UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO•maoazme Harold It Harding, EditorWilliam V. Morgenstern, Editorial Associate \Rona Mears, Editorial AssistantPublished since 1907 byThe University of Chicago Alumni Association5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, IllinoisMay-June 1963 , Vol. LV, No.8 ContentsPeatures The Definition of SpaceAn appreciative analysis of the new articulation between art andarchitecture achieved in the celebrated work of Richard Lippold,'38, by JOSHUA C. TAYLOR 10A Nuclear TVA?A theoretical proposal by two Chicago-trained nuclear scientiststhat super-size reactors may radically alter the economics of sup�plying power and fresh water-thus raising a maior question ofpublic policy-is reported by WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN 16Testing the�Tests 23A candid 'Symposium, chaired by National Merit Scholarship Cor­poration'sJohn M. Stalnaker, '25, AM'28, analyzes those machine­scored snoopers into your ability and your future.Biological and Cultural Evolution 29The University's ranking geneticist comments on the value ofdiversity in effecting both biological and social change.by President GEORGE W. BEADLE"the University News of the QuadranglesFairfax M. ConeTheatre in the CourtShakespeare claims Hutchinson Court these summer evenings.New Chairman of the Board 2133"the Alumni Just Off the QuadranglesJune Reunion, 1963News of the AlumniMemorials 3344248tOilER Scene from the 53rd Interfraternity Sing.::EDITS Cover, 34-41-Paul l. Schutt; 5-Mel Nickerson; 10-Mus�um of Modern Art, New York;t' 13-J. N. Macomb, Jr.; 14-lincoln Center, New York; 15�Wdlard Gallery, New York; 16-�ornrnonwealth Edison Co., F. B. Pomeroy; 21-Stephen Deutsch; 23-28-Vories Fisher; 33-FritzOtter. Published monthly, October through June, by theUniversity of Chicago Alumni Association, 5733University Avenue, Chicago 37, Illinois. Annualsubscription price, $5.00. Single copies, 25 cents.Entered as second class mailer December I, 1934,at the Post Office of Chicago, Illinois, under theact of March 3, 1879. Advertising agent: AmericanAlumni Magazines, 22 Washington Square, NewYork, New York.4I\Y-JUNE, 1963 1ORIGINATORAutomotive architect-creative yet practical. This GM designer is contemplating a possible196-? model car ... devoting his imagination, creativity and talent to a design of the future.Ideas are his business. Ideas are his life. They are expressed in General Motors products of today-and in GM products for tomorrow.He is one of 1400 men and women on the GM Styling Staff ... all dedicated to progress. Theirjob: to give products eye-appeal ... and to develop a form exactly suited to each product and itsuse. They blend design elements such as line, plane, form, color and texture to create the utmostin visual beauty ... and to enhance quality, convenience and safety, too. They also look farahead, constantly searching and planning new and better things for the coming years.The stylist is one of many employes to whom General Motors owes much of its leadership. Collec­tively, with shareholders (more than a million of them) and thousands of suppliers and dealers,these men and women of General Motors are responsible for GM's progress, past and future.GENEAAL MOTORS IS PEOPLE •••Making Better Things For YouLettersTo the Editor:Your article discussing the Villa JonesInternational Cultural Center, Mexico,D.F., [does] a gross injustice ...At various times my husband and Ihave lived in the Center for approxi­mately three months. We have attendedthe Tuesday night meetings ... Mr. Rind­fleisch [author of the article] evidentlyis not qualified to judge classes . . . Onefinds at these meetings a wide range ofclasses represented . . .Outstanding professional people ofMexico and visiting professionals presentthem. The Center is . . . seldom refusedwhen a speaker is invited. The qualityof these lectures is high-comparable tograduate level . . .It seems a pity that a group of studentstraveled to Mexico under the guidance ofMr. Rindfleisch, for if he failed to beenlightened or acculturated-even micro­scopically-then we must wonder whatthe real outcome of this trip was (otherthan the damage. done by his pompousjournalistic production) . . .Carol H. BennettRobert L. BennettSantiago, ChileTo the Editor:As to the article (on Villa Jones), Ifeel that the photographs were very good... and the remarks about me were over­complimentary. The basic character ofthe Center, however, is not indicated andthere is one very unfortunate sentence . . .I am afraid that smugness is indicated byboth the University of Chicago and thePomfret School, although as far as I couldobserve, the young people of the Schoolwere not inclined t<;> feel themselvessuperior.Villa Jones is not a language school;persons from many countries meet thereand try to communicate. Some Americansspeak bad Spanish (or none at all) andsome from other countries, includingMexico, speak bad English .... VillaJ ones is known as a place where people. . . of very different status, occupations,general ideological orientation, etc., canmeet and freely exchange experiences,observations and ideas ...Robert Cuba Jones, '40.Mexico, D.F.MAY-JUNE, 1963 Just Off the QuadranglesWhen you need a pinch hitter,you should not send the managerand the ace local sportswriter to theplate-even though both of themmay be highly knowledgeableabout the batsman's art and havehad plenty of closely related ex­perience.The problem is an old one: thedifference between knowing howand being able to bat.rWe-the manager and the sports­writer, that is-pass along this coun­sel with the assurance born of hind­sight. We have enjoyed pinch-hit­ting the editing of the Magazine,but we've missed our schedules socompletely that this super-size,combined May-June number hasnearly been overtaken by October.The next issue will be issued ontime because your part-time, tem­porary editors are being returnedto their normal seats on the side­lines. October and its successor is­sues are being produced by theMagazine's new editor, who came on the job early this summer. Luck­ily for all of us, he makes a fetishof being on time.Introducing the new Ed.Henry H. Hartmann comes to theMagazine with 13 years' experiencein communications, advertising, andwriting. Now 37, he was educatedlargely in England while an or­phaned refugee from Hitler's Ger­many. Henry came to the Statesin 19-46, added a U. S. Army hitchto his wartime service as a 17-year­old anti-aircraft gunner in the Brit­ish Home Guard, took a year oftechnical training in Philadelphia,and settled in Chicago.You'd expect that the editor of an.alumni magazine would be analumnus of the University, but wewere more interested in the qualityof the man than his cult marks.Henry, as it happens, has success­fully avoided taking any degrees atall in his tri-national education. (Itwould have added up to somethingmore than an A.B. had he been lesseclectic in sites and curricula.)He is, however, ringed 'roundwith alumni, both by blood and byresidence. Spouse Eleanor, former­ly Thorberg, has bachelor's and an5.S.A. master's from the U of C,and Walter Hartmann, M.A.'49"is Henry's brother. Henry, Eleanor,and son David live in the faculty-The University of Chicago Alumni AssociationPresident (through June 30, 1963) -------------------------- ... - ... --.John F. Dille, Jr., '35, A.M. '56(effective July 1, 1963) . ._ .. . . . Philip L. White, '35, Ph.D.'38Chairman, The Alumni Foundation .. _ .. .... . .. . __ C. E. McKittrick, '20Harold R. Harding, Executive Director Ruth G. Halloran, Administrative AssistantDavid R. Leonetti, Program Director Henry H. Hartmann, Editor Florence Medow,Chicago-Midwest Director, The Alumni FoundationEastern regional office: 20 West 43rd Street, New York 36, N. Y., PEnnsylvania 6-0747Los Angeles representative: Mrs. Marie Stephens, 1195 Charles Street, Pasadena 3, Calif.,SYcamore 3-4545 . (after 3: 00 P.M.)Membership: Open to graduates and former students of The University of Chicago. Oneyear, $5 single, $6 joint; three years, $12 single, $15 joint; Life, $100 single, $125 joint(payable in five annual installments). Includes Magazine subscription.3populated Marynook area on theSouth Side.We a sk e d Henry for somethoughts on the Magazine ahead.He memoed us as follows:"When William Rainey Harperlaid his plans for the University,he foresaw the increasing isolationin which scholars pursuing differentfields would find themselves. TheUniversity of Chicago was to be acommunity of scholars which wouldbring together men and women indivergent fields. The Magazinestands in this tradition, providinga meeting place for the exchangeof ideas."We will continue to encouragenew writers to join the roster ofnationally and internationallyknown contributors in the Maga­zine� s history."In addition, the host of develop­ments throughout the University isa fascinating story to which I hopewe can do justice."InitialitisThe first thing that happened toHenry on arrival, however, was theloss of his initials.We think the Magazine would bea lack-lustre affair if we did notpepper its pages with opinion, butyou are entitled to know who isspouting what where. Staff-writtenmaterial is, consequently, identifiedwi th initials.To save you recourse to magni­fying glasses for distinguishing be­tween H.H.H. (the new editor)and H.R.H. (this columnist), Mr.Hartmann will abandon his initialsand go by Ed. The undersigned andMr. Morgenstern will cling to theirinitials.KudosAlthough the summer shift inAlumni Association officers is an­nounced in formal fashion below,we don't propose to wave good-byto Jack Dille lightly.It's not unheard of for people topursue alumni association officesfor all the wrong reasons, such asthe odd notion that alumni shouldrun alma mater.Jack Dille has been the perfect4 converse. He accepted the Associa­tion presidency because he has anabiding affection for this crazy Uni­versity, respects it, understands it,and puts his effort where his mouthis.He hardly needed the job. Jackruns two TV stations, two radiostations and two newspapers innorthern Indiana. His energetic TVoperations (WSJV -TV, South Bend­Elkhart, and WKJG-TV, FortWayne) have made him a nationalindustry leader. He is on the boardof the National Association ofBroadcasters and is immediate pastchairman of the Board of Gover­nors of ABC-TV Affiliates.For recreation, he is a memberof the Indiana Toll Road Commis­sion, a habit of which seems to belate-afternoon meetings which ad­journ at 2:30 a.m.N one of' these is a nominal re­sponsibility; neither was the Asso­ciation presidency, not to Jack. Hisre-election for another two-yearterm in 1961, which has made histhe longest presidency in the Asso­ciation's 70 years, was not an ac­cidental compliment.Perhaps this will sum up quicklyour feeling about Jack: he really is"too busy," but we have neverheard those tired words from JackDille when there was work to bedone.Numbers, numbersEarly next spring, perhaps soon­er, that latest addition to the swarmof numbers infesting modern so­ciety will appear on your mail fromthe U of C.We refer to the postal "ZipCode," the five-digit number whichpresumably will unlock the magicof automation for your postman.We�re not convinced that auto­mation is automatically magical,but the new postal number-unlikethe telephone company's ten-digithorror, the Social Security numberwhich suddenly connoted insecuri­ty the day the Internal RevenueService started inquiring after it,and the seven digits which ourbank requires to figure out who weare-we welcome avidly.The "Zip" number, it happens, will solve a chronic problem for us.For many a year, our records clerkshave had to struggle with the fre­quent problem. of telling whichcommunities are suburbs of whichcities. That's not hard when you'redealing with a city you know well,but our people are not terriblyquick at spotting the suburbs of,say, Pittsburgh or Seattle.The structure of the new postalcode will make it easy for us totell. The Illinois suburbs of Chi­cago, for instance, are numberedbetween 60000 and 60599.For that reason we're adding thenew numbers ·as fast as we can toour 60,000 address plates. Hooray-just this once-for that drattednumber!New Association officersThe Alumni Association Cabinetse1ected new officers for 1963-65terms at its meeting of May 28.Philip L. White, '35, PhD'38,Hinsdale, is the new Associationpresident, succeeding John F. Dille,Jr., '35, AM'56. Mr. White, generalmanager of research and develop­ment for the American Oil Com­pany, had been a vice presidentsince 1961. Mr. Dille had servedsince 1959, and continues as a Mid­west representative on the Cabinet.Fay Horton Sawyier, '44, a HydeParker and member of a familywith many University associations,was re-elected. for a second vice­presidential term.Richard J. Smith, �37,JD'39, part­ner in an automobile dealership inHammond, Ind., was elected a vicepresident succeeding Howard E.Green, �25. He continues as financechairman.George H. Watkins, '36, seniorvice president of Marsh and Me­Lennan, a Loop insurance firm, wasalso elected a vice president.Announcement of new Cabinetmembers for 1963-64 will be madewhen all divisions have completedtheir choices. The Cabinet, govern­ing board of the Alumni Association,is formed of academic-division andregional representatives. A numberof its seats are filled by the severalprofessional-school alumni associa­tions of the University. H.R.H.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINENEW S 0 F the quadranglesPerhaps because Chicago's spring isan intermittent and fleeting thing, riotsand raids have never been part of theUniversity's seasonal stirrings. But thisyear there was an observance, some­thing approximating a fertility rite, andsponsored by the highest authority. Itall had to do with grass, especiallygrass of the main quadrangles betweenUniversity avenue and the Administra­tion building.When George Wells Beadle firstarrived at the University from sunnyCalifornia, where his roses were bloom­ing gloriously, it was to a Chicago inits bleakest period of February, almostenough to make one of less sturdy op­timism decide to call the whole thingoff. the maintenance budget for the aca­demic. It is a very costly job to tuckpoint Rockefeller Chapel, for instance,and the temptation is to postpone theexpenditure.Likewise, a coat of paint in a hall­way can always wait another year, andgiven the slovenly habits of some in­habitants, whose favorite posture is astork-like stance with one foot plantedagainst a wall, redecorating doesn'tlook fresh very long. But Mr. Beadle'sposition was that if Chicago was agreat university it ought to look likeone. So the money was appropriatedfor the long-delayed maintenance, bothfundamental and surface.After a spring and summer; Mr."Beadle remarked that the quadranglesneeded improvements. The only flow­ers on the quadrangles he could findwere attractive borders on both sidesof the Administration Building, plant­ed by a gardener, who got a personallywritten note of appreciation from thePresident.In the autumn, at Mr. Beadle's insti­gation, tulip beds were planted on themain quadrangles, as well as aroundHutchinson Court and the President'shouse. The money came from an anony­mous source, which rumor attributed were planted thickly, but alas, in thespring, after glossy green leaves hadduly emerged, they were followed byno blooms.The embarrassed supplier concludedthat the bulbs had not been properlystored over the summer and replantedthe barren beds with a variety of an­nuals. Last autumn, more bulbs wereplanted, and covered with chicken wireto prevent the squirrels digging themup to supplement their diet of peanuts.Again the bulbs came up, and thistime there were blooms, one to a plantas scheduled, but they weren't very im­pressive; many a Hyde Park gardenhad more spectacular results.Another part of the enhancement ofthe quadrangle was the redesign andrebuilding of the Circle, through whicha broad east-west limestone walk waslaid, along with a concrete curb aroundthe circumference. As part of the op­eration, grass seed was planted in theCircle and in various parts of the mainquadrangles to repair the ravages ofhuman traffic. It is no easy thing togrow grass when the population is citybred and most of it has never planteda lawn or pushed a mower.Buildings and Grounds advocated afence, but Mr. Beadle put his trust ingently admonishing and humoroussigns, hand lettered on cardboard andnailed to sticks. A flourishing extra­curriculum activity of slogan creationwas stimulated by Mr. Beadle to pro­vide the text for the signs and someapt and arresting ones were produced.These intrigued everyone, but didn'tprevent the heedless from cuttingacross the planted areas.So this May another campaign wasmounted, this time on a more ambi­tious scale. For a week, tractors, bull­dozers, and other forms of earth mov-MAY-JUNE, 1963 ...5ing machinery roared around, rippingup what grass remained. A permanentwatering system was installed duringthis process, which began just as theoutdoor lunch eaters and the morningand afternoon nursery sessions ofmothers and children were ad j ustingto their favorite spots.The quadrangles are an especialfavorite of mothers, for there is notraffic hazard and the young can beallowed to roam at will, pursuing squir­rels and each other. There was someunderground indignation about the in­convenience this spring harrowingcaused the nursery and lunchtime trade,but the operation was underway beforea protest meeting could be organized.Again exhibiting a resilient faith inthe perfectibility of human nature, Mr.Beadle vetoed a hurricane fence to pro­tect the grass, preferring a bigger pro­motional and educational campaign. Aherald in medieval costume ceremoni­ousl y nailed a proclamation to a treeand other copies were posted about.This document, addressed to the"students, faculties, staff, alumni andfriends of the University of Chicago"consisted of quotations from Chaucer,ttWhan that Aprille with his shouressotte," a mail order catalogue, "Ken­tucky blue grass is a beautiful deepgreen color ... ", the Song of Solomonand statistics of the ratio of grass toconcrete sidewalks.It ended with a "be it resolved"signed by President Beadle, as chair­man of the Committee on Grass, "thatyoung grass, like ideas, be allowed togrow freely, and without oppression,on the campus of the University ofChicago." Buttons bearing the legend,"Grass Roots !" were distributed-anda few were even worn.Buildings and Grounds, still skep­tical, erected a token fence of plasticclothes line to reinforce the placards.This time the campaign worked; therewere only a few militant individualistswho cut across the seed bed. By re­union time there was a soft fuzz ofgreen and the sprinkling system keptthe new stand thriving.All is not quite perfect, however.Corn and radishes sprouted with theblades, apparently from the importedsoil, but disappeared with the firstmowing. The long established crabgrass responded to water and fertilizerwith enthusiasm. And in areas along6 Ryerson and Eckhart walk, somethingknown to the farm boys as "hog weed"was also imported in the soil andthrives luxuriously. These are minorimperfections that chemical suppres­sants probably will cure."Grass Roots" brought a messagefrom Secretary of the Interior Stewart1. Udall to President Beadle: HCon­gratulations from one grass lover toanother . . . a triumph of mind overfeet . . ." It also inspired an anony­mous professor of medieval history tosome a vocational research, which turn­ed up a quotation from the 1925 edi­tion of Emily Post tracing the originof "etiquette" to the signs (etiquettes)posted to protect the grass by LouisXIV's gardener at the new Versailles.Further, to prove the genetic trans­mission of acquired attitudes, the his­torian found a eulogy to the culturalvalues of "vines creeping over thedoor" by one of Mr. Beadle's collater­al ancestors, who published Beadle'sDime Book of Etiquette in 1860.NEW FACULTY MEMBERS-Thefaculty of the University was once rela­tivel y stable, but any semblance ofpermanency disappeared after the war,when institutions proliferated, were up­graded, and increased greatly in size,producing a competitive demand forfaculty, including "names" to dress upan otherwise mundane roster.Staffing of other institutions has al­ways been one of the University's func­tions, both in training of graduate stu­dents and in appointment of juniorfaculty in the expectation that most ofthem would receive offers of otherpositions. The academic game of mus­ical chairs among top ranking facultyis something new, however.President Beadle last autumn report­ed to the alumni that the quarter hadopened with 103 new appointments.The total for this fall is not compiled,but the search has been going on con­tinuously, with a number of appoint­ments at the rank of professor made inthe late spring and early summer.Francis A. Allen, whose special fieldis criminal law, is returning to the LawSchool with a joint appointment in theSchool of Social Service Administra­tion, from the Michigan Law School towhich he went last year. Mr. Allen isthe second to receive one of the newUniversity Professorships. The first wasto Leonard Krieger, European his tori- an, from Yale, who begins his activeassociation with the University in Oc­tober after spending the last year atthe Institute for Advanced Study.John Hope Franklin, who has builta solid reputation as an historian ofthe south, has an appointment as pro­fessor of American history, but likeMr. Krieger, will be a year in arrivingon the quadrangles. Professor andchairman of the department of historyat Brooklyn College, he has been dur­ing the past year William Pitt Professorof American History and Institutionsat St. John's College, Cambridge Uni­versity, and because of this absencedesires to return to Brooklyn Collegeto meet his obligations to the depart-ment. .Josef Fried, organic chemist who hasdone important research in the chemis­try of antibiotics, alkaloids and steroidhormones, has been appointed a pro­fessor in the Ben May Laboratory forCancer Research and concurrently a re­search associate with rank of professorin the Department of Biochemistry.Mr. Fried has been director of thedivision of organic chemistry at theSquibb Institute for Medical Research,New Brunswick, New Jersey, and heldthe Knapp Memorial Lectureship atthe University of Wisconsin in 1958.He is the discoverer of fluorohydrocor­tisone, related to one of the steroidhormones from the cortex of the adre­nal glands, which is in general use inthe treatment of certain adrenal dis­orders.The Rev. Dr. Martin E. Marty be­came an associate professor of churchhistory in the Divinity School as ofJuly 1. Member of the Ministerium ofthe Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod,and an associate editor of The ChristianCentury, with which he will continue,the Rev. Dr. Marty served until joiningthe faculty as minister of a suburbanLutheran church.Donald E. Osterbrock, a four-timeChicago alumnus, an observationalastronomer and theoretician in thephysical characteristics of matter inspace, will hold a visiting professor­ship. A professor at the University ofWisconsin, he