-z-, ~~zThe University of Chicagomagazine December 1965000 Library Gift\ | || |s g 1 S! %3 | |^*#T1V f 1 i ^— . ^^^ÉThe University of Chicago magazineVolume LVIII, number 3pecember 1965Published since 1907 byTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATIONPhilip C. White, '35, PhD'38PrésidentC. Ranlet LincolnDirector of Alumni AffairsConrad KulawasEditorTHE ALUMNI FUNDErrett Van Nice, '31ChairmanHarry ShollDirectorREGIONAL REPRESENTATIVESDavid R. Leonetti20 West 43rd StreetNew York, New York 10036PEnnsylvania 6-0747Marie Stephens1195 Charles StreetPsaadena, California 91103SYcamore 3-4545Mary Leeman420 Market Street, Room 146San Francisco, California 94111YUkon 1-1180Published monthly, October throughdune, by The University of ChicagoAlumni Association, 5733 UniversityAvenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637.Annual subscription price, $5.00.second class postage paid at Chicago,JJhnois. ©Copyright 1965 TheUmversity of Chicago Magazine.AU rights reserved.Advertising rates on request. 121416 $10,000,000 Library GiftNew graduate research library tô be named in honor of Joseph RegensteinThe Two Worlds of Race (Part I)John Hope FranklinHarper Court: Symbol of a CommunityNew home for artists and artisansNotes on Population ProblemsPhilip M. HauserThe Sources of Paul Tillich's RichnessWilhelm Pauck19 Quadrangle News23 Sportshorts24 Profiles26 Club News27 Alumni News35 Memorials36 University CalendarFront Cover-Herman H. Fussler (kneeling), Director of the University Library, points outinteresting features of the new Joseph Regenstein Library to (left to right) Gaylord Donnelley, Trustée and Chairman of the campaign for Chicago; Joseph Regenstein, Jr.; andPrésident George W. Beadle.Inside Cové>r-Donald M. Levine (at left), Associate Prof essor of Sociology and SocialSciences and newly-appointed Master of the Collegiate Division of Social Sciences, withstudents in a récent Social Sciences II class.$10,000,000 Library GiftXhe Joseph and Helen Regenstein Foundation has given$10,000,000 to the University for the construction of thenew graduate research library. The gift was announced onNovember 9, just 20 days after the opening of the $ 1 60,000,-000 campaign for Chicago. The library will be named TheJoseph Regenstein Library, in honor of the late Chicagoindustrialist.The Regenstein gift is one of the largest received in thehistory of the University, and ranks among the largest giftsever made to the nation's institutions of higher éducation.The campaign for Chicago opened October 20 with theannouncement of a $25,000,000 Ford Foundation three-for-one challenge grant.The new library will cost $ 1 8,000,000 dollars. The amountrequired in excess of the Regenstein gift will corne from othersources. The first contribution to the new Library programwas a gift of $500,000 made two years ago by the HarrietPullman Schermerhorn Charitable Trust. Construction willbegin as soon as working drawings are completed. The Library was designed by Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill.Mrs. Joseph Regenstein, St., whose late husband was chair man and président of the Arvey Corporation and the VelsicolChemical Corporation, said: "Our family has been consid-ering for some time an appropriate manner to honor thememory of my husband. When we learned of the Campaignfor Chicago we immediately were impressed by the majorcomponent in the University's development plans: a newgraduate research library. Mr. Regenstein was always inter-ested in research. He was responsible for many innovationsin the paper, plastic, and petro-chemical fields. Mr. Regenstein maintained an interest in the development of the cityand its institutions. We hâve decided that the library wouldbe a particularly suitable mémorial to him."Mrs. Regenstein joined Président George W. Beadle andother University officiais at a news conférence November 9to announce the gift. Président Beadle said: "This, truly, isa significant day in the history of a University whose futurehas been shaped to a large degree by the beneficence of itsalumni, trustées, and friends."The University has spent more than two years planningits new library to insure that it would meet the exacting de-mands of contemporary and future scholarship. The JosephAnnouncing the $10,000,000 Regenstein gift: (left to right) DavidKennedy, University Trustée; Glenn Paxton, trustée of the Regen stein Foundation; Fairfax M, Cône, Chairman of the University!Board of Trustées; Président George W. Beadle; Joseph Regenstein,2Regenstein Library will provide ample space and the rightenvironment in which to house one of the great researchcollections of the world and to serve a growing student bodyand faculty. It will be highly adaptable to the inévitablechanges in teaching and research needs and to changes inthe ways in which recorded knowledge will be stored andmade available in the future. The Library will be an unsur-passed monument to learning. It is the University's primaryand most urgent need."In addition to Mrs. Regenstein and Président Beadle, theannouncement ceremony was attended by Joseph Regenstein, Jr.; Fairfax M. Cône, Chairman of the Board of Trustées; Gaylord Donnelley, Trustée and Chairman of thecampaign for Chicago; David M. Kennedy, Trustée; andEdward H. Levi, Provost.Also in attendance were Richard F. O'Brien, Vice-Présidentfor Planning and Development; Herman H. Fussler, Pro-fessor in the Graduate Library School and Director of theUniversity Library; and Glenn Paxton, trustée for the Regenstein Foundation.Mr. Donnelley said: "I hâve two reasons for being especiallyJr.; Gaylord Donnelley, University Trustée and Chairman of thecampaign for Chicago; Edward H. Levi, Provost; and Herman H. delighted by the news of the Regenstein family's gift. I amserving both as chairman of the Trustée committee concernedwith library planning and as chairman of the campaign forChicago. This unusually generous gift makes it possible forus to proceed with the library; and it also provides us, in theearly hours of an historié and unprecedented effort for theUniversity, with an enormous impetus. The Regenstein giftwill inspire ail of us as we seek additional funds to meet ourgreat goals."Joseph Regenstein, Jr., said: "My father understood theimportance of The University of Chicago. We agrée withPrésident Beadle that a new library building is vital to thecontinued pre-eminence of this institution. We feel privilegedto help make this library a reality."The Regenstein family has made several other importantcontributions to the University. Last June, Mrs. Regensteinestablished the Joseph Regenstein, Sr., Professorship ofBiological and Médical Sciences, in memory of her husband.The Professorship is held by Dr. Léon O. Jacobson, MD'39,one of the nation's leading research specialists in nuclearmedicine. Dr. Jacobson will become Dean of the Division ofFussler, Professor in the Graduate Library School and Director ofthe University Library.3Sketch of a faculty study in the Regenstein Library.Sketch of the Spécial Collections room of the Regenstein Library. Sketch of the Regenstein Library seen through Huit Gâte.4«; "PBT5/tefcA 0/ /fte Joseph Regenstein Library.the Biological Sciences January 1, 1966. The Regensteinfamily has made other gifts to the University including support for the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School and theSchool of Social Service Administration.The Joseph Regenstein Library will be five stories highand will hâve 575,000 square feet of floor space. It will bethe largest building on the University campus. It will hâvestorage space for 2.9 million books and periodicals and willhouse the Graduate Library School. The présent librarysystem has 2.4 million volumes. After completion of theJoseph Regenstein Library, the University's collection willbe expanded to a total of 5.2 million volumes.The new library building will be located on Stagg Field,just west of Bartlett Gymnasium. As part of a major programto expand and renovate the University's athletic facilities,Stagg Field will be relocated to the western end of a four-block athletics area bounded by 55th and 56th Streets, andCottage Grove and Ellis Avenues. A new men's gymnasium,a swimming pool, and additional student facilities are plannedfor this area. Bartlett Gymnasium will be remodeled for useby women.Herman H. Fussler, Director of the University Library,said: "The Joseph Regenstein Library will provide the University with a truly distinguished facility. In the new building,collections will be arranged so both the scholar workingintensively in a concentrated subject field and a scholar whosesources must be drawn from many différent subjects can work with extraordinary efficiency. Our tradition of inter-disciplinary studies makes the establishment of such a librarya milestone in the intellectual development of this University."The new library building will hâve a seating capacity of2,400. It will hâve 260 faculty units, open 24 hours a day.Five areas for spécial académie studies will be arrangedin the new building. Thèse areas will serve scholars interestedin (1) business, économies, and geography maps; (2) lan-guages and literature, history, anthropology, political science, and sociology; (3) éducation and psychology; (4)near Eastern studies and philosophy; (5) far Easternstudies.The Regenstein Library will include provisions for modemelectronic Systems designed to improve the access of scholarsto recorded knowledge and information, such as : ( 1 ) directinput from the Library either to the University's main computer center or to a library computer, or both; (2) floorconduits for easy and flexible computer console and displayconnections at various points in the building; (3) provisionfor the future installation of teaching machines, closed-circuittélévision, and other information-handling de vices; (4) high-speed book-paging services, and photocopying and microtextreading facilities; (5) provision for a book-carrying pneu-matic tube to link the Library with one or more future com-ponents of the University's library system, making theresources of one library rapidly available to another. ?5The Two Worlds of Raceby John Hope Franklin Part OneM.easured by universal standards the history of theUnited States is indeed brief. But during the brief span ofthree and one-half centuries of colonial and national historyAmerican developed traditions and préjudices which createdthe two worlds of race in modem America. From the timethat Africans were brought as indentured servants to themainland of English America in 1619, the enormous task ofrationalizing and justifying the forced labor of peoples onthe basis of racial différences was begun; and even after légalslavery was ended, the notion of racial différences persistedas a basis for maintaining ségrégation and discrimination. Atthe same time, the effort to establish a more healthy basis forthe new world social order was begun, thus launching thecontinuing battle between the two worlds of race, on the onehand, and the world of equality and complète human fellow-ship, on the other.For a century before the American Révolution the statusof Negroes in the English colonies had become fixed at a lowpoint that distinguished them from ail other persons who hadbeen held in temporary bondage. By the middle of the eight-eenth century, laws governing Negroes denied to them certain basic rights that were conceded to others. They werepermitted no independence of thought, no opportunity toimprove their minds or their talents or to worship freely,no right to marry and enjoy the conventional family rela-tionships, no right to own or dispose of property, and no protection against miscarriages of justice or cruel and unreason-able punishments. They were outside the pale of the lawsthat protected ordinary humans. In most places they wereto be governed, as the South Carolina code of 1 7 1 2 expressedit, by spécial laws "as may restrain the disorders, rapines,and inhumanity to which they are naturally prone and in-clined ..." A separate world for them had been establishedby law and custom. Its dimensions and the conduct of itsinhabitants were determined by those living in a quite différent world.By the time that the colonists took up arms against theirmother country in order to secure their independence, theworld of Negro slavery had become deeply entrenched andthe idea of Negro inferiority well established. But the dilem-mas inhérent in such a situation were a source of constantembarrassment. "It always appeared a most iniquitousscheme to me," Mrs. John Adams wrote her husband in1774, "to fight ourselves for what we are daily robbing and plundering from those who hâve as good a right to freedomas we hâve." There were others who shared her views, butthey were unable to wield much influence. When the fightingbegan General George Washington issued an order to re-cruiting officers that they were not to enlist "any déserterfrom the ministerial army, nor any stroller, negro, or vagabond, or person suspected of being an enemy to the libertyof America nor any under eighteen years of âge." In classify-ing Negroes with the dregs of society, traitors, and children,Washington made it clear that Negroes, slave or free, werenot to enjoy the high privilège of fighting for political independence. He would change that order later, but only afterit became clear that Negroes were enlisting with the "ministerial army" in droves in order to secure their own freedom.In changing his policy if not his views, Washington availedhimself of the services of more than 5,000 Negroes who tookup arms against England.Many Americans besides Mrs. Adams were struck by theinconsistency of their stand during the War for Independence,and they were not averse to making moves to emancipatethe slaves. Quakers and other religious groups organizedantislavery societies, while numerous individuals manu-mitted their slaves. In the years following the close of thewar most of the states of the East made provisions for thegraduai émancipation of slaves. In the South, meanwhile, theantislavery societies were unable to effect programs of state-wide émancipation. When the Southerners came to the Con-stitutional Convention in 1787 they succeeded in winningsome représentation on the basis of slavery, in securing fédéral support of the capture and rendition of fugitive slaves,and in preventing the closing of the slave trade before 1808.Even where the sentiment favoring émancipation was pro-nounced, it was seldom accompanied by a view that Negroeswere the equals of whites and should become a part of onefamily of Americans. Jefferson, for example, was opposedto slavery; and if he could hâve had his way, he would hâvecondemned it in the Déclaration of Independence. It did notfollow, however, that he believed Negroes to be the equalsof whites. He did not want to "dégrade a whole race of menfrom the work in the scale of beings which their Creator mayperhaps hâve given them. ... I advance it therefore, as asuspicion only, that the blacks, whether originally a distinctrace, or made distinct by time and circumstance, are infe-rior to the whites in the endowment both of body and mind."6It is entirely possible that Jefferson's later association withthe extraordinarily able Negro astronomer and mathemati-cian, Benjamin Banneker, resulted in some modification ofhis views. After reading a copy of Banneker's almanac, Jef-ferson told him that it was "a document to which your wholerace had a right for its justifications against the doubts whichhâve been entertained of them."In communities such as Philadelphia and New York, wherethe climate was more f avorably disposed to the idea of Negroequality than in Jefferson's Virginia, few concessions weremade? except by a limited number of Quakers and their associâtes, ïndeed, the white citizens in the City of BrotherlyLove contributed substantially to the perpétuation of twodistinct worlds of race. In the 1780's, the white Methodistspermitted Negroes to worship with them, provided the Negroes sat in a designated place in the balcony. On one occasion, when the Negro worshippers occupied the front rows ofthe balcony, from which they had been excluded, the officiaispulled them from their knees during prayer and evicted themfrom the church. Thus, in the early days of the Republicand in the place where the Republic was founded, Negroeshad a definite "place" in which they were expected at ailtimes to remain. The white Methodists of New York hadmuch the same attitude toward their Negro fellows. Soon,there were separate Negro churches in thèse and other communities. Baptists were very much the same. In 1 809 thirteenNegro members of a white Baptist church in Philadelphiawere dismissed, and they formed a church of their own. Thus,the earliest Negro religious institutions emerged as the resuitof the rejection by white communicants of their darker fellowworshippers. Soon there would be other institutions— schools,newspapers, benevolent societies— to serve those who livedin a world apart.Those Americans who conceded the importance of éducation for Negroes tended to favor some particular type ofJohn Hope Franklin, Professor of History, has written widely on thehistory of the American Negro. His books include From Slavery tofreedom: A History of