m niversil¦ hicagoR r3 H •-.„ ^^ '¦mI *- ^ '¦'r^^|^r '1 H:i j •; i ^^^ByEteV '¦ ti ¦ i. 1 'F" 1 y ^^^ - ^k.?l Ht j7frt <4 nniuliVV 1111 J T SaIf you called this General Motors development engineer "moon-struck," he'dprobably agrée with you. For he's a member of the team whose objective isto put a man on the moon by 1970.Together with several hundred other engineers, scientists and technicians, heis contributing to the development, fabrication, assembly, intégration andtesting of the guidance and navigation System for the Apollo spacecraft. Hismind is literally on the moon— and how to get three men there and back safely.Educationally, he is highly qualified, but fast-changing technology requireshis constant study. If he does not hâve two degrees already, chances arethat he is working on a second right now under GM's tuition refund plan.Throughout General Motors there are hundreds of professionals like himworking on projects relating to our nation's space and défense programs. Liketheir counterparts who are developing commercial products, they are dedicatedGeneral Motors people.GENERAL MOTORS IS PEOPLE .. .PUBLISHED SINCE 1907 BYTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI ASSOCIATIONPHILIP C. WHITE, '35, PhD'38PRESIDENTHARRY SHOLLACTING EXECUTIVE DIRECTORTHE ALUMNI FUNDFERD KRAMER, '22CHAIRMANHARRY SHOLLDIRECTOREDITORIAL STAFFCONRAD KULAWASEDITORWILLIAM V. MORGENSTERNCONSULTING EDITORREGIONAL REPRESENTATIVESDAVID R. LEONETTI20 WEST 43 rd STREETNEW YORK, NEW YORK 10036PENNSYLVANIA 6-0747MARIE STEPHENS1195 CHARLES STREETPASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91103SYCAMORE 3-4545MARY LEEMAN420 MARKET STREET, ROOM 146SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94111YUKON 1-1180 VOL. LVII NO. 6Published monthly, October through June, by theUniversity of Chicago Alumni Association, 5733University Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637. Annuel subscription price, $5.00. Single copies, 50cents. Second class postage paid at Chicago, Illinois. Advertising agent: American Alumni Magazines, 22 Washington Square, New York, NewYork. ©Copyright 1965 The University of ChicagoMagazine. AU rights reserved. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOMAGAZINE? MARCH 19652 THE ALUMNI FUNDNew Targets for 19654 IN DEFENSE OF CAPRICEFrancis S. Chase8 FIFTH ANNUAL FOLK FESTIVALThe Folklore Society's three-day eventSymposium on Saul Bellow's HERZOG12 Philip Toynbee13 P. H. Lowrey16 Wayne Booth18 ERNST FREUND: SCHOLAR AND GENTLEMANFrancis A. Allen22 ALUMNI EVENTS22 CAMPUS EVENTS23 SPORTSHORTS24 QUADRANGLE NEWS27 ALUMNI NEWS32 MEMORIALSCREDITS— Line drawings on pages 5 and 7 by Virgil Burnett; Folk Festival photos onpages 8 to 10 by Stan Karter and Stan Shapin; photo of Mr. Hoyt on page 24 by StanKarter. Cover: woodeut (symbol of the Folklore Society), by Cari Kock.Ferd Kramer, '22, 1965 Alumni FundChairman (right), meets with ErrettVan Nice, '31, Vice-Chairman andChicago Area Spécial Gifts Chairman/^fcSET NEW TARGETS FORTHE ALUMNI FUNDTargets for the 1965 Alumni Fund Campaign hâve been raised to meet in-creased needs of The University of Chicago for unrestricted dollars.According to Ferd Kramer, '22, chairman of the annual alumni drive, gift aidthis year should be at least double that of previous totals to meet necessaryUniversity budget commitments. Important support is being received from business and corporations, but it is from alumni and other individuals that a largepart of the increased needs must be met.Last year, 8,732 alumni contributed $261,439.99 through the Fund, with anadditional 6,063 alumni sending $272,219.06 in response to the separate pro-fessional school appeals. This year the Fund alone has set a goal of $400,000to support the gênerai administration of the University.In order to achieve this dramatic increase in support, Kramer believes thenumber of contributors, as well as the size of their gifts, must be stepped up.\diàûCharles F. Cutter, '29 Cari S. Stanley, '40 Richard Schlesinger, '35THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE Burton Duffie, '31, AM '34MARCH, 196EAn advance gifts campaign in late December helped bring in over $125,000to date, about equal to the totals of last year at the same time. Success of the1965 drive dépends on almost doubling the pace from now on.Errert Van Nice, '31, heads the Spécial Gifts Committee in the Chicago area.Another key leader is Burton Duffie, '31, AM '34, chairman of the EducationCommittee, which solicits gifts among teachers. Supplementing the efforts of thepersonal solicita tion committees will be the annual spring mail campaign begin-ning in March. Richard Schlesinger, '35, is chairman of the CommunicationsCommittee.Personal solicitation committees will be organized in ail cities with 25 or morealumni. In 1964 there were 246 such committees. This year, Kramer hopes tohâve at least 300 committees in opération by mid-April.Under the chairmanship of Cari S. Stanley, '40, a National Recruitment Committee is helping Kramer enlist chairmen for the spring campaign in 29 of thelargest cities. Some of the alumni who hâve already agreed to head the drivein their communities include: Charles F. Cutter, '29, for the Chicago area;Ellmore C. Patterson, '35, for Metropolitan New York; Clayton L. Traeger, '42,Los Angeles area; Burton B. Moyer, Jr., '39, Washington, D. C. area; Mary E.Harvey, '41, San Diego-La Jolla area; James W. Phelps, '48, Denver; BrunswickA. Bagdon, '32, Atlanta; Kenneth F. MacLellan, Jr., '42, MBA'58, St. Paul; Dr.Alexander Lichtor, MD'42, Kansas City; Victor I. Smedstad, '50, JD'53, St. Louis;Budd Gore, '36, Cleveland; John E. Bex, '41, Harrisburg; and Daniel C. Smith,'37, JD'40, Tacoma.LAUNCH THE PRESIDENT'S FUNDThe President's Fund has been established toachieve a dramatic increase in support of The University of Chicago and to create a new vehicle for leadership and participation among alumni and friends.Its aim is to enroll sponsors who will contribute$1,000 or more for unrestricted purposes, in additionto their existing support of other University programs.Provost Edward H. Levi has made the point that"It's the last $1,000,000 that counts," referring to themargin of funds available for new departments andfor essential expenditures and innovations that helpkeep the University out in front.Président George W. Beadle and Provost Levi, to-gether with the other officers, the Deans and theFaculty, are dedicated to guiding the University to ever new levels of excellence. The President's Fundhas been developed to provide them with a substantialfund of unrestricted money to which they may turnto finance essential projects.President's Fund committees are now formed inChicago— Howard L. Willett, '30, chairman; New York—Ellmore C. Patterson, '35, chairman; Los Angeles—LeRoy D. Owen, '21, JD'23, chairman; and San Francisco— John G. Neukom, '34, chairman, with newcommittees in formation. Initial response to this newprogram has been encouraging with more than fortyalumni and friends of the University already enlistedas active committee members or as sponsors. ThePresident's Fund campaign will continue, and it ishoped to hâve 150 members by the end of the drive.Howard L. Willett, '30March, 1965 Ellmore C. Patterson, '35 John G. Neukom, '34THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE LeRoy D. Owen, '21, JD '23I—by Francis S. Chase,Professor of EducationIn Défense of CapriceAs the dominions of technology are expanded andconsolidated, how much freedom of choice will therebe in man's future? How much room for spontaneityand self-realization? How much opportunity to savorthe natural world and the outpourings of the free-ranging mind?Thèse questions may seem out of place in a nationpresumably committed to the building of a GreatSociety; but unless they are dealt with thoughtfully,we may find the gleaming, aseptic, and plenitudinousnew world lacking those qualifies which give a liftto the human spirit.Contemporary man seems not so much disturbedby the nightmare of total destruction as by a vaguegeneralized fear of losing those attributes which givelife zest. Some of the apparently irrational behavioramong students may reflect an uneasy feeling thateven now the engineered world is closing in, makingthem the acted upon rather than the actors in theirown development.For reasons not entirely capricious, therefore, Iundertake the défense of caprice as lively représentative of ail the spontaneous and expressive freedoms,a name for behavior that can not be programmed, thatdoes not manifest itself in accordance with laws, thatThis article is based on Professor Chase's addressto the 308th Convocation at The University ofChicago on December 18, 1964. is not predictable. It is the play of the human mind.It dips blithely into the unconscious and brings up aplethora of notions from which it discards and seleoliwith an artist's touch where the logic of choice is feltrather than reasoned. It always has been frowned upoiin society, always has been the gremlin of organization, and always has been terrifying to orderly, sedataminds. Nevertheless, throughout history it has enjoyeda wide range— always a familiar of bohemians, artisticand otherwise, and sometimes appearing in the midstof the most sober company.It must be admitted that the offspring of capriceare often unilluminating, unedifying, and uninstruc-tive; but, when mated with strong intelligence, capricehas generated a progeny of transforming ideas in thesciences as well as in the arts, and in industry as wellas in literature. Even within the brief history of thisuniversity there hâve been great scientists as well aihumanists whose expérimental and logical rigor wassometimes mixed with caprice; and it is not altogetherclear that we could hâve had one without the other.Many among the creators of the great industries inthis country were extremely capricious or willful menseldom governed by laws not of their own making.In some fields such as painting, poetry, and the theatri-cal arts, capriciousness tends to become a fashion, thuidefeating its own ends by becoming a rule instead ofan unpredictable déviation.In some persons caprice takes the perverse form etexploitation and enslavement of others. This suggestl4 THE UNIVERSITY* OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH, 1961that like other forms of liberty, it can be allowed freeplay only as long as it exhibits considération for theother needs of man, and for the needs of other men.One man's caprice should not ride on another's back.In the descriptions of the new computer technologyone encounters terms previously used to dénote humancharacteristics: memory, learning, thinking, and evenfeeling. This led a cartoonist to picture a computerincluding among its output the phrase "Cogito ErgoSum." I hâve observed that viewers tend to respond tothe cartoon with an uneasy laugh and, perhaps anExistentialist wonder as to whether the machine,having asserted its existence because it thinks, maysee this as a prologue to the promulgation of its essence. T&ose who, with scarcely repressed glee, foreseethe replacement of mostopérations of the humanmind with those of computers, take great comfortin the superior objectivityof the latter and the absence of caprice. Yet, eventhe high priest of cyberna-tion, the late Norbert Wiener, in his comments onhighly developed techniques of combining theoutputs of large numbers ofscientists, wondered whether a génération condi-tioned by working withmembers of a team in hugelaboratories, will be able to"fumish the colossal ideason which colossal projectsnaturally rest." My ownnotion is that the colossalideas more often than notarrive in the company ofcaprice and contemplation.Jacques Ellul in the Tech-nological Society, FriedrichGeorg Juenger in the Failure of Technology, and manyothers, in their several ways, hâve expressed concernlest technology and its handmaiden, rational organization, should reduce men to automatons. When BraveNew World and 1984 seem less like fiction every day,it is not pointless to ask: Will technology, conceived asan extension of man, reverse the rôles so that manends as an extension of technology?Juenger, perhaps the most pessimistic of the writerson technology, sees death and universal destruction asthe end. He casts technology in the rôle of the enemyof ail that has to do with life or creativity. SigmundFreud in his Civïlization and Its Discontents has aninteresting footnote in which he points out that Goe-the's Mephistopheles is the embodiment of the instincts of destruction. Freud says "as his adversary, the devilhimself cites not what is holy and good, but the powerin nature working towards the création and renewalof life." To Juenger, technology is the modem Mephistopheles warring on ail that is natural, alive, spon-taneous, or capricious.Thèse views seem unduly pessimistic; but the présent concentration on the élaboration and perfection oftechnique does raise a legitimate concern for theneglect of those qualities which set man apart fromhis machines. Is there no further use for the unfetteredimagination, the free-roving mind, the unplanned act?Is spontaneity to hâve no elbow room in modem business, in government, in éducation, in research? Howcan individuality be protected from the pressures incomplex organizationswhere persons as well asthings are manipulated forefficient attainment of pre-determined ends?Thèse questions arisefrom two related concerns.The first is that we may beso carried away by themarvels of the new technologies as to lose the powerto set ends not attainableby technical means. Thesecond is that in the choiceof means, we may mistakethe technically efficient forthose which might con-tribute to a fuller realiza-tion of human potential andsatisfaction.The drive to make ail behavior orderly, predictable,and an instrument of production makes caprice seemanachronistic if not down-right subversive; yet itcould be the saving grâceto ease the grip of conformity and dehumanization.Contemplation, though often by caprice disturbed, forits own survival must join the défense; for, the pensiveman is no more welcome than the capricious one in therealms where effectiveness and efficiency hold undis-puted sway.Effectiveness has always enjoyed, and deserved, acertain amount of allegiance from men. Witness theadmiration in ail societies for "the man who can getthings done," for the neat solution, the parsimoniousexplanation, the objective achieved with speed andprécision. Yet only the transformation of Westernsociety through dominance of scientific modes of in-quiry and a pragmatic approach to valuing has ele-vated effectiveness to unquestioned pre-eminence.MARCH, 1965 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 5Bear in mind that it is not science and pragmatism intheir own terms that I refer to, but both as they enterinto popular culture in a work-oriented society. Pragmatism made