taught at the CaliforniaInstitute of Technology, 1953-58, whenhe was on the staff of Mount Wilson­Palomar Observatories.VASSAR'S PRESIDENT-Not onlydoes Chicago develop faculty membersTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfor other institutions but it also pro- .vi des presidents. The latest to be tappedis Alan Simpson, Thomas E. DonnellyProfessor of History and dean of theCollege, who will take office as theseventh president of Vassar College,July 1, 1964, as successor to retiringSarah Gibson Blanding.Holder of three degrees from col­leges of Oxford University, Dean Simp­son came to the Midway in 1946, afterSIMPSONeight years as Senior Lecturer in mod­ern British history at the University ofSt. Andrews, and World War II serv­ice as a captain and major in the RoyalArtillery.He was a recipient of a QuantrellAward for excellence in undergraduateteaching in 1951. As dean of the Col­lege the last four years, he was firmlycommitted to the Chicago tradition ofliberal education. Author of two schol­arly books, he also was co-editor of ThePeople Shall Judge, a work well knownto many College alumni.Traditionally, the deanship of theCollege has produced academic presi­dents and administrators. In the twen­ties, Ernest Hatch Wilkins becamepresident of Oberlin College; Chaun­cey Boucher, his successor, president ofthe University of West Virginia andchancellor of the University of Ne­braska; Aaron J. Brumbaugh, presidentof Shimer College, before becoming aplanner for the State of Florida's high­er educational system.MAY-JUNE, 1963 HONORS-The high distinction ofelection to the National Academy ofSciences was conferred on three facultymembers in late April. Fred R. Eggan,Harold H. Swift Distinguished Serv­ice Professor and chairman of the De­partment of Anthropology; Dwight J.Ingle, professor and chairman of theDepartment of Physiology; and ClydeA. Hutchison, Jr., Carl William Eis­endrath Professor in the Departmentof Chemistry and the Enrico FermiInstitute for Nuclear Studies wereamong the 34 scientists elected fromthe nation. There are now 29 Chicagomembers of the National Academy.Mr. Eggan also was elected to theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sci­ences, as were George Wells Beadle,President of the University, Robert J.Braidwood, professor in the OrientalInstitute and the Department of An­thropology, and Julian R. Goldsmith,professor of geophysical sciences andassociate dean of the Division of thePhysical Sciences.Another honor to Mr. Ingle was hiselection as vice-president of the Soci­ety for Experimental Biology and Med­icine.Seven of the faculty received' J hnSimon Guggenheim Memorial Founda­tion fellowships to pursue researchprojects on which they are working:Howard M. Brown, assistant profes­sor of music in the 16th centuryItalian Theatre; Arthur R. Heiserman,assistant professor of English, develop­ment of narrative techniques in Englishromances of the medieval period; Ar­cadius Kahan, associate professor ofeconomics, comparative studies of indi­vidual and collectivized agriculture;Erle V. Leicthy, research associate inAssyriology, studies of ancient Meso­potamian rituals; Reinhard Oehme, as­sociate professor of physics, the struc­ture and interactions of elementaryparticles; Earl E. Rosenthal, associateprofessor of art-who also received aconcurrent Fulbright-the original de­sign of the palace of Charles V inGranada; Riccardo 1. Setti, associateprofessor of physics, studies of thelambda-binding energy in heavy hyper­nuclei.Ray E. Brown, vice-president foradministration, and former superin­tendent of the University Clinics, willreceive in August the DistinguishedService Award for 1963 of the Ameri- can Hospital Association, of which hewas president in 1955.Richard P. McKeon, Charles F.Gray Distinguished Service Professorof Philosophy, member of the facultysince 1934, has been appointed Caruslecturer by the American PhilosophicalAssociation, the Association's highestacademic honor. Another recent recog­nition of Mr. McKeon was the con­ferral in June of the honorary degreeof Doctor of Humane Letters by Wash­ington University, St. Louis.Dr. Stephen Rothman, professoremeritus of medicine, was one of sixdermatologists singled out as preemi­nent in that specialty in the first suchdesignation in the history of the Amer­ican Dermatological Association.Dr. Leon O. Jacobson, professor andchairman of the Department of Medi­cine, and director of the Argonne Can­cer Research Hospital, a pioneer ininvestigation of the biological effectsof nuclear radiation, received a specialaward from the American Nuclear So­ciety, becoming the first physician sohonored. The award: a citation and$1,000, tax free, to buttress the honor.DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR -Hans Morgenthau, professor of politi­cal science and modern history, anddirector of the University's Center forthe Study of American Foreign andMilitary Policy, becomes the new hold­er of the Albert Abraham MichelsonDistinguished Service Professorship asMORGENTHAUof October 1. The present holder ofthe chair is Gregor Wentzel, professorof physics, who becomes emeritusMichelson professor, September 30.Mr. Morgenthau, who has served asconsultant to the last three adminis-7trations and many agencies of the U. S.government, is internationally knownas a political theorist and authority onthe relations between nations. The Uni­versity of Chicago Press last year pub­lished his three-volume work, Politicsin the Twentieth Century. He is theauthor, of five other books and innum­erable special studies.George J. Stigler, who holds theCharles R. Walgreen Professorship ofAmerican Institutions in the GraduateSchool of Business, has received theconcurrent title of Distinguished Serv­ice Professor. Mr. Stigler is president­elect of the American Economic Asso­ciation.HARPER PROFESSORSHIPS-Ben­son E. Ginsburg, professor of biologyand psychology, and head of the Bi­ology Section of the College; NormanF. Maclean, professor of English andchairman, Committee on General Stud­ies in the Humanities, and Joshua C.Taylor, professor of art in the Depart­ment of Art and in the College (whoseanalysis of Lippold's sculpture appearsin this issue), have been appointedWilliam Rainey Harper Professors.These professorships, inaugurated in1950 by a grant from the CarnegieCorporation of New York, and nowcontinued by the University, are as­signed to the College. Joseph J. Schwab,professor of natural sciences in the Col­lege and professor in the Departmentof Education, also holds a Harper chair.DEAN-Norton S. Ginsburg, profes­sor of geography, who ranges throughurban' geography, political geographyand economic development of easternand southeast Asia, becomes associatedean of the College, July 1, succeedingWarner A. Wick, who resigned tospend full time as dean of students.A member of the faculty since 1947,Mr. Ginsburg is in constant demand asa consultant in everything from urbanplanning to development of the Asiannations. He returns to the quadranglesthis autumn after serving as a memberof a Ford Foundation consulting groupfor the Calcutta Metropolitan PlanningOrganization. All these activities in­terrupt but do not divert his devotionto undergraduate teaching and he plansto offer a new College course on "TheCity" in the winter quarter.REl'IREMENTS-R. Wendell (Pat)Harrison, M. S., '25, Ph. D., '30, who BENSON GINSBURGcame out of Texas to the University asa student forty-two years ago, becamea faculty member in 1937, and afterserving as associate dean and dean ofthe Division of the Biological Sciences,moved on to vice-president and dean offaculties in 1947, retired in June.Twice, between the Hutchins-Kimptonand the Kimpton-Beadle administra­tions, he was acting head of the Uni­versity.The retirement was preceded by areception, to which Pat had reluctantlyacceded, attended by several hundredfriends among the faculty and admin­istration. This demonstration of regardwas indicative of his skill in a sensitivepost, which involved framing and allo­cating the budget, and recommendingappointments and promotions as wellas general administrative duties, allrequiring decisions not likely to winfriends."The stature of the faculty speaksfor Pat Harrison's wisdom and discern­ment" President Beadle said at hisretir:ment. "With a graciousness thatalmost has gone out of style in Ameri­can life, he judged men on the basisof the highest scholarly and scientificmerit and built where greatness in auniversity begins-its faculty."WILLETT FELLOWSHIPS-An im­portant encouragement to Collegeteachers comes in the form of the Wil­lett Faculty Fellowships, established bythe late Howard L. Willett, Sr., '06(see Memorials), which provide up to$3,500 each to free three of the Col­lege faculty annually for a quarterwhich they can devote to their research.Mrs. Ruth H. Webber, assistant pro­fessor of Spanish; Sylvain Bromberger,assistant professor in the Departmentof Philosophy, and of the physical sci-MAClEAN TAYLORences in the College, and Thomas Riha,assistant professor of history, andchairman of the Russian Civilizationstaff of the college, were selected thisyear.ROSENBERGER MEDAL-Con­ferred in recognition of distinguishedachievement in the advancement oflearning or notably great service in thepromotion of human welfare, the Ros­enberger Medal endowed in 1923 byMr. and Mrs. Jesse L. Rosenberger, isa select honor, discriminatingly given.At the first session of the 302ndConvocation, in June, Major Lenox R.Lohr, became the seventeenth recipient.Major Lohr, president of the Museumof Science and Industry and first chair­man of the Illinois Commission onHigher Education, was cited as "edu­cator on an unprecedented scale."AND A DIPLOMA-There was alacuna in the academic record of EmeryT. Filbey, vice president emeritus ofthe University, Ph. B., '17, M. A., '20,LL. D., '55. Mr. Filbey, who becamean associate professor in 1923, subse­quently held practically eve�y a�min.is­trative position in the University, In­cluding a long list after his "retire­ment" in 1944. The gap in his creden­tials was plugged when UniversityHigh School added him to its graduat­ing class of 1963 and provided a di­ploma.In the course of teaching under Col.Francis W. Parker in the LaboratorySchool, and studying for a Bachelor'sdegree, Mr. Filbey disregarded thefact he had not graduated from highschool, but the Registrar's Office underWalter Payne, didn't and wouldn't.It was "suggested" that he takeextra courses to remedy the deficiencyand in that effort he accumulatedTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEenough majors for a Master's degree.This time the Registrar nodded, andMr. Filbey blithely slipped by withoutapplying any of the credits to the sec­ondary certificate.RICKETTS PRIZE-Dr. Richard Ed­win Shope, eminent virologist of .theRockefeller Institute, was the fiftiethanniversary recipient of the Universi­ty's Howard Taylor Ricketts MemorialAward. He has identified numerousviruses which cause diseases in animals,and established the mechanism of trans­mission, achievements which have con­tributed greatly to understanding ofinfectious diseases in humans.The Ricketts A wards were estab­lished in honor of Dr. Howard TaylorRicketts University microbiologist whodemons�rated that Rocky Mountainspotted fever is transmitted by ticksand was the discoverer of the organ­ism that causes typhus fever. Dr. Rick­etts died of typhus on May 3, 1910;the class of micro-organisms on whichhe worked are scientifically known as"rickettsa" In recognition of his dis­coverres.First given in 1913 as a studentprize in bacteriology and parasitology,the award in 1948 became one con­ferred for distinguished service inmedical science. The list of both classesof winners includes many of the famousnames of modern medicine.PIONEERING DOCTORS-The Uni­versity Clinics, opening in 1927, :,ereregarded with skepticism and consider­able hostility by the medical professionbecause they were staffed by physicians and surgeons who gave full-time serv­-ice to teaching, research and care ofpatients, received faculty salaries onlyand did not engage in private practice.The full-time principle was contraryto the standard practice of attendingstaff, private practitioners who gavepart of their time to teaching of medi­cal students. Long since, it has becomerecognized that the full-time staff isthe best for all purposes; all academicmedical schools and research hospitalshave added some full-time members,even though they can not attain Chi­cago's unique position of a completelyfull-time organization.Seven members of the staff, includ­ing members of the original faculty,who have been with the Universitymedical development-now known asthe University of Chicago Hospitalsand Clinics-were cited in May forthirty-five years of service. All of themhave contributed significantly to thereputation of the medical program andall of them are distinguished in themedical profession.The seven were: Dr. Emmet B. Bay,professor of medicine; Dr. M. EdwardDavis, Joseph Bolivar DeLee Profes­sor and chairman of the Department-of.Obstetrics and Gynecology; Dr. CharlesB. Huggins, William B. Ogden Dis­tinguished Service Professor of Medi­cine and director of the Ben MayLaboratory for Cancer Research; Dr.Eleanor M. Humphreys, professoremeritus of pathology, Dr. C. PhillipMiller, professor emeritus of medicine;and, Dr. Walter L. Palmer, Richard T.Crane Professor Emeritus of Medicine.1963 RICKETTS PRIZE-Dr. H. Stanley Bennett, recipient Dr. Richard Edwin Shopeand Dr. Henry T. Ricketts.MAY-JUNE, 1963 Drs. Bay, Huggins, Miller and Pal­mer were members of the faculty whenthe Clinics opened; Dr. Humphreyswas a teaching assistant, and Dr. Daviscame shortly afterward.MEDICAL DISTINCTION-TheSchool of Medicine also gave Distin­guished Service Awards to three medi­cal alumni and to a former member ofthe faculty: Dr. Edwin M. Miller, M.D.'13, former chairman of the departmentof surgery of Presbyterian Hospital (nowPresbyterian-St. Luke's), Chicago, stillactive as a pediatric surgeon; Dr. Eg­bert H. Fell, MD. '31, clinical profes­sor of surgery, University of IllinoisCollege of Medicine; Dr. Robert F.Rusmer, M.D. '38, professor of physi­ology and biophysics, University ofWashington, Seattle, and Dr. TheodoreRasmussen, former professor of neuro­logical surgery at the University, nowdirector of the Montreal NeurologicalInstitute and professor of neurologyand neurological surgery, McGill Uni­versity. Dr. Fell's son, Thomas E., tookhis M. D. degree from the School ofMedicine at the June convocation.The School's James A. McClintockAward for the outstanding teacher ofthe year was given to Dr. Charles F.Barlow, B.S.'45, M.D.'47, associate pro­fessor of neurology, Department ofMedicine. Dr. Barlow becomes Bron­son Crothers Professor of Neurology,Harvard Medical School, this autumn.While the School was giving honors,its students were winning some for it.Seniors took three of the fifteen na­tional awards given for student re­search by The American Society ofClinical Pathologists. Ira Finegold andRoger L. Ladda each received a $100Sheard-Sanford Award, and ThomasA. Borden received the Society-Bausch& Lomb A ward gold medal.RESIGNATION-John T. Wilson,who came to the quadrangles in Oc­tober, 1961, as special assistant to thePresident, and as professor of psychol­ogy, resigned to become deputy directorof the National Science Foundation onJuly l.Mr. Wilson had been with thatagency as assistant director in chargeof the Division of the Biological andMedical Sciences prior to his Univer­sity appointment. His competence as anadministrator was demonstrated in hisfirst assignment, when he reorganizedUniversity Extension. w. v. M.910 DEFINITION QVARIATION No. 7(FULL MOON)"A dynamic centermoves out intospace ... acontinuallyevolving process"THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESPACETHE SCULPTURE OF RICHARD LIPPOLDWhile a student at the School of the Art Institute ofChicago, 1934-38, Richard Lippold did his four yearsof academic work at University College of The Uni­versity of Chicago. Joshua C. Taylor, Harper Professorof Art, interprets Lippold's contribution to the modernredefinition of sculpture as revelation of space.So fixed has been our traditional notion of whatconstitutes sculpture that the simple word "sculptural"has typically been used to designate any compactlyorganized mass, whether a mountain, a building, ora well nourished young woman. But this well estab­lished connotation is thoroughly frustrated by muchsculpture of the past fifty years which is not pattable,solid, nor monumentally resistant to the passing of time.The works of Richard Lippold provide just, suchan instance. Usually suspended in air, never whollyvisible' at'any one moment, they seem as transient .aslight and more the product of the space they inhabitthan of the material from which they are constructed.We have learned in recent years to talk of architec­ture more in terms of space than of walls and impos­ing facades, and we are forced to realize' through suchsculpture as this that sculpture is more accuratelycharacterized by its revelation of.space, by the way,that is, it makes us conscious of space, than by itsmass and density. The word "sculptural" must beredefined.To admit to a consciousness of space may imply avariety of meanings, quite aside from those having todo with astronauts and international competition. Itmight refer to that lonely state of mind arising froman intense self-consciousness before a vast impersonalspace, a lonely figure in a void, so compellingly ex­pressed in the sculptures of Alberto Giacometti.Or it may suggest a sense of unlimited freedom ofaction, the possibility of infinite extension and expan­sion, "wide open spaces." But the awareness of spaceitself-other than as the measurable distance betweentwo objects or limiting walls-seems to be inseparablefrom a distinct emotional state, whether of terror orpleasure.Invariably we describe it in emotive terms. It isbecause of this curious tendency that space, once madevivid to the mind, can change from being simply en­vironment, a kind of negative ambiance, to become apotent element of artistic form. I",The difficulty in all this, of course, lies in the vividMAY-JUNE, 1963 11perception of space in the first place. The blunting ofperception seems a quality inseparable from our defini­tion of civilization, and the conscious sensing of spaceis no exception. One of the most persistent early effortsto comprehend the mystery of space was to proveawareness of the elusive phenomenon through defi­nition, that is, by establishing describable finite meas­urements that could be understood in some logicalfashion.In art, perspective is one such system, elating theinquiring mind not so much because of the system'sability to create illusion, as for its proof of the mind'slogical domination over the perceptually elusive realityof space. As in many such matters, however, the defi-12 INLAND STEEL SCULPTURE"T eaches the jaded eyeto respond once moreto order in space"LIPPOLD AT WORK"The sculptor recreateshis web of the InlandSteel work, first formedin his studio"nition can easily become more engrossing than thething defined, and in time, space becomes a functionof perspective without an existence of its own, just astime is commonly misconstrued as a product of clocks.When this happens, the emotional force of the con­sciousness of space is quietly forgotten.In their typically insistent way, modern architectsand sculptors, and painters too, have effectively suc­ceeded in restoring the perception of space to therealm of human significance, allowing it to functiononce more as a live, provocative element of our ex­perience. They have tried to avoid the treacherouslimitations of definition by seeking to animate themedium with the least possible attention to the sourceTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEof animation.There could hardly be a clearer example of a spacecharged with live tension although neither strictlybounded nor occupied, than that occurring in an earlywork by Lippold (about 1947). Two sets of brasswires, moving like lines in space, set up persuas­ive, quite irresistible sequences of rhythm whichhalt abruptly, precisely at the moment of greatestintensity, just at the point at which they are about totouch. Somehow each set of wires has transformed it­self from a cluster of metal into an independent force,and the forces are strong enough to escape the limitsof the lines themselves, to push ahead into space.And there the invisible confrontation takes place,MAY-JUNE,1963 in what physically is an empty area but which in ourminds is a moment of highly charged tension. Ourwhole concern is focused on the eloquent bit of empti­ness which becomes a symbol of all those momentarilyunbridgeable gaps that haunt human communication.In naming the work the artist was all too specific: hecalled it "Embrace."This use of reenforcing sequences of rhythm is arather facile, though diverting, tour de force. Althoughthe work does create a humming, electrified space, itsuggests a single incident-a kind of spacial anecdote-rather than encouraging a perception that belongsto a larger experience of space in general. Its alliancewith human action is provocative but also limiting.13ORPHEUS AND ApOLLO"The gleaming bars hoverin space ... the twoclusters echoingeach other"This is certainly not the case, however, in a work froma few years later, the "Variation Number 7: Full Moon"(1949-50), now in the Museum of Modern Art, NewYork.The viewer is not led along simple paths to a dy­namic center; he begins there and moves out intospace. The brass rods and steel wires become tem­porary markers in a space that seems orderly butcontinuous. Individual forms are simple enough,squares and regular radiating lines, but a squarequietly transforms itself into a cube, one cube foldsinto another, until we cannot fix on anyone point butlose outs elves in a continually evolving process.Yet far from being a confusing chaos, the spatialactivity in which we engage is so regular in its effec­tive motion that it establishes a sense of scale andproportion that imparts a particular character not onlyto the space contained by the taut lines of the sculp­ture but to the space around as well. This scale is notjust a simple geometric projection. It is more like ameasured radiance, expanding, tense, yet ordered.14 The consciousness that each major part of the spa­tial design is in tension, that the very sense of form isdependent on a delicately established equilibriumpoised exactly but precariously-an effect enhanced bythe changing emphasis of light as we move around­sharpens our concentration and makes space seem still,yet alive.If a work of sculpture can indeed make us not onlyaware of space but respond to a spatial order in sucha way that all immediately surrounding space seemscharged and alive, a question must arise concerningthe nature of the surrounding space.Such sculpture as this by Lippold cannot exist justanywhere, in any kind of room. Quite aside from thephysical requirements of its installation, there is thepossibility that some overbearing rooms might destroythe sculpture or, equally possible; that the sculpturemight point out the spatial disharmony of the room.It is quite understandable, at any rate, that Lippoldwould inevitably become involved with architects. Sohe did, and the association has been a happy one. HisTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEEMBRACE"Irresistible sequencesof rhythm which haltabruptly, preciselyat the momentof greatest intensity"most effective works have taken shape in new build­ings created in accord with aesthetic values not unlikehis own.So often sculpture associated with architecture isthought of as decoration, as filling some corner wherea special accent is needed to complete the composition.Either the sculpture becomes a part or counterpart ofthe structure or, if free standing serves as a pivot ormarker in space.Lippold's sculpture in the lobby of the Inland SteelBuilding in Chicago serves in neither of these ways.Although it is isolated in a glassy pool of water andcontained within an imagined cube, it belongs to thetotal space of the room. It seems to be simply the mostalive point in a larger alive space.Curiously didactic in its quiet way, it teaches thejaded eye to respond once more to order in space, andthe building takes on added vitality through its pres­ence. How can a space so enlivened be said to lackhuman warmth?MAY-JUNE,1963 But the most dramatic of Lippold's peopling ofarchitectural space is to be found in the complex sus­pended structures installed last year in the vast lobbyof New York's new Symphony Hall. The gleamingbars hover in space quite free from enclosing frames,real or imagined. Although far apart, the two clustersecho each other, giving substance to the space be­tween. With hundreds of taut cables holding all ele­ments in an exactly adjusted relationship to each other,the shining bars appear as only the most obvious mem­bers of a busy community of rays and forces.They seem to come together through some interiorpersuasion, yet they belong just as securely to thespace around. There is no feeling of solid against void,of man against space. The pausing concert goer isinvited to lose himself for the moment in the livelyvision, to allow his imagination to carry him into thisfree realm of spatial play, until he makes the vastarchitectural space his own, peopled with his feelings,his sense of wonder, his realization of what space is.15IN TIlEj;1t\1r�l1W ({Laur! ot tilt l'u\t�b �tutt£i-No.9 Original-S'tA'l'E OF ARIZONA, C01ll,plaina1lt,v .STATE OF CALll'Ol.unA, -PALO VERDE IIll\lOA'l10� DISTRICT,IMl'lll\IAL Iruuot..TlON DISTRIC)T. COACl-LELT •. 