American Negroes, Militant South, Reconstruction After the Civil War, and The Emancipation Proclamation.The présent article is taken from Professor Franklin's article in theFall, 1965, issue of Daedalus, the journal of the American Academy°f Arts and Sciences, a spécial issue on "The Negro American,"which contributed source material to the White House Conférenceon the Negro. Illustrations by Virgil Burnett.7éducation that would be in keeping with their lowly stationin life. In 1794, for example, the American Convention ofAbolition Societies recommended that Negroes be instructedin "those mechanic arts which will keep them most constantlyemployed and, of course, which will less subject them toidleness and debauchery, and thus prépare them for becom-ing good citizens of the United States." When Anthony Bene-zet, a dedicated Pennsylvania abolitionist, died in 1784 hiswill provided that on the death of his wife the proceeds ofhis estate should be used to assist in the establishment of aschool for Negroes. In 1 787 the school of which Benezet haddreamed was opened in Philadelphia, where the pupilsstudied reading, writing, arithmetic, plain accounts, andsewing.Americans who were at ail interested in the éducation ofNegroes regarded it as both natural and normal that Negroesshould receive their training in separate schools. As earlyas 1773 Newport, Rhode Island, had a colored school, main-tained by a society of benevolent clergymen of the AnglicanChurch. In 1 798 a separate private school for Negro childrenwas established in Boston; and two décades later the cityopened its first public primary school for the éducation ofNegro children. Meanwhile, New York had established separate schools, the first one opening its doors in 1 790. By 1 8 1 4there were several such institutions that were generally desig-nated as the New York African Free Schools.Thus, in the most libéral section of the country, the gêneraiview was that Negroes should be kept out of the main streamof American life. They were forced to establish and maintaintheir own religious institutions, which were frequently fol-lowed by the establishment of separate benevolent societies.Likewise, if Negroes were to receive any éducation, it shouldbe spécial éducation provided in separate educational institutions. This principle prevailed in most places in the Norththroughout the period before the Civil War. In some Massachusetts towns, however, Negroes gained admission toschools that had been maintained for whites. But the SchoolCommittee of Boston refused to admit Negroes, arguingthat the natural distinction of the races, which "no législature,no social customs, can efface renders a promiscuous inter-mingling in the public schools disadvantageous both to themand to the whites." Separate schools remained in Boston untilthe Massachusetts législature in 1855 enacted a law provid-ing that in determining the qualifications of students to be admitted to any public school no distinction should be madeon account of the race, color, or religious opinion of theapplicant.Meanwhile, in the Southern states, where the vast majorityof the Negroes lived, there were no concessions suggestingequal treatment, even among the most libéral éléments. Onegroup that would doubtless hâve regarded itself as libéralon the race question advocated the déportation of Negroesto Africa, especially those who had become free. Since freeNegroes "neither enjoyed the immunities of freemen, norwere they subject to the incapacities of slaves," their condition and "unconquerable préjudices" prevented amalgamation with whites, one colonization leader argued. There was,therefore, a "peculiar moral fitness" in restoring them to"the land of their fathers." Men like Henry Clay, JudgeBushrod Washington, and Président James Monroe thoughtthat séparation— expatriation— was the best thing for Negroeswho were or who would become free.While the colonization scheme was primarily for Negroeswho were already free, it won, for a time, a considérablenumber of sincère enemies of slavery. From the beginningNegroes were bitterly opposed to it, and only infrequentlydid certain Negro leaders, such as Dr. Martin Delany andthe Révérend Henry M. Turner, support the idea. Colonization, however, retained considérable support in the mostresponsible quarters. As late as the Civil War, PrésidentLincoln urged Congress to adopt a plan to colonize Negroes,as the only workable solution to the race problem in theUnited States. Whether the advocates of colonization wantedmerely to prevent the contamination of slavery by free Negroes or whether they actually regarded it as the just andhonorable thing to do, they represented an important ele-8ment in the population that rejected the idea of the Negro'sassimilation into the main stream of American life.Thus, within fifty years after the Déclaration of Independence was written, the institution of slavery, which receivedonly a temporary reversai during the Revolutionary era, contributed greatly to the émergence of the two worlds of racein the United States. The natural rights philosophy appearedto hâve little effect on those who became committed, moreand more, to seeking a rationalization for slavery. The searchwas apparently so successful that even in areas where slaverywas declining, the support for maintaining two worlds ofrace was strong. Since the Negro church and school emergedin Northern communities where slavery was dying, it maybe said that the free society believed almost as strongly inracial séparation as it did in racial freedom.TJL he génération preceding the outbreak of the Civil Warwitnessed the development of a set of défenses of slavery thatbecame the basis for much of the racist doctrine to whichsome Americans hâve subscribed from then to the présenttime The idea of the inferiority of the Negro enjoyed wideacceptance among Southerners of ail classes and among manyNortherners. It was an important ingrédient in the theoryof society promulgated by Southern thinkers and leaders.It was organized into a body of systematic thought by thescientists and social scientists of the South, out of whichemerged a doctrine of racial superiority that justified anykind of control over the slave. In 1826 Dr. Thomas Coopersaid that he had not the slightest doubt that Negroes werean "inferior variety of the human species; and not capableof the same improvement as the whites." Dr. S. C. Cartwrightof the University of Louisiana insisted that the capacities ofthe Negro adult for learning were equal to those of a whiteinfant; and the Negro could properly perform certain physio-logical functions only when under the control of white men.Because of the Negro's inferiority, liberty and republicaninstitutions were not only unsuited to his tempérament, butactually inimical to his well-being and happiness.Like racists in other parts of the world, Southerners soughtsupport for their ideology by developing a common bondwith the less privileged. The obvious basis was race; andoutside the white race there was to be found no favor from God, no honor or respect from man. By the time that Euro-peans were reading Gobineau's Inequality of Races, Southerners were reading Cartwright's Slavery in the Light ofEthnology. In admitting ail whites into the pseudo-nobilityof race, Cartwright won their enthusiastic support in thestruggle to préserve the integrity and honor of the race. Professor Thomas R. Dew of the Collège of William and Marycomforted the lower-class whites by indicating that theycould identify with the most privileged and affluent of thecommunity. In the South, he said, "no white man feels suchinferiority of rank as to be unworthy of association with thosearound him. Color alone is hère the badge of distinction, thetrue mark of aristocracy, and ail who are white are equal inspite of the variety of occupation."Many Northerners were not without their own racist viewsand policies in the turbulent décades before the Civil War.Some, as Professor Louis Filler has observed, displayed ahatred of Negroes that gave them a sensé of superiority andan outlet for their frustrations. Others cared nothing oneway or the other about Negroes and demanded only thatthey be kept separate. Even some of the abolitionists them-selves were ambivalent on the question of Negro equality.More than one antislavery society was agitated by the suggestion that Negroes be invited to join. Some membersthought it reasonable for them to attend, but not to be puton an "equality with ourselves." The New York abolitionist,Lewis Tappan, admitted "that when the subject of actingout our profound principles in treating men irrespective ofcolor is discussed heat is always produced."In the final years before the beginning of the Civil War,the view that the Negro was différent, even inferior, waswidely held in the United States. Leaders in both majorparties subscribed to the view, while the more extrême racistsdeplored any suggestion that the Negro could ever prosperas a free man. At Peoria, Illinois, in October 1 854, AbrahamLincoln asked what stand the opponents of slavery shouldtake regarding Negroes. "Free them, and make them politi-cally and socially, our equals? My own feelings will not admitof this; and if mine would, we well know that those of thegreat mass of white people will not. Whether this feelingaccords with justice and sound judgment, is not the sole question, if indeed, it is any part of it. A universal feeling, whetherwell or ill founded, cannot be safely disregarded. We can-not, then, make them equals."9The Lincoln statement was forthright, and it doubtlessrepresented the views of most Americans in the 1 850's. Mostof those who heard him or read his speech were of the sameopinion as he. In later years, the Peoria pronouncementwould be used by those who sought to detract from Lincoln'sréputation as a champion of the rights of the Negro. In 1 964,the White Citizens' Councils reprinted portions of the speechin large advertisements in the daily press and insisted thatLincoln shared their views on the desirability of maintainingtwo distinct worlds of race.Lincoln could not hâve overcome the nation' s strong prédisposition toward racial séparation if he had tried. And hedid not try very hard. When he called for the enlistment ofNegro troops, after issuing the Emancipation Proclamation,he was content not only to set Negroes apart in a unit called"U. S. Colored Troops," but also to hâve Negro privâtesreceive $10 per month including clothing, while whites of the same rank received $13 per month plus clothing. Onlythe stubborn refusai of many Negro troops to accept dis-criminatory pay finally forced Congress to equalize compensation for white and Negro soldiers. The fight for unionthat became also a fight for freedom never became a fight forequality or for the création of one racial world.The Lincoln and Johnson plans for settling the problems ofpeace and freedom never seriously touched on the concomitant problem of equality. To be sure, in 1864 PrésidentLincoln privately raised with the governor of Louisiana thequestion of the franchise for a limited number of Negroes,but when the governor ignored the question the Présidentlet the matter drop. Johnson raised a similar question in1866, but he admitted that it was merely to frustrate thedesign of radical reformers who sought a wider franchise forNegroes. During the two years folio wing Appomattox Southern leaders gave not the slightest considération to permittingany Negroes, regardless of their service to the Union or theiréducation or their property, to share in the political life oftheir communities. Not only did every Southern state refuseto permit Negroes to vote, but they also refused to provideNegroes with any of the educational opportunities that theywere providing for the whites.The early practice of political disfranchisement and of exclusion from public educational facilities helped to déterminesubséquent policies that the South adopted regarding Negroes. While a few leaders raised their voices against thèsepolicies and practices, it was Negroes themselves who madethe most éloquent attacks on such discriminations. As earlyas May 1 865, a group of North Carolina Negroes told Président Johnson that some of them had been soldiers and weredoing everything possible to learn how to discharge the higherduties of citizenship. "It seems to us that men who are will-ing on the field of battle to carry the muskets of the Republic,in the days of peace ought to be permitted to carry the ballots;and certainly we cannot understand the justice of denying theélective franchise to men who hâve been fighting for thecountry, while it is freely given to men who hâve just returnedfrom four years fighting against it." Such pleas fell on deafears, however; and it was not until 1 867, when Congress wassufficiently outraged by the inhuman black codes, widespreaddiscriminations in the South, and unspeakable forms of violence against Negroes, that new fédéral législation sought tocorrect the evils of the first period of Reconstruction.10The period that we know as Radical Reconstruction had nosignificant or permanent effect on the status of the Negroin American life. For a period of time, varying from oneyear to fifteen or twenty years, some Negroes enjoyed theprivilège of voting. They gained political ascendancy in avery few communities only temporarily, and they never evenbegan to achieve the status of a ruling class. They made nomeaningful steps toward économie independence or evenstability; and in no time at ail, because of the pressures ofthe local community and the neglect of the fédéral govern-ment, they were brought under the complète économie sub-servience of the old ruling class. Organizations such as theKu Klux Klan were committed to violent action to keepNegroes "in their place" and, having gained respectabilitythrough sponsorship by Confederate gênerais and the like,they proceeded to wreak havoc in the name of white suprem-acy and protection of white womanhood.Meanwhile, various forms of ségrégation and discrimination, developed in the years before the Civil War in orderto dégrade the half million free Negroes in the United States,were now applied to the four million Negroes who had become free in 1865. Already the churches and the militarywere completely segregated. For the most part the schools,even in the North, were separate. In the South segregatedschools persisted, even in the places where the radicals madea half-hearted attempt to desegregate them. In 1875 Congress enacted a Civil Rights Act to guarantee the enjoymentof equal rights in carriers and ail places of public accommodation and amusement. Even before it became law Northernphilanthropists succeeded in forcing the deletion of the provision calling for desegregated schools. Soon, because of themassive résistance in the North as well as in the South andthe indiffèrent manner in which the fédéral government en-forced the law, it soon became a dead letter everywhere.When it was declared unconstitutional by the Suprême Courtin 1883, there was universal rejoicing, except among theNegroes, one of whom declared that they had been "baptizedin ice water."Neither the Civil War nor the era of Reconstruction madeany significant step toward the permanent élimination ofracial barriers. The radicals of the post-Civil War years cameno closer to the création of one racial world than the patriotsof the Revolutionary years. When Negroes were, for the firsttime, enrolled in the standing army of the United States, they were placed in separate Negro units. Most of the libérais ofthe Reconstruction era called for and worked for separateschools for Negroes. Nowhere was there any extensive effortto involve Negroes in the churches and other social institutions of the dominant group. Whatever remained of the oldabolitionist f ervor, which can hardly be described as unequiv-ocal on the question of true racial equality, was rapidly dis-appearing. In its place were the sentiments of the businessmen who wanted peace at any price. Those having commonrailroad interests or crop-marketing interests or investmentinterests could and did extend their hands across sectionalUnes and joined in the task of working together for the common good. In such an atmosphère the practice was to acceptthe realities of two separate worlds of race. Some even subscribed to the view that there were significant économieadvantages in maintaining the two worlds of race.