Robert S. Mulliken: 1966 Nobel Laureate in ChemistryThe University of ChicagomagazineVolume LIX Number 3December 1966Published since 1907 byTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATIONPhilip C. White, '35, PhD'38PresidentC. Ranlet LincolnDirector of Alumni AffairsConrad KulawasEditorTHE ALUMNI FUNDErrett Van Nice, '31ChairmanHarry ShollDirectorREGIONAL REPRESENTATIVESEastern Office39 West 55 StreetNew York, New York 10019(212) 757-1473Mrs. Edwin E. Vallon3600 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1510Los Angeles, California 90005(213) 387-2321(Mrs.) Marianne Nelson485 Pacific AvenueSan Francisco, California 94133(415) 433-4050The University of ChicagoAlumni Association5733 University AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637(312) 643-0800 ext. 4291.Annual SUbscriptions, $5.00.Second-class postage paid atChicago, Illinois.All rights reserved. Copyright 1966 byThe University of Chicago Magazine. ARTICLES2 Robert S. Mulliken: 1966 Nobel Laureateuc faculty member to receive 1966 Nobel Prize for Chemistry4 The Class of 1970A profile of the entering class and how it was selected8 The Present Revolution in Astronomys. ChandrasekharDEPARTMENTS14 Quadrangle News18 Sportshorts19 Quotes20 Profiles22 Club News24 Alumni News31 Memorials32 University CalendarThe University of Chicago Magazine is published monthly, October through June, by theAlumni Association for alumni and the University faculty. Editorial contributions are welcomed.Front Cover: Robert S. Mulliken, PhD'21, the Ernest DeWitt Burton Distinguished ServiceProfessor Emeritus in the Departments of Physics and Chemistry. Professor Mulliken is toreceive the 1966 Nobel Prize for chemistry (see page 2).Inside Front Cover: Mrs. George W. Beadle with entering students at an afternoon tea at IdaNoyes Hall, an orientation period event for women (story begins on page 4).Photography Credits: front cover and pages 3, 13,20-22, and bottom of 23 by The Universityof Chicago; inside front cover and pages 4-6 and 16 by Stan Karter; page 15 by the ChicagoSun-Times; and top of page 23 by Oliver Long. Reproductions of the early astronomical draw­ings on pages 8 and 10 courtesy of Special Collections, Harper Library.Robert S. Mulliken:1966 Nobel LaureateSo intense has been his concentration, so creative hisresearch, that he is known among scientists throughout theworld as Mr. Molecule. His long and productive career setsa standard for all scientists. I know that our faculty, students,alumni, and many friends join in saluting him." With thosewords, President George W. Beadle hailed Robert S. Mulli­ken's achievement: the 1966 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.The announcement of Professor Mulliken's award on No­vember 3 came within a month of the news of Dr. CharlesB. Huggins' Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology, andbrings the total of Nobel laureates associated with the Uni­versity to twenty-seven.Professor Mulliken, currently lecturing at Florida StateUniversity during his off-quarter from UC, reacted modestlyto the news of his award: "Naturally I am very pleased andgrateful to those who felt me worthy of this great honor. Myfamily also is very happy. I am only sorry that my father,who was an organic chemist and through whom J first becameacquainted with chemistry, is no longer alive. He and mymother would be proud and honored."The award will come as a much-needed inspiration tomany people who have been doing theoretical studies of acomprehensive nature but have not been receiving recogni­tion because the work does not seem glamorous."Professor Mulliken lives at 4800 Chicago Beach Drive, inChicago. Mrs. Mulliken, the former Mary Helen von Noe,said that their home is "a very modern apartment that we'vefurnished with 18th Century New England antiques." Mrs.Mulliken is working on a book about the scientists she hasknown through her husband during their 37 years of mar­riage: she describes it as "on the light side of a serious sub­ject." The Mullikens have two daughters: Lucia Maria,married to William W. McGrew, a Foreign Service Officerstationed in Athens; and Valerie, a sophomore at FloridaState University. "Valerie is good at chasing frogs," Profes­sor Mulliken said. "She's more interested in biology thanchemistry. "Robert Sanderson Mulliken was born in Newburyport,Massachusetts, on June 7, 1896. His father was a professorof. organic chemistry at Massachusetts Institute of Technol­ogy. As a child, Mulliken was interested in nature. He usedto read proofs of the books his father wrote, and he becameinterested in molecules in high school, where he first begandeveloping his theories.2 He received his SB from Massachusetts Institute of Tech­nology in 1917 and earned his PhD in physical chemistry atUC in 1921. Following advanced studies as a National Re­search Fellow and three years as an assistant professor ofphysics at New York University, he returned to UC in 1928as an associate professor of physics. He became full professorin 1931, and in 1956 he was named an Ernest DeWitt BurtonDistinguished Service Professor. Since 1961 he also has beena Professor of Chemistry.Among the many honors Professor Mulliken has receivedare an honorary DSc from Columbia University in 1939, anhonorary PhD from the University of Stockholm in 1960,and five major awards from the American Chemical Society.He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, theAmerican Philosophical Society, the American ChemicalSociety, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.He is a fellow of the American Physical Society and theAmerican Academy for the Advancement of Sciences andan Honorary Fellow of the London Chemical Society. He hasheld visiting professorships or lectureships at Cornell Uni­versity, Yale University, Amsterdam University, and St.John's College of Oxford University. He served as Directorof Editorial Work and Information for the Plutonium Projectat UC from 1942 to 1945, and he was scientific attache at theU. S. Embassy in London in 1955.The Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences, which makes theawards in accordance with the will of Alfred Nobel, said thatMulliken's work had opened the way for studies of moleculesotherwise "inaccessible to experiments, such as compoundsof importance for life processes." An Academy spokesmansaid that Mulliken's work could lead to new knowledge onproteins, enzymes, and viruses, on the study of compoundsdistant in space, and on computer calculations on the syn­thesis of new molecules.Professor Mulliken's formal citation said he had beenselected as the chemistry laureate because of his "funda­mental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronicstructure of molecules." His theories maintain that the con­figuration of the electron charges in a molecule are associatedwith the molecule as a whole, rather than with individualatoms. Thus a molecule becomes more than the sum of theatomic building-blocks of which it is constructed, whichpartially accounts for its unique chemical and physicalproperties. 03The Class of 1970SeventY-fiVe years ago about 750 young men and womenentered The University of Chicago. Roughly one-third wereundergraduates, and almost three quarters came from theMiddle West. In 1892 little thought was given to collectinginformation on the background and prior achievements ofthe University's first class, and, as a result, the above statisticsare about the only ones extant.The situation is much different for the University's Seventy­fifth Anniversary freshman class, the Class of 1970. It wasonce again the largest class in the postwar history of theUniversity, and it was once again chosen from the largestnumber of candidates. And once again Charles D. O'Connell,Director of University Admissions and Aid, pronounced it"the best ever.""To say this," O'Connell adds, "is not to imply that theClass of 1970 consists of better human beings than any otherclass. It is simply to say that the academic preparation of theClass of 1970 is superior to that of any preceding class forwhich we have records. Each year the overall statisticalcharacteristics of the entering class seem to be better thanthe year before. The major reason is simple: the country'ssecondary schools are getting better and better. Many ofthem are offering work today that was college-level work 20years ago."The Committee on Admissions, O'Connell insists, tries togo beyond statistics in selecting a class. It is also guided inits work by concern for the candidate as an individual, forhis needs, his achievements, and aspirations. In consideringa candidate, the Committee attempts to answer two basicquestions: What can Chicago contribute to this student-inother words, can he be happy and successful at Chicago?And what can he in turn contribute to Chicago-to his class­mates, to the College, to the life of the University? The best statistical criteria for determining the student's chances foracademic success are his school grades and his scores on theScholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). "But this would be true ofany college to which he might apply," O'Connell says. "Wehave many more candidates who meet this fairly simple testthan we can possibly admit. We are forced, therefore, to gobeyond this criterion and attempt to discover whether anyparticular candidate with the statistical qualifications forsuccess at Chicago is also a student who will be likely to beeffective in our particular academic environment. And forthat we must turn to less easily quantifiable criteria." It is atthis point, O'Connell says, that the Committee turns to thehigh school recommendation, the student's outside reading,his statement of intentions, his purposes in coming to Chi­cago, and the reflection of all of these in the interview report."The interview is the only personal contact the Universityhas with a candidate prior to his admission and arrival oncampus," O'Connell notes. "Most of the interviews are con­ducted by the admissions staff at Chicago or during visits toschools in various parts of the country, and by alumni volun­teers. Last year, alumni across the nation interviewed 17 percent of the applicants for the Class of '70. Some of ouralumni interviewers are, I suspect, better at the job than weare. They often are able to take more time and, because theyare usually familiar with the student's local background andhis school, they are more effective at drawing him out andgetting him to talk about his accomplishments and his hopes.The alumni are a tremendous help to us. We certainly wouldbe far less effective without them."We try to find out if the student really has definite intel­lectual orientations, or if he's just a 'grade-grubber.' Howflexible is he? Is he likely to respond well to increased com­petition, or tighten up? Does he have a sense of humor?Academic ability is not the only cause of success or failureat Chicago or elsewhere. Quite often happiness or misery isan underlying reason. We feel that we have some responsi­bility to treat each applicant as an individual, to try to assureourselves that he is not only bright but that he will fit intothe fairly abrasive and distinctly intellectually-oriented at­mosphere of the College-and at the same time be able torelax and have some fun. College, after all, should be a joy­ous experience, not a grim one."Elaborate steps are taken to ensure this. When an applica­tion is received, it is read by at least two volunteer facultymembers whose judgments are independent of each other.Robert C. Albrecht, Assistant Professor of English and Col­lege Humanities, has read applications for the past threeyears and will do so again this year. "I started reading appli­cations because I wanted to find out more about the studentswho come to Chicago, about their high school preparationand their interests. I begin with the SAT scores, high schoolgrades, and class rank. Then I try to find out what there isthat either supports or detracts from the importance of thesestatistical criteria. If one of them is low I want to know ifthere's something to offset it, something to indicate that,despite a low score, the candidate should probably be ad­mitted. We examine each case individually, and the moredoubt established about a case the more carefully it's read."Albrecht notes the example of students born abroad whohave come to the United States late enough for English to bea foreign language to them. "Here we often see lower thanusual high school grades and SAT scores, and these aresometimes the result of a deficient English background.Hence we look at what point the student began to learnEnglish. If we find that the candidate is bright and has a goodchance Of being able to do the work here, we often recom- Above: New students listening to an informal address by Mrs. Georgew. Beadle, at a special orientation assembly for entering women.Below: Members of the new class enjoying an impromptu game oftouch football, at an orientation-period picnic held at the lakefront.mend admission despite relatively low SAT scores and highschool grades."Another example relates to students from small or ruralschools, where the range of courses offered does not equalthat of many suburban and big city high schools. Now in itsseventh year, the University's Small School Talent Searchseeks out students who, in spite of deficient preparation,show genuine promise and the ability to meet Chicago'sintellectual demands. As Albrecht points out, "Some col­leges have recently set definite quotas of high-risk cases theywill admit. We have no such policy at Chicago, but, in effect,we have for years been admitting interesting students who. are on paper, at least, risks. We're interested in getting stu­dents who can succeed, and we will do it whether there's riskinvolved or not."When all applications have been read, they go to the Adrnis- sions Committee where the final decisions are made. Oftenthe cases are reread before being put to a vote. Thus, eventu­ally, each case is voted on by about eight persons, including,the two original faculty readers who endorsed the applica­tion. "In terms of time," Albrecht says, "it's probably a veryexpensive process. But it's also an honest system and veryfair. "Besides the usual battery of placement tests and confer­ences with advisers, this year's two-week orientation periodtreated the entering class to a variety of campus and citytours and cultural events, including two evenings at thetheater and a Chicago Symphony concert. After the orienta­tion period, the 86 freshmen whose parents are alumni wereinvited to an Association-sponsored performance of Tennes­see Williams' one-act play, "I Can't Imagine Tomorrow,"presented by University Theatre.Mrs. George W. Beadle and new students at a ladies' tea, held at Ida Noyes Hall during the orientation period.6One of the traditions of the orientation period is a briefwelcoming address by a representative of the AdmissionsOffice, who opens the orientation proceedings by telling thefreshmen about themselves. This year, Margaret E. Perry,Associate Director of Admissions, spoke to the new students:As of this morning we think there are 709 freshmen. Anadditional 70 other perceptive individuals have transferredto the College after a year or two of undergraduate workelsewhere. Until three days ago we had expected 710 fresh­men, but one young man withdrew to enter a monastery. Hehas offered to pray for the rest of you.In the entering class there are 419 men and 290 fortunateyoung ladies. I need not comment further on the significanceof these figures.You come to Chicago from 558 secondary schools in theUnited States and abroad. The schools range in size of seniorclass from nine to over 2000. Approximately one-fourth ofthe class comes from Illinois; the remaining students repre­sent forty-four states and six foreign countries. The firsttwelve states in their order of representation are Illinois,New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, NewJersey, Oregon, California, Montana, Ohio, Minnesota, andWisconsin.Eighty-eight freshmen were admitted last October underthe Early Decision plan. Fifteen are early entrants; that is,they were admitted before completing a full high school pro­gram. Fifty-three are representatives of schools from thir­teen states in the Small School Talent Search.While all of you presented acceptable high school records,581 of you ended your senior year in the top ten percent ofyour class.For the Scholastic Aptitude Test, we