1. V AL1.EYCOUNTY WATER DlS'1'1l1CT, TrlE 1i1I,'£1101'OLlTANW ATEIl DISTRICT OF SO\)T:fllll\N C.l.LtFOIlNIA, CITYOF Los ANOFJ.,ES, CITY OF SAN D!lWO. ,um COUN'fYOF SAN DtEOO, Defendants,UNITED STATES OF A}J:ERIC'\ and STATE Of NE",\D,\,1 ntC'l'Ve1�ers,STATE OF NEW 'MEXICO and ST,\TE Of UTA1-Belote the !:tou. Simon !:t. Rif1<.\ud, Specla-COMMENTS. SUGGESTIONS,16 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZ INEIf reactors three times the size of the largest now exist­ing are constructed in association with large fuel repro­ducing plants, they can provide not only incrediblycheap electrical power, but a bonus of desalted water.Vast arid lands could be made fertile. Sweeping eco­nomic effects would result.This theoretical analysis thus leads unavoidably toa question of maior public significance. If the theorypropounded by alumnus Alvin M. Weinberg (directorof the Oak Ridge National Laboratory) is feasible, ispublic financing a practical necessity?ANuclear Long before Enrico Fermi and his associates dem­onstrated on December 2, 1942, in the racquets courtunder the Stagg Field stands, that a self-sustainednuclear chain reaction could be achieved, physicistshad been aware of the tremendous power potentialthat could be released from the nucleus of the atom.The Fermi, "pile," Dr reactor, was on a, laboratoryscale; when the battery of large reactors were in opera-,tion at Hanford, Washington, producing the plutoniumfor the Nagasaki bomb, they generated such greatheat that the water diverted from the Columbia forcooling raised the downstream temperature of theriver appreciably. ,The purpose during the war was to produce mate­rial for the bomb, but even while 'they were occupiedwith this overriding military problem" the scientistswere speculating about the ultimate utilization of thisheat to produce steam to drive dynamos.After the war, the use, of nuclear energy for powerinvolved extension of basic" scientific knowledge andtechnology to design improved reactors. The informedestimates of scientists, which first became public inthe autumn of 1945, was that at least two decadeswould pass before nuclear sources could become rela­tively competitive with conventional fuel, coal and oil,to' spin the dynamos. In those parts of the worldwhere coal and oil were not easily available and hencewere expensive, nuclear-generated electric power wasconsidered feasible much sooner.TVA?Argonne's pioneer powerWhen -the Atomic Energy Commission began tofunction, one of its major programs was the utilizationof nuclear energy for power. The .Argonne NationalLaboratory of the AEC, at Lemont, Illinois, operatedfor the Commission by the University of Chicago, andMAY-JUNE, 1963 17the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee(which also had been operated by the University dur­ing the war) were designated as the major centersfor reactor design.It was Argonne that designed the prototype of thereactor that put the Nautilus submarine and the grow­ing U. S. Reet of nuclear powered underwater shipsinto the oceans, and it was at Arco, Idaho, Argonne'sreactor test site, that the first electricity-enough tolight the city-was generated from nuclear fuel.The AEC established a policy of encouraging pro­duction of electricity by private industry, as well asby governmental agencies. It made the designs forreactors available for such ventures and enabled com­binations of power companies to mitigate the non­competitive costs of nuclear generating stations byproviding both direct and indirect subsidies.Progress was steady but not spectacular for morethan a decade after the war, and Congress periodic­ally grew excited about the "lag" and engaged inoratory and hearings. The programs under which theUnited States undertook to help foreign countries de­velop nuclear plants by giving the fuel, as part of the"Atoms for Peace" program, started hopefully andt�en dwindled when the oceans of Near East oil pro­vided a much cheaper source of fuel than either coalor the atom.But through a combination of many factors, fromimproved reactor design, advancing engineeringknowledge and increase in the size of the plants, thenuclear generating stations of the United States havebeen lessening the economic advantage of the conven­tionally fueled generating stations. This gain wasachieved even though improved technology in miningand transportation of coal have reduced the price ofthat fuel appreciably, and generating stations havebecome more efficient.A revolutionary dimension of nuclear power, notonly competitive with that from conventional sourcesbut even dramatically undercutting the cost, was pre­sented when the Symposium on Plutonium Chemistrywas held at the University last February. AlumnusAlvin M. Weinberg, S.B., '35; S.M., '36; Ph.D., '39, aformer member of the wartime Manhattan Districtteam, now director of the Oak Ridge National Labora­tory, elaborated a theory advanced by R. P. Hammondof the Los Alamos Laboratory.Mr. Hammond, Ph.D., '47, had suggested that nu­clear plants of the order of three times the size of anypresent generating unit, conventional or nuclear, wouldspectacularly cut the cost of electric power. As a by­product bonus, the plant could also de-salt sea watera� � cost of a sixth or tenth of present methods, pro­vIdI�g. enormous water supplies not only for com­munities already at the limits of natural sources butconceivably for irrigation of arid lands as well. 'Mr. Weinberg was not predicting that the carefultheoretical analysis he was presenting meant a suddengreat leap forward. Attainment of the installations heconceived faces scientific, engineering and economicunknowns. But by extrapolating present factors he ar-18 rived at a theoretically possible attainment of thepotentialities of nuclear power that have been antici­pated for the last twenty years.Making the desert bloomThe social and political implications of his tentativeestimates of unbelievably low cost for power are star­tling. Power on such a scale and at such a low costas he envisaged would change the economic stature ofmany countries; the torrents of cheap desalted waterthe huge nuclear plants could provide as a by-productcould change much of the face of the earth by trans­forming arid areas into fertile lands.The analysis proceeded step by step, beginning withpresent costs. Today's largest conventional steam boil­er and generator installations develop about one mil­lion kilowatts and their construction and equipmentcosts are about $115 per kilowatt produced, or $115,-000,000. Beyond the million-kilowatt capacity, steamplants using coal or oil encounter major engineeringproblems of multiple steam drums and difficulty inc?ntrolling combustion of the fuel because of the largeSIze of the fire box required.Of the $115 per kilowatt cost of a traditional typeof generating plant, the electrical equipment costs$65, and with a 40 per cent thermal efficiency, thesteam raising system-the boilers-takes $20 per ther­mal kilowatt. With fixed charges averaging about 7.75per cent, the capital cost of producing ten millionBTU of heat is six cents. It would be the heat costthat nuclear plants would lower; the generating equip­�ent would be the same, for steam from any sourceIS the same steam, and pushes the turbine blades of agenerator the same way.The cheapest reactor plant under design today, thatat Bodega Head, California, has a steam raising costof $35 per kilowatt, compared to the $20 of a conven­tionally fueled plant. However, Mr. Weinberg's esti­mates of cost for various types of existing reactorsindicated that as size is increased the heat cost plum­meted. �hus, �or a 3,500,000 kilowatt heat generatingreactor, III which the neutrons that fission the uraniumwere moderated, or slowed down, by ordinary water,the estimated cost came to $21. .The competitive designIf the reactor size be increased to a 25 million kilo­watt heat output, the theoretical cost is reduced to$15. Assuming the present $65 cost of the generatingequipment, the capital cost of these very large reactorpower stations is about $115 per kilowatt generated,the same as the most efficient coal system.Since fission of the uranium in a reactor continu­ously builds up "contamination" by producing isotopesthat absorb the neutrons and reduce the efficiency ofthe chain reaction, the uranium must be periodicallyremoved and replaced with fresh fuel. The fuel soremoved can be chemically processed to recover theTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWEINBERG HAMMONDunused uranium and to isolate the valuable by-productisotope, plutonium (Pu 239). Most of the other iso­topes are economically valueless and are disposed ofby storage on land or in containers dropped into oceandepths.Mr. Weinberg's estimates, based on calculationsdone at Oak Ridge, indicate that large scale chemicaloperations greatly reduce the cost of chemical proc­essing. One demonstration of this reduction from in­creasing the scale is in the ability of the United Statesto separate U -235 from natural uranium in its hugegaseous diffusion plants and sell it at $12 a gram, al­though the U-235 content of the uranium is only 0.7of one per cent. In the United Kingdom, which doessuch separation on a much smaller scale than theUnited States, the cost of U-235 is several times asmuch.Estimates based on experience at large plutoniumproduction plants at Hanford and Savannah Riverreveal that a remarkable decrease in cost of fabricatingand reprocessing the nuclear fuel results with a boldincrease in scale. In a plant capable of reprocessingone ton of spent fuel elements a day (the "burned"U -238), the total cost is $61 per kilogram. In a plantten times bigger, the cost drops to $30 a kilogram.At $3.33 per gram, the fuel cost of uranium fissionedbut not reprocessed is 0.5 mills a kilowatt hour of elec­tricity, and some authorities therefore contend that itis not worth while to reprocess the spent uranium.Reprocessing, however, will recover four grams ofplutonium, presently worth $26.80, a return four orfive times the reprocessing cost in the projected largerecovery plant and makes possible an 0.06 mills fuelcost per kilowatt hour of electricity.Too much plutonium?There is a catch in this. If huge reactors are builtthey will turn out a hundred or so kilograms of plu­tonium a day, and as with everything else, when sup­ply increases, the price falls. Presumably, with suchMAY-JUNE, 1963 large amounts of plutonium available, its price wouldnot hold at $6.70 a gram. The plutonium retrievedfrom the reprocessed uranium can, however, be usedas a reactor fuel, in place of U -235, for it also is fis­sionable.For such use, Mr. Weinberg tentatively figured thevalue of plutonium at $3.50 per gram, a level thatwould raise the fuel cost about .3 mill per kilowatthour. Because the value of plutonium is· uncertainwhen produced in large quantities, Mr. Weinbergcontinued his projections either on the basis of throw­away of the spent fuel or by assuming that plutoniumremained at its present value of $6.70 per gram.Using these alternatives, he estimates the steam costfrom a 25,000,000 kilowatt reactor, moderated byheavy water-more efficient than ordinary water-andserviced by a ten-ton per day capacity reprocessingplant. A public facility, with 7.7 per cent financingcharges, would produce steam at a fuel cost of 7 centsper 1,000,000 BTU, assuming reprocessing that wouldproduce plutonium worth $6.70 a gram. If the plu­tonium were not recovered and the spent fuel wasthrown away, the cost would rise to 11 cents.In a privately financed plant, for which financingcosts would be 14 per cent, the cost, with the spentmaterial thrown away, would be 15.7 cents. In a con­ventional electrical generating plant, using coal atpresent prices, the comparable fuel cost is 38 cents,or six times the lowest estimate projected for nuclearfuel.The estjmated cost of generating a kilowatt hour ofelectricity with nuclear fuel is incredibly low, rangingfrom 1.6 mills for the assumed governmentally oper­ated reactors getting a plutonium credit from reproc­essing, to 3 mills for a privately owned plant whichthrows away the used fuel.As steam exchanges its heat for the mechanicalpurpose of turning a dynamo" its pressure falls, andas the pressure falls, the value of {he steam begins todecrease, slowly at first but rapidly as the pressuredrops more sharply. Thus, steam entering a turbineat 600 pounds pressure per square inch is worth 7cents per million B.T.U., but at 220 degrees Fahren­heit it is worth only 1.3 cents, and at 190 degrees, 0.5cents."F "ree desalted waterBut low pressure steam in such enormous quantitiesas envisaged can be used as a means of desaltingwater. Steam worth only 1.3 per million B.T.U. forgenerating power can, at 220 degrees F, evaporatesalt water much more cheaply than is now possiblein desalting plants. Even the possibility of using spentsteam from conventional power plants to desalt wateris being given serious consideration in Israel and inLos Angeles.Since the cost of steam would be so much less inone of the huge reactor plants, and the amount pro­duced so much larger, desalting plants of a size that19dwarf existing ones are possible. The largest evapo­rator in operation has a capacity of 1,300,000 gallonsof desalted water per day, but the 25 million kilowattreactor would provide enough steam to distill a billiongallons a day.Evaporating plants with such output would be athousand times larger than today's biggest, but sincethe evaporators are repetitive-a series of similar units-such tremendous desalting plants do not appear topresent insoluble engineering problems.-A dual-purpose reactor station generating 5,000,000kilowatts of electricity and a billion gallons of watera day would cost $562,000,000 for reactor, $250,000,-000 for the generator, and $227,000,000 for the evapo­rator system. The total capital cost of such a tremen­dous dual purpose installation would be about onebillion dollars. The electric power from this system(still assuming a plutonium credit of $6.70 a gram)would be produced at about 1.7 mills a kilowatt hour,and if the power were sold at the transmission con­nection even at this price, the water would cost lessthan 15 cents a thousand gallons.Something comparable to a combined electric­evaporator system of this rank is the Snowy Mountainhydraulic project in Australia, which produces 3,0.00,-000 kilowatts of electricity and a billion gallons ofwater a day, at a capital cost of one billion dollars.The Australians charge only for the electricity, dis­tributing the water free.A dual system of such mammoth capacity as Mr.Weinberg projects is entirely conceivable and maybe required in the not too distant future, for installedelectrical capacity in the United States is expectedby 1980 to reach three times the present plant. It is areasonable assumption, therefore, that plants threetimes as large as present stations will be built, withsingle turbo-generators three times as large as today'sbiggest.Gains from reprocessmgMuch of the gain projected from reactor plants, Mr.Weinberg emphasized, comes from reprocessing fuelon an enormous scale and not from increasing the sizeof the reactor. A reactor producing 1,000,000 kilowattscould still produce electricity for around 2 mills perkilowatt, under the lower public financing, and at S.3mills under the higher private financing costs.This would be feasible if the fuel were fabricatedand reprocessed in plants that serviced about 25 suchreactors. If there were no plutonium credit, the elec­tricity would cost about .4 of a mill more a kilowatthour. A multiplicity of smaller reactor plants, servicedby a huge' central chemical plant, should producesurprisingly cheap energy, though not so cheap asthat produced in plants five or ten times larger.The weakest link in the estimates, Mr. Weinbergobserved, is in the assumption of $6.70 per gram ofplutonium, the price which the AEC now pays and onwhich economically feasible operation of the present20 nuclear power plants built by utility companies de­pends. The civilian use of nuclear energy today is onsuch a small scale, in comparison with the "dream"plant, as not seriously to affect the price of plutonium.In the present nuclear plants, the rest of the fuelcycle is so expensive that the plutonium credit amountsto only about half a mill out of the 2 to 2.5 mills perkilowatt hour cost of nuclear fuel. But in the largescale plants, the rest of the fuel cycle costs relativelylittle and so the plutonium price significantly affectsthe possibility of achieving very low fuel cost.Plutonium as fuelIf the price of plutonium fell to $3.50 a gram, thecost of heat would be increased by about two centsfor a million B.T.U. of heat, which considerably nar­rows the advantage over conventional fuels. However,if the recovered plutonium were mixed with thorium,the value would be much higher than the plutoniumalone.A further consideration is that there is likely to bean increasingly large use for plutonium as fuel forsmall power plants, such as those for ship propulsion,and for power stations in remote areas. A "portable"nuclear plant is now in operation by the Army in theArctic. If plutonium can be separated out of "burned"fuel by a large chemical plant, it can be sold at a pricecompetitive with fossil fuels, at least for special pur­poses.Another solution of the plutonium price question isfound in the breeder reactors. If there should be ahuge expansion of nuclear power-water plants, naturaluranium would be used more rapidly than is presentlycontemplated. This increased use would put a pre­mium on the more rapid development of the breederreactor, which, by turning the U -238 that occurs innatural uranium into an equivalent amount of plu­tonium would produce more fissionable fuel than theuranium consumed.A nuclear TVA?As a scientist, Mr. Weinberg is content to point outthat the scheme he presented in his calculations in­evitably raises the issue of public versus private power.What the building of the large scale plants wouldproduce would be the equivalent of a nuclear TVAor a vast extension of the kind of projects developedby the Bureau of Reclamation.Such a nuclear system would transform the economyof an arid coastal region, and even make obsolete thestruggle for water between California, Colorado, N e­vada, and Arizona, recently adjudicated before theU. S. Supreme Court. But a system of such proportions,with its costs and its even greater social implications,probably would have to be a public operation. Thatquestion, Mr. Weinberg only points out, consideringit beyond his sphere of concern. w. v. M.