UNIVERSITY OF'CHICAGO•maoazmeFEBRUARY, 1961 UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO•nuuiazine5733 University AvenueChicago 37, IllinoisMidway 3-0800; Extension 3244EDITOR Marjorie BurkhardtFEATURES2........ George Wells Beadle8....... . Catching Up on Sleep13..... . Elegant Bit of ObesityTheodore W. Schultz18....... University Organist19........... U niversity CarillonneurDEPARTMENTS4......... Memo Pad5........ ..News of the Quadrangles21 Book Reviews22 News of the Alumni32 MemorialsCOVERThe main quadrangle on a snowy day-viewfrom the Chancellor's office.CREDITSCover, I: David Windsor. 7: Sports IIlus­tre+ed, Lee Balterman. 8-12, 18-20: AlbertC. Flores.THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONPRESIDENL John F. Dille, Jr.EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Howard W. MortADMINISTRATIVE ASSL Ruth G. HalloranPROGRAMMING MaryJeanne CarlsonALUMNI FOUNDATIONDIRECTOR Chet LacyChicago-Midwest Area Florence MedowREGIONAL OFFICESEastern Region W. Ronald Sims2b E. 38th StreetNew York Ib, N. Y.MUrray Hill 3-1518Western Region Ellen BoroughfRoom 318, 717 Market St.San Francisco 3, Calif.EXbrook 2·0925Los Angeles Mrs. Marie Stephens1195 Charles St., Pasadena 3After 3 P.M.-SYcamore 3·4545MEMBERSHIP RATES (Including Magazine)1 year, $5.00; 3 years, $12.00Published monthly, October through June, by theUniversity of Chicago Alumni Association, 5733 Uni­versity Avenue, Chicago 37, III. Annual subscriptionprice, $5.00. Single copies, 25 cents. Entered assecond class matter December I, 1934, at the PostOffice of Chicago, III., under the act of. March 3,1879. Advertising agent: The American AlumniCouncil, 22 Washington Square, New York, N. Y.1I 'Chancellor George wells Beadle2 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOELECTION of George Wells Beadle as chancellor ofthe University of Chicago was announced January 5by Glen A. Lloyd, chairman of the Board of Trustees. Mr.Beadle, a distinguished scientist and educational admin­istrator, becomes the seventh chief executive the Uni­versity has had in its 70 year history. He succeedsLawrence A. Kimpton, whose resignation was an­nounced on March 29, 1960. The new chancellor willassume his duties full-time on the Midway campus inMarch. He now is acting dean of the faculty and chair­man of the division of biology at the California Instituteof Technology, Pasadena, California.A geneticist, Mr. Beadle holds a Nobel Prize in medi­cine ( 1958) and has been called "the man who did mostto put modern genetics on its chemical basis." Hereceived the Prize for demonstrating how the genescontrol the basic chemistry of the living cell or, indeed,the chemistry of life itself. Scientists believe that thesefundamental observations may provide the ground­work towards the solution of many of our gravest bio­logical and social problems-from cancer to mentalhealth and even to exploding world populations.Mr. Lloyd, who served as chairman of the ten-mantrustee-faculty committee for selection of the chancellor,said, "Mr. Beadle was chosen in the enthusiastic convic­tion that he is a man who will continue and strengthenthe excellence of the University. He has achieved adistinguished position �n the world of science and intel­lectuallife and commands international reputation andrecognition. He has wide experience in the academiclife of the country, at Harvard, Stanford and CaliforniaInstitute of Technology, and has substantial experiencein educational problems and administration."No great university exists today in the isolation ofscholarship and education, and in this time when thereis an increasing interest of government in education,Mr. Beadle's participation in the Committee on NationalGoals and the President's Science Advisory Committeeindicates his ability to give direction to the use of theUniversity's resources for the benefit of the nation."The committees which recommended Mr. BeadleWere impressed by his personal qualities of modesty,integrity, analytical ability, deci�ive and direct responsein action, and the breadth of hIS scholarly understand-ing. We were especially attracted by his convictionsFEBRUARY, 1961 as to the inter-relationships of knowledge and thenecessity of relating and focusing all areas of scholar­ship for the effective resolution of the problems ofour modern world. We are confident that Mr. Beadlewill give the University a period of lively, effectiveand productive leadership."Mr. Beadle was born on October 22, 1903, on afarm near Wahoo, Nebraska, and attended the Uni­versity of Nebraska. As a student, he took part inresearch on hybrid wheat and these projects intro­duced him to the field of genetics. He was graduatedfrom the University of Nebraska in 1926, taking amaster's degree from the same institution in 1927. Hewas awarded his Ph.D. by Cornell University in 1931.Mr. Beadle began his academic career at the Cali­fornia Institute of Technology as a National ResearchFellow in biology in 1931. He became an InstituteFellow at that institution in 1932 arid served there asan instructor from 1935 to 1936. In 1936-37, he servedas an assistant professor of genetics at Harvard Uni­versity, Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1937 �e �asappointed professor of biology at Stanford University,Palo Alto, California, where he remained for almosta decade.Soon after his appointment at Stanford, Mr. Beadlemade his first contribution to the chemical methods ofstudying mutations-a field in which he has continuedleadership during the past decade and which has nowrevolutionized the science of genetics. He has beenchairman of the Division of Biology faculty since 1946.His colleagues have written that Mr. Beadle directs theDivision of Biology "in an atmosphere of amiabilityspiced with high intellectual excite.ment-�ers�n��qualities with which he inspires all associated WIth him.In addition to the 1958 Nobel Prize in Medicine,Mr. Beadle holds a number of other important scientifichonors. He has been awarded honorary degrees by ,Yale University, the University of Nebraska, RutgersUniversity, Kenyon College, Wesleyan, Northwestern,and in England the Universities of Oxford and Birming­ham. Oxford honored Mr. Beadle twice, in 1958 andagain in 1959. He has held visiting lectureships atmany institutions, including the University of Chicago.He is the author of many technical papers.Mr. Beadle holds the Albert Einstein CommemorativeAward (1958), the Emil Christian Hansen Prize ofDenmark (1953), and the Lasker Award of the Amer­ican Public Health Association (l950). Mr. Beadle hasbeen President of the Genetics Society of America( 1946) and of the American Association for the Ad­vancement of Science (1955-56) and now is Chairmanof the American Cancer Society Scientific AdvisoryCouncil and. of the National Academy of Sci_encesCommittee on Genetic Effects of Atomic Radiation. •3memo padSUDDEN CONFUSION-In the Memorialssection of the December Magazine appearedthis announcement:Florence Foley Howard, '14, of Urbana,Ill., has died.December 13 came this letter:My dear Sirs:I was most shocked and grieved to readof the passing of Florence Foley Howard,Class of '14. Of all my contacts at theUniversity of Chicago, my associationwith her was the closest and most inti­mate. I find it impossible to believe thatshe has gone on!Yours sincerelyFlorence Foley Howard, '14The error was from a questionnairewhich Mrs. Howard had returned. In thesection referring to her husband she hadwritten "deceased." I suppose our staff,processing 12,000 questionnaires for hoursupon weeks, is entitled to one error. ButI have asked these staff members to maketheir next error in a less delicate area. Ofcourse we have apologized to FlorenceFoley Howard and restored her to fulland active standing in the Class of '14 witha special citation for her calm sense ofhumor.Fortunately, this kind of error rarelyhappens. In my very first year as alumnisecretary we announced the passing ofCharles Pike, '96. Charlie quoted MarkTwain's "greatly exagurated" statementand Charlie and I became good friends.I helped him celebrate his fiftieth anni­versary at the 1946 Reunion.Last summer, when I was in Washing­ton, D.C., I spent an afternoon with himover cocktails at the Shoreham Hote1. Ifthere be any precedent in these unfortu­nate errors, I trust it is in the area of in­definitely prolonged good health.WHICH REMINDS ME-Sometimes weare criticised for the inadequacy of ourMemorials department. This we havealways recognized.In the January issue, for example, 74deaths were recorded in a total of 195lines-an average of 2 % short lines peralumnus.Any reasonable reader will agree thathalf of each Magazine should not be de­voted to obituaries but we agree that an­nouncement should carry these seven facts:1. Name2. Years of degrees3. Occupation4. Date of death5. Age6. Place of death7. Cause of deathE.g., GEORGE WASHINGTON, '49,AM'50, former President of the UnitedStates, died December 14, 1799 at the age4 of 67 on his estate at Mount Vernon, Vir­ginia. His death was caused by quincy,contracted after riding for hours in thecold snow two days before.The sources of our information for thisdepartment are limited:1. From thoughtful relatives or friends,2. From news and other clippings; and3. By far the vast majority are from ourtracer cards when mail is returned�r questio�naire returns are markeddeceased.In this third category we are fortunateif the date of death is given-which mayhave been a year or more ago. We takeevery precaution in checking these reportsbut regret our frequent inability to provideyou with the pertinent facts.ZOE MYERS SILER and her campustypewriter were known to a generationof students before the second World War.She held many important campus officepositions and typed many a thesis forgraduate degree candidates, while her hus­band, Albert, helped U nele Sam keep hispostal obligations untangled. North onEllis Avenue the Siler fireplace and grandpiano were favorite gathering points formany of the students.After their daughter, Zoe Ann, wasgraduated from the University of Kansasand decided to remain in Kansas City tostart her teaching career, nostalgia over­came Albert and they moved to his hometown, Cherryvale, Kansas.There they established another com­fortable home with lawn and gardens.But Zoe had trouble adjusting to a rock­ing chair. So she lugged out her trustytypewriter and began writing local historyand garden stories for the Kansas CityStar. Her writing caught on and beganto appear in other publications until shehas become one of the writin'st authorsin the sunflower state. (Just off the pressesis her book: This is Our Town, whichfits into the State's centennial.)Now that her book is published, Zoe,with Albert and a Cherryvale couple, willtake off this month in the new Siler Pontiacstation wagon for a leisurely visit toMexico.Recently, on one of her trips to the statecapitol, she dropped in for an interviewwith State Senator James Porter, '33. Jimwas cited by the Alumni Association in1956 for his civic leadership and Zoethought it was time for a checkup.The Chicago enthusiasm of Jim's highschool history teacher, the late MaudeHulse, AM'13, brought him to the Midwayon a two-year honor scholarship. He be­came a Chi Psi and was elected to Owl &Serpent in his senior year.After graduation Jim returned to hishome town, Topeka, to earn his L.L.B.from Washburn University and since 1939 has been a member of the law firm OflLillard, Eidson, Lewis and Porter. He waselected to the legislature in 1940 andmoved up to serve 12 years in the StateSenate.His civic activities are as involved to­day as when he was cited at Reunion in1956. His Chicago diploma and his cita­tion hang side by side in his office.The Porters have three children, Wil­liam, 15; Melissa, 13; and Jaime, a younglady of five. JMORE JUVENILE CORRESPONDENCE I- This letter, painstakingly printed in pen­cil on a sheet of lined tablet paper wasreceived the other day:university of chicagohow much moneyDo I have tosend to you to buya pennant. mydaddy hopes hecan send me toyour school whenI am older if Istudy hardfromDonald H. LeeIII Jackson st.weedsport, N. Y.Donald received a small pennant decalwith a letter giving prices on felt pennantsand expressing the hope that someday hewould qualify for Chicago. Nothing wassaid about capitals, periods, or commas asa requirement for qualifying. We gavehim E for effort, and assumed he waswriting the same letter to a score of otherschools to build his collection.SPRING REUNION, June 7-10, 1961-Don't be surprised when you return tofind the Reunion Day program in a circustent smack dab in the center of the Circle.We have outgrown Hutchinson Commons.In the works are such programs as.J a man in space seminar;.J a discussion of America's foreign policyin the Far East;.J the new-nations problems of Africa;., why people buy-consumer motivations;., geriatrics and a tour of the new hospitalwing where research in this field will becarried on;.J a tour of urban welfare agencies-whatis being done with delinquents;.J the state of the University (financial),the philosophy of the new College, andwho gets admitted and why;., a Court Theatre play in HutchinsonCourt;., chamber music by Chicago faculty com-posers;., Hyde Park tours preceded by discussionson the architecture, the sociological prob­lems, and the physical aspects;., an exhibit of the Shapiro art collectionand a discussion of the University's "livingwith art" program, by which students,faculty and staff are loaned these paint­ings by the quarter;.J and, of course, the Interfraternity Sing,Saturday night, June 10th.These are only a few highlights. Therewill be others and, of course, the tradi­tional programs-all of which will be an­nounced in detail as J nne approaches.H.W.M.