discovered the meanScore on the verbal part to be 664 of a possible 800, ninepoints higher than for the Class of 1969; and the mathe­matical part is 665, in contrast with 670 for last year's group.Once your records were presented to us for consideration,We found it possible to award ninety-two honors at entrancefor the quality of high school preparation. Fifteen have beendesignated University Scholars, the highest honor to bebestowed by the University on entering freshmen. Three hundred and ninety-one are receiving financial aidfrom sources other than parents. Among these are giftawards from University funds averaging $1310. It is thepolicy of the University that any student admitted to theCollege who needs financial assistance to attend, will receivethat assistance.The extracurricular activities of the 709 freshmen also showstrength and variety: 53 were class presidents; 145 werevarsity debaters; 215 served on their school papers; 74served on their school literary magazines; 164 of the menparticipated in at least one sport on the varsity level; 176were members of dramatic groups; and 248 were membersof orchestras and bands.You do not need other facts in order to support what weall believe : You are prepared to undertake the demandingwork of the College and to become contributing members ofthe University community.I should like to be realistic now and suggest you think ofyourselves as University students in the immediate presentand in the months ahead. All of the honors awarded youby your school and community are a part of the pleasantremembrances of the past. Now, regardless of the quantityand quality of your individual awards, all of you are startingout here in exactly the same way. Your instructors in theCollege will not know of your past honors; they will notknow the quality of your school records, but they will assessyour attitude toward higher education and the care and inter­est you take in your work in the days ahead.The strength of a university rests in the educational pro­ductivity of its students, in the value of its programs of study,and in the accomplishments of its faculty and alumni. Youwere admitted because all of us believe that you possess thosequalities which will enable you to take advantage of whatyou are inheriting in becoming a member of the Universitycommunity, and that you have the dedication and courage tocontinue the University's traditions of intellectual attainment.All of us who are members of the University community­students, faculty, administrators-extend the wish that theeducation you receive here will shake you, that it will disturband enthrall you. We could wish also that it would enableyou to live wisely in these turbulent, critical, and dangeroustimes. In the same spirit, we should like to have you recog­nize that these are also times of wonder, discovery, vision,and great hope. D7The Present Revolution in Astronomys. Chandrasekhar.•i••••••••••••••..••i•••••••Ij8 My topic is "The Present Revolution in Astronomy."And when I say revolution I mean more than that astronomyis at present advancing on many fronts at an unprecedentedrate. That it is certainly doing; but I am attaching to theword "revolution" a different meaning. In astronomy, revo­lutions, in the sense I am using that word, have occurredwhenever certain questions one may raise that have ap­peared meaningless or fanciful suddenly acquire meaningand significance. Let me illustrate this aspect of the matterwith respect to the two great revolutions in astronomy thathave occurred in the past.We are all familiar with the Copernican revolution. It wasa revolution in a much wider sense than the one I have inmind since it struck at man's cherished egoistic belief thatthe earth was the center of the universe. But on a scientificlevel what it accomplished was the substitution of a simplerand a more harmonious system for the very complexgeometrical method that the Greeks had introduced fordescribing the motions of the moon and of the planets. ForCopernicus the fact that the planets revolved in circles aboutthe sun was so natural and so elementary that no explanationwas necessary. On this account, I should rather date the realscientific revolution that followed to a period subsequent toGalileo and coincident with the publication of Newton'sPrincipia. Let me explain.Galileo had formulated the elementary laws of mechanicsgoverning the motions of bodies as they occur on the' earth;and the laws he formulated were based on his studies of themotions of projectiles, of falling bodies, and of pendulums.And Galileo had, of course, confirmed the Copernican doc­trine by observing the motions of the satellites of Jupiterwith his telescope. But the question whether a set of lawscould be formulated which governed equally the motions ofS. Chandrasekhar is the Morton D. Hull DistinguishedService Professor in the Departments of Astronomy andPhysics and in the Enrico Fermi Institute for NuclearStudies. He also is Managing Editor of the AstrophysicalJournal and the author of several books. He has receivednumerous honors for distinguished contributions to astron­omy and astrophysics, including the Royal Medal of theRoyal Society. This article is the text of his "MondayLecture" on May 16, 1966, part of a series sponsored bythe University's Extension Division.all bodies, whether they be of stones thrown on the earth orof planets in their motions about the sun, did not occur toGqlileo or his contemporaries. Indeed, the question did notappear a meaningful one to raise. That the question mustbe raised and answered in the affirmative and that nature'slaws must have universal applicability was the supremeinspiration which came to Newton as he saw the apple fall.The falling apple triggered in Newton's mind the followingtrain of thought:All over the earth objects are attracted towards the centerof the earth. How far does this tendency go? Can it reachas far as the moon? Galileo had already shown that a stateof uniform motion is as natural as a state of rest and thatdeviations from uniform motion must imply force. If thenthe moon were relieved of all forces, it would leave its cir­cular orbit about the earth and go off along the instantaneoustangent to the orbit. Consequently, so argued Newton, ifthe motion of the moon is due to the attraction of the earth,then what the attraction really does is to draw the motionout of the tangent and into the orbit. As Newton knew theperiod and the distance of the moon, he could compute howmuch the moon falls away from the tangent in one second.Comparing this result with the speed of falling bodies, New­ton found the ratio of the two speeds to be about 1 to 3600.And as the moon is sixty times farther from the center ofthe earth than we are, Newton concluded that the attractiveforce due to the earth decreases as the square of the distance.The question then arose: If the earth can be the center ofsuch an attractive force, then does a similar force reside inthe sun, and is that force in turn responsible for the motionsof the planets about the sun? Newton immediately saw that ifone supposed that the sun had an attractive property similarto the earth, then Kepler's laws of planetary motion becomeexplicable at once. On these grounds, Newton formulatedhis law of gravitation with lofty grandeur. He stated: "Everyparticle in the universe attracts every other particle in theuniverse with a force directly as the product of the massesof the two particles and inversely as the square of their dis­tance apart." Notice that Newton was not content in sayingthat the sun attracts the planets according to his law and thatthe earth also attracts the particles in its neighborhood in asimilar manner. Instead with sweeping generality he assertedthat the property of gravitational attraction must be sharedby all matter and that his law has universal validity. During the eighteenth century, the ramifications of New­ton's Jaws for all manner of details of planetary motions wereinvestigated and explored. But whether the validity of New­ton's laws could be extended beyond the solar system wasconsidered doubtful by many: indeed, even the question didnot appear meaningful. However, in 1803 William Herschelwas able to announce from his study of close pairs of starsthat in some instances the pairs represented real physicalbinaries revolving in orbits about each other. Herschel'sobservations further established that the apparent orbitswere ellipses and that Kepler's second law of planetary mo­tion, that equal areas are described in equal times, was alsovalid. The applicability of Newton's laws of gravitation tothe distant stars was thus established. The question whethera uniform set of laws could be formulated for all matter inthe universe, a question which had appeared meaningless atthe time immediately preceding Newton, became at last anestablished tenet of science.Let me consider the second great revolution in astron­omy, which occurred during the middle of the last century,by stating first the question which was considered meaning­less prior to that time.During the eighteenth century the idealist philosopherBishop Berkeley claimed that the sun, the moon, and thestars are but so many sensations in our mind and that it wouldbe meaningless to inquire, for example, as to the compositionof the stars. And it was an oft-quoted statement of AugusteCompte, a positivist philosopher influential during the earlypart of the nineteenth century, that it is in the nature of thingsthat we shall never know what the stars are made of. Andyet that very question became meaningful and the center ofastronomical interest very soon afterwards. Let me tell thisstory very briefly.You are familiar with Newton's demonstration of the char­acter of white light by allowing sunlight to pass through apinhole and letting the pencil of light so isolated fall on theface of a prism. The pencil of light was dispersed by theprism into its constituent rainbow colors. In 1802 it occurredto an English physicist, William Wollaston, to substitute theround hole, used by Newton and his successors to admit thelight to be examined with the prism, with an elongated9crevice (or slit as we would now say) 1/20th of an inch inwidth. Wollaston noticed that the spectrum thus formed,of light "purified" (as he stated) by the abolition of over­lapping images, was traversed by seven dark lines. TheseWollaston took to be the natural boundaries of the variouscolors. Satisfied with this. quasi-explanation, he allowed thesubject to drop. The subject was independently taken up in1814 by the great Munich optician Fraunhofer. In the courseof experiments on light, directed towards the perfecting ofhis achromatic lenses, Fraunhofer, by means of a slit and atelescope, made the surprising discovery that the solar spec­trum is crossed not by seven lines but by thousands ofobscure streaks. He counted some six hundred and carefullymapped over three hundred of them; and he further set upas "landmarks" a few of the most conspicuous by affixing tothem the letters of the alphabet-the D-lines, the H- and K­lines, and so forth-by which they have continued to beknown. Nor did Fraunhofer stop there. He applied the sys­tem of examination to other stars, including Sirius, Castorand Pollux, Capella, Betelgeuse, and Procyon. The spectraof these stars, while they differ in details from that of thesun, are similar to it in that they are also traversed by darklines.The explanation of these dark lines of Fraunhofer wassought widely and earnestly. But convincing evidence as totheir true nature came only in the fall of 1859 when thegreat German physicist Kirchhoff formulated his laws ofradiation. His laws in this context consist of two parts. Thefirst part states that each substance emits radiations charac­teristic of itself and only of itself. And the second part statesthat if radiation from a higher temperature traverses a gasat a lower temperature, glowing with its own characteristicradiations, then in the light which is transmitted the charac­teristic radiations of the glowing gas will appear as dark linesin a bright background. It is clear that in these two proposi­tions we have the basis for a chemical analysis of theatmospheres of the sun and the stars. By comparisons withthe spectral emissions produced by terrestrial substances,Kirchhoff was able to identify the presence of sodium, iron,magnesium, calcium, and a host of other elements in theatmosphere of the sun. The questionwhich had been consid­ered as meaningless only a few years earlier had acquiredmeaning. The modern age of astrophysics began with Kirch­hoff and continues to the present.10 N ow I come to the present revolution in astronomy.What are the questions, then, which have appeared mean­ingless and fanciful until recently and which have now be­come meaningful and significant? The question is: How didit all begin? More explicitly: Was there a natural beginningto the present order of the astronomical universe? Stated inthis manner it is not even clear that the question is a properscientific one: for one might suppose that in all aspects thepresent astronomical universe has always been; or, follow­ing Compte, we might say that it is in the nature of thingsthat we shall never know how or when the universe began.A related question is: If the astronomical universe did havea beginning, then are we entitled to suppose that the lawsof nature have remained unchanged? The two questions areclearly related.Let me take the second question first. Have the laws ofnature remained the same? Can the universality of nature'slaws implied by Newton in his formulation of the laws ofgravitation, be extended to all time in a changing universe?It is clear that over limited periods of time the laws ofnature can be assumed not to have changed. After all, themotions of planets have been followed accurately over thepast three centuries-and less accurately over all historicaltimes-and all we know about planetary motions has beenaccounted for with great precision with the same Newtonianlaws and with the same value for the constant of gravitation.Moreover, the physical properties of the Milky Way systemhave been studied over most of its extent-and its extent is30,000 light years. It can be asserted that the laws of atomicphysics have not changed measurably during a period of thisextent. And on the earth geological strata have been datedfor times which go back several hundreds of millions ofyears. In particular the dating of these strata by the radio­active content of the minerals they contain assumes that thelaws of physics have not changed over these long periods.But if during these times the astronomical universe in itsbroad aspects has not changed appreciably, then the assump­tion that the laws have not changed appreciably during theseperiods would appear to be a natural one. The questions thatI have formulated, to have a meaning, must be predicatedon the supposition that there is a time scale on which theuniverse is changing its aspect. And if such a time scaleexists, the first question is: What is it?That a time scale characteristic of the universe at largeexists was first suggested by the discoveries of Hubble in theearly twenties. There are two parts to Hubble's discoveries.The first part relates to what may be considered as the funda­mental units or constituents of the universe. It emergedunequivocally from Hubble's studies that the fundamentalunits are the galaxies of which our own Milky Way system isone. Galaxies occur in a wide variety of shapes and forms.The majority exhibit extraordinary organization and pattern;but some are almost bizarre in their irregularity.To fix ideas, let me say that a galaxy contains some tenbillion or more stars; its dimension can be measured inthousands of light years: our own galaxy has a radius of30,000 light years. Further, the distance between galaxies isabout 50 to 100 times their dimensions.The second part to Hubble's discovery is that beyond theimmediate neighborhood of our own Milky Way system, thegalaxies appear to be receding from us with a velocity in- creasing linearly with the distance. In other words, all thegalaxies appear to be running away from us as though, asEddington once said, "we were the plague spot of the uni­verse." Hubble's law that galaxies recede from us with avelocity proportional to the distance was deduced from anexamination of their spectra. Precisely, it appears from anexamination of these spectra that the wavelengths of therecognizable spectral lines, i.e., lines