(To be concluded next month.)11Harper Court: Symbol of a CommunityH arper Court began with an enduring tradition in theUniversity community: a spécial fondness for the neighbor-hood's bookshops, artists, potters, curio-sellers, and othertiny shops. Thèse struggling artisans and businessmen wereinvariably housed where the rest was lowest, in the commu-nity's poorest buildings — such as the long-condemned butonly recently razed 57th Street Art Colony, a temporarywooden structure built for the Columbian Exposiion of1893. But what the studios and little shops lacked in élégance they made up in charm, and community résidentsloved them. When they were displaced by the neighbor-hood's extensive urban renewal program, résidents weredetermined to préserve the mystique which they contributedto the community. Their new home, Harper Court, is theresuit. It is located at 52nd St. and Harper Ave.Harper Court officially opened its doors on July 29thwith a dedication ceremony which included speeches, fire-works, a balloon launching, and music by the Fifth ArmyBand. Over 500 applications for tenancy were made for theThe recently razed 57 th Street Art Colony 27 units available in the three buildings. Two of the acceptedtenants — a folk music and instrument shop and a bookseller- are from the old Art Colony. The remainder are a mixture of artisans and other businesses. Other tenants in-clude a candlemaker, a potter, a gallery of hand-craftedprimitive art, a fabric shop with a do-it-yourself loom, adress designer, a pet shop, a children's shop, a lamp shop,a restaurant, and three art galleries, one of them for artfaculty members from the Chicago area.Leadership for the project was provided by the HarperCourt Foundation, a community group including manyalumni and headed by Muriel Beadle, wife of PrésidentGeorge W. Beadle. Albert M. Hayes and Edward W. Rosen-heim of the University faculty are members of the HarperCourt Foundation, and alumni members include Martin A.Cohen, Mrs. William Gist, Martin Lieberman, RichardOrlikoff, Mrs. Eleanor Petersen, Bruce Sagan, Calvin P.Sawyier, Mrs. Herman Sinaiko, George H. Watkins, andMrs. Philip Williams.12One of Harper Court' s three buildings.George H. Watkins, '36, master of cérémonies at Harper Courts dedication.Mrs. George W. Beadle, président of the Harper Court Foundation, at the dedication.Inside "The Fret Shop," relocated from the 57 th Street Art Colony to Harper Court.13Notes on Population Problemsby Philip M. HauserA-Jet me provide some quick perspectives as a backdropfor looking ahead. Man has been on this planet perhaps twomillion years. We hâve lived in permanent settlements foronly ten thousand years, since the Neolithic period. Wehâve lived in cities of a million or more in prolifération foronly a century and a half . We still hâve patterns of thoughtand action that had their origin in societies utterly différentfrom those which confront contemporary man. It's theadaptation of the social order and patterns of thought andaction which constitutes the framework for looking aheador making any projections.Wearing the hat of a demographer, I would say that of themany problems of adaptation to the rapidly changing phys-ical and social world, the chief problem which confrontsour society in the décade ahead is the control of the numberand quality of our population. We now hâve some 3.3 billion people on the earth. Within ten years, at présent growthrates, this will be 3.9 billion people, an addition of 60million a year, or 165,000 a day. This adds a new Chicagoto the population of this planet every 18 days.If we look at it from the standpoint of the national scène,we now hâve a population of 195 million people. Within tenyears this will be 226 million. This is an addition of overthree million per year, or ten thousand a day. This meansthat the United States alone is producing the population ofalmost a new Chicago every year.In a décade, the numerical increase alone will not becomea serious problem. However, if you project the présent rateof world population growth at two percent per annum, arate which doubles the population every 35 years, then within 650 years— a small fraction of time certainly, in terms ofthe evolutionary perspective of man — there would be oneperson for every square foot of land surface on the globe.In 1550 years the mass weight of the human populationwould equal that of the planet itself .On the world order, the rate of population growth to whichI refer and the increases which are in prospect — and espe-Philip M. Hauser is Professor of Sociology and Director of the Population Research and Training Center and of the Chicago CommunityInventory. This article is taken from Mr. Hauser's remarks at theFaculty Roundtable, part of the alumni reunion program on June12, 1965. The Roundtable, which included questions from the audience, was a discussion on issues facing our society now and in thenext décade. Also participating were Professors Bruno Bettelheim,Hans J. Morgenthau, and the late Samuel K. Allison. cially the increases in economically underdeveloped areasof the globe — make the prospect of improving the qualityof the population for the remainder of this century, letalone the next décade, virtually impossible. Within thecourse of this century, at présent rates of growth, the population of the underdeveloped areas alone in Asia, LatinAmerica, and Africa, will increase by a number greaterthan ail of the persons at présent alive on this planet. Thatis, the underdeveloped areas may increase by 3.7 billionpeople during the second half of this century, at présentgrowth rates, whereas the total world population is now 3.3billions.The prospect of the underdeveloped areas achieving higherlevels of living is extremely remote. They would hâve toachieve an 1 1 percent per annum increase in national prod-uct each year for the remainder of the century in order tomatch the 1 962 level of living in North America by the year2000. One way to illustrate that 1 1 percent per annum increase in national product is to recall that ail this fabulousnation has ever averaged over any long periods of time isapproximately three percent per annum. India is faced withachieving an 1 1 percent growth rate per annum for a halfcentury if it would match our level of living as it was in1962, let alone in terms of what it may be by the year 2000.On a national level, the prospect of greatly improving thequality of our population within the course of ten years isalso dismal. We've created a situation where relatively largeportions of our population are subject to what we are nowofïïcially calling poverty . What are the prospects for improving the quality of that part of the population which is nowpoverty-stricken and which includes well over half of thepopulation which is Negro?13A \l ecently I made some calculations derived from censusdata that strike me as among the most dismal statistics Fveever seen in my career. If you consider ail families withchildren under 18 in the United States, as of 1963, and useas a measuring rod of poverty the officiai measuring rod nowused by the fédéral government — which in effect allows afamily 22 cents per person per meal, below which they arein poverty — then 22 percent of our children in families having children under 18 and 49 percent of the children in14families having five or more children are now being rearedin poverty. Thèse are national figures.If you consider the Negro family, however, this is whathappens: of ail children in Negro families having childrenunder 1 8 years of âge, 62 percent — almost two-thirds — arenow being reared in poverty. If you consider Negro childrenin families having five or more children, 81 percent of thosechildren are today being reared in poverty in the UnitedStates. If you use the magnanimous criterion of povertywhich allows 28 cents per meal per person, then of ailNegro children in families having five or more children inthe United States, 94 percent are being reared in poverty.Under those conditions, I need hardly emphasize the implications for expecting the improvement of the quality ofhuman beings.Unfortunately, there is nothing in sight that will greatlydiminish the rates of population growth, either on the worldlevel or the national level, within the next décade. There isvery little in sight that can lead us to expect any great improvement in the quality of the human population, becausethe improvement in quality is not to be measured in yearsor in décades, but in générations. It is clear that over thenext ten years, from where I sit, we will just hâve morepeople and more people of low quality, and the outlookseems dismal indeed.Mr. Hauser, I am very skeptical about population projections. How can you say that 500 years from now there willbe such and such a number of population?There never has been a demographer's projection that waswrong, and I'm delighted at this opportunity to carry en-lightenment to some of my colleagues as well as to some ofmy fellow alumni, because I think it is important to recog-nize this. A projection is never wrong unless there is amistake in arithmetic, and computers now make this verydifficult to do — even though the computer is the only thingthe human mind has yet devised that can make 250,000mistakes per second. Assuming that the arithmetic is correct, the projection is nothing but a model. No demographerin his right sensé has ever said a projection is a prédiction,because the one thing we know, and Fve been at it for 35years now, is that we don't know how to predict futurepopulation.You might well ask why we bother with thèse projections.What the projections tell you is what would happen if the Philip M. Hauserassumptions built into our models continue to operate. Wedon't know whether or not the two percent per annumpopulation growth rate will continue. However, if you say,"Why do you bother us with thèse things if they are notprédictions?" the answer is that the alternative to no projections may be complète ignorance.The major error in projections which has been made, ifyou look at them as prédictions, has been in understatingwhat the future population would be. Absolutely no oneanticipated the remarkable control of mortality and theremarkable decreases in the death rate which hâve beenachieved. Let me illustrate this: in 1 850, in Western civiliza-tion, of ail children born in a given year, one-fourth weredead by âge 10 and one-half were dead by âge 45. In 1950,of ail children born during a given year, one-fourth wouldnot be dead until âge 60 — an increase in life-expectancyfor this group from âge 10 to âge 60! One-half would notbe dead until âge 70. In fact, the white female in our societyhas become comparatively indestructible. She now enjoysan expectation of over 76 years of life, while the maie canbarely expect 70. The death rates in the underdevelopedareas of the world are coming down much more rapidlythan they did in the West. The reason is that the wholeproduct of three centuries of work in achieving our owndecreases in mortality is available to those areas in a singleshipload. It took us three centuries to produce the agricul-tural improvements, the antiseptics, medicines, and pesticides which the underdeveloped world today can adoptinstantly. Latin America has a population growth rate inexcess of three percent per year, which doubles the population every 23 years, while in the history of the Westernworld, no nations without immigration increased more thanone percent per year.In Western civilization, population is virtually completelyunder control. With the présent death rates in the UnitedStates, we could maintain a stationary population if eachcouple would not hâve more than 2.27 children. Only sixpercent of the couples in this country never hâve and insistthey never will limit the number of their children. To control our own population problems, we hâve to do just a littlebit more of what we are already doing. The real problem iswith the two-thirds of the world's population which do notyet hâve any form of birth control but are getting ail theadvantages of our three centuries of death control. ?15by Wilhelm PauckJveryone among us who has known, respected, or lovedPaul Tillich, has sensed that he was endowed with extra-ordinary gifts, and that he was a man of great spiritual andintellectual riches. As we mourn his death, we can say that,because of his gifts, he fuîfilîed himself .He embodied in his person a marvelously varied héritagewhich he deepened and expanded throughout the years ofhis long life.In ail his works and throughout his activities, Paul Tillichgave expression to this dimension of life in which man is mostauthenticalîy human. One can say, I beiieve, that he exer-cised the responsibility for a créative réception of his ownîegacy in a highly personai way. He was acutely aware of hisindebtedness to his parents, especially his father, and heremembered in very poignant ways what he owed to histeachers. Moreover, throughout his life, he expressed gratitude to the friends of his youth for what they had given tohim, and in his mind he carried vivid memories of the timesand circumstances when he had learned something new.His thinking was autobiographical in a remarkable way.That is why, in the introduction to his books, he tended tointerpret his subjects by référence to the way in which theyhad become important to him in his own development. Thushis readers came to know him more personally than authorsare generalîy known to their audience. The same can be saidabout the effect of his lectures, because he made his hearersfeeî how he himself had become invoîved in what he wasspeaking to them about, and he liked to refer to the décisiveencounters or occasions which had aroused or stimulatednew turns in his thinking. Also, he never failed to let hisreaders and hearers know what he owed to his classicaltraining and what he had received from certain teachers.In a simiîar way, Paul Tillich dealt with the rich Iegacy ofthe thinkers whose methods or ideas he adopted for himself.He knew them thoroughiy. Having thought through what heread of them, he freely made them his own. This is the reasonwhy he was not a scholar in the strict sensé of the word butrather a wise man, not a man of learning so much as an intuitive, créative thinker.Wilheîm Pauck is îhe Charles A. Briggs Professor of Church Historyat Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He was Professorof Historicaî Theology at the University's Divinity School from 1939to 1952. This article is excerpted from his address at the mémorialservices for Paul Tillich heîd October 29 at Rockefeller MémorialChapel. Paul Tillich died in Chicago October 22, at the âge of 79. As a teacher and writer, he was first of ail an interpréterof theology who addressed himself to the contemporain refr.gious situation. But what a wealth of historicaî thought hebrought to bear on his endeavor to reeder theological Ideasand doctrines meaningfui for today! Tillich again and againcoursed through the history of western thought, backwardto the early Greeks and forward to the présent day, deeplystirred up and stimulated by the impetus he had received fromthe thought of those who had revolutionized the modem intellectual world— Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Marx, and Freud.e must consider what it meant for Tillich that hiscareer took its course through three distinct periods of western history and that he experienced them by participatingdeeply in them as a passionately responsible contemporary.He grew up and reached manhood during the last andmature phase of the civilization of the nineteenth centurywhen men, especially men of Germany, content with îhe factthat they had succeeded in maintaining peace in the worldfor several décades. They were confident that this wouldremain so, possibly forever, and therefore circled arcundtheir own self-sufficiency. Then he experienced the collapseof this world in the First World War, during which he servedas a chaplain in the German army.As he commenced his career as a university teacher in 1919,in Berlin, aîl he had absorbed of the cultural life had, he felt,a break in it. The German nation, western civilization, man-kind had to be renewed and healed. Tillich was resolved tohelp bring about this renewal. He became one of those Ger-mans who believed that the downfall of the militaristic-national monarchies of Europe and the rise of sociafistdemocracies set the stage for a gênerai cuituraî reformationin accordance with the vision of a new humanism that wasintended to be true to the requirenients of modem life aswell as to the ideals of Jewish, Greek, and Christian origins.Holding successive professorships at Marburg, Dresden,and Frankfurt, he was at the same time a prominent leaderof the Religious Socialists. They faoped to save the socialistparties from falling victim to utopianism by suffusing theiroutlook with the teachings of what Tillich called "belief-fulrealism." They also hoped to save the Christian churchesfrom becoming socially and poîiticaliy irrelevant by causiog16Paul Tillich17them to concern themselves constructively with the problemsof modem technological-industrial society. Hitler and theNazis put an end to ail this.Paul Tillich was dismissed from his professorship. Thehopes he had cherished were dashed. What he had corne tofear with increasing clarity had corne to pass.Powerless and impoverished, he emigrated to this country,where Union Theological Seminary gave him the chance torebuild his career, While he struggled to learn the Englishlanguage and became acquainted with the ways of Americanacadémie institutions, he joined the Fellowship of SocialistChristians led by Reinhold Niebuhr, and thus was initiatedinto a characteristically American form of social criticismand activism, just at the time when the New Deal program ofFranklin D. Roosevelt took shape. He also assumed thechairmanship of the organization known as "Self-Help,"which assisted German refugees in their attempt to get a foot-hold and fresh start in this country. Thus his interests con-tinued to be concentrated on political developments and,within his own circles, he