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOAAAS PRESIDENT-Professor ThomasPark took office as president of theAmerican Association for Advancementof Science on January 15. The AAASis the world's largest group of relatedscientific organizations. It has 60,000tnembers and is affiliated with 291societies.Mr. Park, who succeeded Dr. Chaun­cey D. Leake of Ohio State Universityas head of the organization at its 127thannual meeting in New York City, wasdesignated President-elect at last year'sAAAS meeting in Chicago. During theNew York sessions, he presided at theAAAS General Symposium, "MovingFrontiers of Science V." In additionMr. Park was a member of the platfor�party at the time of the AAAS presi­dential address by Paul Klopsteg, for­mer associate director of the NationalScience Foundation.Mr. Park, who fishes in the sea as ahobby and relaxes by painting in oils,is a professor of zoology at the Uni­versity. He is 52 years old. Workingwith animals, insects and statistics, Mr.Park has been investigating basic scien­tific problems of population since hewas an undergraduate at the Universityof Chicago. He earned his bachelor ofscience degree in 1930 and his Ph.D.in 1932, both here.From 1933 to 1937, he served atJohns Hopkins University, first as aNational Research Council Fellow andthen as an instructor in biology. Hetaught briefly at Northwestern Univer­sity and then joined the University ofChicago faculty in 1937. He was aRockefeller Foundation fellow at Ox­ford University in 1948 and a visitingprofessor at the University of Californiaat Berkeley in 1952. Appointed pro­fessor of zoology at Chicago in 1947,he served as associate dean of the Divi­sion of Biological Sciences at the Uni­versity from 1943 to 1946.In 1949, Mr. Park went to Londonto serve as senior scientific attache atthe U.S. Embassy in the British capital.He was a member of the "Environ­mental Biology Panel of the NationalScience Foundation" from 1956 to1958, serving as chairman for the sec­ond year. From 1940 to 1950, Mr.Park was editor of Ecology. He is editorof Physiological Zoology, published bythe University of Chicago Press. Hehas been zoological adviser to TheEncyclopaedia Britannica since 1950and recently was appointed to theEncyclopaedia's Board of Editors.Since 1954, Mr. Park has been amember of the board of directors of theAmerican Association for the Advance­ment of Science; chairman of its publi­cation committee since 1955; a memberof its Newcomb Cleveland Prize Com-FEBRUARY, 1961 mittee from 1956 to 1958· and is ac�lTent member of the nomi�ating com­mittee, He was president of the Eco­logical Society of America in 1958-59.H.e is a member of the American Societyof Zoologists, Biometric Society, Societyfor the Study of Evolution and theAmerican Society of Naturalists.Mr. Park describes his main field ofint�rest "population ecology-the quanti­tative, experimental analysis of thoseenvironmental factors which affect andcontrol, population numbers." Usinginsects such as the Hour beetle hehas investigated such subjects as birth­rates and death rates, population crowd­ing, and competition and its affect onpopulation numbers.In 1954, he I eported to the AAASthe results of extensive laboratory ex­periments with two species of Hourbeetles. When the two species werekept together, one always persistedwhile the other became extinct, he said.He ascribed the extinction to competi­tion between species and suggested thatthe finding had some general applica­bility to events in nature.Commenting on Mr. Park and hiswork, Sewell Wright said in the Feb­ruary issue of Science,"I became acquainted with Mr. Parkin 1927 when he attracted my attentionas being among the 10 percent whoearned A's in each of two large under­graduate courses that I was conducting.His promise as an undergraduate wasfully borne out by his performance intwo of my courses in genetics that hetook as a graduate student, while spe­cializing in another field. It has beenborne out in increasing measure by hiscareer since that time."While his work has been concerned�ith. be�tles, it has had very importantimplications for human beings. It bears,indeed, on the question of the verypersistence of mankind, or at least ofcivilized man, in the explosive situationbrought about by the world-wide de­crease in mortality rates and the lackof compensating decreases in birthrates. The alternatives are violent re­duction or even extinction of the humanspecies, perhaps by way of the hydro­gen bomb; expansion to a violentlyfluctuati�1g .�pper limit, controlled bythe availability of necessities for baresubsistence; or attainment of ecologicequilibrium with the resources of the�o�'l� a� such a level that progress inCIVIlIzatIOn remains possible. Park brings a keen awareness of the populationpr.oble�, to the thinking of organizedSCIence.MacLEISH FELLOWSHIP-A fellow­ship in the Humanities in honor ofBruce MacLeish, '03, has been estab­lished at the University by his wife,Elizabeth Moore MacLeish. In makingher gift, Mrs. MacLeish said that herhusband's interest in education and hisbelief in the prime importance of theHumanities guided her selection of thatfield for the fellowship.Bruce MacLeish is presently chair­man of the executive committee and adirector of Carson Pirie Scott & Co.,and is a member of the Citizens Boardof the University.The MacLeish family has been in­terested in the University of Chicagoover many years. Andrew MacLeish,father of Bruce MacLeish, was a trusteeof the first University of Chicago from1878 to 1886 and helped organize thepresent University of Chicago, servingas vice president of its board of trusteesfrom 1890 to 1923. Andrew MacLeishwas instrumental in securing John D.Rockefeller's interest and his first giftto the University. The elder MacLeish'sgifts to the University of Chicago in­cluded a scholarship fund and a studentaid fund in the Divinity School and twoDistinguished Service Professorships.SUPREME COURT REVIEW - Thefirst in a series of annual volumes re­viewing the work of the Supreme Courthas been published by the University ofChicago Law School.The purpose of the publication is toprovide a more expert, understandingscrutiny of the court. It is, in effect, abook-length law review devoted entirelvto the court's work. 'Prof. Philip B. Kurland of Chicago iseditor of the 326-page volume. Con­tributors in the first issue include thedean of the law school, Edward H. Levi,and two other professors here, HarryKalven, Jr. and Bernard D. Meltzer.Other contributors are Prof. Edward�. Barrett, Jr. of the University of Cali­fornia Law School; Associate Prof. Ken­neth L. Karst of Ohio State Law School'David P. Currie of New York and Prof.NEW 5 0 F the quadrangles5Charles L. B. Lowndes of the DukeUniversity Law School.According to the New York Times, inits first issue, The Supreme Court Re­view as the publication is called, main­tains the scholarly tradition of sharp ifrespectful criticism.While critical, the review does em­phasize the difficulty of the problemsfacing the justices.Professor Kalven, for example, findsthe court's opinions on the issue of ob­scenity highly unsatisfactory. But healso traces the many factors that haveto be considered. He comments:"The rest of us are fortunate indeedthat our job is so much easier and lessresponsible."Dean Levi writes about the Parke,Davis case of last spring, in which a 5-4majority seemingly restricted the rightof a manufacturer to enforce the. main­tenance of fixed retail prices in a non­fair-trade situation. He is critical ofboth opinions.Professor Meltzer also frowns on bothmajority and minority efforts in writingabout a decision last spring that a rail­road could not get a Federal court in­junction against a strike to enforce aunion demand that no jobs be abolishedwithout its consent.ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOCIALSCIENCES-Three of the nation's lead­ing publishers, Macmillan, Collier's En­cyclopedia and The Free Press of Glen­coe, Illinois, are combining resourcesto publish a major, new encyclopedia ofthe social sciences, the first in its fieldin more than a quarter of a century.W. Allen Wallis, professor of econom­ics and statistics and dean of the Gradu­ate School of Business at the Universityof Chicago, has been appointed chair­man of the editorial board of the newencyclopedia. He will be assisted by acouncil of advisors, composed of someof the nation's leading social scientists.Explaining the purpose of the newreference work, Dean Wallis pointed tothe growing importance of the socialsciences in 20th Century society."In the past few years," he said, "wehave stressed the physical sciences be­cause of our concern for defense, andthe biological sciences because of ourinterest in. better health. Perhaps ofeven greater importance to the con­tinued survival of our country and,therefore, the whole free world will beour ability to solve some of the greatsocial problems of the day."There have been some remarkableadvances in our knowledge of the socialsciences in the past 25 years and therehave emerged a great many eminentsocial scientists. In selecting our con­tributors, we hope to draw on the6 knowledge of these outstanding scholars,not only in the United States but aroundthe world."Bruce Y. Brett, president of Macmil­lan, said the new encyclopedia will filla need first pinpointed just five yearsago by a group of distinguished socialscientists in a study first conductedunder the auspices of the University ofChicago. That project was supportedby a Ford Foundation grant.Serving on the advisory council fromthe University of Chicago for the projectare: Prof. Fred Eggan, Department ofAnthropology; Prof. Bert F. Hoselitz,Division of Social Sciences; Prof. Ed­ward A. Shils, Committee on SocialThought; Prof. George J. Stigler, direc­tor of the Walgreen F ounda tion for theStudy of American Institutions.ARGONNE ANNIVERSARY-ArgonneNational Laboratory moves into its fif­teenth year in 1961 as a center forexploring the basic properties of theatomic nucleus and developing uses forthese properties.The Laboratory, a complex of morethan 100 buildings 25 miles from Chi­cago, near Lemont, Illinois, is an AtomicEnergy Commission facility operated bythe University of Chicago. Its total pay­roll, including technicians, laborers, andadministrative personnel, numbers ap­proximately 4,000. One thousand Ar­gonne scientists and engineers have con­tributed to practically every peacetimeapplication of atomic energy-nuclearpower, uses of radioactivity in industryand medicine, and education and train­ing of other scientists.Much of the research conducted atArgonne is associated with advanced,highly complex instruments. Here areexamples of some of them:Building a machine to study funda­mental properties of the nuclei of atomshas been a major Argonne project in1960. The $42,000,000 doughnut­shaped machine, to be completed in1962, will be known as the Zero Gradi­ent Proton Synchrotron ( ZGS ) . Thedoughnut will consist of a 4,000-tonring of eight magnets with a hollowcenter. Protons, one of the types ofnuclear particles, will be shot aroundthis ring at a velocity approaching thespeed of light. They will emerge tocrash into target atoms, splitting theirnuclei into particles.Scientists from throughout the world,and in particular from midwestern uni­versities, will join Argonne staff mem­bers in studying these particles, some ofwhich can exist independently for lessthan a millionth of a second, to gaininformation about the structure of the atomic nucleus and the laws governingits composition.As 1960 drew to a close, buildings tohouse the ZGS began to take shape. The 1magnet will be housed in a circular Istructure, 210 feet in diameter, 58 feethigh. A 90-foot high structure in thecenter of the circle houses power andcooling equipment for the magnet ring.Both will be almost completely coveredby a mound of earth serving as a shield.against radiation. IArgonne's new atom smasher will beone of the largest particle accelerators.It will accelerate greater numbers ofparticles than any other machine of itstype to energies of 12.5 Bev (billionelectron volts). It is expected to pro­duce all currently known or antiCipatedsub-nuclear particles in large enoughnumbers so that their properties can bedetermined with high precision.Another major tool for basic researchinto the nature of matter was completedand placed in use early in 1960. Thisinstrument - a double - focusing massspectrometer of 100 - inch radius - isbeing used by Argonne's Special Ma­terials and Services Division as a toolfor research in nuclear chemistry andphysics.One of the world's largest instrumentsof its type, the mass spectrometer sortsout atomic nuclei of different relativeweights (masses) with greater accuracythan previously was possible. It willdetermine the relative amounts of nucleiof different masses and also will mea­sure their exact weights. The instru­ment is called a "double-focusing" massspectrometer because it focuses a beamof atomic nuclei for variations in bothdirection and velocity.A giant "atomic spotlight," developedseveral years ago, continued to makecontributions to Argonne's basic researchwork during 1960. This instrument,called a biological spectrograph, is theworld's largest of its type. It is usedto determine the reactions of livingorganisms to different wave lengths( colors) of light. The spectrographserves as a molecular spotlight, enablingscientists to learn more about the mole­cules that make up plant and animalcells, and particularly which ones reactto light upon absorbing it.One recent project in which thespectrograph was used involved reset­ting, through use of different colors oflight, the natural physiological "timeclocks" that exist in all cells. One-celledanimals called paramecia were exposedto different wave lengths of light atvarious times. Research workers foundthat the animals' "clocks" could bereset easily by exposure to ultravioletlight. Typical effects were alterationof mating response and alteration ofbasic chemical activities of the cells.