respectable the already well developedtendency to judge any action by its effects, and sciencewas seen as the kind of knowledge that could beapplied to match ends to means. It is not surprisingthat effects tend to be equated with material effectswhich are readily observable and measurable. Byextension nonquantifiable effects became an irritationto be ignored or dealt with by defining them in quanti -fiable terms.Under the sway of effectiveness we seek the efficientcause, demand that behavior be purposeful, eliminatewaste motion, and insert corrective mechanisms toregulate the behavior of both men and machines. Thegains from this way of thinking hâve been not incon-siderable. They may be measured over the period ofthe last several décades in the multiplied productivityper man hour and in the increased consumption perperson. Our wonder at thèse blessings has led ussometimes to talk as if man existed only to produceand to consume, with the emphasis in each case onmaterial goods.As long as the worship of effectiveness was confinedlargely to industry and warfare, most of us were will-ing to accept the gains with only slight tinges ofregret at some of the unfortunate concomitants. Today,however, obeisance is being paid to effectiveness insuch previously loosely ordered activities as politics,éducation, and even récréation. In éducation, pragmatism and the behavioral sciences hâve helped not onlyto pave the way for introduction of the newer technologies, but in their vulgarized form hâve served alsoto east suspicion on effects that cannot be measuredand on behavior not clearly ordered to the achievementof predetermined purposes. The idéal of human lifethat émerges is that of the productive life; and thenotions of productivity corne to be applied more andmore ruthlessly to learning, to research, and even toactivities formerly engaged in only for enjoyment. Joyitself is to be strained, measured, and apportioned asinducement to or reward for productivity.This manner of thinking leads to defining éducation as the bringing about of désirable, or desired,changes in behavior. The desired changes must be pin-pointed and specified in sufficient détail to enable thesélection of learning expériences calculated to producethe desired behaviors. It is only a logicàl extension toprogram the behaviors in such a way as to eliminatewasteful trial and error approaches and to insert control mechanisms which will monitor the behaviorsproduced, compare them with desired performancestandards, and provide the basis for corrections in theprogram until the desired results are attained.Although the notion that man may become the slaveof his own technology is not pure fantasy, I would argue that technology cannot enslave man unless edycation neglects its obligation to wage war with "evervform of tyranny over the mind of man." It is not themachines we hâve to fear but the machine-like man-not the new techniques but the treatment of personsas techniques; not new knowledge but the dehumanùzation of knowledge.Education and technology since the beginning 0fcivilization hâve been complementary ways throughwhich man has sought to corne to terms with an in.tractable environment: Through the former he hassought to increase his own powers; and through thelatter has extended his controls over his environmentIn the past éducation has contributed to, guided, andsometimes checked the development of techniques; buttoday there seem to be forces which tend to makethe one indistinguishable from the other.Undoubtedly technology is invading éducation-whether as master or servant is not yet clear. Pro-grammed instruction, learning Systems, and the appli.cation of computer technology are only some of theoutward signs of an inner change inhérent in definingéducation as changes in behavior, and the conséquentattempt to find the most expeditious means to producethe desired behaviors.SOCRATES is again threatening traditional peda-gogy. It is not, however, the Socrates of the classicaldialogues, but a System invented by two psychologistsat the University of Illinois Training Research Labora-tory, and called by the contrived name: "System forOrganizing Content to Review and Teach EducationalSubjects." This new SOCRATES visualizes the studentas a mechanism receiving an input, to which it re-sponds with an output, to which performance standards are applied to permit a feedback which willmodify the input until the performance standards aremet. The authors of the new SOCRATES say "learningcan be optimized by rules that guide the contingenciesemployed to présent materials to différent abilitylevels." There is no room for caprice in such a mode!.From Socrates I to SOCRATES II in 24 centuries:What hath man wrought?There came to my desk this week a report on schoolscheduling by computer entitled "The Story of GASP,"the last word being made of the initiais of GeneralAcadémie Simulation Programs. The authors, com-menting on the master program made possible by theopérations of a large digital computer, déclare: "Fora given school year, it sets forth in précise détail whois going to do what for every period of every day inthe week."The authors make much of the new freedom andflexibility made possible by computer scheduling; butone cannot help feeling they may hâve given awaytheir unconscious motivation by the choice of the nstmeGASP, before which a willful fancy is tempted to insert "humanity's last." I must add, however, that I hâve6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH, 1965visited one of the schools experimenting with computer scheduling à la GASP and received the impression that at least in this case the students had gained,rather than lost, freedom.We now hear that children can learn to read by âgethree— and presumably ought to do so. We note theemphasis on speed in reading. We are told that any-thing can be learned by any child at any âge andwe see a conséquent pushing down even ;into thekindergarten of basic concepts from the physical andsocial sciences. The question is: What place is reserved for free-play, for f antasy, for random learnings?It may not be prématuré to raise such questions inview of the past history of over-emphasis and misappli-cation of théories and techniques in the field of éducation. The same ear-to-the-wind-of-change educatorwho once enthroned "permissiveness" and the "éducation of the whole child," and later made a fetish ofstandardized tests, is now bowing before the redis-covered "disciplines" and the "spiral curriculum." Incompany with the journals in search of a cause, thistype of educational administrator is now beating thednims for team-teaching and non-grading especiallywhen combined with computer scheduling and newly-feveloped instructional technologies.Today, that most undisciplined of institutions, theuniversity, is feeling the impact of the social engi-neers and the behavior-programmers. They and the^anagerial class previously had only uncertain toe-Ws within the precincts of great universities; but with the multiplication of government projects, con-tracts, and foundation grants their numbers hâve mul-tiplied. The increased emphasis on measurement andmanagement is not due primarily to invasion of theuniversity by organizers and quantifiers from government and industry. No, it is a home-grown product;and the universities are now vying with each otherin the development of the new breed of specialists incontrol mechanisms and cyberculture, as well as inthe care and f eeding of those who organize expéditionsto seek treasure in foundation and government coffers.Until recently the truest statement that could bemade about the governance of universities was thatessentially they were ungoverned, that is to say theygave the widest possible range to caprice. Today, however, there are powerful men within the universitiesas well as outside who would root out caprice and hangit to desiccate in the arid air of rational organization.Do not misunderstand me. I regard the managerialclasses as indispensable to the opération of universities.Capriciousness is no fun if there is no order to disrupt.The function of management is to tidy up after theimpetuous and to set things in order for the capriciousto disorder. This balance of power between order andcaprice is what has made the universities so delight-fully irrational; but the balance is now threatened bya new breed of académie administrator armed withcomputers.The issues and problems involved in giving effectiveness its due without allowing it to engulf ail of life,and in holding on to values not realizable throughtechnical means are too complex to be stated withinthe limits of this paper. The intent, therefore, is simplyto stimulate thinking as to the respective rôle of technology and éducation and ways of keeping our societyattuned to the essential needs of man, including thoseto which technology cannot minister.I venture to suggest that the study of technologymay become an essential part of gênerai éducation sothat citizens may understand its nature and its usessufficiently to make it an instrument of man's élévationrather than a new impediment to his own fulfillment.The specialized technologies of inquiry known asscience would, of course, be emphasized along withthe technology of thinking and communicating em-bodied in mathematics; and the ways in which technique enters into and transf orms the economy, government, warfare, éducation, and society in gênerai wouldreceive critical attention.In short, I am suggesting that éducation should con-tribute to man's control over his technology. This willnot corne from a study of technology unless studies inhistory, literature, philosophy, and the fine arts arepursued in a manner conducive to developing a senséof continuity and identity with mankind's long struggleto fill his life with meaning and to match his actionsto his aspirations. D^ARCH, 1965 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 7George ArmstrongFIFTH ANNUAL FOLK FESTIVALRobert Pete WilliamsStrmgbeanGlenn OhrlinThe evening concerts, always theheart of the Festival, performed tosellout crowds — which surprised noone, for the Fifth Annual Folk Festival brought the customary array ofboth raw and polished talent toMandel Hall: The Stanley Brothersand the Clinch Mountain Boys, TheBeers Family, Rev. Robert Wilkins,Glenn Ohrlin, Robert Pete Williams,Stringbean (Dave Akeman), DoctorRoss, Sarah Gunning, The PhippsFamily, Avery Brady, Peter Welding,Ellen Stekert, Harry Oster, ArchieGreen, Fleming Brown, and GeorgeArmstrong to fulfill his now tradi-tional piping at the opening of eachconcert.The Gand Family Singers atthe Sunday afternoon hoot-enanny: an amateur groupmade up of Bob Gand ofDeerfield, III., his son Gary,11, and his daughter Gale, 8.FOLK FESTIVAL:The Informai Events The Sunday afternoon hooten-anny at Ida Noyés Hall (lower right)gave local and visiting amateurfolk artists their only programmedand reasonably uninterruptedchance to perform. Otherwise theyhad the alternative, preferred bymany, of the free-for-all of impromptu wing-dings in the hall-ways and lounges of Ida Noyésand the Reynolds Club, where on-lookers and performers, brandish-ing instruments of every description, gathered to exchange songsand techniques.The folk dancing at Ida Noyés Gymnasium drew crowds to both participate inthe informai dances (above) and toobserve the exhibitions of the costumedethnie dance groups invited every yearto the Festival.Perhaps the most unique Festival eventsare the workshops, where performers fromthe concerts lead informai groups todemonstrate their techniques or just chaiabout folk music. Marty Beers (upperright), daughter of Bob and Evelyne ofthe Beers Family, played the now rarely-seen psaltery at the fiddle workshop atIda Noyés on Sunday morning.j. ..-^*^flM¦ * <^l*w i T «^lui , ¦% r > V l 1 îpi ¦ m•¦te*., s /*¦- - ^V^u ' • - *4 'L.4* ^ ^ ^rSaul Bellow, Professor on theCommittee on Social ThoughtA SYMPOSIUM:A BRITISH VIEW: Excerpts from PhilipToynbee's review of Herzog in The Observer,January 31, 1965.... a reviewer who arrives a little late onthe scène of triumph is tempted to begin mutter-ing that the emperor is naked after ail. Otherpeople's ballyhoo never rings so true or so jollyin our ears as our own. Yet I cannot imaginehow any critic will deny that Mr. Bellow haswritten a very fine book indeed— and probablyan even better book than any of his earlier ones.Ail I can say against the American ballyhoo isthat the excellence of "Herzog" should not hâvebeen a surprise to anyone who has read Mr.Bellow's earlier novels . . .I do not find this "a well-nigh faultless novel."Mr. Bellow has always displayed two very différent talents, and he has never quite succeededin making them pull together in harness. He hasa Dickensian zest for the description, and carica-turing, of individual human beings; and he hasa deep understanding of the gênerai state ofman's mind and spirit in this century . . .12 THE UNIVERSITY Saul Bellow'sHERZOGCHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH,A WRITER MOVES UPP. H, LowreyThe publication of ^Herzog makes it quite clearthat in Saul Bellow we hâve a major American writer-indeed it puts him in a unique position, for sinceWorld War II, which after ail ended twenty yearsago, no major talent of the stature of Hemingway orFaulkner or Dos Passos or Thomas Wolfe has emerged.We hâve had a number of talented writers working,but for one reason or another no one of them as yetpossesses the hallmark of the really important writer;the ability to produce not one good book, or two,but a whole séries of them. Norman Mailer, whoseThe Naked and the Dead was properly hailed as amajor book and not just another war novel, lookedgood even after The Deer Park, which was a différentkind of effort but an intense one. But he has dribbledoff into Advertisements For Myself. Robert PennWarren, who had already made something of a réputation for himself before the war, produced AU theKing's Men and appeared for a time to be the mostpromising writer around; but in successive attemptshe seemed to lose the précision and drive that hemost certainly had. World Enough and Time was alittle turgid; Brother to Dragons was a fine experimentin crossing poetry and prose to form a new dimensionfor the novel, but it failed; and his latest effort, Flood,contains only an écho of his real power. Meanwhilehe has turned more and more to poetry, and to a kindof historical reporting of the temper of the modemSouth that is valuable but is not to be counted inassessing him as novelist. William Styron, whose LieDown in Darkness presaged great things, tried veryboldy in Set This House on Fire to follow a good bookwith a better, but it got away from him and he hasto be judged finally only a very gallant attempt forthe truly big thing. And the others? Nearly ail ofthem seem to hâve produced only one excellent book:Perrin H. Lowrey, AM'48, PhD'56, is