attributable to knownatoms, are all systematically shifted to longer wavelengthscompared to the wavelengths of the light emitted by the sameatoms in a terrestrial source. Now it is known that such asystematic shift in wavelength can be caused by a motion ofthe source away from or towards the observer; and it isfurther known that the shift in wavelength caused by suchmotions is proportional to the velocity measured in units ofthe velocity of light.If Ag is the wavelength of a . line measured in the spectrumof the galaxy and Ao is the wavelength of the same line asmeasured from a laboratory source then (Ag-Ao) / Ao r--.J (v / c)where v denotes the velocity of recession of the source andc is the velocity of light. This formula is applicable only solong as v / c is small. (The shift is to longer wavelengths ifthe source is receding, while it is to the shorter wavelengthsif the source is approaching.)Since the velocity of light is very large compared to veloci­ties that normally occur, it is clear that the fractional changesin wavelengths will be small even for velocities which mayappear considerable. Thus a velocity of recession of 30,000km/sec is only a tenth of the velocity of light; and this wasabout the maximum velocity that was measured by Hubblein deriving his law.Now suppose that we take Hubble's law literally. Then itfollows that a galaxy which is twice as far as another will bereceding with a velocity twice that of the nearer one. Accord­ingly, if we could extrapolate backwards, then both galaxieswould have been on top of us at a past epoch. More generally,we may conclude that if Hubble's relation is a strict mathe­matical one, then all the galaxies constituting the astronom­ical universe should have been together at a common pointat a past calculable epoch. Whether or not we are willing toextrapolate Hubble's law backward in this literal fashion, itis clear that the past epoch calculated in the manner I haveindicated does provide a scale of time in which the universemust have changed substantially. Current analysis of the11observations suggests that the scale of time so deduced isabout seventy billion years.With the time scale established, the questions I statedearlier can be rephrased as follows: Have the laws of naturebeen constant over periods as long as say thirty or forty bil­lion years? And, what indeed was the universe like seventybillion years ago? Are these questions meaningful? Clearlyfor them to have meaning it is not sufficient that only objectswith the small redshifts observed by Hubble are available.We should be able to observe objects which show consider­ably larger shifts; and for such objects the shift in wavelengthand its interpretation in terms of velocity is not meaningfulsince no physical velocity can exceed the velocity of light.We therefore simply consider the ratio (Ag/ Ao). Advancesin astronomy during the past years have provided objects forwhich this ratio has values exceeding three. To avoid misun­derstanding, I should emphasize again that when dealingwith such large shifts it is not permissible to interpret (Ag-Ao) /Ao in terms of a velocity. Without necessarily com­mitting ourselves, we may for convenience discuss thesematters in terms of a certain picture which general relativityprovides.This is clearly not the place, nor is there time, to digressand describe the content of Einstein's general theory of rela­tivity. Suffice it then to say that Einstein's theory is a morecomprehensive theory of gravitation than Newton's. How­ever, when Einstein's theory is applied to the motions ofplanets it predicts only very minute departures from theNewtonian predictions; and as far as we can tell these minutedepartures have been detected and found to be in excellentagreement with the predictions of Einstein's theory. How­ever, when Einstein's theory is applied to the universe atlarge it predicts truly remarkable consequences. For ex­ample, it is a proposition of great generality established lastyear by a young English mathematician, Roger Penrose,that the astronomical universe must either have originatedin a true singularity, end in one, or both. By a singularity inthis connection I mean the state of affairs I described earlierthat would result, for example, from a literal mathematicalextrapolation backward of Hubble's law; a state of affairs,in fact, in which the limits of the laws, of physics as currentlyunderstood will be strained to the extreme. But apart fromthis prediction that the universe which exhibits expansionmust have originated in a singularity, the theory shows that12 at each instant the universe is described by a scale of distanceR which we may call the radius of the universe: at a givenepoch it is the furthest distance from which a light signal canreach us. This radius R varies with time; and it is an exactformula of the theory that (Ag/Ao) = (Ro/Rg), where R,( = 1028 em = 1010 . light years) is the present radius of theuniverse and R, was the radius of the universe at the timethe radiation left the galaxy and now received by us. That isto say that the ratio of the wavelengths of an identified line inthe galaxy to the wavelengths of the same source here andnow is the same as the ratio of the radius of the universe nowand as it was then.I said earlier that some newly discovered objects-the so­called quasi-stellar radio sources-provide objects whichshow ratios Ag/ AD exceeding three. In fact three such objectsare known. The fact that all the identifiable spectral linesin these objects are shifted by a factor of about three meansthat the radius of the universe at the time light left theseobjects was three times smaller and the density was sometwenty-seven times greater than they are now. And a carefulanalysis of the spectrum shows that during this span of timeat any rate the laws of atomic physics have not changed toany measurable extent. To have been able to see back intime when the density of the universe was thirty times whatit is now is, of course, a considerable advance, and it mayconfidently be expected that before long objects with red­shift factors of ten or more will be found. But even then theratio of the densities will have increased only by a thousand__:a_ considerable ratio, but very far from what it would havebeen if we take the relativistic picture and go further backin time when the radius of the universe was say ten billiontimes smaller, not merely three times or a thousand timessmaller. Does it appear that this extrapolation is meaninglessand fanciful? Penrose's theorem, which I quoted earlier,gives a theoretical meaning to such a question since a stateof affairs attained by such extrapolation is predicted as aninitial state for our present universe by general relativity.In other words, the question is meaningful, and one canreasonably ask: Is there anything we can observe now thatcan be considered as the residue or the remnant of that initialsingular past? But to answer this question we must take therelativistic picture seriously and determine what it has to sayabout that remote past. Such a determination has been madeby Robert Dicke and his associates at Princeton.Dicke calculated that at the time the radius of the universewas 1010 times smaller, the temperature should have beensome ten billion degrees-in other words a veritable fireball.And as the universe expanded, radiation of this very hightemperature, which would have filled the universe at thattime, would be reduced. For example, its temperature wouldhave fallen to ten thousand degrees after the first ten millionyears. As the universe continues to expand beyond this pointthe radiation will cool adiabatically, i.e., in the same manneras gas in a chamber will cool if it is suddenly expanded. AndDicke concludes that the radiation from the original fireballS. Chandrasekhar must now fill the universe uniformly, but that its temperaturemust be very low-in fact, 3 ° Kelvin, a temperature that isattainable in the laboratory only by liquefying helium. Howcan we detect this low-temperature radiation?Now radiation of a given temperature (T degrees Kelvin)has a characteristic distribution over wavelengths; and thewavelength at which the maximum intensity occurs is givenby the simple formula Amax = 0.29 cm/T.If we put T = 6000° -a temperature appropriate for thesun-in this formula we find that the maximum intensity shouldoccur in the wavelengths appropriatefor visible.light, whichis indeed the case. But if we put T = 3 OK, then Amax = 0.1em. Radiation of this temperature is therefore in the formof radio waves. It is a fortunate circumstance that no otherknown astronomical source will contribute significantly toradiation in these wavelengths. And so a search for a back­ground radiation in this wavelength region is called for.Just about a year ago two physicists, Penzias and Wilson,working at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, detected anirreducible background radiation at 7.35 em. And in Januaryof this year, Roll and Wilkinson, two of Dicke's associates atPrinceton, detected radiation at a wavelength 3.2 em. It isfound that the measured intensities of the radiations at thesetwo wavelengths is in agreement with what is to be expectedfrom the hypothesis that the radiations at these wavelengthsare what is left of the original fireball. I should also state atthis point that some as yet unpublished work by Dicke andhis associates appears to have further established the iso­tropy of this radiation-as indeed must be expected if itspresent conjectured origin is true. And finally, just duringthe last two weeks it has been pointed out by several astrono­mers that certain features of the spectrum of the cyanogenmolecule, known to be present in interstellar space-featureswhich have puzzled astronomers for some two decades­become explicable in terms of an all-pervading cosmic black­body radiation at 3 ° K.The observations on the quasi-stellar radio sources andmore particularly the cosmic low temperature black-bodyradiation have made the question "How did it all begin?"meaningful and significant. Even three years ago the questionwould have bordered on the frivolous. The fact that it is notso, the fact that the question has a serious scientific content,these facts provide a measure of the revolutionary characterof astronomy today. 013Quadrangle NewsCampaign Tops $68,000,000 - GaylordDonnelley, Trustee and National Chairmanof the Campaign for Chicago, announcedthat, as of October 31, $68,706,556 in giftsand pledges have been received. Theamount is 42.9 percent of the Campaign'sthree-year goal and includes over $8,000,-000 in gifts and bequests by alumni.At a special Trustee meeting in October,marking the first anniversary of the an­nouncement of the Campaign, Mr. Don­nelley said: "The targets of the Campaignfor Chicago are the highest in Americaneducation. As we observe the first anni­versary of this historic effort, I am gratifiedto report that thousands of individuals,scores of corporations, and many founda­tions have made contributions toward theUniversity's support. It has been an impres­sive beginning."Richard F. O'Brien, Vice President forPlanning and Development, said: "Ouralumni are neither as numerous nor aswealthy as those of some larger and olderschools, yet they have-without specialsolicitation-already responded mag­riificently.New Strep Vaccine-At the Scientific Ses­sions of the American Heart Associationin New York City, a team of University ofChicago scientists recently described a newvaccine which may help fight rheumaticfever. The vaccine is designed to preventstreptococcus infections-which frequentlylead to rheumatic fever, one of the mostserious and widely occurring disablingdiseases of childhood. The kidney diseaseglomerulonephritis also is a frequent resultof untreated streptococcus infections, inadults as well as children, and may lead toloss of kidney function.The new vaccine is prepared by purifyinga protein, called the "M protein," from thecell wall of the streptococci which causethe infections. The human body respondsto the vaccine by producing antibodieswhich later attack the M protein in thecell walls of invading streptococci. 'Thevaccine has been found to be safe andeffective in extensive tests with mice, rab-14 bits, and guinea pigs. In tests on nearlyfifty adults, it has led to no serious reac­tions and has greatly increased the levelsof antibodies res is ting streptococcusorganisms.The report was presented by Eugene N.Fox, Associate Professor at the La Rabida/University of Chicago Institute and in theDepartment of Microbiology. Collabora­tors with Fox were Dr. Albert Dorfman,'36, PhD'39, MD'44, Director of the LaRabida / University of Chicago Institute,Chairman of the Department of Pediatrics,and Director of the Wyler Children's Hos­pital, and Mrs. M. K. Wittner, ResearchTechnologist at La Rabida.The research project was supported inpart by the Chicago Heart Association andthe Morris Fishbein, r-. Fund.Early Music Concert-On November 4 theEarly Music Quartet presented a concertin Mandel Hall of vocal and instrumentalworks from the Middle Ages and theRenaissance. Members of the Quartet areWillard Cobb, Sterling Jones, Andrea VonRamm, and Thomas Binkley, director ofthe ensemble. Much of the music had tobe reconstructed from a complex set ofsymbols without indication of pitch, frommanuscripts without staff lines. Instrumentsused by the ensemble include the vieIIe,rebec, viol, Moorish guitar, citole, lute,recorder, crumhorn, rauschpfeife, kortholt,sackbut, organetto, tambourine, and bells.Nobel Laureates and UC-Through theyears, twenty-seven winners of NobelPrizes have been associated with The Uni­versity of Chicago, either. as students,teachers, or researchers. These scientistsreceived Nobel Prizes while members ofthe faculty of The University of Chicago:Albert Abraham Michelson (1907, phys­ics); Arthur Holly Compton (1927,physics, with Charles Wilson); Charles B.Huggins (1966, medicine and physiology,with Peyton Rous); Robert S. Mulliken( 1966, chemistry).These laureates were honored for workdone at the University but after appoint­ments elsewhete: Alexis Carrel ( 1912, medicine); Robert A. Millikan (1923,physics); Willard F. Libby (1960, chem­istry); Maria Goeppert Mayer (1963,physics, with J. Hans D. Jensen).These N obellaureates were once studentsat the University: Clinton Joseph Davisson,'08 (1937, physics, with George PagetThomson); Ernest Orlando Lawrence(1939, physics); Chen Ning Yang, PhD'48, and Tsung Dan Lee, PhD'50 (1957,physics); Edward Lawrie Tatum (1958,medicine and physiology, with George W.Beadle); Owen Chamberlain,' PhD'49(1959, physics, with Emilio Segre); JamesDewey Watson, '46, SB'47 (1962, medi­cine and physiology). Arthur H. Comptonand Robert S. Mulliken also were oncestudents at the University.These scientists received Nobel Prizesprior to their appointment at The Univer­sity of Chicago : James Franck ( 1925,physics, with Gustav Hertz); Harold Clay­ton Urey (1934, chemistry) ; Enrico Fermi(1938, physics); George W. Beadle, Presi­dent of the University (1958, medicine andphysiology, with Edward L. Tatum).These scientists taught or did research atThe University of Chicago at some point intheir careers before receiving the NobelPrize: Werner Heisenberg (1932, physics);Edward A. Doisy (1943, medicine, withHenrik Dam); Herman 1. Muller (1946,medicine and physiology); Glenn T. Sea­borg (1951, chemistry, with Edwin M.McMillan); Eugene Paul Wigner (1963,physics); Kark Ziegler (1963, chemistry,with Giuolo Natta); Konrad Emil Bloch( 1964, medicine and physiology, with Feo­dor Lynen); "Julian S. Schwinger (1965,physics, with Richard P. Feynman andShinichiro Tomonaga).Ruml Policy Colloquia-In a continuingeffort to encourage public discussion at theUniversity, the Beardsley Ruml Colloquiaprogram was recently established to serveas a forum for faculty-student views onmajor social issues. The seminars honor thelate Mr. Ruml, PhD'!7, a professor at theUniversity and a leader in the Americanbusiness community. D. Gale Johnson,Dean of the Division of the Social Sciencesand Professor of Economics, was appointedchairman of the committee that will directthe Ruml Colloquia program. Dean John­son said he hoped that a colloquium wouldbe held each quarter on a major policyproblem confronting the American people.Viet N am, civil rights, the world foodshortage- "these are the kinds of subjectswhich will concern the Colloquia," John­son said.In announcing the Colloquia, PresidentGeorge W. Beadle said: "Beardsley Rumlwas