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOThis, in turn, could be reversed by ex­posing the paramecia to longer wavelength�, such as blue violet in the visiblespectrum.Argonne scientists believe that oncethey understand the chemistry of na­ture's time clocks, they will have a wayto probe the mechanism that controlswakefulness and sleepiness in humans..While much of the research conductedat Argonne is associated with advanced,highly complex instruments, many staffmembers are conducting Significantresearch projects using ingenious butrelatively uncomplicated equipment.One of these research projects in­volves studying the results of the growthof algae in heavy water. (In every1,000 gallons of ordinary water thereare about two pints of "heavy water,"given this name because its hydrogenatom weighs twice as much as ordinaryhydrogen.)The Argonne research workers havedeveloped methods of keeping the algaealive in pure heavy water, and theresulting heavy hydrogen-bearing algaeare used to study the effects of heavyhydrogen upon living organisms. Themost important finding has been thatheavy hydrogen slows up the rate ofbody chemistry. This suggests that atsome future time heavy hydrogen maybe useful in the treatment of disease.Using atoms that artificially havebeen made radioactive, Argonne physi­cists are continuing their studies of mat­ter by exploring atomic nuclei. A formof radiation known as the gamma rayis employed by physicists to study vi­brations of nuclei. In one variety of these experiments,known as "resonance absorption" ex­periments, Argonne physicists haveplaced a piece of the radioactive isotopecobalt-57 on the axis of a toolmaker'slathe. When this substance undergoesradioactive decay, it becomes iron-57which then emits gamma rays. On thecarriage of the lathe a piece of non­radioactive iron-57 can absorb thegamma rays from the source. It is "intune" with the gamma ray emitter whenthe lathe is not moving; the rays areabsorbed and re-irradiated in all direc­tions.When the carriage of the lathe ismoved, even very slowly, the gammaray waves are "out of tune" with theiron-57 receiver, and the beam passesright on through the stable atoms. Thishappens because, with movement, thereis an ever-so-small shift in the wavelength of the gamma rays. Physicistscall this change a "Doppler shift." (Itis somewhat like the change you hearin the tone of the whistle of a rapidlyapproaching and departing railroadtrain. )If the frequency of the emittedgamma ray differs from that of the ab­sorbing iron-57 atomic nuclei by as littleas one oscillation in ten million million(1013), the resonance effect disappears.Argonne scientists are studying whathappens to this resonance when thereare minute changes in the sending andreceiving atoms. They also are usingresonance experiments to test the funda­mental theories of radiation and to testEinstein's famous theory of relativity. Having shown the feasibility of gen­erating electricity from steam made byboiling water directly inside the fuel­bearing center of a nuclear reactor, Ar­gonne engineers worked in 1960 to im­prove the efficiency of nuclear powerplants. An example of these efforts isthe fifth in a series of BORAX (BoilingWater Reactor Experiment) reactorsunder construction by the Laboratoryat the National Reactor Testing Stationin central Idaho. When finished in thespring of 1961, BORAX V will have asuperheater, equipment for passingsteam back through the center of a nu­clear reactor to raise its temperatureeven further and make power genera­tion more efficient.Another major nuclear power projectbeing constructed by Argonne in Idahois the first full-scale "breeder" reactorin the United States .. Using this concept,Argonne scientists will employ some ofthe neutrons from a nuclear chain re­action to "breed" additional fissionablefuel from material that normally is notfissionable. This project is also expectedto be completed in the spring of 1961.It will be known as ExperimentalBreeder Reactor II (EBR-II). The con­cept of "breeding" nuclear fuel is theo­retically capable of multiplying theworld's potential supply of atomic fuelbyover 100 times.Although the examples of basic re­search cited are typical, they representonly a small fraction of the projectscarried out by Argonne scientists intheir efforts to learn more and moreabout the universe in which we live.THE TRACK THAT GOT AROUND-These resolute members of theUniversity of Chicago Track Club spent some bitter-cold days thisfall digging away the surface of the old cinder running track atStagg Field and replacing it with 1200 barrels of En-Tout-Cas, aFEBRUARY, 1961 very special surfacing material. The material was used at SoldiersField for the Pan-American Games of 1959. When the ChicagoPark District threatened to cover it over with asphalt, Coach TedHaydon talked Mayor Daley into their transplanting it here.7CATCHING UP ON SLEEPDreams-long the private experiences oftheir dreamer and wh�tever soothsayersand headshrinkers he might consult­have been finding their way into themore solid textbooks of science. Becauseof key research at the University ofChicago, a whole new fund offacts onour night life is now available to us.8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOWhat are dreams? Are they, as that master plotter ofdreams, Shakespeare, suggested, "the children of anidle brain, Begot of nothing but vain fantasy, Which isas thin of substance as the air And more inconstantthan the wind."Although, when he first began investigating the sub­ject of sleep 35 years ago, Nathaniel Kleitman could saythat "our information is not much more advancedthan that of the ancients," today, thanks to his pioneer­ing work, sleep is much less a dark and mysterious worldto be forgotten upon waking. It remains a "subjectiverealm" in which the sole witness to. the dream is thedreamer himself. However, as a result of Mr. Kleitman'slong research into dreams at the University of Chicago,scientists can now tell us much about the events thatoccur during the one-third of our life-time we spendin sleep.When Mr. Kleitman became an emeritus professor ofpsychology last year, he left behind him at the Uni­versity two research projects investigating differentaspects of sleep. In one project a four-man team fromthe Department of Psychiatry is attempting to shedsome light on the psychological factors involved indreams. They have discovered, for instance, that peopletend to dream about the same subjects, in the samesequence, and at about the same time several nightsin a row.Allan Rechtschaffen, assistant professor of psychology,heads this four-man team. His co-workers are WilliamOffenkrantz, MD and Harry Trosman, MD, both asso­ciate professors of psychiatry and practicing psychia­trists at the University's Billings Hospital, and EdwardWolpert, senior medical student who holds a PhD inpsychology.In another dream laboratory on campus a psychologistexploring the physiological aspects of dreaming reportsthat people dream much more in color than has hereto­fore been suspected and that, while dreaming, a personis much less responsive to outside noises than when indeep sleep. Discoverer of these facets of dreaming isJoe Kamiya, assistant professor of psychology, who isfollowing in Mr. Kleitman's footsteps in the Depart­ment of Psychology. Mr. Kamiya is working under a$20,000 grant from the National Institutes of MentalHealth.Previous findings of the various dream researchersat the University have revealed the following:-Almost all of us dream every single night, whether weare aware of it or not. In six hours of continuous sleep,the average person spends a total of 64 minutes indreaming. In eight or more hours of sleep, the averageperson dreams from a total of one and a half to twohours. Periods of dreaming occur at intervals duringthe night, and vary from eight or nine to 30 or moreminutes in length.-Everyone has from three to seven dreams in a normalnight, although in ordinary life a person may remembernone or perhaps only one of these dreams.+-Dream recall drops sharply following the end of adream. If the dreamer is awakened as the dream epi­sode ends, 70 percent of the time he has total recall.If the experimenter waits as long as five minutes afterthe dream is ended to waken the subject, the amountof recall drops sharply.FEBRUARY, 1961 -"Short as any dream" is the way Lysander character­ized love. The notion that a long series of events can becompressed into a moment of dreaming is false. Ittakes about as long for a subject to dream an eventas it does for him to narrate that event.-Characteristically, a person's dream sequence duringa night's sleep is like a reverse roller-coaster. Thedeepest sleep of the night occurs right after drop­ping off and lasts for only about 20 minutes. For thenext 70 minutes there is a climb out of it into lightersleep, when the first dream occurs. This usually aver­ages about nine minutes. In the third hour of sleep,the second dream usually occurs and may last for about19 minutes. The next dream lasts about 24 minutes,and, by the seventh hour of sleep, the dream sequenceis stretched out to 28 minutes.The key that opened the dream world to research wasdiscovered by accident. Mr. Kleitman describes thework in a recent issue of Scientific American: "Duringa study of the cyclic variations of sleep in infants, agraduate student named Eugene Aserinsky observedthat the infant's eyes continued to move under its closedlids for some time after all major body movements hadceased with the onset of sleep. The eye movementswould stop and then begin again from time to time,and were the first movements to be seen as the infantwoke up."These observations suggested that eye movementsmight be used to follow similar cycles in the depth ofsleep in adults. Recordings were also made of thesleepers' brain waves, pulse and respiration and grossbody movements.The most rapid eye movements were found to comein "clusters" which often lasted with interruptions, aslong as 50 minutes. As each of these series began, thebrain waves changed from the pattern typical of deepsleep to one indicating lighter sleep. Pulse and respira­tion increased, and the sleeper lay motionless.Mr. Kleitman's hunch was that this pattern had some­thing to do with dreams. "Let's wake up some subjectswhen the eye movements occur and find out."The results were a confirmed description of adreamer: He usually fidgets about before the dreambegins. Then, like a spectator in a theatre, he settlesdown as the curtain goes up, and spellbound, watchesthe performance of his dream on the stage. His eyemovements indicate the direction of his interests inthe dream; for example, rapid horizontal movementscharacterized a dream a subject reported as a tennismatch played with tomatoes.The subjects for dream research, usually studentseager to earn $5.00 a night, report slightly before theirregular bedtime.Before a subject turns in for the night, electrodesare taped on his head to record brain waves and justabove and alongside each eye to record eye movements.These electrodes are then connected to an electro­encephalograph (EEG). The large body movementswhich signal the end of a dream episode are also re­corded on the same EEG. Surprisingly, all the subjectssleep soundly!After a subject falls asleep, a technician in an adjoin­ing room-usually a graduate student in psychology or9a medical student-keeps an eye on the wavering pensof the EEG. Fairly slow movements of the pens indi­cate deep sleep. When the patient begins to dream,the machine's graph registers a sharp rise. As soon asthe moving pens indicate that a dream episode is over,the technician ring's a buzzer to waken the sleeper. Thesubject sits up and tells his dream into a tape recorder,switches it off, and goes back to sleep.Sometimes the subject's experiences of the night areenhanced by carefully controlled disturbances, to testthe validity of the phenomenon Shakespeare was de­scribing when he had Caesar's wife suffer troubled, ill­omened dreams during a stormy night. Would externalevents suggest or affect the content of dreams experi­enced in the sleep lab? William Dement and EdwardA. Wolpert exposed a number of subjects to the stimuliof sound, light and drops of water during periods ofdreaming. When awakened by the falling water, sixdreamers out of 15 reported falling water in theirdreams; water appeared in 14 out of 33 dreams ofsleepers who experienced this but were not awakenedby the stimulus. The electric bell used to routinelyawaken the subjects found its way into 20 out of 204dreams.Why do we dream? The famous psychoanalyst,Thomas French, has suggested that dreams representattempts at problem-solving. Earlier, Sigmund Freudsaid that all the dreams of a night are parts of a singlewhole.The Department of Psychiatry dream research teamfeels that their work lends support to these theories.They are now studying subjects more intensively togain a broader understanding of what they term the"waxing and waning" phenomena.For example, suppose during the working day a manhas' a fight with his boss. That night he first dreamsthat some prominent man is ill. In the second dream,he dreams that the boss has gone on a long trip. Inthe last dream he is a sick child, and his mother istaking care of him."We like to try to figure out why he chose theseparticular images in this particular order," Dr. Qffen­krantz explains. "Why not just dream that the boss wasfired? In