966, in which he wascited for his numerous contributions tothe borough's civic affairs. 61Richard F. Atkinson, '61, is professorof chemistry at Grand Valley State Collège, Allendale, Mich.William B. Oglesby, Jr., PhD'61, professor of pastoral counseling at Union The-ological Seminary in Richmond, Va., spokeon "Does the Church Hâve a Responsibil-ity for the Dépendent Child?" at a récentluncheon which closed the annual lectureséries at the Presbyterian Children's Homeand Service Agency in Itasca, Tex. 62Samuel S. Cottrell, MBA'62, a major inthe U.S. Air Force, recently was presentedthe Silver Star for gallantry in combat ata ceremony at Hurlburt Field, Fia. Richard A. Lipsey, MBA'62, has beenappointed Marketing Manager of Liggett& Myers Tobacco Company, New York,N.Y. 63Bob Kenny, PhD'63, and Shirley Kenny,PhD'64, teachers at George WashingtonUniversity and Catholic University respec-tively, in Washington, D.C., hâve beenawarded research fellowships by the National Endowment for the Humanities.Paul Léonard, BD'63, was ordained aPresbyterian Minister on May 14, 1967.64 ~~Stephen M. Berk, AM'64, has been appointed an instructor in history at UnionCollège, Schenectady, N.Y.65 ~~Robert Coover, AM'65, an instructorin English and Spanish at Bard Collège,Annandale-on-Hudson, N.Y., has beenawarded the 1966 William Faulkner Foundation Award for the "Best First Novel ofthe Year" for his book, The Origin of theBrunists (G. P. Putnam's Sons) .Thomas O. Edmunds, MA'65, has beenpromoted to assistant professor of pastoraltheology at Seabury- Western TheologicalSeminary.66 " ~~José E. de Alvare, MBA'66, recentlyjoined the consulting staff of Middle WestService Company of Chicago, a management and engineering consulting firm.Irène Rosenberg Grau, AM'66, pianist,recently was the f eatured perforrrier at anevening concert by the Saginaw (Mich.)Symphony Orchestra.Jim Pelikan, AM'66, is teaching at De-Paul University and working on his AM inphilosophy.67 ~~Peter Henriot, PhD'67, a political science teacher at Seattle University, participated in a six-week summer program on"The Negro in America" at Hampton (Va.)Institute. MemorialsPearl Hood Solenberger, AB'02, hasdied.Mary E. Young, PhB'02, died Apr. 29,1967.Mrs. Roy H. Brownlee, PhB'03, diedFeb. 20, 1967.Ralph Bailey, PhB'07, of Racine, Wis.,died Feb. 11,1967.Géraldine R. Lermit, PhB'07, a physicaltherapist, died Apr. 12, 1967.Homer K. Powell, PhB'07, professoremeritus at Adrian (Mich.) Collège, diedMar. 29, 1967.Alice Nourse Hobart, X'12, an authorwho wrote under the name of Alice Tis-dale, died Mar. 14, 1967.Mayme I. Logsdon, SB'13, AM'15, PhD'21, a member of the mathematics department of The University of Chicago andauthor of several textbooks, died July 4,1967.J. Fletcher Wellemeyer, AM'14, formerdean of the Kansas City (Kans.) JuniorCollège, died Apr. 10, 1967.Horace Annis, X'18, died Jan. 17, 1967.Allen J. Moon, X'20, died Mar. 8, 1967.Andrew M. Baird, PhB'21, retired senior vice président of A. G. Becker & Co.,died May 9, 1967.Atwood F. Wilson, '21, AM'34, diedMar. 26, 1967.Ruth P. Martin, PhB'23, AM'38, a retired teacher, died May 7, 1967.Rose E. Parker, AM'24, retired directorof the Division of Spécial Education atIllinois State University, died Apr. 27,1967.Vernon G. Grove, PhD'25, died Jan.23, 1967.Arthur W. Watterson, SB'43, PhD'50,head of the geography department of Illinois State University, died in November1966.Boris A. Jacobsohn, PhD'47, professorof Physics at the University of Washington, in Seattle, died Dec. 26, 1966. TheBoris A. Jacobsohn Mémorial LectureshipFund has been established in his memory.Walter F. Pretorius, AB'51, of FortRecovery, Ohio, died May 4, 1967.Wilbur D. Peat, AM'54, died Dec. 14,1966.43ARCHIVESNovember, 1892— A représentative of theColumbiân Exposition Rolling Chair Company was on campus, Nov. 22, recruitingstudent guides for the world's fair. Theguides wore light blue uniforms trimmedwith white, which cost twenty dollars outof their own pockets. They got a dollar aday plus commission (fifty cents to a dollar) for pushing the wheeled rattan chairsand giving a travelogue spiel.Of 370 ballots east in a mock vote onNovember 8, 164 were Prohibitionist, 151were Republican, 52 were Democrat, and3 were Peoples' Party.The University's first chamber concertwas given, Nov. 16, by the Jacobsen StringQuartette with pianist William H. Sher-wood.In a lecture on November 21, AmosAlonzo Stagg said that football was agreater game than baseball because everyman was engaged ail the time and thegame demanded higher physical, mental,and moral qualities. He predicted thatfootball would never become popularamong professionals because of their dis-like for its danger.New organizations meeting for the firsttime were the Political Economy and Dilettante Clubs and the Missionary Society.In studying possible sites for Yerkes Ob-servatory, the center of