a man of ideas, noted for stimulatingcreative thought. His was a provocativemind which inspired others. It is fitting,therefore, that the University which heserved so well should establish a livingmemorial for a man who made such animpact on social and political thought incontemporary America."Members of the faculty committee whichwill work with Dean Johnson in planningthe seminars are: Allison Davis, Professorof Education; Arcadius Kahan, Professorof Economics and History; Donald N.Levine, Associate Professor of Sociologyand Social Sciences and Master of the So­cial Sciences Collegiate Division; ArthurMann, Professor of History; Milton J.Rosenberg, Professor of Psychology; Her­bert J. Storing, Associate Professor ofPolitical Science; and Roger W. Weiss,Assistant Professor of Social Sciences.Monetary Conference- Thirty-four promi­nent authorities on gold flow and interna­tional trade from the United States,Europe, and Asia met at the Center forContinuing Education September 22-25to participate in the Chicago Conferenceon International Monetary Problems. Theconference was organized by Robert A.Mundell, Professor of Economics, and wassponsored by the Norman Wait HarrisFund, established in 1923 to conduct ses­sions for the study of international rela­tions. Valery Giscard d'Estaing, memberof the French Chamber of Deputies andformer French Minister of Finance, wasthe opening speaker for the conference. The Laird Bell Quadrangle-In a dedica­tion ceremony on October 12 the LawQuadrangle of the University was namedin memory of the late Laird Bell, a promi­nent Chicago attorney and civic leader andfor 36 years a Trustee of the University.Principal speaker at the ceremony wasformer Chancellor Robert Maynard Hut­chins, a devoted friend of Mr. Bell.Hutchins became Chancellor of the Uni­versity in 1929, the same year that Mr. Bellbecame a Trustee. During the ceremony aportrait of Mr. Bell and an inscriptionreading "Laird Bell Quadrangle, The LawSchool, The University of Chicago" wereunveiled. Other speakers included Glen A.Lloyd, Mr. Bell's law partner and a LifeTrustee and former Chairman of the Boardof Trustees; President George W. Beadle;Provost Edward H. Levi, former Dean ofthe Law School; and Phil C. Neal, Dean ofthe Law School, who presided at theceremony.Mr. Bell received his JD from the Uni- Above: At the dedication, Glen A. Lloyd, aLife Trustee and former Chairman of theBoard of Trustees of the University, unveilsa portrait of Laird Bell, his former law partner.versity in 1907 and was admitted to theIllinois Bar in the same year. He wasChairman of the Board of Trustees from1949 to 1953, and in 1953 received anhonorary Doctor of Laws Degree fromthe University. Mr. Bell was a director ofseveral corporations and had served innumerous governmental and civic posi­tions. Active in furthering higher educationthroughout his career, he was also Chair­man of the Board of Trustees of CarletonCollege from 1943 to 1955, and a memberof the Board of Overseers of Harvard Col­lege from 1948 to 1954.Mr. Hutchins said: "Prospective leadersof the profession he honored, studying inthe institution he loved, will. be remindedas they walk through these quadrangles ofthe things he stood for. Let us invoke hisspirit to guide them as they go."15At the panel discussion on international affairs: (from left) Aristide Zolberg; Ambassador Charles Lucet; Leonard Binder; Duncan MacRae.French Diplomat Speaks-Charles Lucet,French Ambassador to the United States,spoke on his nation's position on worldproblems at the Law School on October11, where he was the guest of The Univer­sity of Chicago Center for Policy Study.A reception and dinner co-sponsored bythe Center and the Chicago Council onForeign Relations followed his talk. Afterdinner the ambassador participated in apanel discussion on international affairswith Leonard Binder, Associate Professorand Chairman of the Department of Politi­cal Science, Duncan MacRae, Professor' ofPolitical Science, and Aristide Zolberg,16 Assistant Professor of Political Science andDirector of the Center for the ComparativeStudy of Political Development.M. Lucet, a career diplomat, was namedAmbassador to the United States on Octo­ber 7, 1965.Ambassador Lucet said: "France, havingemerged from the trying war and postwaryears, has regained her prosperity and thepossibility of directing her own. destiny."He said that many things have changed inthe East and in the West, and that many ofFrance's European friends now realize that"the time has come to think of a newEurope, built by the common efforts of the countries of East and West, which in noway excludes an entente with the Ameri­cans." While the threat of war in Asia isvery real, Europe is "no longer on the mor­row of the Prague coup, when war appearedprobable. We aspire to return to peacewhere it is currently being troubled." Heconcluded by stating that America alone,due to its great power and liberal traditions,cart initiate peace overtures. "May thatpeace that is taking shape in Europe beconfirmed and spread throughout the en­tire world," he said. "With the franknessthat two centuries of alliance and friend­ship allow us, we share with you this hope."Dissertation Fellowships-Three Univer­sity alumnae and three graduate studentshave received Dissertation Fellowshipsfrom the Woodrow Wilson National Fel­lowship Foundation. The three alumnaeare Miss Virginia Lee Davis, Mrs. CarolSimpson Stern, and Miss Sarah SusanStaves, all of the class of '63. The threegraduate students 'are Mrs. Ann ParkerParelius, Sociology, Mrs. Amy GlassnerGordon, History, and Mrs. Carolyn W.Nelson, English. The fellowships areawarded after a jury of specialists in thecandidate's field reviews all theses pro­posals and the candidate's records. Selec­tion committees make awards on the basisof the best proposals presented by the mosthighly qualified candidates in each groupunder review. The Woodrow Wilson Fel­lowship Foundation operates under grantsfrom the Ford Foundation, and has as itsaim the encouragement and support ofpotential college teachers.Middle East Conference-Two dozenscholars and authorities on the Middle Eastfrom universities in the United States andseveral European and Middle Eastern na­tions met at the University's Center forContinuing Education on October 3-6 toexamine problems of Middle Eastern Mod­ernization in terms of 19th century devel­opment. William R. Polk, Professor ofHistory and Director of the Center forMiddle Eastern Studies, the sponsor of theconference, said: "The central purpose wasto bring out the comparative elements ofchange and to sharpen our sensitivity tothe process of change." Polk noted thatthe first real touch of European civilizationcame to the Middle East with the Frenchinvasion of Egypt in 1798. Thus the studyof the 19th Century Middle Eastern reac­tion to European commerce and culturetells much about the reaction of modernMiddle Eastern countries to modern pro­grams, such as American foreign aid. "The19th Century provides us a simpler modelof the 20th Century complexities," Polksaid. Faculty and StaffDr. William E. Adams, the James Nelsonand Anna Louise Raymond Professor ofSurgery, and Dr. Peter V. Moulder, Jr.,MD'45, Professor of Surgery, recentlyparticipated in a series of medical meet­ings in Copenhagen, Stockholm, Helsinki,Leningrad, Moscow, Warsaw, and Prague.While in Europe they were awarded medalsand certificates of honor for their outstand­ing contributions to thoracic and cardio­vascular surgery. Dr. Adams presided atthe International Congress of the Ameri­can College of Chest Physicians held inCopenhagen, and is the president-elect ofthat organization.Leonard Binder, Associate Professor andChairman of the Department of PoliticalScience, is the editor of Politics in Lebanon(John Wiley & Sons Inc.).Daniel J. Boorstin hats been appointed thePreston and Sterling Morton Professor ofHistory. He has been a Professor of Ameri­can History at the University since 1944.He is the author of seven books, and therecipient of two major prizes for the firsttwo volumes in his trilogy, The Americans.The Preston and Sterling Morton Profes­sorship of History was established in 1955by the late Sterling Morton, chairman ofthe board of the Morton SaltCompany, inhis name and that of his wife, Preston.David Easton, Professor of Political Sci­ence, is the editor of Varieties of PoliticalTheory (Prentice-Hall).Benedict S. Einarson, Professor of Greek,has been appointed the Edward OlsonProfessor of Greek at the University. Mr.Einarson, who holds AB, AM and PhDdegrees from The University of Chicago,is the fourth person to hold the Olson Pro­fessorship. The chair was founded in 1890in memory of Edward Olson of the Classof 1873 at The Old University of Chicago,which closed its doors in 1886. Mr. Einar­son is the author of numerous published works and has just completed a study onthe origin and development of the Greekalphabet.Dr. James. O. Elam, an authority ontechniques of cardiopulmonary resuscita­tion, has been named Professor of Anes­thesiology. Most recently he has beenProfessor and Chairman of the Depart­ment of Anesthesiology at the Universityof Missouri, Kansas City.Mircea Eliade, the Sewell L. Avery Dis­tinguished Service Professor in the DivinitySchool and Professor in the Committee onSocial Thought; Clifford Geertz, Professorof Anthropology; Leonard Krieger, Uni­versity Professor of History; Henri Theil,University Professor in the GraduateSchool of Business and in the Departmentof Economics; and Hirofumi Uzawa, Pro­fessor of Economics, have been elected tomembership in the American Academy ofArts and Sciences.Richard E. Flathman, Assistant Profes­sor of Political Science; Herbert. S. Klein,Assistant Professor of Latin AmericanHistory; and Michael J. Murrin, AssistantProfessor of English and Humanities, havebeen selected to receive Willett FacultyFellowships for 1966-67. The fellowshipswere established in 1961 by the late How­ard L. Willett, Sr., Chairman of the Boardof the Willett Company and a 1906 gradu­ate of the University. They are designedto allow younger faculty members to bereleased from their teaching duties for anacademic quarter in order to develop theirscholarly interests.Henry A. Fozzard, an authority in thefield of cardiac electrophysiology, hasbeen named Associate Professor of Medi­cine. Since 1962 he has been a memberof the faculty of the Washington Univer­sity School of Medicine in S1. Louis.Cyril O. Houle, PhD'40, Professor ofEducation, is the first recipient of the Wil­liam Pearson Tolley Medal for Distin­guished Leadership in Adult Education,presented by Syracuse University.Joseph M. Kitagawa, PhD'51, Professorof History of Religions in the DivinitySchool, is the author of Religion in Japa­nese History (Columbia University Press),17a study of the continuing involvement ofreligion in' the social and political life ofJapan from the third century A.D. to thepresent. .Dr. Harry J. Lowe, an authority in theuse of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, has beennamed Professor of Anesthesiology in theDepartment of Surgery. Since 1964 he hasbeen Associate Research Professor ofAnesthesiology at the State University ofNew York at Buffalo and Director of theHyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Unit at theMillard Fillmore Hospital, Buffalo, N. Y.Kenneth J. Northcott, Professor of OlderGerman Literature, has been appointedDean of Students in the Graduate Divisionof the Humanities.Max Rheinstein, the Max Pam Professorof Comparative Law, was named an Offi­cier de I'Ordre des Palmes Academiquesfor his achievements in increasing legalunderstanding between France and theUnited States. Charles Lucet, the FrenchAmbassador to the United States, made theaward in a ceremony at the Law School onOctober 11. The citation noted his contri­bution in introducing courses in Frenchpublic law as part of the University's For­eign Law Program. Under this program,students are' taught French law by Mr.Rheinstein and the French language byUniversity professors prior to a year oflegal studies in France.Harold Rosenberg, a distinguished writerand art critic, has been appointed Professorin the Committee on Social Thought. Hehas written and lectured extensively oncontemporary art, and has written poetryand essays on modern culture. Mr. Rosen­berg comes to the University from South­ern Illinois University, where he wasVisiting Professor of Art and artist-in­residence in 1965-66.Warner A. Wick, PhD'41, Dean of Stu­dents and Professor of Philosophy, hasbeen named a Trustee of the Art Instituteof Chicago.Dr. Harvey A. Zarem has been namedAssistant Professor of Surgery and headof a new division of plastic surgery in theUniversity's Department of Surgery. Hecomes to Chicago from the Department of18 Plastic Surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospitalwhere he had been since 1964. Dr. Zaremreceived his AB from Yale in 1953 andhis MD from Columbia in 1957. His re­search has centered on the development ofminute blood vessels-microcirculation-inskin grafts in mice.5partshartsCross Country-The 1966 cross countryseason opened Sept. 24 when the Maroonsdefeated the Albion College Bruins, 25-30,at Albion, Michigan. Peter Hildebrand, asenior from Chicago, placed first with atime of 21 : 13.8 over the four-mile course.Charles Stanberry, Robert LaRoque,Robert Chaffee, and Theodore Terpstracame in fourth, fifth, and eighth respec­tively for UC.Chicago lost to Northern Illinois Univer­sity and Eastern Michigan University atWashington Park, Oct. 1, by identical 44-19 scores. Hildebrand placed second inboth meets and set a new varsity three-milerecord of 14: 51.0 for the Washington Parkcourse. The old record of 15:03.8 was setby A. Omohundro in 1957.The Maroons outran Grinnell College onOct. 8, winning the meet 23-33. The LesDuke Invitational meet was held concur­rently, and the Chicago team placed fourthout of twelve. Stanberry finished thirdamong 81 starters in the Les Duke run.Chicago met North Central College inWashington Park on Oct. 15, and defeatedthe Cardinals 19-42. Hildebrand, Stan­berry, and LaRoque swept the 1-2-3 spots,while Steven Kojola and Robert Chaffeeplaced sixth and seventh. Seventeen run­ners started for the Maroons, includingeight freshmen. Soccer-The University's 20th year of in­tercollegiate soccer competition may tumout to be its best, according to CoachWilliam C. VendI. There is an increasedinterest in soccer on campus, and 46 under­graduates turned out for the team this fall.Among them were some upperclassmenwith high school soccer experience whohad not tried out for the team during theirfirst years at the University. The team has10 returning lettermen. "Our 1966 sched­ule is a tough one, both in the number ofgames scheduled and in the quality of ouropponents," says Coach VendI. Twelvegames are on the Maroon schedule, includ­ing contests with Notre Dame, North­western, and Lake Forest College.Chicago. met Rockford College on StaggField, Oct. 12, and defeated the Regentsby a score of 2-1. This was the first timeChicago had beaten Rockford and the firsttime the Maroons had won an openinggame since 1954. Mark Manewitz andPeter Richardson, a freshman, scored Chi­cago's two goals. The following day, Oct.13, the Chicago Junior Varsity was defeat­ed by Kendall College in .Evanston, 5-0.The Maroon varsity went to Aurora Col­lege on Oct. 15 and lost to the Spartans,2-1, on a cold, rain-soaked field. Chicago'sgoal was scored by Manewitz.SPORTS CALENDARSwimmingDec. 2: DC vs Wilson Junior College,at Chicago (B team).Dec. 3: UC vs Eastern MichiganUniversity, at Chicago.Dec. 9: UC vs Northern Illinois Uni­versity, at De Kalb, Ill.GymnasticsDec. 3: Midwest Open, at Oak Park(Ill.) High School.BasketballDec. 