the first two dreams there is a waxing of angryfeelings toward the boss which are represented by'prominent man's illness' and 'the boss's long trip.' Pre­sumably, the dreamer has to be devious because he hassuch a strong guilt reaction at expressing angry feelingstoward an authority figure that the feelings of guiltmight waken him. This guilt may be the reason why inthe last dream he's so frightened by the intensity of hisfeelings he has completely retreated. A sick child can'thurt anyone."The group is studying the effect of motivation ondreams by paying a subject to dream more or less.For instance, a subject is given a slip of paper when hearrives, which may offer him one dollar for each extra15 minutes of dreaming above or below the average.The technician does not know who gets a slip or whatis on it.Narcoleptic patients, who suffer from a form of epi­lepsy which makes them fall asleep frequently duringthe day, are also being studied by the team.10 Dr. OfIenkrantz has also conducted experiments with Ia congenitally blind man, who reported that he didnot have visual dreams. His dreams consisted of con­versations, sensations, and emotional feelings.What happens if a subject is awakened at the begin­ning or in the middle of a dream? Monitoring the sub­ject's cycles, the researchers awakened them as SOon asthey started to dream and thus kept them from dream­ing. Of course it was necessary to be certain that dream­ing had started before attempting to stop it, so such in­terference could not entirely deprive the subject of hisdreaming. But a total dreaming time could be reducedby 75 to 80 percent. Mr. Kleitman reports the followingexperiences of William Dement, in working with eightsubjects: Attempts to curtail their dreaming in thecourse of three to seven consecutive nights requiredin each case a progressively larger number of awaken­ings-in some cases three times as many. During the"recovery" period after this ordeal, the dreaming time offive of the subjects went up to 112 minutes, or 27 percentof the sleeping time on the first night and gradually fellback to normal 80 minutes on succeeding nights. In sixof the subjects, arousal in the midst of nondreamingperiods during the "control" nights of sleep had noeffect on dreaming during the recovery nights that fol­lowed. The curtailment of dreaming time producedanxiety, irritability, a greater appetite and a gain inbody weight; the control awakenings had no sucheffects. As soon as the subjects of the experiment wereallowed their usual dreaming time, they regained theiremotional composure.On one of the 6:30 AM TV classroom programs, Dr.Offenkrantz told of the New York disk jockey whooffered himself as a subject for sleep research whenhe stayed awake for a marathon 201 hours and 10 min­utes. (This is not a record; several persons, includingMr. Kleitman, have gone without sleep for 240 hoursor so, which seems to be about the limit.) The D.].exhibited practically every symptom in the book, begin­ning with simple mental lapses. Eventually, like Mac­beth, who "murdered sleep," he was suffering from vividhallucinations-including one time when he thought avisitor's suit was composed of thousands of writhingworms.Among the important facts about normal sleeping andwaking patterns revealed by this experiment was adefinition of a kind of alertness cycle: the body seemsto have a built-in cycle which includes three low periods-one, around nine or ten in the morning, the latter partof the afternoon, and between 1 AM and 6 AM.Another observation from this experiment was thatwhen the disk jockey finally succumbed to sleep, heseemed to need to make up for all the dreams he hadmissed. In his first sleep, he dreamed a total of thirtydreams! Perhaps the student who had bundled up hispajamas and was heading for a night at the sleep labwasn't kidd!,ng when he said, "I'm off to catch up onmy dreams.But, is it now possible to tell 'the stuff that dreamsare made of?' The researchers will be at work manymore years before they will be able to reconstruct thewonders told in Prospera's book.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOPHOTOS: ALBERT C. FLORESTo obtain a record of dreams, research­ers tape electrodes to the head of thesubject and alongside his eyes. Theelectrodes are then connected with anelectro-encephalograph, which also re­cords large body movements.FEBRUARY, 1961 j I11Allan Rechtschaffen reads theEEG. Diagrams show (at right)the brain-wave patterns revealedby the EEG at each level ofsleep, and (at left) the episodesof dreaming (the dark peaks inthe graph) recorded by one sub­ject during four different nights.The numbers across the top ofthe diagram indicate leneth. ofthe successive periods of dreams.12 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOTheodore W. Schultz, professor and chairman of economics, first visited Russia ui1929. Last summer he returned to that country, and found that in these thirty yearsRussia has earned herself an"Elegant Bit of Obesity"By Theodore W. Schultz. Mr. Schultz waschairman of a team of six Americaneconomists who spent a month inRussia this summer as guests of theAcademy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.,under the sponsorship of the Committeefor Economic Development. Plantsproducing both consumer and producergoods were included, as well asGos plan at highest administration level.FEBRUARY, 1961 In 1929, I covered a part of tile same area that wewent over this time, namely the area in ana about Kief,the same trip by train from Kief to Kharkov and inand about Kharkov. The differences between then andnow are striking and nearly all of them bespeak eco­nomic progress.Horse drawn cabs and wagons have been replacedby taxis, automobiles and many trucks in the cities. In1929 there were beggars at every turn and there weremany men in uniform; this time I saw no beggars inthese cities (the police may keep them out) and notmany soldiers about. People appear well-fed and a feweven carry an elegant bit of obesity, especially amongthose in hotels and at the theater, where earlier it wasquite otherwise. The amount of new construction, par­ticularly in Kief, is large.The countryside revealed fully as marked changes.It was harvest time on both of these occasions. In 1929,way into the night and then again before sunrise onesaw countless numbers of peasants toiling at the back­breaking work of harvesting wheat or rye with a scytheand binding it by hand, while others were loadingsheaves on primitive ox-drawn carts to be hauled oftena long distance to the village in which they lived. Allthis is gone, and so are the endless strips of land thatthen marked the countryside. Now a field consists ofhundreds of acres and harvesting is done by a fleet oflarge tractor-drawn combines. Some fields are weedyand the grain is often uneven, the yield is small. Farmworkers are crowded onto small plots in what wasformerly "their" village. Crops on these plots are heavywith grain, corn, sunflowers, potatoes and other vege­tables are of luxuriant growth, promising a large yield.Each plant receives the painstaking care of its diligentgardener. Occasionally a horse-drawn wagon appearsas of old, serving whom it would be hard to guess.Now, late in the evening and early in the morning,farm workers are in their plots trying to win a bit moreproduce from their tiny acre. The Soviet has won forherself an agriculture of big tractors and many hoes_.A basic question is, what is the optimum size of afarm? The Soviet answer still is, "A very large farm,13the bigger the better." In her drive to "attain this ob­jective she has developed a highly bimodal agriculturewith most farming units at either of the extremes­exceedingly large or unbelievably small. Back of thisbimodal development lies the obsession that big powerdriven machinery is the key to the agrarian problem.The result is that the machine farms are made largeenough to employ a fleet of large tractors, e.g., theircrawl D. T. 54's or better still S-80's. Having forced thesize of her farms to this extreme, the Soviet has becomesaddled with a second set of farms, i.e., millions ofplot dwellers consisting of farm families on the verylarge State and Collective units.Most of the large farming units are all too extensiveand the "private" plots are all too intensive given thelabor, land, and reproducible capital available for agri­cultural production. Much more could be producedwith these resources if most of them were organizedinto units ranging between 50 to 500 acres instead ofbeing forced into either many thousands or one acreunits. Even the large units would be much moreeconomical if the large tractors were complemented byintermediate and small tractors and related machinery.(There are some signs that this adjustment is slowlytaking place on which I'll comment presently.) Thereal anomaly about Soviet agriculture is the persistenceand the importance of the tiny plots in producing solarge a stream of products, mainly animal products,fruits and vegetables despite the many obstacles thathave been placed in their paths.These plot dwellers are labor intensive in the ex­treme. Undoubtedly on many of them labor is appliedto the point of zero returns. Nowhere in WesternEurope is peasant farming so inefficient in the employ­ment of labor. Suppose Gosplan were to increase theration of land per plot, say to no more than 10 acres,and suppose it were to make available to those whofarm these plots small hand tractors with suitableequipment, the increase in agricultural output, I amconvinced, would be impressive, chiefly of products thatare presently very scarce. Even so, ten acre farms(plots) would be much less than the optimum formost of Soviet agriculture.Adjustments to achieve an economic unit that wouldbe more nearly optimum also can be had from theother direction, i.e., the very large units could be "de­centralized." One small step would be to introduceintermediate and small sized tractors and machinery.Doing this would permit increases in the more inten­sive crops and thus employ both land and labor moreefficiently. The expansion in corn and sugar beets, bothrow crops, is having this effect as smaller tractors,i.e., the D.T. 20's and even smaller types, are beingintroduced. In this connection, developments in partsof the Republic of Georgia are noteworthy. The hillyterrain and the specialized crops (grapes, peaches,apricots, pears, tea, for example) simply could not beplaced under a fleet of large tractors, and thus, it hasbeen spared being forced into that extreme. Then, toothe Research Institutes, the various trusts that controlsome of these specialized crops and the small semi­peasant farms (plots of village folk) have each resistedthe excessively large; they have sought instead tech­niques and machinery appropriate for intermediate and14 relatively small farming units. Moreover, they may besucceeding in their efforts for it appears they are notbeing engulfed in the Moscow tide demanding everlarger farming units. Not to be overlooked in makingthis assessment is the fact that the agriculture of much 'of Georgia has been far more "profitable" for the people Iengaged in it than has been the case in most of therest of the country. jIAROUND major cities there are being established Irings of large, specialized farms to supply (more) milk Iand other dairy products, eggs and chickens, also somepork and vegetables and fruits appropriate to the area.Von Thunen's famous I?_er Isolierte Staat comes readily Ito mind. But the basic assumption of isolated cities is ;not meaningful in the U.S.S.R. Moreover, as transporta-Ition improves more regional specialization rather than Iless is the principal economic prospect, especially inagriculture, because of the large role that differences Iin soil, climate and other attributes of the natural en-,dowment play in determining the types of farmingthat are most economic.A milk shed adjacent to a large (city) consumingcenter is consistent with European and U.S. experience.The economics of locations, however, does not indicate Ithat chickens and eggs and surely not pork (unless thefeed is city garbage) are so closely linked to consumingcenters. Although Western experience with vegetablesand fruits is somewhat mixed on this point, in generalproducing areas are not located in close proximity tothe cities that consume the products.Here, too, the bias of bigness plagues the Soviet.In chickens, whether for eggs or meat, a flock of fiveor even twenty five thousand birds is deemed to be alltoo small, 750,000 or more birds is the goal. The "gains"to be had from even larger flocks may even justifylarger cities! Meanwhile, I'd be surprised if it werenot true that most of the eggs and chicken meat in theSoviet comes from flocks of less than 30 birds on privateplots, which operate under restrictions that force themto be very inefficientA state farm near Kief to fatten hogs exemplifiesthis drive for bigness. This "show place" fed anddelivered 32,000 head during 1959. Most of the hogsthat were fed were brought from Collective farms. Thefeed mixing and cooking facilities and the feeding floorsand sheds were, if anything, all too labor saving. Fourthousand hogs required eight workers to feed and carefor them. This farm has in it 2,000 hectares of arableland (also 318 hectares of forest land), although most ofthe feed was purchased. Altogether the farm accounts,as these are kept, indicated that this farm was very"profitable."But all this does not hide the fact that 520 personswere employed on this farm. One hundred and fifty ofthem were engaged on construction of new facilities,thus leaving 370 workers for current farm production.Half this number would be excessive; one-tenth wouldbe "efficient." In contrast to the performance of those(they were clad in white aprons!) who cared for thehogs, those who cared for the corn had done less well.