AssociateProfessor of English and Collège Humanities, andHead of the Humanities Section. He is author ofThe Great Speckled Bird and Other Stories, published last year by The Henry Regnery Co. like Ralph Ellison with Invisible Man, or BernardMalamud with The Assistant. Thèse last two shouldnot be counted out of the running, however; they maystill produce work that will put them in the veryfirst rank. But in the case of Ellison only a book ofessays and interviews has appeared, and Malamud'searlier and later work seems tamer than it shouldbe. There are other good American writers who mightbe named, to be sure, perhaps a score of them; butnone of them seems to me to be comparable to aFaulkner or a Hemingway.But Bellow is quite another thing. Herzog is hissixth novel, and while ail the others hâve real qualityof various kinds, this is by far the most ambitious andeffective work. In it he has done what no Americanwriter has really dared to do since Thomas Mannpublished The Magic Mountain— create a novel ofideas that is truly vast. As in Mann's great work,Herzog starts with people, and the people impressyou as convincing and three-dimensional. But thereis so much more beyond that. The mind of MosesElkanah Herzog is a very capacious one, and he seemsto hâve read everything that could possibly pertainto man's condition in the 1960's, and to hâve forgottennothing. Through a séries of brilliant devices, Bellowhas been able to hâve it both ways with his centralcharacter; he can présent him as a very tortured, verywarm and humane human being, and at the sametime can let him reflect on ail the important ideas,seemingly, that are the héritage of western man.Bellow's chief device for attaining this is one whichstems from a foible ail of us hâve, the writing-in-the-mind of letters that never get committed to paper.In Moses Herzog, however, this tendency has gone agreat deal farther than it does with most of us— heis as likely to write an imaginary letter to Teilhard deChardin or Nietzsche or even God as he is to thinkof writing to General Eisenhower or one of his manyfriends and enemies, or some dead member of hisfamily. And he goes beyond us, in his more torturedmoments, by actually starting to set down the letterson paper, or at least to make notes for future letters.Fundamentally, however, it is the quality of the letters,MARCH, 1965 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 13and their range, that fascinate. Hère is a portion ofone, which reveals the quality of mind that is at work:Dear McSiggins. I read your monograph, 'TheEthical Ideas of the American Business Community." A field day for McSiggins. Interesting.Would hâve appreciated doser investigation ofhypocrisy, public and private, in the Americanaccounting system. Nothing to prevent the individual American from claiming as much merit ashe likes. By degrees, in Populistic philosophy,goodness has become a free commodity like air,or nearly free, like a subway ride. Best of everything for everybody—help yourself. No one muchcares. The honest look, recommended by BenFranklin as a business asset, has a predestinarian,Calvinistic background. You dont east doubts onanother man's élection. You may damage hiscrédit rating. As belief in damnation vanishes, itleaves behind solid formations of Reliable Ap-pearances.The letters, however, are only one of the ways thatBellow lets us know what is going on in Herzog's verycomplicated mind. He has a vast array of friends ( andtwo ex-wives), sometimes earthy, sometimes very intellectual, with whom he talks; and thèse talks, alongwith Herzog's thoughts about them, along with flash-backs that the talks trigger, form one of the mostdiversified mosaics any writer has ever been able tomanage— any one page is a véritable torrent of things,thoughts, people, events, smells, history, politics, hurts,personal plotting, books, desires, beliefs, names— ailexpérience. And what is most impressive is that it isail under firm control. There is none of the mixingand jumbling found in Joyce's use of the stream-of-consciousness in Ulysses and yet there is almost asmuch range, vitality, sheer felt life throughout thenovel.The best way to illustrate is with a passage. Byway of explanation, June is Herzog's small daughter,who lives with Herzog's second ex-wife and her lover,Gersbach.The human soûl is an amphibian, and I hâvetouched its sides. Amphibian! It lives in moreéléments than I will ever know; and I assumethat in those remote stars matter is in the makingwhich will create stranger beings yet. I seem tothink because June looks like a Herzog, she isnearer to me than to them. But how is she nearto me if I hâve no share in her lifë? Those twogrotesque love actors hâve it ail. And I apparentlybelieve that if the child does not hâve a liferesembling mine, educated according to the Herzog standards of "heart," and ail the rest of it,she will fail to become a human being. This issheer irrationality, and yet some part of my mindtakes it as self -évident. But what in fact can shelearn from them? From Gersbach, when he looks so sugary, répulsive, poisonous, not an individualbut a fragment, a pièce broken off from the mob,To shoot him!— an absurd thought. As soon asHerzog saw the actual person giving an actualbath, the reality of it, the tenderness of such abuffoon to a little child, his intended violenceturned into theater, into something ludicrous. Hewas not ready to make such a complète fool ofhimself. Only selfhatred could lead him to ruinhimself because his heart was "broken." Howcould it be broken by such a pair? Lingering inthe alley a while, he congratulated himself on hisluck. His breath came back to him; and how goodit felt to breathe! It was worth the trip.Think! he noted to himself in the Falcon, ona pad under the map light. Demographers esti-mate that at least half of ail the human beingsever born are olive now, in this century. What amoment for the human soûl! Characteristicsdrawn from the genetic pool hâve, in statisticalprobability, reconstituted ail the best and ail theworst of human life. Ifs ail around us. Buddhaand Lao-tse must be walking the earth somewhere.And Tiberius and Nero. Everything horrible,everything sublime, and things not imagined yet.And you, part-time visionary, cheerful, tragicalmammal. You and your children and childrenschildren . . . In ancient days, the genius of mantoent largely into metaphors. But now into facts. . . Francis Bacon. Instruments. Then with in-expressible relish he added, Tante Zipporah toldPapa he could never use a gun on any one, neverkeep up with teamsters, butchers, sluggers, hooli-gans, razboiniks. "A gilded little gentleman."Could he hit anyone on the head? Could he shoot?The sudden shift in tone halfway through, alongwith the first thought at the beginning of the passage,is typical of the whole book; as he moves in the world,what that perceptive fellow who is inside Herzog'sskin sees, thinks, and feels, can change with dazzlingsuddenness. But there are as well long passages inwhich Herzog, alone, thinks more coherently, and inthèse there is built up a great deal of the past, pre-sented not in quite the usual way as most flashbacks,but almost as counterpointing in music. It should besaid quite clearly, however, that Bellow is not trying tomake the book a tour de force through technical innovations, but rather is using whatever means arenecessary to get at the quintessence of Herzog. And,perhaps what is of more importance, to get at thequintessential facts of life hère and now in 1965.What Herzog is trying to face up to is no less thanmodem man's dilemmas, ambiguities, contradictions.What he is trying to use is man's vast knowledge ofhimself and of his universe, ail philosophy and économies and politics and the sciences, ail psychoanalytictheory and ail social theory— thèse are his weapons14 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH, 1965against ail those terrible things in man, from pettypersonal meanness right on up to atomic holocaust. Ifjje can understand the heart and mind of Moses Her-z0g? and the hearts and minds of those around him,he feels he will hâve defined his own humanity, whatmakes him tick in his thingy world; by doing so hemay be proving that any man, perhaps ail men, cando the same. The really good humanistic trainingthat he has is his shield and his weapon, and his lively,penetrating mind makes excellent use of it. His ar-moury is vast, and cornes out in French, German,Yiddish, Italian, Hebrew, some Spanish, and an oc-casional word or two in the more exotic languages.But the thinking man, the^knowledgeable man, inHerzog is not so overpowering as ail this might sug-gest, he always sees everything that is human abouthimself, and ail that is human-made. There is neverany dodging of ail that is unpretty, just as there isa sure sensé that there is beauty as well. Comparethèse two descriptive passages:He drove directly to Woodlawn Avenue— a drearypart of Hyde Park, but characteristic, his Chicago:massive, clumsy, amorphous, smelling of mud anddecay, dog turds; sooty façades, slabs of structuralnothing, senselessly ornamented triple porcheswith huge cernent urns for flowers that containedonly rotting cigarette butts and other stainedfilth; sun parlors under tiled gables, rank area-ways, gray backstairs, seamed and ruptured concrète from which sprang grass; ponderous four-by-four fences that sheltered growing weeds. Andamong thèse spacious, comfortable, dowdy apart-ments where libéral, benevolent people lived(this was the university neighborhood ) Herzogdid in fact feel at home. He was perhaps as mid-western and unfocused as thèse same streets.(Not so much determinism, he thought, as lackof determining éléments— the absence of a forma-tive power.) But it was ail typical, and nothingwas lacking, not even the sound of roller skatesawkwardly gritting on the pavement beneath newsummer leaves. Two poky little girls under thegreen transparency of street lamps, skating inshort skirts, and with ribbons in their hair.Ail the while, one corner of his mind remainedopen to the external world. He heard the crowsin the morning. Their harsh call was delicious.He heard the thrushes at dusk. At night therewas a barn owl. When he walked in the garden,excited by a mental letter, he saw roses windingabout the rain spout; or mulberries— birds gorg-ing in the mulberry tree. The days were hot, theevenings flushed and dusty. He looked keenly ateverything but he felt half blind.Herzog can be as moved by the orioles who buildtheir swinging nest in his huge elm tree in Massachusetts (the tree is dying though, as ail men are) as he is by the tough-to-work-out in a Hegel text; he cantake in the contents of a woman's medicine chest("he studied Ramona's bottles— skin freshener, estro-genic deep-tissue lotion, Bonnie Belle antiperspirant.Then this crimson prescription— twice daily for upsetstomach. He smelled it and thought it must containbelladonna— calming for the stomach, mydriatic in theeyes.") just as readily as he can penetrate to the heartof someone's argument— "Very tired of the modemform of historicism which sees in this civilization thedefeat of the best hopes of Western religion andthought, what Heidegger calls the second Fall of Maninto the Quotidian or ordinary. No philosopher knowswhat the ordinary is, has not fallen into it deeplyenough."There it is, perhaps, in a nutshell. Moses Herzog,a highly intelligent and highly trained man, has falleninto the ordinary deeply enough to know ail aboutit, and into the extraordinary too. No sign is too smallfor him to miss, there is no pain or hurt or shamethat he has not known in some form, there is no facetof expérience that he feels is unimportant in the longrun, just as there are no ideas that are so big theycan frighten him. Observant, perspicacious, inquisi-tive, emotional, foolish, blundering, tangled, he isjockeyed, pulled, pushed, and is jockeying, pulling,pushing too. Struggling through life, struggling withlife, trying to get through to some means, some values,he cornes out in the end like the fighter he is—bloodied, torn, perhaps not victorious, but still on hislegs, still game, still ready to answer yet another bell.Very human. "He was a man," Hamlet says of hisfather, thus speaking volumes through underplay, andHerzog could hâve that as his epitaph; indeed hemight like it to be his epitaph. What that does notconnote, however, is the enormous density of the novelthat Bellow has produced. It is that feeling of weight-iness, of the surprising heft of the brick of gold, whichone cornes away with. It is a very solid novel indeed.It might not be amiss, since I started by mentioningBellow's other novels, to conclude with some accountof them. Each one has been différent, has tried tosolve its fictional problems in its own terms, and thatis a great strength in a writer. It is one of the marksof Faulkner's work, as it is not of Hemingway's—Faulkner seems always to strive to make the finalshape of the novel to fit what it is that he is tryingto do, and it is to Bellow's crédit that his novels priorto Herzog are very différent. Dangling Man, publishedin 1944, is a very différent kind of thing from TheVictim, which appeared in 1947. And the first reallylarge thing that Bellow tried, The Adventures of AugieMarch (1953) is startling precisely because it em-bodies a new prose style— a kind of welding togetherof many styles that had gone before. It is in one veryreal sensé a picaresque novel, and yet it is a great dealmore— Augie does not go from adventure to adventureMarch, 1965 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 15just for the sake of the thing, but because he is growing,expanding, changing. There is a purpose behind theadventures and, while the latter third of the book seemsto me to show a kind of tiredness, a slackening, it isstill a very solid achievement. Seize the Day (1956)runs directly counter to The Adventures of AugieMarch— instead of being long and loquacious, it is aThe preliminary shouting, most of it justified, is over.For the first time since Lolita we hâve a best sellerthat deserves its success. Herzog should no longerrequire either summary or praise. Let us begin, instead, those second and third readings which onlybooks as fine as Herzog can sustain. We will fînd, Ithink, that our major task is to corne to terms with thenovel's ideas.The reviewers hâve given the impression that onthe whole they see it as an engaging book, yes, cer-tainly, a splendid, engaging book, but. But what? Butmarred by an overload of ideas, or by a failure to arguethe ideas through, or (this in V. S. Pritchett, who an-noyed me most) by mère cleverness. No one has saidright out in meeting that the ideas of Herzog arebeyond him, but when a reviewer dismisses Bellow'swonderfully profound intellectual comedy as "high-class corn" one has one's suspicions.If Bellow is merely clever, I'd like to know whatcurrent