U N I VE R S I T Y O FCHICAGOmagazine£***#<mm m-1r\''V 4*,\&> <* S^ih-l"7 *At Bell Telephone Laboratories, mathematician Sidney Darlingtonhas contributed notably in developing the art of circuit analysis....It is essentially a thing of the mind for it works through concepts, symbols andrelationships . . .it helps man to analyze and synthesize the complex phenomena of theuniverse and himself ...it ivorks in many ways to advance electrical communications:IT IS CALLED MATHEMATICSAt Bell Telephone Laboratories, mathematicsworks powerfully to solve problems involving complex data. Intriguingly, too, the mathematical approach: led to the invention of the electric wavefilter . . . disclosed a kind of wave transmissionwhich may some day carry huge amounts of information in waveguide systems . . . foretold the feasibility of modern quality control . . . led to a scientific technique for determining how many circuits mustbe provided for good service without having costlyequipment lie idle.For each creative task, Bell Laboratories utilizeswhatever serves best— mathematical analysis, laboratory experimentation, simulation with electronic computers. Together they assure the economical advancement of all Bell System communications services.BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEMI memo padFrom Providenceto Lob Angelesand backto the campusAlumni ClubsNearly 300 alumni and friends inNew York greeted University PresidentGeorge W. Beadle in the Hotel Roose-velt's Palm Terrace Suite on October25th.In the receiving line (from the left)were James M. Sheldon, Jr., assistantto the president; President Beadle;John F. Dille, Jr., president of theAlumni Association, who flew in fromElkhart for the occasion; and Mrs. andMr. Kenneth S. Axelson. Mr. Axelsonls president of our New York Club.Chester E. McKittrick, chairman of thefoundation Board, flew in from Chi-Cago to be present at the reception.In the "crowd scene" above, the easel"i tlie foreground holding the card youCan't read is advertising the Club's nextevent: a theatre party December 8thto see "Man for All Seasons." The>"oung man with the glasses (eyes and'eft hand!) is our New York officeErector, Ronald Sims.The day following the receptiontrustee David Rockefeller held a lunch-e°n in the University Club with President Beadle the honored guest.Prom New York the University party,'"eluding Messrs. Dille and McKittrick,Jnoved on to Washington. We told themlQ New York we were reversing thebend— opening the show in New York and then taking it to Washington.In the East Room of the MayflowerHotel over 150 alumni and guestsgreeted President Beadle at the cocktailhour. William B. Cannon, former director of development and now with theBureau of the Budget, is president ofour Washington Club and presided atthe reception. Earlier in the day Trustee Philip L. Graham, had a luncheonfor Mr. Beadle at the F Street Club.Other club events:LOS ANGELES, November 17-Eve-ning program, "The Nuclear Threat andCivil Defense," Leon Gome, SocialScience Department, the Rand Corporation.PORTLAND, OREGON, November 17—Dinner program, "Is there a Crisis inCollective Bargaining?" Professor Albert Rees, chairman. Department ofEconomics.MIAMI, FLORIDA, November 20-Evening program, "American Policyin the Far East," by Professor DonaldF. Lach, Department of History.SAN FRANCISCO, December 3-After-noon reception, "The University on theNile," John A. Wilson, Andrew Mac-Leish, Distinguished Service Professor,Oriental Institute.PROVIDENCE, R.I., December 4-Dinner meeting, "The City State," Dr.Sidnev Dillick, executive director,Rhode Island Council of CommunityServicesSAN FRANCISCO, January 27-Recep-tion for President George W. Beadle.Details in the January issue.84 years of University serviceTwo University staff members retiredat the end of October, each with arecord of over 42 years of service: MissMarjorie Etnyre and Miss EthelBishop, '18. After being graduated from Wisconsin, Miss Etnyre became secretaryto Edgar J. Goodspeed for two yearsbefore becoming director of Housing in1921. In 1953 she left Housing tobecome a selective service adviser andassistant director of the National Registration Office for the National Councilof Independent Schools under contractto the University— which positions sheheld until retirement.Her sister, Mabel Mather, precededMarjorie in the Housing Bureau andher brother-in-law, Colonel William J.Mather was formerly Bursar of theUniversity.Ethel Bishop, after earning herbachelor's degree in 1918, began a 42-year record as secretary to a series offour important men in the University'sbusiness offices: Wallace Heckman,legal counsel and business manageruntil 1924; Trevor Arnett, comptroller;Lloyd R. Steere, treasurer, and J. ParkerHall, present treasurer.December musicDecember 2, University SymphonyOrchestra in Mandel Hall playing Russian and Ludmila-GUnka; SymphonyNo. 88 in G Major-Haydn; The Walkto the Paradise Garden-De\ius; Polo-vetzian Dances— Borodin.December 8, New York Chamber Soloists in Mandel Hall ($2).December 9, The Madrigal Singers inBond Chapel.December 10, Christmas Oratorio,Chapel Choir and Members of the Chicago Symphony in Rockefeller MemorialChapel ($4).I listed the above more for its newsvalue than promotion. It suddenly occurred to me that you would appreciateknowing the University has a reallyexcellent student symphony orchestraof between 80 and 100 members as wellas other fine musical organizations. ButDECEMBER, 1961 1U N I VE RS I TY O FCHICAGOmagazine5733 University AvenueChicago 37, IllinoisMidway 3-0800; Extension 3244EDITOR Marjorie BurlchordtEDITORIAL ASSISTANT Rona MearsFEATURES3 The Revolutionary Era in which We Live3 The Implications of RevolutionaryForces for American Foreign PolicyHans J. Morgenthau5 Revolution and Nationalism in theMiddle EastLeonard Binder7 Images of the Middle East9 Democracy and Economic Growthand Planning — IndiaDavid HopperI I.. International Programs at the University13 A Historical Perspective on RevolutionsWilliam McNeill15 Football is Back!Ron Dorfman17 Your Child Prepares for CollegeEugene S. Wilson19. ..Admissions, 1962: The Year of the CatCharles D. O'Connell2 1. ...A Biographical Sketch of the Class of '6522 The greatest challenge of all —to be a Doctor24 Christmas in the University HospitalsDEPARTMENTSI Memo Pad16 News of the Quadrangles27 News of the Alumni31 Alumni Fund Campaigns32 MemorialsCOVERA street scene in Kabul, Afghanistan, photographed by Richard W. Gable while on atour of the Middle East. Further pictures byMr. Gable are on page 7.CREDITSCover, 7: Richard W. Gable; II, 17: PaulSchutt; 19, 24-25: Lee BaltermanTHE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONPRESIDENT John F. Dille, Jr.EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Howard W. MortADMINISTRATIVE ASST Ruth G. HalloranPROGRAMMING MaryJeanne CarlsonALUMNI FOUNDATIONNational chairman C. E. McKittrickDirector Chet LacyChicago-Midwest Area Florence MedowREGIONAL OFFICESEastern Region W. Ronald Sims26 E. 38th StreetNew York 16. N. Y.MUrray Hill 3-1063Los Angeles Mrs. Marie Stephens1195 Charles St.. Pasadena 3After 3 P.M.— SYcamore 3-4545MEMBERSHIP RATES (Including Magazine)I year. $5.00; 3 years. $12.00Published monthly, October throuqh June, by theUniversity of Chicaqo Alumni Association, 5733 University Avenue, Chicaqo 37, III. Annual subscriptionprice, $5.00. Sinqle copies, 25 cents. Entered assecond class matter December I, 1934. at the PostOffice of Chicaqo. III., under the act of March 31879. Advertisinq aqent: The American AlumniCouncil. 22 Washinqton Square. New York. N. Y. if you're interested in attending theOratorio vou should telephone theChapel music office, MI 3-0800. extension 3387.Three men before a portraitTHE PORTRAIT: Lawrence A. Kimpton, second Chancellor of the University.THE THREE MEN: (from the left)Glen A. Lloyd, chairman of the Board;Lawrence A. Kimpton, sixth titular headof the University; George W. Beadle,president of the University.ON THURSDAY, OCTOBER 12, anofficial meeting of the University'sBoard of Trustees was held on thequadrangles. Although the Trusteesusually meet in their Loop BoardRoom, there was this day an item onthe agenda which couldn't be actedupon off campus. Therefore more thanthirty members gathered in the greathall of Hutchinson Commons formallyto unveil a portrait of Lawrence A.Kimpton.Said Glen Lloyd (who suggested atoast to the man who didn't bring backfootball), "You have achieved a kindof immortality with this portrait. Noman ever worked harder in a greatercause."Suggested Lawrence Kimpton (whoproposed a toast "to our Alma Mater,the University of Chicago"), the picturelegend should read, "This was just anordinary man. He saw some thingsthat ought to be done and tried to dothem."Concluded President Beadle (whostarted the day as Chancellor and endedit as President, following a formal titlechange approved by the Board at itsbusiness session) ". . . the friendliestand most helpful predecessor a chancellor—let's say, now, a president— couldever have."The portrait was painted by distinguished artist Robert Brackman who,in attempting to portray Kimpton'srobed dignity, lost his warmth of personality.The Second CityI completely overlooked telling youearlier about the Los Angeles Club'sjam-packed theatre party at the IvanTheatre in Hollywood on July 12 tosee The Second City.As many of you know, this production, popular from New York to LosAngeles, was practically born on thecampus and the cast includes University of Chicago alumni.Our Los Angeles Club took over theentire theatre (370 seats) and had to turn alumni away. Before the sho^alumni from the cast met with Clubpresident, Elizabeth Roe Milius t0write in additional material about Aim"Mater, which brought down the housftof course. After the show they had "cast party.How's that for a change of pace frofljcreamed chicken and dinner speakei's'The new Club president is Norma11Barker, Jr., vice president of the Git)'Bank of Los Angeles.Re-runThe University Hospitals were ge''ting a head start on the Christmasfestivities. Words for the carol-singingsessions had been mimeographed whenthe alarm was sounded: someone ha"discovered that the final "g" was miss;ing in "Hark, the Herald Angels Sin.Two resignationsJohn I. Kirkpatrick, vice chancellorof the University, has resigned to be-come national director of planning f°'the American Cancer Society at the"national headquarters in New YorkCity. Mr. Kirkpatrick joined the University as comptroller in 1951 fi'0,riLehigh University, where he had beentreasurer of the university. More recently he was made vice chancellor byChancellor Kimpton.Henry T. Sulcer, vice president lotdevelopment, has resigned to becomea partner with Boyden Associates, Inc.executive placements, at 260 MadisonAvenue, New York. He and the familywill live in Short Hills, New Jersey,where they have purchased a nevvhouse.. ,H.W.M-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZlN^THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA IN WHICH WE LIVEThis program was designed as a special seminar to acquaint the membersof the Women's Board of the University of Chicago with a fieldof study at the University. Under D. Gale Johnson, dean of the Divisionof the Social Sciences, four faculty members presented seminars and lectures. Theladies were encouraged to prepare in advance with such preliminaryreading as Age of the Democratic Revolution, Robert R. Palmer; The New Society,Edward Hallett Carr; What Happened in History, V. G. Child; and CulturalFoundations of Industrial Civilization, John U. Nef. Here, for alumni areexcerpts from the lectures.The Implications of RevolutionaryForces for American Foreign PolicyProfessor Hans Morgenthau of theDepartment of Political Science traced theradical changes we find in our political,social and even moral environmentto three different kinds of revolutionswhich have occurred:1 First of all, a series of technological revolutionswhich have concerned the whole world scene:the revolutions of transportation, communications,and warfare. To give you one example, Sir Robertfeel Was Secretary of the Exchequer in the British^bmet in the '30s of the last century. At one pointne happened to be on a vacation in Rome, and wascalled back to an urgent cabinet meeting in London.«is travel time was exactly the travel time allowedJhe provincial governors of the Roman Empire towavel the same distance. During those couple of thousands 0f years you could travel as fast as a horsewould carry you and you could send a message asasJ_ as a messenger on horseback could deliver it.However, the most important and the most vitalchange in the field of technology has of coursefurred in the field of weapons. From the beginning°f history to the end of the second World War, therealways existed a rational relationship between violenceDECEMBER, 1961 as a means of foreign policy and the ends of foreignpolicy. A statesman could and did ask himself whether he could achieve what he sought by peacefulmeans or whether he ought to go to war. If he lost,then he hadn't lost everything and if he won, thevictory justified the risks taken. This rational relationship between violence as a means of foreign policyand the ends of foreign policy has been utterly destroyed by the availability of nuclear weapons forpurposes of foreign policy. Nuclear weapons are theinstruments of total destruction.2 The second type of revolution with which theforeign policy of the United States must come toterms is of a political nature. There are todayapproximately 110 "sovereign" nations in the world. Butthe great majority of those nations are not viablepolitical, military or economic entities— especially thesplinters or the fragments of the former colonial empires in Africa and Asia are no longer and most ofthem have never been, viable political, economic andmilitary units. There are only two nations left todaywhich perform the functions, at least in a certainmeasure, which governments have been established toperform: that is to say, to promote and protect thelives liberty and the happiness of their citizens. Theseare the United States and the Soviet Union. All theother nations can no longer pursue independent policies.At one stage or the other either they must stop pursuing their independent policies or they must rely uponthe support of one or the other of the two super powers.So we have today what is called a bi-polanzationof world politics in which two great powers, the onlytwo great powers left, oppose each other with theother nations either being associated with them inalliances or else trying to secure support from eitherside, or from both sides at the same time by remaininguncommitted.3 The third type of revolution you might call amoral revolution. Whichever of the two superpowers will be able to command the allegianceof the new and uncommitted nations in all probabilitywill have won the struggle for the domination of theworld. For if the Soviet Union were able to create anallegiance between itself and world communism on theone hand and the nations of Africa, Asia and LatinAmerica on the other, it would have as it were outflanked the United States and the Western world andit would have brought about an isolation of the UnitedStates which would be fatal certainly to the influenceof the United States in the world if not to its domesticinstitutions and to its very existence as a free democraticnation as well.This impact of the rise of new nations upon worldpolitics is of course intimately connected with thefact that the great challenge which the United Statesfaces in the Soviet Union is not only a traditionalpolitical and military challenge. The Soviet Unionrepresents a political philosophy which opposes thevalues of Western civilization and which seeks toattract the rest of the world to its values, its institutions, its form of parliament, and its principles ofeconomic and social organization.There are five great areas with which Americanforeign policy must deal, upon which these three revolutions have a direct bearing.The five great areas with whichAmerican foreign policy must deal:IWe have established for our own protectionand for the protection of the free world and forthe promotion of the values which we and thefree world have in common, a number of alliances whichgenerally, traditionally have been oriented toward military operation. I only need to remind you of NATO,and SEATO. In view of the revolutions to which Ihave referred, what tied us together with our allies —especially those in Western Europe — is something muchmore profound, much more organic, than a militaryinterest, limited in space and time. For the challengewhich all of us are facing — Great Britain, France,Germany, Italy and ourselves — is total in that it triesto supersede Western civilization itself with a new kindof civilization.It seems to me that the first task of the UnitedStates in this area is to create an understanding andagencies and policies which in their intimacy, in theirintegration, are commensurate with the totality of thechallenge we are facing. The objective necessities ofthe hour point toward an extension of the supernationalcommunities which have been created in WesternEurope through the whole of the Atlantic community,in order to make this alliance of nations with superficially divergent, but fundamentally identical interests,into a true community which is able to act and live in common and pursue in common the interests and valueswhich are of the very essence of their common civili*zation.2 As concerns our relations with the Communistbloc, the very issue which has disturbed thoserelations since the end of the Second WorldWar has been brought to the fore. What Mr. Khrushchev is aiming at as a minimum by raising the Berlinissue, is to compel us to recognize as legitimate, theconquest, which the Soviet Union made during WorldWar II. We have always refused to grant this recognition and now by raising the Berlin issue in an acuteand frightening form, Mr. Khrushchev is trying to forceus to recognize those Western boundaries or else torisk destruction in a nuclear war.So as far as a limited theatre of Europe is concerned,the problem which we are facing in our relations withthe Soviet Union is the traditional problem of recognizing the boundaries of one sphere of influence, of oneempire, or at least delimiting those boundaries so thatboth sides know where the power of one ends andwhere the power of the other begins. On a worldwidescale however, our relations with the Soviet Union arenot susceptible to any kind of negotiated settlement.For if one power tells you that "we will bury you" andthe other power refuses to be buried, obviously there isno middle ground between the two positions. We cannot make a compromise and say to Mr. Khrushchev,bury us only two feet underground instead of five, otlet our feet stick out when you bury the rest of us.In our relations with Communist China, the presentquiet is not likely to last. It is a mere by-product