3: UC vs Lake Forest College,at Chicago.Dec. 10: UC vs Iowa Wesleyan Col­lege, at Mt. Pleasant, Ia.I3UOTESThe Definition of Man"Man is to be defined not by his innatecapacities alone, as the Enlightenmentsought to do, nor by his actual behavior, ascontemporary social science seeks to do,but rather by the way in which the first istransformed into the second, the genericpotentialities focused in specific perform­ance. It is in man's career, in its character­istic course that we discern his nature.Although culture is only one element indetermining that course -it is hardly theleast important. As culture shaped us as asingle species, so too it shapes us as sepa­rate individuals .... It is in a systematicreview and analysis of the varying styles ofbecoming human-of the Plains Indian'sbravura, the Hindu's obsessiveness, theFrenchman's rationalism, the Berber's an­archism, the American's optimism, to lista series of tags I would not like to have todefend-that we will find out what it is tobe a man. We must, in short, descend intodetail, past the misleading tags, the meta­physical types, the empty similarities, tograsp firmly the essential character of thevarious cultures as well as the various sortsof individuals within each culture." --Clif­ford Geertz, Professor in the Departmentof Anthropology, in "The Impact of theConcept of Culture on the Concept ofMan," his contribution to the series of"Monday Lectures," sponsored by the Uni­versity Extension.Family Planning"Until two decades ago, contraceptionwas an extra-legal and socially ambiguousact that was publicly condemned thoughprivately accepted .... Official reversal ofthis traditional position began a little morethan a decade ago and since has been pro­ceeding at an accelerating pace. Instead ofsilence or hostility, national planning agen­cies now incorporate family planning as anintegral part 'of their strategy for economicdevelopment. Japan, India, Pakistan,Korea, Chile, Turkey, the United States,and many other nations have acceptedfamily planning as a national responsibility.. . . Appreciation of the population prob- lem has crossed ideological lines, andthrives on both sides of the world's 'cur­tains.' It is appreciated by all of the world'sgreat religions. Historically, the processmoves only in one direction once the proc­ess of public discussion begins-toward anationwide family planning program. Thosewho govern come to realize that it is some­thing the masses want and demand. Thosewho oppose it come to realize that publicresistance only hastens the process of na­tionalization of family planning and theirown loss of public influence and confi­dence." --Donald J. Bogue, Professor inthe Department of Sociology, Director ofthe Community and Family Study Center,and Associate Director of the PopulationResearch and Training Center, in "RecentDevelopments in Family Planning thatPromise Hope in Coping with the Popula­tion Crisis in Asia and Throughout theWorld," a paper presented at the PacificScience Congress, Tokyo, August, 1966.Safe vs Risky Research"The pattern of research support todayreflects a preoccupation with projects whichcan be defined easily in research grant ap­plications and quick results which can besummarized easily in progress reports.There is the inevitable temptation to choosethe more superficial and "safer" projectand to avoid the more interesting but morerisky long-term problem. I hope you willtake the chance whenever possible, and Ihope that you will use your influence onthe granting agencies to support peoplerather than projects." --Robert H. Ebert,'36, MD'42, Dean of Harvard UniversityMedical School, at Harvard MedicalSchool's June commencement.Success in a Frog Pond"Counselors and parents might well con­sider the drawbacks as well as the advan­tages of sending a boy to a 'fine' college,if, when doing so, it is fairly certain he willend up in the bottom ranks of his graduat­ing class. The aphorism "It is better to bea big frog in a small pond than a small frogin a big pond' is not perfect advice, but it is not trivial. ... The elite institutions,whose academic selectivity is probablyincreasing as higher education expands,may want to pay some attention to thedemonstrable fact that their 'worst' gradu­ates would be toward the top of the heapin a national distribution. There is increas­ing emphasis these days on 'raising stand­ards' and 'challenging' students, whichgenerally means requiring more work forthe same grades. The theme of the datareported here is that the 'feeling of success'is a crucial ingredient in career choice, andcollege staffs may do well to consider waysof improving the feedback of 'success in­formation' as well as procedures for in­creasing the output of class work. If ourdata are to be trusted, the current gradingsystem is far from efficient in distributingsuch feedback." --James A. Davis, Asso­ciate Professor in the Department of Soci­ology and senior study director, NationalOpinion Research Center, in "The Campusas a Frog Pond: An Application of theTheory of Relative Deprivation to CareerDecisions in College Men," a paper in theJuly, 1966, issue of The American Journalof Sociology.Those Who Cannot?"It is a major conviction of my profes­sional lifetime that the teacher is thesupremely important factor in the life ofthe school. The teacher should learn byinsight rather than by rule of thumb. Sheshould be an engineer rather than a me­chanic, an artist rather than a draftsman, aphysician rather than a technician .... Sopotent is face-to-face individual attentionthat it usually produces remarkable im­provement both in reading ability and inpersonal adjustment, even when the par­ticular materials and methods are extreme­ly poor. The past half-century has firmlyestablished the fact that skillful individualtutoring is a most effective form of psycho­therapy." --Arthur I. Gates, professoremeritus, Columbia University TeachersCollege, at the 29th Annual Reading Con­ference at The University of Chicago,June, 1966 .19ProfilesNathan Sugarman"We had arranged a poker game to passthe hours to daybreak. Fermi, the leaderof our group, decided to go to sleep. Heasked me to go over and ask the 'big shots'if they had any idea whether the experi­ment would take place, and, if so, when. Ihesitated to interrupt such a distinguishedgroup at such a time. They were veryglum, and, when I rather timidly mentionedthat Fermi wanted to know when to beawakened, they became even more gloomy.The weather was very bad and it was notcertain that the experiment would takeplace at all." Thus Nathan Sugarman re­calls the night of July 15, 1945, at theTrinity site in New Mexico. As it turnedout, the experiment took place at 5: 29 AM-the first nuclear explosion."Probably the most significant thing in20 my life was the war project. It was a mostexhilarating time and was responsible formy changing fields from physical to nu­clear chemistry." Sugarman was a sectionchief of the Fission Products Group from1942 to 1945 at The Chicago MetallurgicalLaboratory of The Manhattan Project. "Itwas a big thing to be associated with thedistinguished people who were connectedwith this part of the war effort. I was veryyoung, yet I was working on a projectwhich involved men like Enrico Fermi,-Arthur Compton, Samuel Allison, EugeneWigner, Edward Teller, and Robert Op­penheimer." Fermi asked Sugarman'sgroup of chemists to come to Los Alamosto analyze the radioactive debris from theTrinity atomic test. Soon after the war, hereturned to the University as an assistant professor in the newly organized Institutefor Nuclear Studies. In 1950 he was co­editor, with C. D. Coryell, of the bookRadiochemical Studies: The Fission Prod­ucts, a volume in the National NuclearEnergy Series which detailed the resultsobtained for the Manhattan Project bythe Fission Products Group at Chicago. Hebecame Professor in the Department ofChemistry and the Enrico Fermi Institutefor Nuclear Studies in 1952. His researchinterests center on high energy nuclearreactions, fission, and the properties ofradionuclides.Sugarman was born on Chicago's WestSide on March 3, 1917. He attended JohnMarshall High School, where, in a chem­istry class, he received his first impetus toa scientific career. He came to the Univer-sity in 1933 and received his SB in 1937and his PhD in 1941. At first unsure ofWhat major studies to take, he decided tofollow up his high school course in chemis­try. From that point on he was devoted toscience.Outside the laboratory and the classroom,he and his wife, Goldie, and their children,Tanya, 19, and Barry, 15, enjoy the theatreand visits to art galleries. They also lookforward to summer vacations in the West,and to hiking through the National Parks+which allows Sugarman to indulge insome "very amateur" photography."I have always thought that my under­graduate studies at Chicago were aboutas exciting an educational experience asone could ask for. Even after we completedthe basic College requirements we werestimulated to continue our intellectual as­sociation with the great men who had ledus in the survey courses by attending lec­tures and seminars which they later gaveon campus." Sugarman sees recent devel­opments in the College as a healthy revivalof the older virtues: "I think that we aregoing to regain that excitement."He feels that there are two basic aspectsto teaching. "One," he says, "is to transferto the students a certain amount of basicknowledge. After all, that's what they camehere for. The other is especially importantto those of us who do scientific research.It is to transfer to the students some of thegreat excitement of science." Sugarmanputs his principles to work in the freshmanchemistry classes that he teaches. Once, forexample, he postponed a scheduled lectureto discuss the results of new, experimentsat the Argonne National Laboratory whichshowed that the "noble gases," long so­called in the belief that they do not reactwith other substances, are not really inert.His class learned of the new findings with­in a few days of their discovery. "Thereare many places in any basic course whereone can introduce something learned at ahigh-level seminar held the week before,"he says. The system apparently works: lastJune he received one of the four 1966Quantrell Awards for Excellence in Under­graduate Teaching. John Mann Deal III"What I like most here is the mode of lifethat I've been able to adopt. The Universityhas an excellent academic program and astrictly amateur athletic program. I'mgetting a fine education and yet I can com­pete as I want in athletics. Our track teamcompetes with quite small schools, yet Ican go to some of the biggest meets in theMidwest and compete against some of thevery best people. And I can compete likethis without the pressure found in larger,less intellectually-minded schools."John Mann Beal III, a junior in the Col­lege, is one of the stars of the Chicago trackteam, as was his father before him. Likehis father he specializes in the high and lowhurdles, the high jump, and the broad jump.He also competes in the triple jump event.In his freshman year he won the BondMedal, given annually to the varsity track­man who scores the most total points dur­ing both the indoor and outdoor seasons.He won the Bond Medal a second time forhis performance during the 1965-66 trackseason. John's family has a long-standing associa­tion with the University. His father, JohnM. Beal, Jr., '37, MD'41, was a three-lettertrack man here. His paternal grandfather,John M. Beal, joined the faculty in 1929and was Chairman of the Department ofBotany from 1949 to 1953. His maternalgrandfather was Dr. Dallas Burton Phem­ister, who established the Department ofSurgery at the University and served as itsChairman from 1925 to 1947. John admitsto a certain family influence on his decisionto study here -,He prepared for Chicago at Trinity Schoolin New York City, where he played foot­ball, some soccer, was a varsity trackman,and was on the Student Council. He cameto the University in 1963. In addition totrack competition he has worked as awriter and reporter for the Maroon, and hespent the past summer driving a bus inChicago. John left the University for thePeace Corps in June 1964, after complet­ing his freshman year. "It was becomingobvious that I wasn't sure of what I wasdoing. I left to do the best thing I couldwhile I thought about it," he says. He spenta year in Colombia doing community de­velopment work, mainly building schoolsand irrigation projects. "It was a remark­able educational experience. There's noquestion that I'd go again. It helped megain insight into the human condition.There we were on the same level as thepeople, not just looking at them from adistance. It was the sort of experience youcan't have as a tourist."John returned to the University in thefall of 1965 and settled down to the studyof political science. His main interest is ininternational relations, and he plans to goon to graduate school. "There is a serious­ness at Chicago that helps to give you asense of purpose. I think that you reallydon't get this at other schools until youbecome a graduate student."His career outlook is indefinite; but, hesays, "I think I'd like to combine academicwork with service in government or in aninternational organization." His goal: "per­haps to help create a little peace in theworld."21ChicagoEntering students who are children ofalumni were guests of the Alumni Asso­ciation at a special University Theatreproduction of Tennessee Williams' I Can'tImagine Tomorrow on October 14. Theperformance was followed by a coffee hourand mixer for students, faculty, and theshow's cast and production crew.AlbanyEdward W. Rosenheim, Jr., Professor ofEnglish and Humanities, spoke on "Chi­cago '66: The Meaning of a Modern Uni­versity" on October 17. Mr. Rosenheim'stalk followed dinner and cocktails atKeeler's Restaurant in Albany.Los AngelesRay Koppelman, Associate Professor ofBiochemistry and Master of the CollegiateDivision of Biology, spoke on "News ofthe New College" on November 4. Mr.Koppelman's talk followed a dinner meet­ing at the University of Southern Cali­fornia Faculty Center.Dallas/Fort WorthNorval Morris, the Julius Kreeger Pro­fessor of Law and Director of the Centerfor Studies in Criminal Justice, spoke on"Research in Crime and Punishment" onOctober 25. Mr. Morris' talk followed abuffet dinner at the Marriott Motor Hotel.Mr. Morris' views on compensation forvictims of violent crimes elicited a con­curring editorial in the Dallas MorningNews of October 28.HoustonNorval Morris, the Julius Kreeger Pro­fessor of Law and Director of the Cen­ter for Studies in Criminal Justice, spokeon "Research in Crime and Punishment"on October 26. Mr. Morris' talk followeda dinner meeting at the Sheraton-LincolnHotel in Houston.San FranciscoDaniel J. Boorstin, the Preston and Ster­ling Morton Professor of History, spokeon "Are Americans Materialists?