novelist is profound. It is true that the bookis full of a kind of genuine cleverness (my kind is"genuine," y ours is "mère") that any humorist mightenvy: the simple, brilliant idea of having the cuckoldconduct an oblique battle against his deceivers bywriting wild letters "to the newspapers, to people inpublic life, to friends and relatives and at last to thedead, and finally to the famous dead"— finally, in fact,to God himself; the "clever" assemblage of fools andknaves, fully tricked out in their various kinds of non- polished gem of a book, done with that kind of pre„cision that some of Katherine Anne Porter's shortstories are done. It might be better not to talk aboutHenderson the Rain King (1959)— it is not one ofthose books that one wants to go back to, again andagain. But Herzog is a book that demands rereadingand Saul Bellow's stature is proved by it.sensé. But the real trouble seems to be that ail of thisis surrounded by, imbedded in, an Encyclopedia ofModem Ideas. "Dear Doktor Professor Heidegger, Ishould like to know what you mean by the expression'the fall into the quotidian,' When did this fall occur?Where were we standing when it happened? DearSpinoza, Dear Nietzsche, Dear Freud, Dear Professorthis and Herr Doktor that— what do we do with ail ofthis intellectual freight? I can think of few modemnovelists who hâve read, really read, as many SeriousBooks in Ail Fields as Bellow, or who hâve allowedas many signs of their hard reading to get into theirnovels. Aldous Huxley, perhaps; Thomas Mann; William Gaddis, whose Récognitions contains— or so I re-member it— a complète rédaction of the works ofPlato. Each of them can be defended, in his ownterms, but Bellow's mixture of idea and action is en-tirely his own. Does it finally hold together?Most other successful "novels of ideas" can be defended on the grounds that the ideas help déterminewhat happens. But as Bell Chevigny points out, inone of the best reviews of Herzog (Bellow recom-mends it too; go right now and read it in The VillageVoice, periodical room of Harper Library, east wall,bottom shelf , issue of October 8 ) : in this novel it isnot ideas, or even the intellect, that makes thingshappen. Neithers of Herzog's major décisions— to killhis deceivers and then not to kill them— springs directly from his elaborate mental battles. Both décisions"simply arrived." What's more, there is even a built-inrépudiation of intellectual solutions to life's problems:Herzog cornes, at the end, to a clear realization thatfor him there can be no intellectual proof for thevalidity of his joy, just as there could be no answerto his despair. His salvation consists, in part, of hisfinal ability to stop intellectualizing: "At this time hehad no message for anyone. Nothing. Not a singleword." But there is no suggestion earlier that MosesWayne C. Booth, AM'47, PhD'50, is Dean of theCollège and George M. Pullman Professor of English. He is author of the widely acclaimed TheRhetoric of Fiction, published in 1961 by the University of Chicago Press, and a regular contributorto the Carleton Miscellany. "Salvation Justified"appeared in the Literary Supplément of the ChicagoMaroon, October 23, 1964.SALVATION JUSTIFIEDWayne C. Booth16 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH, 1965("the child," "the leader," "the meek man"; see Web-ster's) Elkanah ("Godhath created") Herzog ("noble-man," the man of Herz, heart?) should not think;Bellow never suggests that Herzog, "that sufferingjoker," would hâve been ail right if he'd just stoppedthinking sooner. One can imagine a book with theimplied slogan, "Not with the head but the heart";Herzog's story is far from being that simple. But ifideas are hère neither as motivation nor as somethingto be repudiated, what are they for? I hope someone,somewhere, will take time soon to explain what seemsto me a radically new\vay of dealing with what Herzog calls the void. For now, three suggestions only:First— The Void threatens us, after ail, as idea fullyas much as it does as what is ordinarily called "expérience." Herzog expériences threatening ideas asother modem heroes expérience more spectacularforms of dégradation. He does not, as he himself says,really sink very far in other respects; the book couldnot hâve its wonderfully comic tone if he did. But inidea he faces the worst. With a mind that yearns fororder, he is forced to admit that he can find no order-and then to admit that "survival" does not dépend, ashe had thought, on being able to Think ThingsThrough. "How my mind has struggled to make cohérent sensé," he writes, in a letter to God. "I hâvenot been too good at it." To me, this dramatization ofthe comedy and poignance of the inevitably defeatedintellect is as real a way of facing the absurd as themore colorful dégradations of a Cass Kinsolving or aCharles Francis Eitel.The intellectuality does not offend, then, first because it is a good way— in fact, the best possible way-for this hero to face the threat of meaninglessness.It is a way that allows for the most ebullient kind ofmnning attack on those who, like the character Him-melstein, "were touting the Void as if it were so muchsalable real estate," though they "had never even reada book of metaphysics." At one point he argues witha lawyer-friend who is torturing him in the guise ofoffering help: "You think a fact is what's nasty.""Facts are nasty." And Herzog charges: "You thinkthey are true because they're nasty." Herzog wouldlike to face truth of ail kinds, even the truth of hisown loving soûl, and he faces the abyss, in part, bylooking honestly at those f addists of nihilism for whom"truth is true only as it brings down more disgrâceand dreariness upon human beings, so that if it showsanything except evil it is illusion, and not truth."Second— To attempt this kind of confrontation wouldbe itself absurd except for someone who knows thetriumphs and defeats of the intellectuals at first hand.Bellow knows philosophical and religious controversyfrom the inside, and the resuit is an authentic qualityin Herzog's imaginary confrontations with Spinoza,with Kierkegaard, with Nietzsche that is beyond most,perhaps ail, of his contemporaries writing in English (France seems to be another matter, though one findsa lot of phoniness there, too). Novelists need notcreate characters who face the abyss in any form,but when they do it is unfortunate if their ideas aboutit are expressed in the third-hand existentialist termsof, say, Percy's The Moviegoer. For the opposite ofthis, take a long look at the letter to Nietzsche. To mytaste, Herzog goes as far as any fictional work cango, without becoming philosophical dialogue, in facingthe "piercing questions" described in that passage.Third— But there is something deeper about the wayHerzog's ideas are handled, something that I reallydon't quite know how to describe. Herzog, after ail,is saved, saved to joy and affirmation, and he is thus nota la mode. Generally speaking, heroes in our time aresaved, if at ail, only in commercial fiction. In seriousfiction, they are damned because they live in a damneduniverse. Herzog is not damned because— ah, but hèrelies the crux, the reviewers say: the reasons are notadequately given. But the very point is that thereasons can not be given, as reasons. Herzog is savedbecause he is not damned, which ultimately must meanbecause his universe is not entirely cursed. No wonderthat Herzog must often put his battle and its partialresolution in religious terms. Like Job, he cannot"explain his condition" or the terms of his final, un-eamed survival: "But hâve desired," he says to God,"to do your unknowable will, taking it, and you, without symbols. Everything of intensest significance. Es-pecially if divested of me." Though he will accept"no abject comfort," he knows that he owes God "alife," and that he "must play the instrument I've got."I hâve always felt that Job was weakest when mostsolemnly accepting the incomprehensibility of things.It will not do, somehow, simply to say yes to Godunless— as in some parts of Job and in many parts ofHerzog— the yes is dramatized as some form of humanjoy. And it is hère that the most curious effect ofHerzog's intellectual outpourings cornes in. His verbalbounce, his wit, his half-zany combativeness with thegreat dead philosophers— his intellectual vitality inshort— affirms his rédemption long before he discoversit himself. The sheer joy of the book is in part Herzog'smental delight.It is not just the healing effect of laughter, talkedof so much thèse days: even the most solemn mentalbattles hère hâve an exubérance that concretely,dramatically réfutes anyone who would say that thereis nothing good in the world. A universe that canproduce this kind of delight-in-despair is itself re-deemed.I recently read in a British journal that it is a curseto be alive in a time when civilization has totally de-cayed. I would prefer to attempt Herzog's kind ofhonesty: no world is wholly lost, no time is whollydecayed, when books like Herzog are being writtenand read. ?MARCH, 1965 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 17HSyS»by Francis A. Allen,University Professor in the Law SchoolERNST FREUND:SCHOLAR AND GENTLEMANThis évaluation of Ernst Freund, LawProfessor and luminous figure of the firstfour décades of the University, is excerptedfrom Francis A. Allen's introduction to anew édition of Freund's Standards of American Législation, to be published by TheUniversity of Chicago Press early in April.Mr. Allen, University Professor in the LawSchool, provides in his introduction an ex-tensive discussion of Freund's légal scholarship which regrettably must be omittedfrom this condensation.Ernst Freund is one of the great and distinctivefigures in the history of American légal scholarship.The high regard of his contemporaries is perhaps suf-ficiently suggested by Mr. Justice Frankfurter's trib-ute: "I don't think I ever met anybody in the académieworld who more justly merited the characterizationof a scholar and a gentleman than did Ernst Freund."A more particular récognition of Freund's unique contribution was expressed by an English légal periodicalat the time of his death: "Ail [of Freund's] treatiseshâve a very peculiar quality of their own, unlike any-thing else in the whole range of English and Americanlégal literature. The author's Teutonic éducation produced an inexhaustible industry, a remarkable capaci-ty for inventive classification, and a power of subtleand penetrating analysis . . . He stands out preemi-nently as 'a pioneer in scholarship,' to quote the phraseused in the dedication to him of [a] recently published volume. . . ."Perhaps the most persuasive démonstration ofFreund's quality may be found in the facts that, al-though his major préoccupations were in the most fluid and volatile of légal subject matters— constitu-tional law, administrative law, and législation— and al-though his first major work appeared sixty years ago,his writing still possesses the power to stimulatethought and to illuminate contemporary issues. Un-doubtedly there are many reasons for the continuingrelevance of his work.One of the most important of thèse was Freund'swillingness to relate his writing to a broad base ofsocial theory which was, in turn, the product of hisremarkable érudition and the wide range of his interests and sympathies. Unlike many of the great légalscholars of his era, he did not dévote his life to theélaboration and rationalization of particular areas ofcommon-law adjudication. This is not to say, of course,that Freund was indiffèrent to légal issues possessingimmédiate utilitarian importance. A glance at his bibli-ography reveals clearly enough that Freund was in-terested in much that is of direct concern to thepracticing attorney.But it is significant that, with one possible exception, none of Freund's major treatises can be describedas a practical guide to litigation or counseling. Hisimportant study of The Police Power might be socharacterized, and Freund himself is said to hâvemodestly intended the work as a "practitioner's hand-book;" but no modem reader is likely to accept thisas an adéquate description. ... If Freund's influencewith the bench and bar was less striking than that ofcertain other légal scholars of his génération, it waslargely because of his refusai to dévote his principalattention to matters of immédiate professional concern.But the very depth and breadth of his interests con-tributed to the survival of his work and go far toexplain its présent importance.18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH, 1965Enist Freund was born in New York on January 30,1864, while his German parents were paying a briefvisit to the United States. His early éducation wasalmost wholly German. He was a student at the Kreuz-schule in Dresden and the Gymnasium at Frankfort-am-Main, and he later attended the University of Berlinand the University of Heidelberg, where he receivedthe degree of JUD in 1884. Shortly thereafter Freundmigrated to the United States, and practiced law inNew York City from 1886 until 1894. He began histeaehing career at Columbia Collège in 1892, whenhe joined the faculty as acting professor of administrative law. He was granted a PhD in political sciencefrom Columbia in 1897. In 1931, the year before hisdeath, he received an honorary LLD from the University of Michigan.In 1894, Freund began his thirty-eight years ofassociation with the University of Chicago when heaccepted an appointment to the political science faculty as instructor in Roman law and jurisprudence. Hequickly gained an enviable réputation as a teacherand a scholar; and when, in 1902, the Law School ofthe University of Chicago was established, Freund wasappointed to the original faculty as professor of law.Within two years Freund had published The PolicePower, and in the three décades that followed he produced a steady stream of articles, books, teaehingmaterials, and reports, including his best known writing: Cases on Administrative Law (1911, 2d éd.,1928); Standards of American Législation (1917); Administrative Powers over Persons and Property ( 1928 ) ;and Législative Régulation (1932). In 1929, he wasappointed the first John P. Wilson Professor of Law.In 1916, he married Harriet Walton. She and twoadopted daughters survived his sudden death on October 20, 1932.Ernst Freund is remembered as more than a légalscholar. For ail his dévotion to intellectual pursuits,his life reveals an admirable amalgam of the activeand the contemplative. Being a practical législativedraftsman of unusual skill, he was inevitably drawninto vigorous campaigns for législative law reform.He played a principal rôle in the drafting of the newcharter for the City of Chicago. In 1908, he was appointed by the Governor of Illinois to the NationalConférence of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws,a position he was to occupy