remained in politics.During the Second World War, he hoped that once victoryover Hitler was achieved, a constructive peace seulementwould be made within the establishment of a United Europesupported by an international union of the nations of theworld. When it became clear that thèse aims could not beattained, Paul Tillich resignedly proclaimed the doctrineof "the sacred void," which means that as long as it provesimpossible to formulate and exécute a realistic program forworld reconstruction, men must wait responsibly for the rightmoment, ready to take advantage of the opportunities ofthat moment when it cornes.Without giving up his keen interest in political and socialaffairs, he then turned to the task of writing his SystematicTheology, which he had first projected in Marburg in 1925.He lectured on it throughout the folio wirig years. When itwas finally completed in 1963, it was recognized everywhereas a constructive work of greatest importance. This systematic theology is utterly différent from similar works becauseit bears the marks of having been written by one who, onpassing with utmost consciousness through great historicaîchanges, had never ceased to think of plans of action forhimself and his fellow men through which a true humanitywould be realizedpJL aul Tillich had a clear sensé of vocation. He felt himselfcalled to be a teacher who, having corne to know the questions of his pupils, helped them to find answers. He fulfilledthis calling with an intense consciousness. He was al way sawake to ail the possibilities of any occasion and eager tocomprehend the meaning contained in thèse possibilities.That is why he was such an extraordinarily effective lecturer.Despite the fact that he used hardly any oratorical or rhetor-ical tricks— for he always spoke in a quiet, even tone of voice — he deeply aroused his hearers, giving them the sure feelingthat he understood them and their basic questions and thathe could speak to them helpfully. Yet he never gave easyanswers. My whole theological work, he said recently, hasbeen directed to the interprétation of religious symbols insuch a way that the secular man— and we are ail secular^can under stand and be moved by them. In order to accom-plish this end he had trained himself to think of each problemin the fullest possible context, and at the same time with thegreatest possible clarity. He combined the art of dialecticalwith that of systematic thinking, seeking for truth by talkingwith others from différent points of view, moving throughYes and No, and then proceeding to put the results of suchthinking together in an orderly system of thought. He wasat the same time a sharp critical analyst and a highly skillfulconstructive thinker.Many people found his thought difficult and some eventurned away from him because they felt that his ideas weretoo involved, or too abstract. But he was certain he was livingup to his calling. He regarded the intellect as a God-givenfunction which has to be used to the fullest extent. To thinkabout the structure of reality was, he firmly believed, thetheologian's job. He adhered to the discipline which thisrequired from the beginning of his career to its end. Throughout his life he produced ideas which startled those who re-ceived them because they were so illuminating or helpful.At ail times Tillich was willing to share what he possessed.Though he kept and guarded the secret of his own personal-ity for himself, his mind was wonderfully open to the con-'cerns of others and he liberMly gave to them of the treasuresof his own life. This is why his death now leaves a void inthe lives of many ail over the world.He loved to be with and among people and to discuss withthem almost any question that happened to be brought up.Throughout his life, from the days of his youth until theyears of his old âge, he learned more from conversations,discussions and debates than from books, although havingsaid this, I must hasten to add that he diligently and industri-ously read many books. In a letter to Thomas Mann, writtenon May 23, 1943, in which he reviewed his student years,he wrote: The summer semester of 1907 , when 1 was thepresiding officer of the student-corporation "Wingolf,"numbering then about seventy men, appears to me untiltoday as the greatest period of my life. What I hâve becomeas a theologian, a philosopher, a man, I owe partly to myprof essors but mostly to this fraternity. The theological andphilosophical debates we had then till late after midnightand the personal conversations before dawn, hâve remaineddécisive for my entire life.This is a confession which is very characteristic of PaulTillich. He was always a mediator and a bridge-builder,living and working in the midst of men, at ail times sur-rounded by a cloud of witnesses with each of whom he would,sooner or later, be personally in touch.Because this was his way, he became— and was— so rich. ?18Quadranple HewsScience Open House-More than 1,200sélect science students from 200 highschools in Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin,and Michigan attended the University'sllth annual Science Open House, November 6. Students were able to meetand hear such men as Peter Meyer, Professor of Physics at the University andthe Enrico Fermi Institute (EFI), whotalked on "Astronomy with NuclearParticles"; Nathan Sugarman, Professorof Chemistry and at EFI, who talked on"Radio Chemistry in the Study of HighEnergy Nuclear Fission"; Isaac Abella,Assistant Professor of Physics, whospoke on "Lasers :Fact and Fantasy"; andRobert B. Uretz, Professor of Biophys-ics, who discussed "Polarized Fluorescence Microscope Studies on DrosophilaChromosomes." The students also wereshown specialized laboratory equipmentsuch as the 450 Mev synchrocyclotron,glass-blowing machinery, the MANIACIII (mathematical analyzer, numericalintegrator, and computer), and the four-million-volt Van de Graaff generator.Participating University institutionswere the Enrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies and its Laboratory forAstrophysics and Space Research, theInstitute for the Study of Metals and itsUltra-Low Température Laboratory, theInstitute for Computer Research, the Department of Biophysics, and the instruc-tional departments of the Division of thePhysical Sciences.Art Gift —'Art to Live With," a group ofpaintings known as the Shapiro Collection, is being formally and permanentlydonated to the University in four install-ments. Each year the collection of 400paintings, valued at about $69,000, hasbeen loaned to the U of C to makeoriginal art readily available to students.Students borrow the individual paintingsfor a $.75 quarterly fee, which helps payfor insurance. The donor is art connois-seur Joseph R. Shapiro, who said, "It wasapparent years ago that the program wasso successful that it would be an act ofinhumanity to stop it." Minister Cited — The Révérend JohnKnox, PhD'35, Baldwin Professor ofSacred Literature at the Union Theological Seminary, New York, has beennamed Alumnus of the Year by the U ofC's Baptist Theological Union. Hisaward, presented at the Union Trustées'Dinner October 20, cited him as "a dis-tinguished alumnus of the DivinitySchool ... a historian, theologian, philosopher ... a great teacher . . . and a Christian and a gentleman." He was a University faculty member from 1939 to 1943and is the author of 17 books, includingMyth and Truth and The Church and theReality of Christ. Mr. Knox is an or-dained Episcopal minister.Révérend John KnoxCentennial Célébration — The DivinitySchool will observe its centennial con-currently with the University's 75th An-niversary Célébration. In 1865 the Stateof Illinois granted a charter to this theological school, which in 1 890 became thefirst professional school of the newly-created University of Chicago. October11-13 of this year marked the first eventof the observance: a conférence in theHistory of Religions field, during whichcritical papers and essays were read byalumni and faculty, including MirceaEliade, Sewell W. Avery DistinguishedService Professor in the Divinity School,and the late Paul Tillich, who was theJohn Nuveen Professor of Theology. Sixsimilar conférences will be held in thecoming year, representing scholarship inthe Divinity School's other fields of spe-cialization: Ethics and Society, Religionand Personality, Bible, Church History,Theology, and Theology and Literature.Conférences also are scheduled on theministry and on higher éducation, whichwill involve 35 alumni who are présidentsof institutions of higher éducation. Nobel Prizewinner — Professor JulianSchwinger of Harvard University wasone of three men honored recently as awinner of the 1965 Nobel Prize for research in physics. Schwinger was with theMetallurgical Research Project at TheUniversity of Chicago in 1943, and is the25th Nobel Prize winner to hâve beenassociated with the University. Schwinger was born in New York City in 1918.He received his AB degree (1936) andhis PhD (1939) from Columbia University in New York City. He has been afaculty member at the University ofCalifornia, Purdue University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Hehas been at Harvard University since1945. Schwinger received his NobelPrize for research which may lead tosmaller but more efficient computers andmore sophisticated electronic equipment.Alumnus Soloist — Edward Warner,AM'60, a bass-baritone who has sungwith the Chicago Lyric Opéra, the NewYork Opéra Theater, and the ManhattanSchool of Music, is guest soloist for fourof the six Festival Oratorio concerts thisyear. The concerts, given on Sundays inRockefeller Mémorial Chapel, are presented by the Rockefeller Chapel Choirand members of the Chicago SymphonyOrchestra. Richard E. Vikstrom, Associ-ate Professor of Music, is directing theconcerts for the eighth season. Mr. War-ner's first appearance was Nov. 7 in FélixMendelssohn's Elijah. He also will singin Messiah, by G. F. Handel, December12; Missa Solemnis, by Beethoven, Feb-ruary 20; and St. Matthew's Passion, byJ. S. Bach, April 3. In addition, Mr. Warner will sing in a January 1 6 concert ofmusic by Bach, Gustav Holst, VaughanWilliams, and Paul Hindemith; and aMay 15 présentation of King David byArthur Honegger.Education and Income - Three trustéesand two faculty members are on theCommittee for Economie Development(CED), a non-profit, non-political économie research and éducation organiza-tion composed of 200 leading businessmen and educators. After an intensivestudy, the Committee issued a nationalpolicy statement recommending ninesteps to improve éducation and trainingof disadvantaged Americans.Entitled "Raising Low Incomes ThroughImproved Education," the CED statement proposed: (1) educational pro-grams should be provided for pre-kinder-garten children living in neighborhoodsthat generate little learning and motivation; (2) states and school districts should19modernize vocational training in accord-ance with occupational requirements;(3) states should establish adéquate Systems of éducation beyond high school,such as junior collèges, community collèges, or technical institutes; (4) pro-grams for training and retraining adultsshould be further developed; (5) com-munities should launch programs toeliminate adult illiteracy; (6) programsfor rehabilitating the physically handi-capped should be expanded; (7) moreemphasis should be placed on financialsupport for educational and rehabilitation facilities in economically depressedrégions; (8) businesses should system-atically try to foresee changes in theirlabor requirements by developing moreeffective methods of éducation and training; (9) school districts should be re-organized, modem techniques applied,and more research undertaken to de-velop better techniques in order to holddown educational costs and improvequality.On the Committee from the U of Care: Théodore O. Yntema, a Trustéeand a Professorial Lecturer in the Graduate School of Business, who was chairman of the organization's Research andPolicy Committee; Fairfax M. Cône,Chairman of the University's Board ofTrustées; William Benton, an honoraryTrustée; George P. Schultz, Professorand Dean of the Graduate School ofBusiness; and Albert Rees, Professor ofEconomies. An indirect contributor tothe policy statement was Benjamin S.Bloom, Professor of Education, whosebook Stability and Change in HumanCharacteristics, was cited frequently bythe Committee.HDCC Officers Elected -Officers of TheHome for Destitute Crippled Children'sBoard of Directors and Board of Managers were elected for 1965-66 at annualmeetings on Oct. 28. The meetings wereheld in the Home's hospital, a part of themédical center at the University. Ail fiveofficers of the Board of Directors werere-elected for another term. The officersare Katherine Trees Livezey, '34, Président; David M. Sloan, '48, JD'51, Vice-Président; Edward K. Hardy, Jr.,Vice-Président; Ray F. Myers, Secretary-Treasurer, and Eugène C. Wilson, Assistant Secretary-Treasurer. Newly-electedofficers of the Board of Managers wereMrs. Wallace D. Johnson, Co-Chairmanand Treasurer, and Mrs. George Mahn,Jr., Corresponding Secretary. Re-electedofficers of the Board of Managers wereMiss Helen R. Rodger, Chairman, andMrs. William C. Patterson, RecordingSecretary. New members were also named to both boards during the meetings. Fred J. Shanklin, a Vice-Présidentof Union Carbide Corporation, and Edward M. Stratton, Spécial Accounts Représentative of The Reuben H. DonnelleyCorporation, were named to the Boardof Directors. Mrs. Shanklin was namedto the Board of Managers. The Home for Destitute Crippled Children, founded in1892, has been affiliated with the Uni-versity since 1928. It has operated a hospital in the University's médical centersince 1931. The Home will operate thenew $7,800,000 Silvain and Arma WylerChildren's Hospital, now being built onthe University campus.Errett Van NiceNew Fund Chairman -Errett Van Nice,'3 1 , Executive Vice-Président of the Har-ris Trust and Savings Bank, has succeededFerd Kramer, '22, as Chairman of TheUniversity of Chicago Alumni Fund."The Alumni Fund is the major sourceof unrestricted funds from alumni to theUniversity," said Mr. Van Nice. "Thealumni in the past two years hâve established new records in giving to the Fundand we hope to continue this trend." The1965-66 Annual Gifts Campaign gotunderway in the Chicago area November16, to be followed by campaigns organ-ized in more than 250 communitiesthroughout the country. Mr. Van Nice, aVice-Président at Harris Trust and Sav ings Bank since 1949, joined the firm in1932. In 1948 he completed studies atthe Rutgers University Graduate Schoolof Banking. He is past président of theBoard of Directors of Children's Mémorial Hospital, a member of the Business Committee of the MetropolitanYMCA, and a Trustée of the AmericanEnterprise Association. He has also donework for United Charities of Chicago,the Tuberculosis Institute of Chicago andCook County, and the Chicago SundayEvening Club. In 1954 he received anAlumni Association Citation for PublicService. Mr. Van Nice and his wife livein Chicago. They hâve a daughter andtwo sons.20Laird Bell Mémorial — The followingstatement, entitled "A Resolution inMemory of Mr. Laird Bell," was official-ly recorded in the minutes of a récentmeeting of the Board of Trustées:"The Trustées of The University ofChicago record their profound sorrow atthe loss of Laird Bell [JD'07] who diedon October 21, 1965."Eminent lawyer, community leader,educational statesman, champion of human rights, and proteçtor of intellectualfreedom, in his distinguished life LairdBell exemplified stewardship in its finestexpression."Born in Winona, Minnesota, on April6, 1883, Laird Bell attended HarvardCollège and received his AB degree in1904. In 1907 he was awarded the JDdegree from The University of ChicagoLaw School and in 1953 The Universityof Chicago conferred upon him thehonorary degree of Doctor of Laws."Laird Bell's association with The University of Chicago spanned 60 years. Hewas elected to the Board of Trustées onJanuary 10, 1929; he served as ThirdVice Chairman of the Board from 1932to 1938, as Second Vice Chairman from1938 to 1945, as First Vice Chairmanfrom 1 945 to 1 949. On January 1 3, 1 949he was elected Chairman of the Board ofTrustées and brought unexcelled leadership to the University, until becoming anHonorary Trustée on June 11, 1953."Laird Bell served the University as fewhâve done; this institution benefitted toan extraordinary measure from his wisecounsel and leadership. Ever open to newidea' a sympathetic friend of scholars,he possessed unique understanding of theworld of learning and a constant sensitiv-ity to the tradition of intellectual freedom."In an article in the Atlantic Monthly,Laird Bell raised the question: "If Corporations Will Give?" This initiated the na-tionwide movement to bring vital supportfrom corporations to the private sectorof higher éducation. Through his leadership of The University of Chicago and ofCarleton Collège, through his devotedservice to Harvard University, as Chairman of the National Merit ScholarshipCorporation and as a founder of theCouncil on Financial Aid to Educationhe became the statesman of Americanéducation in the Twentieth Century."And when the tradition of intellectualfreedom was under attack in the