-FromWealth to Standard of Living" on Novem­ber 2. The event included a meeting andcoffee hour at the World Trade Club.22 BaltimoreJoshua C. Taylor, the William RaineyHarper Professor of Humanities and Pro­fessor of Art, spoke on "The Complexitiesof Modern Art" at the Baltimore Museumof Art on November 6. Mr. Taylor's talkwas followed by a gallery tour of the Mu­seum's new exhibit of 20th Century Ital-ian Art. . �Minneapolis/ St. PaulGeorge R. Hughes, Oriental InstituteProfessor of Egyptology, presented thefilm "The Egyptologists" on November 15.Shown at the Leamington Hotel, the filmtells the story of Oriental Institute dig­gings in Egypt.WashingtonWashington area alumni attended a paneldiscussion on "What's Ahead for Educa­tional Television" at Station WET A on theHoward University campus, November 16.The panel members were: Chalmers H.Marquis, Executive Director of Educa­tional Television Stations; William J.McCarter, General Manager, GreaterWashington Television Association; andNorman E. Jorgenson, Senior Partner ofKrieger and Jorgenson, Attorneys.BostonPeter Meyer, Professor of Physics andin the Enrico Fermi Institute for NuclearStudies, spoke on "Space Research and theUniversity" on October 19. Mr. Meyer'stalk followed a 7: 00 PM reception in hishonor at the Statler-Hilton.Prof. Norval Morris (center) with Houstonalumni, following his talk on October 26. COMING EVENTSPhiladelphia: December 6Benson E. Ginsburg, Professor of Biol­ogy, will be guest speaker at a dinner meet­ing.Chicago: December 11A reception will follow a performanceof Messiah at Rockefeller Chapel.Portland: December 12Wayne C. Booth, the George M. PullmanProfessor of English and Dean of the Col­lege, will be guest speaker at a dinnermeeting.Seattle: December 13Wayne C. Booth, the George M. PullmanProfessor of English and Dean of the Col­lege, will be guest speaker at a dinnermeeting.Los Angeles: January 20Milton Friedman, the Paul SnowdonRussell Distinguished Service Professor inthe Department of Economics, will speakat a dinner meeting.Cleveland: January 26Martin Marty, Professor in the DivinitySchool, will be guest speaker at a dinnermeeting.Washington: January 27William H. McNeill, Chairman and Pro­fessor of the Department of History, willspeak at a dinner meeting.Miami Beach: February 3Norval Morris, the Julius Kreeger Profes­sor in the Law .School and Director of theCenter for Studies in Criminal Justice, willbe guest of honor at a reception.Detroit: February 14Philip Hauser, Professor of Sociology,will speak at a dinner meeting.For information on coming events, or forassistance in planning an event in yourcommunity with a guest speaker from theUniversity, contact (Mrs.) Jane Steele,Program Director, The University of Chi­cago A lumni Association, 57 33 UniversityA ve., Chicago, Ill. 60637, MI 3-0800.Above: Washington alumni, UC students serving as summer internsin Washington, and entering students on a late-summer cruise onthe Potomac River. Chairman of the event was Cody Pjanstiehl. Below: Entering students who are children of alumni chat withmembers of the faculty and the University Theatre at a mixer fol­lowing a UT production of Williams' I Can't Imagine Tomorrow.23Alumni News03John Darst, MD'03 (Rush), who prac­ticed medicine in Auburn, Wash., from1918 until his retirement in 1961, washonored recently on the occasion of his88th birthday. An open house was attendedby many friends and former patients.09Edith Osgood Eaton, '09, AM'14, hasmoved from Valparaiso, Ind., to Portland,Ore. Mrs. Eaton is the wife of the lateScott V. Eaton, SM'13, PhD'20, a memberof the Botany Department at UC for 30years. She also is the mother of DorothyEaton Leigh, '40, AM'42, whose husband,Arthur Leigh, PhD'46, is professor ofeconomics at Reed College, Portland.19Glenway Wescott, X'19, has publisheda new edition of his short novel, ThePilgrim Hawk (Harper & Row), whichfirst appeared in 1940. Christopher Isher­wood has called the book "truly a work ofart, of the kind so rarely achieved or at­tempted nowadays."20J. E. Lamar, '20, recently retired as headof industrial minerals, Illinois State Geo­logical Survey, after 46 years of service.As first and only head of the industrialminerals section, Mr. Lamar focused hisstudies on Illinois mineral resources andtheir utilization. He was the Survey's firstmicropaleontologist and its first petroleumengineer. He also organized one of thecountry's first sedimentation laboratoriesfor detailed study of limestones and sand­stones.Mary Stark, '20, of Oxford, Ohio, re­ceived a citation for outstanding commu­nity service in 1965, presented by the LaneBryant Annual Awards committee. Thecitation entitles Mrs. Stark to compete forone of two annual awards presented "toencourage volunteer work designed tobenefit the American Community." Aformer counselor in Miami University's(Ohio) Student Counseling Service, Mrs.Stark was nominated for the Award by Dr.24 Philip R. Shriver, Miami president. Par­ticular attention was called to her work inconnection with mental hygiene, plannedparenthood, and equal rights.Arthur C. Wickenden, AM'20, DB'21,PhD'31, Miami University (Ohio) emeri­tus professor of religion, is author of a newbook, Raymond M. Hughes: Leader ofMen (Miami University Office of AlumniRelations, Oxford, 0.). Raymond M.Hughes was president of Miami U. 1911-27, and of Iowa State College (now I.S.U.)1927-36. Mr. Wickenden received an hon­orary Doctor of Divinity from Miami U.last June.23Samuel H. Williston, X'23, has retired asvice president of two Sun Oil Companysubsidiaries: Cordero Mining Co. andSperry-Sun Well Surveying Company; Mr.Williston served Sun and its subsidiariesin various capacities for the past 44 years,in both North and South America.24Gainer B. Jones, LLB'24, retired seniorvice president of Texas National Bank ofCommerce, Houston, will continue toserve the Bank as a consultant. During his35 years with the Bank, Mr. Jones was anattorney, trust officer, vice president andtrust officer, and, since 1959, senior vicepresident.26Harry B. Allinsmith, '26, is a special lec­turer in the industrial relations departmentof Newark (N.J.) College of Engineering.Philip Mechem, JSD'26, is a visiting pro­fessor of law for the current school yearat Temple University School of Law,Philadelphia, where he served in a similarcapacity during the 1964-65 term. Mr.Mechem is a past president of the Asso­ciation of American Law Schools and hastaught at various schools throughout thenation.Harold H. Titus, PhD'26, has completelyrevised his textbook, Ethics for Today,originally published in 1936 by the Amer­ican Book Company, New York. Dr.Morris T. Keeton, dean of the faculty at Antioch College, is co-author. Mr. Titus,who has been visiting professor at the InterAmerican University, San German, PuertoRico, was Professor of Philosophy at Deni­son University, Granville, Ohio, from1928 to 1964.27Justin McCortney O'Brien, '27, receivedan honorary Doctor of Letters degree fromWesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.A professor of French at Columbia Uni­versity, he is noted for his translations ofGide, Camus, Sartre, and Proust. Wes­leyan President Victor L. Butterfield paidtribute to Mr. O'Brien as "a gifted andcommitted teacher of French letters andculture" who has "helped humanisticstudies come alive for thousands of under­graduates."John R. Russell, '27, Director, Universityof Rochester (N.Y.) Library, is serving asa consultant at the American Studies Re­search Centre, Hyderabad, India, under aFulbright grant. The six-month grant willenable Mr. Russell to assist the Centre staffin planning a building and in developingits collections, which serve as a source forIndian scholars to study American historyand literature. Mr. Russell writes that hiswife, who is also a librarian, will assist incataloging the books.29Clifford G. Robertson, '29, AM'37, hasretired as associate professor of economicsand business administration at NorwichUniversity, Northfield, Vt. Mr. Robertsonhas taught at New York University and SirGeorge Williams College in Montreal, andhas been employed by the U.S. Army andAir Force as a civilian worker in Japanand Korea.30Ralph K. Lindop, '30, chairman of theboard of Underwriters National AssuranceCo., was featured as "Man in the News" inthe Jan. 8 issue of "Insurance," a nationalnews weekly. Mr. Lindop is serving as the1966-67 Advance Gifts Chairman in In­dianapolis for the Alumni Fund.31Robert W. McEwen, AM'31, PhD'33,has announced his resignation as the 14thpresident of Hamilton College, Clinton,N. Y, effective June 30, 1967. He hasheaded Hamilton, a men's liberal arts col­lege, since February, 1949. Grant Keehn,chairman of the Hamilton board, describesMr. McEwen's two greatest achievementsin recent years: "the successful completionof a major campaign for funds, and theestablishment of a coordinate college forwomen." Kirkland College, the coed insti­tution, will open in autumn, 1968.33Jacob Adler, '33, professor of accountingand finance at the University of Hawaii, isthe author of Claus Spreckels; the SugarKing in Hawaii, recently published by theUniversity of Hawaii Press. The book is"the first attempt to set forth the full extentof this wily entrepreneur's influence on theeconomic progress of the island kingdom."Mr. Adler also is a trustee of the HawaiianHistorical Society.Charlemae Hill Rollins, X'33, Chicagoauthor and lecturer, recently spoke on"The Eternal Flame" at the annual Wom­an's Day Sunday at New Hope BaptistChurch, Denver.34William Etkins, PhD'34, former profes­sor of biology at the City College of NewYork, has accepted a similar position atYeshiva College, the men's undergraduatedivision of Yeshiva University, New YorkCity.Harry H. Harman, '34, SM'36, formerlyprincipal scientist at the System Develop­ment Corporation in Santa Monica, Calif.,is now a senior research psychologist withEducational Testing Service, Princeton,N. J. In his new position, Mr. Harman willassist ETS in the development of an officefor scientific computation, and will con­duct studies on applications of technologyin education and measurement.William B. Tucker, MD'34, Director ofthe Medical Service of the Veterans Ad­ministration, Washington, D.C., has been awarded the Trudeau Medal of the Na­tional Tuberculosis Association for hiswork in establishing "chemotherapy oftuberculosis methods on a sound and accu­rate scientific basis." Dr. Tucker has beenassociated with the Veterans Administra­tion since 1947, working variously withVA Hospitals in Minneapolis, Minn., andin Durham, N.C., before corning to Wash­ington in 1956.36Audrey Fay Sayman, AM'36, adminis­trator of the Alexandria-Pineville (La.)Guidance and Rehabilitation Center, hasreceived the distinguished service awardof the Louisiana Association for MentalHealth. Miss Sayman also is co-chairmanof the Community Mental Health PlanningCouncil for Central Louisiana.37Harriet E. Gillette, '37, MD'40, has beennamed assistant professor in the Depart­ment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilita­tion at the University of Vermont. Aprominent physician, Dr. Gillette wasvoted the Medical Woman of the Year in1954 by the American Medical Women'sAssociation.38C. Howard Church, '38, recently re­ceived a 1 sf Purchase A ward in theMembers' Exhibition/Annual Meeting ofMichigan Academy of Sciences, Arts &Letters (Fine Arts Section), for a largeoil painting entitled "Arizona Abstract."The work has since become a part of thepermanent collection at Delta College,Saginaw, Mich. Mr. Church has been Pro­fessor of Art at Michigan State Universitysince 1945, and is currently teaching print­making. His wife is IIa Harner Church, '28.39Judith Pool, '39, PhD'46, a senior re­search associate at the Stanford MedicalCenter, California, was instrumental indeveloping an inexpensive method for ex­tracting a concentrate of a coagulationfactor in blood. The discovery has aidedthe hemophiliac in that it is "a step toward stopping the blood flow with an insuhn­like injection of the coagulation factor."Mrs. Pool is the mother of two sons, intheir 20's, and a 2Vz year-old daughter.Lois Wildy, X'39, has retired as execu­tive director of the Illinois Children'sHome and Aid Society. Stanley G. Harris,Jr., president of the Society's board oftrustees, said: "In the 22 years Lois Wildyhas served the Society, both as director ofcasework and as executive director, shehas brought devotion, imagination, andinnovation to the care of neglected anddependent children." Prior to joining theSociety's staff in 1944, Miss Wildy was anassistant professor in the School of SocialService Administration at UC.41Louis Leal, AM'41, PhD'50, professorof Spanish at the University of Illinois,Urbana, recently spoke on "The LatinAmerican Short Story" as guest of theSpanish-English Cultural Group of theVilla Jones International Cultural Center,Mexico City, Mexico. Villa Jones, whichserves as an international cultural exchangecenter, is operated by Robert C. Jones,X'40, and his wife.42Richard V. Andree, '42, has become the.second recipient of the C. C. Mac DuffeeAward for outstanding service in the pro­motion of scholarly activity in mathema­tics. Granted by Pi Mu Epsilon, nationalhonorary mathematics fraternity, theaward was established in 1955, and is givena maximum of once every ten years. Mr.Andree, chairman of the department ofmathematics and astronomy at the Uni­versity of Oklahoma, has been active indeveloping programs for high schoolmathematics curricula.Bradley H. Patterson, Jr., '42, AM'43,has been appointed Executive Director ofthe recently-formed National AdvisoryCommission on Selective Service. Mr. Pat­terson, an active alumnus in Washington,D.C., participated in the College Confer:'ence last January, and has worked on theSummer Intern program. His son, Bruce,is a freshman at U'C.2543Irving S. Bengelsdorf, SM'48, PhD'51,Los Angeles Times science editor, is therecipient of the 1967 James T. Gr�dyaward in science writing. The presentationwill be made by the American ChemicalSociety at its national meeting in MiamiBeach, Fla., next April.Monroe Fein, '43, previously Manager ofComputer Facilities at Illinois Institute ofTechnology's Research Institute, has beennamed Assistant Director of the ComputerSciences Division. Mr. Fein, who joinedIITRI in 1962, organized and directedIITRI's Computational Services Center,which provides computer services to localindustrial and governmental agencies.Wilma A. Iggers, AM'43, PhD'52, hasbeen named associate professor of modernlanguages at Canis ius College, Buffalo,N.Y. Her husband, Georg, AM'45, PhD'51, is teaching at State University of NewYork, at Buffalo.Lloyd M. Kozloff, '43, PhD'48, Professorof Microbiology at the University of Colo­rado, has been named acting chairman ofthe Department of Microbiology. Mr.Kozloff served on the UC biochemistryfaculty until 1964, when he went toColorado.Annabelle Bender Motz, AM' 43, PhD'50 former assistant professor of sociol­og; at the University of Maryland, is nowassociate professor of sociology at Amer­ican University in Washington.Joseph A. Parks, MD'43, recently com­pleted a two-month voluntary tour of dutyon the S.S. HOPE, the hospital ship on ateaching-treatment mission to Nicaraguaas part of The People-to-�eopl: Healt?Foundation, Inc. Dr. Parks IS ChIef RadI­ologist at the Valley Presbyterian Hospitalin Van Nuys, Calif.47Helene Borke, AM'47, PhD'52, is As­sistant Professor of Child Developmentand Psychology at Margaret MorrisonCarnegie College and in the Division ofHumanities and Social Sciences, CarnegieInstitute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa. -26 Edward W. Burgess, AM'47, has beenpromoted to Class 2 in the Foreign Serviceof the United States. Since joining theService in 1947, Mr. Burgess has beenstationed in Syria, Egypt, South Africa,Burma, and Yugoslavia. He is presentlyserving as Chief of the U.S. Embassy'sPolitical and Economic Section in Prague,Czechoslovakia.Dorothy Warshaw Green, '47, SM'48,has been named head of the recentlyformed Technical Editing Group of IITResearch Institute. Mrs. Green has been atechnical editor with IITRI since 1956,and previously was associated with UCin a research and technical editing capa­city. She is a member of the Society ofTechnical Writers and Publishers, theAmerican Association for the Advance-.ment of Science, and is secretary to theChicago Technical Societies Council.Chandler W. Rowe, AM'47, PhD'51,president of Hawaii Loa College, wasawarded an honorary doctor of science de­gree by Lawrence University, Appleton,Wis. He had been a member of the Law­rence faculty from 1946 until 1965, andbecame dean of academic affairs in 1961.Hawaii Loa is a newly founded liberal artscollege near Honolulu.Ralph S. Saul, AB'47, recently wasnamed president of The American StockExchange. He is a former top official ofthe Securities and Exchange Commission,as well as former vice-president, corporatedevelopment, of Investors Diversified Serv­ices, Inc., a large Minneapolis financialconcern.Gertrude J. Selznick, AM' 4 7, is co-authorof The Apathetic Majority (Harper &Row), a study of American opinion onthe Eichmann trial of 1961.Kenneth J. Teegarden, '47, SB'50, hasbeen promoted to Professor of Optics. inthe College of Engineering and AppliedScience of the University of Rochester(N.Y.). Mr. Teegarden is a former reci­pient of a grant from the Alfred P. SloanFoundation, under which he conductedbasic research "focusing on the optical andelectrical qualities of alkali halides." John Adams Clifford Gurney48John H. Adams, MBA'48, Lt. Colonel inthe U.S. Air Force and director of man­agement analysis for Fifth Air Force,Fuchu, Japan, recently completed the AirWar College Seminar at Fuchu Air Station.Keith E. Chave, '48, SM'51, PhD'52,professor of geology at Lehigh University,presented a research paper on mineralmaterials suspended in sea water at the11 th Pacific Science Congress held thispast summer in Tokyo, Japan. An author­ity in the field of geochemistry, .Mr. Ch�vewas the first director of the Lehigh ManneScience Center, serving from 1963 until1965. Prior to joining the faculty at Le­high, he was a research geologist with theCalifornia Research Corp. in La Habra,Calif.PeterR. Coffin, AM'48, is visiting lecturerin philosophy at Denison University, Gran­ville, Ohio. Previously, Mr. Coffin taughtat Mary Washington College of the Uni­versity of Virginia, Colby College, andChicago City College.Rabbi Everett E. Gendler, '48, with TheJewish Center at Princeton, spoke on"Jewish Views on Peace and War" at aspring meeting of the Sisterhood of Tem­ple Neve Shalom, Metuchen, N. J. RabbiGendler has been active in civil rights asChairman of the Rabbinical AssemblyAction Committee for Racial Justice,Selma, Ala., in March, 1965.Clifford Gurney, '48, MD'51, formerlyon the faculty of the UC Medical School,has been named professor and chairmanof the department of medicine at RutgersMedical School. Dr. Gurney also spentWilliam Pryor John Santinione year as visiting scientist at ChurchillHospital, Oxford, England.William A. Pryor, '48, SB'51, AssociateProfessor of Chemistry, Louisiana StateUniversity, Baton Rouge, recently has hadtwo textbooks published: Free Radicals(McGraw- Hill Book Co.), "a graduatestudent text which discusses the reactionsof chemical species having an odd numberof electrons"; and Introduction to FreeRadical Chemistry (Prentice-Hall), a textfor sophomores. Mr. Pryor also is authorof Mechanisms of Sulfur Reactions (Me­Graw-Hill, 1962).John A. Santini, '48, is the new superin­tendent of schools for New Haven, Conn.For the past two years he was superinten­dent of schools in Farmington, Conn. Priorto that, Mr. Santini was a productionengineer at the Fisher Body Division ofGeneral Motors, Detroit, practiced law,lectured on school administration, and wasprincipal of an elementary school in Ohio-Marshall Sklare, AM'48, has been namedprofessor of sociology at Yeshiva Univer­sity's Wurzweiler School of Social Work,Ferkauf Graduate Schools. During the1965-66 academic year, Mr. SkI are was atHebrew University, Israel, under a Ful­bright grant. In the spring of 1967, BasicBooks will publish his "Lakeville Study,"a research project on Jewish life in a mid­western suburb.Robert F. Slutz, Jr., AM'48, PhD'51, hasbeen promoted to Class 3 in the ForeignService of the United States. Since 1955he has been stationed in Palermo andBangkok. He is presently assigned to theState Department as officer in charge ofLaos affairs. 