ofChinese weakness, but let 700-million-or-so Chinesecome into the full possession of the implements ofmodern technology, and we will be faced with a conflict of much graver implications than even the Berlinconflict of today. One of the great tasks Americanforeign policy has shunned primarily for reasons otdomestic politics, is to face the implications of ovtrelations with Communist China, not when the crisisis upon us, when we are faced with war — a self-destructive war or ignominious defeat — but when thereexists a certain normalcy, a certain quiet, and whenthings can be arranged much more easily without outside pressure and extreme risks.3 Obviously here it is only the results of thecompetition which will determine the outcome-If our system of government, the values of outcivilization, are proved to be more attractive than thoseof Communism, we will have won the struggle for theuncommitted third of the world. And if it is other wayaround, the Soviet Union will have won it. The dangerin this peaceful competition or half-peaceful, half-wai*'like competition lies in the temptation of the losingside to try to retrieve its fortunes by going to war*If we or the Soviet Union should clearly lose thecontest for the uncommitted nations of the world, #one after the other of the uncommitted nations shouldgo over to the other side— if Cuba should be followedConcluded on page 2$4 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETHE REVOLUTIONARY ERA IN WHICH WE LIVERevolution andNationalism in the Middle EastLeonard Binder, Associate Professor ofPolitical Science, who has just returnedfrom the Middle East, found a patternand logic to the "irrationality" ofPolitics in that area:Max Weber had the notion that there are threemain kinds of political authority, three main kinds of*egitimacy: traditional, rational, charismatic. Charismatic is a word that is going to be important for us3n dealing with the Middle East. A traditional author-*ty is essentially related to a religious order; in apatriarchal system, closely tied up with kinship. Arational order actually refers primarily to a bureaucratic order, rational in the things that it does. Charismatic involves the break between a traditional orderand the coming bureaucratic or rational order; the^ansfer takes place through the charismatic authority,^'hich is by its very nature temporary and representsthe revolutionary period. What is charismatic authority? It is based on the personality of the individual^ader, the special qualities, maybe the fatherly quality of this leader — a Kemal Ataturk, Gamel AbdelNasser, Mohammed Mossadegh, who will somehowsave the country from the despair in which it findsJjfelf and will point a direction for development, fordignity, for power, in the future. And after thischarismatic leader has accomplished his task, we may**ave the consolidation of this change, a new stablePattern of legitimacy perhaps, a constitutional regime,Pe*haps a totalitarian regime; but somehow or other this charisma is routinized, so it can be passed onfrom the leader who cannot continue.This is an interesting kind of idea and leads us toconclude that there are two simple theories that canapply to the Middle East and to the revolutions nowgoing on in the Middle East.You sense that some kind of change that is not veryvisible is going on in the societies in the Middle East:in the society, in the culture and to some extent inthe political structure, in the sense of who has power,who tells whom what to do, and who can press thegovernment for greater benefits. Along with this therehave been certain political activities with a rather highvisibility. These are characterized by outbreaks ofviolence, rapid change of government, rapid changeof constitutional form. They rather fit in with thepoint of view that the violent period in revolution ismerely an expression of irrationality in political activities. It does not help you on the road toward politicaldevelopment or political change, toward bringing intobeing the new state of affairs which you so earnestlydesire. I am compelled to repeat a little parable.It's the story of the scorpion and the frog: Thescorpion having an earnest desire to cross the SuezCanal, but being incapable of swimming went to thefrog and asked the frog, would you mind Mr. Frogif I would hop on your back and you swim across thecanal so that I can get to the other side. The frogsaid, oh no, Mr. Scorpion, I won't do that becauseyou'll certainly strike me dead with your stinger. Thescorpion said, oh no, that's very foolish. If I did thatto you then we would both drown. Well, the froghesitated, and the scorpion urged, and finally the frogsaid, okay, hop on my back, and the scorpion did soand the frog moved out into midstream crossing theSuez canal, and up went the scorpion with his stingerand bang, he hit the frog. The frog turned around ashe was dying and sinking, and said, now why did youdo that? You forget, Mr. Frog, the scorpion said, Thisis the Middle East.In 1958 a group of Syrian politicians went to Cairoand begged President Nasser to accept Syria in aunion with Egypt in the formation of the UnitedArab Republic. Now, in 1961, Syria breaks away fromDECEMBER, 1961 5this union. This seems to be great irrationality. Whydid they originally join with the UAR, and if we canfind any sensible reasons and there are some, are thesenot contradicted by whatever rational reasons we canfind for the break with the UAR, and there are somereasons for that as well. We have another case in thebehavior of the peculiar Mohammed Mossadegh ofswooning fame — but actually a very cagey politicianand a very interesting man, who is a member of anaristocratic family and one of the largest land ownersin Iran. Certainly not representing modernization,change and revolution, he had been put out by thefather of the present Shah in the political wilderness,came back during the occupation of Iran by the alliedpowers, and immediately threw himself into politicalactivity, much I believe, to get even with the Shah,the son of the Shah who had caused him so muchdifficulty — this upstart who had no aristocratic background, who was the son of a sergeant! But in orderto do this, he undid the whole aristocratic point ofview for which at heart he probably stood and therefore acted the scorpion. The frog didn't quite die.There is something like this in the relations betweenSudan and Egypt. The Sudanese demanded their freedom from Britain, so that they could unite with Egypt.The party that was most effective in achieving independence from Great Britain was the most vigorousin demanding union of the Nile Valley. When theywere granted independence they changed their mindsand they weren't much interested anymore in unionwith Egypt. There are explanations of course, but itcertainly appears to be very irrational.In the Lebanese "revolution" of 1958, many traditional leaders appeared to act in the same manner.That is they could certainly not benefit by a union ofLebanon and Egypt; their interest was tied up withtraditional social structures, with a tribal following, orreligious following, or the villagers who worked upontheir lands or in territories which they dominated bytheir groups of armed retainers. Yet, some of thesewere the ones who engaged in the attack on theLebanese regime. The consequence of the success ofthis attack would certainly have been the incorporationof Lebanon into the United Arab Republic, and obviously the ending of any traditional influence thatthese people might have wielded in the past. Theywould no longer have been able to count on theirarmed retainers, they would no longer have been ableto oppose their own co-religionists or the co-religionists of other leaders. The basis of their power, thebasis of their ability to make a revolution, would havebeen gone. There was an explanation of this, thatthose in revolt had been cut out of seats for theparliament in the previous election and in order toget back in they had to depose the president and makesure he didn't run a second time and have new elections. Look at the possible irrationality in this move;they endangered the very existence of the state whichthey wanted to dominate.These suggestions about irrationality in the MiddleEast seem at first to us to suggest that the story ofthe frog and the scorpion is an adequate analysis ofMiddle Eastern politics. The changes and progress we don9t seeBut first we want to look at the other part of ourtheory about revolution in the Middle East and thatis at the less visible changes that are going on, at thechanges which seem to have some kind of an impactbelow the political level, but on the social structureand on the possible social connections between peoplewhich will lead them to have greater power or lesserpower. First let's look at the peasants.Under imperialist government, in Iraq, in Jordan,Palestine, Syria, there was a process of land settlementand a tax system. One of its by-products was to weakenand in some cases destroy the institution of commonland ownership in certain villages. In some villages,though the land might be registered in an individual'sname, or names it actually belonged to the wholevillage jointly and they engaged in a kind of cooperative agriculture. Common land would be divided up,every year with each person getting one part of thebetter land and one part of the poorer land. Theinstitutions of the village were greatly weakened byland settlement policies.There was a shift especially in Egypt but spreadingthroughout the Middle East from subsistence crops tocash crops. The farmer himself became a participantin a cash economy. He needed money, he learned hoWto use money, he learned how to borrow money, helearned how to get into debt, but he didn't learn hoWto pay his debts, and he could not increase his resources for paying the debts and often lost his landas a consequence.Let's look at the tribes. The tribes have always beena cause of disorder, insecurity, disruption of the normalprocesses of government in Middle Eastern countries.There's always been tension between the settled peasant working his land, providing either cash for taxesor grain for taxes to support the established centersof authority, and the tribesman who lives under hisown tribal authority, defies the government to catchhim if it can, and comes in and raids whenever thecentral authority becomes weaker. Government hasbecome stronger, government has traditional resourcesand has new weapons it can use against tribesmen,and having little sympathy for the tribal way of lifeor for the tribal economy decides that tribesmen shouldbe settled down and should become farmers. It takesa little time for a tribesman to settle down and act likea farmer and think like a farmer.What about the landowners that one hears so muchabout and are now on the run with land reform legislation existing in Egypt, Syria, Iran, and Pakistan aswell. They were the dominant political group. Theywere the ones with whom imperial powers dealt. Butin point of fact, in most Islamic areas one can find *turnover in the families who owned land. This occursby a regular revolving door change of rulers. NeWrulers send out new tax collectors who reorganize thetax system and these are usually subordinate membersof the new military group in power. What's the consequence of this process? They at first are simply taxcollectors and they push out the old land owningContinued on pafl* "6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEIMAGES OF THE MIDDLE EASTRichard W. Gable, AM'48, PhD'50, took these photosand literally thousands of others just as good during thetwo years, 1955-1957, he and his family spent in Iranand the Middle East. The top left two: a residentialstreet and "supermarket" in Kabul, Afghanistan; belowthese a Tehran, Iran barber; the other two: scenes inCairo, Egypt. On the faculty of the School of PublicAdministration of the University of Southern California,Mr. Gable was serving at the then Institute for Administrative Affairs of the University of Tehran (thisInstitute is under contract between the InternationalCooperation Administration and USC). Now on a sabbatical with the Agency of International Developmentin Washington, D.C, Mr. Gable will be leaving forPakistan in February to join the USC team in Karachi.His recent publications include being editor of the May,1959, issue of the Annals of the American Academyof Political and Social Science on "Administration ofTechnical Assistance." ¦&ECEMRER, 1961 7group. After a while they ask that their sons be permitted to inherit the right to collect taxes and takeoff the cream and give the balance to the centralgovernment. After that they demand ownership rightsand pretty soon the ownership rights are pretty wellestablished. Two or three generations may pass, thena new revolving door military revolution, a new taxsystem is established, a new military group becomeslandowners. Some of the old manage to hang on andyou will find that land owning families of prominencein the countryside sometimes go back five centuriesand sometimes go back five decades and yet will claimequally to have some sort of aristocratic backgroundand power in the political system.Also, landowners have compounded by their behavior as landowners the problems of the peasantthat we've already seen — through absenteeism, throughravaging their agricultural holdings, to finance urbaninvestments, and not reinvesting in agriculture, improving the land or their tenants' lot. In Syria andto some extent Egypt, there has been some changetoward entrepreneurship in agriculture. New agricultural machinery combined with new possibilitiesof irrigating the land or of engaging in what's calleddry farming — in which you depend only on the smallamount of rainfall that may occur— have created avery small class but a very interesting class of capitalist style agricultural entrepreneurs. They lease tractsof land, get big machines, combines, tractors and soforth and plow these areas up and have returns withincreasing yields that have contributed to the prosperity of Syria. Unfortunately when they proceeded todepend on dry farming, there wasn't enough rain inSyria for three years, and these were the same threeyears that Nasser was imposing his social revolutionon Syria. The elements and the politics combinedin bringing about the recent separation of Syria fromthe United Arab Republic. In Egypt there has beena similar movement of some entrepreneur-minded agriculturists to reclaim land; under existing law, theycan hold as much of it as they can reclaim, for 25 years.Other traditional groups were the military, the bureaucracy, and the clergy. These too have beenchanged. The military and the bureaucracy have beentrained in Western techniques. Their jobs are nolonger hereditary, presumably their advancement isbased on merit and they have set salaries; they do nottake fees from the people for whom they do services.Many of the things that are now done by an extensivebureaucracy in the Middle East were formerly doneon a sort of partisan basis by individual members ofthe clergy: registration of documents, witnessing tovarious things, acting in the function of a lawyer, allof these things have been lost to the clergy. They havelost therefore sources of income. They have lost asource of prestige. And, in addition, there are new professional classes and technicians who demand power.There is modernization and, as one important political manifestation of modernization, the growth ofthe mass media and the importance of propaganda inthe Middle East. There is the mobilization of resources for industrial development; successful or unsuccessful, the resources have been mobilized and thesearch is on for new resources. There is the mobiliza tion of popular attitudes, mass movements, mass reaction, sometimes in the city streets. There is a kindof balancing attitude in international relations preyingon the bipolar conflict between the United States andthe Soviet Union for whatever benefits it may receive.None of these long term trends can be termed irrational. These people are trying to cope with verydifficult circumstances of lack of resources, a verydangerous outside world, of a people which is stillvery much in tradition but which is beginning toawaken and which has the capacity for lending greatstrength to new government.Rationality and irrationalityWhere does the scorpion come in? How do we explain the peculiar way in which Middle Eastern politicians behave? Unrefined, this irrationality occursonly where exponents of a traditional point of view,or members of traditional classes find opportunities touse the new political forces that have been let loose bymodernization. If it is possible for a charismatic leader to capture a mass following and in so doing todestroy the traditional basis of the state, so may someindividuals be driven to do this with the misguidedidea that they will thereby preserve tradition. Mossadegh I think can be understood precisely in this manner. When the chips were dcwn he would not doanything that would finally make the break with tradition, but he thought that he could make use of thenew political forces to accomplish the things that hehad in mind: to reestablish, I think, the hegemony ofthe Kajar dynasty. Yes, the dynasty which ruled beforethe present one. Without such a temptation, the thingshe did dont make any sense and we'd have to fanback on the scorpion theory.In Syria the one who touched off the union of Syriaand Egypt by going to the Soviet Union and requesting assistance — finances and arms — was a right wingtraditional landowner who was opposing a left wingreforming nationalist and radical group that was thenin power. In order to preserve what he thought wouldbe a traditional political structure in a dominance oflanded groups he was ready to play ball with theSoviet Union. To save Syria from possible Communisttake-over the left-wing radicals went to Egypt.What can we expect in the Middle East in view ofthis situation in which we're at the point of breakbetween the old and the new? One direction is control by a military group. This always exists in severalstates. The military will impose strict administrativeand security control and if there are sufficient numberof resources and if they have good sense and goodwill, they will be able to make the transition to modernity and maybe even to democracy. Today there areonly dictatorial regimes based upon a military elitewith wide urban support. There is no important tendency toward democracy as yet.What's the alternative for those states that have notyet succumbed to the pattern of the Middle Easternrevolution? The alternative, if we could make ourConcluded on page 2^8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETHE REVOLUTIONARY ERA IN WHICH WE LIVEDemocracy and EconomicGrowth and Planning— Indiabavid Hopper, Assistant Professor inthe Departments of Economics andAnthropology and an expert on Indianaffairs listed the problems he seesand