IllinoisLégislature, Laird Bell posed and an-swered the question: Are We Afraid ofFreedom?' He rallied the académie leaders of this land to a firm défense of theirWstoric rights and responsibilities."His generosity to The University ofChicago over six décades added to the resources of every area of the University'slife. As a loyal alumnus of the Law Schoolhe worked and gave to make the LawCenter a reality. The Trustées recordtheir deep gratitude of his munificentgifts always bestowed with the modestythat characterizes philanthropy at itshighest."The voice and hand of Laird Bell inthe life of The University of Chicago willbe sorely missed. He was one of the greatarchitects of this institution. Générationsto corne will benefit from his gifts ofjudgment, of leadership and of substance."For the faculty and students of TheUniversity of Chicago and for the Boardwhich he served so well, the Trustées express their deep sympathy to Mrs. Belland to their daughters."Folk Concert —"Mississippi" John Hurt,folksinger from Avalon, Miss., enter-tained an appréciative audience at hisMandel Hall concert, Oct. 29. Mr. Hurtis well known to folk-music enthusiasts"Mississippi" John Hurtfor his repertory of traditional blues andfolk songs, his wry humor, and his uniqueinstrumental style— a flowing staccatomelody with a highly syncopated bass.Mr. Hurt was first recorded in 1928 bya company that subsequently failed inthe dépression. He disappeared from sightand his records became collectors' items.Three years ago a folk-music collectorlocated Mr. Hurt through a clue in oneof his 1928 recordings: the lyrics of ablues song mentioned "Avalon," a smalltown in the Mississippi Delta area wherehe was subsequently found. Mr. Hurt,now 73, is currently a "résident bluesartist" at a Washington coffee-house.Life-Origin Study — At its beginning theEarth may hâve been richly endowedwith chemically-produced organic mate- rial from which life could develop, ac-cording to findings of three Universityscientists who hâve been studying organicmolécules trapped in météorites. The research team studied rare types of météorites, called carbonaceous chondrites,found in such unrelated locales as Ken-tucky, France, and South Africa. Themétéorites contain organic molécules,such as carbon oxides and benzène, trapped when solar gas condensed to formthe planets four and a half billion yearsago. The scientists propose that thèsecompounds may hâve been created nat-urally and spontaneously in swirlingclouds of gas and dust in space at thetime the earth was formed. The principalscientific surprise, according to EdwardAnders, Professor of Chemistry and inthe Fermi Institute, is that a source ofradiant energy such as ultraviolet light,gamma rays, or electrical discharge is notnecessary for production of organic compounds in météorites. Anders said: "Ournew experiments now show that organiccompounds can form in space under amuch wider range of conditions than wepreviously supposed. In fact, formationof thèse compounds is inévitable when-ever hot cosmic gases cool." Mr. Anders'colleagues in this project were Martin H.Studier, PhD'47, Senior Scientist at Ar-gonne National Laboratory, and RyoichiHayatsu, Research Associate at theFermi Institute.Diet Research — New évidence has corneto light indicating that a key to heartdisease and stroke prévention lies in re-duced intake of calories and fat. Fromthe time it first came to the public's attention, the theory has stirred concern overthe cholestérol and the saturated fat content of favorite American foods. Thèsesubstances hâve been linked to athero-sclerosis, or fat-clogged arteries, a likelycause of the ailments. Dr. Robert W.Wissler, SM'43, PhD'48, MD'48, Professor and Chairman of the Pathology Department, has added the new évidence,based on a study of two groups of mon-keys which were fed according to either"prudent" or "typical American" dietsfor two years. The study was unique inthat ail food was prepared in kitchens—at the University Clinics— rather than ina laboratory, and was the same as thatintended for human consumption. Mon-keys fed "prudently" were denied suchfoods as beef liver, dry cereal, poundcake, butter, lard, and fried bacon, andtheir calorie intake was two-thirds thatof the other group. After two years theiraorta wall showed only one-fifth the fattydeposit found in monkeys on a "typicalAmerican" diet. In addition, blood was21drawn from monkeys in both groups, anda fatty substance called lipoprotein wasextracted and separated into high-densityand low-density fractions. Upon inject-ing the blood samples into new monkeys,Dr. Wissler found that lésions producedby low density samples were "less-marked" when the samples came frommonkeys fed "prudent" diets.Dr. Wissler reported his findings October 15 to the Scientific Sessions of theAmerican Heart Association. He is chairman of the Association's arteriosclerosiscouncil. Collaborating in the study wereDr. Godfrey S. Getz, Assistant Professorof Pathology and Biochemistry, andDorothea F. Turner, Chief Médical Nu-tritionist at the University.SSA Conférence — A one-day conférenceon "Community Psychiatry and SocialWork" was held November 3 at theSchool of Social Service Administration.It is part of a year-long séries of eventsmarking the dedication of the new SSABuilding last January. Spécial guestspeakers were Dr. Melvin Sabshin, Professor and Chairman of the Departmentof Psychiatry at the University of IllinoisMédical Center in Chicago; Dr. Shap-pard Kellam, Co-Director of the Wood-lawn Mental Health Center and AssistantProfessor of Psychiatry at the Universityof Illinois Médical Center; Dr. C. KnightAldrich, Professor of Psychiatry at theU of C; Bertram Beck, Executive Director of Mobilization for Youth in NewYork; and Howard J. Parad, Director ofthe Smith Collège School for SocialWork. Dean Alton A. Linford of SSAsaid: "Social psychiatry, sometimescalled community psychiatry, is a newapproach to the problems of mental dis-turbance and toward the promotion ofmental health. Combining the efforts ofpsychiatry and social work, it attemptsto deal with mass problems created bycrises or chronic difficulties in peoples'lives."Displaced Workers Project — 1,150 dis-placed workers were successfully relo-cated in a spécial program directed bytwo Graduate School of Business profes-sors. Eaton H. Conant, Assistant Professor of Industrial Relations, and ArnoldR. Weber, Professor of Industrial Relations, hâve issued a report on the relocation project they directed following anArmour and Co. packing plant shutdownin Sioux City in 1963. Over 750 workerswere re-employed through transfer, jobplacement, and retraining. The averageâge of the displaced workers was 49.Their average éducation was under 9years. Most had worked in essentially unskilled jobs, and they were displacedin a small, isolated labor market offeringlittle prospect of new jobs.The project was under the auspices ofthe Armour Automation Fund Committee, a group representing management,labor, and the public. Success of theproject was superior to that in two earlierAutomation Committee re-employmentprojects in Fort Worth and OklahomaCity. "In Fort Worth, where arrangements were made for a 'Spécial Project'emphasis, only 15 of the 550 personswho sought jobs and did not retrain wereplaced by the employment service. TheOklahoma City expérience was no bet-Arnold R. Weber ter," stated the Committee report. Assoon as notice of the plant shutdown wasreleased the Committee moved int0Sioux City and set up a working relation-ship with the local employment serviceThe Committee office encouraged work-er participation in the Project, providedinformation about job and retraining op.portunities, and urged workers to makemaximum use of the employment service. The employment service ran placement campaigns, processed persons fortraining, and cooperated with the Committee to develop training facilities andjob placement information, and to pro-mote re-employment.Eaton H. Conant22Faculty Notes - Marc Blaug, widelyIcnown for work in theoretical économiesand the history of économies, will beVisiting Professor during January andFebruary under the auspices of the Comparative Education Center at the Graduate School of Education. He heads theresearch unit in the économies of éducation at the University of London Institute of Education.Dr. Charles B. Huggins, the WilliamB. Ogden Distinguished Service Professor and Director of the Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research at the University, received the honorary degree ofDoctor of Science from Trinity Collège,Hartford, Connecticut.Richard P. McKeon, the Charles F.Grey Distinguished Service Professor ofPhilosophy and Greek, has been namedthe William H. Colvin Research Professor in the Division of the Humanities forthe 1965-66 académie year. The professorship, awarded annually, frees a faculty member in the Division from normalclassroom duties so he can concentrateon a current writing project. Mr. McKeon will dévote his time to writing thePaul Carus Lectures, given under theauspices of the American PhilosophicalAssociation.George P. Shultz, Dean of GraduateSchool of Business, has been appointedChairman of a 14-member Task Forceto review U. S. Employment Service programs. Arnold R. Weber, Professor ofIndustrial Relations in the GraduateSchool of Business, is Vice-Chairman.Ida Noyés Snack Bar - The snack bar atIda Noyés Hall will be enlarged and re-modeled as part of the plans to re-makeIda Noyés Hall into a student center.Scheduled for completion in late February, the new snack bar will hâve a foun-tain, sandwiches, and short-order service.The new facilities will absorb some ofthe business from the "C-Shop" adjoin-ing Hutchinson Commons, which will beclosed when the building is convertedfor use by the Music Department. Thenew snack bar has been dubbed "TheRatskeller." It will seat 100, and is de-signed to provide attractive surroundingsthat will compare favorably with off-campus restaurants, according to StudentActivities directors Al Killilea and SkipLandt.Political Attitudes Study —Two membersof the Committee on Human Development hâve prepared a report whichmarks the first attempt to présent a de-tailed picture of political developmentand behavior of elementary school children from several régions of the country. Robert D. Hess, PhD'50, Professor ofEducation and Human Development,and Mrs. Judith V. Torney, AM'62,PhD'65, Research Associate in HumanDevelopment, base the report on theirstudy of 12,000 children in eight me-dium-to-large cities. Among their find-ings: the school, more than the family,introduces children into the Americanpolitical system; party préférence cornesfrom the home; intelligence quotientshâve more bearing on political development than social class levels; and children are not taught the realities of political life in the United States.Théâtre Benef it —The Bobs Roberts Hospital Service Committee presented its12th annual Goodman Théâtre benefitOctober 23. Proceeds will help supportthe Committee's fund for emergencynursing of needy patients in the University's children's hospital and for theCommittee's craft workshop and circu-lating library. An adaptation of KennethGrahame's fantasy, The Wind in theWillows, was presented to a full house.Among the more than 300 individualsponsors for this year's benefit werePrésident and Mrs. George W. Beadle;Fairfax M. Cône, Chairman of the Boardof Trustées, and Mrs. Cône; Albert Pick,Jr., University Trustée, and Mrs. Pick;Hermon Dunlop Smith, University Trustée, and Mrs. Smith; Mrs. E. L. Ryerson,wife of the University Trustée; and Mrs.Gardner Stern, wife of the UniversityTrustée. Co-chairmen for the benefitwere Mrs. Robert K. Burns, whose husband is Professor in the Graâuate Schoolof Business, and Mrs. Herbert A. Thelen,whose husband is Professor of Education.Vietnam Référendum — A Student Government référendum opposing U.S. for-eign and military policy in Vietnam wasdefeated 2,846 to,981 in a récent campusvote. The référendum urged graduaiwithdrawal of American military forcesfrom Vietnam, provision of an "international présence" to protect the rightsof South Vietnamese, and the holding offree élections in South Vietnam. Includedin the référendum was a mandate whichwould hâve empowered Student Government to provide facilities and funds to"support and assist protest activitiesagainst the war." The complexly-wordedréférendum stimulated a lively, campus-wide debate prior to the voting. Morethan 74% of the voters opposed it. Anunofïicial Maroon poil indicated that itwas the wording of the mandate that hadaroused the greatest opposition to theréférendum. Cosmic Dust Study -Over 100,000 tonsof cosmic dust fall to earth each year,according to an estimate by John L.Barker, Jr., SM'62, research assistant atthe Fermi Institute. Using a new "neutron activation" technique, capable ofdetecting one part in ten billion, Mr.Barker measured the amounts of iridiumand osmium in core samples of océansédiment, finding that the concentrationof those éléments is higher in the sédiment than elsewhere in the earth's crust.Mr. Barker proposes that the source ofthe extra iridium and osmium is cosmicdust which has settled to the bottom ofthe océan. He reported the results of hisresearch in September at the 150thAmerican Chemical Society meeting, inAtlantic City, New Jersey.SportshortsCross Country— Three consécutive winsat the season's end gave the varsity crosscountry team its best dual meet seasonsince the 10-2 record in 1956. This year'steam won eight of ten meets. The season'sscores: Eastern Michigan University overU of C, 25-34; U of C over Albion Collège, 25-30; U of C over Beloit Collège,17-42; U of C over St. Olaf Collège, 21-36; U of C over University of Illinois(Chicago Circle) 15-46; Valparaiso University over U of C, 25-32; U of C overWabash Collège, 22-33; U of C frosh-sophs over Wright Junior Collège, 21-35;and U of C over the University of Wis-çonsin (Milwaukee), 26-29.Football Class — After three weeks offootball practice under Coaches WalterHass, Kyle Anderson, and Chet McGraw,the football class lost to North CentralJV Collège, 12-6. A week later the classtied Wilson Jr. Collège of Chicago, 0-0.On November 6, they lost to Lake ForestCollège, 34-0.Soccer —The Maroons were strong on défense while dropping a 3-1 contest toWheaton Collège October 27. Wheatonscored only two goals from the field in64 attempts. The third goal came on apenalty kick. On October 30, the Maroons posted their first victory— a 3-2 winover the Northern Illinois Huskies.Other scores to date: Aurora Collègeover U of "C, 6-4; Roosevelt Universityover U of C, 3-1; Northwestern University over U of C, 5-3; Lake Forest Collège over U of C, 5-0; and RockfordCollège over U of C, 5-1.23ProfilesNANCY KELLYA second-year student in the Collège,Nancy Kelly is earnest about the importance of feeling "part of a larger community" beyond the classroom. She hasworked with eight student and community organizations, including the StudentWoodlawn Area Project (SWAP) andthe Pre-Adolescent Enrichment Program(PREP) . For SWAP, Nancy helped tutorunderprivileged high school students inhistory. She found the work "frustratingbecause it was doing too little too late.The problem is that thèse kids can't read.How do you explain the origins of de-mocracy in this country when the important words hâve no meaning?"PREP, a newly-organized AmericanFriends Service Committee project, workswith underprivileged children on Chi-cago's West Side. Once a week Nancyand other PREP volunteers introducegroups of youngsters in the 6 to 12 âgebracket to expériences outside their or-dinary opportunities. They go to concerts, muséums, art galleries, or perhapsto the lakefront, never seen by someChicago children.Nancy grew up in Paramus, New Jersey, a place "very limited in its intellectual life. I was a good kid and went toSunday school." Nancy recalls a periodwhen she questioned some of the tradi-tional values of her church group, yetsomehow became more and more im-mersed in its activities. In her sophomoreyear in high school she joined a churchwork project in Wadley, Alabama. Thevolunteers sat in on a junior collègeAmerican history class there and heardthe teacher expound a doctrine of whitesupremacy. "I wanted to stand up andsay 'you're wrong,' but I just didn't hâveenough facts to back me up." Nancy re-turned home "determined to become in-volved" in the human community. Shewon the top service award of her highschool graduating class, and spent a sum- mer working with emotionally disturbedchildren at a camp in Vermont.Nancy came to the University becauseshe wanted to "learn to reason in anatmosphère of involvement with theworld." Chicago is an institution, shesays, which "uniquely" provides this."I don't think éducation can be gainedsolely in the classroom. Personal rela-tionships are the most important éducation. You hâve to be a developed personbefore you can accomplish anything."Nancy feels that the motivating forcesin her life are "love" and the type ofChristianity preached by the late PaulTillich, a popular lecturer at the University during his years as the John Nuveen Professor of Theology in theDivinity School.Nancy dislikes the apathetic attitudewhich says: one person can do nothingfor society, so why try? "A person'sefforts