49Robert G. Abood, '49, AM'55, PhD'62,has been awarded a research grant bythe National Multiple Sclerosis Societyfor a three-year study on the biochemistryof membranes. A biochemist with the Uni­versity of Rochester, Mr. Abood will con­duct the study at its Center for BrainResearch.Harold M. Agnew, SM'49, PhD'49,head of the Weapons Development Divi­sion of the Los Alamos (N. M.) ScientificLaboratory, recently received the AtomicEnergy Commission's Ernest OrlandoLawrence Memorial Award "for his high­ly significant contributions to the develop­ment of nuclear weapons and for hisoutstanding success in working with theArmed Services to assure the maximumsafety and effectiveness of atomic wea­pons systems."Ernest C. Anderson, PhD'49, a memberof the biophysics staff at the Los Alamos(N. M.) Scientific Laboratory, recentlyreceived the Atomic Energy Commis­sion's Ernest Orlando Lawrence MemorialAward "for outstanding contributions tonuclear medicine, to biological research,to archeological dating, and for the devel­opment of liquid scintillation countingwhich made possible early neutrino ex­periments and the liquid scintillator wholebody counter."Ann von Hoffman, '49, has received aDanforth Foundation Graduate Fellow­ship for Women for study toward a Mas­ter's degree in English at UC. The Dan­forth program for women requires thatrecipients have bachelor's degrees and "atsome time prior to appointment must haveexperienced a break of three or moreyears in their academic or teachingcareer." All recipients plan to becomeclassroom teachers in a high school, col­lege, or university.Corbitt B. Rushing, AM'49, former Ex­ecutive Director of Research Study forthe Oklahoma Institute of Justice, is anassistant professor of political science atNorth Carolina Wesleyan College inRocky Mount, N.C. Mr. Rushing report- edly will soon publish a book, The Okla­homa Judicial System, reviewing his recenttwo-year study of that state's courts.50Mahlon W. Barnes, Jr., '50, is associateprofessor of philosophy at the Universityof Hartford, West Hartford, Conn. Special­izing in contemporary analytic philosophy,Dr. Barnes has taught at NorthwesternUniversity, Roosevelt University, the Uni­versity of Miami, and Ohio University,Athens, Ohio.Leon Golden, '50, AM'53, PhD'58, isthe author of In Praise of Prometheus(University of North Carolina Press).The book is a study of Aeschylus as a re­ligious and political thinker as based onevidence from his plays.Marvin W. Heath, PhD' 50, recently re­tired colonel in the U.S. Air Force, isassistant professor of political science atWashburn University, Topeka, Kan. Dr.Heath has served with the Armed Forcessince 1941, and was promoted to colonelin 1954. His last assignment was as direc­tor of material at Forbes Air Force Base.Ralph D. Maguire, '50, has been namedactuary in the financial records and plan­ning division of the group department ofTravelers Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn.Clothier Maloney, '50, architect withThalheimer & Weitz, Philadelphia, re­cently portrayed Mr. Gallagher in thePhiladelphia Drama Guild's tenth anni­versary production of Sean O'Casey's"Shadow of a Gunman."Allen S. Person, '50, JD'56, formerly withthe New York law firm of Shearman andSterling, is the tax counsel for Owens­Corning Fiberglas Corp., in its Toledooffice.Maurice K. Townsend, AM'50, PhD'54,is the new dean of academic affairs andprofessor of political science at StanislausState College, Turlock, Calif. Formerly,he was academic dean and professor ofpolitical science at Moorhead State Col­lege, Moorhead, Minn. He recently com­pleted a two-year term as president of theMinnesota College-Federal Council.2751Jack Fooden, AM'51, SB'57, PhD' 60,has been promoted to associate professorof zoology at Illinois Teachers CollegeChicago/South. Since 1964, Mr. Foodenalso has been a research associate in thedivision of mammals at the Field Museumof Natural History, where he is currentlydoing research on revision of the taxon­omy of the macaques, a South Asian genusof monkey used extensively in medicalresearch.A. Paul Hare, PhD' 51, professor andchairman of the sociology department,Haverford College, Pa., is the new editorof Sociological Inquiry, a semi-annualpublication of Alpha Kappa Delta, the na­tional sociology honor society. The journal,previously published on the West Coast,will have its headquarters at HaverfordCollege. Mr. Hare also is president-electof the Pennsylvania Sociological Society.Gottfried O. Lang, AM'51, former pro­fessor of anthropology at Catholic Univer­sity of America, has been appointed to asimilar position at the University of Colo­rado. Mr. Lang has taught at the Univer­sity of Utah, Cornell University, and theUniversity of Munich, Germany.Archie L. McNeal, PhD' 51, recently tooka week's vacation in Italy with his wife, aswinners of a drawing sponsored by theCollier- Macmillan Library Service exhibitat a convention of the American LibraryAssociation. Mr. McNeal is Director ofLibraries at the University of Miami, CoralGables, Fla.William H. Warren, Jr., AM'51, has beenappointed associate dean of the facultyat Antioch College. He will have specialresponsibility for the college's programfor first-year students. He was formerlyassociate dean of students.52Herbert L. Caplan, '52, JD'57, has beennamed one of the eleven most active trialattorneys in Chicago for the previous courtyear. He is currently serving as an instruc­tor in Torts at the John Marshall LawSchool.28 Wilfred C. Fagot, SM'52, has been pro­moted to the rank of associate professor ofmathematics at Juniata College, Hunting­don, Pa. Before joining the faculty in 1965,he was a principal scientist for the Raythe­on Company, Missiles System Division,Bedford, Mass.William T. Keeton, '52, SB'54, recentlywas presented the Professor of Meritaward granted annually by the Ho-Nun­De-Kah agricultural honorary society andthe Agricultural College Student Councilat Cornell University. Mr. Keeton, whohas been on the Cornell faculty since 1958,teaches general biology and evolutionarytheory and directs graduate students inevolutionary biology and insect taxonomy.Donald Theuer, MBA'52, director ofliterature and periodicals for the Board ofPublications of the Evangelical UnitedBrethren Church in Dayton, 0., recentlywas installed as second vice-president ofthe North Central College (Naperville,Ill.) Alumni Association.Charles F. Ziebarth, PhD'52, is a visit­ing professor of business administrationat Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma,Wash., for the current school year. Mr.Ziebarth, who serves as associate professorof transportation, coordinator for the mas­ter of business administration program, anddirector of executive development pro­grams at the Portland, Ore., Center forContinuing Education, has been a businessconsultant to state and federal govern­mental agencies.53Jean McGuire Allard, JD'53, was hon­ored as an alumna of Culver-StocktonCollege, Canton, Mo., at its annualalumni day ceremonies. She receivedrecognition for "achievement in her chos­en profession and service to humanity."She is general counsel for the MaremontCorp., Chicago.John P. Gilbert, SM'53, PhD'62, hasbeen appointed Staff Statistician in theHarvard Computing Center. During thepast academic year he was L.L. ThurstoneDistinguished Fellow at the Psychometric Russell Walter J. M. BrownLaboratory, University of North Carolinaat Chapel Hill. Mr. Gilbert has served asAssistant to the Subcommittee of the Na­tional Halothane Study of the Committeeon Anesthesia of the National Academy ofSciences, National Research Council.Russell W. Walter, MBA'53, has beenappointed assistant superintendent of thestainless department, U.S. Steel's Gary(Ind.) Sheet and Tin Works. He formerlyserved as superintendent of the continuouspickle department.54Morris Herman DeGroot, SM'54, PhD'58, who has been on the faculty of Car­negie Institute of Technology since 1957,has been promoted to professor of mathe­matical statistics and head of the depart­ment of statistics, the Graduate School ofIndustrial Administration.56Edward J. Ainsley, MBA'56, Colonel inthe U.S. Air Force, has entered the Indus­trial College of the Armed Forces at FortLesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., foran intensive 10-month course in the man­agement of logistic resources for nationalsecurity. Col. "Ainsley previously served aschief of the weapons. and weapons effectsdivision at Headquarters, Air Force Sys­tems Command, Andrews AFB, Md.J. M. Brown, MBA'56, has been nameddistrict sales manager of Continental CanCompany's southern metal division in theDallas, Tex., sales district. Since joiningContinental in 1950, Mr. Brown has beenassistant product sales manager for theNew York office, and sales representativefor the southern metal division in Houston.R. Feyertag W. N. GeorgesonRudolph Feyertag, MBA'56, is managerof manufacturing at Beltone ElectronicsCorp., Chicago. In this newly-created post,Mr. Feyertag is responsible for Beltone'sindustrial engineering, production control,production, purchasing, inspection, andservice departments.William N. Georgeson, MBA'56, hasbeen elected a vice president and a directorof Motors Insurance Corporation, a sub­sidiary of . General Motors AcceptanceCorporation. He will be in charge of invest­ments for the automobile physical damageinsurance company. Mr. Georgeson previ­ously was assistant vice president andassistant treasurer of the Continental Na­tional American Group in Chicago.Paul E. Hanchett, DB'56, has been ap­pointed associate professor of finance atRoosevelt University, Chicago. Formerly,he was with the Continental Associationof Funeral and Memorial Societies and theChicago Memorial Association.Michael J. Harrison, SM'56, PhD'60,has been named East Lansing (Mich.)area chairman of the UC Alumni FundCampaign. Mr. Harrison is a member ofthe faculty of the physics department atMichigan State University.57Ronald J. Grossman, '57, a captain inthe U. S. Air Force, has completed theorientation course for officers of the AirForce's Medical Service at Gunter AFB,Ala. He has been assigned to an Air Forceunit in Thailand, and becomes a memberof the Pacific Air Forces, which provideoffensive and defensive air units in South­east Asia, the Far East, and the Pacific. Walter F. Yondorf, AM'57, PhD'62, hasbeen appointed associate head, nationalsystem design department, the MitreCorp., Bedford, Mass. Before his promo­tion he was subdepartment head ofrequirements analysis with primary re­sponsibility for "supporting crisis man­agement, nuclear weapons control, andattack assessment studies." Mitre is "anindependent systems engineering corpora­tion, formed in 1958 to provide technicaladvice and support to such Governmentagencies as the Electronic Systems Divi­sion of the Air Force Systems Command,the Department of Defense, and the Fed­eral Aviation Agency."58Lawrence H. Ballweg, MBA'58, Colonelin the U.S. Air Force, was assigned to Illi­nois University as assistant professor ofaerospace studies after completion of theAir University's academic instructorcourse at Maxwell : AFB, Ala. The six­week course covered the "principles oflearning, philosophy of military educationin the Air Force, effective speech delivery,and other related teaching techniques."Kenneth R. Calkins, AM'58, instructorin history at Lake Forest (Ill.) College,received a summer research grant fromthe LFC Given Fund for Faculty Im­provement and from the Shell Assistsgiven by the Shell Foundations. He usedthe grant to continue work on a politicalbiography of Hugo Haase, the GermanSocial Democratic leader who played afundamental role in the German revolu­tion of 1918. Mr. Calkins has completedcourse work toward his PhD at UC.Joseph M. Coogle, Jr., MBA'58, has beenpromoted to advertising account super­visor for Ketchum, MacLeod & Grove,Inc., a Pittsburgh advertising and publicrelations agency.Ernie Fitz-Hugh, AM'58, a registeredpsychologist with 16 years experience inpsychotherapy, has been appointed the re­habilitation services supervisor for N ateno(Ill.) State Hospital, the largest mentalhospital in the midwest. He also is asso­ciated with Central Counseling Center in Chicago and is a member of the IllinoisPsychological Association, the IllinoisGroup Psychotherapy Society, and theAmerican Association for Humanistic Psy­chology.John W. Kalas, DB'58, assistant profes­sor of philosophy and religion at LakeForest (Ill.) College, is on leave this yearto serve as a training officer in Washington,D.C., for Volunteers in Service to America(VIST A). Mr. Kalas is supervisor for twotraining programs and also serves as a liai­son between Washington and the staffs ofother training centers.59William G. Mathews, SM'59, is currentlyengaged in research in astronomy with thePhysics Department at the University ofCalifornia at San Diego. After receivinghis PhD in Astronomy from Berkeley in1964, Mr. Mathews spent a year at Cal­Tech doing post-doctoral research undera National Science Foundation grant. Heis a member of the Festival Consort, asemi-professional group of recorder play­ers, which this summer provided music onRenaissance instruments for the San DiegoOld Globe production of Shakespeare's"Two Gentlemen of Verona."Leonard Alan Rapping, AM'59, PhD'61,has been promoted to associate professorof economics in the Graduate School ofIndustrial Administration, Carnegie Insti­tute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa.Jerome L. Rodnitzky, '59, MAT'62, hasjoined the history faculty of ArlingtonState College of the University of Texas.He is completing work toward a doctoraldegree at the University of Illinois/Urbana.Joan L. Sweany, AM'59, has joined thefaculty of Roosevelt University, Chicago,as an instructor in the Department of Eng­lish and Speech.60Earl R. Berkson, PhD'60, former assist­ant professor, University of California, LosAngeles, has joined the faculty of the Uni­versity of Illinois, Urbana, as assistantprofessor of mathematics.29King V. Cheek, Jr., AM'60, JD'64, act­ing dean of the college, Shaw University,Raleigh, N. c., recently spoke at theWashington Street A.M.E. Zion Church,Newburgh, N. Y., as part of a programsponsored by Upsilon Tau Chapter ofOmega Psi Phi Fraternity. His emphasiswas on the need for more Negro studentsto attend college.James A. Doppke, AM'60, a PhD candi­date at UC, has been promoted to assistantprofessor of English at Illinois TeachersCollege Chicago/ South.Joseph Frank, PhD'60, formerly on thefaculty of Rutgers University, is currentlyProfessor in the Comparative LiteratureProgram at Princeton University. He willserve as Director of the Gauss Seminars inCriticism and as literary executor of theBlackmur papers, which were left to thePrinceton Library. Mr. Frank is the authorof The Widening Gyre: Crisis and Masteryin Modern Literature (Rutgers UniversityPress, 1963).61Andrew M. Greeley, AM'61, PhD'62, isthe co-author of The Education of Catho­lic Americans (Aldine). Peter H. Rossi,Director