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOThe corn fields were weedy and the growth was spotty,although it had been row checked, and cultivated withmodern power driven machinery and also hoed byhand. The uneven growth was mainly because themanure had been spread very unevenly presumably bypitching it about with a fork. The weeds prospered. because of the poor use of the machinery and the in­different use of the hoe.A promising new development around cities is to beseen in the rise in the number of farm workers who aretransferring to nonfarm employment while maintainingthe farm house (and «private" plot attached) as theirresidence. This development serves to reduce the sizeof the excessively large farm labor force and, also, toreduce the pressure on urban housing which is still invery short supply.Not a few of the state farms located near to majorcities are experiencing this shift; on some over a fourthof the farm houses plus plots are presently occupiedby such nonfarm workers. On the Kief pig feeding farm,referred to above, even some new houses were beingbuilt for such occupancy. Rent (see below) is charged,in this case 25 rubles a month! No doubt these workerscontinue to till intensively their small. «private" plotsand maintain a cow, a small flock of chickens and pro­duce a few pigs both for home consumption and forsale. Official policy, however seeks to discourage someof this production: small town and urban workers arediscouraged from keeping productive livestock.Soviet doctrine has long held that it could abolishrent. This doctrine is not going unchallenged; more­over, economic doctrine and practice often diverge be­cause on issues of this kind Soviet planners and admin­istrators are often pragmatic. But this doctrine is nosmall obstacle both in attaining particular welfare ob­jectives and in allocating resources efficiently.In administering State farms, I suspect that .there isa substantial investment bias in favor of those farmsproducing relatively large "profits" even though such"profits" only reflect differences in the natural endow­ment, that is, differences in the value productivity ofthe land. The State of course can take these "profits."What happens however, in making forward plans, isthat those farms with large "profits" find it easier to getapproval to make new investments than do those withsmall "profits." Thus, there is a systematic under­investment on State farms with small or no rent incomerelative to those farms that happen to have highly pro­ductive land. (We saw two State farms, with large in­vestment programs based on "profits" won in largemeasure from such rents.)In administering Collective farms, the State cannotget at this rent directly through "profits" because theincome that is generated by rent, i.e., the value produc­tivity of land, goes to the Collective. Multiple pricingof farm products is a most inefficient way of «recaptur­ing" these differences in rent. Under a one-price sys­tem, a Collective farm on good land is in clover com­pared to another Collective farm, often a neighboringfarm, on land that should be farmed although it is onland producing little or no rent. All manner of devicesare employed to counteract the effects of these differ­ences in rent; none are a tax on pure rent; all, as far asOne can tell, generate malallocations and welfare diffi-FEBRUARY, 1961 culties. A special difficulty arises in this connection asthe Soviet Union seeks to combine two or more of theexisting Collective farms into one still larger farm. Un­derstandably, the farm people on a Collective farm withsuperior land will be most reluctant to combine withanother Collective farm with inferior land, unless theycan protect and continue to obtain the rent from their"property rights" in such superior land.There are about 11 million hectares of irrigated land.Much has been invested to develop this land and to pro­vide the water. But rent is not used to allocate thisland; nor are there payments for the water. Both theland and the water are rationed.Thus at every turn one sees the consequences of thedoctrine that rent should be abolished. On State farms,there is relative underinvestment on those farms withpoor land; on Collective farms, there is a resistance tosurrender the "property rights" arising out of differencesin the value productivity of the land; the expensivefacilities that go with irrigation are used very unevenlythrough a rationing of the water; and, most serious andobvious, in production that is foregone each year, arethe tiny parcels of land which cannot be increasedeither by purchase or by renting, which are the lots ofthe plot dwellers.Soviet agriculture presently is "hoarding" an exceed­ingly large labor force. It could make millions of workersavailable to industry. An efficiently organized agricul­ture based on modern science and a better assortmentof reproducible capital would release 10, 15 or even 20million workers. The potential opportunity is indeedimpressive. The difficulties that beset the Soviet intaking advantage of this large opportunity, inherent inthe Soviet approach to agriculture, are many. The de­mand for more nonfarm workers is strong; the quantityof urban housing is being increased rapidly; adminis­trative obstacles to the migration of people from farmsto cities are being reduced, although some major citiesrestrict severely new entrances from farms; and, bettereducation is becoming a major asset in this migrationfrom farms. Nevertheless, until agriculture is organizedmuch better than it has been so far, the reduction inthe farm labor force will take place very slowly. Mean­while, the logic of the Soviet treatment of agriculturedrives her ever farther to the two extremes.T HE mistakes in the allocation of physical capital inindustry are more difficult to detect than are such de­velopments in agriculture. Notwithstanding the strongpragmatic bent of those who plan and administer theformation of this new capital, both the nature of theorganization and the doctrine that capital does not re­quire an "interest rate" to match its productivity toguide allocations, take their toll. Energy from hydro­electric installations has been pushed too far and toolong relative to electricity from coal; and both of thesewere favored too long before turning to oil and naturalgas. Heavy investments in the electrification of a longrailroad instead of using diesel locomotives also is a casein point, Too many trucks are carrying a few sacks orpoles or are being driven about empty; and, not in-15frequently, there are three expensive large cranes in usein building an apartment house where one crane wouldbe more efficient use of such capital. Moscow's ornatesubway and also the elaborate hotel in which we stayedwhile in Moscow are monuments of wasted capital.Yet, in spite of these important adverse factors, therate of growth of the Soviet economy has been impres­sive. It is of course true if total investments are largeenough they can swamp the effects of many allocativemistakes. Large investments, however, cut down onthe flow of goods available for current consumption andthis, coupled with the long neglect of quality and as­sortment in consumer goods, must have impaired over­all incentives to work, other things roughly equal. Themissing piece in this puzzle, so it seems to me, is in thevast amount of training that has taken place and in theadvances in education. Both of these have served tosatisfy particular preferences in consumption. Both, also,have contributed much to the rapid rise in the capabili­ties of the main industrial labor force making it moreproductive. Counting all inputs, labor is quantitativelylarger than all the rest of the inputs together. A markedimprovement in the quality of the labor input, therefore,could be exceedingly important in achieving economicgrowth. \The improvement of particular qualities of a peopleis one of the major tenets of Soviet ideology. It is clearthat this tenet is firmly held when it comes to makingthe labor force more effective in doing the kinds ofskilled work required to operate a technically advancedeconomy and, also, when it comes to making a peopleaware of and appreciative of their past cultural attain­ments. This tenet, however, would appear to rule outsome types of qualities in man; namely, the develop­ment of a faculty for the critical evaluation of any andall doctrines and the creative talents in the fine arts.Individual Russians, when pressed, tell one that thishas been happening only because of "practical con­siderations" pertaining to the winning of an industrialbase, economic growth, national power and "security,"that have up to now been so demanding that there havebeen neither resources nor room for the many highlytalented Russians who wanted to make their contribu­tions in the arts. Criticisms of fundamental doctrines,so central a part of university life in Western Europeand with us, invites social disturbances that Sovietideology cannot tolerate.Thus, up to a point, the support that Soviet doctrinegives to improving the quality of human effort con­tributes much to their task of achieving economicgrowth. National health programs fall into this class.Education rates very high on this score. On-the-jobtraining and all manner of study programs in andabout industrial plants are in this category.There are obvious signs that suggest that self-improve­ment is rated high by many people. Where people hap­pen to stand in line waiting to be served, perhaps onein five will be reading a book; so do many while theyare riding a bus. Serious books, many pertaining totechnical subjects, are abundant and inexpensive. Inplant after plant, whenever a question was asked thatprovided even a faint excuse, we would be told withobvious pride and sincerity about the provisions that theparticular plant had made for training and study pro-16 grams to improve the capabilities of workers at alllevels including its technicians, engineers and directors.Soviet ideology has given rise to many doctrineswhich serve as rules for conduct and social control.Such doctrines abound in economic affairs. Some ofthese have been negative; for example, marginal an­alysis, interest and rent are deemed to be more cap­italistic instrumentalities. But the Soviet cannot hideall of the mistakes that she has made that are a directresult of the neglect of these particular economic tools.On the positive side, Soviet ideology, no doubt, hasgreatly strengthened the belief that it is important toimprove the quality of human effort. This aspect oftheir ideology, also, may be treated as a doctrine havingparticular cultural and economic implications. How­ever critical one may be of the cultural component, itresults in rules of action that expand the rate of invest­ments in human beings, .investments that improve thecapabilities that are useful in economic endeavor. Ac­cordingly, this part of Soviet ideology may serve themwell indeed; it would appear to give the Soviet a sub­stantial economic advantage over most of WesternEurope in improving the quality of the labor force.Although the United States has done much better onthis score than has Western Europe generally, ourachievements in improving human capabilities are notso much a consequence of economic insights or motivesas they have been of our political democracy serving awidely based electorate coupled with a belief that edu­cation for all people is essential if our form of govern­ment is to function successfully.N 0 doubt there are several reasons for the keennessof people in the Soviet to acquire knowledge and skills.Traditional attitudes have been favorable; Soviet ide­ology, as already noted, has strongly encouraged thisview toward education and other means of self-improve­ment; and, material incentives have been so set thatthey have acted as a strong inducement along with ex­panded opportunities for upward social mobility as peo­ple responded to these incentives.It is by no means easy, however, to get at the incen­tives to work and improve one's capabilities even inone's own society, much less in a society so foreign anddifferent as is the Soviet. Forced labor, which up untilvery recently must have been a large component in theSoviet, is far removed from the inducements of normaleconomic incentives. The persecution and political un­certainty facing millions of farm people in their effortsto win some additional income from their plots, hasbeset them with serious negative incentives, do whatthey may. Nor do these two exhaust the groups ofpeople in the Soviet who have been deemed to besocially undesirable and who have been penalized if noteliminated. Surely no casual observations can detectthe role that coercion plays in enforcing labor disci­pline. The 1956 decree should have improved the statusof workers but it may well be true that in practice thisdecree has not put an end to the use of coercion inmaintaining labor discipline. There still may be seriouspenalties for unexcused absence from work, socialTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOsecurity benefits may be manipulated and economicpressures to keep workers from leaving one job maystill be enforced. Every worker presumably must havea "labor pass book" which would readily serve as aserious coercive device. Then, too, how can one assessthe effects of long neglect and the recent improvementsin consumer goods upon incentives to work?Nevertheless, I would venture the view that, for themain stream of industrial workers, Soviet planners andadministrators have been outstandingly successful indeveloping a system of incentives coupled with