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEFairfax M. Cone:New Chairman of the BoardWhen the Board of Trustees at their June meetingelected Fairfax M. Cone chairman in succession toGlen A. Lloyd, a coincidental parallel between thenumber of chief academic executives and the headsof the trustees was maintained. There have been sevenpresidents (or chancellors) of the University in itsalmost seventy-two years; Mr. Cone became theseventh chairman.Mr. Lloyd, who first came to the Board in 1953, waselected chairman in 1956. A member of the Chicagolaw firm of Bell, Boyd, Lloyd, Hadad and Burns, anda graduate of the Law School, J.D.'23, he will continueas a trustee.During Mr. Lloyd's chairmanship, the life and deatheffort for the University, the preservation of HydePark-Kenwood as a community in which the Univer­sity could continue to exist, was at its most criticalstage. Mr. Lloyd encouraged that effort to the fullest,and under his leadership the trustees committed mil­lions of dollars to purchase strategic property when theoutcome could have gone either way.On the resignation of Chancellor Kimpton, Mr.Lloyd took personal and vigorous leadership in thesearch for a successor. The canvassing and travel ledto the choice of Mr. Beadle, for whom, among otherinducements, the chairman persuasively produced apledge he had from the trustees to provide a $5,000,000fund to use in strengthening the faculty. One of theuses made of this money has been the creation of theU ni versi ty Professorships.During Mr. Lloyd's term there was a major buildingprogram that increased the book value of plant by 68percent to $114,000,000. This construction included thenotable Saarinen-designed Law School, the Center forContinuing Education, of which Edward Durrel Stonewas the architect, and three new medical buildings.The soaring "regular" budget reached $70,000,000; themarket value of endowment went from $166,000,000to $245,000,000 and the total of gifts and bequestswas $110,000,000.MAY-JUNE, 1963 Mr. Cone, a 1925 graduate of the University ofCalifornia, is chairman of the executive committee ofFoote, Cone and Belding, advertising agency. Electedto the Board in 1950, he has served as chairman ofboth the Council of the Graduate School of Businessand the Council on Medical and Biological Research,a member of the Visiting Committee to the Divisionof the Humanities, and the Board's second vice-chair­man, 1955-56, and first vice-chairman, 1956-57.As is Mr. Lloyd, he is widely known, and has takenon many civic activities, with a large cluster of awardsfor his achievements in that sphere andin advertising.Among other educational activities, he is a memberof the Board of Education of Chicago, on the boardof WTTW, the city's educational TV station, and atrustee of the Alumni Foundation of the University ofCalifornia,In 1960, he led Chicago's Crusade of Mercy to itsgoal of $15,000,000. He is vice-president and directorof the Chicago Community Fund and a trustee of theJoint Appeal of the Fund and the American Red Cross.The Board at the June meeting also elected RobertC. Gunness, executive vice-president and a director ofStandard Oil Company (Indiana), first vice-chairman,and Marshall Field, Jr., president and publisher of theChicago Sun-Times and Chicago Daily News, secondvice-chairman. These are rotating offices which Trus­tees James C. Downs and Charles H. Percy, A. B.,1941, respectively, had held.21In whatother businesscould you goso far •III yourfirst year?Each of these five men recently finished his firstfull year with Massachusetts Mutual. And they aver­aged over $900,000 in sales.Can you think of any other business where suchrapid achievement would be possible?As you read the biographies at right, you will noticethat these men held widely different types of jobsbefore they joined Massachusetts Mutual.How do you feel about your present job? Are youadvancing as fast as you'd hoped? Do you reallylike the work you're doing> Or would you rather bein business for yourself like these men - and in abusiness which rewards you in direct proportion toyour achievements?If so, you should investigate the potential of acareer with Mass Mutual. It is one of the oldestand strongest life insurance companies in the countrywith 2.6 billion dollars in assets. And it has an out­standing record of dynamic growth.Just write a personal letter about yourself to CharlesH. Schaaff, President, Massachusetts Mutual LifeInsurance Company, Springfield, Mass. It could wellbe the most important letter you've ever written.MASSACHUSETTS MUTUALLife Insurance CompanySPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ORGANIZED 1851 JOHN T. SODERSTROMA native of Madison, Wisconsin,he retired as a Chief Petty Officerafter 20 years in the Navy andjoined our Honolulu Agency inAugust, 1961. His sales in thecalendar year 1962 totaled 89policies for $690,534. He washonored as the Company's first yearMan of the Month in April, 1962,WALTER W, MAUERWith seven years experience insales and service in tangible goods,he became a member of our Har­risburg Agency in June, 1961.During his first 12 months he sold39 cases for $916,384. In March,1962 he was selected as the Com­pany's first year Man of the Month.PATRICK J. ROACHA graduate of Marquette Univer­sity, and a practicing attorney forsix years, he joined our Milwau­kee Agency in April, 1961 andin his first 12 months he so(d 39cases for $747,400. In each ofthe last 15 consecutive months hesold over $30,000 and in May of1962 was chosen first year Manof the Month.RONALD DAVIS BALSERGraduated from the WhartonSchool of the University of Penn­sylvania in 1960, he joined ourAtlanta Agency in April, 1961.His 1962 ordinary sales amountedto 80.5 policies for $1,533,996.In each of the last 13 months hisproduction exceeded $30,000.GORDON E. GALLOWAYA graduate of the University ofMiami, he served three years withthe USAF. After nine years ofbusiness experience first as a TaxAssessor, and later as a storemanager he joined our Miami­Pierce Agency in March, 1961.His 1962 sales totaled 52 casesfor $627,250.Some of the University of Chicago Alumni in the Massachusetts Mutual Service:Chester A. Schipplock, '27, ChicagoMorris Landwirth, c.L.U., '28, PeoriaLydabeth Watrous, '33, Des MoinesMaurice Hartman, '38, Chicago Petro Lewis Patras, '40, ChicagoTheodore E. Knock, '41, ChicagoRobert H. Bean, '43, ChicagoJacob E. Way, Jr., '50, Waukegan Rolf Erik G. Becker, c.L.U., OaklandJens M. Dellert, ChicagoJames J. Lawler, ChicagoJesse J. Sirnoson, c.L.U., Niagara Falls22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEObjective tests are a burgeoningfact of modern life.Last June Reunion, the AlumniAssociation presented a panel wellprepared to dissect or defend thetests. Excerpts follow below.'From left, the panelists are:MARGARET E. PERRY, AssociateDirector of Admissions.GEORGE L. PLAYE, Dean of Un­dergraduate Students.JOHN M. STALNAKER, '25, AM'28( chairman), President, NationalMerit Scholarship Corporation.LYLE M. SPENCER, '38, President,Science Research Associates.TESTING THE TESTSMH. STALNAKEH: Testing, as we are going to discussit, got started in the latter half of the nineteenth cen­tury, when there developed an interest in mental dif­ferences, the intellectual variables and how they dif­fer among individuals. About the same time camethe development of probability statistics. A third event,this rather recently, has been the development of dataprocessing-high-speed computers which spew outnames and scores with revolting promptness. We alsohave statistical computers that can maneuver the dataand get out information that was once inconceivable.MR. SPENCER: Concerning the size of this industry,this past year about 142,000,000 copies of tests weresold. About 85% were used in education and about15% in industry. The dollar size of the industry isprobably between 25 and 30 million dollars. The fieldin general is growing about twice as fast as the stu­dent population in the country.MR. STALNAKER: Why do we do all this testing? Itcan be simply a habit. There is probably an enormousamount of testing being done, for instance, with nouse being made of the results. But there are some goodreasons:To certify competence. Tests are used by the gov­ernment, for instance, in licensing medical practition­ers, to certify lawyers, accountants, actuaries. Simi­larly, tests for course credit are a certification of com­petence.To predict success, as in college admissions andplacement for courses.To guide individuals. Testing is a basis for counsel-MAY-JUNE,1963 ing, one which is becoming increasingly popular anduseful.To help resolve legal issues. There are tests of loy­alty being developed; certainly the F.B.I. does a greatdeal. Note this about their testing (if you want to callit testing): If they want to find out something aboutIndividual A, generally the last person they will askis Individual A.MR. PLA YE: The difficulty with the loyalty tests isthat the agent really should start by testing the wit­ness.MH. STALNAKER: We also have tests for honesty inwhich we use various types of instrumentation. Thenwe have legal tests for sanity, on which may hangwhether a person will be electrocuted or imprisoned.To qualify for advancement, as in Civil Service. Anumber of our industrial concerns are using tests atthe present time to help them in evaluating the capaci­ty for advanced work.MR. PLAYE: Along with these areas where we dotest, let's mention the one that is missing most: theone that somehow or other can predict, for those ofus who are in counseling in universities, somethingabout the stick-to-it-iveness of the individual. I'm notsure that we'll ever get that.THE CRITICSMR. STALNAKER: Recently there have been threeattacks on testing which have been rather pointed.The first one, called Testing, Testing, Testing, wassponsored by three educational organizations: theNational Association of Secondary School Principals,the National Association of School Administrators and,23the Council of Chief State School Officers. This bookis outrageously bad and no credit to these organiza­tions. There certainly can be legitimate criticism oftesting, but this book is an unscholarly polemic whichis neither fair nor pertinent, nor are all of its conclu­sions relevant.The complaint here is the multiple use of tests in theschools; that many agencies external to the schoolscome in with testing programs. This is true of theNational Merit Scholarship Corporation-and it has inthe past been true of the National Association of Sec­ondary School Principals.MR. PLAYE: The complaint of the school adminis­trators is a complaint they should have used againstthemselves. It's quite obvious that the situation be­comes ludicrous when they're doing nothing but ad­ministering tests. But they have the control over that.MR. STALNAKER: But they would come back withthis comment: the schools are owned by, and operatedfor, the public. When the public becomes interestedin any particular thing, it tends to require the schoolsto take part.MR. PLAYE: My answer to that is that in every fieldof endeavor you have decisions of this kind. You haveto stop and think what you're in business for in thefirst place.My son, in the fourth grade, had approximately 75hours of testing, which I calculate to be about one­seventh of the effective teaching time available to him.The school should have made some decision aboutpriorities to avoid an ugly situation.MR. STALNAKER: There is another side to this, too.The National Merit Scholarship Corporation tested700,000 high-school juniors last year on two days. Someschools objected to both dates. In every case it wasinterference with some non-educational activity thatwas being objected to-such as the girls' basketballteam' being away for two solid weeks or the band con­test. The most frequent one is an athletic contest.Another book which has come out is The Tyrannyof Testing by Banesh Hoffmann, a professor of mathe­matics at Queens College in New York. His specialtyis the mathematics of relativity and his hobby is beingvery much annoyed with the objective tests in wide­scale use. Mr. Hoffmann's views deserve somewhatmore serious consideration than those in Testing, Test­ing, Testing, but not very much.Finally, there is another book, The Search for Abili­ty, put out by the Russell Sage Foundation, a muchmore balanced book, less exciting and less dramatic,not leading to any plea for action.Another criticism is actually a fear: that tests willaffect the secondary-school curriculum. In my opinion,most school people have the false notion that theycontrol the curriculum. Actually, it is in the hands ofthe public. The vested interest groups-such as teach­ers, administrators, the National Merit ScholarshipCorporation, Science Research Associates,· and theEducational Testing Service-stand to gain if the cur­riculum is unchanged. Then the materials used todaywill be just as good tomorrow.24 In spite of the tremendous growth in the use of thesetests, we have had dramatic change in the curriculumof the secondary schools in recent years. Why? Notbecause Science Research Associates said, "We wouldlike to see emphasis on more and more languages inthe schools." It is because the public revolted againstpermissiveness in the schools and dictated more for­eign languages, more emphasis on science, and moreteaching of mathematics.MISUSE: FALSE CONCLUSIONSMR. STALNAKER: There is sound criticism of ourtests, that they lend themselves to misuse. Despitewarnings, people will use the National Merit tests asdevices for school comparisons. (This happens whenany testing agency covers a state). The Chicago paperswill say, 'We noticed that again this year the suburbs,particularly the North Shore and those to the west ofthe city, have more finalists in the National Meritprogram than does the City of Chicago."They will conclude falsely that this disparity is a val­id indicator of teaching and the quality of education.Indeed, communities can become sufficiently excitedthat superintendents are often made the focus of in­tense criticism.This overlooks a fundamental element in the outputof the school: the quality of the students that it getsin the first place. In, say, the Bronx School of Science,which draws students from throughout the New Yorkmetropolitan area by selective admission, if you teststudents after four years, they will do very well evenif they have had poor instruction. (If they have hadgood instruction, they will do even better.)Similarly, there are universities which have such ahigh selectivity of admissions that they can concealthe low quality of their instruction. They have a high­quality student body and they're bound to turn outgood people.MR. SPENCER: That's all to the east of here, isn't it,John?MR. STALNAKER: I speak of nothing local. This hasto do with the institutions on either coast-or to thenorth or south of us.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESomewhat similarly, research has suggested a holein the well known studies which imply a qualitativerating of institutions, according to which have thehighest proportion of their graduates getting doctoraldegrees. The most successful predictor we have foundis asking the students before they get to the institu­tion if they plan to get a Ph.D. The institution whichadmits the largest number planning beforehand toget a Ph.D. will have the greatest number get thedoctorate.When you do compare output with input, the resultsare amazing and, to some, so subversive that theyshould be suppressed.ADMISSIONS TESTINGMISS PERRY: It was not until just after World WarII that quite a few colleges, including our own, beganto see whether we could assess a student's ability toundertake the work of a college program.Our first examinations were devised by our ownBoard of Examinations. We administered an aptitudetest to test prospective students on their ability toreason, on their vocabulary, and in mathematicalmanipulation in the sense of logical reasoning. For anumber of years we did correlations between this testand the Scholastic Aptitude Test of the College Boardsand then finally went over to the S.A.T.Some colleges ask students' to' take a battery ofachievement tests for placement, as well as admissions.We don't use these because our own tests work betterin placing our students into our particular curriculum.You might ask why we use these tests at all, particu­larly since we make the statement-which is true-thatin considering a candidate for admission, the singlemost important criterion is the secondary school rec­ord.If we knew intimately all the high schools from whichour students come, we could get along very well with­out any entrance examinations. But every year we haveapplications from many schools we don't know, so weneed tests to assess their students' credentials.In our particular College, we need a student whohas had relatively balanced preparation. We are ex­pected to admit students who will be able to passthe required course in mathematics, for instance. Ifa student came to us with a very high score on theverbal aptitude portion of the S.A.T., but scored only250 on the mathematics part, we would have goodreason to doubt his ability to succeed in our College.We also use the English Writing Sample of the Col­lege Boards, because it helps us to know whether theapplicant can develop a line of thought with somekind of logical coherence.Tests are by no means the only way of knowingabout our applicants. We visit about 50.0 schools in allparts of the country each year. In this way we getfirst-hand knowledge about the schools themselves,as well as those prospective students who can be inter­viewed personally. But this is just a very small partof the some 24,000 high schools in the country, so westill have to use tests as an objective measure.MAY-JUNE, 1963 We do interview our students. The Admissions staffinterviews about 80.% of each year's 2,000 applicants.(Our freshman class each year is 560-:- 70.) Alumniinterview the rest. They do a tremendous job for usand we are most grateful.In the interview we try to assess the applicant'smotivation for our particular kind of college educa­tion. There isn't any test' that will tell us this. Also,the interview helps us find out whether the studentreally knows what he's getting into in applying forour College.Our entering student doesn't necessarily have to bethe most brilliant kid in the world, but he has to haveintellectual curiosity, has to have been interested inhis work, and has to be a person who looks forwardto giving of himself in some positive way.We know that he needs a certain amount of physicalvigor or he's just not going to make it. He needs acertain kind of honesty and forthrightness. He needsto be able to address himself to the task at hand.These are personal qualities. We don't know exactlywhat they should be, nor how they should stand inbalance to one another. 'We sweat blood over thesethings ·and try each year to learn a little bit more aboutthe combination of intellectual and personal qualitiesa student should have in order to succeed in ourCollege.At this moment we are very sure that none of thestudents coming in next fall will cause George Playeany trouble. He wishes we had a test to be sure thatthis was ,SO .. e,'PROOF BY EXPERIENCEMR. PLAYE: The Office of the Dean of Undergradu­ate Students has as its chief responsibility the advisingand the academic counseling of the students in theCollege. We have a large corps of advisers who workindividually with students in setting up their programsand helping them-as far as some of our "graybeardscan-in making wise educational decisions. We do usethe tests which we inherit from the Office of Admis­sions. It's on the basis of experience that we can saythat the tests are valid. Most decisions made by theOffice of Admissions are valid and work very well.It is generally true, as one example, that studentswho have verbal and mathematical ability that testedabout equally will have an easier time getting throughour College than those with great discrepancies, evenif the lower one was a fairly respectable score. Wedon't know the "why" of this, but we do know thatthis works out fairly well and often.We also know-somewhat ironically-that the stu­dent going into the sciences who is strong in his verbalability will have more chance of success than one whois weak in verbal ability.We know, too, that a student who shows up weakin our Reading Comprehension Test will need a gooddeal of counseling and help to get through school.Unfortunately," even though we can declare thetests, the judgment of the Admissions Office, and ourown experience to be valid, there are enough excep-25tions to all of these things for us to continue to workwith a good deal of trepidation and to try to find newand different guides in approaching the advising ofstudents.They still haven't found a way to test or to measureor to determine the thing that I like to describe as"being in here" -the thing that makes the person click.Even when he has mathematical ability, for instance,no present test will tell us whether or not he is goingto be a creative mathematician.MAKING CAREER CHOICESMR. PLAYE: In my personal estimation, one of ourgreat advising problems is one which we do not createhere in Chicago, but which all young men and womenface. This is the student's need to put together twothings: his career choice and his real education. Hecomes to a faculty which has very strong notions aboutwhat makes an education. In addition to this, the stu­dent has his family, his home community, and otherpressures.The student is asked-or he feels he is asked-or heasks himself-to make this career choice at a time inhis life when he feels he is making it blindly. This isthe point at which we are least protected by availabletests. (There are some available as guides; we do askstudents quite often to take some of these.)MR. SPENCER: The problems of good vocationaltesting are much more difficult than the problems ofacademic prediction. How well a person will succeedin college is really just an intermediate question. Weare assuming that if he does well in college, he willdo well in later life. This by no means necessarily fol­lows.The criterion, instead of being single, now becomesvery complex. What is success? Is it the amount ofmoney you make? Is it whether you get to be a fullprofessor, whether you get to be a minister who canfill the church every Sunday, or what? Also involvedare the problems that George was talking about"The entirebattery wasnot as goodas onequestion."26 earlier: the creativity, diligence, and self-disciplinewhich will strongly affect success.We've had some success and some failures in voca­tional testing. I'll never forget our experience with anArmy test to identify potential radio repairmen. Wedeveloped an elaborate battery; then we cross-vali­dated it with some of the kids who went to radiorepairmen's school. We came up with the awkwardanswer that the entire battery was not as good as onequestion: "Would you like to be a radio repairman?"There are hundreds of these tests involving suchthings as manual dexterity, spelling, the ability to readblueprints, etc. When you're talking about a relativelylow level job, this sort of test has a great deal ofutility.MR. STALNAKER: We are convinced that the voca­tional choice is rooted 'way back and is a fundamentalpart of personality development. The other thing wefind is that the more talented individuals-the peoplethat become managers, scholars, executives-can adaptthemselves to a greater variety of situations than otherscan.MR. SPENCER: It's remarkable how few kids haveany distinct idea of what they want to do. Part of theproblem is that our society is becoming so complexthat a child simply doesn't become exposed to thissort of thing. How does he learn what a physicist does?We don't know nearly enough about this area; muchof our work along these lines is very poor. Neverthe­less, vocational interests begin to stabilize around theage of fifteen or sixteen and they remain remarkablystable from that time on.MR. STALNAKER: Most of our testing has been di­rected toward the classroom situation, where excel­lence, by and large, means speed and receptivity tolearning in the classroom situation-a highly structuredand highly artificial condition.When we try to predict outside the classroom, weHounder unless we are dealing with very structured,narrow situations. A pegboard situation where you arehiring girls to put together radio sets-this is mag­nificent. But a youngster who says, "What should Ido?"