foresees for India:Unlike the Middle Eastern cultures, India has hada very long period of time in which to shape andsharpen its own culture. Hindu culture is about 35hundred years old and it's in this very ancient contextthat we place the revolutions which have occurredtoday.Fundamentally Indian society was built upon twoPillars, both of which had high religious sanction, andboth of which provide the philosophic foundation forthe life of the people. One was the caste system— this^uch maligned, really unusual feature, unique in itsformal terms to India. But basically the caste system^as very similar to our own division of labor in thissociety. Each caste represented a particular laborgroup. There were a priestly caste, priests and teachers;a royal and noble caste, who supposedly held the secular power of the society. Then there were a series°f sub-castes, who were barbers, potters, weavers,carpenters, blacksmiths, earthworkers, agricultural labor, cow herders, milkmen. The unique feature aboutthe caste is that there was virtually no way out. Ason of a blacksmith was a blacksmith. He married thedaughter of another blacksmith, their children wereblacksmiths.Now, this is a hopeless situation, and I can see the oldPhilosophers being concerned about it. And so thecaste system was bolstered by a system of reincarnation, of death and rebirth, known as karma. Under the system of karma, it was generally believed that ifyou performed well at your alloted station in life, thatis if you were a good blacksmith, then you would getmoved up in the ladder at your next birth. If youdidn't perform well, were a trouble maker or didn'tlike blacksmithing or didn't pay attention to your jobor committed the other sins of the society, in the nextlife, the chances were you'd be born a snake or a dogor somebody who has a rougher life than a blacksmith.Now this is an important feature: the resources andthe responsibilities of the upper castes increased. Allthe low-caste individuals really had to do was theirjob, to know the job and do it. The lowest in thishierarchical scale of castes were just expected to plowand to dig earth. This is a fairly simple operation.The noble who held the secular power of the societyalso held the land, also held the money, the wealthof the society; it was his job to organize these low casteworkers so that the society was able to produce itseconomic product. His job was that of the entrepreneur if you wish, he was the organizer of laboractivity. The priest and the Brahman was the law giver,the teacher and the person who officiated at ceremonies. If he was really very good, very wise, veryintelligent, very unassuming, had a great many of thevirtues that we ascribe to our own Christian saints,non-material in his outlook, concerned for the welfareand well-being of his fellow man, and so on, theBrahman could escape the rather irksome cycle ofdeath and rebirth and death again, and be united withGod in some form of Nirvana. This was the out andthe aspiration of each man.This was an authoritative system. Basically the jobof each man was to so integrate himself into his socialstatus, to follow the laws as laid down by the Brahmanpriests on what he should be doing at his relativeposition in the society, and hope that the next lifewould see him a leg up. It's true, they recognizedgood blacksmiths I imagine from poor blacksmiths, butgenerally, the achievement principle which is one ofthe keystones of our own system, was just not here.This, society managed to survive an incredibly longtime.It underwent no change until about the middle otthe 19th century. The British replaced the MoslemsDecember, i96i 9in the 18th century as the holders of India and thehistory books read, had in the early stages, very littleimpact upon the society. Then slowly the traditionalsociety began to crumble. I think its crumbling can berelated to four distinct aspects which the Britishbrought with them.The first were British courts and British laws. Thesewere the British common law and while the Britishcourts made great efforts to try to settle land disputes,to handle the various matters of justice within theframework of Hindu law, nevertheless they were British judges who did the dispensing, not the Brahminicalpriests. And the British judges were very much influenced by the 19th century developments in theWestern world, of laissez faire and the rise of our owndemocratic principles, and their judgements tended toreflect this aspect of their own philosophy rather thanthe traditional Hinduism. Where the matter becamemost important was the question of land disputes.Under the old Hindu system, a disputed piece ofproperty was usually settled by the elders of the village or if it was a matter the elders couldn't settle,then it was taken to the local Brahman priest, whoheard both sides of the case and rendered his judgement. All these judgements by both the Brahman andby the elders of the community rested upon a veryintimate knowledge they had of the community. Theyknew whose chunk of land it was. The British howeverbrought with them a set of land laws which were quitedifferent. The land laws essentially did not reflectcommon property ownership such as you had in theold Hindu system, but they did reflect the names ofindividuals on deeds and titles. And these becamevery important. The sharp Hindu found that he coulduse the British police protection to get himself a pieceof land if somehow or other he could get his name recorded as the owner of that land.The second thing that the British introduced waseducation. There is nothing more devastating to atraditional society than educating their young membersin some other tradition. The young come back and say,"you're old fashioned Dad, I just can't go along withyou." They were educated with Locke and Hume andAdam Smith. They were educated within the democratic tradition, the laissez faire tradition of Englishuniversities, and Dad was still back here in the traditional era wondering what on earth had happened tohis children who had gone against the gods of theirfathers.The other thing Western culture provided was medicine. The community which I know best, has 2300people today; it's on a thousand acres. In 1890 therewere 900 people in this village on the same thousandacres. If you ask these people what is the biggestproblem, they'll tell you: too many people. And theylook back upon the 1890's and remember big feastsand land not in the same kind of dispute that it istoday, and say, "that's when we were better off." Themedicine affected the death rate; it did not affect thebirth rate.The fourth item Western culture provided was economic progress. We brought mills, first of all textilemills; then we brought textiles from the English mills,cotton goods, and flooded them onto the Indian mar ket at low prices . . high quality material, relative to thehomespun they had always had. But, there werecastes of weavers, of spinners, persons whose veryoccupation depended upon clothing the society, andwhat could these people do to compete with Westerntechnology? They were forced back on the land. Theblacksmiths are feeling this now with modern tools,modern implements in demand instead of the sicklesand plows they used to make. The carpenters arefeeling it, those who are now in cities in modern Indiawith access to power and power saws. Caste after casteafter caste became disfunctioned and was forced backupon the land or upon the charity of the society itself-Present-day India faces many problemsWell, what do we have today? A revolution in thefield of law; a revolution in the field of education, withthe development of brand new ideas, whole new outlooks, new concepts of right and wrong; a revolutionin the field of medicine, medical care, we now savehundreds who died before; and a revolution in thefield of economics that disfunctions large blocks, largenumbers in our society.The educated men came home and founded politicalmovements as might be expected, political movementswhich first of all said to the British, "get out, we wantto run things ourselves, and we want to set it up as aWestern democracy." But the young people who actually gained this kind of education are really a verynarrow elite. And they are the ones who assumed thepower in the new society. The great masses were muchslower to move. After all, the village still was thehome, and still is the home of 70 to 80 percent ofIndia's very large population. The village economicstructure is still dependent upon the interaction of thevarious castes with their skills. That is, somebody sstill to plow the land, to dig the fields, to plant thegrain, to harvest it; there's got to be somebody tosharpen the sickle. It is still necessary for those whohave the resources, who have the land, to somehoworganize production and distribute the product. Andthey still are handling it in a traditional manner.There is democracy in India today. They hold elections, they vote. They vote parties in, they haven'tvoted any party out yet, but the majority of the congress has been slipping. But the real question thathas to be raised is how much of democracy is in factan attitude, an acceptance, a willingness on the partof individuals to make decisions and accept the responsibility for the decisions which they make. Thisis something that this society didn't do in the past;decisions were made by the top of the hierarchy. Thetop of the hierarchy really has been relatively untouched.It's in this kind of environment that economic growthi«? supposed to take place. It's in this kind of environment that economic growth in fact must take place nIndia is going to remain within the Western camp*These people have a very strong desire for more frosting on the cake. They want bicycles — automobiles areConcluded on page 1210 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEINTERNATIONAL programs at the University arebased on area studies such as Far Eastern, Slavic orSoutheastern Asian regions, and on interdepartmentalcommittees which do comparative research and correlate the knowledge from the area studies.One of the several inter-disciplinary committees ininternational programs, the Committee for the Comparative Study of New Nations analyses and comparesthe social, political, administrative and economicchanges associated with the development of new nationsin Africa, Asia and the Middle East. (A new nation isdefined as any state which has arisen from colonialstatus since 1945, with emphasis placed on India andnew states in Africa, and Southeast Asia.) No degrees are offered by the committee; it is primarilyengaged in research in which faculty members, postdoctoral fellows and graduate students cooperate.Other international program committees for comparative study are the Committee on InternationalRelations, the Center for Economic Development andChange (and other programs in the Department ofEconomics), the Center for Comparative Education,and programs in the Law School on comparative lawand international law.While a wide variety of area studies in internationalprograms are conducted on campus, the major concen tration is in the Russian and Slavic, the Far Easternand the South and Southeastern Asian regions. Russianstudies at the University date back to 1905 when theywere introduced by Samuel Harper, son of the University's first president, William Rainey Harper. Sincethen there has been a gradual expansion of the Russianand Slavic studies, culminating recently in the formation of a Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures.STUDIES of die Far East involve diverse departments such as anthropology, geography, history, religion and medicine and are coordinated by the Committee on Far Eastern Civilization formed in 1950. In1953 die Committee on South Asian Studies wasfounded, and now 27 faculty members from a dozendepartments are included in the program.A recent $63,000 grant from the Carnegie Corporationis to be used to aid the College in its non- Westerncivilization education. The aid will support teachinginternships, publication of course materials and non-Western civilization exhibits. Four introductory coursesof a year in length on the civilizations of India, China,Islam and Russia are now offered to students in theCollege. ¦INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS AT CHICAGOA gathering of some members of the Committee for »h« Co;"P°'a';veStudy of New Nations, reading from left to right: AIDAN SOUJHALLvisiting professor of anthropology, sociologist at the ""'versify Collegeof East Africa, specialist in African social systems; NUR YALMAN, anthropologist from Turkey and Carnegie Study of New Nations post.doctoral fellow, working on a book on contemporary Turkey; LEONARDBINDER, associate professor of political science has done nwrii*Iran, Pakistan and the United Arab Republic; KAMPTO UTOMO, v.sit.ngprofessor of sociology and Rockefeller fellow, from the Un,ver»,ty ofIndonesia faculty, specializing in rural sociology; MORSE LISSAK, Car-negi. fellow and graduate of the University of Jerusalem where heworked with S. N. Eisenstadt, studying military organ.zat.ons of newstates; CLIFFORD GEERTZ, associate professor of anthropology, is writing Social Control of Economic Deve/opmenf, and editing a collection ofthe Committee's seminar papers, has done field work in Indonesia;LLOYD FALLERS, associate professor of anthropology, chairman of FordResearch Committee on Africa and Middle East, acting chairman of theUniversity's Africa program, and acting chairman of the Committee inthe absence of Edward A. Shils (now at King's College, Cambridge, wherehe has a joint Cambridge-University of Chicago appointment); SHIRLEYCARtSON, secretary of the Committee; GAIL KELLY, doing research onGhana, has a PhD from the University and formerly taught at Reed College- DONALD LEVINE, on Ford Research Committee fellowship, haswritten a book on Ethiopia, and will return there soon to a new U.S.-sponsored university being founded at Addis Ababa; JAMES T. SIEGAL,a Carnegie pre-doctoral fellow, preparing for field work In Indonesia.DECEMRER, 1961 11still beyond them, in the wildest dream — but they'dlike to have bicycles. They'd like to have more of thefancy new cloth that feels so good and wears so long;they'd like to have shoes. They'd like to have manyof the accouterments that the elite brought back fromthe West with them. And which were never part oftraditional India. On this there is unanimous agreement.How to get the frosting on the cake is the area ofdisagreement. The competition here is clearly betweenIndia's method and China's method. And you findthat for a great many of the Indian masses, the ideological struggle itself that we picture and which Professor Morgenthau talked about, has in fact very littlerelevance or meaning. They are still part of a paternalistic, rather authoritarian society. Most of the masseshave not forsaken the religion of their fathers; theystill believe in karma, and the upward movement; theirjob is to subordinate their own individual desires tothe desires of the society. When we say "but thinkof freedom, think of individualism, think of the rightto do what you want to do which you don't haveunder a Communist system," they say, "but I don'tknow that we want to have it here either." Mr. Nehruis a confirmed democrat. He has around him manyother confirmed democrats. They believe very stronglyin democracy. The question is how do you get democracy to work in a traditionally authoritarian society?There are grounds for pessimismNow I foresee two really basic problems which Indiafaces. One, it is a fact that unless something is doneabout India's population explosion, that country is notgoing to make it. I don't think any amount of foreignaid, or any amount of their resources can really changethis picture. I'm particularly pessimistic about thefact that India in the last census, the 1961 census, had30 million more people — that's almost ten per cent —more people than we thought they would have by ourpopulation projection.The third five-year plan attempts to do somethingabout population but as usual one can expect thatthe health measures are getting roughly ten times thesupport that the population control measures are getting. India's trying to move into the control field, butat the same time, she wants to expand and extend herhealth measures. The health measures can be justifiedby the fact that this will increase the productivity.There is nothing worse to productivity than a mansuffering from malaria, +T and it's the eradication ofmalaria that many of these health measures are designed to handle. But there is great doubt on my partthat the health measures are in fact going to adequatelybalance in productivity, the reduction in death ratethat will result from stamping out malaria.The problem in India seems to be the maintenanceof democracy and getting the traditional order, thetraditional villages to work. On this I think the planning commission has been struggling manfully. Therole of the planning commission will be defined byseveral of them in many different ways. Every onemember of the commission on Monday will have one answer as to what his role should be, the answerswon't correspond; and if you go back and ask the satftfman on Tuesday, he'll tell you something different.And it's really very hard to picture any philosophyof planning except that there is the common philosophythat India has been a paternalistic society in whichdecisions are made at the top in which people belo^expect decisions be made at the top, expect things tobe done for them. They expect to be told what to doand this is what the planning commission does. Unfortunately it hasn't always been too successful in this*Indeed the planning commission is dedicated to theconcept of a plural economy, that is, an economy*which contains both the public sector, or a very largenationalized element of industry, and a private sector.I think by the third five-year plan the planners havefinally found out that in the last two plans, the privatesectors have considerably over-shot their targets oninvestment and output; the public sector has laggedconsiderably behind. The Indian philosophy and thephilosophy of most of Asia is that there is nothingwrong with governmental monopolies, that the realevil lies in private monopolies. I think we may havea break-through that will allow the release of considerable entrepreneurship which I think exists in thesociety.Professor Binder spoke about the charismatic leader,the charismatic revolution or the charismatic stagein a revolution. This is basically what you have i*1India. There was Gandhi, then Nehru. I have a verypessimistic feeling about India — after Nehru, what.The pessimistic feelings really arise from two reasons,one is the population question. The second has beeflthe trend of the power of the traditional sectors otIndian society to make themselves felt. India recentlyhas gone through a political reorganization of the nation along linguistic lines. Now there are some 14different languages spoken in India. The Englishheritage to India, was the railroads and the Englishlanguage. The English language enabled them to talkto one another. The political elite use the Englishlanguage and if you're going to be part of the politicalelite in India, the power group, you have to speakEnglish.The linguistic state movement is a divisible thing-What they've done is reformed state boundaries, alonglinguistic lines, and each state is now going to conductit's own state legislature in the vernacular tongue otthat given state. The political elite against this aredoing their best to establish a modern society, a modern nation and indeed inculcate nationhood in a country that has never been as united as they are today-The villagers would like very much to just be leftalone — "if the government would just leave us alone,we could get along by ourselves." The governmentsreaction is "yes, but if we leave you alone, what areyou going to do, the Brahman will be back in charge*and you will be exactly the same village as you werebefore the revolution." The villagers said, "that's fine?that's fine, that's what we want to be, we want to behappy, we want to settle our own disputes." It *sthis kind of play that is limiting economic growth #India, makes planning difficult and indeed may causethe fragmentation of the society. 