of the National Opinion Re­search Center and Professor of Sociologyis the other author. The book presents theresults of a national survey designed tostudy some of the general issues involvedin the question of the relative merits of apublic vs. a parochial education.Kendall B. Hane, '61, has joined thefaculty of the Department of English andSpeech at Roosevelt University, Chicago.Wayne E. Janda, '61, MD'65, has beenappointed a resident in orthopedic surgeryin the Mayo Graduate School of Medicine,University of Minnesota at Rochester.Ralph L. Stegman, MBA'61, Major inthe U.S. Air Force, has been graduatedfrom a nine-month professional militarycourse at the U.S. Air Force Air Com­mand and Staff College, Maxwell AFB,Ala. The College, part of the Air Univer­sity's professional education system, pre­pares officers for higher command andstaff positions.30 62Bruce D. Campbell, JD'62, MCL'64, anattorney for U.S. Steel Corporation, Pitts­burgh, has been transferred to the LawDepartment of Universal Atlas CementDivision of USS, also in Pittsburgh.Robert L. Hardgrave, Jr., AM'62, is anassistant professor of government at Ober­lin College, Ohio. Last summer Mr. Hard­grave served as an instructor with theIndia Peace Corps Project, Berkeley, Calif.Lemuel D. Horton, MBA'62, Major inthe U.S. Air Force and a tactical fighterpilot on an F-4C Phantom II, is on activeduty in Southeast Asia. Major Hortonserved in the Pacific Theater of Operationsduring World War II, and is a veteran ofthe Korean War.John Howett, AM'62, formerly assistantprofessor of art at Notre Dame Univer­sity, has been named to a similar post atEmory University, Atlanta, Ga.William O. Makely, AM'62, is an instruc­tor in English and Speech at RooseveltUniversity, Chicago.Mark D. Warden, AM'62, instructor ingovernment at Lake Forest (III.) College,was the recipient of a summer researchgrant from the LFC Given Fund forFaculty Improvement and from the ShellAssists given by the Shell Foundations. Hedid research in Spain on the "short-lived,mid-19th Century dictatorship of GeneralNarvaez." Mr. Warden is a PhD candidateat uc63Paul M. Cohen, AM'63, has been as­signed to Uruguay as part of a facultyexchange program between U.S. and LatinAmerican universities. He will teach politi­cal sociology and comparative politics. Theprogram enables faculty members of LatinAmerican universities to pursue advancedstudies in other countries while their postsare filled by American teaching fellows.Mr. Cohen is working on his doctoral dis­sertation at UC on the political system ofUruguay.Gerald Cooke, '63, recently was awardeda PhD from the University of Iowa. Donald Woodruff Elbert StringerDonald E. Woodruff, MBA'63, who hasbeen with Joseph T. Ryerson & Son since1939, has been named general manager ofthe company's Detroit service center. Priorto his promotion, he was general managerof Ryerson's New York plant. Mr. Wood­ruff, his wife, and their three children willlive in Birmingham, Mich.64Paul E. Peterson, AM'64, a PhD candi­date in Political Science at UC, has beenawarded a Dissertation Fellowship by theWoodrow Wilson National FellowshipFoundation. The Fellowships are awardedto "outstanding graduate students in thehumanities and social sciences who plana career in college teaching."Stuart Schar, MF A'64, is assistant pro­fessor of art, University of Illinois, Chi­cago Circle. He is a former researchassociate at North Central Association ofColleges and Secondary Schools.Adolph Streng, Jr., AM'64, former in­structor at the University of Maryland'sEuropean Division in Germany, has joinedthe facuIty of Luther College, Decorah, Ia.Elbert M. Stringer, MBA'64, Lt. Colonelin the U.S. Air Force, has entered the In­dustrial College of the Armed Forces atFort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C.,for an intensive ten-month course in themanagement of logistic resources for na­tional security. Col. Stringer previouslyserved as research and development direc­tor for the Defense Atomic SupportAgency at Washington.Earl M. Tinsley, AM'64, has joined thefaculty of the Department of Philosophyand Religion at Knox College, Galesburg,Ill. A PhD candidate at UC, Mr. Tinsleyhas served as a teaching assistant here andat Indiana University.65John P. Barden, '65, received his MATdegree from Oberlin College in Ohio.Richard E. Dooley, MBA'65, has beenelected Assistant Vice President for TheFirst National Bank of Chicago. Workingin the Operations Department, Mr. Dooleyis in charge of implementing an Informa­tion Management System. He is currentlyattending the Graduate School of Bankingat Rutgers University.Jeremy Finn, AM'65, is assistant profes­sor of educational psychology at the StateUniversity of New York, Buffalo.Jo-Anne Kling, AM'65, is an instructorin the Philosophy Department, MundeleinCollege, Chicago.Marshall Warner Meyer, AM'65, ofMelrose Park, Ill., has married Judith BildPinsof, of Winnetka.T. Kent Mitchell, Jr., MBA'65, a priceanalyst at L. G. Hanscom Field, Mass., anda member of the Air Force Systems Com­mand, has been promoted to first lieutenantin the USAF.Anne Suhre Myers, '65, recently receivedher MAT degree from Oberlin College inOhio.Jeffrey C. Robinson, AM'65, is an in­structor in English at Lake Forest (Ill.)College.Michael G. Schneiderman, JD'65, hasbeen named one of UC's Bigelow Teach­ing Fellows and Instructors by the LawSchool. Since receiving his doctorate, Mr.Schneiderman has been law clerk to JudgeBernard M. Decker of the U.S. DistrictCourt in Chicago.66Jerry N. Clark, JD'66, is an instructor inpolitical science at Heidelberg College,Tiffin, Ohio. Mr. Clark has served as a re­search assistant of the American Bar Asso­ciation, and, while at UC, was a member ofthe board of governors of the Law StudentAssociation. fllrmorialsRobert L. Allison, Sr., '10, a well-knownbusinessman and civic and social welfareleader in Oswego, N.Y., died Sept. 13,1966.Mrs. Ernest G. Patterson (Elsa Harjes,'15, AM'39), of Petoskey, Mich., diedduring the summer, 1966.Mrs. Carl J. Barlow (Nellie Reller, SM, 16), of Three Rivers, Mich., died August4, 1965.Drusilla L. Keller, '21, who had been amathematics teacher at Tilden TechnicalHigh School, Chicago, for several years,died July 17, 1966, in Greenwood, Ind.Jessie L. Duboc, AM'22, died May 18,1966, in Billings, Mont.Carl W. Gamer, '22, died Nov. 7, 1965.Macgruder Ellis Sadler, '22, died Sept. 11,1966.Merritt J. Little, '22, JD'26, Illinois statesenator for 20 years (R), died in AuroraJuly 2, 1966.Ruth Michaels, '22, of Highland Park,Ill., died July 4, 1966.Bruce E. Shepherd, '22, of Short Hills,N.J., died Sept. 25, 1966.Howard E. Wilson, '23, AM'27, Dean ofEducation, the University of California atLos Angeles, and a member of the Ad­visory Board of the Israel Education Fund,United Jewish Appeal, died Aug. 12, 1966.Ernest W. Ruppelt, '25, JD'26, ofGrundy Center, Iowa, died March 5, 1966.Walter F. Taylor, AM'25, of Blue Moun­tain, Miss., died in March, 1966.Florance L. Sullivan, '27, MD'33, prac­ticing physician and surgeon of Freeport,Ill., died Aug. 7, 1966. Richard C. McVey, '28, PhD'57, diedJuly 18, 1966.John S. Umble, X'31, professor emeritusof English and speech at Goshen College,Ind., died March 18, 1966.Ralph M. Light, X'32, a past presidentof the Champaign County (Ill.) Life Un­derwriters Assn., died May 13, 1966.Sara Walker, X'33, of Wilmington, Del.,died June 23, 1966.Mrs. Rolland F. Hatfield (Myrtle Loh­ner, '35, AM'36), died July 21, 1966, inSt. Paul, Minn.Cornelius D. Penner, PhD'35, died re­cently.James Joseph Lewis, JD'36, of ChevyChase, Md., died June 24, 1965, in PineyPoint, Md.Lepka N. McCurdy, '36, died October2, 1965.Eileen Y. Jennings, AM'37, of Tacoma,Wash., died Aug. 4, 1966.Lulu Ruth Reed, PhD'37, retired librarianof Catawba College, Salisbury, N.C., diedAug. 16, 1966.Lora L. Pederson, AM'39, died Aug. 14,1966.Kosrof Eligian, X'41, of Seattle, Wash.,died in October, 1965.Louise B. Volcher, AM'42, died July 9,1966, in Stamford, Conn.Orval W. Sampson, DB'48, of Hart,Mich., died April 9, 1966.Alan T. Wager, PhD'48, a former chair­man of the physics department of ArizonaState University, died May 17, 1966 inTemple, Ariz.Paul D. Tillett, Jr., JD'49, of Princeton,N.J., died Sept. 26, 1966.Perry D. Teitelbaum, AM'51, PhD'59,died June 28, 1966.Albert D. Maynard, PhD'54, died Sept.14, 1966.Mrs. Irena Zygmund, AM'56, of Chi­cago, died Aug. 6, 1966.Jose L. Hernandez, AM' 60, of Chicago,died July 12, 1966.Edward W. Noel, '60, AM'60, PhD'64,of Tulsa, Okla. died March 9, 1966. .Roger F. Weber, MBA'63, died May 4,1966.31UNIVERSITYCALENDARDecember 1-4Exhibit: Prehistoric Paintings of Franceand Spain. Oriental Institute Museum.Open Tuesday through Saturday 10-5.December 1-8Exhibit: Graphics and Drawings by Med­ard Klein. Lexington Studio Galleries.Open daily 9-5, Saturday 10-5, Mon.,Wed., Thu. evenings 7-10.December 1-14Exhibit: Autumn Quarter Students' Ex­hibition of paintings, ceramics, sculpture,prints, and drawings. Midway Studios.Open 9-5 daily, 10-4 Saturday & Sunday.December 1-22Exhibit: 20th Annual Contemporary Artfor Young Collectors Exhibition. Renais­sance Society Galleries, Goodspeed Hall.Open 10-5 Monday through Friday, 1-5Saturday & Sunday.December 2Reception: University Extension's BasicProgram for Adult Education presents theUniversity Theater's Strolling MedievalPlayers. Quadrangle Club, 8: 00 PM.Concert: Collegium Musicum. Englishand Italian music of the Renaissance. BondChapel, 8: 30 PM.Doc Films: Sergei Eisenstein's classic,"Poternkin." Mandel Hall, 7: 30 & 9: 30PM.December 3Concert: University Symphony Orches­tra. Mahler, Haydn, Stravinsky and theworld premier of Richard Wernick's Aevia,commissioned by the University in connec­tion with its 75th Anniversary celebration.Mandel Hall, 8: 30 PM.December 4Concert: Collegium Musicum. Englishand Italian music of the Renaissance. BondChapel, 2: 00 PM.Concert: Contemporary Chamber Play­ers. Kirchner, "Trio for Violin, Cello, &Piano"; Wernick, "Lyrics from 1x1"; Lom­bardo, "Dialogues of Love"; Martirano,"Lo Disse Dante for Diseuse"; "Babbitt,32 "Two Sonnets for Baritone Clarinet, Viola,& Cello." Mandell Hall, 8:30 PM.December 5Lecture: "Teaching and Learning 1991:The Teaching and Learning of the SocialSciences," by Mark M. Krug, Professorof Education. Fourth in a series of elevenlectures sponsored by the Graduate Schoolof Education. Law School Auditorium,8:00 PM. �Lecture: Center for Policy Study presentsLucian Pye, Professor of Political Science,MIT. Law School Courtroom, 4: 30 PM.December 5, 7, & 9.Lecture: "Development of Science andIts Philosophy Series: Medieval Science."John Murdoch, Professor of History ofScience, Harvard. Sponsored by the NewCollegiate Division. Classics 10, 2: 30 PM.December 6Folk and Square Dancing. InternationalHouse Assembly Hall, 8:00 PM.December 7Luncheon: Executive Program Club Busi­ness Forecast Luncheon, the GraduateSchool of Business. Speakers: James H.Lorie, Professor of Business Administra­tion; Irving H. Schweiger, Professor ofMarketing; Beryl W. Sprinkel, Vice Presi­dent & Director of Research, Harris Bank.Palmer House, Chicago, 12 Noon.Lecture: "The American City: The Prob­lem of Mobility," by Richard C. Wade,Professor of History. Downtown Center,7:00 PM.Lecture: "One Hundred Years of OldWorld Archeology," by Glyn E. Daniel,Editor of Antiquity, St. John's College,Cambridge. Breasted Hall, 8: 30 PM.December 9Humanities Forum: Dinner and lectureat Quadrangle Club.Oratorio Festival: Handel's Messiah bythe Rockefeller Chapel Choir and mem­bers of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.Rockefeller Chapel, 8: 00 PM.Deans of the Big Ten Annual Meeting.Center for Continuing Education. December 11Oratorio Festival: Handel's Messiah bythe Rockefeller Chapel Choir and mem­bers of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.Rockefeller Chapel, 3: 30 PM.December 12Lecture: The New Testament Club pre­sents "Theses for Parable Interpretation"by William Doty, Professor of New Testa­ment Interpretation, Garrett TheologicalSeminary, Northwestern Univ. Swift HallCommon Room, 7: 00 PM.December 12-17The Play of Daniel. The Pro Musica ofNew York City. Rockefeller Chapel.December 13Folk and Square Dancing. InternationalHouse Assembly Hall, 8: 00 PM.December 16Works of the Mind Lecture: "Kant:What Is Experience" by Eugene Gendlin,Assistant Professor of Psychology andPhilosophy. Downtown Center, 8:00 PM.December 20Folk and Square Dancing. InternationalHouse Assembly Hall, 8: 00 PM.December 27Folk and Square Dancing. InternationalHouse Assembly Hall, 8: 00 PM.9 kad tIvlee � Qt Hty kou6e:tme bOJt 3olittW, two- bOJt b'tieWkip,' tIvlee b�'t 3ociety.-Henry David Thoreau, WaldenChicago chairs are sturdily built of northern yellowbirch in traditional designs. They are finished in blacklacquer with antique gold trim, and with the Universityseal on the backrest. The armchair is available eitherwith black or natural cherry arms.All orders are shipped express collect from the factoryin Gardner, Massachusetts. Delivery may be expected intwo to four weeks. Please make your check payable toThe University of Chicago Alumni Association. ·----------------------1I The University of Chicago Alumni Association I5733 University Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 IIPlease send__ armchairs at $40 each (black arms) IPlease send __ armchairs at $42 each (cherry arms) IIIIIIIIIII----------------------,..Please send __ Boston rockers at $35 eachPlease send __ side chairs at $25 eachName __(PLEASE PRINT)Address__We thought smallabout some verybig Americanhistorians-the result isan exciting•new series, To make sure that the writings of the great American historiansdo not become, like the dinosaurs, extinct because of their size,the University of Chicago Press is now publishing them in one­volume editions that preserve the best of these great works andare a pleasure to read.The new editions are edited by skilled historians of our ownage, who also contribute critical and biographical prefaces.These are not condensations, but selections of entire sectionsthat represent the heart of each history and preserve its originalauthor's point of view, narrative skill and style .All will be published simultaneously in cloth and paper.THE mSl'ORY OF THE CONQUESTOF MEXICOby William H. PrescottAbridged and edited by C. Harvey GardinerA dramatic presentation of the conflict betweenSpaniards and Aztecs. Originally 3 volumes.Paperback (P 237) $3.45Clothbound $8.50Paul M. Angle, General EditorHISTORY OF THE UNITED STATESFROM THE COMPROMISE OF 1850by James Ford RhodesAbridged and edited by Allan NevinsJames Ford Rhodes retired at 37, with a hugefortune and a thirst to write history. His 7-volumehistory proved him as able in scholarship as infinance. Paperback (P 238) $3.95Clothbound $10.00. THE AMERICANREVISIONISTSThe Lessons of Intervention inWorld War Iby Warren I. CohenAnalyses the intellectual move­ment after World War I thatchallenged the cliches of Ger­man responsibility for the warand the justice of U.S. interven- .tion. Charles A. Beard, HarryElmer Barnes, C. Hartley Grat­tan, Charles Tansill, and WalterMills are leading figures. $7.95 ABRAHAM LINCOLN: A HISTORYby John G. Nicelay and John HayAbridged and edited by Paul M. AngleThe authorized biography by two former privatesecretaries to Lincoln. Originally- 10 volumes.Paperback (P 236) $3.45Clothbound $8.50THE HISTORY OF THEUNITED STATES OF AMERICA FROMTHE DISCOVERY OF THE CONTINENTby George BancroftAbridged and edited by Russel B. NyeGeorge Bancroft, the first of the Romantic his­torians, was also the political boss of Massachu­setts, the Secretary of the Navy during the MexicanWar, and founder of the Academy at Annapolis.Originally 10 volumes. Paperback (P 235) $3.45Clothbound $8.50PATRONS ANDPATRIOTISMThe Encouragement of theFine Arts in the United States1790-1860by Lillian B. MillerAmericans, goaded by a sense ofcultural inferiority, encouragedthe fine arts. By exploring theirself-conscious effort, this ablehistorian explains American aes­thetic philosophy and taste in re­lation to contemporary socialand political values. Photos.$850 SLAVERY INTHE AMERICASA Comparative Study ofCuba and Virginiaby Herbert S. KleinThe conclusions and generaliza­tions pioneered by Tannenbaumand Elkins on what was uniqueabout American slavery are putto test in this exemplary com- 75th Yearparative history which is a freshand original analysis of the econ­omies of Virginia and Cuba.$6.95. UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS 1891-1966