must necessarily be small, but theymay contribute to a real advance. It's achance you hâve to take."An active student has to face theproblem of grades. I'm not a genius, soI hâve to work hard hère." Nancy isplanning to do graduate work in thefield of community development. She islooking forward to a career in that field,preceded by volunteer work in the PeaceCorps or with the American FriendsService Committee.24ARTHUR HEISERMAN"I want to spend my life reading andwriting books." Arthur Heiserman, As-sociate Professor of English and Hu-manities and Master of the CollegiateDivision of the Humanities, spoke withconviction.Heiserman has been writing fictionsince he was 14. He said he is "alwayswriting a short story." He spends asmuch as five years on a story and findsrewriting "very painful." His work hasappeared in Prairie Schooner, Harper's,and Mademoiselle magazines. During his1963-64 trip to Rome and Oxford on aGuggenheim Fellowship he started writing a novel, the story of a group ofEuropeans confined to a camp in Eng-land during 1949. "Most are DP's," hesaid. "They sort of grind against oneanother. What will resuit may be— it'shard to say this without sounding utterlypretentious— a sensé of humanity in itslate European stage."Heiserman believes that a writer neednot be removed from académie life towrite about "real" life. "The academyis a very real world. It is as real aworld as that of the advertising man orthe chicken farmer, and maybe evenmore real. Literature at its high levelhas always been learned."For académie study, however, he concentrâtes on a literary tradition remotefrom his own. He had nearly finishedhis doctorate at the University in American Literature, then switched to themédiéval and Renaissance area. He haspublished one scholarly work, Skeltonand Satire (U of C Press, 1961), on themédiéval English poet, and is working onhis second, a study of médiéval fiction.Heiserman wasn't always certain thathe wanted to live the académie life. "Icame hère when I was 17, just out ofhigh school. I got an AB, then a Mas-ter's degree— a three-year MA, as it wascalled at that time ... I went to workfor a radio and TV station out in Arizona after I got my Master's degree. Iwas there for a year. I discovered thatI was lying for a living— I was writingcommercials and that sort of thing. Itook a teaching job at the University ofNebraska for a couple of years. I foundthat I wanted to be a teacher— and thenI came back for a PhD hère."As Master of the new Collegiate Division of the Humanities, Heiserman isconcerned with developing curricula foruse when the reorganization of the Collège takes place next Autumn. He saidthe governing committee of the Hu manities Collège "might décide, for example, to hâve eleven humanities majors,plus service courses for the other collegiate divisions, and no other curricu-lum. Professors would just be invited togive the courses they want to give, withthe students free to sélect them. This isone end of the possibilities. The otherend might be to hâve a core, prescribedcurriculum for ail students in the humanities collège — such as a quarterlycourse in each of their four years whichwould lead the progressively through ailof the fields within the humanities. AHthe students in the humanities collègewould share a common expérience. Per-sonally, I am for the second of thèsealternatives. I suspect that what will real- ly happen is an accommodation of bothideas. Of course, I would want ail students in the humanities to hâve coursesin the sciences and, more particularly,in the social sciences and history."On the reorganization of the Collège,Heiserman says: "Formerly, the Collègemet and deliberated as a faculty, as agroup of two hundred men. In a bodyof that size it is very difficult to makedécisions— on curricula, on policy, onpersonnel. What the Levi reorganizationhas done is to make changes morefeasible by setting up an apparatus bywhich décisions can be made, checked,refined. No one is sure what thèsechanges will be. But the Levi plan setsup machinery, bodies which can décide."25^Ê/kdSfétetoLos AngelesProfessor Neil H. Jacoby, PhD'38,Dean of the Graduate School of Business,University of California, spoke to LosAngeles area alumni on October 15.Professor Jacoby provided the group withfirst-hand knowledge of conditions in theRepublic of China, having recently head-ed a mission to evaluate the United StatesEconomie Aid Program for Taiwan,Republic of China. The meeting was heldin the Auditorium of the Union Oil Company in Los Angeles.Kansas CityRay Koppelman, Associate Professorin the Department of Biochemistry andrecently named Master of the CollegiateDivision of Biology, had dinner at theDowntowner Motor Inn on November 5with Kansas City area alumni, chattedwith them informally about the University, the Collège, and the campus, andoutlined récent developments and futuregoals. Philip L. Metzger was chairman ofthe meeting and spécial guests includedthe parents of currently enrolled studentsin the Collège.WashingtonDean of the Collège, Wayne C. Booth,AM'47, PhD'50, who was in Washingtonfor a day-long session with high schoolguidance counselors conducted by theUniversity's Office of Admissions, metinformally with the Washington areaalumni on October 30 at the WashingtonHilton. In his remarks, Mr. Booth outlined current planning in the Collège. Alively question period followed, whichwas joined by Charles D. O'Connell, Director of Admissions at the University.San FranciscoJohn Hope Franklin, Professor of History, met with San Francisco Bay areaalumni on November 6. In response toquestions posed by club président WilliamSwanberg, Professor Franklin discussedseveral major aspects of the Civil Warand the Reconstruction period as back-ground for the current drive for fullparticipation of Negroes in Americansociety. New YorkMore than 400 alumni gathered at theHôtel Pierre in New York City on October 25 to hear Hans J. Morgenthau, theAlbert A. Michelson Distinguished Service Professor of History and PoliticalScience speak on "United States Policy inAsia." Director of the University's Center for the Study of American Foreignand Military Policy and Consultant tothe Department of State since 1961, Professor Morgenthau shed light on the current controversy over Viet Nam byanalyzing it in the context of the overallAsian policies of the United States. Hisrécent book Viet Nam and the UnitedStates was published by the Public Af-fairs Press, Washington.Kansas City: Ray Koppelman, Master of theCollegiate Division of Biology, chats withalumni following their dinner meeting.Los Angeles: Loyd McCulley, club treasurer;Neil Jacoby, Dean of the Graduate Schoolof Business, University of California;Brownlee W. Haydon, club président. COMING EVENTSManila: December 7Philip M. Hauser, Professor of Soci-ology and Director of the Population Re.search Training Center, will addressalumni in the Philippines at the InsularLife Auditorium in Makati at 5:00 p.mDinner following at the Sulo Restaurant.Chairman: Antonio J. Henson, AM'51,Ayala Y Compania, Post Office Box 751,Manila, Philippines.Omaha : December 9Milton Friedman, the Paul SnowdenRussell Distinguished Service Professorof Economies, will meet with Omaha areaalumni on Thursday, December 9. Dinner, 6:15 p.m., 15th floor of the Northern Natural Gas Building, 2223 DodgeStreet, Omaha; speech, 8 p.m., in thefirst floor auditorium. Professor Friedman will speak on "Economie Policy:Intention vs. Results— or, What the Roadto Hell is Paved With." Chairmen: Mr.and Mrs. John F. Merriam. Réservations:Mrs. Evelyn Rokusek, Northern NaturalGas Company, tel: 346-7600, ext. 512.Cleveland : January 27Norval R. Morris, the Julius KreegerProfessor of Law and Criminology andDirector of the Center of Studies inCriminal Law, meets with Cleveland areaalumni on Thursday, January 27th. Thedinner meeting will be held in the loungeof the Higbee Company, downtown,tenth floor, at 6:30 p.m. Professor Mor-ris's topic is to be announced. Chairman:Miss Rosemary Locke, 4550 Van EppsRoad, Cleveland.For information on coming events, orfor assistance in planning an event inyour community with a guest speakerfrom the University, contact Mrs. JeanHaskin, Program Director, The University of Chicago Alumni Association, 5733S. University Ave., Chicago, III. 60637,MI 3-0800 ext. 3241.San Francisco: John Hope Franklin, Professor of History,meets with an interested group of alumni following his address.26%iuïïnniNews^__ 08HOPKINS, ALBERT L., JD'08, seniormember of the Chicago law firm of Hop-kins, Sutter, Owen Mulroy, Wentz, andDavis, is the donor of the U of C LawSchool's largest lecture hall, which has beennamed for him. Mr. Hopkins, who has beenclosely associated with the Law School sincehis graduation, began to distinguish himselfearly in his career. In 1917 has was assistant United States Attorney for the NorthernDistrict of Illinois; he was also assistantchief counsel of the United States InterstateCommerce Commission in Washington from1917 to 1919, and wrote a légal opinionwhich Président Wilson used in assumingfédéral control over the railroads duringWorld War I. He was a spécial attorney forthe Internai Revenue Bureau in 1919. Mr.Hopkins is a member of the American, Chicago, and Illinois bar associations.22-23STEWART, MAY L„ PhB'22, AM'23, along-time expert on rural éducation and anemerita professor at Wisconsin State University in Oshkosh, has received the honorof having the new girls' dormitory at thatuniversity named after her.MARTIN, LAWRENCE, '23, is a co-au-thor of Switzerland! An Uncommon Guide,published this year by McGraw-Hill. Heand his wife hâve been world travelers forover twenty years, and hâve lived in Southand Central America, in the Caribbean,North Africa, and Europe. They hâve written The Standard Guides to Mexico and theCaribbean and the first two books in a McGraw-Hill Séries— England! An UncommonGuide, and Paris! An Uncommon Guide.McPHERSON, ARCHIBALD T., PhD'23,has retired from the National Bureau ofStandards after 46 years of governmentservice. Distinguished both as a researchscientist and as an administrator, Mr. Mc-Pherson is widely known for contributionsto the development and advancement ofstandards of practice — the universal langage of commerce and trade. Mr. A. V.Astin, director of the National Bureau ofStandards said, "(His) retirement marks theculmination of a long and exemplary careerin the public service. His individual tech-nical contributions hâve been many, sig nificant, and varied. His influence upon thework of others has been progressive and far-reaching. An outstanding expert in rubberchemistry in his own right, he has contributed also to other areas of materials tech-nology, to the science of measurement, andto the development of engineering standards." 28STALEY, EUGENE, PhD'28, director ofStanford Research Institute's InternationalDevelopment Center, has been appointedprofessor of éducation at Stanford University. He is an internationally known expertin the économies of developing countriesand is a vétéran consultant to internationaland U.S. government agencies and severalfoundations. Mr. Staley taught for a time atthe U of C, where he received an award forexcellence in teaching; he has also taught atthe Institute for International Studies inGeneva, the Fletcher School of Law andDiplomacy at Tufts, the School of AdvancedInternational Studies in Washington, andthe Graduate School of Business at Stanford. He was a consultant to the Egyptiangovernment on économie planning for theAswan Dam and chairman of a mission toViet Nam for the late Président Kennedy.29PINKERT, JOSEPH S., '29, président ofPeoples Iron and Métal Company for thepast 14 years, has expanded and diversifiedthe concern, incorporating six other com-panies into its complex. Mr. Pinkert isactive in religious and community charitywork.SWIDLER, JOSEPH D., '29, JD'30, whowas for some years the counsel for the Tennessee Valley Authority, was the chairmanof the Fédéral Power Commission for theterm September 1, 1961 to June 22, 1965.During his chairmanship, a great deal of thecommission's activities centered around theelectric industry, and Mr. Swidler publishedseveral journal articles on the future of suchprojects as the National Power Survey,recreational use of the nation's rivers, andréduction of electric rates. 30FARINHOLT, VIRGINIA, AM'30, PhD'36, a professor of French in the Women'sCollège of the University of North Carolinaat Greensboro, where she taught over a Donald H. Daltonperiod of 30 years, retired in April andwas given emerita rank. She had a distinguished military career with the WAVESduring World War II.SAWYER, RAYMOND, PhD'30, a member of the physics department of LehighUniversity for the past 18 years, visited theInter American University (IAU) of PuertoRico during the winter trimester at its Center of the Emeriti. This program for bring-ing outstanding senior scholars to the SanGerman campus to work with gifted students also involved his wife, Jeanette, aformer U of C Laboratory School teacher,who taught chemistry at IAU's démonstration school.WORDELMAN, Miss MATILDA, '30,first-grade teacher at the campus school ofthe State University of New York Collègeat Oswego since 1943, retired in July. She isthe author of a booklet, "The ABC of Manu-script Writing."31DALTON, DONALD H., '31, was nomi-nated for vice-presidency of the Bar Association of the District of Columbia in May.Mr. Dalton, a Washington attorney, livesin Chevy Chase, Md., with his wife (IRENEMARTIN, '30). His daughter, Doris, is asenior at the University. He is a formerreporter on The Washington Post and former professor at Southeastern University.HECKER, GEORGE L., '31, JD'33, a Hollywood, Calif., lawyer, has recently beenelected to the National Board of Trustéesof the City of Hope at Duarte, Calif. He isalso active in the arts, serving as a directorand légal adviser to the Chamber SymphonySociety of California. He has been practic-ing law in California since 1948, engaged inactive trial work. His wife, Janet, attendedthe University in 1934.MOORE, DONALD J., '31, assistant vice-président for marketing for Masonite Corporation of Chicago, was elected to a 1-yearterm on the Board of Directors of BrandNames Foundation, Inc., in May. 33DU FRAIN, Miss VIOLA, AM'33, PhD'44,emeritus professor in the department of sec-retarial and business éducation at SouthernIllinois University, was given the 1965 MeritAward of the Illinois Vocational Assn. last27spring. The award is given annually to anoutstanding contributor in teaching, writing, and research. Miss Du Frain, who hasretired to Crestview Club in Sylvania, Ohio,also received the 1965 Merit Award fromthe Illinois Business Education Assn.KRANTZ, Miss FLORINE, '33, retiredJune 1 1 from her teaching position at theDubuque (Iowa) senior high school. For thelast 12 of her 40 years there, Miss Krantzhas been chairman of the business éducation department. Six years ago she boughta lakeshore lot in Sebring, Fia., and this fallshe is moving into her new home there. Shehas been chairman of the Dubuque U of CAlumni Fund campaign for 16 years.MOORADIAN, Miss ALICE, '33, directorof the Golden Age clubs in Niagara Falls,N.Y., was named Woman of the Year latelast spring by the Niagara Council of Wom-en's Associations. In addition to being président of that Council, Miss Mooradian isZonta International District IV lieutenantgovernor with authority over 1,300 members, chairman of the local Friendly Visit-ing Program of the Chronic Illness Service,and a member of the Chamber of Commerce Women's Division Board.PETRIE, RICHARD, MBA'33, financialvice-président of Willamette University inSalem, Oregon, is largely responsible forthat school's sélection by the U. S. Officeof Education for participation in a nation-wide study of school business office management and practices. Results of the studyare to be published for use as a guide byother universities and collèges. Willametteis one of the first private collèges to usemachine accounting and has a widely com-mended unique payroll system.35-36~FORTRESS, FRED, '35, has published anarticle on "Blends of Fibers" in the 1965Yearbook of Agriculture. Mr. Fortress, aspecialist in textile products for CelaneseFibers Co. and président of the AmericanAssociation of Textile Chemists and Color-ists, describes in his article the wide rangeof uses for synthetic textiles, especiallyblends of différent fibers.DAVIS, Miss HAZEL, AM'36, is the newdirector of the research division of the National Education Association.28 GREGORY, W. EDGAR, BD'36, chairmanof the psychology department at the University of the Pacific, Stockton, Calif., recentlyspent a year's sabbatical in Geneva, Switzer-land, where he participated in a seminaron genetic epistemology. After leaving Geneva, Mr. and Mrs. Gregory arrived at Ve-rona, Italy for a two month's teachingassignment to army personnel under theauspices of the University of Maryland.KROGMAN, WESTON L., '36, retiredSeptember 30 after a 37-year career withthe University. Previously an engineer anddesigner for the U.S. Gypsum Co., Mr.Krogman joined the University staff in1 928 as a chief draftsman. He later servedas Superintendent of Buildings and Groundsuntil 1950, when he was appointed BusinessManager— Campus Opérations. He and hiswife live in Flossmoor, 111.MARSH, GRACE E., '36, SM'42, who hasbeen with the American Oil Company since1943, has been promoted to senior projectchemist in its department of Planning,Scheduling, and Technical Service. She is arésident of Munster, Ind.McGRATH, EARL L, PhD'36, former U.S.Commissioner of Education and présenthead of Columbia University's Institute ofHigher Education, received an honorarydoctorate in June from Cornell Collège,Mount Vernon, Iowa, in récognition of hiscontributions to the field of higher éducation.McNAB, JOHN G., PhD'36, vice présidentin charge of new areas research for the EssoResearch and Engineering Co., has alsomade achievements of note as an inventor.In April the company honored him and 60other New Jersey patent-winners at a spécial dinner. Mr. McNab holds 40 U. S.Patents.SCHAAR, EDWARD H., '36, head of anadvertising agency in Los Angeles thatserves electronics, aerospace, and related industries, has been named editor of StratégieIndustries Bulletin, the officiai publicationof Stratégie Industries Assn. He and hiswife (REGINA MITCHELL, '36) live inPacific Palisades, Calif.WHITTIER, C. TAYLOR, '36, AM'38,PhD'48, formerly superintendent of Mont-gomery County (Md.) Public Schools, hasbeen appointed Superintendent of Schoolsfor the School District of Philadelphia, Pa. John W.Bond 40BOND, JOHN W., JR., '40, head of theSurvivability Department at Aerospace Corporation in San Bernardino, Calif., is themajor contributor to Atomic Theory of GasDynamics, a graduate textbook published byAddison-Wesley. Mr. Bond worked with theAdvanced Research Projects Agency assenior staff scientist, as Chief of Physics forConvair, and in the Theoretical Division ofthe Los Angeles Scientific Laboratory andManhattan Project. He says the purpose ofthe book is to provide a text that intégrâtesmaterial from physics, chemistry, and aero-nautical and electrical engineering into asource that students of aerodynamics andrelated aerospace occupations can utilizeeffectively, since work in this field so oftenrequires knowledge of more than one discipline.PARSONS, RUSSEL J., '40, JD'42, waselected secretary of Borg-Warner Corp.,Chicago. A native of Davenport, Iowa, Mr.Parsons joined Borg-Warner in 1946 as anattorney. In 1956 he was elected assistantgênerai counsel, and early in 1957 assistantsecretary. He and his family live in Hins-dale, a Chicago suburb. 