until his death almost aquarter-century later. From 1915 to 1927, he was amember of the conference's Committee on Scope andProgram, and contributed importantly to décisionsconcerning the subjects to be undertaken for uniformlégislation. The Report of 1922, dealing exhaustivelywith the policy and future program of the organization was largely his.In addition, Freund formulated many of the standards governing the drafting of uniform législation and Ernst Freundpersonally prepared a substantial number of the uniform acts. This drafting activity encompassed an im-pressive range of subjects: marriage and divorce,guardianship, child labor, narcotic drugs, and manymore. But Freund was not content to play merely adraftsman's rôle; he actively participated in the promotion of législative reform. His correspondence reveals many instances of his involvement in law-reformefforts throughout the country. He was especiallyprominent in obtaining législative acceptance of uniform législation in Illinois. At the time of his death,Illinois had adopted fourteen of the uniform acts, ailbut one of which were enacted while he was a member of the Conférence.In anticipation of the convention which draftedthe proposed Illinois constitution of 1920, Freund wasretained as counsel by the City of Chicago. After aperiod of research, drafting and consultation, Freundformulated provisions dealing with local governmentbased on the principle that Chicago should "possessfor ail municipal purposes full and complète power oflocal self-government and corporate action." The reaction to thèse proposais and Freund's skill in promot-ing them has been described by a contemporaryobserver as follows: "Instantly he became the targetof attacks. Men spurred by sectional feeling or politicalaims, assailed him as an impractical visionary, deridedhim as a fanciful professor. Against thèse attacks heMarch, 1965 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 19ERNSTw -M FREUNDarrayed fundamentals of government, constitutionalprinciples. He restated his views with courteous déférence but with learned authority. Toward changes inphraseology he interposed no pedantic pride; but,against any change that might be an impediment inthe path of progress, he was adamant. The force ofhis intellect, the integrity of his character, and thecharm of his personality triumphed. The majorityrallied to him. His provisions, granting home rule toChicago, were adopted as proposed!"One of the prominent aspects of Freund's characterand personality was what writers of the past génération sometimes described as a social conscience. Hewas moved by the human problems of an industrialcivilization, and responded to movements for theamélioration of suffering and distress. To some extentthèse interests were reflected in his scholarly production, as in his study of illegitimacy laws, commissionedby the Children's Bureau of the United States Department of Labor. He maintained close contacts withpersons engaged in Chicago's welfare and social-workprograms.He took an active rôle in founding the School ofSocial Service Administration at the University ofChicago in 1920. He was a member of the first boardof the Immigrant's Protective League and continuedhis affiliation with the organization for some twenty-five years, serving for u time as its président. Hedrafted the act which established the Illinois StateImmigrants' Commission. In her mémorial tribute tohim, Jane Addams said: "He never once failed to besensitive to injustice and preventable suffering." Har-riet Vittum, another prominent social worker of theperiod, described him as one of the most useful menin Chicago.Teaehing was undoubtedly one of the central con-cerns of Freund's life. He had strong views on thelégal éducation of his time, and he sought to achievecertain reforms in the methods and substance ofAmerican law teaehing. His former students recallFreund with affection and respect, and many remem-ber him as the great teacher of their days at theUniversity. A graphie picture of Freund's methods inthe classroom was sketched by one of his students:His passionate eagerness and dynamic enthusiasmfor his subject made thèse classes, particularly the one20 THE UNIVERSITY OF in Statutes, the intellectual climax of each studet\&\day. Not, however, that we claimed at that time thatwe understood him fully. Or that he made us contentOn the contrary, we emerged from the class in Staiutes uncomfortable, confused and bewildered. Mostof us had spent more than two years in the orderhprocess of tracing the intricate designs of the mosakof judge-made law, carefully laid down in the hk.torical-approach casebooks of the period.But Mr. Freund swept us from the German CivilCode to the English Acts of Parliament, to the Statutesat Large of the Congress and into the myriad sessionlaws and statute books of the several states, wherecould be found for our guidance no rationalizationsin written opinion or treatise. Worse still, we wereplaced in the position of legislators or draftsmen facing prospectively a problem. Policies had to be de-termined, the appropriate devices discovered withwhich thèse policies could be best expressed and theiradministration and enforcement facilitated. It was ourfirst contact with the distressing uncertainties invohedin the constructive formulation of the law, our firstattempt to cope with anticipated difficulties.The picture of Ernst Freund at leisure and in hissocial contacts émerges with unusual clarity from thecomments of those who knew him. He was modestand unassuming in manner and managed his humanrelations with unfailing courtesy and considération.The range of his private interests was exceptional.Mr. Justice Frankfurter recalls his "exquisite appréciation for and pursuit of music and painting and thearts generally." Another interest is rather unexpectedlyrevealed in Standards of American Législation. Dis-cussing the then-recent législative assaults on horse-racing in the state of New York, Freund observed:"It is understood that this drastic législation has effec-tually done away with the previous System of legalizedgambling, but that it has also been prejudicial if notfatal to the raising of thorough-bred horses in theUnited States." Freund proved to be a poor prophet,but one welcomes this évidence of his appréciation ofgood horse flesh. "The wide range of his reading andhis interest in human beings made him a delightfulmember of any company. His unique talents madehim a leader in his profession and in intellectual lifeof the University. The integrity of his character andthe constancy of his affections made and kept for hima host of friends."The life of Ernst Freund spans the years betweenthe Civil War and the New Deal. In this period "thegreat transformation" in American life occurred. . . •Throughout the Western world, the forces of changeproduced a new âge of législation. In the United States,the Interstate Commerce Act of 1890 and its subséquent amendments inaugurated an era of fédéral régulation and established many of the characteristic fea-tures of American administrative law. The ShermanAct was only the most conspicuous of the numerouslégislative enactments directed against the trusts. Inthe décade between 1889 and 1899, for example, someCHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH, 1966seventy anti-trust statutes were adopted in twenty-seven state and fédéral jurisdictions.In the second décade of the twentieth century theClayton Act and the Fédéral Trade Commission begantheir careers. Factory législation, laws regulating theliours of labor and other aspects of the labor contract,v^orkman's compensation, public utility régulation,and agitation for schemes of social insurance becameprominent features of American life at or near theturn of the century. This remarkable outburst of législative innovation brought with it judicial reaction andrestraint. . . .Throughout his prof essional life Freund viewedthèse occurrences with interest and concern. Hebrought to his analysis an unmatched knowledge ofcomparable législative developments in the indus tri-alized societies of Western Europe. He was one ofthe first American scholars to give detailed attentionto the problems of achieving efficient and effectivegovernment while preserving individual rights andvolition in an âge of widespread législative régulation.Freund was no uncritical admirer of ail that had beendone in the name of législative reform. . . .But if the main tendencies of modem législation maybe regarded in some sensé as inévitable, Freund didnot doubt that the form and impact of législativerégulation could be significantly controlled and con-ditioned by deliberate and intelligent effort. Nor didhe doubt that f ailure to take appropriate precautionarymeasures may resuit in the most serious conséquencesto vital social and individual interests. . . .Freund's views on American légal scholarship andAmerican légal éducation require brief attention, because they constituted an intégral part of his thoughtand contributed in some measure to his continuinginfluence. The Law School of the University of Chicago was opened on October 1, 1902. An agreementhad been reached with Harvard Law School for Professor Joseph H. Beale, Jr., to serve as the first deanof the new school. There is some évidence that Président Harper of the University of Chicago originallyconceived of the new school primarily as an institutefor scholarly research rather than as a school for thetraining of prof essional practitioners.Freund resisted this concept and argued that theeffectiveness of the new school depended upon itsbeing placed on a sound prof essional basis; and hisview of the matter ultimately prevailed. Nevertheless,only six months before the Law School was scheduledto open, a letter from Dean James Barr Ames of Harvard to Président Harper protested Freund's views oflégal éducation and suggested that if they were toprevail, Professor Beale ought not to undertake thetemporary deanship at Chicago. "I understand it tobe your wish and purpose," wrote Dean Ames, "toestablish at your University a law school resemblingas closely as possible in its curriculum, methods of study, and quality of its Faculty, the Harvard LawSchool."But a récent conversation with Professor Freundhad raised serious doubts about the latter's commit-ment to thèse goals. Dean Ames lists three principalareas of disagreement. First, Freund had "suggestedthat two-ninths of the work leading to the degreeshould consist of subjects belonging properly in thedepartments of Political Science or Sociology." Second,Freund would admit non-lawyers to the faculty toteach non-legal subjects, whereas the success at Harvard was "due in no small degree to the solidarity ofour Faculty and to its concentration upon the workof teaehing the law pure and simple." Finally, DeanAmes suspected that Freund's commitment to the casemethod of instruction was something less than whole-hearted. Appropriate assurances were apparently provided, since Professor Beale came to Chicago as deanof the Law School and made an important contribution to the School's establishment and early development.Considération of Dean Ames' concerns provides aconvenient device for examining Freund's views onlégal éducation. Sometime early in 1902, Freund pre-pared a proposed three-year curriculum for the newschool. Some of the proposais were entirely conven-tional, but others must hâve seemed at the time toinvolve startling innovations. In the second and thirdyears, the students would hâve been required to electfive or six units from among such course offerings ascriminology, expérimental psychology, relation of stateto industry, and finance. It was this proposai whichseems to hâve particularly alarmed Dean Ames andProfessor Beale. But perhaps more significant wasFreund's emphasis on the public law subjects. Heproposed instruction in constitutional law and international law as part of the required first-year curriculum, and would hâve offered administrative lawand fédéral jurisdiction among the second- and third -year électives.Freund's proposed courses in non-legal subject matter did not survive the opening of the Law School;but his impact on the School's instructional programwas, nevertheless, clear. Thus, the 1902 cataloguestates the second objective of the school to be thecultivation and encouragement of "the scientific studyof systematic and comparative jurisprudence, légalhistory, and principles of législation." Administrativelaw became an established feature of the curriculum,and courses in international law were taught by members of the University's political science faculty. Inthe years that followed, Freund's own courses and theparticular emphasis of his interests strongly affectedthe character of the institution. Indeed, the nature andextent of Freund's influence led Mr. Justice Frankfurter to identify him as "the father of the LawSchool." QMARCH, 1965 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 21M,umniC^venlsCharter Flights to EuropeAlumni who hâve been members ofthe Alumni Association at least sixmonths prior to departure dates listedbelow, and their immédiate families,are eligible to participât e in StudentGovernment flights to Europe, firstclass on Air Canada DC-8's. Ail flightsdépart from Chicago and land inParis; return flights are from Londonto Chicago.Approx.Dates Cost[une 14-September 24 $290June 28-September 5 $310August 8-September 10 $310July 8-August 19 $400Contact: Student Government Office,1212 East 59th Street, Rooms 216-17,for more information, or phone Mld-way 3-0800, ext. 3272, Mondaythrough Friday from 1 to 5 p.m. only.A $50 deposit is required to hold aréservation, but the deposit can berefunded, less a $10 cancellation fee,until April 19.U of C on RadioFROM THE MIDWAY, WFMF,100.3 me, 7:00-8:00 a.m. A varietyof talks, interviews, and discussionsrecorded on the campus.THE WORLD OF THE PAPER-BACK, WFMF, 100.3 me, 8:15-8:30 a.m. Reviews of paperboundbooks of particular interest. RobertAlbrecht, Assistant Professor of English (Collège), is program host.FAITH OF OUR FATHERS, WGN,720 kc, 8:30-9:00 a.m. The pre-ceding Sunday's sermon from Rockefeller Mémorial Chapel.THE WORLD OF THE PAPER-BACK, WAIT, 820 kc, 4:30-4:45p.M. in January; 5:00-5:15 p.m. inFebruary; 5:15-5:30 p.m. in March.A rebroadeast of the 8:15 a.m. program.FROM THE MIDWAY, WAIT, 820kc, 4:45-5:45 p.m. A rebroadeast ofthe 7:00 a.m. program.CHICAGO DIALOGUE, WIND, 560kc, 7:05-7:30 p.m. Discussions ofthe physical, économie and socialproblems of Chicago. Program hostis Philip M. Hauser, Chairman ofthe Department of Sociology.THE SACRED NOTE, WBBM, 780kc, 7:45-8:00 p.m. A program ofsacred choral music by the Rockefeller Mémorial Chapel Choir, Richard Vikstrom, conducting.AU programs on Sundays. Campuô Cuvent âMarch 3rdLecture: Chicago Society of theArchaeological Institute of America. "Gor-dion and Anatolia," Rodney Young, University of Pennsylvania Muséum, 8:30p.m. at Breasted Hall.March 5thUniversity Symphony Orchestra: Wagner, "Overture to Die Meistersinger;"Bach, "Brandenburg Concerto No. 4;"Brahms, "Symphony No. 2 in D Major."Conducted by H. Colin Slim. 8:30 p.m.at Mandel Hall.March 6thSwimming: Chicago IntercollegiateSwim and Diving Championship. 