012 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETHE REVOLUTIONARY ERA IN WHICH WE LIVEA Historical Perspective on RevolutionWilliam McNeill, Chairman of thedepartment of History, has spent fouryears on a major volume of worldhistory. Taking a long view of thehistory of man, he threatened to "cuthts predecessors down to size:99I would suggest in the largest context of the humanadventure there are three landmarks— three revolutions—which in their scale and scope are to be corn-Pared with that through which we are living. Thejirst will take you back a long way when our prehuman ancestors abandoned trees. A second when manbegan to reshape the natural environment, select andUse the elements found at hand, developing agriculture, domesticating animals, turning what had beenhunting and collecting into a food-producing economy,along with enormous expansion in numbers, building^Uages, making a pattern of life: that of the farmer,disciplined by the seasons, by the absolutes of theleather. This has constituted the fundamental frameof human life until perhaps even the present, certainlyUntil the day before yesterday.And the third revolution is that in which we aren^W: moving away from the agriculturally definedrhythm of life into something that will be built around^e modern life of good cities, of factories and all theService and multitudinous occupations and statuseswhich developed industrial society must have and willProliferate.The images of desperation which Mr. Morgenthau'srejnarks recalled so vividly to our minds and whichy°u can read every day in the newspaper, are real,but then, catastrophes have always lurked just overthe shoulder of every man who has ever lived —and I mean that quite literally. I mean the sort ofCatastrophe which happened time and again to a village^hen horsemen came up over the horizon, killed every-body in sight, then ravished the grain fields— perhapsa few survived, a few got away, a few recovered fromtheir wounds, and they picked up again and went on,but the village as it had been was gone. But perhapsa decade later, a century later, perhaps a thousandyears later, a village occupied the site. This has been{he texture and substance of human life throughouthistory.Let me then turn to a more detailed anatomy of theModern revolution. There are two ways that strike me as plausible to describe what I think is happeningin the world today. My terms may seem rather paradoxical to you, perhaps contradictory, and certainlyold-fashioned. But nevertheless, I think they are— Ithink they are true, to be quite blunt.One way would be to say that we are witnessing therise of the West— understanding by West, the civilization of Western Europe as expanded and developedthrough recent centuries. A second way, an alternative way, would be to say we are witnessing theprogress of reason in human affairs. Now^ this maysound indecently optimistic, but I think it's not implausible.There are fairly distinct pulses to be seen in theprocess by which what once was a rather parochialway of life in the remote parts of the Eurasian continent, northwestern extremity, grew into the world-girdling irresistible civilization of the 20th century. Onewould be Medieval Europe, with its political organization balanced between a universal church and intenselylocal, feudal principalities and towns. This was brokenthrough by the two movements known in history asRenaissance and Reformation and matured into something that I would like to call the Old Regime, whennation-states, monastic states, organized the resources,the power, the manpower of Europe, and broughtEurope to a level above that of any of the othercivilizations of the old world. It entirely eclipsed theIndian civilizations of Mexico and Peru, but did notentirely overwhelm the Chinese, the Indian, or theIslamic. Then with the 1776, perhaps 1789— the American and French revolutions— a new epoch of thedemocratic revolution in politics and the industrialrevolution in economics. Now this "West," expandedgeographically to include not only the Americas butalso Russia and its extensions into Siberia, reduced theother civilizations of the world, the Chinese, the Indianand the Islamic to helplessness, before the guns, thegoods, the organization and also the ideas swarmingup so'incredibly richly, so incredibly rapidly from theEuropean, Western core.It's as yesterday that the old civilizations, the fourfold balance between the European West, the IslamicMiddle East, the Indian partially-Hindu, partially-Moslem sub-continent, and the Chinese-Japanese civilization of the Far East was crushed. These four non-Western civilizations did not lose their habits, customs,and prejudices, but their autonomy. They no longerare masters of their own fate in the sense which theyhad been before 100 years ago. And the rapidity theagility with which these peoples have attempted toimitate, to surpass the- West is one of the keynotes otDecember, iwi 13our times: in industrial technique, in political technique, in the ideas and ideals which men focus totheir lives, and in the scientific ideas which they hopewill provide a basis for the technology which alonecan make them powerful and great and the equal ofthe great Western nations. Only in the aesthetic andliterary zones is a conservatism, a reliance upon theold traditions, the pre-Western traditions still plausible,and in religion. In these areas the West has no clearsuperiority over the ancient civilizations of the OldWorld.The second — progress of reason. Now as I say, inan age when Freudianism is the substance of everydayconversation, when we know that we are irrational inmany of our own actions, and when we look about theworld and see other peoples at least as irrational as weare, it may seem naive of me to say that we can plausibly look at the revolution of our time or the revolutionsof our time as summed up in "the progress of reason."Yet I do feel that to be true. Take for the momentthe extraordinary career of natural science — a monument to human reason, disciplined by the rigors ofmathematical logic, and experimentation. Science hasaccomplished understandings and technological andtheoretical penetrations which have no parallel inearlier times. Or, consider the perhaps somewhat lessspectacular — because it's not measured in technologicalapplication — but just as exciting creation of the evolutionary, the historical, the time-oriented developmentalview of the world. This is perhaps a peculiar creationof the 19th century, in which not just human lives butthe structure of the universe, the stars and galaxiesare seen as having histories, as developing over a time— an unimaginable length of time, the geological timein the evolution and development of the earth, theevolution of life, the history of humanity going backto the pre-human stage from which I started theseremarks. This is a vision of the world which has theuplifting quality of magnificence, of intellectual excitement, of understanding which men have just not beenable to achieve before.The age of reason in human affairsNow in human affairs, human reason has found farless success than when applied to technology. Thegreat landmark here it seems to me is the effort inaugurated in this country in late 1776 to make government over in the model of human wish and intention,the democratic revolution. Government is not as hasalways been supposed before — something divinely instituted whose character is handed on down becauseit is, because God willed it so — but is and can be thecreature of man's imagination, will, desire, intelligence,reason. Conservatives and liberals spent the 19th century beating one another over the heads on the question of whether the American and French revolutionssucceeded in making better governments than hadexisted before traditionally or not. The fact that governments can be changed has proven all too self-evident. In our own time the Russians have beentrying to do something which seems to me to carry on14 one step further this notion of the maliability of humansocieties, susceptibility to rational control; that is, theyopened up with their revolution deliberate engineeringof social and economic institutions, practices. TnUnited States and other countries of the Western worieare rapidly following suit by inventing a whole seri(f.°ipractical controls over economy and over society whicrestrict very much the play of the market and individi^property rights, and so on, as they were known, twor three generations ago. Movement in the West ithis direction is certainly more humane than that iRussia but it does seem to me that the limits witniwhich we attempt to manipulate our collective ta^are expanding in this country not far behind whathe Russians did in 1917, 1930. The Russians bega*it on a police basis. The planned economy, the se^goals of production and achievement and the reswhich came to us in a rush in the second World Waand have become more and more the staple in the colwar, have a suspicious family resemblance. Now this ivery optimistic, but it seems to me that the graduareconciliation in the 19th century between liberals an^conservatives may possibly indicate that in the neXhalf century or so, the political economic order in tincountry and the political-economic order in Russia*may become more like one another than at presen^This doesn't mean that we are going to agree with on^another; unfortunately it may mean we are just betteable to fight one another. tDemocratic revolution if you date it from 1776 is n°yet 200 years old, and the socialist revolution, Coirmunis t revolution, is not yet half a century old. *^however weak, the reed of our thinking, rati°n.tscapacities, human reason has won its victories — and ienormous victories— in the past two, three, four hu ^dred years which we should not discount, which yshould not forget and which we should, I think, adrnir^The study of history unfortunately cannot tell us wher^we are going in the end, nor even what might transpi^tomorrow. It can give a new perspective, correct sort^of the immediate alarms and excursions with which onnewspapers liberally deck their front pages, and vjfixing attention on longer range trends, may givesomewhat more optimistic view of what is happeningaround us. That is, if I am right in suggesting th*the world is seeing the progress of reason at an u^exampled pace, and seeing the enrichment of mankinthrough the industrial revolution again in unexampie ,fashion, both of these add up to enhancementhuman power, power in the largest sense of that wor >over inanimate nature, also of man over man, con^centrating more and more power in the handshuman beings. Power which in its nature is neutra^may be used for good or may be used for evil an^here it seems to me that individual human choices awell as those mass choices which are more oltereferred to in political or in sociological or in nistor^Ldiscussion, always count, even if infinitesimally. *Vall share in some degree rather in the exercise of tn>enhancement of human powers. Wielders collective 7of power undreamed of even by our grandfathers, vvare in some sense victims of our power, prisoners ^our power. But potentially also the masters of tn&power.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZlN#FOOTBALLIS BACK!(and in a newshade of Maroon)written for the Maroonby political science majorRon Dorfman, '62'RED' TEAM INVADES UCCHICAGO Maroon, Oct. 6-Od'in! Dva!Tree! Chetir'e! Hike!Football is back! Dissident elementson campus, dissatisfied with the lack ofgood clean fun" among the campusradicals, have revolted and organizeda "left-wing" football team.Known provisionally as the "flyingBolsheviks," the group will use thoroughly unorthodox tactics. Among otherinnovations, they will call signals inRussian. According to a well-knowncampus politician who asked not to beidentified, they will also change traditional football nomenclature. The endswill be known, respectively, as left-wing extremist and right-wing extremist. Center position will be held by amember of the Young Peoples' Socialist!eague (YPSL).A backfield shift will be known as a'change in the party line," and huddleswill be referred to as "caucuses." Wing-backs will be known as "deviationists."At a secret meeting to plan strategy,the team decided that Trotskviteswould be allowed on the team only forthe execution of sneak plays.The team will refrain, on principle,from using the Statue of Liberty play.This will be replaced by the "Lenin- Stalin mausoleum" play, involving the"withering away" of the opposingteam's morale.Cheerleaders will not lead cheers;instead they will picket the oppositestands. Uniforms for the cheerleadersare black stockings and green Harvardbags.New recruits are being discouraged,according to the group's spokesman."We already have 25 guys and the firstbig purge is in order."BOLSHEVIKS FALL TO FINE ARTSCHICAGO Maroon, Oct. 20-The opening game of the season saw the FlyingBolsheviks succumb 26-6 to the savageonslaught of the Fine Arts Quintet plusTwo.For ceremonial occasions at halftime,the humanities division entry was dubbed the Anti-Party clique of Rightsand Trotskyites."We lost because we relied too heavilyon T-formation," said "Uncle" Joe Steel-man, coach of the Bolsheviks. "Becauseof the composition of our team we hadan unbalanced right wing.""Hell," said a Fine Arts spokesman,"they lost because of their internal contradictions."John Angeles, assistant director ofintramural sports, ascribed the FineArts victory to the "modern dancing inthe backfield. They just stunned then-opponents with their grace and agility."In the midst of shouting and chanting from the stands (see photo), whichwere heavily loaded in favor of theBolsheviks, the Fine Arts team stoppedthe play in progress and began shoutingback at the stands the famous University high school cheer:Aristode, Aristotle, sis, boom, bah!Plato, Plato, rah, rah, rah!Aquinas, Aquinas, he's all right,Come on Fine Arts, fight, team fight.The Bolsheviks termed this "reactionary formalism" and the stands screamedback, "Thesis, antithesis, synthesis!"In other developments on the left-wing football scene, word has reachedChicago that the University of Wis- CHICAGO-HARVARD-1939consin Socialist club has formed a teamwhich has been playing in the UWintramurals.The Bolsheviks have offered a challenge to the Socialist club, and it isexpected that the two teams will meetat the site of the next regional meetingof the National Student association.BACK IN BIG TEN orSOCIALISTS CHALLENGEDCHICAGO Maroon, Oct. 31-The University of Wisconsin Socialist club hasaccepted the challenge of the UC's ownFlying Bolsheviks to participate in thefirst intercollegiate left-wing footballgame.The Badgers, however, have splintered, and rival factions have fieldedtwo teams. Both the Maoist Maulers(yours for a fuller UN) and the NewLeft non-violent leaders (peace at anyprice) have asked the Bolsheviks toaccept their credentials.Bolshevik leaders refuse to commenton which Badger team they will play.The Maoists are reputed to have thestronger of the two teams due to theirpolicy of "quarterback democratic centralism." The New Leftists submit allplays to parliamentary debate.Should the Bolsheviks decide to playthe Maoists, they will have to contendalso widi the divisive techniques of theMaoist second string, the AlbanianShepherds.In recent encounters, the Bolshevikshave lost to the Med school team (theAMA Butchers) and resoundingly defeated the capitalist pigs in the Business school.The kept press has been noticeablysilent about the activities of the Bolsheviks. However, approximately twelvecollege papers have picked up theMaroon's scoop on the organization ofthe team one month ago.ROSE BOWL NEXT? orCHAMPIONS OF THE WESTCHICAGO Maroon, Nov. 7-A 20-yeartradition of athletic apathy was shattered Sunday as the Flying BolsheviksDECEMBER, 1961 15trounced the University of Wisconsin'sMaoist Maulers 34-0.Cheering throngs of placard-wavingpoliticos on the Midway reminded somelong-time Hyde Park hangers-on of thedays when visiting delegations fromMadison and other Big Ten campuseswere common."It's nice," said a grey-haired womanin tennis shoes, "that the younger generation of campus radicals has such afeel for tradition."Tradition verging toward sentimentality was much in evidence as rival cheer-leading squads evoked the shades ofKautsky, Luxembourg, Trotsky, andStalin to spur their teams to greatereffort.Dick Merbaum, star quarterback ofthe Bolsheviks, was confident of theoutcome even before the openingwhistle. "They're really demoralizedabout the desecration of Stalin's tomb."he said, as Bolshevik cheerleaders, waving their shoes in the air, shouted "Weshall disinter you!"The Maoist rooting section respondedwith frenzied cries of "Six hundredmillion can't be wrong" and "Crushthe Khrushchevites!"The Bolsheviks carried picket signsin Russian. Thomas Riha, chairman ofthe course Introduction to RussianCivilization, when asked whether theBolsheviks were at least using correctRussian grammar, said, "I don't knowabout their football, but this team iscertainly doctrinally pure."Halftime festivities commenced as aunited front, both teams joining in thesinging of "The People's Flag." However, the inevitable factionalism brokethrough the thin veneer of intercollegiate working class solidarity whenMike Parker, formerly executive secretary of the Student Peace Union and amember of YPSL (Young People's Socialist League) snarled, "Let them killeach other off, so the working classesmay at last find peace."Discussing his team's success, Bolshevik stalwart John Kim commented,"With their bucolic bourgeois government up there they