Washington Parkwas found satisfactory because of its re-moteness from the main part of the city.Charles T. Yerkes, who had pledged ablank check for the construction of anobservatory to contain the world's finestand largest télescope, gave the University$25,000 in November for the casting ofthe new telescope's optical glass.Roman or Etruscan gold, symbolic ofthe vivid, far-reaching light of éducation,were proposed in early discussions on thesélection of the University's officiai color.The Geological Club was cooperating ina Chicago Academy of Science survey andmapping of old Lake Michigan beaches inthe southern part of the city. The telltaleridges of two such beaches ran throughthe Quadrangle, one just east of CobbHall and the other through the construction site of Walker Muséum. November, 1917— Wartime biases werereflected in language class enrollments:Romance languages were up sharply whileGerman dropped by fifty percent. TheReynolds Club early in November sentpackages to Chicago doughboys in France.Included were copies of newspapers carry-ing news of the World Séries and récentissues of the Maroon and The Universityof Chicago Magazine. The University onNovember 1 opened a school in nervousdiseases for Army médical officers.Alpha Delta Phi, the only fraternitysuffering badly from a drop in membership due to wartime enlistments, gave upits house and moved to rooms in Hitchcock Hall. Beta Thêta Pi had razed theirold quarters in préparation for building anew house. Phi Kappa Sigma had a newhouse on fraternity row, and Sigma Numoved into the old Phi Kap house.Phi Chi, the first médical fraternity toestablish a chapter on Chicago's southside, had its house-warming, Nov. 9, at5476 Ellis Ave. The house was establishedin anticipation of the forthcoming médical school on campus, which was to replace the overcrowded and distantly lo-cated (on West Harrison Street) RushMédical Collège.First volumes of the Russian translationof James H. Breasted's History of Egypt,printed during the révolution, arrived hèreon November 17. The publisher reportedthat, despite the uncertain conditions inRussia, the book was selling well. TheFrench translation was not as fortunate:the publishing house in Brussels, where itwas being printed, had just been capturedby the Germans.The faculty voted to do away with theregularly scheduled lunch period. The planwould allow better utilization of académiehours and classes would end earlier in theafternoon.A spécial scoreboard was set up onStagg Field where football fans couldwatch play -by- play progress of gamesaway from home. The new scoreboard, setup by Référée Frank Birch and CoachStagg, posted players' names, yards gained,penalties, scoring, etc., as results were wired in from the game. At the system'sinaugural performance, Nov. 17, fans satin glum silence as the Maroons took theirworst drubbing in years, 33-0, at the handsof the Minnesota Gophers.November, 1942— More than 300 alumnireturned to campus, Nov. 9, to register fortwo spécial courses geared to extending alibéral éducation to mature persons. Reg-istrants ranged in âge from thirty to sev-enty years old. The two courses, each withtwelve bimonthly meetings, were "American Democracy in Peace and War" and asurvey course in the Humanities.Mandel Hall was taken over for armedforces meteorology classes, and 400 train-ees had moved into International House,swelling its residency to nearly double itspeacetime capacity of 520.A nurse's aide course was inaugurated,Nov. 16, at Billings Hospital, to help alle-viate the wartime nursing short âge.Dr. Léonard Falls, a prominent Negrophysician, spoke at the Reynolds Club,Nov. 19, on racial discrimination.Students rallied in Mandel Hall, Nov.17, in récognition of International Students' Day, organized to affirm the soli-darity of the university world against theforces of fascism and for culture and freespirit.International House observed its tenthanniversary since its présentation to theUniversity by John D. Rockefeller in1932.A Free India Committee was formed,Nov. 13, for students interested in support-ing India's fight for independence.John Crosby escorting Chloe Roth andEd Nelson escorting Janet Wagner led thegrand march at the Interfraternity Bail,held Nov. 20 at the Drake Hôtel.Dr. Oscar Hope Robertson of BillingsHospital reported the discovery of the use-fulness of the solvent, propyleneglycole,in germ-proofing air.Nicholas Rashevsky, Associate Professor of Mathematical Biophysics, reportedprogress in research in mathematical bi-ology, including predicting the rate andconditions of cell division.44An advertisement for Chicagochairs, with some little-known factson the birch tree, from theRoman Empire to the University. . .In the athletic contests of ancientRome, trophies of birch branches wereawarded to the victors, a practice whïchlater spread to récognition of achievement in other