41CHRISTOL, CARL Q., PhD'41, professorof international law and political science atthe University of Southern California, hasbeen appointed to President's Johnson's National Citizens Committee on Developmentof International Law. The Committee willsubmit a report to the Président at a WhiteHouse Conférence this fall during International Coopération Year, commemoratingthe 20th anniversary of the United Nations.GREENWALD, JOSEPH A., '41, a foreignservice worker since 1952, is now the Director of the State Department's Office of International Trade. He was appointed by Président Johnson, on recommendation of the1965 F. S. Sélection Board. 42 BLANCO, VICTOR M., '42, '43, is directorof the Astrometry and Astrophysics Division of the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. In 1960 he won an international award for his work with Jason JNassau, his colleague at Case Institute ofCleveland, on an infra-red analysis of theMilky Way.Albert C.StewartPOPE, RICHARD M., DB'42, PhD'55, isthe author of The Church and Its Culture,published in June by The Bethany Press.STEWART, ALBERT, '42, SM'48, is achemist and assistant director of the Diversi-fled New Products Development of the Consumer Products Division of the Union Carbide Corporation. He was recently electedto the Board of Directors of the Laymen'sNational Committee, Inc., an interfaith or-ganization of religious éducation whichsponsors the annual National Bible Week.Mr. Stewart is a résident of New York Cityand is active in civic, political, and humani-tarian pursuits. He is: Consultant for theFord Foundation, Public Affairs Division;Consultant with NASA, Administrator'sOffice; and a member of the National Budget and Consultation Committee of theUnited Community Funds and Councils ofAmerica and the National Social WelfareAssembly.TICHO, HAROLD K., '42, SM'44, PhD'49,gave the annual Faculty Research Lectureat the Westwood Campus of the Universityof California at Los Angeles in May. Thelecture honors an outstanding scholar se-lected by the UCLA faculty. Mr. Ticho,head of the UCLA high-energy physicsgroup. spoke on "New Elementary Par-ticles." 47CHANOCK, ROBERT M., MD'47, who ischief of the respiratory division of the National Institute of Allergy and InfectiousDiseases, directed efforts that led to the firstsuccessful vaccine against catarrhal fever.He is now working to isolate and developvaccines against the major viruses whichcause various upper-respiratory infectionsgrouped under the gênerai title of "the com-mon cold."FICK, OTTO W., AM'47, PhD'54, whoformerly taught at Northwestern Universityand has been on the faculty of CaliforniaState Collège at Los Angeles since 1956,has been appointed Professor of English.KLICKA, MRS. WILLIAM J. (MARYVICTORIA RICHARDSON, MBA'47),was the nutritionist responsible for the diets-m-flight of astronauts Charles Conrad andGordon Cooper on the Gemini 5 project.Mrs. Klicka has been with the Food andContainer Institute of the Armed Forces for'2 years. Clémentine Paddleford, the noted Robert B.Murrayculinary columnist, devoted a full-page article in the New York Herald Tribune to herand the food she prépares for the astronauts.Mrs. Klicka's next task will be the dietsfor the 14-day Gemini 7 project.LEVITON, MRS. GORDON (IRIS LEEFRIEDMAN, '47, AM'53), who teacheschildren with learning disabilities, in Evans-ton, III., received the Council for Exception-al Children's first scholarship award, established by its North Suburban chapter.MURRAY, ROBERT, '47, MBA'47, whohas been with the Eastman Kodak Companyfor 18 years, is now manager of financialanalysis services at the Rochester headquar-ters. Mr. Murray's career has taken him toboth Mexico and Brazil for Kodak. Hemaintains his résidence at Brighton, N.Y.,where he lives with his wife and three children.REITZ, JOHN R., SM'47, PhD'49, has beenappointed manager of the Physics and Electronics Department in Ford Motor Co.'sScientific Laboratory at Dearborn, Mich.SINAIKO, HERMAN LOUIS, '47,PhD'61,Associate Professor of Humanities in theCollège and winner of a 1963' QuantrellAward for Excellence in UndergraduateTeaching, is the author of a new book, Love,Knowledge, and Discourse in Plato, published by the University of Chicago Press.Through an examination of Phaedrus, Par-menides, and The Republic, the book showsthe interdependence of Plato's dramaticform— the dialogue— and his conception ofphilosophy.SISCO, JOSEPH L, AM'47, PhD'50, hassucceeded Harlan Cleveland as AssistantSecretary of State for International Organi-zation Affairs. His comments on the UnitedNations and the importance of strengthen-ing its ability to keep peace appeared inthe Chicago Sun-Times, September 20, 1965.WREN, GEORGE R., '47, '49, MBA'51,former administrator of Lake View Mémorial Hospital in Danville, 111., has been appointed director of the program in hospitaladministration, with the rank of professorof hospital administration, at Georgia StateCollège, Atlanta, Ga. Mr. Wren is a fellowof the American Collège of Hospital Ad-ministrators, and has been director of Ault-man Hospital (Canton, O.) and superintendent of Methodist Hospital (Gary, Ind.). 48AMBERSON, JEAN, PhD'48, former headof the home économies department of Penn-sylvania State University, has returned toher home in Waynesboro, Pa., after 5 yearsof service as an éducation adviser in South-east Asia. She went to Thailand in 1960 asa member of a régional advisory team ofthe U.S. Agency for International Development, implementing home économies programs for young women at AID's Bangkokmission. In 1957-59 she was home économies éducation advisor on the Pennsyl-vania State contract team at Taiwan NormalUniversity in Taipei.BALDWIN, LOUIS, AM'48, a technicalwriter in Albuquerque, N.M., has writtenoutspokenly for The Catholic World on theaims, accomplishments, and shorteomingsof the Vatican II Council and its relevanceto the Catholic layman.CHAVE, KEITH ERNEST, '48, AM'51,PhD'52, director of Lehigh University'sMarine Science Center in Bethlehem, Pa.,commutes to Bermuda to conduct researchon the growth of those types of sea animaiswhose shells make up the land mass of Bermuda, Jamaica, and a host of Caribbeanand Pacific islands. He also does researchon the effects of décomposition of thèseshells on the sait content of sea water.FELTES, ARTHUR W., MBA'48, was recently promoted to assistant vice-présidentat the Harris Trust and Savings Bank in Chicago. Mr. Feltes is active in the ChicagoEducational Télévision Association.HAWK, DAVID B., AM'48, spent the sum-mer as visiting professor at East CarolinaCollège in Greenville, N.C., where he taughta sociology course on "Societies Around theWorld." He is a member of the sociologyfaculty of St. Andrews Presbyterian Collègein Laurinburg, N.C.HEALY, ROBERT M., SM'48, a memberof the American Chemical Society, has beenappointed Director, Materials and Com-ponents Research, at the Amphenol Corporation in Broadview, 111., where he also willdirect the activities of the Ceramic PilotPlant Opération.McCOY, ROBERT E., '48, has accepted aposition as professor of chemistry at Ken-tucky Wesleyan Collège, Owensboro, Ky.29How does your job measure up to a career with Mass Mutual?1= o1= « Jmm IN INCOME? One out of every 5 Mass Mutual repré|=~" w mm»m— . sentatives earned over $20,000 in 1964. Those with 5 or1= op1— — (VJ more years' expérience averaged $14,978.— . And the top 100 producers averaged $36,943 for the year.1= N "Hj=-' WLé IN PRESTIGE? Mass Mutual représentatives hold anP 1 -H unusualiy high proportion of the top honors in the insuranceL roJ field.r~ —One in 3 Agents and General Agents won the Nationali"« m Quality Award in 1964.f-a — One in 8 was a member of the Million Dollar Round Table.I One in 5 Mass Mutual men is a Chartered Life Under-— writer (one of the industry's highest honors)!|= CVJE~"c\j —mIN ASSOCIATIONS? Mass Mutual men enjoy theE^ 4 | rewards of working with successful people. In 1964, new\— CVJ individual policies (not including those issued on Pension02lllllllll >-z Plans) averaged $19,195.Mass Mutual wrote 6.5% of ail Pension Trust Planswritten in the U.S. last year.|=_5» "— And out of $1.1 billion of individual life insurance we sold8llllllll 2j in 1964, Business Insurance accounted for $210 million!li" c^—Success has many yardsticks. In any business, however, thèseare the factors that counr.If you are dissatisfied with your progress, or fee! that yourrewards don't measure up to your effort . . . it's probablytime to re-evaluate your situation. Compare your présent jobwith the above facts about a career with Mass Mutual.Mass Mutual is a solid company, with over 100 years'expérience. It's a company held in high regard by the restof the Insurance industry. If you'd like more information on a career with Mass Mutual, just write a personal letterabout yourself and mail it to Charles H. Schaaff, PrésidentMassachusetts Mutual Life Ins. Co., Springfield, Massachusetts.It could be one of the most important lettersyou've ever written.MASSACHUSETTS MUTUALL-IFE INSURANCE COMPANYSpringfield, Massachusetts / organized 1851 ^ Am^rÂmûtâmmRoger W.Axford George P. Cressman— -~ 49-54AXFORD, ROGER W., AM'49, PhD'61,has been appointed to the newly-createdpost of director of adult éducation in theEvening Collège of Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, 111. A former director ofinformai instructional services at the Mil-waukee Extension of the University of Wis-consin, and former vice-président of ShimerCollège in Mt. Carroll, 111., Mr. Axford iswell-known for his articles on éducation.CRESSMAN, GEORGE P., PhD'49, whohas served as Director of National Meteor-ological Services since April 1964, wassworn in on Sept. 8 as Director of theWeather Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce, in Washington. Mr. Cressman wasone of the first to recognize the potentialvalue of electronic Computing equipment inmeteorology and has been a proponent ofnumerical weather prédiction using high-speed electronic Computing Systems.HARRINGTON, (EDWARD) MICHAEL,JR., AM'49, author of the widely-acclaimedThe Other America, which was instrumentalin focusing public attention on poverty inAmerica, has written a new and more ambi-tious book. The Accidentai Century (Mac-millan & Co.) attempts to corne to termswith the technological révolution, "whichhas been, and is being, carried out in acasual way." This unplanned révolution hasbrought about a "subdivided existence," inwhich there is "no vantage point for thecompréhension of the whole. Bureaucratie,scientific man is losing his intellectual holdon reality even as he pragmatically conquersit." Eliot Fremont-Smith in The New YorkTimes said the book "attempts to see thewhole, to gain the view Max Weber des-paired of our gaining. For that and for thewarm heart that pervades the book, it de-serves attention."HOYT, MICHAEL P.E., '50, '55, who en-tered the Foreign Service in 1956 and whospent several weeks in national limelightafter being dramatically rescued last No-1 vember after three months' imprisonment in•he Congo, is presently assigned to the Executive Secrétariat of the Department ofState in Washington. Before becoming principal officer at Stanley ville, Mr. Hoyt hadteen stationed at embassies in Karachi andLeopoldville, and at the Consulate in Casa blanca. Late this spring he was invited tospeak at De Paul University's symposium,"Africa: A Continent in Transition."KANRICH, ERNEST, MBA'50, arrived inNew Delhi, in September, 1964, to be chiefof the Development Loan Division of theU. S. Agency for International Development in India, which is the largest récipientof USAID-$400 million annually. Recently, Mr. Kanrich's responsibilities were ex-tended to AID lending in Népal. He is acertified public accountant and was in themortgage banking business before 1964; afew months ago he was granted membershipin the Indian Institute of Chartered Ac-countants.GILLINGHAM, LAWRENCE, AM'54, isassistant director of the Houston ISD Audio-Visual Department, where he has servedfor eight years. An article on the use ofaudio-visual materials, written by Mr. Gil-lingham, appeared recently in the TexasOutlook.KURTZ, ALFRED R., MBA'54, a hospitaladministration specialist with consulting expérience in four states, has joined the Insti-tutional Division of the internationalmanagement consultant fïrm of Cresap, Mc-Cormick, and Paget in New York City. Hewill specialize in studies of hospital management, community health needs, and buildingprograms.MacLACHLAN, BRUCE, '54, AM'55,PhD'62, an assistant professor of anthro-pology at Southern Illinois University inCarbondale, became assistant dean in SIU'sCollège of Libéral Arts and Sciences onSept. 1. Mr. MacLachlan is a specialist onAmerican Indian légal and judicial Systems.55-64CHARLES, ROBERT E., '55, formerlywith the classics department of the University of Texas, is now instructor and actingchairman of the department of classics atTrinity University, San Antonio, Texas. Mr.Charles studied in Athens on a Ryerson Fel-lowship in 1957-58.HANNA, THOMAS L., DB'55, PhD'59,was appointed chairman of the departmentof philosophy of the University of Floridain Gainesville, in luly. Mr. Hanna went tothe University of Florida from Hollins Collège in Roanoke, Va., where he was asso- ciate professor and chairman of the department of philosophical and religious thoughtfrom 1958-65. He was recently in ChapelHill, N.C., as résident writer for a humanities program co-sponsored by the Universityof North Carolina and Duke University. Hehas published three books: The Thoughtand Art of Albert Camus (1958); The Lyri-cal Existentialists and The Bergsonian Héritage (both in 1961).JONES, AUBREY CLAYTON, PhD'55, achemist with the Shell Development Com-pany's Emeryville, Calif., research center,has been promoted to the rank of researchsupervisor. His main work is in the field ofspectroscopy.LOVING, WILLIAM L., MBA'55, who hasheld several important posts in hospital administration, has been named an associatein the Institutional Management Division ofthe Chicago office of Booz, Allen & Hamil-ton, Inc., a management consulting firm. Hishospital administrative expérience has takenhim to both Minneapolis and Cleveland, andhe has had related expérience in the fieldsof cultural, public school, nursing-home,and health planning. He is a résident of Chicago.ZEMANS, JON RICHARD, MBA'64, administrative assistant at the University Hospital in Baltimore, Md., recently marriedDale Lynn Weiner, a former U of C student, in a ceremony at Sinai Temple Chapelin Chicago. 65CAHILL, THOMAS, JD'65, is the newassistant attorney gênerai of Wyoming, itwas announced in July. He will specializein water problems: he recently representedWyoming in planning sessions at the Western Governors Conférence in Portland,Ore., where a framework was set for a western states water council.COYLE, JAMES L, PhD'65, a graduate inorganic chemistry, has joined the technicalstaff of Shell Development Company'sEmeryville, Calif., research center.VAN BUSKIRK, LAWRENCE E., MBA'65 was the top honor graduate of the ArmySupply Management Course at the U.S.Army Logistics Management Center, FortLee, Va.31How do you measure up to thèse men :?