were, expectedly,weaker. Coming from a strong proletarian atmosphere, we had a naturaladvantage which we never lost. If ourenvironments were reversed, we wouldhave still won, however, because wecheat."At the game's conclusion, the twoleftist factions joined in an unusual display of solidarity. Showing greatcamaraderie the teams loudly sang the"Internationale," first to the tune of theMarine Hymn, then yielding to thedemands of traditionalists and using theconventional melody. U16 NEWS OF the quadranglesADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES-TheUniversity's Board of Trustees hascreated three new positions in the administrative staff and changed the titleof the University's chief officer from"Chancellor" to "President" in a reorganization of the administration. Thenew posts created are: Vice Presidentof the University, to be Dr. Lowell T.Coggeshall, who had been vice president for medical and biological affairs;Vice President for Administration, tobe Ray E. Brown, formerly superintendent of the Universitv Hospitals;and Special Assistant to the President,John T. Wilson, who joined the staffin October after serving as head ofthe biology division at the NationalScience Foundation. Other positions inthe President's immediate administrative staff remain unchanged.The title of the University's chiefwas changed to President, largely because although there have been University vice presidents recently, therehas been no president for more thanten years; not since Robert MaynardHutchins held the title Chancellor, andErnest C. Colwell served under himin the position of President.Another innovation is a newly pavedwalk across the circle to replace themud where in the past visitors andcampus personnel have "beaten a path"to the administration. The paved walk is designed around a new flower be''is lacaiiiiicu. aiuiuiu « n^t» ""¦ »* — .in the circle, all part of Preside"Beadle's plan "to make the campumore generally beautiful."RETIRE TO WORK -William #¦Zachariasen, dean of the Division °Physical Sciences, has resigned his pOto devote full time to research. **has been dean since March, 1959, »non the faculty at the University sine1930. He served twice as chairman °the Department of Physics and habeen professor of physics since l^4 'Mr. Zachariasen is currently doing research in crystallography, the study °the crystal structure of substances. **has spent much of his life investigatingmetals with x-ray beams to determ"1their atomic composition. _ .Walter L. Palmer, one of the origu*eight faculty members of the SchOof Medicine, is retiring from his p° ,as Richard T. Crane Professor ° >Medicine. For the present he will cofl"tinue with the University in an exo**1'tus capacity, remaining active asclinician, teacher and clinical investigtor. An authority on gastro-intestinadiseases, Dr. Palmer has held the Cranechair since 1954 and has been on thefaculty in this specialty since 192 •As a leader in American medicine, V ¦Palmer has held five top offices in ma]°professional societies.Plans for a new 100-bed children's hospital tobe built at the University, are viewed here (leftto right) by: Dr. Lowell T. Coggeshall, Ray E.Brown, and Mrs. K. Trees Livezey, president ofthe Home for Destitute Crippled Children. The two and a half million dollar hospital will '*place the Home, and Bobs Roberts Hospital f°Children. Preliminary plans call for three P*'tient floors all connecting with Chicago Lying-'Hospital, and laboratories above.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZlN^your child preparesfor college*IN OT long ago, the head of a large testing agency, d college educated parents of college bound stunts : "Enough is now known about evaluating indi-Vldual abilities and achievements so that any parent^lo really wants to may view his child as the child willDe viewed by the college."Now this advice seems to be sound and simple. AfterT> y,0u do receive regular reports from schools on yourcWld's achievement in each subject. National agencies^nich offer standardized tests provide with the indi-'^ual test results a manual of interpretation, so thaty°u may know not only your child's scores, but how"ese compare with state or national groups of students.You and your child can also discover through ma-erial in the school guidance office information on the!ange of test scores in freshman classes at many col-leges.In spite of all this information, you can't think as an^mission Committee thinks, you can't outguess an^mission Committee, and if you try you may exposeVour child and yourself to needless disappointment.This counsel to think as an Admission Committeethinks reminds me of the advice I received once in adeer hunting lodge on the night before the opening°* the deer season, when a veteran deer hunter explained to me that "the way to get a deer is to think**£ a deer." His elaboration of this philosophy wass° convincing that I asked and received permission tohunt with him the next day. What a time we had! Hestudied the wind, the ground, the trails, and then he^plained to me how with such weather conditions™e deer would probably do this. He stationed me on0ne old log and he went in another direction.To make a long story short, I heard a lot of shooting"Copyright 1961, Editorial Projects for Education, Inc.*U rights reserved.December, i96i UNIVERSITY COUNSELOR ADVISES PARENTS AND STUDENTSAT THORNTON TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE NIGHTEUGENE S. WILSON, dean of admission atAmherst College, and president of the Association of College Admission Counselors, herepoints out parents' responsibilities in preparing their children for the experience of college:around me; I saw a few deer killed by other hunters,but the expert and I never saw a deer. Apparentlysome deer were thinking as humans think.Here are some of the reasons why you can't think asan Admission Committee thinks:1. Admission Committees act differently each yearaccording to the quantity and "quality" of applicantsand the needs of the institutions involved. The everswelling host of candidates has brought rapid changesin admission standards at every institution.2. The weight given marks and test scores variesso much among institutions that even veteran schoolcounselors hesitate to make firm predictions on individual cases. I have heard admision officers for Yale,Wellesley and Harvard state that test scores do nothave the importance they once had in selection procedures. The reason is that at the most popular institutions too many candidates look alike when measuredby either marks or test scores.3. You can't know from year to year how muchweight admission committees will give to certain otherfactors: i.e., school and geographical distribution, extracurricular achievement in art, music, drama, sports orcommunity service, and occupational choice (someinstitutions limit the number in a class who want medicine, engineering, math or science).4. You may be able to understand the strengths andweaknesses of your college bound child, but you can'tknow the quantity and quality of the other candidatesat the college chosen by your child. At co-educationalcolleges girls often meet higher competitive admissionsstandards than boys — and within a university someschools have higher entrance requirements than others.Whether your child is accepted or rejected at anycollege depends not only on his credentials, but evenmore on how his credentials compare with those of theother applicants.17What then can you do when you want to help yourchild prepare for college — when you want to guideyour child to an institution that will stimulate himfully?There is only one safe workable program regardlessof your child's test scores, his marks, or his otherachievements. This is a program that introduces yourchild to the mysteries of the world and to the excitement of discovery. This program should be started assoon as your child begins to talk and read.Most children are born with a full measure of curiosity. They want to know what is going on about themand, as you know, the early vears are filled with"What?" and "Why?" and "Where?"If you have the time and the patience to answer thesequestions, you will nourish this curiosity that is thetap root of all learning. Only the curious learn.Your child wont be many years old before you willencounter the first question you cant answer. You canshrug your shoulders and say, "Go away and stopbothering me." or "I don't know." or "Let's find out."If you have the time and patience to lead your childin his probe of the unknown, in his search for knowledge, you will encourage the maintenance of a habitof inquiry. You may also rediscover for yourself thefun of learning.But this nourishment of curiosity means that amother cannot be too occupied with community affairs,social teas or bridge parties, and that on some mornings she may have to leave the beds unmade or thedishes unwashed until naptime, and Dad may have tomiss a golf game. Priorities must be established.Today there are so many forces working against thedevelopment and maintenance of curiosity in a child,forces like the radio, television, the automobile andhundreds of sporting events. All too often curiosityis throttled by spectatoritis, by parents who are toobusy, and even, alas, by the rigidities of the schoolsystem and the desire of teachers to cover a certainamount of material so that students will do well ontheir tests.J.F you want to help your child get into a college, youwill always be aware of what your child is studyingin school and especially what he is reading. Yourreading will supplement his reading and your learningwill mesh with his so that you will be in a positionto stimulate his further learning by your answers to hisquestions. Learning becomes even more fun when itis shared by all members of the family.The child who is a natural reader presents no greatproblems. If your family includes a non-reader youhave a special problem, but one which can sometimesbe solved by introducing him to books which feed hisnatural interests. A librarian will help you select bookswhich deal with baseball, with the mechanical world,with birds or animals, and, later on, books on electronics, chemistry, music or art. Once your child haslearned the fun of reading in the field of his specialinterest, there is a chance that he can be led into anexploration of other fields.You may wonder at this point why I have said nothing about marks and test scores. The omission o»these two tyrannies is intentional. When learning lSin its rightful place, marks and test scores follow learning. Today so much emphasis is placed on the difficultyof winning admission to college and on the importantof tests and marks that all too often marks and testshave become the goals of learning rather than theby-products. When marks and test scores are madethe primary target of learning, real learning is lost.The school report cards give you an opportunity t0place marks in proper perspective. Instead of asking"What did you get?," try, "What have you learned?It is up to you to de-emphasize the marks and tesscores and to help your child focus on reading, writingand learning. An approach like this as preparation f°rcollege helps your child to understand that learningis something he does where he is and that all abouhim are people and books which will help him learn*Under such a program your child will see that hisunderstanding of the world does not depend on whetherhe is in Boston, or in San Francisco, or in Yankton, buton how much advantage he takes of the opportunitiesaround him. If your child is reared in this manner,neither he nor you will worry about whether he getsinto Harprince, Dartyale or Calford, but only that hegets to a college where he can talk to teachers, wherehe can read books, where he can work in the laboratory*And now you may want to say, "Yes, but he maynot get into a good college. He may not get into thebest college. He may not get into my college." Actuallyno one knows what a good college is. No one knowswhich colleges are best. Harvard does have moregraduates in Who's Who than any other institution, butconsidering the human material that has poured intoCambridge, Massachusetts, from all over the world forcenturies, why doesn't Harvard have twice as nfianVgraduates in Who's Who as it does? Harvard couldbe doing a very poor job educationally and yet seemto be the top educational institution because of theintellectual drive and ability of the students who g°there.The head of the Department of Religion at YaleUniversity is not a Yale man. He came from DakotaWesleyan. The head of all health services at Harvardis not a Harvard man. He came from the Universityof West Virginia. The former president of Princetonwas not a Princeton man, but a graduate of GroveCity College in Pennsylvania. The misery and tortureof today's college admission comes because parentshave taught their children to think that learning is amatter of geography; that learning can take place onlyin certain institutions.The wise parent who has created in his child a desireto learn will approach the whole problem of collegeadmission with one philosophy: "Go where you can getin, my son, and know that a great opportunity awaitsyou to discover more about people, more about ideas*more about things — more knowledge than you winever master in the four years you are in college."When this approach to college admission is taken byan entire family there can be no heartbreaking lettersin the mail, no crushed egos, nothing but delight at anyletter than brings news of acceptance, news that anadventure in learning lies ahead. •18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEADMISSIONS 1962 :THE YEAR OF THE CATNEW STUDENTS GATHER AROUND AN ORIENTATION BOARD MEMBERCHARLES D. O'CONNELL, University of Chicago director of Admissions and member ofthe executive board of the Association ofCollege Admission Counselors, writes fromthe point of view of an admissions man, andTHE expert on the situation at Chicago:1969rr s yJ^mi may some day be recalled in the historyot college admission as the Year of the Cat. For, aservous as the feline proverbially is, she is a model of_omposure alongside the youngster applying to collegeo 1 L.1"62' And' Paradoxically enough, if the teen-agery knew it, college admission committees, the veryPeople he thinks are responsible for imposing onmerican youth a new form of national neurosis, aret ernselves displaying some of the same skittish symp-ti ms- Admission men across the country are now inb e,Process °* exchanging their smiles of relief, inducedyl ^ass 01 ®5> now firmly tucked away, for nervousah A °^ aPPrenension as they contemplate the yearto li ^le reasons f°r tms gingerly cat-like approachcollege entrance on the part of both applicant and^mission officer are not hard to find.Chicago, for instance, the candidate is keenlyto trT *at 1961 saw the largest number of applicationsthe College in the past fifteen years. He has heard,least, that the Committee was tougher than ever,«itiejected two National Merit Scholarship winners,ha ri t^le tota^ numDer of students denied admissiondoubled in the past three years. Each applicantDECEMBER, 1961 is nervously contemplating his chances. Some have afurther concern; if admited, can they afford to attend?Virtually these same considerations, ironically enough,keep Chicago's Admission Committee awake nights. Farfrom sitting back serenely and waiting for the pile ofapplications to grow higher and higher before theybegin their job of screening, they are out in the hustingstalking to school counselors, principals, and interestedseniors, searching for qtialified candidates in almostevery state in the Union.And their dreams are filled with questions. Will therecent rise in tuition discourage good candidates? Weare painfully aware that we can only select the bestfrom among those who applij, and the first decision inthe admission process, the decision to file an application, is out of our hands entirely. Secondly, we arefaced this year widi a new admission schedule. TheCandidates Reply Date (the date by which most colleges by common agreement ask students to accept ordecline their admission) has been moved forwardalmost an entire month to May 1 and decisions willconsequently have to be announced early in April.The deadline for filing applications is January 15.Will there be time to cull the applications thoroughlyand give each candidate the attention he deserves?And, finally, will we end by accepting the verystudents who will elect to go elsewhere, and rejectequally good students who would have leaped at thechance to attend Chicago, had they only been admitted?Admission has a strong element of Russian Rouletteattached to it these days and an increase or decline ofa few percentage points in the student acceptance rate(as distinguished from the College's decisions) canmean more students than the College can house--orempty beds and empty classrooms. The Hilton Hotelchain could find some experienced and battle-scarredmanagers in the college admission field. . .19On the other hand, it is well to remember that thevery uncertainties of admission to college today — yes,let's make it admission to Chicago — are a product of theeffort by admission officers to judge candidates to theCollege on the basis of their total achievement andtheir total potential as students and as prospectivemembers of the College community. There are manyyardsticks for making the judgment and it is becausewe try to make use of all of them that the judgmentbecomes complicated — and not always predictable. Itis tempting to put aside all the yardsticks but one —say, the candidates' aptitude, as measured on a splendidobjective examination, the Scholastic Aptitude Test. Or,ignoring that, the even more reliable yardstick, thesecondary school record. Using either of these or both,and ignoring the qualities that are less easily measured— motivation, creativity, intellectual curiosity, health,self -discipline, and so on — we could introduce into theadmission operation a degree of security and predictability to gladden the heart of the most conscientiousweather forecaster. We could announce, for instance,that applicants with scores above 650 on both theverbal and mathematical sections of the ScholasticAptitude Test would be admitted; those below wouldnot. Taking refuge behind our IBM machine, we couldthen defend vigorously and lucidly every decision. Andthe student would quickly learn the rules and knowwhether to apply or not.No more nervousness. No more uncertainty. Therewould be security for the student — and apparent security for the College in that its students would all havetested in the top ten percent of college-bound studentsin the country. And, indeed, the Admission Committeecould resign and take up more fruitful occupations.Actually, a case can be made and has been made forjust such an admission policy. But most faculty members, most students, and most parents would agreethat the results would not be happy