public(state) assistance to induce such workers at all levelsto improve their capabilities. Thus, in improving thequality of human effort, an exceedingly important as­pect of economic development, it is altogether plausiblethat the Soviet is doing well indeed and that we mightvery well gain useful insights from them in this con­nection. This assessment may seem paradoxical, for itimplies that in bringing such incentives to bear theSoviet has been more orthodox than we have been inapplying particular "dictates" of classical economics.The incentives of labor discipline to "induce" an in­tensive pace of work are obvious in the sense that theyare geared to piece-work. The vast majority of the so­called production workers in the plants that we sawwere paid on a piece-work basis. Also, for the adminis­trative personnel including technicians and engineers,although they receive a salary which is relatively small,there are many types of bonuses which they earn forspecific performances above established norms, andthus they, too, substantially enhance their total earnings.The incentives to improve one's capabilities by parti­cipating in one of the many study programs consist ofvarious amounts of time off to study with pay and re­lated assistance. More important still are the promotionsthat entail an increase in pay that goes to those whosuccessfully complete such study programs. Nor havethese incentives been highly rigid; on the contrary,they seem to be fairly flexible in meeting changing sup­ply and demand situations affecting the value of labor.Several additional things need to be mentioned sothat the reader will not lose his perspective on the cen­tral issue under discussion. For one, although elemen­tary education is compulsory in the Soviet Union, it isstill very uneven. It is undoubtedly much better inurban centers than it is in most of the countryside be­cause of differences in quality of teachers, in the num­ber of days that children attend school during a year,and in number of years that they attend. While morethan half of the population is classified as rural,· it ac­counts for only about two-fifths of those persons whohave completed the elementary school and one-fourthof those who have completed the equivalent of our highschool. These differences are a major obstacle to themovement of rural people to the cities and there ob­taining access to the better jobs. Why more is not doneto assist a larger number of farm workers and theirfamilies to transfer to urban areas and enter the indus­trial labor force, is hard to understand in view of theactive part that the State is prepared to play in otherclosely related functions.Another development that is frequently out of focusin what is being said and written about Soviet educa­tion in the United States, bears on Soviet secondaryFEBRUARY, 1961 education. While it is true that there has been a veryrapid expansion in the number of students enrolled,rising from 1.5 million in 1950-51 to fully 5 million by1954-55 (but down somewhat since then, to 4.2 millionin 1958-59), less than one-half of those of high schoolage (14 to 17) are in school compared to nearly nine­tenths of such persons in the United States. The UnitedStates labor force is already well stocked with personswho have attended high school; over 30 percent of thelabor force has completed four years of high school,( another 20 percent has had one to three years in highschool) . In the Soviet, if one were to assume that allof those who have completed the secondary school whoare not attending universities and institutes, were inthe labor force, they would comprise about 9 percentof the labor force. Employers in the United States haveaccess to a labor force with much more education thando directors of enterprises in the Soviet Union and thisdifference no doubt has a bearing on the amount andkinds of training programs that the Soviet is engagedin to speed up its industrialization.In plant after plant we obtained information on pro­grams underway to improve the capabilities of workers.Some of these were for engineers, technicians and direc­tors who as a rule had not only completed a secondaryeducation but also had had some years at an advancedinstitute (college level instruction). Other programsserved those who wanted to complete their secondaryeducation. Most of the workers, however, who partici­pated in such programs were in effect mostly on a part­time basis during off hours or through correspondencecourses, receiving the advantages of a technicum (sec­ondary school level and vocational in purpose). Thetraining and study that these entailed may be closelyakin to our on-the-job training. Our observations, un­fortunately, were not in sufficient depth to form a judge­ment to make any useful comparisons: moreover, even ifour observations had been more complete on the natureof what is accomplished in these in-plant technicums,strange as it may seem, very little is known about theamount and scope of on-the-job training that is under­way in the United States. There are many impressionsthat it is still of major importance in spite of the vastimprovement in the amount of general education thatworkers possess.These brief comments on the unevenness of elemen­tary education, the small proportion of the members ofthe labor force who have completed a secondary edu­cation, and on the possibility that most of the studyprograms in the Soviet plants may be closely akin toour "on-the-job" training, while essential in keepingone's perspective, do not alter the fact that the Soviethas been rapidly improving the capabilities of the mainstream of her industrial labor force. Soviet ideologystrongly supports this objective; the people of Russiavalue education and self-improvement highly, andSoviet planners and administrators are indeed successfulin pursuing this important objective.Everywhere we went, we kept pressing the question,"What test do you have of the performance of thisgreat economic apparatus you have built?" They under:stood our question and they replied, "We build on faith,and we bet on good men." •17UniversityOrganist EDWARD MONDELLO, appointed University or­ganist this fall, succeeds his former teacher HeinrichFleischer. As organist, Mr. Mondello appears ,both inthe Rockefeller Memorial Chapel and Bond Chapelconcerts, both in solo recitals and with the UniversityChoir. Born in New York City where he attended theHigh School of Music and Art, Mr. Mondello was an.organist and piano recitalist with the Army's SpecialServices section during World War II. He receivedhis Bachelor of Music in 1950 from Kansas StateTeachers College, which he attended on a pianoscholarship, and has done graduate work at the Uni­versity of Chicago in musicology.He has been assistant organist at St. James Cathe­dral and organist at Sinai Temple, both in Chicago.And, since 1957 he has been on the Music Departmentstaff at North Park College.In the Bond Chapel concerts and the Divinity Schoolservices there, Mr. Mondello performs the Renaissanceand baroque church music appropriate to this intimatesetting' (the Chapel itself is about the size of the chan­cel in Rockefeller). The organ is a small classical instru­ment, voiced on the old European principles from thetime of Bach. A concert in this Chapel might include aHandel oboe concerto and organ concerto and thePalestrina Stabat Mater.On the large Rockefeller organ with its majesticsound which fills that huge chapel, Mr. Mondello'srepertoire ranges from Rennaissance to contemporary.Each quarter he gives a recital here. -The most recent,January 29, included Hindemith, a Bach toccata andfugue and a Franck chorale. •l8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOUniversityCarillonneurPERHAPS the most public of all instruments is thecarillon; its music is a free concert for all within rangeof the peal of its bells. However, the carillonneur hasno public image. No one sees him perform at hisclavier high in the chapel tower.Daniel Robins was appointed carillonneur of Rocke­feller Memorial Chapel and master of the MitchellTower Chimes early this fall. Since then the campushas heard much of his skill and repertoire in his twoweekly concerts and the many performances he givesin conjunction with Chapel events.The 23-year-old Mr. Robins, who holds a diplomafrom the Carillon Foundation of the Netherlands(Stichting Nederlandse Beiaardschool), completed a17-city carillon-playing tour in Europe prior to his ap­pointment here. His compositions for carillon have beenpublished by Carillon Foundation of the Netherlands,the University of Chicago Societas Campanorium, andthe Guild of Carillonneurs in North America. Theyoungest contestant ever to compete, Mr. Robins wonsecond prize in this year's International Carillon Com-FEBRUARY, 1961 petition at Rotterdam. He was a guest recitalist at theRoyal Palace in Amsterdam this spring, the first Ameri­can invited to play that carillon.The Rockefeller carillon is the second largest of theabout 300 carillons in the world. Its bells are locatedthroughout the whole Rockefeller tower and range fromthe largest weighing 18 and a half tons and measuringa good ten feet tall to a tiny bell like a dinner bell. Thebells are hung dead, with a clapper striking them fromthe outside. The instrument is played from a clavier in.a room about 200 feet up the tower: it has keys like rodsextending . horizontally from the clavier and it haspedals.The key action is deep-about three and a half inches-and the touch required is not light, the keys beingstruck by a downward motion of the closed fist. Yet, avariety of touch is achieved, and carillons have as widea dynamic range as any instrument (this is not true,however, of electronic carillons such as the one heardin the Loop). As an evidence of their trade, carillon­neurs develop a callous along the ridge of their little19Mr. Robins demonstrates the carillon to two young composersPhotographs by Albert C. Flores20 fingers. They also are not likely to gain much weight,as playing their instrument is quite athletic work.As an instrument, the carillon hit its height-itsgolden age-in the 16th century. Even today the caril­lon is thought of as a Lowlands art and the greatestschools are located there. Under the influence of theBelgians, it is played mostly as a folk instrument inEurope. Many American carillonneurs have tended toalso do this, as did Mr. Robins' two predecessors atRockefeller, both of whom studied in Belgium.Mr. Robins himself, as a loyal graduate of the Nether­lands school, considers the carillon a more serious in­. strument. "The Dutch are a little more aware that this"is the: 20th century," he says, "and a little more musical."Sources of a serious repertoire for the carillon are, how­ever, limited. As no two instruments are alike, trans­cription of individual pieces is always necessary to bestshow off the individual instruments. Thus very littlewritten music survives. While Mr. Robins admits thattranscription is not looked upon with favor by com­posers, he points out that many composers have donetheir own transcriptions, and cites the example of Bachtranscribing a piece for organ, harpsichord and lute.Contemporary composers such as Menotti and Barberhave shown some interest in the carillon. This is some­thing which Mr. Robins would like to see encouraged.He says, "Why shouldn't the carillon be considered themost beautiful of instruments. The bell is the mostperfect tone. The carillon is an instrument of well-tunedbells, so constructed that they can be controlledmusically."No one today really plays the carillon well, seriously.Yet, two times before in the 20th century minor instru­ments have been revived by serious performers-Lan­dowska with the harpsichord and Segovia with theguitar. I hope to see such a revival of interest in thecarillon." •THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGObook •remeuisEVOLUTION AFTER DARWIN: THEUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO CEN­TENNIAL, VOL. I, II, Ill: edited bySol Tax, PhD'35, professor of anthropol­ogy, University of Chicago. The Uni­versity of Chicago Press, 1960, eachvolume $10.00.The Evolution of Life, Its Origin, His­tory and Future (629 pp.) is the first ofthree volumes entitled Evolution AfterDarwin-a compilation of papers presentedby the scientist-authors during the DarwinCentennial Celebration in 1959 at the Uni­versity of Chicago. Sir Julian, Huxley'sessay which opens this volume, gives anintroduction to Charles Darwin and evolu­tion. There is then a review, from as­tronomy to virology, of our current knowl­edge of the origin of life.Volume II, The Evolution of Man: Mind,Culture and Society (473 pp.), opens withan essay by Alfred L. Kroeber whichserves as an introduction to the humanphase of evolution. After tracing the emer­gence of Homo sapiens and the gradualdevelopment of civilization, the papers inthis volume consider the nature of behaviorand mental activity leading up to man'spsychological development and concludewith an analysis of man's control, throughsociety and culture, of himself and hisdestiny.The third volume of the Darwin series,Issues in Evolution, presents a group ofpapers on the relationship between scienceand spiritual values, the record of theCelebration itself, including the transcribedand edited texts of the discussions, and anindex to all three volumes.AMERICA AND THE IMAGE OF EU­ROPE, REFLECTIONS ON AMERI­CAN THOUGHT: by Daniel J. Boorstin,professor of history, University ofChicago. Meridan Books, Inc., 1960,192 pp., $1.35.The essays that make up America andthe Image of Europe challenge manyWidely accepted assumptions in our think­ing about ourselves and our national past.The image of Europe, Mr. Boorstin con­tends, has dominated our thinking