10:00a.m. and 2:30 p.m. at Bartlett Gym.Admission: $1.00; no charge to Alumniwith membership cards.March 7th-8thChicago Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Jean Martinon: a program ofcontemporary music. 8:30 p.m. at Mandel Hall. Admission: $2.50, $2.00 forfaculty.March lOthLecture Séries: Developmental Biologyand Genetics. "Expérimental Approachesto Problems of Developmental Geneticsin Higher Organisms," Salome G. Waelsch,Department of Genetics, Albert EinsteinCollège of Medicine, New York. 4:00 p.m.,Zoology 14.March lOth• Track: U of C, Valparaiso University,and University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.6:00 p.m. at the Field House.March 13thCollegium Musicum Solo Ensemble,directed by Howard M. Brown: Germanand Italian music of the 16th and 17thcenturies including works by Carissimi,Monteverdi, Schuetz, and Senfl. 8:30 p.m.at Bond Chapel. March 14thOratorio séries: Beethoven, "MissaSolemnis." Performed by the ChapelChoir and members of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, conducted by RichardVikstrom. 3:30 p.m. at Rockefeller Chapel. Reserved seats, $4.00; gênerai admission, $3.00.March 17th-April 26thExhibition of Japanese kasuri (folkweaving ) , the first such show in the U.S.,10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays and1:00-5:00 p.m. Saturdays at the Renaissance Society gallery, Goodspeed Hall.March 20thTrack: UCTC relays: 10:00 a.m. and2:30 p.m. at the Field House. Admission:$1.00; no charge to Alumni with membership cards.March 27thTrack: Central AAU Championships.2:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. at the FieldHouse. Admission: $1.00; no charge toAlumni with membership cards.April 9thAeolian Chamber Players: Schoenberg,"Pierrot Lunaire" with Alice Howland,soprano, and Frank Miller, cellist; worksby Blackwood and Shapey. 8:30 p.m. atMandel Hall. Admission: $3.00.April lOthRussian Film Society: Orpheus. 7:30and 9:30 p.m. at Mandel Hall. Admission:$1.00.April llthOratorio Séries: Handel, "Israël inEgypt." Performed by the Chapel Choirand members of the Chicago SymphonyOrchestra, conducted by Richard Vikstrom. 3:30 p.m. at Rockefeller Chapel.Reserved seats, $4.00; gênerai admission,$3.00.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH, 1965SPORTSHORTSGYMNASTICS-On the home ap-paratus in Bartlett Gymnasium,Saturday, January 30, Chicago dom-inated the action in a double dualmeet with Northern Illinois andWheaton. Stevenson was the starperformer but the entire team dem-onstrated great improvement inevery event. Against Northern Illinois Chicago won 67-49 with Stevenson a winner in the Floor Exercise, Horizontal Bars, and LongHorse. Rockwood was the otherwinner in his specialty, the SideHorse.Wheaton Collège, in their firstyear of gymnastic compétition, lostto the Maroons 79-41. — Coach R.D. KreidlerTRACK-Thursday, January 28, Uof C Alumni track men edged thevarsity out by one slim point, 57-56, in a dual meet at the FieldHouse. The Alums were paced byLoomas who scored 17XA points,Watkins with 15, Higdon with 8,and Karcazes with 6%. The Alumscame from behind in a clutch performance in the mile relay withLoomas, Price, Baker, and Karcazesthe winning foursome. Varsity menwon six firsts: Nilsson in the Mile,Smith in the 60-yd. dash; Cotting-ham in the 880; Morrison in thepôle vault, and Kluessner in thebroad and triple jumps. — CoachEdward HaydonSWIMMING-George WilliamsCollège defeated Chicago for thefirst time in 18 years by winning adual meet in the George WilliamsPool, Friday, January 22, 50-30.Flory won the 200-yd. freestyle in2:05.5. Barnes won the 60-yd. freestyle in 31.6. Platt won the 200-yd.backstroke in 2:42.2, and the 400-yd. freestyle relay team of Goltz,Koch-Weser, Barnes and Flory wonthat event when George WilliamsWas disqualified. — Coach Moyle "B" BASKETBALL-The "B" teamwas trounced by a team of U of CAlumni 93-55, when a game withthe Capital Fédéral Blue Chips wascancelled.The "Bées" bounced right backand stung Illinois Collège of Op-tometry 91-48, their highest gamepoint total in five years. The Maroons were paced in a balancedscoring by Greenberg, Link, Cur-ran, and Murlas, who accounted fora total of 74 points among them.— Coach Steve UllmanFENCING-The Maroon fencingteam was only slightly confused byopening their 1965 compétitiveseason at Notre Dame, Ind., butfencing the State University of Buf-falo and Fenn Collège. They lostto Buffalo 15-12 and to Fenn 18-9.The Maroon bladesmen did acomplète turnaround and scored adouble win over Minois-Chicago and Indiana Tech on Saturday,January 30, in Bartlett Gym. ThePier Mini, competing in fencingfor the first time, dropped theirmatch to the Maroons 18-9. TheWarriors from Ft. Wayne gave Chicago somewhat stronger compétition but were defeated by Chicago15-12. — Coach Sanford PattersonBASKETBALL - Chicago varsity,made up primarily of frosh-sophpersonnel, continue to show improvement even though theydropped games to Wayne State andAlbion. Wayne outscored Chicago23 to 5 points from the free throwline. Campbell and Petersen fouledout in the final five minutes and theTartars clinched a 61-51 win.The Maroons did not see actionagain until Saturday, January 30,against Albion Collège, at the FieldHouse, in a seesaw battle whichChicago lost in the final seconds ofplay. The Britons had a 3-pointlead at half time but the old Maroon fight spirit was there and Chicago matched Albion point forpoint in the second half. Chicagowas out in front by three pointsbut with the clock running out theylost the bail to the Britons and thegame 64-63. — Coach John AngélusWRESTLING - Chicago matmenhâve lost their last three dual meets.Friday, January 22, they lost toLawrence Collège 21-11 on theBartlett Gym mats. Saturday, January 23, at North Park Collège, theywere defeated 26-6. Friday, January 29, they met a strong team fromNavy Pier and lost 26-6 on theBartlett Gymnasium mats. — CoachClifford Cox.M. Geisinger, Sports EditorMARCH, 1965 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 23Michael Hoyt on CampusNews of the QuadranglesCleveland Alumni DinnerFollowing a réception for Mrs.George W. Beadle at the HôtelSheraton-Cleveland, alumni, parents of students at the University,and educational and civic leadersgathered for dinner at the tenth-floor dining room of the HigbeeCompany store in downtown Cleveland.Mrs. Beadle's speech, whichmight be described as a shortcourse in urban sociology, offeredfîrst-hand insights into the problemsof urban renewal and social changein the Hyde Park-Kenwood community surrounding the University.Mrs. Beadle described the more im portant économie and social factorsinvolved as the community under-went a full cycle of change: froma time when the community wasone of the city's finest sections,through a period of décline, andinto the rehabilitation phase of récent years. "Citizens of Hyde Park-Kenwood and Trustées of The University of Chicago," she said,"undertook to 'reverse the irréversible.' The goal was physical rehabilitation and the création of astable inter-racial community ofhigh économie and social standards—a goal that has now been substan-tially achieved."mV' v* v^^^^L^ ^^1^T^^r^^^B 1 J ^t^m«•«•C- ' nL¦*mrifeMrs. George W. Beadle addresses the dinner guests on "Urban Change anda University Community." Seated from left to right are officers of the alumniclub in Cleveland, Miss Rosemary Locke, chairman of the event, Mr. BuddGore, and Mr. Alan Raphaël. Michael Hoyt, PhB'50, AB'55,former American Consul in Stan-leyville, who was imprisoned bythe Congolese rebels for three anda half months with his staff and thelate Dr. Paul Carlson, and subse-quently rescued by the dramaticBelgian paratrooper raid, recentlyvisited the University while onleave from the Foreign Service. Mr.Hoyt said that it was "deeply satis-fying to see the substantial growthof the University and the community in récent years."Mrs. Hoyt and their four childrenare presently staying in Tucson,Arizona. Mr. Hoyt will shortly report to Washington, D.C., wherehe will be assigned to the Opérations Center in the Secretary's Office at the Department of State.TENNESSEE PROJECT - TheSWPC (Southern Work ProjectCommittee) an ad hoc group ofUniversity students, meeting at IdaNoyés Hall, will contribute theirtime during the Spring intérim tohelp build a community center forNegro résidents of Fayette Countyin Somerville, Tennessee. Althoughthere are many more volunteers forthe project, because of housing limitations only thirty-five students willgo to Tennessee.PHYSICS AWARD- Eugène N.Parker, professor in the departmentof physics and at the Enrico FermiInstitute for Nuclear Studies, received the third annual Space Science Award of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautes24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH, 1965j0 January. The Space ScienceAward is presented for achieve-ments in the investigation of thephysics of celestial bodies' atmosphères and of the matter and fieldsexisting in space. Mr. Parker wassingled out "for distinguished individual research on the causes andproperties of the solar wind. . . .(His) contributions in this fieldhâve provided the principal basisfor our understanding of the physi-cal conditions that prevail in inter-planetary space, including the gase-ous médium, the magnetic fields,and the effects of thèse interplane-tary magnetic fields on solar cosmicradiation."The American Institute of Aero-nautics and Astronautics wasformed in 1963 by the merger of theAmerican Rocket Society (foundedin 1930) and the Institute of theAerospace Sciences (founded in1932). The new society, with morethan 30,000 members, seeks to pro-mote technical communicationsamong scientists and engineers. SOVIET MATH-Teaching ofmathematics in Russia has devel-oped ideas that could be helpful toteaehing the subject in the UnitedStates, two University of Chicagoprofessors of mathematics hâve re-ported after seven years of survey-ing the Soviet methods. Alfred L.Putnam, and Polish-born IzaakWirszup, who added a ChicagoPh.D.. '55, to a Magister of Philosophy from the University of Wilno,undertook the study with the aidof a National Science Foundationgrant, to détermine what élémentsof the Russian teaehing would bevaluable. Mr. Wirszup was partic-ularly equipped for the study because he is proficient in seven languages.Russian students spend moretime on mathematics than do theirAmerican counterparts, spreadingthe study of algebra over two orthree years, as compared to thecrowded year of the subject in theUnited States. No Russion studentcan hope to become a physician, sociologist, school teacher, or armyofficer unless he has net the fullrequired mathematics program. TheRussian math teacher is providedwith a detailed syllabus, and isclosely supervised, even being required to submit class outlines insuch détail as inclusion of thenames of pupils who will be calledon to demonstrate solutions.An important feature of Russianteaehing that the two investigatorsbelieve would be useful in theUnited States is the emphasis onextra-curricular activity in mathematics, which range from elemen-tary school clubs to the All-RussianMathematical Olympiad, in whichhundreds of thousands participate.Sixteen "Popular Lectures in Mathematics," used as extra-curricularmaterial in Russia, hâve been trans-lated as part of the survey andhâve been published by D. C.Heath and Company. The survey iscontinuing with a study of the psy-chology of teaehing and of learningmathematics.New Home for the School of Social Service AdministrationThe School of Social Service Administration ( SSA )recently moved from the oldest building on Campus,Cobb Hall, into the newest, their just completed$1,600,000 headquarters on the South side of theMidway at 969 East 60th Street. Designed by Miesvan der Rohe, the two-Ievel steel and glass structurehouses nine classrooms, sixty faculty offices, fourseminar and research rooms, a lounge, a library,utility rooms, and a lobby which can double as a300-seat auditorium. The building was financed by:ontributions from many foundations, trusts, and in- terested individuals, including $500,000 from theWoods Charitable Fund, Inc., and $105,000 from theschool's alumni.MARCH, 1965 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 25THE ATTORNEY GENERAL -Nicholas Katzenbach, Professor inthe Law School ( on indefinite leavesince 1960), has been appointed byPrésident Johnson to the post ofAttorney General. His assistant,William Ramsey Clark, is an alum-nus of the University: he receivedhis AM in 1950, and his JD in 1951.The following editorial from TheNew York Times, which appearedon January 29, 1965, is typical ofmuch of the sentiment toward Mr.Katzenbach's appointment:"The élévation of Nicholas Katzenbach to the post of AttorneyGeneral reflects crédit on the Président as well as on his appointée."In récent décades the JusticeDepartment has emerged as themost politically sensitive department of the Government. Présidentsof both parties hâve appointedcampaign managers or party chair-men as Attorney General. Regard-less of the individual merits ofthèse men, this has been an ex-ceedingly bad practice."Mr. Katzenbach is a Democrat,but he has not been active in politics in the narrowly partisan sensé.He is a gifted légal scholar of highprofessional attainments. During hispast four years of service in theDepartment he has demonstratedthat he has the administrative ca-pacity and the personal flair tomaster the many-sided duties of hisnew office with unusual distinction."Since the head of the JusticeDepartment is, among his otherresponsibilities, the President's personal légal counselor, Mr. Johnsondeserves especial praise for risingabove any fears that Mr. Katzenbach might not be able to renderhim complète loyalty because ofhis intimate association with former Attorney General Robert F.Kennedy."The recruitment of men of talent for high posts is a serious prob-lem for this Administration as ithas been for its récent predecessors.One important way of attractingpublic servants of conspicuous quality is to reward disinterested service. Talent begets talent becausegood men like to work in an atmosphère where they know thatthe man at the top recognizes su- perior performance when he seesit. In promoting Mr. Katzenbach,the Président demonstrates that hebelieves in this principle and iswilling to act on it." (Copyright1965 by The New York Times Company. Reprinted by permission. )PRINTING DIRECTOR - GréerAllen, former Designer and Typog-rapher and lecturer in the University Collège, has succeeded therecently retired Charles EvansTrout