for either thestudents or the College. Teen-agers refuse to be soeasily reduced to statistics and the proven correlationbetween test scores or even high school record andproductivity or creativity in later life is simply too lowfor us to adopt them as the single basis for an admission decision. It would be absurd to deny them firstplace; it would be wrong to grant them sole occupancy.And so instead we continue each year to tackle themore difficult task of selecting a class by appraisingthe candidates as the infinitely complex human beingsthey are: a composite of their school records and testscores to be sure (these above all!), but also a composite of all those intangibles that defy translation topunch cards. As a result, we inevitably make mistakes.Our mistakes are sins of commission; rightly or wrongly,we think they are less serious and no more numerousthan would be the sins of omission wrought by amechanical, single-standard admission policy.If this is the case, what can be done to reduce theinsecurity and unpredictability of the admission operation? To be specfic, what is the College doing tocommunicate fairly and openly with the candidates tothe Class of '66? For it is only by candid and realisticcommunication between the candidates and the Collegeand between the candidate's school and the Collegethat a measure of reassurance can be introduced. First of all, of course, the Early Decision Plan is tb«most obvious answer. This Plan allows for a studentwho knows at the end of his junior year of school thathe wants Chicago, to apply and receive his decision #the early autumn of his senior year. About ten per centof next year's class of approximately 600 has thus al*ready been admitted. These students can step out o*the "rat race" and concentrate their energies in theirfinal year of school on their studies — no easy task thesedays. Nor does Chicago restrict Early Decision tothose it anticipates will be "A" students in the College-Indeed, these are the very candidates whose anxietyabout college admission probably least needs to berelieved by a favorable Early Decision. We welcometheir applications, but the Committee on Admission Isalso more than willing to admit under the Early Decision program a reasonable cross-section of the class-It will, obviously, not admit early an evident "risk." Onthe other hand, the experience of the last three yearshas been that candidates admitted under the EarlyDecision program have actually improved their academic work during the senior year. And we are convinced that the single-minded motivation of sucncandidates — their determination to gain admission tothe college of their single choice ( in this case, Chicago )— serves them well. Not only do they do well in theirsenior year of school, having been assured of admission,but they continue to do well in the College.Second, the College attempts to paint as clear *picture of its freshman class each year as words andstatistics will permit — and to put this "class profile" i*1the hands of school counselors, parents, and studentsto enable them better to gauge a candidate's chance otsuccess in the current competition. Several tables fromthis year's "profile" are here reproduced; a copy of thecomplete report is available upon request to the Officeof Admissions. This comparatively recent innovationat Chicago is perhaps the most sensible and realisticcontribution we can make to a meaningful dialoguebetween the candidate (and his high school) andChicago.Finally, more and more candidates to Chicago arevisiting the Quadrangles. Here they can not only takecare of the required admission interview ( and, if theirfolder is complete, often get a reasonable estimate ottheir chances of admission), but they can learn mo*eabout the College, its classes, its House life, and itsstudents than any catalogue can ever tell them.X HIS year some additional clarity is required in thecommunication between the College and the candidatein the area of financial aid. Effective with the AutumnQuarter of 1962, tuition will be $300 higher than atpresent: $1410 for the academic year. Whereas Chicagoranked 108th among American colleges and universitiesin its tuition costs last year, it now ranks in the top50 — unless, as is almost inevitably the case — the raisesat other institutions have left us in much the samerelative position. Nonetheless, the cost of attendingChicago without some outside assistance is now beyondthe reach of the great majority of American families*CONCLUDED ON PAGE 2*20 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEA BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE CLASS OF 1965VOLUME OF APPLICATIONSTotal completed applications I911Admitted : 1071X56%)Matriculated 573 (54%>An additional 156 candidates filed for admission to the Class but were discouraged from completing their applications when a preliminary reading of part of their credentials clearly revealed that their special field of interest was notavailable at Chicago or that their academic qualifications could not merit serious consideration Candidates who withdrew their applications before a Committee decision was reached are also not included in the figures.SECONDARY-SCHOOL RECORDD.str.bution of Matriculants bv Rank in Class Distribution of Matriculants by Grade-PointNumber Per Cent - Average (4.0 = A, 3.0 = B Etc.)1st 10th 430 ' 75 Number Per Cent« ;« I:::::::::::.. « » »« =::::::= ::: j» «3d 10*h 23 4 £ 52 g 36 fi4th 10th 17 3 2.0-2.4 13 25th 10th 11 2Bottom half 6 1 Below 2.0 1SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE TEST MEAN SCORESSome 50 members of the Class of 1965 matriculated under the Early Decision program, and 15 under the Early EntranceProgram. Junior scores were employed in their admission. If the following averages were based on senior scores forthese students, who make up 12 per cent of the Class, the Class averages would presumably be somewhat higher.Verbal MathematicalEntire class 646 645Men 640 665Women 657 611The 1911 candidates to the Class had the following average scores: V, 628; M, 624.DISTRIBUTION BY SCHOOLSNumber of Schools Number of Students Per CentPublic 327 486 85Private 60 80 14Foreign 7 7 1The largest number of students matriculating from any one school was 12. Students matriculated from 36 states and*e District of Columbia, the largest numbers being from Illinois (201) and New York (81). Seven students wererrorn foreign countries.SCHOOL HONORS AND ACTIVITIESActivities and honors are of course considered by the Committee on Admissions in evaluating the character and personality of the candidates and in weighing their prospective contributions to College life. While the following table no?°ubt reflects valuable diversities in the Class, it has perhaps little counseling importance except in conveying a generalllripression of the Chicago student body.Honors ActivitiesValedictorians 61 Student government 263National Merit Winners 11 Student publications 300National Honor Society 409 Varsity athletics 19bIllinois State Scholars 118 Debate 14bStipendiary 78 Musical groups 219Honorary 40MISCELLANEOUS. There are 362 men and 211 women in the Class of 1965. Fifty-seven, or about 10 per cent, are sons or daughters of^mni. Over 90 per cent of the Class will live in the College Houses; the remainder are those living with their families.F%> or about 9 per cent, were admitted under the Early Decision program. Fifteen were Early Entrants.December, iwi 21After all, as recently as 1959, only 5% of the country'sfamilies had incomes of $15,000 or more a year.The College is determined that the education itoffers will not be restricted to those few who canafford its costs. There is a tradition at Chicago of abroad-gauge student body, intellectually tough andalert, as free of snobbery as it is of foppery, drawnfrom every economic and social level, selected only forits qualities of excellence. This tradition will be maintained, in spite of rising costs. The financial aid budgetof the College, both loans and gift assistance, will beincreased proportionately to guarantee it. The goal ofthe financial aid program of the College is to assurethat no able student who is admitted and who remainsin good standing will be deprived of a Chicago education because of financial need.o.rNE very tangible example of the College's dedication to this goal of a healthy "mix" among its studentsregardless of their economic background, is the SmallSchool Talent Search that we have been conductingfor the past two years. Under the provisions of thisprogram, selected rural public high schools with enrolments of fewer than 800 students have been asked tonominate candidates to the College. If accepted, thestudents' financial need has been met. Twenty-sevensuch students are now in the College in the Classes of1964 and 1965. At least half of them had no plans toattend college at all until they were "discovered" bythe Small School Talent Search. The program is butone example of the kind of talent searching in whichthe College is interested. The increase in tuition willnot affect the expansion of these programs, but a greateducational effort remains on the part of Chicago andits alumni to spread the word that the College isinterested in all able students rich or poor.Finally, perhaps some word of clarification is neededin a very special area of communication, that betweenthe College and the applicant who is the son or daughter of an alumnus. We are always ready to give specialconsideration to alumni children who are ( 1 ) qualifiedfor admission, and (2) have a genuine preference forChicago. Not all alumni children should come toChicago—for their own sake — but the qualified alumnichild who applies and who has genuine interest in aChicago education will be given the opportunity to try.An unqualified alumni son or daughter will not beaccepted when it means turning down someone elsewho is qualified. But we are acutely conscious of theloyalty to Chicago that this group of applicants possesses and the strength it adds to the College and tothe University. For the alumni child who applies, it isnot, in other words, the famous Murphy's Law thatapplies: "All other things being equal, you're boundto lose."And so we face the Year of the Cat. Perhaps, however, clearer communication in admission matters canintroduce a note of lightness and surefootedness, alsoamong the proverbial characteristics of the feline, tothe relationship between the College and its candidates,its alumni, and the schools. All of us in the AdmissionsOffice stand ready to help. ¦22 GREATESTCHALLENGE^TO BE A DOCTOBFor students contemplating a career choice*medicine is yielding its once preferred pos^tion among the professions. Special Medico1Conferences at the University Hospitals err*aimed at winning back some of the best stu'dents.OhOULD I go to medical school?" In the b^three years there has been a growing concern tb*not enough qualified young people are asking themselves this question. .Writing in the Journal of Medical Education toryear, Hutchins and Gee noted "a slow and consisteddecline over a period of 150 years in the percentageof college graduates entering the practice of medicine-They observed that "A century ago medicine, law, *nthe clergy constituted the intellectual community;Today competing occupations and professions dra98 of every 100 college graduates, leaving only *Wper cent to medicine." And some of these competingprofessions offer very real rewards. Consider physi<*>a field of seemingly ever-growing prestige, a field #which four years of graduate study (a PhD) generallyprepares one for a career, a field in which the studenis frequently literally paid to study.After four years of medical school, the medical stU'dent must spend from one to six years in internshipand residency or fellowship training, or a total of nVto 10 years of graduate education, before he is reao7to practice. Moreover, the average medical student b^to pay more than twice as much as the average gr&duate student for his education ($4,000 for four years omedical education leading to an MD as compared *$1,800 for a four-year PhD program in the arts °sciences). This meant that among medical studengraduating in 1959, 32 per cent had debts exceeding$2,000, and 17 per cent had debts over $5,000. Ahe^of them were still their years of internship and residency, iMore statistics (this time from Whiting, Powers anDarley, the Journal of Medical Education, this year/."About 50 per cent of the medical students receivsome form of stipend income during their medic*jeducation, in contrast, 61 per cent of the arts anscience graduate students receive stipend income." Tn*5THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZlN^jtference pales before their observation that "The"laical students who receive stipend income from any¦°urce or combination of sources receive an average"r about $500 per year, or $2,000 during their four-yearPe,nod 0f medical educaton. The average arts andCl.ence student who receives stipend income is pro-Sfl i nn with rough]y $2»000 Per year> or no less than\x?i° °Ver a four-year period of PhD training."Where does the money for a medical education°me from? From work, loans, stipends and from theRents' families. In the above study, it was observedtIlat "Almost four times as many medical studentsReived help from their families as did arts and sciencegraduate students. Those medical students who dideceive such help received 50 per cent more in dollarjalue of help than was the case with the graduate["dents." Parents of medical students are no wealthier"'an parents of any other group of students. Why did£ey fork over ... and often at a real sacrifice tothemselves? Because their son or daughter said 'I needthe support.'Also, a medical student is more likely to be marrieda»d have children: more financial troubles, more pressure to get settled in a lucrative business. Dr. LowellCoggeshall once told a group of high school studentsvisiting the University Hospitals to learn about thestuay of medicine, "By the time you will have finished"jedical school, internship and residency, you will bed0 years old and have two and a half children. This isan average figure, of course."Who are to be the physicians of the future!' AtChicago this is not considered an idle question. Societyand the law grant unusual privileges and place unusuaresponsibilities upon physicians. Dr. Joseph Ceithamlclraws this picture of the ideal medical applicant: ane*ceHent student who is also a personable, service-rented, broadly-educated individual of transparentintegrity, intellectually gifted, physically strong, emo-"onally stable, and whose motivation for the study otmedicine is both strong and self-inspired."Will there be enough of these highly talented candidates in the future? Are there enough today? Hutchmsand Gee state that "To maintain the intellectual abilityot the physician at the level equal to the majority ofPresent-day medical students, this physician must bem the upper ten per cent of the population in general fa ^lawst '¦ V1<d 1^ 'm-DR PETER V. MOULDER DEMONSTRATES TEMPORARY HEART-LUNGSUBSTITUTION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AT CONFERENCE.ability: Thus we find that the physician who serves apopulation of 753 people would in fact have beendrawn from only about 17 of these individuals." Theother professions will demand a share of these 17 high-ability people; and working against these demands willbe the fact that not all of these people will realizetheir capabilities to the fullest extent.It is clear from the statistics that there is a lessenedinterest in medicine. From the point of view of theUniversity, the first stej) in increasing this interest is,naturally, education.w,, , HAT better way to show the inherent appealand vitality of medicine, than to let the profession speakfor itself? In the winter of 1960, the School of Medicineestablished a program of career conferences in medicinein which picked students were invited from high schoolsin the Midwest to spend a day at the UniversityHospitals.In small groups the high school students visit laboratories and participate in demonstrations and discussionssuch as: radioactive isotopes— detectors of hiddencancer; cross matching and processing of blood; temporary heart and lung substitution; corneal transplants.The highlight of their day is a clinical conferenceinvolving patients from the University Hospitals. Herethe history of their illnesses, diagnosis and treatment isrevealed much as it was worked out by the doctorsthemselves.At these career conferences, not only the classic roleof family doctor is emphasized: "We hope to demonstrate that the versatility of medicine requires a varietyof physicians and that the doctor does not spend hisentire time sitting by the patient's bedside, nor doeshe wear a long, white coat spending 18 hours a daylooking through a microscope and holding up test-tubes.The doctor can serve the future of mankind throughinvestigation and research; he may wish to concentrateon teaching and practice; he may engage in group practice or serve as a family physician. These are but a fewof the multiple opportunities. However, whatever hisparticular concentration may be, todays physiciansare practicing a profession that has greater opportunities,challenges and gratifications than ever before. ¦DECEMBER, 1961 23CHRISTMAS IN THE UNIVERSITYStudent nurses from Lying-in Hospit^make the rounds of the University Hospitals on Christmas eve celebrating theseason in song. "Away in a Manger," "#'lent Night," "Rudolph," "Jingle Bellswere sweetly sung in the darkened corridors, around the Christmas trees in thehalls, from Records and the Cashier's tothe childrens' wards in Bobs Roberts, fro»lthe card- and ribbon-decked nurses stations, to the wreathed doors in ArgonneCancer Research.They paused to serenade the tired doctorsin Emergency, and a new mother foundlooking through a nursery ivindow at hersleeping child. And particularly, theypaused to sing with the children ivho cameout to join them in the corridors. Tomorrow there would be a Santa and specialChristmas trays.24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEPhnotos taken Christmas eve60> by Lee BaltermanDecember, iqbi 25BINDER Continued from page 8suggestions to the leaders of these traditional states,is that the traditionals have to take a chance: stop trying to use these new popular forces against the naturalleaders of the popular forces, that is, the new membersof the middle class, the new professionals, militarymen. Rather, take a chance and permit a little widerexpression of political freedom — but only if it's possible to believe at the same time that the revolutionaries would be moderate, that they would not be outfor blood and not out for immediate change whichthey cannot accomplish because the resources simplyaren't there.I can't offer too much hope except for one note.Things looked very bad when I left Iran. One friendof mine has just arrived in this country to take a courseof study