(Find out)The man in the middle is Eddie Felsenthal fromMemphis. Eddie, who was just elected Présidentof New England Life's 63rd Career UnderwritingTraining School, stands 5' 6". Flanking him aretwo upstanding members of the school — BobKennedy from Denver on the left (6' 6"), and RalphCarroll of Portland (6' 7").The Career Underwriting Training School is justone example of the superlative training ail NewEngland Life newcomers receive — both on the job,and in the home office. Actually, at New EnglandLife, learning is a never-ending business. And ourstudents corne in ail sizes. If you'd like to find out how you measure up toother men who hâve made a successful career withNew England Life, there's an easy first step to take.Send for our free Personality-Aptitude Analyzer.It's a simple exercise you can take in about tenminutes. Then return it to us and we'll mail youthe results. (This is a bona fide analysis and manymen find they cannot qualify.) It could be wellworth ten minutes of your time.To receive your free Analyzer, just write toVice Président George Joseph, New England Life,Department AL3, 501 Boylston Street, Boston,Massachusetts 02117.NEW ENGLAND LIFENEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY: ALL FORMS OF INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP LIFE INSURANCE. ANNUITIES AND PENSIONS, GROUP HEALTH COVERAGESTHESE CHICAGO ALUMNI ARE NEW ENGLAND LIFE REPRESENTATIVES:George Marselos, '34, Chicago • A. Raymond Anderson, '46, Wichita • John R. Downs, CLU, '46, ChicagoWho créâtesthe "star"that dances ?The same Union Carbidethat makes carbon floorsfor blast furnaces. With every change of light, thestar in the Linde created StarSapphire moves, shimmers, anddances— matching the brillianceand beauty of the fabulous starrubies and sapphires of the FarEast.At Union Carbide we -growthèse and other crystals every day— not only for use in jewelry, butalso for use in electronic equipment. And for the past severalyears we've been growing crystalsfor the heart of the laser beam,the miracle light that can vaporizediamonds, perform eye surgery,and slice through métal.We're growing in lots of directions. Our carbon floors for blastfurnaces hâve reached the point of wide acceptance by the steel in-dustry. Our activated carbon isbeing increasingly used to purifyand deodorize air in hospitals,homes and factories. And GladWrap, our new polyethylene wrap-ping for home use, is rapidly gain-ing popularity as a superior wayto keep foods fresh longer.To keep bringing you thèse andmany other new and improvedproducts, we'll be investing half abillion dollars on new plant construction during the next twoyears.Union Carbide Corporation. 270 Park Avenue. New York, N. Y. 10017. In Canada : Union Car bide Canada Limited. Toronto • Divisions: Carbon Products,Chemicals, Consumer Products, Fibers & Fabrics, Food Products, International, Linde, Mining &. Metals, Nuclear, Olefins, Plastics, Silicones, Stellite UNIONCARBIDESeven Basic Principlcs of SafetyProvide Active Top Manogement Support2 Maintoin Adéquate Sofety Personnel3 Develop Sofety Instructions For Every Job4 Instruct Each New Employé5 Operote Through Supervision6 Make Every Employé Safety Minded7 Extend Efforts Beyond The Plant PROTECTORSThèse dedicated "pros" are members of a vital team. They are responsible forthe personal safety of workers in every General Motors plant — much as policeand fire departments protect the citizens of a city. They are serious-minded,hard-working men, thoroughly skilled at their jobs.Shown hère are the safety director, the fire chief, and police chief of a typicalGM plant. Backed by a large plant-protection force and a volunteer fire brigade,plus an able médical staff, they perform a number of highly important duties.Fire prévention, traffic control and plant security are just a few of thèse. But per-haps their key function is the effective maintenance of GM's traditional "SevenBasic Principles of Safety." GM employés, as a resuit, are actually safer at theirjobs than in their homes.General Motors has led the way in the establishment of modem industrial safetyprocédures. Its record in this regard is exceptional in American industry. Thus,thèse security and safety experts are among GM's most valuable people. Theyproduce no products but they are essential to the well-being of those who do.General Motors Is People...making better things for you 0ÊjKmorialfiPAGE, HARLAN O. (PAT), '09, died onNovember 23 in St. Joseph, Michigan. Hisathletic skills in football, baseball, and bas-ketball under coach Amos Alonzo Staggearned him All-American distinction and as-sured his place in two Halls of Famé. Afterhis graduation he became Stagg's assistant,a post he held for ten years. He later heldhead coach positions at Butler Universityand the Collège of Idaho. Known for hisverbal as well as his athletic ability, he de-lighted alumni each spring with his pitchingand quipping performance in the traditionalgame between the varsity and the old grads.Page, who lived in Watervliet, Michigan, issurvived by his wife and two sons.LATHAM, HARRY OSGOOD, '10, a retired stock broker, died in New York Cityon Aug. 7.MILES, EGBERT J., PhD' 10, died Nov. 3,1964. He was professor of mathematics atYale.WELLINGTON, HERBERT GAL-BRAITH, '10, a retired investment banker,died in July on Long Island, N.Y.STRAUBE, ALFRED H., '11, died in Chicago Aug. 20. He had been with a Chicagolaw firm for 30 years and was a survivor ofthe 1956 sinking of the Andréa Doria.KNAUF, ARTHUR RAYMOND, '14, MD'16, died in Gainesville, Fia., May 28. Hewas a specialist in the field of urology.O'HARA, FRANK H., '15, retired associateprofessor of English at the University (1924-53), died in Phoenix Oct. 9.DYSON, JOSEPH W., SM'17, a vétéranMethodist missionary to China, Cuba, andTaiwan, died July 15 in Taipei.SIMSON, THOMAS McNIDER, Jr., PhD'17, died at Ashland, Va., July 7. He was along-time faculty member of Randolph-Macon Collège there.EWING, WARREN W., SM'18, PhD'20,diedinSanford,Fla.,Oct.2.HIMMEL, EDWARD H., SM'21, professoremeritus of botany at North Central Collègein Naperville, 111., died at his home in Ur-bana, Ind., June 3. He had served 48 yearswith the Naperville school. LYON, MERLE P., JD'21, died May 22 inAtlanta, Ga.MEECHAN, MISS BERTHA, '21, of St.Louis, Mo., died Aug. 15.SHER, BEN C, '21, PhD'34, for many yearschief chemist for the Municipal Tubercu-losis Sanitarium of Chicago, died Sept. 15.FIFE, MISS MARGARET A., '22, ofBrooklyn, N.Y., died Oct. 7.ANSELM, GEORGE N., '23, died May 10in Brockport, N.Y. He was professor of éducation at State University of New Yorkthere.BRANION, JOHN MARSHALL, LLB'23,died in Chicago July 3. He had been with theCook County Public Defender's Office for34 years.BRUNDAGE, MISS DAISY D., '23, a retired Fort Worth, Tex., school teacher, diedMay 20 in Dallas.CAMPBELL, EVERETT W., '23, MD'28,of Détroit, has died.Rockefeller Chapelby C. L. SmithHALL, JAMES LOWELL, Sr., MD'25, diedin Chicago in June. He was former directorof Provident Hospital, Chicago, and Professor of Medicine at Howard University.LOWY, MRS. FRED (AMELIA L. ELS-NER, '25), died Oct. 9. She had lived formany years in St. Petersburg, Fia.HENDERSON, FRED M., '26, JD'29, aCalifornia district attorney, died in July.LUNDQUIST, RAYMOND C, '26, died inChicago June 26.DONAHUE, ELMER W., '21, died on Sept.27 in Memphis. He was former treasurer andprésident of a Chicago screen and door firm.BRANDLEY, MISS ANNA, '28, of Evans-ville, Ind., died March 16.RUPP, CHARLES ANDREW, PhD'28,died Oct. 26 in Washington, D.C. He wasa mathematician at the National SecurityAgency.CAPPON, MRS. LESTER J. (DOROTHYELIZABETH BERNET, '29), of Williams-burg, Va., died Aug. 11.GREENE, ALDEN G., SM'31, died May 7in Oak Ridge, Tenn. He was assistant référence branch chief for the Atomic EnergyCommission there. TAUBE, MORTIMER, '31, founder of theworld's largest aerospace information center,died Sept. 17 in Chevy Chase, Md.PEARSON, JAY F. W., PhD'32, chancellorof the University of Miami, died on Aug. 9.POSNER, STANLEY L, AM'32, a législative and légal counsel in Washington, D.C,died March 30.WHITE, DORRANCE S., PhD'32, died inIowa City, Iowa, Jan. 22, 1961. He was aprofessor at the University of Iowa.PERRY, MISS ELVA L., '34, died Oct. 14.WETTON, MISS EDNA W., '36, of Miami,Fia., died Aug. 5. She was a retired schoolteacher.BECK, HUGO E., '38, AM'44, PhD'62,former associate professor and coordinatorof the MAT program in the University'sGraduate School of Education, died May 3 1in St. Louis, Mo.FISCHER, CARL N., '38, MD'38, of LaPorte, Ind., died in Chicago June 2.BAILEY, FRANK WILLIAM, MD'39, diedJuly 8 in Canoga Park, Calif. He was aneurosurgeon and researcher in biodynamics.LEITH, HAROLD R., MBA'40, died Aug.20. He was professor of business éducationat the University of Cincinnati.ROUSSEVE, FERDINAND L., AM'40,died July 18 in Boston, Mass. He was chairman of the Fine Arts Department of BostonCollège.FLEMING, J. L., '41, MD'44, died April28 in Détroit. He had been an orthopaedicsurgeon at Ford Hospital there for the past15 years.SWITZER, MRS. SHIRLEY SILVER,AM'46, died Sept. 18.SMITH, CHARLES LIONEL, '48, an artistwho had taught at Wilson Junior Collège,Chicago Teachers Collège, and the U of C,died early this year in Chicago. Many willremember him for his drawings of University scènes, such as his rendering of Rockefeller Chapel on this page.DEFFNER, CLEMENS H., AM'49, diedJuly 17.HASTINGS, FREDERIC W., AM'51, headof the Dept. of Public Assistance in WallaWalla, Wash., died Sept. 10.PRETZEL, FRANK ERWIN, PhD'51, ofLos Alamos, N.M., died Aug. 15 in Aspen,Colo.MOUNTJOY, ROBERT H., SM'55, PhD'64, died near Philomont, Va., in May. Hewas assistant professor of mathematics atthe University of Maryland.TINKHAM, EILEEN, AM'61, of Munster,Ind., died in July. She was librarian atPresbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital in Chicago.WHITE, HAROLD A., PhD'62, died atHaunama Bay in Oahu, Hawaii, July 27.He was assistant professor at the Universityof Hawaii.35UNIVERSITYCALBNDARThrough December 18Exhibit: line drawings and lithographsby Virgil Burnett, Instructor in the Collège and the Art Department. Daily, 8 : 30a.m. to 10:00 p.m., at the Center forContinuing Education.Through December 2219th Annual art exhibit and sale: "Con-temporary Art for Young Collectors,"sponsored by the Renaissance Society.Oils, water colors, drawings, lithographs,etchings, sculpture, and pottery from $5to $150. Goodspeed Hall, 1010 East59th Street; weekdays, 10:00 a.m. to5:00 p.m.; weekends, 1:00 p.m. to5:00 p.m.Through December 31Library Exhibit: "100 Years with Alicein Many Tongues: selected works fromthe library of Prof. Léon Carnovsky,"commemorating the lOOth Anniversaryof Lewis Caroll's Alice in Wonderland.Harper Library, main and 6th floors.Oriental Institute Exhibit: Nubian Pottery. University Avenue & 58th Street;10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. daily; closedMondays.December 6-17Autumn Quarter Student Exhibition ofArt: prints, paintings, ceramics, sculpture, and drawing. The Court Gallery ofthe Midway Studios, 6016 South Ingle-side Avenue; weekdays, 1:00 p.m. to5:00 p.m.; weekends, 10:00 a.m. to4:00 p.m.December 6Center for Urban Studies lecture séries :"Key Figures Discuss Public Affairs":H. Cari Goldenberg, Royal Commis-sioner of Toronto, on "MetropolitanToronto: an Experiment in MunicipalFédération." Breasted Hall, 10:00 a.m. December 7Contemporary Chamber Players : RalphShapey directs a performance of musicby Petrassi, Sydeman, Wernick, Stretti,and Schoenberg. Mandel Hall, 8:30 p.m.December 8Oriental Institute Lecture: John D.Cooney, Curator of Egyptology andClassical Art at the Cleveland Muséum ofArt, on "Relief Sculpture of the AmarnaPeriod." Breasted Hall, 8:30 p.m.December 9Moody Lecture: Michel Butor, Visit-ing Professor of Romance Languages atNorthwestern University. Mandel Hall,8:30 p.m.December 10Works of the Mind Lecture Séries:Marshall Cohen, Associate Professor ofPhilosophy at the University on "TheEssence of Art." Downtown Center, 64East Lake Street, room 201, 8:00 p.m.December 11Forensic Association: a debate for highschool students at Ida Noyés Hall. Ailday.Film: "Dishonored," presented by theStudent American Médical Association.Billings Hospital, 7:30 p.m.Philippine Night: a program of folkdances and music. International House,1414 East 59th Street, 8:00 p.m.December 12Festival Oratorio: "Messiah" by G. F.Handel, 16th annual performance bythe Rockefeller Chapel Choir and members of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra,directed by Richard E. Vikstrom. Rockefeller Chapel, 3:30 p.m. Admission:$4.50 reserved, $3.50 gênerai. Inquireat MI 3-0800, ext. 3387.Bridge, 7:15 p.m.; folk dancing, 7:30p.m.; Ida Noyés Hall.December 13Service League: Program and Christ-mas Tea. Ida Noyés Hall, 1 :00 p.m.December 15Women Employées' Christmas Party.Ida Noyés Hall, 3:00 p.m.December 18Autumn Quarter closes.January 3Winter Quarter opens.Concert: Contemporary Chamber Players. Mandel Hall, 8:30 p.m.January 6Lying-In Hospital Benefit: Ionesco'sPedestrian in the Air, at the GoodmanThéâtre of the Art Institute of Chicago.36On June 3, 1875, Alexander Graham Bell first transmitted recognizable voicesoundson this ingenious instrument. It employed atightly stretched membrane,called "goldbeater's skin," which was sensitive to sound waves.90 years of téléphone progress toward better, f aster service!This year, 1965, the area-by-area introduction of fast, convenient Touch-Tone®phoning is well under way. Modem push buttons speed calling and open upmany new uses for your phone. For example: you may be able to shop byphone just by touching buttons to identify the merchandise you want— orpay bills through your bank the same way.Ihe 90 years between thèse two models hâve seen literally thousands of téléphonedesigns developed. And behind them ail has been a relentless search for new methodsand materials that would carry the human voice farther, faster, more clearly—and as free from trouble as humanly possible. That's why your téléphone and yourtéléphone service will always keep changing— for the better, jjTN Bell SystemAmerican Téléphone and Telegraphand Associated CompaniesNotable Works byCbicaeo Professons of HistorÀSIA IN THE MAK1NG OFVolume 1 Books S and 2The Century of Discovery By DONALD F. LACH. This volume and the fiveothers projected will be the first systematic historyof Asia and Europe in their historicaî interactionfrom 1500 to 1800. The traditional European viewof Asia, and the fresh information and new channelsby which it reached sixteenth-century Europe, aresurveyed in Volume I. "One can only admire theimmense industry and knowîedge, and the skill inmarshaling the évidence. "-GEOFFREY BARRA-CLOUGH, New York Review of Books. "No scholarbefore Donald F. Lach has attempted to survey theintricate web of relationships between Europe andAsia at such a level of détail. His book is a master-piece of comprehensive scholarship."— J. H. PLUMB,New York Times Book Review.965 pages (in two books), maps, plates $20.00THE POLITICSOF DISCRETIONPufendorf and theAcceptance of Natural LawBy LEONARD KRIEGER. Howrevolutionary ideas become respectable is incisively illustratedin this study of Samuel Pufendorf, seventeenth-century German courtier, jurist, historian,and theologian. Léonard Kriegerdescribes Pufendorf's strugglesto reconcile the ideals of thenewly prééminent theory ofnatural law with the institutionsof his time, and summarizes thetrends and controversies thatformed the background forPufendorf's views. "Goes be-yond the . . . writings of Pufendorf to seek the man himself inhis âge .... a portrait in depth"-PETER GAY, Columbia University.311 pages $6.50 THE CONQUEST OFTHE MATERiAL WORLDEssays on theCorning of SndustrialismBy JOHN U. NEF. Within a beliefin the powers of individual décisions to play a leading part indetermining the world we livein, John Nef traces the historicaîprocess which has led the Westinto industrialism. Thèse essays,written over a period of thirtyyears, and now revised or re-written, focus upon Europeanhistory from 1450 to 1640. Theydemonstrate that the évolutionof industrialism cannot beunderstood merely as an économie phenomenon. ". . . alearned and passionate book bya very notable and unique his-torian/'-E. J. HOBSBAWN, NewYork Review of Books.408 pages $8.95 EUROPE'S SFRONTIER:EPPEi 500- 1 800A Study of îheEastward Movement sn EuropeBy WILLIAM H. McNEILL ". . .from William H. McNeill, whosevolume on The Rise of the Westwon such high praise, we hâve astudy of Hungary and the neigh-boring régions— Europe's steppefrontier from the Great Alfôldthrough Moldavia and Transyl-vania to the Sea of Azov— whichimpressiveiy demonstrates theimpact of the open frontier onEuropean history in its formativeperiod . . . . he interweaves notonly the historiés of a dozen ormore différent peoples but alsothe économie, religious, andsocial strands in the story."—GEOFFREY BARRACLOUGH,New York Review of Books.252 pages, maps $5.50THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESSChicago and London