as Director of the Univer-sity's Printing Department. Mr.Allen, a native of New York Cityand a graduate of Yale University,has been with the Printing Department since 1947 and concurrentlytaught courses in publishing andgraphie arts at the University Collège from 1956 to 1958. He is amember and former vice-présidentof the Society of Typographie Arts,and a member of the governingboard of the Caxton Club of Chicago, an organization of book col-lectors.As Director of the Printing Department, Mr. Allen heads a staffof 120, responsible for ail University printing, and producing mostof the books and journals publishedby The University of Chicago Press.The Printing Department was established in 1891 and is the oldest con-tinuous university printing opération in the United States.APPOINTMENTS-EdmundoFlores, Professor of AgriculturalEconomies at the National University of Mexico, and an authority onLatin American économie and political problems, has been appointed Visiting Professor of Social Sciences in the Collège. Mr. Floreswho holds a PhD degree from theUniversity of Wisconsin, is lectur-ing in the Collège through the cur.rent quarter and will continue todo so during Spring Quarter, inaddition to advising the Universityon its plans to expand its programin Latin American studies.Milton Rosenberg, a social psy.chologist and Professor of Psycholo.gy at Dartmouth Collège, has beenappointed Professor in the Department of Psychology and the Collège. Mr. Rosenberg has done research in the relationship betweenpersonality and involvement insocial issues, and he is the seniorauthor of Attitude Organizationand Change, published in 1960 bythe Yale University Press.DRAMA PRIZES-Do Not Pass Go,a two-character play by CharlesNolte of Wayzata, Minnesota, haswon the $1,500 first prize in theUniversity's biennial Charles H.Sergel Drama Contest for original,unproduced play s. Théâtre, 1965, aNew York producing unit com-posed of Richard Barr, ClintonWilder, and Edward Albee, has anoption on the play, which is sched-uled for mid-March rehearsal andan April 14th opening at the CherryLane Théâtre in New York. Mr.Nolte, the playright, is a professional actor and an instructor at theUniversity of Minnesota, where heis also a candidate for the PhDdegree in théâtre arts.The $1,000 second prize went toJ. J. Scott, of New York, a graduateof the Yale University DramaSchool and head of Spoken WordRecording at Mercury Records, forThe Minotaur.Karl Eigsti, designer and directorfor the Arena Théâtre in Washington, D.C., won the $500 third prizefor his play, Swango's. Place.More than 300 entries were received in the Contest, whose finaljudge was Robert Brustein, dramacritic of The New Republic magazine. Prize money is provided bya fund established at the Universityin 1936 by the late Anna MeyersSergel in memory of her husband,Charles, who founded the DramaticPublishing Company.26 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH, 196530Alumni News MOSS, C. MALCOLM, JD'30, becamegênerai counsel of the American LifeConvention November 27. He had beencounsel for the mid-America home officeof the Prudential Insurance Co. since1934, interrupted by a four-year stint inthe Navy during World War II. Mr. Mossbelongs to the Chicago, Illinois, Califor-nia, Indiana, and American bar assns.;recently he was elected a Fellow of theAmerican Bar Foundation.07HULBERT, JAMES, '07, PhD'12, professor emeritus in the department of Englishat the U of C, "is eighty, living in Lenox,Mass., and is as alert, spirited, and in-terested in ail his former students asever," writes MRS. LOWELL P. LE-LAND (VIRGINIA EVERETT, AM'27,PhD'40) of Bowling Green, Ohio. Mr.Hulbert's wife is the former LUCILEPFAENDER, '31, AM'38.WILLIAMS, ROBERT R., '07, SM'08,whose synthesis of vitamin Bi or Thiaminein 1936 has virtually eradicated beri beri,lives in Summit, N.J. now with his wife,Augusta. Instead of patenting the find inhis own name, Dr. Williams turned itover to Research Corp., a non-profit foundation which agreed to administer royaltyincome to promote scientific research. Inrécognition of his accomplishments, whichalready hâve won eight honorary degreesand uncounted awards, Research Corporation is naming its $290,000 labora-tories at Vellore (India) Christian Médical Collège after Dr. and Mrs. Williams.Over $7 million has been reaped fromDr. Williams' discovery to date; $500,000of it was given to the Institute of Nutrition at Columbia University, for a chairin his honor.09WERTHEIM, MRS. VERA (VERA HALE,'09), is now living at Leisure World, acoopérative community for senior citizensin Seal Beach, Calif.15ALLISON, JOHN M., '15, of Albany,N.Y., who has been retired for sevenyears, is registrar of the Hudson MohawkAssociation of the United Church ofChrist. He is also busy with some writing projects. KANTER, AARON E., '15, SM'16, MD'17,has retired as emeritus professor andchairman of the department of obstetricsand gynecology at Chicago MédicalSchool. Dr. Kanter, who is married tothe former ELEANOR LACKRITY, '24,has also held professorships in his fieldat the University of Illinois and Rushmédical schools.17MOORE, MRS. EDITH (EDITH ABER-NETHY, '17), of Chicago, has been anAmerican mother to a number of foreignstudents to whom she has opened herhome. A world traveler herself, Mrs.Moore has visited Africa, Europe andthe West Indies. Her husband, the lateCARL MOORE, PhD'16, was a professorof zoology at the U of C.25STALNAKER, JOHN, '25, AM'28, ofNorthfield, 111., is président of the National Merit Scholarship Corp. and chairman of the Board of Foreign ( Fulbright )Scholarships of the U.S.WOLFSON, MRS. JANET (JANET MET-ZENBERG, '25), collects, studies, andexhibits 18th Century English porcelain.At the Boston China Students' Club exhibition held last fall at the Boston Public Library, Mrs. Wolfson showed items infive catégories.28McCLUER, FRANK, PhD'28, who washost to the late Winston Churchill whenthe former British prime minister de-livered his famous "Iron Curtain" addressat Westminster Collège (Mo.) in March,1946, is now président of LindenwoodCollège in St. Charles, Mo. In Decemberhe was guest of honor at a réception givenby the Dallas (Texas) chapter of theLindenwood Alumnae Assn. Mr. McClueris also président of the Missouri CollègeJoint Fund Committee, Inc., chairman ofthe Council of the National PresbyterianChurch and Center, Washington, D. C,and a member of the Higher EducationCoordinating Council of the MetropolitanSt. Louis Area. 33ZOLINE, JOSEPH, '33, JD'35, chairmanof the board and président of M.S.L.Industries, Inc., Chicago, has been namedto the national council of the NationalPlanning Assn., a non-profit organizationdevoted to planning in agriculture, business, labor and the professions. Beforejoining M.S.L. in 1963 he had been apartner in the law firm of Friedman, Zo-line and Rosenfield, a vice président ofHilton Crédit Corp., and executive director of Arlington Park Jockey Club. He isa member of the American, Illinois, andChicago Bar Assns. and Phi Beta Kappa.34CASE, LELAND, '34, of Chicago, editsTogether, a Methodist family magazinewhich he founded. Over forty articles andfeatures from the magazine hâve beenselected for a volume called Reader sChoice Treawry, published by Double-day with an introduction by Mr. Case.iBoofesîFine book printing is one of theimportant and prominent parts ofour production. For many years wehâve served publishers and assistedprivate presses in the printing ofScientific & Historical WorksBooks on Literature & LanguageManuals & Technical BooksEducational & Juvénile BooksDictionaries & EncyclopediasBibles & Religious WorksMaps • Charts • DirectoriesPhotopress| INCORPORATED¦ uji^jiiji.i.iujihEisenhower Expressway at Gardner RoadBROADVIEW, ILL. COlumbus 1-1420MARCH, 1965 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 2735ABRAHAM, MISS GOLDY, '35, of Chicago introduced her book for teachers,Starting from Scratch, to educators fromAustralia to Seattle, during an 11-weekSouth Pacific tour late last year. Thebook, dealing with monotones— even atthe kindergarten and first-grade levels—has been adopted by the New York Cityschool System.WEINBERG, ALVIN, '35, SM'36, PhD'39, is director of the Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory in Tennessee. 3837BARR, ROBERT, '37, has been named advertising manager of Time, Inc., wherehe has been a staff member since 1954.Until 1942, when he joined the Army,Mr. Barr was advertising manager ofBell & Zoller Coal Co. of Chicago. Afterhis discharge from the service as a Cap-tain in 1945 he became a salesman forCurtis Publishing Co. in Chicago, a position he held until he came to Time. He,his wife, the former JUDITH CUNNING-HAM, '39, and their three children livein Darien, Conn.HERZOG, WILLIAM W., '37, has beennamed senior product manager at Johnson Wax Co., of Racine Wisc. He joinedthe firm in 1949 and had served as salesanalyst, market research director, salesplanning manager, and product managerfor floor care products.ZINK, MISS NORAH, PhD'37, professoremeritus of geography at Indiana StateCollège in Terre Haute, is working to institute a self-help health program for atiny Nigérian village. After visiting a former I.S.C. student's home in Umunachi-Obowo in 1963, Miss Zink helped forma non-sectarian committee to investigatepossible solutions to the village's problems. There are plans now to establish aclinic there and to train a local publichealth nurse, most of which will be fi-nanced by the village. ANDERSON, MISS LEILA, AM'38, DB'40, of Chicago, is retiring from the Boardfor Homeland Ministries of the UnitedChurch of Christ. For the next threeyears she will serve under that church'sBoard of World Ministries in the Philippines.39ANDERSON, ROBERT O, '39, a rancher-industrialist from Roswell, N.M., has beenelected vice-chairman of the John F.Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.Mr. Anderson is a 1957 récipient of theU of C Alumni Citation.BEYER, ERWIN, '39, who founded theAcrotheatre club at the U of C in 1946,is developing another of thèse show-giv-ing groups at New York State University,Plattsburg, where he is gymnastics coach.The original club, which staged gym-nastic "plays" at the U of C, was featuredin Life, Look and Photoplay magazines.In the last 3 years, Mr. Beyer has logged200,000 miles, giving clinics on gymnasticteaehing methods.WALKER, MISS PHOEBE, SM'39, whoretired last April after 25 years as bac-teriologist at the Methodist Hospital ofBrooklyn, now lives at the Southern Cali-fornia Teachers' Résidence in Santa Barbara.41FRIEDMAN, WILLIAM, '41, married MissLynn Steuer on January 17. She is thedaughter of Aron Steuer, Justice of theNew York State Suprême Court. Mr.Friedman, who works for Ketchum, Mac-Leod & Grove advertising agency in NewYork, is a former member of the UnitedStates Diplomatie Service. At embassiesin Belgrade and Vienna Mr. Friedmanserved as second secretary, and at Mar-seilles he was vice consul.42HUMPHREY, PAUL A., '42, of Cincinnati, a research meteorologist assignedto the Public Health Service's air pollution activities division, was cited recentlyfor 25 years' service with the U. S.Weather Bureau. During his World WarII Naval service, Mr. Humphrey pio-neered weather techniques for flightthrough the heart of a typhoon and actu-ally made such a flight. He was awardedthe Bronze Star with citation for valorand the Air Medal for this work. Heearned a silver medal for studies in Ant-arctica during the fifties, when he was onassignment from the Weather Bureau toan International Geophysical Year team. Since 7878HANNIBAL, INC.Furnit ure RepairingUpholslering • RefinishingAntiques Resfored1919 N. Sheffield Ave. • Ll 9-7180RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING and DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TéléphoneMOnroe 6-3192BEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO.24 HOVR SERVICELicensed • Bonded • InsuredQualified WeldersSubmerged Water HeatersHAymarkel 1-79171404-08 S. Western Ave.. ChicagoM0DEL CAMERA SH0PLeica ¦ Bolex - Roi leiflex - Polaroid1342 E. 55th St. HYde Park 3-9259NSA Discounts24-hour Kodachrome DevelopingHO Trains and Model SuppliesWe operate our own dry clearing plant1309 East 57th St. 5319 Hyde Park Blvd.Ml dway 3-0602 NO rmal 7-98581553 E. Hyde Park Blvd. FAirfax 4-57591442 E. 57th Mldway 3-0607XIR i NÎiOffset Printing • Imprinting • AddreseographingMultilithing • Copy Préparation • Automatic InaertinflTypawriting • Addressing • Folding • MailingCHICAGO ADDRESSING & PRINTING COMPANY720 SOUTH DEARBORN STREET WAlxiSll 2-4561UNIVERSITY NATIONAL BANK1354 East 55th Street"/4 àtw*tf fauté"MemberFédéral Deposit Insurance CorporationMUseum 4-120028 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH, 1965Does your jobpay you indirect proportionto your efforts?"After seventeen years working for myself — and MassMutual — I'm more than happy to say that it's been arewarding career. It's been rewarding in ail respects,personally and financially. I'm my own boss, and myincome is directly related to my accomplishments."Service to my clients, plus participation in civic af-fairs and philanthropie activities, hâve brought megreat personal satisfaction as well as a standing in mycommunity that is equal to that of any prof essional manI know. This, plus the knowledge that I hâve been instrumental in helping people with their financial planning, has comprised the 'extra value' of my insurancecareer."Mass Mutual is a company whose policies, réputation, character and quality of training are second tonone. I entered the business in 1947, without capitaland without selling expérience, and hâve sold over amillion dollars of individual life insurance every yearsince 1954, reaching a peak of over $7,000,000 last year."What Mass Mutual did for me, it can do for you. So,if you're a man who is vaguely dissatisfied with his prog-ress, and to whom the values that hâve appealed to memake sensé, write a personal letter to the Président ofmy company. He is Charles H. Schaaff, Président,Massachusetts Mutual, Springfield, Mass. Do it today.The company always has room for a good man."Rudolph Arkin, C.L.U., Washington, D.C. MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL.LIFE INSURANCE COMPANYSpringfield, Massachusetts / organized 1851 V 1 I 'TSome of the University of Chicago Alumni in the Massachusetts Mutual service:Morris Landwirth, C.L.U., '28, Peoria Harry R. Srole, '41, '47, Los AngelesMaurice Hartman, '40, Chicago Jacob E. Way, Jr., '50, WaukeganPetro Lewis Patras, '40, Chicago Rolf Erik G. Becker, C.L.U., OaklandThéodore E. Knock, '41, Chicago James J. Lawler, ChicagoJesse J. Simoson, C.L.U., Niagara FallsMarch, 1965 the university of Chicago magazine 29STEELE, ALGERNON O., PhD'42, ofCharlotte, N.C. has written The QuestingChrist, published in November by thePhilosophical Library, New York.47GOODRICH, PAUL W., MBA'47, président of the Chicago Title and Trust Co.since 1953 and 1962 winner of a U of CAlumni Citation, has been appointedchairman of the Citizens Board of theU of C. The 425-member board is com-posed of distinguished leaders in indus-try, business and civic affairs. He is alsoa member of the Chicago Police Board,a vice-président of the Chicago SundayEvening Club, and a trustée of DrakeUniversity, Chicago Wesley MémorialHospital, and the Community Fund-RedCross Crusade of Mercy. Mr. Goodrichis a director of International HarvesterCo., Swift & Co., The Peoples Gas Lightand Coke Co., and a past président ofthe Chicago Association of Commerce andIndustry.53STAR, FRANKLIN, '53, SB'55, MD'58,was certified by the American Board ofSurgery in June, 1964, and will go intoprivate practice this July after dischargefrom the Army.WILLIAMSON, MERRITT, MBA'53, deanof the Collège of Engineering at Pennsyl-vania State University, was elected anhonorary member of Beta Gamma Sigmain the Penn State Collège of Business. 