here and I spoke to him on the telephoneyesterday and was astonished. This fellow who wasfull of political despair through the whole of my acquaintanceship with him when I was in Iran suddenlywas buoyant, was alive and excited, not sure that hewould complete his course of study in the UnitedStates, because he had to get back in a hurry because"things are happening, things are changed, things arelooking up, we're able to organize and do something."Maybe it is possible for the scorpion to act in a littledifferent way, a little more civilized. ¦MORGENTHAU Continued from page 4by other Latin American nations; or if the defeatwhich the Soviet Union suffered in the Congo shouldbe duplicated elsewhere in the Middle East, in Africa,Asia, or Latin America then there will be a greattemptation for the losing side to go to war in orderto defend what it still has and to retrieve what it haslost.We have been trying to gain the loyalty of the uncommitted nations merely through the instrument offoreign aid. No branch of American foreign policy isless-developed intellectually and less satisfactory inpractice than foreign aid. Every year, every spring andsummer, we engage in a great debate. What kind offoreign aid we are going to have, what kind of policywe ought to pursue, how much money we are to spend.What is in order for American foreign policy is a radicalrethinking of the purposes of foreign aid, the differenttypes of foreign aid we must pursue, and the likelyresults of foreign aid upon the political, economic andsocial life of the recipient countries. I want only tosay in passing that in every respect the policy offoreign aid is infinitely more complex, more varied,than what even fundamental discussions would leadone to suppose. Here is a great field for creativethinking, and creative action, which we have hardlystarted to approach.4 Now even if we were able to adapt our foreignpolicy to the revolutionary changes which challenge us in our relations with our allies, inour relations with the Communist bloc, in our relationswith the emergent nations, it would still ultimately26 fail if it could not come to terms with the i»°simportant, most dangerous of all the revolutionaryforces of our age — the force of nuclear power. Foif the present trend is not reversed, there is no douPthat within a short period of time, a few years, a con-siderable number and an ever expanding number °nations will have nuclear weapons. If this happenswe will live in a period of history infinitely moredangerous than the one in which we live today-"'which is dangerous enough. Imagine for a mom^that twenty nations will have atomic weapons, not asophisticated weapons as the United States and tnSoviet Union, not with the same delivery system, bustill nuclear weapons. And imagine for a moment tb&the United States is involved in some tense situation-All of a sudden a nuclear explosion occurs in N^York. Someone has put an atomic device in a suitcaSand checked it in a hotel or a railroad station anlet it go off at a certain predetermined mornen*Against whom are we going to retaliate? Are ^egoing to blow up the whole world in order to ma*esure that the guilty country does not escape unpun'ished? If tomorrow such an explosion should occtfin New York everybody knows whose atomic born^it only could have been. And the retaliation woulpbe swift and devastating. And it is exactly for th*reason that it is not likely such an explosion will occvtomorrow in New York. But if atomic weapons arjjgoing to spread over the whole globe, then you ^look back, if you have time to look back, to tvepresent situation as a kind of golden Atomic Age &which at least the bi-polarity of nuclear power hacreated a certain stability, a certain order, and ha>thus far preserved the peace in the world.5 Finally, it is one of the characteristics of y*total impact which the contemporary revolutionhave upon American foreign policy, that they havin good measure destroyed the classic distinction Pe'tween foreign policy and domestic politics. For today'what we do at home, and what we do not do at hon?e'may have a direct impact upon our standing in Wworld, and upon our ability to deal with the revolutionof today. The way we coordinate the different militajvservices and the work of the Atomic Energy Coming'sion with the military services and the civilian authorityhas a direct bearing upon the sum total of the fotel&policy we are able to pursue in the different areas 1 voutlined. And I don't need to call your attention at afl)jlength to the impact which race relations in the UniteStates has on our relations, with the uncommitted, t&emergent nations — and, with the colored majority °humanity at large. So the final task with which the c0$'temporary revolutions confront us, is not a task confineto foreign policy, it is not a challenge which is a 'dressed to the Department of State, it is a challengwhich is addressed to the American people at large.is a challenge which American civilization itself focein the form of those great revolutions which in onsense threatens us with destruction and on the otb*hand gives us the opportunity to call upon our larj^resources to mold those forces which those revolutionhave brought into being.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZD^NEWS OF the alumni0SCAR O. HAMILTON, '02, of Stock-*ell> Ind., and his wife entered Wesley^anor, a home for the aged in Frankfort,)?<*., in November. Mr. Hamilton is re-^ed. He was formerly president of theRockwell State Bank.^ARY ROTH, '02, is living in Hyde Park,J* Chicago. She is a retired English£acber, and formerly taught at Hyde ParkHlgn School.HOWARD R. DRIGGS, '06, educator and?uthor of more than 30 books on Amer-l<ra>s Westward movement, returned to hisall*a mater in September and presented aJ*>Uection of historical books to the U of Cubrary. Mr. Driggs' gift included material^piled by the American Pioneer Trails^n-, on the Mormon Trail, the Oregon^ail, the Pony Express, and histories of{^e Old West, Utah, Texas, and the^akotas. Mr. Driggs is professor emeritusof English education of New York Uni-^rsity, where he was chairman of theApartment from 1927-1942.?• H. HILDEBRANDT, SM'06, PhDlO,2*8 been appointed a visiting professor at^estern Michigan University, Kalamazoo,?eginning in February, 1962. Mr. Hilde-£randt is emeritus professor and former[lead of the department of mathematics at116 University of Michigan. He has also^ught at Emory University, the University°* North Carolina and Brown University.%er THERESA GERTRUDE (MABEL' MURRAY), '11, has become professor^eritus at Seton Hall University, South^ange, N.J. She was formerly director°* Personnel and guidance at the Univer-lty, and is now living in Maplewood, N.J.pAuL H. APEL, '12, AM'33, of Yucaipa,r^«, formerly with the Chicago publicc**ools, is now a columnist for the Yucaipaewspaper, on education, psychology andr^sic appreciation. He has also written^° books on music: The Message ofMu$ic; and Music of the Americas, Northan* South. S\ S^k r\ C^ WILMER SOUDER, PhDl6, was honored(\0/ </\ recently when a bronze plaque was pre-L//V"vU sented to the National Bureau of Standards commemorating his founding of thedental research section of the Bureau. Theplaque was presented by the dental materials group of the International Association of Dental Research. Mr. Souder wasnot a dentist, but studied physics andchemistry at the U of C, and worked asassistant to both A. A. Michelson andRobert A. Millikan in the Department ofPhysics here. The dental research sectionof the Bureau investigates and studies themake-up of dental materials and sets standards and specifications for their production.ROBERT W. BAIRD, '12, retired retail^berman of Coronado, Calif., served the*aii Diego County Chapter of Red Crossj| a full time volunteer until July, 1960.?® &ow keeps busy with gardening, golf^Ce a week and being on the board^ 4e Coronado Hospital.j^HNEST C. BROOKS, 12, of Holland,^Jlcb., who is retired, is serving as chair-!/?n of the Michigan Corrections Com- KARL M. NELSON, 17, MD'20, ofPrinceton, 111., is carrying on his regularschedule in the general practice of medicine and surgery, and reports his health isexcellent: he hasn't "missed a day sincegraduation in 1920."EDMUND F. FOLEY, 18, MD'20, chiefof staff at Cook County Hospital in Chicago, was named dean of the Cook CountyGraduate School of Medicine in September. He continues as chief of staff and alsoas chairman of the hospital's medical department. Dr. Foley who has been connected with the hospital since 1921, hasbeen on the board of trustees at the graduate school for many years. The graduateschool attracts medical men and researchersfrom over the world who come here forrefresher and other courses.RUTH R. McCRACKEN, '22, writes thatafter reading in newspapers for severalyears, "when it comes time to retire, lookinto Arkansas," she has done just thatand loves it in her new home at EurekaSprings, Ark. She formerly lived in Charleston, W.Va.DOROTHY LIGGETT CALKIN, '23, ofBartlesville, Okla., says she is enjoyingher husband's retirement from PhillipsPetroleum Co.JOHN S. MILLIS, '24, SM'27, PhD'37,and PAUL A. SAMUELSON, '35, wereawarded honorary Doctor of Laws degreesfrom Oberlin College at the school's commencement on June 12. Mr. Millis, president of Western Reserve University since1949, has also headed the University ofVermont and been on the faculty at Lawrence College in Appleton, Wise. Mr. Sam-uelson who is professor of economics atMassachusetts Institute of Technology hasbeen on the faculty there since 1940. Anationally-known economist, he has servedas adviser to several government agencies.Mr. Samuelson also received an honoraryDoctor of Laws degree from the U of Cat President Beadle's inaugural convocation in May. FRANKLIN E. ROACH, SM'30, PhD'34,and RICHARD C. MOCKLER, SM'50,both National Bureau of Standards scientists, recently were named "professors adjoint" at the University of Colorado,Boulder. The new titles designate selectedindividuals of scientific agencies in theBoulder area who offer courses or supervise graduate student research at the university. Mr. Roach, whose appointmentis in the department of astrogeophysics,is chief of the airglow and aurora section.upper atmosphere and space physics division of the Bureau. Mr. Mockler, who ischief of the atomic frequency and timeinterval standards section of the Bureau,was given his appointment in the physicsdepartment.PHILIP C. WHITE, '35, PhD'38, generalmanager of research and development forthe American Oil Co., Whiting, Ind.,served on the judging and awards committee for the 1961 Science Fair of theChicago Public Schools, held in April.Over 250 finalists from 20 Chicago schooldistricts displayed their science projects.ANTON H. BERKMAN, PhD'36, of ElPaso, Texas, is president-elect of the Southwestern and Rocky Mountain division ofthe American Association for the Advancement of Science. He will take office aspresident in 1962. Mr. Berkman is professor of biological sciences at Texas Western College in El Paso.ALFRED E. HOFFMAN, '36, was namedin April as assistant manager of chemicalproduct sales for Universal Oil ProductsCo. in Des Plaines, 111. Formerly Mr. Hoffman had been chemical products salesengineer since 1950. He joined Universalin 1936 as an analytical and research chemist. Mr. Hoffman lives in Barrington, 111.PHYLLIS GREENE MATTINGLY, '38,and her husband, John, of Fort Collins,Colo., vacationed this summer in Yellowstone Park. Mrs. Mattingly is "welcomelady" at Fort Collins so she is meetingall the new families that move to town.( She also met all the U of C alumni sinceshe was chairman of the 1961 fund drivethere.) Her husband's latest invention (a"sky hook" for fishermen) is in the Juneissue of Sports Afield and orders are coming in from all over the U.S., she reports.MARIE E. SERRILL, '38, retired effective February, 1960 as director of nursingservice at Methodist Hospital in Minneapolis, Minn.GEORGE STIGLER, PhD'38, Charles R.Walgreen Professor in the Department ofEconomics and Graduate School of Business at U of C, has served as chairman ofDecember, i96i 27BEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO.24 HOUR SERVICELicensed • Bonded • InsuredQualified WeldersSubmerged Water HeatersHAymarket 1-79171404-08 S. Weslern Ave., ChicagoBOYDSTON AMBULANCE SERVICEAuthorized Ambulance ServiceFor Billings HospitalOfficial Ambulance Service forThe University of Chicagophone NOrmal 7-2468NEW ADDRESS— 1708 E. 7IST ST.PENDERCatch Basin and Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sump-Pumps6620 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUEFAirfax 4-0550PENDER SEWER COMPANY u Price Statistics Review Committeeformed by the Bureau of the Budget andthe National Bureau of Economic Research.The committee recently submitted its report on desirable improvements in theconsumer price index, the wholesale priceindex, and other areas in which the federal government collects price statistics.ALBERT REES, AM'47, PhD'50, associate professor of economics at the U of C,was also a member of the committee. Submitting staff papers for the committee'swork were ZVI GRILICHES, AM'55,PhD'57, and REUBEN A. KESSEL,MBA'48, PhD'54, both assistant professorsof economics.42-51EVELYN B. WALLRAFF, SM'42, of Tucson, Ariz., received a PhD degree in microbiology at the University of Arizona thisyear.DAVID C. SMOTHERS, '44, was appointedChicago news editor of United Press International (UPI) in May. He had formerlybeen night manager in Chicago for UPI.Mr. Smothers worked for the City NewsBureau of Chicago and for newspapers inLogansport, Ind., and Brownsville, Texas,before joining UPI in Madison, Wise., in1949.ROBERT C. SORENSEN, '44, AM'48,PhD'54, joined D'Arcy Advertising Co., New York City, as director of research >June. Formerly director of research IThis Week magazine, Mr. Sorenson aKhas been director of audience researchRadio Free Europe and a member ot tOperations Research Office of The J0WHopkins University. He is a memberthe technical committee of the AdvertisingResearch Foundation, the American Assciation for Public Opinion Research, *American Marketing Assn., and OversPress Club.HERBERT A. TIIELEN, PhD'44, prof*]sor of education at the U of C, is co.pleting a year at the Center for Advair „.Study in the Behavioral Sciences at M ,ford, Calif., and is preparing the tmreport of his two-year study on P Pgrouping for the U.S. Office of Educate 'JOHN W. BOKMAN, '45, SM'49, P'lD'^;presented a paper in April to the con v ¦tion of the American Association of 1 eleum Geologists in Denver, Colo.paper was entitled, "The Post-MississipP'^Unconformity in the Western < :l"'1 daoverBasin," and was presented before4,000 geologists from all over the ™es&hemisphere who were in attendance atconvention. Mr. Bokman is a geol08with the Western Canadian Venture Co-'trim iui> ttvuI^iii vjiuuiuHiM ¦ . l.gwhich he joined in 1959. Previously 'had been employed with the California ^ jjStandard Oil of Texas, the Carter ReseatLab, and A. W. McCoy Associates.B. EVERARD BLANCHARD, AM'46, ,°Villa Park, 111., was the recipient ot^.From New York Life's yearbook of successful insurance career men!FRED MARKS -"ruggedindividualist" who finds NYLICcareer conforms to his views!New York Life Agent Fred Marks believes thatone should be able to fully exercise his own talentsin order to be a success. He has found this philosophy to be a big asset in his insurance career. Inhis own words, selling life insurance is "meaningful, helpful and rewarding." His recent qualification as a member of the company's President'sCouncil is evidence of Fred's remarkably successfulapplication of his ideas.In fulfilling his desire to enjoy freedom in his profession, Fred has discovered that "the satisfactionof accomplishment in this business is enormous."He realizes that his future success has as its limitsonly his own goals. Moreover, he receives greatpersonal gratification from helping others plan forthe years ahead. Would a career like the one FredMarks is enjoying interest you or someone youknow? If so, write us for information. FREDERICK GMARKS, JR. 'N«w York LifeRepresentative ,nthe Grand Centra,(New York Clty)Genera, OffIceEducation.-B.A., -40 0berlin Coll ege.Club '58, Joined,„.„ '55; Member,56 and '57; Star^'sCounca • °; Presi~'61.28 IVewYorkLilfeInsurance (^/fe) CompanyCollege Relations, Dept. J-751 Madison Avenue, New York 10, N.Y.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZlN*national education awards during die past^ar. He received the George WashingtonHonor Medal and an Action in EducationRation, sponsored by the National SchoolBoards Assn. and the National EducationAssn. respectively. Mr. Blanchard has recently completed two research projects forwe University of Wisconsin: "A Compara-JJVe Analysis of Public School Finance,prsonnel and Pupils" which will be published in a future issue of the Journal of"¦xperitnental Education; and "The Competencies of Secondary-School Youdi toa"lciPate in Research Activity" to bePublished in die Journal of Educational^search. He is also presently completingT°« on his second book entitled A Stu-"*W Handbook: How to Use the Library,which will be published this fall or win-er- Mr. Blanchard is with Education Associates, specializing in school surveys,t^Mc" projects, consulting service andPJ^NE MAZLISH SEATON, '47, of Ros-/". "fights, Long Island, N.Y., is workingactively on the East Williston school dis-i ,„ eitizen's committee which is presentlynitiating a follow-up study of high schoolgraduates. Mrs. Seaton and her husband,"UBERT, '47, have two children, Jim,w« and Andrea, 8.^JLLIAM A. AUSTILL, '48, AM'51, and« Wife, JOAN SELLERY, '52, announcedai trrival of ^e'1 third child and firsto''ughter on April 4. Mr. Austill is deanstudents at State University College in°yster Bay, N.Y.^CHAEL E. BLAW, '49, MD'54, andSt Pi HELEN PETERS, '49, live injj- " aul, Minn., with their three children.roi Is assistant professor of pediatric neu-Sci Sy at the University of Minnesota001 of Medicine in Minneapolis.^TH M. BOYLES, SM'49, of Raleigh,edu ' -S a Private consultant on nursingwas r" Durin8 the Past 10 years sheund professor of nursing in charge ofof —''graduate curriculum at the Schoolnu ,sing> University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill. 'a^L M. EDIDIN, JD'49, was elected asNewevPrrident of the Hertz CorPoration'PoraH ' in June- He continues as cor-Oeak • counsel of the company whichMr VA- j°ar and truck renlals and leasing.HesU v i was an a«orney with the Ten-befr. . ey Authority in Knoxville, Tenn.,t0re joining Hertz in 1956.Peh« A HECK, AM'50, was married onNevT^,10, to William F. Taussig, insUDW„ •chelle' NY- She is employed as. ljervisor at Windham Children's Services" New York City.apS* HUNGATE, AM'50, has beenthe TT i Vlsiting associate professor atWork"lVersity of Texas School of Socialstudn ? Austin, Texas. He was formerly aue"t there.andB^RT LlNDBLOM, '50, is doing oilCaljf n • exPloration for Standard Oil ofVfQV r in tlle northern San JoaquinMr 7. «* the Bakersfield, Calif., office.