-this is a very real, human situation, but it isn'thighly structured and it is infinitely more complicatedthan these other ones.NATIONAL MERIT PROGRAMMR. SPENCER: We can make these questions tangibleby describing the National Merit Scholarship Corpora­tion, which John directs. It was started in 1955 on aFord Foundation grant because of studies which indi­cated that about half of the brightest kids coming upthrough our school system were not going on to col­lege. There has been some evidence since to suggestthat this probably never was true. Nevertheless, theprogram has had astonishing and worthwhile effects.This past year, N.M.S. tested over 700,000 highschool juniors on two days in over 16,500 high schools.These tests become almost a census of the talent ofthe next generation.MR. STALNAKER: Some feel that the people uncov-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEered in such a testing process are largely those thatpeople would know about anyhow. Actually, the pro­gram does promote a degree of social mobility. Oneof the recent winners' father was a baker; another's,a bartender; a bookbinder, a brewery worker, carpen­ter, cook, always quite a number of postal employees,painters, and so on.A main purpose of the program has been emphasiz­ing to the community the presence of its very ableyoung people. Relatively little publicity goes to schoolsfor their main business, the development of the mind.The device we use is a contest with some fanfareand dramatics to it. The Merit tests secure an unbe­lievable amount of publicity for students of intellectualtalent. In Louisville, for example, a newspaper eachyear invites the winners and their parents to dinnerand then takes them down to a TV studio, where theytape an hour-long program about these youngsters andtheir activities.By and large, whatever you recognize and encour­age tends to be developed.National Merit administers both Ford Foundation­supported scholarships and ones created by othersponsors. Of the 1,550 scholars this year, about 1,000of them were sponsored by more than 175 corpora­tions and other organizations.Among these 1,550, we select (with Ford Founda­tion money) about 550 individuals. Of these, most aregranted on the usual criteria; 100 are in experimentalcategories. These last depart in some way from theso-called well rounded individual. We tried, for in­stance, to choose some creative people. These are stu­dents who have done something independently of theschool, such as having their paintings chosen for exhi­bition, their musical compositions performed, theirscientific studies or literary efforts published. Scholarsselected in any of the special categories are not toldwhy they were chosen.We also selected a few who showed unusual abilityin some one field but comparative lack of ability inothers-relatively "one-sided" individuals.A fourth category is unusually needy students, eitherfinancially or because of other handicaps.We will commit about $2,500,000 ourselves this yearfrom the funds provided by the Ford Foundationcorpus. Other sponsors will provide awards totaling$4,000,000 on top of this.In the selection process, we start with test scores toobtain a pool of some 11,000 finalists. Then we get bio­graphical information from these students and otherinformation from the schools.A selection committee then meets and goes overthese 11,000 records. In selecting National Meritscholars, each state is considered separately, sincethese awards are allocated by states. There are nostate allocations of sponsored awards.In selecting the exceptional cases-not the generalNational Merit scholars, where the choices of the selec­tion committee are final-our research people exercisethe right to overrule the selection committee. I mightsay that our research people have a tendency to up-MAY-JUNE, 1963 grade individuals who have shown some intellectualindependence, regardless of the school's opinion.QUESTION: Have you gone into the use of any specialtest to determine creativity?MR. STALNAKER: No, not at this time. The reason istwo-fold: the lack of dependability of tests of this kindand the magnitude of our testing operation.QUESTION: Is there any organized program to extendtesting to a lower level, say to the problem of drop-outsfrom secondary schools?MR. STALNAKER: I know of none. Sustaining interestin a program is hard when there is a great time lapsebetween the time of selection and some practical con­sequence. For instance, if you select pupils for collegeat the ninth grade level, you have a long lapse of timebefore you have a visible result.On the other hand, the drop-out problem must beattacked before the eleventh or twelfth grade levelsif you are going to do anything effective about it. Thenit is too late.MR. SPENCER: At the same time, the techniques are"It's goingto takemore thanthat."available. You can today select kids for college successalmost as well at the ninth grade level as later on.MR. STALNAKER: But even when you can select thesepeople at any early stage, the problem then is to coun­teract the influences which are discouraging them fromgoing on. Selection is a relatively easy thing to do.But once you select them, what are you going to doabout them?MR. PLAYE: Mr. Stalnaker has put his finger on thereal problem: it's going to take more than that. We willhave to do some real ground work with some of thesestudents who otherwise will be diverted from collegedespite the fact that they will have the financialresources.QUESTION: You said that while it was one of theoriginal goals of the Merit program to identify talentedstudents who would not otherwise go to college, thatthis had not really been achieved. Why is this so? Howdo you know?MR. STALNAKER: The finalists comprise the highlymotivated, academically oriented group that is goingon to college anyway. This is the part of life to which27they respond in a maximum way. These people aregoing to become research scientists, teachers, scholars-much more that they are going to become doers.So they do go to college; but you frequently shiftthe college that a person attends. That's the effect ofmost scholarship money today.MR. SPENCER: We have known for a long time thatcollege attendance is one of the best ways of keepingthe social mobility structure open in our society. It'sthe kids from a deprived background who will not goto college unless they get some special help.One of the puzzling things about these scholarshipprograms is that the ones you want to help most arenot the best-they are the next-best. But you can't givescholarships to the next-best when you don't give themto the best!MR. STALNAKER: Still, we do have in the Merit pro­gram a great many kids who would not get to collegewithout this money. We are publishing this year abooklet for the colleges with lists of those among theNational Merit finalists who say they cannot get tocollege without some help.COLLEGE PRESTIGEMR. STALNAKER: The Merit program includes a gooddeal of research on the characteristics of able students,their choices of college, the characteristics of colleges,and the results when certain types of students go tocertain types of institutions.We got into this because we found that the Meritscholars want to go to relatively few institutions. Thescholars themselves are spread across the country,so you might expect that the colleges they choosewould also be spread. Instead, their interest is veryconcentrated.We asked the 35,000 highest-scoring students a verysimple question: "Where do you. want to go to col­lege?" We were astounded by the results. Ten collegesattracted 32% of the men. Almost 10% of them wantto go to Harvard, and almost the same percentage tothe Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Each ofthese drew about twice as many as the next in line,which was Stanford; then California Institute of Tech­nology, Yale, University of California at Berkeley, Cor­nell, Princeton, Columbia, and Rice. The Universityof Chicago, you'll be interested to know, ranked 25thamong the men. 'With girls, the pattern was similar: the top teninstitutions covered about 21 %. These were Stanford,Radcliffe, Cornell, Wellesley, University of Californiaat Berkeley, University of Michigan, Duke, Smith,Barnard, and Oberlin. The University of Chicagocomes .' 24th.Why do we have this? Well, in this country we tendto pick idols. We tend to pick an Elizabeth Taylor, ora Mickey Mantle. We do the same thing, apparently,with colleges.So then we asked the parents of students what col­lege or university in the United States they consider28 to be the best. About 18% of them said Harvard andabout 8% said M.LT. Then, jumping down to less thanhalf of that, come Princeton, Yale, Stanford and so on;about twelfth comes The University of Chicago.Most of these institutions which seem to be so veryattractive have distinguished graduate schools. Thereare some exceptions, however. Fairly high on theselists are Swarthmore and Reed, which have no grad­uate schools.Why do people choose these institutions? They givethe most acceptable reasons: distinction in scholarship,distinction in intellectual opportunities. They give theorthodox answers.EFFECT OF COLLEGESMR. STALNAKER: Now we are checking on the meas­urable effects of different college environments on thestudents. These problems present great difficulties inexperiment design and yield results that are not neatand precise at all.The institutions that rate the highest in prestigeselect a student body already high in its attainmentbefore it gets to the institution. The University ofChicago, for example, is now getting a student bodythat is very high in a series of these indexes. What wasnot said here, and what is not usually talked about, isthat you would probably find that they're 'way highin their economic background. Certainly if you willtake Princeton, Yale, or Harvard, you will find thatthe entering class (bear in mind always that I'm talk­ing about averages here, not individuals) would comefrom a very privileged class of people: very high eco­nomic group, very good background, very good moti­vation, very academically oriented. No matter whatthe institution does to them, they are going to be goodin an academic way.COMMENT FROM THE AUDIENCE: It's interesting tofind out that a college can't do much harm.MR. STALNAKER: The harm that a college can do, sofar as we can tell, is minimal.There are many reasons why this is true. One of thesharp critics of the Merit program wrote an enticingarticle called "Talent and Toilets." He said that weselect on the number of toilets in the home. If you goto homes that do not have any running water and haveonly outside toilets, the proportion that you wouldselect from such a group is very, very small. But in agroup that has three toilets in the home and runningwater, hot and cold, you'll findthe proportion selectedis high. Well, why not? One of the ways you use intelli­gence is to avoid having an outside toilet.Our problem is to maintain mobility in our society-to keep the doors open, so that we will get morepeople filtering in to these selective institutions andmore being developed by them.Thus far the attention of the public has been di­rected primarily at the quality of education in thesecondary and primary schools. It is going to movenow in the direction of colleges with the question,"what are you doing for these able kids?"THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEGEORGE W. BEADLEBiological and Cultural EvolutionIn my several years of listening to convocation ad­dresses-as a student and as a faculty member- I neverhave ceased to wonder why they always seemed sodifficult to give-why the ablest and most experiencedpublic speakers so often fail to carry the day. Aftertrying a few myself, I believe I have discovered theanswer.First, they are regarded as important occasions onwhich something of great significance should be said-as indeed they quite properly should be. At the sametime, one soon finds that almost anything one can sayand should say has been said-and many times over,as far back as Confucius and the classical Greekphilosophers.I propose today to make a few observations on thesignificance of diversity-in the development and evo­lution of man, both biologically and culturally.What we are depends on many factors. They can bebroadly categorized as those involving:1. Biological inheritance.2. Biological development, as influenced bynutrition, disease, physio-chemicalenvironment, etc.3. Cultural factors, among them:Inheritance of cultural patterns frompast generations and from contemporaries,including parents, and self-generatedcultural development.In our biological inheritance and development weare not markedly different from other species ofTaken from the President s Convocation addresses inRockefeller Chapel, June 7-8, 1963.MAY-JUNE, 1963 animals. But in the cultural counterparts of biologicalinheritance we are truly unique, for no other specieson earth has evolved more than the barest beginningsof a culture like that of our total human culture.The information that is biological inheritance dif­fers from that which is cultural in a number of im­portant respects. Biological inheritance comes to usexclusively from our two parents, through egg andsperm cells. We' know a great deal about the molecu­lar code in which much of the inheritance is carried.For example, a geneticist can now come pretty closeto telling you the precise arrangement of the somefifty thousand carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen andphosphorus atoms that specify exactly how a humanhemoglobin molecule is constructed. Furthermore, hecan tell you just how this arrangement is modified inindividuals who suffer from the hereditary disease,sickle cell anemia.Our knowledge of cultural information is much morelimited. We know that we acquire it through oursenses from our parents, from brothers and sisters,from playmates, from teachers, from a host of othersof our fellow men, as well as directly from our envi­ronments. We know the greatest part of it is stored inour brains in a rearrangeable and retrievable form.But how it is stored we have no idea-whether insome type of molecular code, some type of preferrednerve-cell pathway, or elsewise. What we do knowfor sure is that it is tremendously important in deter­mining what we are, what we think, and what we do.Each of us in this chapel is unique in both biologicalinheritance and cultural experience. Each has a specialset of genetic specifications-except for those withidentical twin or triplet siblings. Each has had a specialset of past experiences and each will have a distinctivefuture. Collectively, we are a small sample of the tre­mendous diversity represented in the total three billion2�or so persons that make up the human species.What is the significance of this diversity? Both typesof it, genetic and cultural, have been, are, and willcontinue to be essential for the totality of humanevolution.I believe it is justified to make the generalization,other factors being equal, that, the opportunities forman's future evolution of both kinds will bear somekind of a positive relation to the extent of the twokinds of diversity, for it is well known that such diver­sity is basic to all evolution.First consider genetic diversity. Members of ourspecies, Homo sapiens are often classified by anthro­pologists as belonging to several races or subspecies,sometimes several dozen, usually fewer. For example,Carleton S. Coon, in his recent book, The Origin ofRaces, recognizes five, which he designates as Austra­loids, Capoids (Bushmen and Hottentots), Caucasoids,Congoids (including African Negroes), and Mongo­loids. One might argue about the objectivity and sci­entific basis of this and many do, but for our purposeshere this is not of primary importance.What is important, because of its implications, isthe hypothesis of Coon that all five subspecies evolvedindependently from five subspecies of the ancestralspecies Homo erectus, upright man, and that Cauca­soid man made the transition some 250 thousand yearsago, where Congoid man did so some 200 thousandyears later. The implication, unfortunately seized onby racists, is that Congoid man, having reached thesapiens stage of evolution so much later, thereforemust be inferior in some way.One cannot conclusively disprove Coon's hypothe­sis, but the evidence for it is not only weak logicallybut also there are good positive reasons for believingit to be quite incorrect. For those of you who haveread or may in the future read Coon's book, I stronglyrecommend that you also read Dobzhansky's reviewof it in the February, 1963 issue of the Scientific Ameri­can. It is well worth reading even if you have not readCoon.I want to say that to a geneticist the words inferiorand superior may have many definitions, most of whichare meaningless unless both the genetic and environ­mental contexts are specified. The dinosaurs were su­perior in one biological and environmental contextbut not in another. So, it seems, was Neanderthal manin the absence and presence of modern man.However one may classify them, the races of manare clearly and significantly different statistically inmany characteristics subject to definition and measure­ment, such as height, skin color, hair form, facial fea­tures, head shape, among others. They no doubt alsodiffer in many characteristics more subtle in natureand more difficult to measure. But when it comes tocapacity for cultural adaptation and evolution, whichclearly depends on biological inheritance, I know ofno convincing evidence that inherent differences exist.Such evidence is extremely difficult, but perhaps notimpossible, to obtain,' for no one now knows how to30 measure such capacity. Furthermore, no one has yetdevised tests in which all previous cultural experiencehas been statistically cancelled out. Please note wellthat I do not say there are no such differences but onlythat they have not been conclusively demonstrated.In our present state of knowledge, therefore, I seeno justification whatever for speaking of superior orinferior races of man. In any event, we must ask, su­perior or inferior for what? I suggest that, in view ofthese severe limitations in our knowledge of man'sbiological nature, our best bet is to preserve maximumgenetic diversity. I believe this for the simple reasonthat so doing will provide maximum Hexibility forfuture biological evolution.How do we go about it? First, consider factors thatreduce genetic diversity. Clearly, decimation or elimi­nation of populations by conquest or competition fornatural resources does this. The Tasmanians and manyAmerican Indian tribes are examples of groups thathave been greatly reduced in numbers or entirelyeliminated. Hitler's policy toward the Jews is a morerecent horrible example of a deliberate attempt toreduce both genetic and cultural diversity.A differential in net reproductive rates is anothereffective factor in reducing genetic diversity. Somepopulations are now maintaining themselves at anapproximately constant level. Others are increasing,with a doubling time of a single generation. Given tengenerations-three hundred years-of such differentialreproduction, and the second population will outnum­ber the first by one thousand to one, assuming the twostarted with equal numbers.Obviously, one positive step toward maintainingpresent diversity is the avoidance of wars that differ­entially eliminate or reduce racial groups. A second issomehow to maintain populations in some kind ofnumerical balance. Please don't ask me how, for I donot know. But I am convinced that failure to achievesome control of population growth in a qualitative aswell as over-all quantitative sense, can and surely willlead to reduction in genetic diversity.Without in any way suggesting or even implyingthat I pass judgment on its desirability or undesir­ability, I give an example of genetic diversity inanother way. Anthropologists, some of them at anyrate, believe the natives of the Hawaiian Islands werea genetic intermixture of Caucasoids, Mongoloids andAustraloids-perhaps others too.It is an interesting observation that subsequent mi­grations to these islands have consisted of peoples ofsimilar origins and perhaps in somewhere near theproportions that gave rise to the Polynesians. PerhapsN eopolynesians will be the final result. One can ask,is that desirable or undesirable? I do not know theanswer.