aboutAmerica. By trying to discover ourselvesin the distorted mirror of the Old World,We have acquired the habit of apologizingfor not resembling the cultures of WesternEurope and have remained blind to thespecial opportunities of American culture.Moreover, Mr. Boorstin argues, many wor­risome problems in our thinking aboutourselves and the world in the mid-twen­tieth century come from our having takenOur bearings from Europe while we haveFEBRUARY, 1961 tried to describe our national uniquenessby contrast to Europe.THE ARITHMETIC OF COMPUTERS:by Norman Crowder, AM'48, Doubledayand Co., Inc., 1960, 472 pp., $3.95.To the reader with a knowledge of basicmathematics this book gives a clear ex­planation and practical understanding ofthe two number systems used in electroniccomputers: octal and binary. By the Tutor­text method the reader teaches himself thenumber systems with self-tests and tudor­ing explanations.THE MORE YOU SHOW THE MOREYOU SELL: By L. Mercer Francisco,'14. Prentice Hall, Inc., 1960, $7.50.Written for sales and management direc-tors, this book is a management guidefor selecting, creating and using sellingaids. Mr. Francisco explains what sellingaids are, including demonstration devicessuch as working models, mockups, cut­aways, visual aids such as photographs anddrawing, flipcharts, slides, filmstr�ps, �e­cordings, sound slidefilms, and mO�lOn PIC­tures. Then he shows how selling aids,properly used as instruments of commu­nication, will enable salesmen to turn outorders at less cost in time and effort.JOHN FOSTER DULLES, SOLDIER. FOR PEACE: by Deane (Fons, '48)and David Heller, '43, JD'48. Holt,Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1960, 328pp., $4.50.One of John Foster Dulles' hobbies wasdoing the dishes-it helped him to relax.His lunch on fishing trips was often adried crust of bread dipped in Lake On­tario. In Dulles' baby book his motherdescribed the boy's memory at age sevenas only "fair." In this intimate biographyof the late Secretary of State, John F.Dulles, the authors attempt to tell theinside story of Dulles' private personalityand the political story of his diplomaticfeats.ADVENTURES IN ALGEBRA: by Nor­man A. Crowder, AM'48, and Grace C.Martin. Doubleday and Co., Inc., 1960,350 pp., $3.95.This Tutortext is an introduction to bothpractical and theoretical algebra. It begi?swith the elementary use of symbols IIImathematics and proceeds to a deeperunderstanding of the concept of numbersand to some of the classic proofs of mathe­matical thought. Mr. Crowder is theoriginator of Tutortexts, a new method ofself instruction. Since IB7BHANNIBAL, INC.furniture RepairingUpholstering • RefinishingAntiques Restored1919 N. Sheffield Ave. • 1I 9-7180LEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: HYde Park 3-9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERPOND LETTER SERVICE, Inc.Everything in LettersHooven Typewriti ngMultigraphingAddressograph ServiceHighest Quality Service MimeographingAddressingMailingMinimum PricesAll Phones:MI 2-8883 219 W. Chicago AvenueChicago 10, IllinoisTHE NEW CHICAGO CHAIRAn attractive, sturdy, comfortablechair finished in jet black withgold trim and gold silk-screenedUniversity shield.$30.00Order from and make checks pay­able toTHE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION5733 University Ave., Chicago 37Chairs will be shipped express col­lect from Gardner, Mass. withinone month,2103-19ALBERT R. ·VAIL, '03, of St. Joseph,Mich., has concluded an exhaustive studyof the great world religions and their effecton world civilizations, which he and hiswife hope to publish soon.CARL W. SA WYER, '05, MD'06, ofMarion, Ohio, is a man "we're proud to.know," according to a recent feature articlein the Marion Star, a local newspaper. Dr.Sawyer, who is a physician, psychiatrist,neurologist, writer and lecturer, has beenlisted in Who's Who in America since 1922in recognition of many professional, localand national activities. After graduatingfrom U of C in 1906, he joined his fatheras a partner in Sawyer's Sanatorium atMarion, and served as chief of staff therefrom 1923 to 1946 when his son took overthe position. Dr. Sawyer, now 77, stillmaintains his practice of medicine, how­ever, and visits each of his patients at thesanatorium at least twice a week. Dr.Sawyer, has always taken an active inter­est in local civic affairs and a variety ofother activities. Long interested in. Ohiohistory, Dr. Sawyer is a member of theOhio State Archaeological and HistoricalSociety, and has given some 60 to 70speeches on Ohio history. He served formany years as president of the HardingMemorial Assn., reflecting his friendshipwith President Warren G. Harding, whichbegan when Sawyer's father was the presi­dent's personal physician. Currently Dr.Sawyer is engaged in a project which istied in with both his interest in Ohiohistory and his friendship with PresidentHarding. The project is indexing all ofPresident Harding's correspondence. Sofar more than 107,000 separate pieces havebeen indexed and the project is less thanone half completed. During the 1930'sMr. Sawyer was a member of the MarionCouncil of 100, formed to seek solutionsto depression and post-depression problemsof the community. He is also a memberof the local Rotary Club, and the MarionChamber of Commerce. Dr. Sawyer whohas written several pamphlets in the fieldof medicine, is a member of numerouslocal and national medical organizations.RALPH C. ALLEN, '07, of Holland, Mich.,is president and chairman of R. C. Allen22 Business Machines, Inc., of Grand Rapids.ARTHUR G. BOVEE, '07, is a professorat Mead Hall in Aiken, S.C.ROBERT E. BUCHANAN, PhD'08, ofAmes, la., writes that retirement from thedeanship of the Graduate School of IowaState University is enabling him to dothings he has always wanted to do pro­fessionally. He continues as professor ofbacteriology at the university, occasionallyteaching a course in systematic bacteriology.As chairman of the Bergey's Manual Trust,he is supervising a staff of five, with numer­ous collaborators, in the preparation of theIndex Bergeyana and in preparing the ma­terial for the eighth edition. of Bergey'sManual of Determinative Bacteriology. Healso edited the International Bulletin ofBacteriological Nomenclature and T axon­amy, as chairman of the InternationalJudicial Commission on BacteriologicalNomenclature. Mr. Buchanan has recentlybeen elected an honorary member of theSociety of American Bacteriologists andof the British Society for General Micro­biology. He writes that since his retire­ment, he has been on missions in foreigncountries twice for the U of C, and threetimes for the Department of State andUnited Nations. Mr. Buchanan has re­ceived honorary doctorate degrees fromRutgers and Iowa State University.HUGH E. COOPER, '11, MD'13, is anorthopedic surgeon in Peoria, Ill.MAY PYLE ANDREWS, AM'12, is a pro­fessor of literature at Ashland College,Ashland, Ohio.MARJORIE McLEOD MILLER, '12,AM'18, has just returned to the U.S.after spending three years in Kenya, EastAfrica. Originally she went to pay avisit to her cousin who lives in Kericho,Kenya, but after six months accepted aposition teaching in a teacher training col­lege for African women at Mission Stationin Kapsabit, Kenya. Although Mrs. Millerplanned to teach just one term she stayedfor two full school years, because she foundit such an interesting and rewarding ex­perience. On holidays, she traveled intoUganda, Tanganyika, the Belgian Congoand South Africa. Mrs. Miller was for­merly a teacher in North Hollywood, Calif.ELEANOR A. AHERN, '13, of Glendale,Ohio, has just retired from her position as director of the home economics depart­ment of Procter & Gamble.DAISY STEVER CONGDON, '13, ofSedgwick, Kan., is a housewife. Her hus­band is president of the Sedgwick AlfalfaMills, Inc.GEORGE M. CONNER, '13, of FortWorth, Texas, is a partner in the law firmof James and Conner.JAY B. ALLEN, '14, of Sioux Falls, S.D.,is president and owner of McKinney andAllen, Inc., insurance and real estate loansfirm.STEPHEN R. CURTIS, '14, JD'16, is deanof the William Mitchell College of Law inSt. Paul, Minn.ERLING H. LUNDE, '14, was one of thespeakers on a memorial program for thelate JOHN J. SCHOMMER, '09, IllinoisInstitute of Technology on December 1,1960. At lIT, Mr. Schommer had beendirector of athletics, director of placement,a professor, and a trustee. Mr. Lundespoke briefly on "Long J ohn" Schommer,covering his student-athletic days on theMidway.T. GEORGE ALLEN, PhD'15, one of thenation's foremost experts on ancient Egypt,is currently translating the Book of theDead of the Greco era. Mr. Allen, formereditorial secretary of the U of C OrientalInstitute and Museum has been engagedin making improved translations of hiero­glyphics for publication for the past 10years since he retired from U of C in 1950.Mr. Allen's latest work published by theU of C press is The Egyptian Book of theDead Documents in the Oriental Museum.The Book of the Dead is a series of fore­casts, found in Pyramid chambers and oncoffins in Egypt which describe the after­life. They date from 2800 B.C. to thefourth century A.D. Mr. Allen has residedin Bradenton, Fla., since his retirementand there maintains an office where hedoes his translation work and keeps alarge part of his library. Mr. Allen retiredfrom U of C after 40 years as a graduatestudent, instructor and institute official.Of his work and retirement he says, "1guess time would weigh heavy with meif I didn't have this work. I have neverreally retired."HORACE ANNIS, '15, is news editor ofthe St. Paul Pioneer Press, in St. Paul,Minn. Mr. Annis lives in Minneapolis.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOWILLIAM H. ANTES, '15, is a districtcourt judge in West Union, la.WILLA SULTZER BOWDISH, '15, ofButte, Mont., is a library assistant at theButte Free Public Library.EDITH P. ABELL, '16, is assistant pro­fessor of fine arts emeritus of the Universityof South Dakota, Vermillion.ERNEST L. ACKISS, AM'16, of Atlanta,Ga., is secretary of the Home MissionBoard (military personnel ministries) ofthe Southern Baptist Convention.A. MARGARET BOWERS, '16, of Madi­son, Wise., is retired director of the YaleUniversity Dining Halls.DONALD L. COLWELL, '16, of ShakerHeights, Ohio, is vice president of ApexSmelting Co. (aluminum) in Cleveland.LUCIUS O. McAFEE, '16, AM'21, of Port­land, Ore., is now professor of educationemeritus at Lewis and Clark College.HENRY L. RUST, AM'16, formerly min­ister of several Congregation churches inthe Middle West, retired on October 1 andis living at Memorial Home Community inPenney Farms, Fla. Most recently he hadbeen a minister in Dodge Center andLongville, Minn.JOSEPH L. ADLER, '17, PhD'30, is ageological consultant in oil exploration atHouston, Texas.AMZY F. ANGLEMYER, '17, is proprietorof A. F. Anglemyer Co. (registered securi­ties dealer) in New Ulm, Minn.FORD BRADISH, '17, is a consultantgeologist in Fort Worth, Texas.EUGENE L. TRAUT, '17, MD'19, of OakPark, Ill., is director of Arthritis Clinic,County Hospital, and attending physicianat Presbyterian, St. Luke's, West Suburban,and Cook County hospitals.LOUISA NAGELY TURNER, '17, ofJohnstown, Pa., writes that at a Turnerfamily gathering this summer, five mem­bers of the group had degrees from U of C.Besides Mrs. Turner they included: WIL­LIAM D. TURNER, '09, PhD'17, of NewYork City; HELEN S. TURNER, '19,SM'22, of West Chicago, Ill. , C. HELMERTURNER, '24, of Springfield, Mo., andOLIVE TURNER MacARTHUR, '18, ofToronto, Canada, (her husband is theFEBRUARY, 1961 NEWS OF the alumnilate JOHN W. MacARTHUR, PhD'21).HOWARD WAKEFIELD, '17, a physicianin Chicago, is consulting physician at Pres­byterian-St. Luke's Hospital, and is a re­gent of the American College of Physicians.SIDNEY M. WEISMAN, '17, a Hollywood,Calif. realtor, is chairman of the board ofdirectors of Century Properties, Los An­geles, and executive director of the LosAngeles Modern Forum. In 1960, Mr.'Weisman toured Europe with his wife,ELSIE LINICK, who also attended Uof C.GERALD E. WELSH, '17, JD'25, of Den­ver, Colo., retired December 1, 1959, asarea attorney of the American Telephoneand Telegraph Co., after more than a thirdof a century of service. On March 2, heand his wife began an around-the-worldtour of 100 days by air, during which theyvisited many out-of-the-way places suchas Viet-Nam, Cambodia, Nepal, Indonesia(including Bali), Ceylon, Kashmir, andthe Holy Lands.B. FRED WISE, '17, dean of the facultyat the American Conservatory of Music,Chicago, is president of the National Asso­ciation of Teachers of Singing.LUCY C. WILLIAMS, '17, of Springfield,Ill., has retired from active secretarialwork but is «busier than ever" in commu­nity activities, including Women's Inter­national League for Peace and Freedom,League of Women Voters, and VisitingNurse Assn.ARTHUR F. ABT, '18, is a physician atthe Veterans Administration Center inMartinsburg, W. Va.CLIFFORD W. ALLEN, '18, is an in­structor in the business college of Colum­bia Business University, Columbus, Ohio.WILLIAM S. HEDGES, '18, retired Jan­uary 1 as vice president in. charge of in­tegrated services at the National Broad­casting Company, following a career of39 years in the broadcasting business. Hehad served in the capacity of vice presi­dent at NBC since 1937 and has been inhis last position since 1949. Mr. Hedgesbegan his career as a reporter for theChicago Daily News, and in 1922 estab­lished radio station WMAQ in Chicagofor the newspaper. He served as presi­dent of WMAQ until 1932. He is founder and past president of the National Asso­ciation of Broadcasters, and is past presi­dent of the Radio and Television Execu­tives Society, and the Radio Pioneers. Healso served as president of the Rotary Clubof New