59MELBER, MISS RUTH, AM'59, assistantprofessor of maternity nursing at EmoryUniversity School of Nursing, Atlanta, isdirector of a spécial maternai and childhealth project sponsored by the Children'sBureau of the U.S. Department of Health,Education, and Welfare. In her studyMiss Melber has interviewed some 150hospital workers and patients to help thestaff at Grady Hospital (Atlanta) givebetter care to maternity patients.60MATHERLEE, THOMAS R., MBA'60,was appointed acting administrator of Forsyth Mémorial Hospital in Winston-Salem,N.C, November 1. He and his wife hâvea son, Brent Thomas, born July 28.MEIGS, A. JAMES, PhD'60, a senioreconomist for First National City Bank,New York, was named a vice-présidentof the bank in December. Mr. Meigs,who is the author of the recently published Free Reserves and the MoneySupply, had been an economist for theFédéral Reserve Bank of St. Louis andthe New York Stock exchange before hejoined Citibank last year. He, his wife,and four children live in Princeton, N. J.TINGLEY, CHARLES, MBA'60, whoworks for the Humble Oil and RefmingCo., married Miss Cary MacFadden ofNew York, December 12. Mr. Tingley alsohas a degree from Yale University, andhis wife attended the University ofLondon.54AUSLANDER, LOUIS, PhD'54, professorof mathematics in Belfer Graduate Schoolof Science at Yeshiva University, NewYork, has received a two-year researchgrant from the National Science Foundation. Mr. Auslander, who joined BelferSchool's faculty in 1964, will continuehis study of manifold theory with emphasis on the application of lie groups todifferential geometry. He began his collège teaehing career at Yale University in1953. From 1955-57 he was a NationalScience Foundation Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J.After that he was a visiting professor atthe University of California, Berkeley,and at Yale. In 1962 he was professor ofmathematics at Purdue University.SMUCKER, DONOVAN E., AM'54, PhD'57, chaplain and professor of religion atLake Forest Collège (111.), will spend a1965-66 sabbatical year studying at Oxford and Cambridge.WALTERS, LOUIS D., JR., '54, who hasbeen an industrial engineer with the ShellOil Refinery in Norco, La., lately acceptedthe position of plant industrial engineer forFalstaff Brewing Corp. in New Orléans. 63MANASTER, CHARLES, '63, marriedMiss Béatrice Fell of Winnetka, 111., Au-gust 29, 1964. Mrs. Manaster is a primarygrades teacher; her husband is workingon an MBA at the U of C after a yearas a sales représentative with RyersonSteel Inc.MARTIN, JOHN B., PhD'63, has been aninstructor in the psychology departmentof the U of C School of Medicine sinceSeptember.PELTON, RUSSELL, JR., JD'63, is assistant staff judge advocate at Wintsmith AirForce Base in Onoda, Mich. On January29 he was promoted to the rank ofcaptain.STOTLAND, HAROLD, '63, is associatedwith Collen and Kessler, a Chicago lawfirm. Mr. Stotland's wife is currently en-rolled in the U of C Médical School.64LIEBER, WILLIAM M., JD'64, of Chicago, was sworn into the Illinois BarAssn. on November 19. YOUR FAVORITEFOUNTAIN TREATTASTES BETTERIceCreamA product f Swift & C7409 Sa. iPhone RAi ompanyState Str.etRAdcliffa 3-7400LOWER YOUR COSTSIMPROVED METHODSEMPLOYEE TRAININGWAGE INCENTIVESJOB EVALUATIONPERSONNEL PROCEDURESt. A. gjWMMff COf SidewalksFactory FloorsMachineFoundationsConcrète BreakingNOrmal 7-043330 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH, 1965PO YOU HAVE TO BE RICH TO OWN BLUE CHIP' INSURANCE?Notât ail. Matter of fact, many Connecticut Mutual Life policyholders aretycoons-in-the-making who still hâve to make every dollar count.Which may be the very reason they gave the nod to CML.Men who analyze and compare policies and companies find telling advantagesin 'Blue Chip' insurance. Money-saving benefits. For example, ConnecticutMutual's higher dividends to policyholders resuit in low net cost insurance.Connecticut Mutual's agents are career men, professionally trained torecommend the insurance plan that best fits the client's needs and income.And Connecticut Mutual's unusually wide choice of policies (over 50)and range of benefits (over 90) snugly fit the coverage to the need.you'll find— if you look— you don't hâve to be rich to own 'Blue Chip'insurance. Just astute.Connecticut Mutual LifeThe 'Blue Chip' company that's low in net cost, too.THE CONNECTICUT MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, HARTFORD. CONN. Your fellow alumni now with C. M. L.Joseph H. Aaron '27 ChicagoEdward B. Bâtes, CLU MO Home OfficeHarvey J. Butsch '38 ChicagoGeorge P. Doherty IndianapolisPaul'O. Lewis, CLU '28 ChicagoFred. G. Reed '33 ChicagoRichard C. Shaw, M.D. Grad. School Home OfficeRusselIC Whitney, CLU '29 ChicagoWjwwAiaLâuSLOUBER, DOROTHEA, (formerlyDorothea Visher, '06), died February 17,1964. She had been living at Grass Valley, Calif.THEDE, EDNA (formerly Edna Buechler,'06), of Cleveland, died January 8.ESSINGTON, THURLOW, JD'08, a Chicago attorney and former state senator,died December 19. In 1924, when hewas 37, Mr. Essington became the young-est man ever to run for the GOP nomination for governor of Illinois. After hisdefeat he returned for three years to thestate senate, on which he had servedearlier in 1919. At the time of his deathhe was a senior partner in the Chicagolaw firm of Essington, McKibbin, Beebe& Pratt.OLSON, FREDERICK A., MD'08, of Po-mona, Calif., died July 10, 1964.MOSIMAN, EDDISON, AM'10, of New-ark, N. J., died October 10, 1964.GUICE, HARVEY H., '16, JD'18, of Dallas, Texas, died early last year.HALL, EDGAR A., PhD'18, an emeritusprofessor of English from Sherrill, Iowa,died April 3, 1962.MARRS, WYATT, AM'18, former sociolo-gy professor at the University of Okla-homa who lived in Norman, died November 24, 1963.JORDAN, ORVIS F., DB'13, a retired min-ister and journalist from Park Ridge, 111.,died November 9, 1962. WORTHEY, WILLIAM G., '22, of Springfield, 111., died recently. For 20 years heheaded the corporation department inthe office of the Illinois secretary of state.KAPLAN, HARVEY, '25, of Chicago, diedDecember 15. Président of the M. S.Kaplan Co., steel and scrap métal brokers,Mr. Kaplan found time to serve as vice-chairman of the board of the ChicagoMédical School and board member ofMichael Reese Hospital. He was also former président of the Chicago Sinai Congrégation.SMITH, LEON P., AM'28, PhD'30, of Collège Park, Md., died November 10. InJune, 1962, after 13 years as dean of theUniversity of Maryland's Collège of Artsand Sciences, he relinquished his post torésume full professorship in the department of foreign languages there. Mr.Smith was assistant professor in the department of Romance languages and lit-erature at the U of C from 1936-46,during which time he was assistant deanof students and, from 1939-45, dean ofstudents in the Collège. He received vie-tory medals in both World Wars, retiringas a captain in the Naval Reserve in 1958.Mr. Smith, whose publications range fromdissertations on old French manuscripts toclassified textbooks for naval personnel,was a member of five honor societies,including Phi Beta Kappa. SCOTT, EWING C, PhD'28, of LongBeach, Calif., died January 3. He taughtchemistry at Peking Union Médical Collège in China early in his career, whichtook him to Sweet Briar Collège, Va., aschemistry department chairman and thento Syracuse University, from which heretired as a professor of chemistry in1960. After formai retirement Mr. Scottcontinued to teach, first as Fulbrightvisiting professor at Tunghai Universityon Taiwan, where he was dean of thecollège of science, and later at the University of Southern California. Amongsurvivors is his wife, the former DOR0-THY CARNINE SCOTT, AM'33.CANNON, EDWARD, '37, MD'39, of Chicago, died December 23. A flight surgeonin World War II, Dr. Cannon helped per-fect a night vision instruction System forparatroopers involving the use of speciallytreated goggles. The physician, who prac-ticed in a Chicago office with his brother,at one time held a fellowship in surgeryat the Mayo clinic.SCHELLHASE, REUBEN C, '36, PhD'52,chairman of the department of philosophyat North Central Collège in Naperville,111., since 1957, died December 19. A former Methodist minister, Mr. Schellhaseserved five Illinois congrégations and oneArizona church for a total of 12 years.From 1945-49 he was dean of KendallCollège in Evanston, 111., and from 1954-57 he was dean of Cedar Crest Collège,Allentown, Pa.DE GRAFF, ADRIANA, '33, of Harvey,111., a retired teacher, has died.KINGDON, LEIGH A., '35, died in LosAngeles December 10. He began hisstudies at the University of Rochesterbut transferred to the U of C, where hemajored in botany.DUHL, MYRON, '36, JD'38, of Chicago,died in September.GREENLEAF, ELEANOR ( formerly Elea-nor Jaicks, '37), of Hinsdale, 111., diedJanuary 9.SIEVER, PAUL W., MD'43, of Glencoe,111., died November 29. His daughter.ELLEN SIEVER, is a third year studentin the Collège at the U of C.MORTENSON, FLORENCE, SM'44, »fLombard, 111., died January 9, 1964.32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE MARCH, 1965Why I decided to go "back to work" at 35Charles "Bud" Hoffman (left), the largest Chevrolet dealer in Western Maryland, discusses his new insurance program with New England Life représentative Elmer Wingate.Back in May of 1963 Elmer Wingate decided tochange jobs. He was 35, and the idea of a career in lifeinsurance appealed to him since he wanted to go intobusiness for himself. "After teaehing sales and beingin sales management, I asked myself if I really wantedto go back to work," Elmer says, "back to the 'nutsand bolts' of face-to-face selling. But I knew that lifeinsurance was a business with unlimited potential,where a man's income directly reflects his ability."Roger Antaya, a New England Life gênerai agent inBaltimore, was impressed with Elmer's initiative andhis background. He hired Elmer and together theyworked out an on-the-job training program. In just14 months Elmer had sold $1,200,000 worth of lifeinsurance.Elmer likes being in business for himself. He's livingNEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY: ALL F0RMS 0F INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP LIFE INSURANCE, ANNUITIES AND PENSIONS, GROUP HEALTH C0VERAGES.and working where he wants. " If a man wants to workfor himself on a limited investment," says Elmer, "andhas a genuine désire to help people, this business willgive him ail the challenge and reward he wants."If you would like to investigate a career with NewEngland Life, there's an easy first step to take. Sendfor our free Personality-Aptitude Analyzer. It's asimple exercise you can take in about ten minutes.Then return it to us and we'll mail you the results.(This is a bona fide analysis and many men find theycannot qualify.) It could be well worth ten minutes ofyour time.Write to New England Life, Dept. AL-1, 501Boylston St., Boston, Mass. 02117.NEW ENGLAND LIFETHESE CHICAGO ALUMNI ARE NEW ENGLAND LIFE REPRESENTATIVES:CHICAGO: George Marsetos, '34, Chicago • A. Raymond Anderson, '46, Wichita • John R. Downs, CLU, '46, ChicagoGREAT MOMENTS AT CHICAGOVf"7\'^JMIN 1899A STICK OFDYNAMITE WENT OFFIN ARENTED ROOMBy day he taught économies at the University of Chicago, and edited its Journalof Political Economy." By night he labored alone in a small room rented from afriend. His first book was to shatter the foundations of économie classicism, withréverbérations that still shake the world today. The book was The Theory of TheLeisure Class, its author — called by Lewis Mumford "a stick of dynamite wrappedup to look like a stick of candy" — Thorstein Veblen. Once again, the quietlypondered pages of a book had released a vast and revolutionary power. TheUniversity of Chicago Press has published its share of explosive books. Hère,from our latest list, are some whose impact is still to be measured.ESSAYS IN THE HISTORY OF ECONOMICSBy GEORGE J. STIGLER. Selected articles on the history of économies by one of America's most distinguished economists andleading proponents of the "Chicago School" of économies. 400 pp.$6.95ASIA IN THE MAKING OF EUROPEVolume I, Books 1 and 2: The Century of Discovery. By DONALDF. LACH. First of a projected six-volume study traces the many andvaried influences of Asia upon Western civilization. "... a delightto read. A meticulously researched study which lends itself to line-by-line perusal, occasional browsing, and gênerai référence." —HYMAN KUBLIN, Library Journal. 1040 pp., maps, plates. $20.00THE RI SE OF THE WESTBy WILLIAM H. MC NEILL. "This is not only the most learnedand the most intelligent, it is also the most stimulating and fasci-nating book that has ever set out to recount and explain the wholehistory of mankind. . . . It leaves echoes to reverberate, and seeds togerminate in the mind."— H. R. TREVOR-ROPER, New York TimesBook Review. Winner of the 1964 National Book Award. 829 pp..illus. $12.50UNIVERSITYCHICAGO '^•^éJ^jPRESSX THE CONQUEST OF THE MATERIAL WORLDBy JOHN NEF. Collected essays, written over a period of thirtyyears, emphasizing the rôle of the individual in the évolution ofindustrialism. 416 pp. $8.95EUROPE S STEPPE FRONTIER, 1500-1800By WILLIAM H. MC NEILL. Applies the concept of "the frontier"to southeast Europe — Hungary, Rumania, and the Ukraine — and re-counts the struggle over a 300-year period of the Ottoman, Austrian,and Russian empires to dominate this area. 256 pp., maps. $5.50THE POLITICS OF DISCRETIONPuf endort and the Acceptance of Natural LawBy LEONARD KRIEGER. Samuel Pufendorf's efforts to reconcilethe idéal demand of natural law with reigning seventeenth-centuryinstitutions illustrate the process whereby revolutionary ideas become respectable. 320 pp. $6.50'The Journal of Political Economyhas just celebrated its 70th year ofcontinuous publication with Land-marks In Political Economy, avolume of 24 of its most distinguishedcontributions.DANIEL J BOORSTIN600SOCIAL SCIENCES GENERALChicago and London %S