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINELet me now tum briefly to cultural evolution. I be­lieve arguments similar to those for biological diversitymay be valid in favor of maximum cultural diversity.If so, it is important that we both avoid reducing cul­tural diversity, and even take positive steps to main­tain it. In the evolution of language, are we perhapsfollowing the Polynesian method-that is, movingslowly toward one world language that incorporatesfeatures of many? It is not my field. I do not know.But I do favor doing all we can to record and pre­serve all those languages and literatures that still exist,even though they may subsequently fall into disuse.I understand that we have already lost perhaps athird or more of an estimated two thousand mutuallyincomprehensible North and South American Indianlanguages. Surely this is a significant loss to man' stotal culture.I hesitate to comment on religions as a componentof human culture, except to say that I am' far fromsure that my own chosen road to salvation is the onlyone that leads all the way-or is even the smoothestand the shortest. Religions have gone through a longevolutionary process and they undoubtedly will con­tinue to do so in the future.Government I leave to the political scientists, theeconomists, to Harvard and to George Stigler.I do want to say something about education, for itis a force of the greatest importance in perpetuatingand advancing human culture. Within the segment ofthe Caucasoid culture in which most of us find our­selves, there are educational forces that favor diversityand others that tend to reduce it. It is a popular belief,not often expressed in the terms that I use, that thelatter are desirable-that - uniformity and commonnessof educational experience are good. I suggest that un­critical acceptance of this assumption might constitutea significant long-term danger.Speaking now of higher education, if its history inthe Western W orId teaches us anything, it surelyteaches that there are many roads to success. Many aninstitution, beginning with the Italian, French andEnglish universities, has been convinced that it hasfound . the ideal formula, That this is an illusion isattested by the obvious success of many systems.Conservative tendencies in evolution, both biologicaland cultural, have a proper place, for they are counter­balances against too rapid change. Strangely enough,despite the fact that they profess to believe in theopen mind, experimentation, and the search for con­stant improvement, educators and their institutions areoften such a counter force against change.It is said that Oxford and Cambridge have kept pacewith the times only as a result of periodic insistentprodding and intervention by Royal Commissions. Irepeatedly hear at Chicago, a university that pridesitself on flexibility and liberality, in response to a ques­tion, "Why do we do so and so?" the allegedly com­plete and final answer, "Why we have always doneit that way." My protest that that was not an answerMAY-JUNE, 1963 to the question I asked seems invariably to fall onunhearing ears.I am glad to report that we do now see signs ofeducational evolution in the College and even in theDepartments and Divisions.Students, too, I point out, are conservative. At Chi­cago they protested the change to the so-calledHutchins College, they screamed when it was modi­fied to the Kimpton-Simpson College-and I predictthey will scream again when we propose that it befurther modified. They protested when big-time foot­ball was abolished. And now they scream bloodymurder in response to every rumor of change, eventhe addition of little-time football purely for fun.Education is our best hope in improving man's stateon earth. We can change our biological inheritance,but no one knows in what direction the change shouldbe, or, if that answer were provided, just how in prac­tice to go about it. In any case, the process would belikely to be exceedingly slow.Cultural characteristics, in contrast, are much moresusceptible to change by socially acceptable methods,and can be brought about much more rapidly than canbiological change. Knowledge, understanding and acertain degree of wisdom can be transmitted throughour educational efforts. It is increasingly clear thatwe must often start the process earlier in the life ofthe individual than is now customary. And we mustmake the best possible education equally available toall segments of the population under the most favor­able circ"?IIl:�.tances we can create.Those of you who are receiving degrees today havediverse backgrounds, took diverse programs at theUniversity, and will have diverse futures.Many of you will go into educational work, now orafter further graduate work. The opportunities to im­prove man's cultural future in this way have neverbeen better. Some will join the Peace Corps. Againyour opportunities for good work are bright, not tospeak of the adventure of observing cultures unlikeour own. Others of you will serve our government­it is hoped to improve it. Some will enter the creativearts, perhaps with only modest prospects for largerewards in worldly goods.Finally, some will enter the professions or business,with better-than-average prospects for accumulatingwealth beyond reasonable needs.All of you, wherever you go and whatever you do,have our best wishes. Do not forget your alma mater,especially you who end up in my final category. Thinkwell of the University and do not judge her harshlyby the acts or views of a few. Remember a great uni­versity is far greater than any single person, be hefaculty member, dean, provost, president, or chairmanof the board; any contingent of the student body; anyview of the Maroon; any speaker on campus; anysingle act; or any single time in its history.Good luck to all of you.31Of course, you don't destroy a good thing unlessyou've got a better one. This agent has. So haveNew England Life agents everywhere. It's a brand­new New England Life contract with many majorimprovements.Over the years we've told you about the careersof so many of our agents that it seems appropriateto share news of this new development with you.It isn't every day an agent happily tears up his contract. Or a new one like this comes along. Partic­ularly, as in this case, on the heels of a broad liberal­ization in the agents' medical and retirement plans.If you have ever thought about a career in lifeinsurance-or if you're starting to think a littleabout it now-why not take that necessary pre­liminary step and write for more information.Address John Barker, Jr., New England Life, 501Boylston Street, Boston 17, Massachusetts.Everywhere, New England Life agents are tearing up their contractsNEW ENGLAND LIFENEW ENGLAND MUTUAL urs INSURANCE COMPANY: INDIVIDUAL AND CROUPlirE INSURANCE, ANNUITIES AND P£HSIONS, CROUP HEALTH COVERAGES.These University of Chkago men are New England Life representatives:GEORGE MARSE LOS, '34, ChicagoROBERT P. SAALBACH, '39, Omaha JOHN R. DOWNS, C.L.U., '46, ChicagoHERBERT W. SIEGAL, '46, San AntonioConstance Mathieu (Claudine) wields the paddle overBert Glick (Lubin)."By all the vows that ever men havebroke ... "s-loe Ford and JeanneKurlander declaim by Botany Pond.MAY-JUNE, 1963 Theatre• theInCourtWhen summer comes, the Quadrangles are half­depopulated; but Shakespeare comes to HutchinsonCourt, which thereupon enjoys its busiest season ofthe year.The fountain covering which serves for the Singstays in place, becoming a stage for evening summertheatre performances, both modern and classical.This year's Court Theatre bill started with A Mid­summer Night's Dream. The thespians-drawn fromthe student body, faculty families, and the neighbor­hood-were rehearsing for the opener when these pic­tures were taken."The Rustles" cavort: from left, Russell Bruzek (Robin), Rodney Phillips(Tom Snout, the tinker), Vince Landro (Frances Flute, the bellows mender),and Marshall Richey (Peter Quince, a carpenter).33"We come, we come, we come with a shout and song" -Alpha Delta Phi starts the competition among active chaptersfor quality and quantity cups at the 53rd Interfraternity Sing. Winner, nine such marches later: Phi Gamma Delta.June Reunion, 196334 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe meteorological magic of JuneReunion proved itself once more in'63, and in the face of disbelief atthat.A long chance was being taken.The noon luncheon on Saturday,June 8, had been scheduled out-of­doors in Hutchinson Court in agambling effort to outwit space andtent problems.The 6:00 and 7:00 a.m. forecastswere favorable. When it began torain at 8:45, however, a hurriedcheck found revised prognostica­tions now calling for rain along thelake shore between 11:00 and 1:00-the luncheon period.Stand-by plans for an indoorluncheon in Commons were elected.Up went the signs of announce­ment; in came the tables and ca­terer's men.The sun, of course, shone sweetlyfrom 10:00 on. The skies stayedclear until late that evening, about45 minutes after the Mitchell Towerchimes had tolled the Alma Materto end the Interfraternity Sing.It never rains on Reunion-not,at least, when it counts.It is a time, too, for the Univer­sity to take pride in the attainmentsof its alumni. Heading this year'slist was the first alumnus to wearfour military stars, Gen. John K.Gerhart, '28, the luncheon speakeron Saturday and a 1963 winner ofthe Alumni Medal. Gen. Gerhartcommands the joint U.S.-CanadaNorth American Air Defense Com­mand.Three men joined him in receiv­ing the Medal. Dr. Walter L. Pal­mer, '18, MS'19, MD (Rush) '21,PhD'26, is Richard T. Crane, Pro­fessor Emeritus of Medicine at theUniversity and probably the world'sleading authority in gastroentero­logical medicine.Thomas C. Poulter, PhD'33, re­cently retired scientific administra­tor at the Stanford Research Insti­tute, holds more than 70 patents,has received two Congressionalgold medals honoring him forAntarctic explorations, and is aranking scholar in high-pressurephenomena.MAY-JUNE, 1963 Top Four-star General John K.Gerhart, '28, receives the AlumniMedal from Alumni AssociationPresident John F. Dille, Jr.MIDDLE Fifty-year celebrants ofthe Class of '13 are, from left, Dr.Leon Unger, Mary Ann WhiteleyKennicott, Kent Chandler, JosephD. Oliver, Roy F. Sherman, Mrs.Harry L. Huber, Dr. Harry L.Huber.BOTTOM The 1913 reunion co­chairmen become Emeritus Clubmembers as Lawrence H. Whiting,'13, hands certificate to ChesterBell, '13.35RIGHT Alumni Medals are pre­sented by Alumni Association Pres­ident John F. Dille, Jr. Includingthe four given this year, only 42alumni have been so honored sincethe Medals were instituted in 1941.Receiving their Medals are: top,Thomas C. Poulter, PhD'33; mid­dle, Dr. Walter L. Palmer, '18, SM'19, MD (Rush) '21, PhD'26; lowerpicture, The H on. Walter V. Schae­fer, '26, JD'28.BELOW The 1963 Medalists andwinners of the Alumni Citation forvoluntary public service are pic­tured on the steps of RosenwaldHall.(From left) Front row: LillianHerstein, AM'24; Mr. Poulter; Dr.Palmer; Gen. John K. Gerhart, '28;Justice Schaefer; Mae OberfelderSpiegel, '07.Second row: Katherine FieldWhite Hotchkiss, '16; Ruth HorlickNeukom, '36; Dr. Owen C. Berg,'36, MD'41; Aaron Brown, PhD'43;Catherine Pittman Watkins, '37;Carl S. Stanley, '40; Glenn Harding,'21; Stuart W. Cochran, '20.Back row: Alumni FoundationChairman C. E. McKittrick, '20;Ross R. Rice, AM'49, PhD'56; Rob­ert L. Farwell, JD'49; The Hon.Samuel B. Epstein, '13, JD'15; Mr.Dille; Thomas R. Mulroy, '26, JD'28; George H. Watkins, '36.36 Walter V. Schaefer, '26, JD'28,is a justice of the Supreme Courtof Illinois, on which bench he hasserved since 1951. He chaired theIllinois "Little Hoover" Commis­sion, and is considered among thenation's ten leading jurists.Honored by the School of Medi­cine Alumni Association at its an­nual dinner June 6 was Dr. FrancesOldham Kelsey, PhD'38, MD'50,the center of international publicityin 1962 for her role in preventingthe issue of thalidomide in theUnited States.Alumni Citations for voluntarypublic service were conferred on18 alumni. Honored (with theirfields of service briefly identified)were:Owen C. Berg, '36, MD'41, Wich­ita Falls, Tex., safety and medicallegislations, local parks, communitycultural organizations.Lloyd A. Bimson, '41, Scottsdale,Ariz.; school board, United Fund,and Goodwill presidencies.Aaron Brown, PhD'43, New York,N. Y.; New York City Board ofEducation, civil rights, education.Stuart W. Cochran, '20, Oak Park;village and Community Chest pres­idencies, long Red Cross service.The Hon. Samuel B. Epstein, '13,JD'15, Chicago; hospital and Jewishcharity trusteeships, won Illinois1962 Intellectual Freedom Award.Robert L. Farwell, JD'49, Chi­cago; founded Mental Health So­ciety of Greater Chicago, schooltrustee.Robert E. Fitzgerald, '41, MD'43,Vancouver, Wash.; services for theblind, recreational sports, winner in1962 of Silver Anniversary All­American Award.M. Glenn Harding, '21, Balti­more, Md.; ecumenical religiousorganizations, race relations, inter­national technical assistance.Lillian Herstein, AM'24, Chicago;labor movement, civil liberties,teaching, one of five women re­cently honored by U. S. Depart­ment of Labor.Katherine Field White Hotchkiss,'16, Redlands, Calif.; numerouscommunity organizations, was 1962"Woman of the Year" in Redlands.Wilma Anderson Kerby-Miller,AM'28, PhD'38, Cambridge, Mass.;THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEFrom J. G.Many an alumnus returns; fewcome laden as did Jiuji GeorgeKasai, '13.Mr. Kasai entered on a diplomat­ic and political career when he re­turned to Japan in 1915 after com­pleting his education in America.He served in the Diet and repre­sented his country in capitalsaround the world. He was in Amer­ica in the latter part of 1941 andspoke passionately for peace; forthis, he was jailed by the wartimeJapanese government.MAY-JUNE, 1963 Kasai, '13 a Gift,Lincoln has been among his life­long interests since his student daysin Illinois.As Mr. Kasai's fiftieth reuniondrew near, he planned not only tocome, but to bring something forthe University. His choice: this por­trait of Lincoln, shown immediatelyafter Mr. Kaisai unveiled it forpresentation to President GeorgeW. Beadle.Executed by Shinsui Igarashi onsilk lined with gold leaf, the por­trait was commissioned by Kasai,37education, counseling, trustee ofthree colleges.Thomas R. Mulroy, '26, }D'28,Winnetka; many civic-organizationpresidencies, currently ChicagoCrime Commission president.Ruth Horlick Neukom, '36, SanMateo, Calif.; church, P-TA, area­wide family services agencies.Ross R. Rice, AM'49, PhD'56,Tempe, Ariz.; local political reform,was mayor while a university politi­cal science professor.Mae Oberfelder Spiegel, '07, Chi­cago; numerous trusteeships andchairmanships in hospitals and re-UPPER LEFT President George W. Beadle greets alum­ni guests at the Saturday presidential reception.CENTER The U of C being relatively young as uni­versities go, three-generation families are rare; butthese alumni arranged matters to a still finer point ofrarity by having their reunions occur in the same year.From left are Harriet Wilkes Merriam, '08, widow ofthe long-time U of C track coach, Ned Merriam, '09;their daughter, Natalie Merriam Johnson, '33; and herson, Keith Johnson, '58.Even though semi-warned byslyly worded publicity, these alum­ni attending a seminar called "TheMaking of a Criminal" clearly hadnot expected a manacled convicton the panel.As it turned out, the convict wasan imposter. He was really FrankMorrissy of the Illinois Bureau ofVocational Rehabilitation, speakingthe underworld jargon he hearsdaily from the job-seeking parolees'with whom he works.No less expert was his fellowpanelist, The Rev. James Jones, di­rector of St. Leonard's House inChicago. Widely admired for hisdown-to-earth management of arenowned "half-way house" fornewly released prisoners, FatherJones described the sources of crim­inal behavior with wit and candor.Moderating was Harold W. Solo­mon, associate professor of criminallaw in the U of C Law School, him­self well known as a scholar in thefield.Both the handcuffs and the Chi­cago police officer who escorted Mr.Morrissy to the Center for Continu­ing Education were, however, real.38 There was some dismay .. •THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINElated organizations.Carl S. Stanley, '40, Kenilworth;village treasurer and trustee, BoyScouts, YMCA, U of C service.George H. Watkins, '36, Chicago;University and community organi­zations, Army citizen committees.Catherine Pittman Watkins, '37,Chicago; life trustee of Lying-InHospital, church, U of C service.Besides paying honor to theseexemplary alumni and hearing Gen.Gerhart, those attending the lunch­eon had a report from C. E. McKit­trick, '20, on the 22nd Alumni Gift.Mr. McKittrick, completing his sec­ond year as national chairman ofthe Alumni Foundation, thankedthe 1600 alumni helping in thecurrent appeal and announced totalalumni giving (exclusive of be­quests) of just over a million dol­lars, with three weeks to go. (Thefinal total: $1,191,318 plus bequests.)Alumni in the communicationsmedia, holding their seventh annual dinner in association with JuneHeunion, conferred honors also. To"Cissie" Liebshutz Peltz, '46, wentthe "Communicator of the Year"award. Cissie's cartoons of Univer­sity life were a bright feature inMaroons of the middle Forties, andhave enlivened our pages from timeto time as well. The award, how­ever, recognized her attainment asa widely published cartoonist innational magazines.The communicators snuck in aspecial award to our associate inthe Magazine, William V. Morgen­stern, '20, JD'22.Addressing the Communicationsdinner was a one-time U of Calumni secretary who went on tofashion a distinguished journalisticcareer, Harry A. Hansen, '09. Noweditor of the World Almanac, hewas literary editor of the New YorkWorld- Telegram.Those attending the 65th annualdinner of the School of BusinessAlumni Association had a preview,without anyone's knowing it, of the• • • when the handcuffs clickedMAY-JUNE, 1963 next chairman of the U of C's Boardof Trustees. Fairfax M. Cone, chair­man of the advertising firm ofFoote, Cone, and Belding, waselected to the University boardchairmanship a week and a halfafter addressing Business alumni onJune 7. (See story, p. 21.)Heturnees had a calendar wellfilled with seminars, lectures, openhouses, films, and other eventsmeant to convey painlessly the factsof today's University. Two majorseminars, both located in the hand­some new facilities of the Centerfor Continuing Education, are re­ported elsewhere-"The Making ofa Criminal" on this and the preced­ing page (below, left) and "Testingthe Tests" on pp. 23-28.Lectures by Professors Benson E.Ginsburg and Philip M. Hauserwere well attended. Mr. Ginsburgincluded both a description of hisresearch in behavioral genetics anddiscussion about new teachingmethods in the biology section ofthe College, which he heads. Hisresearch has a picturesque, if acci­dental, side: in studying the be­havior of wolves he has found theminherently less vicious, and moretractable, than dogs. This has beenso thoroughly demonstrated that henow permits his children to enterthe wolves' cages.Trustee John Nuvcen, '18, chairedMr. Hauser's lecture, "The Popula­tion Dilemma." With governmentsand UN agencies now appreciatingthe impact of population growthand beginning to act in waysundreamed of in past generations,the issues encompassed by Mr.Hauser's field have rather suddenlybecome questions of widespreadpublic concern.The 53rd annual InterfraternitySing, long the climax of a JuneReunion, had a tradition-breakingresult: a double winner. Phi GammaDelta, which has traded off withBeta Theta Pi for the quality cupin alternate years of late (since thesame house cannot win the samecup two years running), not onlyretired that trophy but took a legon the quantity cup as well.On the previous evening, therains had come but no one was39bothered, for the center of attrac­tion was the Faculty Revels per­formance in Mandel.Robert Pollak, '24, and AssociateProfessor Robert L. Ashenhurst hadpooled their ink and re-wroughtGilbert and Sullivan's "Patience" in­to "Impatience-or, True to Type."First produced in March, the showwas brought back to the stage foran alumni performance at Reunion.Kenneth Northcott, an associateprofessor of German in real life,and Mrs. Robert G. Page were di­rector and producer, respectively.Acclaim for the June performance,like that in March, was unanimous.President and Mrs. George W.Beadle entertained alumni at thepopular President's Reception onSaturday afternoon, but this wasonly one stop in a busy presidentialschedule. On the previous evening,Mr. Beadle had joined the 50-yearcelebrants to be sworn in as an hon­orary member of the Class of '13,and to receive the gift of J. G.Kasai brought from Tokyo (see p. 37). The President then sprintedacross University Avenue during acloudburst to take his role in thesecond act of Revels. And so itwent.All of this notwithstanding, thereal business of Reunion is re­unions. These there were for elevenclasses, led off by seven returningmembers of 1903, whose dinner wasarranged by Dr. Charles H. Swift.Charles P. Schwartz, '08, plannedmatters for the 55th reunion of hisclassmates, who met for breakfastin the Quadrangle Club (picturedat top of next page). Mr. Schwartzhad a busy morning, for the Emer­itus Club reception shortly to fol­low was also under his chairman­ship. The affair for those fifty ormore years graduated was attendedby more than a hundred alumni.Renslow P. Sherer, '09, was electedchairman to succeed Mr. Schwartz.Duly added to the alumni emeritiwas the Class of '13, which hadThe beginnings of the alumni­varsity baseball game are doubtlessshrouded in ill-recorded history,but the status of Pat Page, '10, isperfectly clear: he practically isthe history of this durable tradition.Actually the game is far morethan a diamond contest. Held each,Thursday before Reunion, it's thestart of a leisurely afternoon-and­evening conclave of the men whowon the "C" under the Grand OldMan and his successors.The game is something of a sym­bol of days gone by. When Patascends the mound and HaydenWingate, '31, leaves his advertis­ing manager's desk to crouch be­hind the plate, the mind somehowturns to another game. The 24 yearssince the Maroons abandoned thegridiron waft away. Then it's easyto imagine that the great NorthStands are filled again, Big Bertha'swaiting for the half, and Berwangeris beating Ohio State.40 over 50 return for its half-centurycelebration. Co-chairmen LawrenceH. Whiting and Chester Bell hadarranged a string of parties forthe class, which also produced thealumnus returning from the great­est distance in Mr. Kasai.An equally great turnout was reg­istered by 1918 in response to theblandishments of Arthur A. Baerand John Sherman Cooper. Mr. andMrs. Baer entertained the class attheir Beverly Hills home on Satur­day evening. The next afternoon,the John Nuveens had '18 out toWinnetka for a lawn party at theirhome. (Unfortunately, our photog­rapher could not solve the sched­uling problems presented by theperipatetic '18ers.)Off-year reunions were held bythe annual reuniters, '14, and by'21ers, the latter in honor of CiteeGlenn Harding.A Quadrangle Club party con­vened 1928 classmates. An un­chaired committee spurred, we aretold, by Roselle Moss Isenbergmade arrangements.Six classes chose the new Centerfor Continuing Education as theirreunion party sites. Dinners werearranged for '33 and '38 by com­mittees headed by Joseph T. Zoline,for '33, and Joseph Andalman,for '38.The '43 party, arranged byGeorge H. Lauerman and commit­tee, persisted nobly despite a tem­porary failure in the new building'sair conditioning system.Self-analysis in verse featured the'48 affair. The reunion committee,chaired by Charles R. Custer, resur­veyed the class and compared re­sults with the study of five yearsbefore. Some results: the averagegrade point while in the Collegehas increased since 1958; fraternitymen are better donors to the Uni­versity than former Maroon staffers;and the Class of '48 is more worriedabout taxes, and less about the in­ternational situation, than it wasfive years ago.The bottom of the chronologicalladder was well supported by '53and '58 convenings. Committeesheaded by Harold F. Rosenbaum,for '53, and Elin Ballantyne Chris­tianson, for '58, did the honors.H.R.H.