• ^"idblorn lives in Oildale, Calif.December, loei HARRIET HARVEY, PhD'51, of Norman,Okla., became chairman of the zoologydepartment at the University of Oklahoma,this summer. It is die first time, so far asanyone at the University can recall, thata woman has been chairman of a sciencedepartment there.BARRY D. KARL, AM'51, an instructorat Harvard University, has become an Alls-ton Burr Senior Tutor at die Eliot Harvard House. At each of Harvard's ninehouses, die senior tutor assists in directingstudent advising and arranges for tutorialgroups and seminars within the house aspart of the college program. Mr. Karl,an instructor in United States history andliterature, serves as head tutor of the Committee on Degrees in History and Literature, and as executive secretary of theCommittee on General Education. Hewas humanities editor of the U of C Pressfrom 1951 to 1955, and has taught at Harvard since 1955.ROBERT MERRILL, AM'51, PhD'59, wasappointed associate professor of anthropology and sociology at the University otRochester College of Arts and Science,effective July 1. He had been assistantprofessor of anthropology and economicsat the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis since 1959. While studying at theU of C he was a research assistant inpharmacology from 1942-47 and in thedepartment of anthropology from 1947-48.Mr. Merrill has been an associate editorof Economic Development and CulturalChange, and also a research associate forthe Senate Foreign Relations Committee.53-60PHILIP J. COHEN, '53, AM'56, wasnamed to take over the suburban programof the Jewish Center of Buffalo in September. He has previously held a varietyof positions with Jewish centers in Chicago, Baltimore, Hackensack, N.J., andNew Brunswick, N.J.ROBERT L. PAYTON, AM'54, becamevice chancellor for university developmentat Washington University, ft Louis, Mo.,on April 1. Mr. Payton had been directorof university relations since 1958 Hejoined Washington Umvers.ty in 1957 aseditor of the Washington University Magazine. Before going there he had beeneditor of the National Real Estate Journalhi Cedar Rapids, la., from 1954-57 andfrom 1949-51 was editor of the Burlington(Iowa) Herald.LANSING R. FELKER, JR., '55, '60 isnow with the Bureau of the Budget inWashington, D.C, and is living in Be-thesda Md. He also announces a newaddition to die family, a daughter, AndreaLaurel.JAMES C. HORMEL, JD'58, and DALUNH OAKS, JD'57, have been appointed todie faculty of die U of C Law School.Mr. Hormel, of Winnetka, III, 1-^°™assistant dean and dean of students at RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING and DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMOnroe 6-3192Since 7878HANNIBAL, INC.Furniture RepairingUpholstering • ReftnishingAntiques Restored1919 N. Sheffield Ave. • LI 9-7180LEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: HYde Park 3-9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERPOND LETTER SERVICE, Inc.Everything in LettersHooven Typewriting MimeographingMultigraphing AddressingAddressograph Service MailingHighest Quality Service Minimum PricesAll Phones: 219 W. Chicago AvenueMl 2-8883 Chicago 10, IllinoisYOUR FAVORITEFOUNTAIN TREATTASTES BETTERWHEN IT'S . . .A product Swift & Company7409 So. Stat* StreetPhone RAdcliffe 3-740029How do you measurea career?By earnings.?The 1960 average earnings of Massachusetts Mutual full-time representatives with five or more years experiencewas $13,505.The top 100 averaged $28,387.By the quality of the people with whomyou deal.?Our clients — individuals and businessorganizations — buy over a billiondollars of new ordinary life insuranceeach year, plus almost half a billionof group. Our average ordinary policyin 1960, excluding those issued inpension plans, was $15,952. BusinessInsurance accounted for almost $175million of our 1960 new business, andpremiums from pension and profitsharing plans totaled over $57 million.We now have 48 clients each owning amillion or more of MassachusettsMutual life insurance.By the caliber of the people with whomyou work?Our Field Force receives an unusually high proportion of the top honorsamong all life insurance men andwomen — a good indication of thecaliber of the persons associated withthe company.1 in 3 won the National Quality awardlast year.1 in 7 are Chartered Life Underwriters— which means they have successfullycompleted the comprehensive studycourse and met the professional standards of the American College of LifeUnderwriters.1 in 10 qualified for the 1961 MillionDollar Round Table.YOUR fellow-alumni are with usMassachusetts Mutual men and women aresuccessful in their chosen field and enjoythe rewards of working among successfulclients with colleagues whose educationand background are similar to their own.Listed below are your fellow-alumni whoare associated with our company.Interested? Write today for a free copy of"A Selling Career."MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL Life Insurance CompanySPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS -ORGANIZED 1851Some of the University of Chicago alumni in Massachusetts Mutual service:Chester A. Schipplock, '27, Chicago Theodore E. Knock, '41, ChicagoMorris Landwirth, C.L.U., '28, Peoria Jacob E. Way, '50, WaukeganPetro Lewis Patras, '40, Chicago Rolf Erik G. Becker, Oakland Jens M. Dellert, ChicagoJames J. Lawler, ChicagoJesse J. Simoson, Niagara Falls30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZ1N0ALUMNI FUND CAMPAIGNSSpecial gifts campaigns in a dozen principal cities across the nation are now beingconducted or planned by the Alumni Foundation in an advanced phase of the 1962annual Alumni Fund.In an effort to exceed last year's recordtotal of $1,222,735, (not including alumnibequests) this new program of personalsolicitation of top prospects has been setup under the leadership of C. E. McKittrick,'20, chairman of the Foundation Board, andassistant to the publisher of the ChicagoTribune.Samuel J. Horwitz, '32, JD'34, Chicagoattorney, is national special gifts chairmanon the Foundation Board.Frank B. Kelly, Sr., '18, MD'20, is national chairman of the special gifts campaignfor the Medical School alumni. This is thefirst year the doctors have participated inpersonal solicitation in an organized effortfor the Medical school.¦¦FRANK B. KELLY, SR.The Chicago area campaign was launched°t a reception for President and Mrs. Beadle°t the University Club in the loop November8. General chairman is Howard E. Green,'25, president of Great Lakes MortgageCorporation, and vice chairman is RichardSchlesinger, '35, vice president of CarsonPirie, Scott and Company. Claude E. Hawley, '35, PhD'39, chairmanof the board of Balogh and Company,Washington, D. C, heads up the specialgifts drive in that city, launched in earlyNovember.George F. James, Jr., '30, JD'32, directorand senior vice president of the SoconyMobil Oil Company, is chairman of the NewYork campaign, also launched in earlyNovember.Co-chairmen of the Minneapolis-St. Paularea solicitation are Donald B. Smith, '31,JD'32, St. Paul attorney; Nathan B. Plimpton, '34, MD'37, Minneapolis; and EdwardK. Smith, '37, comptroller of the ChemicalDivision of General Mills, Incorporated,Minneapolis.General chairman of the Milwaukeecampaign is Edwin P. Wiley, '49, JD'52.Regional chairman is Alexander F. North,'17, financial vice president of Allen-BradleyCompany. Allen Rabin, MD'39, is Medicalchairman.Regional chairman of the Cleveland areacampaign is Ellis E. Busse, '31, chairman ofthe Continental Bank, while Seward Covert,'26, is local chairman. Medical chairman isRichard B. Stoughton, MD'47. The campaignwill begin with a committee reception at theUnion Club in Cleveland, January 25.University Trustee Theodore O. Yntema,AM'25, PhD'29, vice president and chairmanof the finance committee of the Ford MotorCompany, Dearborn, Michigan, is Detroitarea co-chairman with Ray Macdonald, '35,vice president, international, of BurroughsCorporation, Detroit, and Miles Jaffe, '46,JD'50, Detroit attorney. Herbert Gaston,MD'30, is Medical chairman. Kick-off forthat campaign will be January 23, in theDetroit Club.In Miami, Florida, Mrs. Lawrence C. Kline,'44, of Miami Beach, and Donald Stannus,MD'37, are heading the drive.Indianapolis kick-off was held Nov. 13 and14, with an evening reception at the homeof Mrs. J. William Hofmann on the 13th,and a luncheon meeting on the 14th at theSheraton-Lincoln hotel. Indianapolis medicalchairman is Charles E. Test, MD'41, whilein St. Louis, L. Ray Felker, '20, is generalchairman.Other cities planning advanced campaigns are Los Angeles and San Francisco,with chairmen yet to be announced. Thosedrives will be conducted in February.The general alumni solicitation will beginin March, with direct mail solicitation to all58,000 alumni, followed up with personalcampaigning in 285 organized cities.Staff members organizing the programare Chef Lacy, director of the Alumni Foundation, and Florence Medow, assistant director, both in the campus office; RonaldSims, director of the University offices in NewYork city, and Mrs. Marie Stephens, directorof the University office in Los Angeles. ¦ -000Undivided ResponsibilityHere the conception of an ideacarried to its final printed formis made possible by each stepbeing performed under our own roof.Departments encompass art anddesign, photography, process color,plate making, single and multicolorpresswork, binding and shipping.Thus, the integrated operation ofthis organization backed with arecord of 30 years' reliability onmajor projects makes possible ourservice of undivided responsibilityPhotopressEaaBganaagggaaaaCongress Expressway at Gardner RoadBROADVIEW, ILL. COIumbus 1-1420T. A. MjMgjW CO SidewalksFactory FloorsMachineFoundationsConcrete BreakingNOrmal 7-0433We operate our own dry cleaning plant5319 Hyde Park Blvd.NO rmal 7-98581309 Eait 57th St.Mt d way 3-06021553 E. Hyde Park Blvd. FAirfax 4-57591442 E. 57th Midway 3-0607GEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting— Decorating— Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street KEdzie 3-3186MODEL CAMERA SHOPLeica - Bolex ¦ Rol leiflex - Polaroid1342 E. 55th St. HYde Park 3-9259NSA Discount!24-hour Kodachrome DevelopingHO Trains and Model SuppliesDECEMBER, 1961 31the Law School. He was formerly lawclerk for Justice James R. Bryant, of theIllinois Appellate Court, and associatedwith Peterson, Lowry, Rail, Barber & Ross.Mr. Oaks, who is associate professor ofUNIVERSITY NATIONAL BANK1354 East 55th StreetMemberFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationMUseum 4-1200Phone : REgent 1-331 1The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.INC.Awnings and Canopies for Ail Purposes1142 E. 82nd StreetCHICAGO ADDRESSING 8 PRINTING CO.Complete Service for Mail AdvertisersPRINTING— LETTERPRESS & OFFSETLetters • Copy Preparation •Typewriting • Addressing Imprinting• MailingQUALITY — ACCURACY722 So. Dearborn • Chicago S . — SPEEDWA 2-4581TREASURED REMINDER OF COLLEGE DAYSYou'll want to display this handsomeplaque in home and office . . . it's theideal gift for the discriminating grad.Solid hand rubbed walnut shield, 7"x8",with bronze etched and enameled collegeseal in full school colors. Your name andclass in 24 Karat gold leaf.Price $6.00 Postpaid (No C.O.D.)($5.00 Postpaid without name and class)ROYAL CREST CORPORATION527 Ridgedale Rd., Birmingham, Mich.Please Print-Name as to Appear on PlaqueSchoolShip to: Name_ Class YearAddress.City -State- law, is a former law clerk to the HonorableEarl Warren, United States Chief Justice,and was associated with Kirkland, Ellis,Hodson, Chaffetz & Masters in Chicago.LESTINA A. LARSEN, '58, of Chicago,is now teaching in the science departmentand coaching debate at the U of C Laboratory High School.THOMAS F. JEFFERS, MBA'58, andWALTER D. OWINGS, MBA'60, bothwith the U.S. Air Force, have recentlybeen awarded the Air Force Commendation Medal. Captain Jeffers distinguishedhimself by meritorious service as projectofficer and chief of the THOR GuidanceBranch at Headquarters Ballistic MissilesCenter, during the period from December31, 1958 to October 26, 1959. MajorOwings was awarded the medal for meritorious service during the period March,1956, to March, 1959, as project officerin the requirements and equipment office,Air Force Ballistic Missiles Division.PHILIP E. MONTAG, '58, of Chicago,studied anthropology at the University ofCalifornia, Santa Barbara, on a NationalScience Foundation Grant this summer.He teaches at the U of C LaboratorySchool.ROBERT H. PUCKETT, AM'58, PhD'61,is an assistant professor of political scienceat Mary Washington College of the University of Virginia, Fredericksburg.PAUL L. KITTLAUS, '59, and his wife,IMOGENE '57, and family have movedto Granada Hills, Calif., where he is joining CHARLES L. BURNS, '51, in a teamministry at the Congregational Church ofNorthridge. Mr. and Mrs. Kittlaus whoformerly lived in San Diego, now have asecond son, Adam Martin, who is sixmonths old.MARGUERITE M. NIMTZ, AM'59, ofNew Orleans, La., has been promoted toan elementary school principal positionbeginning this school year, 1961-62.R. BARBARA QUINN, '59, of Chicago, iscurrently working as a sales assistant forLiberty Mutual Insurance Co. until February when she hopes to continue worktoward her masters degree. Previouslyshe taught third grade for one year inWhiting, Ind., and then worked as adormitory proctor at Creighton Universityin Omaha, where she was doing graduatework in English.MIODRAG N. SUKIJASOVIC, MCompL59, is a research fellow with the Instituteof International Politics and Economics inBeograd, Yugoslavia.ARTHUR T. THOMPSON, MBA'60, formerly associate director of the OrdnanceResearch Laboratory at Pennsylvania StateUniversity, has been named associate deanof the College of Engineering and Architecture there. Mr. Thompson joined thefaculty of the department of electricalengineering at Penn State in 1945 andlater that year transferred to the OrdnanceResearch Laboratory staff. His researchhas been primarily in the field of torpedoengineering. ' memorialsWARREN R. SMITH, PhD'94, recentlyof Brooklyn, N.Y., died on October 27 »the age of 92. From 1896 to 1939, he «*head of the department of chemistry »Lewis Institute, later merged with Arm0uInstitute to become the Illinois Institute :Technology. He resided in Oak Park, H'"until 1939, and then lived in East Lelan"'Mich. At the time of his death he **living with a daughter in Brooklyn. Win1a student at the U of C, Mr. Smith playe°on its first two football teams and earnehis "C."SARAH BUTLER RAYCROFT, '98, die*1on October 2, in Princeton, N.J.CAROLINE FREUDENTHAL KATZEN'STEIN, '99, died on January 24, I960, >"Chicago.JOHN O. SETHRE, PhD'01, died on Oc'tober 13, 1957, in Minot, N.D.WARREN B. SMITH, '02, of Chicago, I""died on September 2.TEANNETTE BROWN OBENCHAlf;06, PhD'24, research associate in anatom)at the U of C, died recently.RANSON D. BERNARD, MD'07, of Am<*la., died on July 7.GERTRUDE STERN LEISER, '07. fo£merly of Indianapolis, Ind., died on Jauary 5, 1961, at Nyack, N.Y.BESSIE BOIES COTTON, AM'08, dieon April 23, 1958, in South Gate, Calif-MAX L. RICHARDS, '08, of Glenvie*;111., died at the University of Chicago nopital on October 21, 1961. In liis stxicie^^days he was a member of Blackfriars aAlpha Delta Phi.JOHN II. McLEAN, AM'09, '12, of Ne*'buryport, Mass., died on May 24, lySELIM McARTHUR, MD'12, former Pj^ident of the medical board of St. LuKHospital in Chicago, died on August ¦Dr. McArthur became senior attend"*surgeon at St. Luke's (since combined WPresbyterian Hospital) in 1916, and ' *named president of the medical board1936. He held those posts until 1948 W"^he retired from practice and moved .Elkhart, 111. He was a past presidentthe Chicago Surgical Society.Eero Saarinen, famed architect andsigner of the U of C law center and "women's residence, died early in Sep te'ber in Detroit, Mich., at the age ot ° ' 'Mr. Saarinen held the contract for camp {development at the U of C and it *under his direction that the camp"* . «tained its visual unity while coinbm"»various Gothic forms with modern desig" 'He had cited the U of C campus aio'jwith MIT as an outstanding examplearchitectural master planning used to e ,courage continuity in the use of space »design.32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZlN*5For more than sixty yeare, Union Carbide has been a trade name for calcium carbide— which, when combined with water, produces the gas acetyleneFeeding fire . . .with waterSounds impossible . . . yet one of today's most useful flames thriveson water. When water comes in contact with a gray, rock-like substance calledcalcium carbide, acetylene gas is born— fuel for the white-hot oxy-acetyleneflame that can slice through steel and other metals.Just as it burns so readily, acetylene combines freely with manychemicals. That's why it has become the raw material for a variety of thingsyou use every day. Among its descendants are the versatile vinyl plastics . . .long-wearing, wrinkle-resistant Dynel modacrylic fibers . . . non-flammabledry-cleaning solvents . . . and a host of chemicals that bring you syntheticrubber, wonder drugs, and those paints that dry in minutes to a beautiful,washable finish.To meet the fast-growing needs of industry, the people of UnionCarbide produce thousands of tons of calcium carbide and billions of cubicfeet of acetylene every year. It is typical of the hundreds of beneficial productsthat have come forth during more than half a century of research into thebasic elements of nature. „Dynel„ fa a trado mark of Union Carbido Corporation Learn about the important workgoing on now in chemicals, carbons, gases, metals, plastics, andnuclear energy. Write for "TheExciting Universe of UnionCarbide" Booklet P, UnionCarbide Corporation, 270 ParkAvenue, New York 17, N.Y. InCanada, Union Carbide CanadaLimited, Toronto.UNIONCARBIDE...a hand.in things to cometylBGAretull tax, memo-You can give to the University of Chicago ancf enjoy substantial tax savingsOur nation's income tax laws not only permit butencourage gifts to the University of Chicago andother qualified educational institutions.Through tax deductions, your out-of-pocket cost ofgiving to the University is considerably lower thanthe dollar amount of your contributions.This table estimates the out-of-pocket cost to a married taxpayer who itemizes his deduction of his $100 cash contributionto the University:Taxable Cost of $100 Gift or aIncome on Joint Return $500 Gift$ 5,000 $78 $39010,000... 74 37015,000 70 35020,000 66 33030,000.... 53 26540,000 47 23550,000 41 205It may be especially advantageous to you to make gifts of appreciatedproperty. Under certain circumstances it is possible to receive incomefor life from property given to the University.The University of Chicago Alumni Foundation5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, IllinoisMidway 3-0800, Extension 3241