areas. I n time, the "f asces"—a bundle of birch rods, sometimeswith a protruding axe — became a sym-bol of authority, carried through thestreets on civic occasions by lictors,the sheriffs of their day.In the New World, the birch had beenused extensively by Indians, notablyfor wigwam pôles and the bark canoë.But the earliest settlers largely ignoredthe tree in favor of softer woods whichlent themselves more easily to construction in primitive circumstances.Woodsmen often were discouraged bythe labor needed to hew down a birch,especially when they felled a treewhose toughness had kept it uprightlong past its useful âge for lumber.Most observers, deceived by thebirch's graceful appearance, were un-aware of its great strength. JamesRussell Lowell called it "the most shyand ladylike of trees."The sap and leaves of the birch yieldan oil similar in fragrance to winter-green, and one of the tree's early useswas in the flavoring of a soft drinkknown as birch béer. As the characterof its wood became apparent, the birchbegan to be used in the manufacture ofProducts where durability was important: tool handles, wagon-wheel hubs, ox yokes, barrel hoops, wooden-ware. Challenging oak and hickory forstrength, and excelling them in beauty,birch soon came to be favored by themakers of sleighs and carriages. And,finally, cabinetmakers adopted thewood for the finest furniture.Some of the first railroad tracks werespiked to birch crossties. In the earlydays of the automobile, birch was usedby some coach makers for the mainframe and other structural members.During the métal shortages of WorldWar II the British used the wood in themanufacture of airplanes —especiallyin the well-known mosquito bomber,constructed almost entirely of birchplywood. Tennis rackets and skis arestill made of birch.Some years ago, the Alumni Association found a century-old New Englandfurniture manufacturer who continuesto employ hand craftsmanship in theproduction of early American birchchairs. The firm, S. Bent & Brothers ofGardner, Mass., is still operated bythird and fourth génération descendentsof its founders. H undreds of their piècesare now in the homes and offices ofalumni and —especially the sturdy arm-chairs— are found everywhere on campus, from the Présidents office to theQuadrangle Club.At least one United States Président,while in the White House, owned aBent & Brothers armchair, identical incolor, design, and construction to the model available through the AlumniAssociation.The designs for the Chicago chairsoriginated in colonial times and reachedtheir présent form in the period from1820 to 1850. The selected yellowbirch lumber cornes from New Brunswick, Canada, and from Vermont andNew Hampshire. Except for modern-day improvements in the adhesives andthe satin black finish, the chairs arefaithfully traditional.Identification with the University isachieved by a silk-screened goldChicago coat of arms on the backrest,complementing the antique gold détail stripings on the tumings. The armchair is available either with black ornatural cherry arms. Ail chairs areproduced on spécial order, requiring aminimum of four weeks for delivery,and are shipped express collect fromthe factory in Massachusetts.The University of ChicagoAlumni Association5733 University AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637Enclosed is my check for $ , payable toThe University of Chicago Alumni Association, for the following Chicago chair(s): Armchairs (cherry arms) at $42 each Armchairs (black arms) at $40 each Boston rockers at $35 each £ide chairs at $25 eachName_(please print)Address Order early to insure Christmas delivery!In the days when "inflated nomenclatureand shaky financing" were characteristicof America's higher éducationWilliam Rainey Harper,Hebraic scholar,and John D. Rockefeller,a cautious philanthropist,started a University in Chicagothat was unusual as well as new.HARPER'S UNIVERSITY:The Beginningsby Richard J. StorrThe story of an experiment inAmerican éducation that hasnever lost its freshness and fer-vor. This history of the beginnings of the University of Chicagoincludes a rich, un-retouched portrait of First Président Harper ;an unvarnished account of thefinançial doldrums, crises, and alarms of thèse difficult years.Written by Richard J. Storr,associate professor of AmericanHistory at the University ofChicago, this is an account of theémergence of the modem American university. 34 pages of photo-graphs, 416 pages.A 75th anniversary publication. A spécial price forUniversity of Chicagoalumni airti friends$7.50Regular price — $8.95UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESSDept. A.5750 Ellis AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637Please send copies of Harper' s University at the spécial price of $7.50. Check enclosed. Illinois résidents add5% sales tax.NAME.ADDRESS.CITY STATE .... ZIP CODE .