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEA'r RIGHT The ubiquitous nametag is mastered by(from left) Le Roy T. Carlson, '38, Margaret Deffen­baugh Carlson, AM'43, Joseph W. Baer, '38, JD'40,and Nan Baer at the 1938 silver anniversary party.BELOW Half-century reunioners meet at the Quad­rangle Club: from left, Donald L. Breed, Paul W.Tatge, and Albert G. Duncan.BOTTOM RIGHT No, it's not likely that his fiftieth re­union in 2013 is occupying the mind of this new Chi­cago alumnus, much less the little lady wonderingwhy daddy has on that black dress. The photographerdidn't get the names; they are, we suppose, legion.MAY-JUNE, 1963 LEFT At the '08 reunion dinner,seated are (from left) Helen SunnyMcKibbin, Sara Hendricks Essing­ton, Ruth Porter Scholfield, CharlesP. Schwartz, and Harriet WilkesMerriam.Standing are Dr. Franklin C. Me­Lean, Lois Kauffman Markham,John E. Anderson, Joseph P. Var­kala, and Dr. Alice F. Braunlich.4102-39EDITH JENKINS LOGAN, '02, of Keo­kuk, Ia., was featured in the Daily GateCity (Keokuk newspaper) recently as anexample of "Keokuk's outstanding wo­men." Mrs. Logan has lived in Keokukfor 18 years, since the death of her hus­band. She is a member of the localchapter of D.A.R., the A.A.U.W. and theCongregational Church. Her favorite pas­times include bridge playing and readingGreek and Latin literature. Before mov­ing to Keokuk Mrs. Logan lived in SanDiego, Calif., where she was active inD.A.R., the San Diego County Federa- /tion of Women's Clubs, Red Cross andGirl Scout Council. She also lecturedextensively and participated in the' workof the California State Preservation ofHistoric Spots and Old Trails Road Com­mittee.ETHEL PERCY ANDRUS, '03, is presi­dent of the American Association of Re­tired Persons (AARP) and the NationalRetired Teachers Assn. She also servesas editor of Modern Maturity, publishedbi-monthly by the AARP. AARP is anon-profit organization serving seniormen and women, 55 years and older,with offices in Washington, D.C. Its ac­tivities include research, counseling, cor­respondence, an insurance plan, drugservice and travel service. Miss Andrusreceived a U of C Alumni Citation in1955.EDWARD W. ALLEN, '07, of Seattle,Wash., is the author of an article, "Fight­ing for Fish," which appeared in the42 NEWS OF the alumniMay, 1962 issue of Sea Frontiers, themagazine of the International Oceano­graphic Foundation. In the article Mr.Allen discussed the competition amongthe four great nations which border theNorth Pacific, for the fish of those waters.EDWARD A. HENRY, '07, of CoralGables, Fla., is still active in library workalthough he officially retired several yearsago. In tracing his career he writes, "Iserved 22 years in U of C Libraries­seven years in the Divinity Library andthe balance in the general library, thelast five months as acting director; then2.3 years as director of libraries at theUniversity of Cincinnati (I am still uni­versity librarian emeritus at Cincinnati);five years as senior cataloger in the JointUniversity Library in Nashville, Tenn.,meanwhile also serving as lecturer onlibrary science in the George PeabodyLibrary School close by; and now I havecompleted six years service in the U ni­versity of Miami libraries, the last fiveand a half as librarian of the Coral Gablesbranch of the School of Medicine Library,and am half way through my fifth yearof library administration."ELIZABETH STRONG SIMMONS, '38,of St. Paul, Minn., is assistant circulationlibrarian with the Minnesota Departmentof Public Welfare. Some time ago, dur­ing three years of part time work asadvertising secretary for the MinnesotaEducation Association Journal, Mrs. Sim­mons attended the University of Minne­sota and acquired enough credits toqualify for assistant librarian at the Mac­alester College library in St. Paul.MARTIN BRONFENBRENNER, PhD'39, is professor of economics in the Grad­uate School of Industrial Administrationat Carnegie Tech, Pittsburgh, Pa. Mr.Bronfenbrenner was formerly a professorof economics at the University of Minne­sota, Michigan State University, and theUniversity of Wisconsin. He is the authorof a recently published book, AcademicEncounter. EMMETT DEDMON, '39, of Chicago,has been named executive editor of theChicago Sun-Times. Mr. Dedmon servedsuccessively as literary editor, dramacritic and assistant managing editor ofthe Sun-Times before becoming its man­aging editor in 1958, the post he held atthe time of this appointment. Earlierhe had been assistant foreign editor ofthe Chicago Times and literary editor ofthe Chicago Sun, prior to their mergeras the Sun-Times. Mr. Dedmon is theauthor of four books written between1946 and 1960, including the best-seller,Fabulous Chicago. He is a trustee of theChicago Historical Society and is a mem­ber of the boards of directors of theYMCA of Metropolitan Chicago, the Chi­cago chapter of the American Red Cross,the Headline Club of Sigma Delta ChiJ oumalism Society and the AssociatedPress Managing Editors Assn. Mr. Ded­mon is also a member of the AlumniCabinet and the Citizens Board of theU of Co45-47SAMUEL Do GOLDEN, '45, JD'49, ofChicago, has left his position as chiefcounsel for the U of C's Argonne Na­tional Laboratory. He has become alawyer in the Office of Legal Counselfor the U of C, and adds, "It's wonderfulto be back on campus."ALLAN V. JAY, '45, MBA'47, is vicepresident and a director of Videodex,Inc., a New York firm engaged in tele­vision audience research. He is also onthe board of directors of the StamfordGood Government Assn., (Connecticut) 0He and his family live in Springdale,Conn.ELAINE ALPERT WESTON, '45, MBA, 48, lives in Huntington Woods, Mich.,THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEand is office manager for her husbandwho is an optometrist practicing in RoyalOak, Mich. Mrs. Weston's twin sister,ANITA ALPERT GRUEN, '45, MBA'48,also lives in the Detroit, Mich. area andassists her husband in his work as presi­dent of the U.S. Export Sales Corp.GENEVIEVE C. WEEKS, AM' 46, for­merly assistant professor at Indiana Uni­versity Division of Social Service since1950, has been appointed assistant pro­fessor on special tenure at the U of CSchool of Social Service Administration.Miss Weeks is directing a student re­search project. She has had several yearsof experience in social work research forthe Providence Council of Social Agen­cies in Rhode Island, and the GreaterBoston Community Council.FREDERICK BERTHOLD, JR., '47,PhD'54, and IAN BARBOUR, PhD'50,recently received Danforth FoundationAssociate Awards for college teachers.They are among the first five of theseawards ever to be given. Recipients werechosen for "their devotion to excellencein teaching and close personal contactwith their students." Each man will giveone semester or two quarters during1963-64 to interdisciplinary studies, in­quiries into the relationship of religionto their subject, or readings in the fieldof counseling. Mr. Berthold is dean ofthe Tucker Foundation at DartmouthCollege, Hanover, N.H. Mr. Barbour isassociate professor of religion and physicsand chairman of the department of re­ligion at Carleton College, Northfield,Minn. Mr. Barbour is planning to be onleave from Carleton for the entire 1963-64 academic year. He will study at Har­vard University in accordance with theDanforth Award, and spend the remain­der of the year working on a textbookfor which he was awarded one of twelvefellowships given by the American Coun­cil of Learned Societies. All of the Dan­forth Award winners appeared on thenationwide "Meet the Professor" tele­vision program on March 17.ROBERT E. CRAMER, SM'47, PhD'52,professor of geography at East CarolinaCollege in Greenville, N.C. since 1954,has been appointed director of the Col­lege's department of geography. Mr.Cramer is a member of the North Caro­lina Governor's Economic Advisory Com­mittee on Area Development and servesas Peace Corps ·liaison officer for EastCarolina College. In connection withcoursework in geography Mr. Cramer hasorganized and conducted four travel­study tours of various sections of thecountry and Canada, and supervised stu­dents' compilation of planning maps forthe city of Greenville which were usedin preparation of the master plan forthe city.LUCILE HAMNER, AM'47, now ofAustin, Texas, recently received a Dis­tinguished Service Award from the De-MAY-JUNE, 1963 partment of the Interior, Washington,D.C. - Miss Hamner was honored for 28years of outstanding service with theBureau of Indian Affairs which endedwith her retirement in August, 1962. Sheentered the Bureau in the first year ofthe establishment of its social . serviceprogram. In 1950 she was selected asthe first area social worker in the M us­kogee, Okla. area, and in 1954 she wastransferred to the position of area socialworker in Aberdeen, S. D. Her citationread in part, "Miss Hamner devoted herefforts to improving the social conditionsof the Indian people and to increasingthe quantity and quality of the socialservices offered by the Bureau to theIndian people."GERALD HANDEL, '47, AM'51, ofChicago, announces the birth of his sec­ond son, Michael Jeremy, in April, 1962.ALBERT R. HIBBS, SM'47, is the hostfor a children's program on the N a­tional Broadcasting Company televisionnetwork. The program, "Exploring,"is shown on Saturday afternoons andis designed to interest youngsters fromfive to eleven in language, music,mathematics, social studies and science.Mr. Hibbs is senior staff scientist withthe arms control and disarmament groupat the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of theCalifornia Institute of Technology. EachWednesday he travels by jet plane fromhis Pasadena home to Washington, D.C.where he reports to the Arms and Dis=armament Control Agency on his Caltechwork, then on to New York to tape hisTV show on Thursday. He comments onthe program, "What I'm trying to do ontelevision is to stimulate the interest ofthe kids in the fun and enjoyment thatlie within learning. [Children] have ex­actly the same curiosity that scientistshave, only with children it's a naturalchildish trait, whereas it's the businessof scientists." He adds, "In talking withchildren, I have always felt that it wasimportant . for me to get across the ideathat I don't know all the answers. Thechallenge of learning is the vast amountof ignorance left. The answers are no­where near as fascinating as the un­answered questions." While attendingthe U of C, Mr. Hibbs and ROY W AL­FORD, '46, MD'48, then a pre-medicalstudent, devised a system for winning atroulette. Later they won $12,000 whenthey put their system to work at LasVegas and Reno.WILLIAM W. HILL, MBA'47, has beenelected second vice president-invest­ments, of the Mutual of Omaha InsuranceCo., Omaha, Neb. He will also continueto serve in his capacities as assistanttreasurer of the company. He joinedMutual in 1951 and served as an invest­ment analyst and assistant manager ofthe investments department before hispromotion to assistant treasurer in 1960.Mr. Hill is a member of the AmericanFinance Assn., and the Omaha-LincolnSociety of Financial Analysts. MARY ELLA HOPKINS, '47, (Mrs.James H. Reutershan), is teaching socialstudies in the Southampton, Long Island,Public Schools. Last summer she was as­sistant to the director of Guild Hall andJohn Drew Theater. Mrs. Reutershan isso occupied with her professional, com­munity and married life she admits hav­ing been to N ew York City only threetimes in four years.ALICE JAMES, AM'47, has resignedfrom her faculty position at the U of CSchool of Social Service Administration,to become chief social worker at theInstitute for Juvenile Research, Chicago.Replacing her at the School with respon­sibility for liaison with the medical socialwork agencies, is MARY GREEN, AM'49, who formerly supervised an SSAstudent unit at La Rabida Sanitarium.JOSEPH G. KEY, MBA'47, is supervisorof production scheduling and control forContinental Can ce., in Hodge, La. Heand his wife live in Jonesboro, La.,where he is chairman of the official boardof the Jonesboro Methodist Church,chairman, of the finance campaign for theBoy Scouts, and president of the J ones­boro-Hodge Lions Club.J. STANTON KING, JR., '47, has re­ceived a Research Career DevelopmentA ward from the National Institutes ofHealth. The award will support him dur­ing a five-year study of the cause andprevention of stone formations in the kid­neys and urinary tract. Dr. King is aresearch assistant professor of biochemis­try at the Bowman Gray School of Medi­cine, Winston-Salem, N. C.LOUIS KRIESBERG, '47, AM'50, PhD'53, and his wife LOIS ABLIN, AM'53,moved to Syracuse last fall when Mr.Kriesberg became associate -professor inthe department of sociology and anthro­pology and research associate at theYouth Development Center.KENNETH R. KUESTER, '47, of El­wood, Ind., is night superintendent at theElwood plant of Continental Can. Athird child, Joan Margaret, was born tothe Kuesters on September 9, 1962.JERROLD MEINWALD, '47, '48, pro­fessor of chemistry at Cornell University,has been appointed to the advisory boardof The Journal of Organic Chemistry, amonthly publication of the AmericanChemical Society. Mr. Meinwald willserve a five-year term on the advisoryboard, which has 26 members. Hejoined the Cornell faculty as an instruc­tor, and subsequently was named pro­fessor of chemistry in 1962.DAVID M. MERRIELL, SM'47, PhD'51,associate professor of mathematics atthe University of California, Santa Bar­bara, has been awarded a National Sci­ence Foundation Science Faculty Fellow-43ship. The fellowship will enable him tospend the academic year 1963-64 in resi­dence at the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology. As a visiting fellow he willpursue a program of study and research.Mr. Merriell has been a member of themathematics department at Santa Bar­bara since 1957, and is currently actingchairman of the department. Previouslyhe taught at Robert College in Turkeyand at the U of C.JAMES R. MORRIS, MBA'47, PhD'57,is self-employed as a research economistand consultant in Alexandria, Va. He isco-author of a book, Renewing America'sCities, published by the Institute forSocial Science Research in May, 1962.ROBERT B. MURRAY, MBA'47, is di­rector of the business operations analysisstaff for Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester,N. Y. He also serves as president of theboard of education for the Penfield Cen­tral School System there.WENDALL D. RAUSHER, MBA'47,has been appointed staff supervisor ofcommercial statistics for United StatesSteel's cost and statistics division. Mr.Rausber began bis career with U.S. Steelin 1947 when he worked in the account­ing department of the Gary (Ind.) SheetPOND LETTER SERVICE, Inc.Everything in LellersHooven TypewritingMul+iqrephinqAddressogroph ServiceHighest Quality Service MimeographingAddressingMailingMinimum PricesAll Phones:M12-8883 219 W. Chicago Ave.Chicago 10, IllinoisSymbolofProgressTHIS pylon on our new plant marksa milestone in our thirty yearsof service to organizationsrequiring fine skills, latesttechniques and large capacity.Our work is as diversified as theneeds and products of our customersOFFSET LITHOGRAPHYCongress Expressway at Gardner RoadBROADVIEW, ILL. COlumbus 1·142044 and Tin Mill. He served in several ac­counting and analytical positions beforehe became staff assistant of the divisionin July, 1960, the position he held atthe time of his recent appointment. Mr.Rausher and his family live in BethelPark, Pa.HERBERT RIEHL, PhD'47, is now headof the department of atmospheric scienceat Colorado State University, Fort Col­lins, Colo.C. HARRIS WEERTS, '47, MBA'49,was elected vice president and secretary­treasurer of Union Starch & Refining Co.,Inc., of Columbus, Ind., in June, 1962.Mr. Weerts joined the company in 1949and has previously served as investmentanalyst, internal audit supervisor, con­troller, secretary-treasurer and a memberof the executive committee. He is activein many Columbus community projectsand is an officer of St. Peter's LutheranChurch.48IRVING S. BENGELSDORF, SM'48,PhD'51, of Costa Mesa, Calif., has beenappointed science editor of the Los An­geles Times. He assumed his duties onMarch 4.EVE SPIRO JONES BONNER, '48,SM'48, PhD'53, of Chicago, is writing adaily column for the women's page of theChicago Daily News, under the name, Dr.Eve Jones. Mrs. Bonner, whose column istitled "A Parent's World," is a clinicalpsychologist and has taught at the down­town campus of the U of C for the pasteight years. She is the author of The In­telligent Parent's Guide to Raising Chil­dren, and a new book, How to Raise YourChildren in a Fatherless Home.ANN COLLAR BRODER, '48, AM'51,of Arlington, Va., finds her four sons keepher busy. Her husband, DAVID, '47,AM'51, leads an interesting life as politi­cal reporter for the Washington EveningStar, particularly during September andOctober when "it's open season for cam­paigners and campaigns."LOWELL C. DOAK, MBA'48, has re­cently accepted a position as controllerof Rutgers University in New Brunswick,N. J. Mr. Doak's wife and two sonsremained in Chicago until the end of theschool year. They are now living in West­field, N.J.DAVID C. KNAPP, AM'48, PhD'53, hasbeen appointed associate director of anationwide study of American colleges ofagriculture, including teaching, researchand extension. The study, financed bythe Carnegie Corporation of New York,is being conducted from the Universityof Maryland, College Park, Md. It is concerned with the nature of agriculturaleducation as related to the vast nationaland international changes which haveoccurred in farming and related industriesrecently. Mr. Knapp goes to the Univer­sity of Maryland from Harvard Universitywhere he had a fellowship for advancedstudy of natural resources policy. Therehe was on sabbatical leave from the Uni­versity of New Hampshire as dean of theCollege of Arts and Sciences. During1959 he held a Fulbright fellowship tostudy forest policy in Finland.CAROLYN SWIFT LENZ, '48, of Provi­dence, R.I., is chairman of the RhodeIsland affiliate of the American CivilLiberties Union. She was quoted in arecent news item in the Providence Journalconcerning a Supreme Court ruling aboutliterature censorship in Rhode Island.HARRY L. McCLOSKEY, MBA' 48, deanof students at Loyola University in Chi­cago, was named Faculty Man of the Yearby the Loyola chapter of Pi Gamma Mu,national social science honor society. Thecitation honored Mr. McCloskey for his"outstanding interest, contributions, andpersonal dedication to faculty, studentsand university." He joined the faculty atLoyola in 1949 as an instructor in the Col­lege of Commerce, and in 1951 was nameddirector of the Loyola Union, the studentgoverning body. A year later he wasappointed assistant professor of market­ing and assistant dean of students andin 1956 he became dean of students. Mr.McCloskey also is chairman of the Uni­versity Committee on Student Activitiesand Welfare and a member of the Ad­ministrative Council of Loyola University.RICHARD T. STEARNS, '48, AM'50, iscontroller of Hertz American Express In­ternational, Ltd. Previously Mr. Stearnswas accounting manager for Hertz Inter­national operations in Europe. He andhis family live in Rye, N.Y.BARBARA JACOBSON STEIMETZ, '48,AM'62, was one of the six top students inher graduating class in the U of C Schoolof Service Administration last June. Shewas formerly a caseworker with the Mult­nomah County Welfare Commission inPortland, Ore., and was sent to the U ofC on a stipend from the Oregon StateWelfare Commission. She has now re­turned to work on the state staff of theCommission in Oregon. While at theU of C, Mrs. Steimetz did field work atthe Social Service Department of LaRabida Sanitarium, Chicago, and theLake County Department of Public Wel­fare, Gary, Ind.PETER VAN DOREN, '48, AM'51, for­merly a partner in Thomas Nelson & Sons,New York City, is an editor in the tradebook division of Prentice-Hall. Mr. VanDoren has been associated with bookpublishing for a number of years, havingserved as associate editor at G. P. Put­nam's Sons, and editor-in-chief (from1958 to 1960) of the New York Univer­sity Press.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEELMER M. WALSH, JR., '48, MBA'50,formerly in the Department of Justice, isnow an attorney for the Chicago lawfirm, McBride, Baker, Wienke & Schlosser.JOHN C. WATT, '48, left his districtranger's job in Mount Shasta, Calif., forassignment as a placement officer withthe U.S. Forest Service in San Francisco.Mr. Watt, who now lives in Novato,Calif., enjoys the new job but misses themountains and field work.ARNOLD A. WEINER, '48, is presidentof A. A. Weiner Associates, architectsand engineers, of Chicago.JAMES S. WILSON, '48, of Gary, Ind.,is assistant superintendent of the 76"Hot Strip Mill at the Indiana HarborWorks of Inland Steel Co. Since 1957,Mr. Wilson had been general foreman ofthe 76" Mill.RALPH J. WOOD, JR., '48, of Chicago,has been elected president of the IllinoisLeaders Round Table, a division of theState and National Life UnderwritersAssn. Mr. Wood is in his seventh yearof membership in the Round Table,which is composed of insurance salesmenwho have set outstanding sales recordsin their companies.AUSTIN M. WRIGHT, AM'48, PhD'59,formerly assistant professor of English inthe U of C College, is a member of thefaculty of the University of Cincinnati.Mrs. Wright is SARA HULL, '44, AM'47.49-50DAG DAVERGSTEN, MBA'49, is adisponent for A/S Freia in Oslo, Norway.As disponent he is head of sales, adver­tising and distribution activities for hiscompany, which manufactures a widevariety of food products. He is also adirector of Kjopmannskreditt, a financialorganization investing in supermarketsand shopping centers.WARREN C. GERLER, MBA' 49, hasbeen promoted to assistant sales managerof Link-Belt Company's Pershing RoadPlant in Chicago. Mr. Gerler has beenwith Link-Belt Co. for the past 17 yearsas a specialist in mining and coal prep­aration. He started with the company in1946 in the engineering department andthen served as a sales engineer in thecompany's Huntington, W. Va. districtoffice.NELLIE HARTMAN, AM'49, has beenappointed field work assistant professorat the U of C School of Social ServiceAdministration. She is supervising stu­dents at the Children's Division, CookCounty Department of Public Aid. MissHartman recently returned from fourMAY-JUNE, 1963 years in India, where she was the headof a mission to Indian schools of socialwork under the International Coopera­tion Administration Program to strength­en schools there. Prior to this missionshe was a U of C social service field in­structor from 1949 to 1953 and a super­visor and field instructor at the Instituteof Juvenile Research from 1954 to 1958.JAMES C. JERNIGAN, PhD'49, wasinaugurated as the seventh president ofTexas College of Arts and Industries(Texas A&I), Kingsville, Texas, on March25. Mr. Jernigan became president lastSeptember following 12 years of serviceas dean of the College. He joined thefaculty at Texas A&I in March of 1946as director of men's activities and wasnamed dean of student life the followingSeptember. He then took a two-yearleave of absence to study at the U of Cfor his doctorate degree, and on returningto the College became director of stu­dent personnel and associate professor ofeducation. The following year he wasnamed dean of the College. Mr. Jerniganis currently president of the Associationof Texas Colleges and Universities.JAMES M. SMITH, MD'49, and his wife,RUTH (BETSY) WALKER, '47, spentJanuary in Algiers, Algeria, on the emer­gency medical team sponsored by MEDI­CO-CARE. They served as surgeon andsurgical nurse, respectively, in Beni-Mes­sous Hospital there. ("Mission to Al­giers" in the November Magazine de:scribed the work of the first team fromthe U of C Clinics.)EDWARD E. WERNER, MBA'49, PhD'58, associate professor of commerce atthe University of Wisconsin, Madison, ischairman of a University-Ford Founda­tion group which is assisting in the de­velopment of a faculty of economicslocated at Gadjah Mada University inJogjakarta, Indonesia. He accepted thisappointment in June, 1960, and expectedto remain Indonesia until June, 1963.RICHARD J. WYTMAR, SM'49, MBA'58, is the author of an article entitled"Executive Success" which appeared inthe Chicago Life Magazine of the Chi­cago Daily News last October. Mr. Wyt­mar is a partner in the executive recruit­ing consultant firm of Maichle & Wytmar,Inc., Chicago. Mr. Wytmar also conduct­ed two meetings at a conference on"Modern Selection and Development ofExecutive Manpower" sponsored by theChicago Association of Commerce andIndustry and conducted by Maichle &Wytmar, Inc., and another Chicago firm.MARIANNE ELKISCH, AM'50, hasbeen appointed field work assistant pro­fessor at the U of C School of SocialService Administration. From 1945 to1952 Miss Elkisch was a caseworker atthe Illinois Children's Home and AidSociety. In 1952 she became a super­visor with the Chicago Child Care So­ciety where she remained until last year Ofteet Printing _ Imprinting _ AddressographingMultilithing • Copy Preparation _ Automatic InsertingTypewriting • Addressing _ Folding • MailingCHICAGO ADDRESSING & PRINTING COMPANY720 SOUTH DEARBORN STREET WAbash 2·4561SidewalksFactory FloorsMachineFoundationsConcrete BreakingNOrm,,' 7-043.'1We operate our own dry cleaning plant1309 East 57th St.MI dway 3-0602 5319 Hyde Park Blvd.NO rmal 7-98581553 E. Hyde Park Blvd.1442 E. 57th FAirfax 4-5759Midway 3-0607Painting-Decarating-Waad Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street KEdzie 3·3186GEORGE ERHARDTand SONS. Inc.MODEL CAMERA SHOPtelee- Bolex· Rolleiflex· Polaroid1342 E. 55th St. HYde Park 3·9259NSA Discounts24-haur Kadachrame DevelapingHO Trains and Madel SuppliesI;'()WER YOU R' COSTSIMPROVED, METHODSEMPLOYEE TRAININGWAGE INCENTIVESJOB EVALUATIONPERSONNEL PROCEDURES,{45when she was employed as a supervisorin pediatric social service at MichaelReese Hospital, Chicago.RAYMOND P. EWING, AM'50, has beennamed chairman of the 1963 Skokie Val­ley United Crusade. The crusade is forthe Community Chest organizations offive Chicago suburbs: Golf, Lincolnwood,Morton Grove, Niles and Skokie. Mr.Ewing is on the public relations staff atthe home office of. Allstate Insurance Co.,in Skokie. He is also publicity chairmanfor the Skokie Valley Welfare Council,and the 1963 Red Cross Fund campaignin Skokie. He is a member of the Pub­licity Club of Chicago, and the SkokieJunior Chamber of Commerce. He andhis family live in Winnetka, Ill.LOUISE FASSLER, AM'50, has beennamed director of social service at Wes-BOYD & GOULDSINCE 1888HYDE PARK AWNING CO. INC.SINCE 1896NOW UNDER ONE MANAGEMENTAwnings and Canopies for All Purposes9305 South Western Phone: 239-1511Since 1878H.ANNIBAL, INC.furniture RepairingUpholstering • RefinishingAntiques Restored1919 N. Sheffield Ave. • LI 9-1180RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING and DECORATING1331w. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMOnroe 6-3192BEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO24 HOUR SERVICELicensed • Bonded • InsuredQualified WeldersSubmerged Water HeatersHAymarket 1-79171404-08 S. Western Ave., ChicagoUNIVERSITY NATIONAL BANK1354 East 55th StreetMemberFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationMUseum 4-120046 ley Memorial Hospital in Chicago. Shewas formerly casework supervisor at theUniversity of Illinois Hospitals for twelveyears.ASHTON S. KRUG, '50, MBA'55, re­cently completed his assignment in Eu­rope with International Business Ma­chines Corp. He remains with the corpo­ration as a federal representative to theU. S. Army Signal Corps, and he and hisfamily are living in Bethesda, Md.SHELDON POLLACK, AM'50, of SanFrancisco, Calif., is California executivedirector of the Americans for DemocraticAction. The organization was originallyfounded by Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt andother liberals in 1947. In a recent articlein the San Francisco Examiner, it wasdescribed as a militant, liberal groupwhich tries "to provide a market placeof ideas and serve as a political con­science." In a little over a year Mr.Pollack has built up the California chap­ter of the group to 2000, a gain of 1200.This year the Americans for DemocraticAction will sponsor a state legislativepro gram in California for the first time.GEORGE M. STANFIELD, MBA'50, ofLake Oswego, Ore., is northwest regionalmanager for Encyclopaedia BritannicaPress. This is a new division of Ency­clopaedia Britannica concentrating in theeducational textbook field. The first text­books are in programmed learning format.Mr. Stanfield considers this an excitingnew field that could change our ideas ofmass education.51-54WILFRED A. PEMBERTON, PhD'51,and his wife, CAROL LUNDIE, PhD'51,are in South Africa where Mr. Pember­ton is doing psychological research forthe Council for Scientific and IndustrialResearch. He has been on leave fromthe University of Delaware for the 1962 ..63 school year. The trip to South Africapermitted a visit to Mrs. Pemberton'sparents, whom she has not seen for 15years.IRVING B. TEBOR, AM'5l, has beenappointed social welfare consultant to theGovernment of Indonesia under the aus­pices of the United Nations TechnicalAssistance Program. He was named to theposition last fall for a twelve-monthperiod. Formerly Mr. Tebor was coordi­nator of the social work curriculum atSan Diego State College.JAMES L. SPRATT, '53, PhD'57, MD'61, assistant professor of pharmacologyat the State University of Iowa, IowaCity, recently received a $30,000 MarkleAward for scholars of medical science.The grant will be set aside by the Johnand Mary R. Markle Foundation, for use by the University toward Dr. Spratt'ssupport over the next five' years. TheMarkle Award was established "to im­prove medical research and education byassisting some of the promising youngteachers and investigators who too often,for financial or other reasons, must foregoacademic careers to enter private practiceor industrial laboratories." Dr. Sprattwas also recently granted a Research Ca­reer Development Award from the U. S.Public Health Service. His researchstudies, supported by a National Insti­tutes of Health research grant, are aimedtoward understanding of the pharma­cologic and therapeutic actions of drugson the heart.ANTHONY J. VATTANO, AM'53, hasjoined the faculty of the Jane AddamsGraduate School of Social Work of theUniversity of Illinois, Urbana. He isteaching casework and dynamics of hu­man development and has some responsi­bility for field work liaison in the psychi­atric setting. Recently he was employedat the Illinois State NeuropsychiatricInstitute.DONALD S. ORNSTEIN, SM'54, PhD'57, assistant professor at Stanford Uni­versity, Stanford, Calif., has been namedan Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow. Mr.Ornstein is a mathematician with specialinterest in the theory of probability.Sloan grants are given to creative youngscientists for their research, giving themcomplete freedom to choose the projectand conduct the work as they wish.MARC RASKIN, '54, JD'57, former staffassistant for the National Security Coun­cil in Washington, D.C., was featured inan article in the January Esquire maga­zine' entitled "But Who's Minding theCountry." He was listed among a groupof "young men with exceptional liveli­ness and drive" who are involved in theFederal government. Mr. Raskin origi­nally went to Washington to work withCongressman Kastenmeier of Wisconsin,and then went on to write papers, sug­gest policy and draft legislation for sev­eral other Congressmen. He also helpeddraft a paper on deterence systems whichbecame a book on disarmament and hehelped organize a group of liberal Con­gressmen and intellectuals outside Wash­ington known as "The Liberal Project."When he later took the National SecurityCouncil position he remained a repre­sentative of liberal elements outside thegovernment. Esquire added, "In a funnyway, he was a one-man lobby: a memberof the executive branch of governmentwith a following all his own. He recentlyleft the government for a foundationgrant to study problems of governmentand social change. But it's hard to be­lieve he won't be back."WOLF RODER, '54, AM'56, has beenappointed visiting assistant professor ofgeography at the University of Cincin­nati. He is also writing his doctoraldissertation in geography. For the pasttwo years Mr. Roder held a Ford Foun-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEdation foreign area fellowship and didresearch on rural geography in SouthernRhodesia and at Oxford, England. Hehas been on the faculty at Elmhurst, Ill.,College and at Indiana University's GaryCenter.ARNOLD SCHECTER, '54, '57, hasbeen appointed a research fellow at Har­vard Medical School. The position in­dudes training in electron microscopyand the teaching of histology. Dr. Schec­ter's home is Chicago.HICHARD C. TOTMAN, MBA'54, hasbeen named director of customer servicesfor the Arizona Bank in Phoenix. Mr.Totman joined the bank early in 1962after serving as assistant treasurer of theCurtiss Candy Co. and regional salesmanager for Dole Valve Co., both ofChicago. Mr. Totman was an ArizonaBank "loaned executive" in the 1962United Fund campaign in Phoenix.WILLIAM B. WOLF, PhD'54, is servingas chairman of the department of man­agement in the College of Business Ad­ministration at the University of Hawaiiwhile on leave from the University ofSouthern California. At USC he is pro­fessor of management in the School ofCommerce. One of his assignments atHawaii is to set up an executive program.55-62MERYL FIALKA, AM'55, (Mrs. A. L.Steigman), and her husband are in Beng­hazi, Libya, where Mr. Steigman is aforeign service officer at the U. S. Em­bassy. They left Leopoldville, Congo inthe spring of 1962 after a two-year tourof duty there. Their daughter was bornin Leopoldville in February, 1962.DONALD A. FISHER, '55, '56, of Chi­cago, was married to Miss Mar LynnOrmsby of Sun City, Ariz., on January26. They were married in Maracaibo,Venezuela where both are Peace Corpsvolunteers teaching English at the Uni­versity of Zulia.PATRICK J. PARKER, '55, MBA'55, hasjoined the economics division of theOperations Evaluation Group at the Cen­ter for Naval Analyses in Arlington, Va.Operations Evaluation Group is the coun­try's oldest operations research organi­zation, and provides the Navy and MarineCorps with analytical services in suehareas as submarine, anti-submarine, air,anti-air, amphibious, and nuclear war­fare, as well as logistics, strategy, andelectronic warfare. Mr. Parker formerlyhas taught economics and statistics atthe University of California (Berkeley),the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School, andKnox College. He is a member of theAmerican Economic Assn.MAY-JUNE, 1963 MARK S. SHAPIRO, '55, was installedas rabbi of Congregation B'nai Jehoshuain Chicago last fall. Mr. Shapiro, whowas formerly with Temple Beth Zion inBuffalo, N.Y., was ordained in 1960 atthe Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati,Ohio. He is a former president of theChicago Federation of Temple Youth.WALTER DAMM, AM'56, and his wife,ISABELLE FREY, JD'57, are living inCologne, Germany. Mr. Damm is work­ing for an association of German banksand is involved with common marketproblems and practices. He is co-authorof a book published in Germany on bank­ing practices in common market countries.RUSSELL A. KELLER, '56, retired lastOctober as a major in the U.S. Air Forceafter 20 years of military service. InJanuary he became distributor for Light­house Products in five New York countiesand part of two others. LighthouseProducts are household items manufac­tured by blind workers. At the time ofhis retirement Mr. Keller was weaponsdirector and senior director in the SAGEblockhouse at Stewart Air Force Base,N.Y. Mr. Keller lives with his family inNewburgh, N.Y.DAVID J. PITTMAN, PhD'56, associateprofessor of sociology at WashingtonUniversity, St. Louis, Mo., has beennamed along with another professor tohead up research for a new juvenile de­linquency project in St. Louis. The re­search will be used by the Division ofCommunity Services to draw up a dem­onstration plan for reducing juveniledelinquency. The Federal governmentand City of St. Louis have contributed$227,000 for the study. In addition tobeing research associate professor of so­ciology in psychiatry at the WashingtonUniversity Medical School, he is programdirector of the Alcoholism Treatment andResearch Center at Bliss Mental HealthCenter; research associate of the Univer­sity's Social Science Institute and directorof its Metropolitan Population Project;consultant to the St. Louis MetropolitanPolice Department. In addition, Mr. Pitt­man has just published his third book infour years, Society, Culture and DrinkingPatterns, which he co-edited. Mr. Pitt­man is also a member of the MissouriGovernor's Committee on AlcoholicTreatment and Prevention and of theexecutive committee of the InternationalBureau on Alcoholism in Switzerland.JOHN G. THOMPSON, SM'56, PhD'59,recently received his second Sloan Foun­dation research grant naming him anAlfred P. Sloan Foundation ResearchFellow. Now associate professor of math­ematics at the U of C, Mr. Thompsonreceived his first Sloan grant in 1962while at Harvard University as a visitingassistant professor. His was one of foursuch grants to U of C faculty members,which finance two-years of scientific re­search for "young and highly creativescientists." Other newly-appointed Sloan YOUR FAVORITEFOUN1'AIN TREATTAS1'ES BETTER[Swift & CompanyA prod uct of 7409 So. Stat. Str •• tPhone RAdcliff. 3-7400THE NEW CHICAGO CHAIRAn attractive, sturdy, comfortablechair finished in jet black withgold trim and gold silk-screenedUniversity shield.$30.00Order from and make checks pay­able toTHE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION5733 University Ave., Chicago 37Chairs 'Will be shipped express col­lect from Gardner, Mass. withinone month.47fellows on the U of C faculty include:David H. Douglass, Jr., assistant profes­sor of the Institute for the Study ofMetals and the physics department; PhilipE. Eaton, assistant professor of chemistry;and Richard G. Swan, associate professorof mathematics. In addition, there arefour other U of C faculty members whowere awarded Sloan grants last year.They are: JAMES C. PHILLIPS, '52,SM'55, PhD'56, assistant professor in theInstitute for the Study of Metals and thephysics department; NIEN-CHU YANG,PhD'52, associate professor in the chem­istry department and the Ben May Lab­oratory for Cancer Research; Gerhard L.Closs, associate professor of chemistry;and J un J. Sakurai, assistant professor inthe Enrico Fermi Institute for NuclearStudies and the physics department.ARNE RONNING-ARNESEN, MBA'58,is controller of 4/S Finous, a quick-frozenfish processing firm in Hammerfest, N or­way.MILES E. TAYLOR, MBA'58, will beprofessor of air science at EvansvilleCollege, Evansville, Ind., beginning inSeptember. He is a major in the U. S.Air Force. Mrs. Taylor (LAURABELLEJOHNSON, AM'49), has been doingsome private counselling with militaryfamilies in Germany while Mr. Taylorwas stationed there.ELIZABETH G. R. HUGHES, '59, wasmarried on February 23 to Mr. JeromeB. Schneewind, assistant professor ofphilosophy at Yale University. Mr.Schneewind formerly taught at the U ofC. Mrs. Schneewind is the daughter ofEVERETT C. HUGHES, PhD'28, andHELEN MacGILL, AM'27, PhD'37.MARTIN L. KAIN, '59, of ClevelandHeights, Ohio, began serving his medicalinternship at the Mary Hitchcock Memo­rial Hospital in Hanover, N.H. At theend of the spring quarter Mr. Kain re­ceived his doctor of medicine degreefrom the U of C.LOUIS L. SELBY, '59, JD'62, of Lake­wood, Calif., was admitted to the Cali­fornia Bar in June, 1962. He is now adeputy attorney general of California,representing the State in appellate mat­ters in Federal and California courts.His first big case was heard in the Su­preme Court of California in April. Itinvolved California's new narcotic reha­habilitation law-"a pilot program 'in thenation and a step towards the medicalapproach in the narcotics area."CHARLES D. FALK, '61, now earninga PhD in organic chemistry, and nineother U of C graduate students in spacescience, currently hold training grantsfrom the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration. The purpose of the grantsis to help achieve the long range objec­tives of the national space program andmeet the nation's future needs for highlytrained scientists and engineers. The Uof C has recently been awarded 15 moresuch awards for graduate students to use48 in 1963-64. They will be selected in timeto begin their studies this fall.Other U of C· students who currentlyhold the NASA grants are: GEORGEGLOECKLER, '60, SM'61, a member ofSigma Xi, national scientific honor so­ciety; ROBERT HJELLMING, '60, SM'61, specializing in astronomy and astro­physics; FREDERICK W. HUSZAGH,JD'62, a candidate for a JSD degreewith special interest in space law; ED­WARD C. STONE, JR., SM'59, memberof Sigma Xi. Non-graduates who holdthe NASA grants are: Pat R. and PaulD. Roach, twins who were both previ­ously employed at Argonne NationalLaboratory from 1959 to 1961, and nowstudying cosmic rays and high-energyphysics respectively; Alan P. Marchand,currently working toward a PhD in chem­istry; Lawrence D. Webb, an SM candi­date in chemistry who is interested inanalytical chemistry and statistical ther­modynamics; Philip S. Jackson, a PhDcandidate in astronomy.MARIANNA TAX CHOLDIN, '62, andfour other recent U of C graduates havebeen elected to Phi Beta Kappa, nationalhonorary society. Mrs. Choldin, whois the daughter of SOL TAX, PhD'S5,professor of anthropology at the U of C,is currently working toward a Master'sdegree in Slavic languages and litera­tures. She is also president of Nu PiSigma, women's honor society. Otherselected to Phi Beta Kappa are KARENKIRK, '62, now a teacher in Indianapolis,Ind.; BRIAN M. HOFFMAN, '62, ofChicago; MARVIN STONE, SM'62, nowenrolled in U of C Medical School andholder of a U. S. Public Health ServiceMedical Training Fellowship; and BRUN­SON McKINLEY, '62, a graduate stu­dent in the classics department.ROBERT L. KASS, '62, of Chicago, re­ceived a 1963-64 Woodrow Wilson Fel­lowship for graduate study. The fellow­ships provide tuition and a $1,500stipend for first-year graduate studentsat universities of their choice. Five otherU of C students, who will graduate inJune, also received Woodrow WilsonFellowships: James N. Hood, Daniel A.Levine, and Carol V. Simpson, all ofChicago; Alan J. Berger, Wauconda, Ill.;and Guy B. Oakes, Metropolis, Ill.DUK H. LEE, SM'62, of Berkeley, Calif.,has been appointed a chemist in thefuels and lubricants department of ShellDevelopment Company's Emeryville Re­search Center in Emeryville, Calif. Fol­lowing his graduation from the U of C,Mr. Lee did further graduate work atKarlsruhe in Germany, where he re­ceived his doctorate last year.INGER PEDERSEN, AM'62, was mar­ried last summer to Kenneth C. Davis,professor of law at the U of CLawSchool. The Davises spent part of thesummer in Denmark where Mrs. Davisconducted two seminars for field instruc­tors at the Danish School of Social Work. memorialsHOWARD L. WILLETT, SR., '06, diedMay 9, at the age of 79. He was chairmanof the Willett Company, Chicago's largestlocal trucking organization, which hasbeen a family business since 1868. Be­ginning with the company in his under­graduate days, when he worked for itduring the summer, he became presidentin 1931. He successfully brought theenterprise through the depression and asdeterminedly fought off gang efforts tobecome "partners" in the company. Hisson, Howard L. Willett, Jr.,-succeededhim as president when he became chair­man in 1956.Mr. Willett had many civic and philan­thropic interests, especially those relatedto helping crippled children, and for yearshe headed the Easter Seal Fund. He wasthe principal organizer of the CitizensTraffic Safety Board and was its chairmansince its founding.The University was another of hismajor interests. He made many generouspersonal gifts to medical research andalso established the Willett Faculty Fel­lowships in the College. Providing up to$3,500 each, the fellowships each yeargive three younger members of the staffa free quarter to forward their research.In addition to his son, survivors arehis wife, May; a daughter, Mrs. JaneTaylor, and a granddaughter.JOE PATTERSON SMITH, "24, PhD'30,of Jacksonville, Ill., died on May 28. Mr.Smith retired in June 1962, as professoremeritus of history and government atIllinois College after 35 years of service.His fields of specialization were Cana­dian-American relations, U.S. foreign pol­icy, and U.S. constitutional history. Hewas the first president of the Illinois Col­lege Faculty Senate.Mr. Smith was a member and chairmanof the board of trustees of the J ackson­ville Public Library, a member of theIllinois State Library Board of Trustees,and other community organizations. Mr.Smith, who lost his sight while in theMarine Corps in 1915-20, was termed bythe Chicago Daily News of May 31 as"more than a teacher. He was counselor,friend, and an exemplar of human cour­age and determination."GORDON R. CLAPP, AM'33, formerchairman of the Tennessee Valley Au­thority, died at his home in New YorkCity on April 28. Mr. Clapp started withthe TVA in 1933 and later became itsgeneral manager from 1939 to 1946, andchairman from 1946 to 1954. In 1954-55Mr. Clapp was deputy city administratorin New York City. He then joined theDevelopment and Resources Corp., aconsulting firm in N ew York, of whichhe was president at the time of his death.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINENew brilliance for records ...Have you ever had trouble with dust clinging to your phonograph records-clogging the grooves, collect­ing on the needle, and spoiling the most carefully reproduced sound? That happens when a record buildsup static electricity and becomes a magnet for dust every time it's played. � But Union Carbide scientistshave found a way to end this nuisance. Into the vinyl plastic developed for records, they have built aspecial anti-static agent. Already more than 50 million stereo records have been produced from thisimproved plastic. � Ever since the creation of the first vinyl phonograph record, Union Carbide hasworked closely with the leaders in the record industry to achieve the brilliant high-fidelity available toyou today. Vinyl is one of the important family of BAKELITE brand plastics, which includes phenolics,styrenes, epoxies, polyethylenes, and polypropylenes. Pioneers in plastics for more than 50 years, thepeople of Union Carbide are continuing their research in these useful materials.A HAND IN THINGS TO COMELOOK for these famous Union Carbide consumer products-EvEREADY batteries,LINDE stars, PRESTONE anti-freeze and car care products, "6-12" insect repellent.Union Carbide Corporation, 270 Park Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. In Canada, Union Carbide Canada Limited, Toronto.Where didyesterday go?That's the big trouble with college reunions.They bring home the fact that time passesawfully fast!Let's look ahead.As a husband and father you can lookahead with greater confidence once you havetalked life insurance with a ConnecticutMutual Life man. Reason: A CML mancan tell you how much and what kind oflife insurance will provide exactly what youwant for your wife and children. He'll askyou what you and your family need, andwhen, and then recommend a plan to providethe funds. This skilled professional work hedoes without cost or obligation.Many a client of a CML agent has beendelighted at what was done to stretch hispresent life insurance, to make it providemore money for the right purposes at theright times without increasing the cost onecentl Why not call on a CML man forthis service?Dividends paid to policyholdersfor 117 yearsOwned by its policyholders, CML provides high qualitylife insurance at low cost and gives personal servicethrough more than 300 offices in the United States.Connecticut Mutual ILifeINSURANCE COMPANY· HARTFORDYour fellow alumni now with CMLJoseph H, Aaron '27Edward B, Bates, CLU '40Harvey J, Butsch '38Robert A, Havens '50PaulO, Lewis, CLU '28Fred G, Reed '33Dan Oc Sabath '43RIchard c.. Shaw, MD, Grad, SchoolRussell C. Whitney, CLl] '29 ChicagoHome OfficeChicagoAlbuquerqueChicagoChicagoChicagoHome OfficeChicago