York City. Mr. Hedges will con­tinue to live in Scarsdale, N.Y.LAEL R. ABBOTT, '19, is vice presidentand branch office manager of J. M. Dain& Co., Inc., investment bankers in St. Paul,Minn.ANNE BOURQUIN, '19, SM'23, has asabbatical year from Syracuse Universitywhere she is chairman of the division ofnutrition, and is spending the winter inLondon. Before returning home she willtravel to Africa where she will teach onesemester.FLORENCE COLLINS, '19, of St. Louis,Mo., is a kindergarten teacher in Clayton,Mo.20-22GRACE WASSON BONELL, '20, ofBrookings, S.D., is retired home economicsteacher and cafeteria manager at SouthDakota State College.CYRUS C. MacDUFFEE, SM'20, PhD'21,is spending the year in Rio Piedras, PuertoRico, where he is a visiting professor ofmathematics at the University of PuertoRico. Mr. MacDuffe's wife is MARYBEAN, AM'20. Mr. MacDuffee was for­merly a professor of mathematics at theUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison.ZOE SEA TOR PRICE, '20, writes that sheand her husband, Matthew, are still livingat Fort Stanton, N.M., a historic frontierarmy post, which is now the State Tuber­culosis Hospital. Mr. Price is postmasterthere and they live in the old quartersoccupied by General John J. Pershing whenhe was on his first assignment after grad­uation from West Point.HARRY A. OBERHELMAN, MD'20, ofOak Park, Ill., was recently awarded aLoyola University Alumni Assn. citation"for distinguished service to his profession,the church, the community, the nation andthe university. Dr. Oberhelman is former23FOR THE RECORDTHERE'S A TOUCH OF CHICAGO MAROON-As the dust settled afterthe selection of the new administration in Washington, it was obvious thatall that's left at Harvard is the students. The U of C remained quite intact-but she made her contributions 1 Abraham (Abe) A. Ribicoff, LLB'33,named Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, entered law practice inHartford, Conn., immediately after receiving his degree from U of C in1933. He has served in the Connecticut legislature, in Congress, and asgovernor of the State. Also serving in the cabinet will be J. Edward Day,'35, Postmaster General, who was formerly vice president of Prudential LifeInsurance Co. of America, in charge of Western operations. After complet­ing his pre-legal course at U of C, Mr. Day went on to graduate from Har­vard Law School in 1938. Arthur Goldberg, President Kennedy's choice forSecretary of Labor, was an instructor at the U of C school of industrialrelations for some time while with the law firm, Goldberg, DeVoe, Shadur,and Mikva, in Chicago. Mr. Goldberg's wife is Dorothy Kurgans, '33, andtheir daughter Barbara is a graduate student in social service administrationat U of C.MORE MAROON-A recent article in the Chicago Sun-Times stated,«Except for the President-elect himself, no man played a greater role in thecreation of the new Cabinet than John F. Kennedy's brother-in-law, R.Sargent Shriver, Jr. of Chicago." Mr. Shriver, a member of the CitizensBoard of the U of C, did much of the scouting and contacting for hisbrother-in-law during the se1ection period. Mr. Shriver's wife is EuniceKennedy, sister of the President, who attended the U of C during 1950.Another alumnus on the selection scene was Paul Samuelson, '35, professorof economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who was offeredthe position of chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers,but declined it. John A. Blatnik, '38, representative from the eighth districtin Minnesota declined an appointment as Under Secretary of Interior, of­fered to him through Robert Kennedy.ALSO ON THE POLITICAL SCENE-Among the U of C alumni electedor re-elected to public office in November were: Augus.t E. Johansen, '26,'28, Republican congressman from Michigan; Sidney R. Yates, '31, JD'33,Democratic congressman from Illinois; John A. Blatnik, '38, Democraticcongressman from Minnesota; Barrett O'Hara, Jr., '27, Democratic congress­man from Illinois; and Matthew E. Welsh, JD'37, of Vincennes, Ind., whowas elected governor of Indiana. Paul H. Douglas, former faculty memberat the U of C was re-elected Democratic senator from Illinois.UN PRESIDENT-Frederick H. Boland, president of the United Nationsgeneral assembly, has often recalled his "education at the University ofChicago." He studied at U of C during 1927�28 as a Rockefeller researchfellow in political science. (Under the same fellowship he also studiedat Harvard and North Carolina University.) Mr. Boland was vice chairmanof the Irish delegation to the United Nations before being elected to hispresent post, and in the past has served in several capacities in the Irishforeign office in this country.NOBEL ALUMNI-Although Willard Libby, 1960 Nobel Prize winner inchemistry, is not an alumnus of the U of C (he was a professor of chemistryhere for nine years), two recent Nobel Prize winners are alumni. TsungDao Lee, PhD'50, and Chen Ning Yang, PhD'48, were winners of the 1957prize in physics for research which refuted a long accepted principle inphysics known as conservation of parity. While at the U of C) Mr. Yangstudied at the Institute of Nuclear Studies and Mr. Lee did much of hiswork at the Yerkes Observatory.24 chairman of surgery at Loyola. The awardwas made at a convocation on December12, marking the anniversary of the univer­sity. DOROTHY HACKETT HOLABIRD,'18, of Chicago, received a founder's dayaward at the same convocation, for her"outstanding example of responsible citi­zenship to the present and future genera­tions." Mrs. Holabird is active in manyhealth and welfare organizations. She ischairman of the welfare section of theCrusade of Mercy and has for severalyears been president of the Chicago Coun­cil on Community Nursing. She received aU of C Alumni Association citation in 1957.ROBERT S. PLATT, PhD'20, professoremeritus of geography at U of C has beenappointed editor of the Annals of the Asso­ciation ?f American Geographers.HERMAN R. THIES, SM'20, general man­ager of the Goodyear Tire and RubberCompany's chemical division, was honoredrecently on completion of thirty years ofservice with the company. A service awardwas made to Mr. Thies during a testimonialdinner in his honor at the conclusion ofthe chemical division's 1960 sales con­ference. Mr. Thies has headed the salesoperation of the division since it was or­ganized in 1948. In addition to an oilportrait presented by his Goodyear asso­ciates, Mr. Thies received gifts and mes­sages from many friends throughout thechemical industries in this country andabroad. Mr. Thies joined Goodyear in 1930as a rubber research compounder, and sixyears later was appointed assistant directorof research. During his years at Goodyear,Mr. Thies has been credited with makingmany contributions to rubber chemistry,and has been assigned a number of patents.He has also written scientific papers forpublication. In 1958, he was awarded anhonorary doctor of science degree fromPhillips University, Enid, Okla.MILTON M. BOWEN, '21, is president ofHill Hubbell Co. (steel pipe processing) inCleveland, Ohio. His wife is LOUISEMAMMEN, '20..MARGARET SEYMOUR BAY, '21, SM'25,AM' 46, of Chicago, writes the follOWingnote about her husband, EMMET '20MD'22, professor of medicine at U �f C;"Emmet's Phi Beta Kappa key is tarnishedand his Kappa Sig pin was stolen in 1927.He's in Who's Who.,.-he's biological scienceeditor of the U of C Press and Encyclo­pedia Britannica-he's a judge in the Amer­ican Association for the Advancement ofScience. He's a 'family doctor,' at heartand in deed, and has ministered to hun­dreds of unbelievable family tragedies (wedon't need drama on movies, TV or radio).He is writing a serious book on the "Careand Feeding of Grandparents," and hisonly boasts are six grandchildren, one smallboat, and one old homestead." She adds"After 14 years I've stopped working as �psychologist-and am very happy with my'family doctod'"HELEN L. COOLEY, '21, technical de­partment assistant at Lansing Libraries,Lansing, Mich., writes that she plans toretire in 1961.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOMARION MEANOR MOFFITT, '21, isnow house director of Kappa Kappa Gam­ma Sorority, at the University of Illinois,Urbana.HOWARD R. MOORE, '21, SM'22, ofHatboro, Pa., is head of the materials andprocesses branch of the U.S. Naval AirDevelopment Center, Johnsville, Pa. Hispresent work involves developing infraredtransmitting nose cones for missiles andphotosensitive plastics for outer space.MARY WOOLSTON MOORE, '21, retiredin June after 44 years of teaching-38 yearsat Austin High School. Mrs. Moore livesin Oak Park, Ill., where her husband,Ralph, is a science teacher at Lane Tech­nical High School.LOIS OLSON, '21, MA'27, geographiceditor with the government in Washington,D.C., is currently vice president and chair­man of the Washington chapter of theSociety of Women Geographers. In Augustshe represented the Society at the Inter­national Geographic Congress in Stock­holm.MARIAN CREYTS REDMOND, '21, ofEast Lansing, Mich., writes that the pastfew years have found her and her husbandAlbert in Europe, and last spring "aroundthe world." With her children marriedand her husband retired from ownershipof Redmond Motors Corp., she adds thatthey are extremely happy and busy, read­ing and gardening.LIONEL RUBY, '21, JD'23, PhD'30, aprofessor at Roosevelt University in Chi­cago, writes that the second edition of hisbook, Logic: An Introduction, and thepaper back edition of The Art of MakingSense, both were published this year.ENID TOWNLEY, '21, MS'25, is geologistand assistant to the chief of the IllinoisState Geological Survey in Urbana. Hewrites, "I also garden, watch TV, andheresy of heresies-cheer for the Illini!"EDUARDO QUISUMBING, SM'21, PhD­'22, director of the National Museum of thePhilippines, will retire within the comingyear. Mr. Quisumbing has been director ofthe museum since 1947 and largely throughhis efforts it has become an impressiveresearch institution and repository forPhilippines natural history. After his retire­ment, Mr. Quisumbing intends to work inthe Held studying ethnobotany and theflora of the Philippines. Previous to hisposition as director of the museum, Mr.Quisumbing was chief botanist of thePhilippines Bureau of Science and laterbecame acting director of the Bureau. Hehas recently returned from a UNESCOConference on Humid Tropics Research, inNew Guinea. Mr. Quisumbing worked atHarvard and the U of C on an AmericanPhilosophical Society Grant in 1954, and in1959 on a Guggenheim Fellowship. Forseveral years he headed the Philippines Uof C Alumni Assn. The director of theAnthropology Division (one of the fourdivisions) of the National Museum of thePhilippines is ROBERT FOX, PhD' 54,who heads research in cultural anthropologyand archaeology.FEBRUARY, 1961 FREDERIKA BLANKNER, '22, AM'23, iscurrently president of the New York �ityChapter of Composers, Authors and Artists,Inc. She is a poet-in-residence and p�'ofes­sor and founder of the department of clas­sical civilization at Adelphi College inGarden City, N.Y. Miss Blankner has re­cently written a play titled, "The Adven­ture in Freedom-Telling Freedom's Storyfrom Cave to Cosmos," dramatizing Ameri­can ideology, national goals and destiny.The play was presented during January atthe Hudson River Museum. in Yonkers,N.Y., in conjunction with an art show andrelated lecture series on American purposeand goals. Miss Blankner is the only poet­in-residence of Metropolitan New York andis America's first woman poet-in-residence.ELIZABETH J. COPE, '22, of Detroit,Mich., is a bacteriologist and parasitologistwith the City of Detroit Department ofHealth laboratories.CAROLINE THOMPSON COSTEN, '22,of Clayton, Mo., is a housewife. Her hus­band is a physician in St. Louis specializingin otolaryngology.L. DELL HENRY, '22, MD'36, of AnnArbor, Mich., was installed last summeras secretary of Zonta International at theorganization's international convention inToronto, Canada. Besides holding manyoffices in the Zonta organization, Dr. Henryhas been president of the Michigan AllergySociety, vice president of the AmericanCollege of Allergists, and president of theWashtenaw (Ann Arbor) County MedicalSociety.23-26DAVID E. ANDERSON, SM'23, is asso­ciate professor at the University of Akron,in Akron, Ohio.GEORGE W. BOND, AM'23, is professorof education at Harding College in Searcy,Ark.FRANCES CHRISTESON, '23, retired asassistant librarian of the Pasadena PublicLibrary in June, and has moved into herhome at Laguna Beach, Calif.ARCHIBALD T. McPHERSON, PhD'23,of Washington, D.C., recently received theUnited States Department of CommerceGold Metal for Exceptional Service. Hewas recognized for his work "in i�pr?v­ing the effectiveness of standardizationactivities of the National Bureau of Stand­ards."FRANCIS L. ALBERT, '24, of OrmondBeach, Fla., is a retired naval officer. Hewas formerly a captain in the chaplaincorps of the U.S. Navy.ORLIN E. BONECUTTER, '24, AM'30, is'vice president of Martin K. Ely Construc­tion Co., Wichita, Kan.S. FORREST BOWERS, '24, of Minne­apolis, Minn., is legal editor with WestPublishing Co., St. Paul. IV..... SidewalksFactory FloorsMachineFoundationsConcrete BreakingNOrm((1 7-04337�e &ut�(,le eteaHe'e4We operate our own dry cleaning plant1309 East 57th St.Mt dway 3·0602 5319 Hyde Park Blvd.NO rmat 7-98581553 E. Hyde Park Blvd.1442 E. 57th FAirfax 4-5759Midway 3-0607GEORGE ERHARDTand SONS. Inc.Painting-Decorating-Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street KEdzie 3-3186MODEL CAMERA SHOPLei ca -Bolex - Rolleiflex - Polaroid1342 E. 55th St. HYde Park 3·9259NSA Discounts24-hour Kodachrome DevelopingHO Trains and Model SuppliesSymbolofProgressTHIS pylon on our new plant marksa milestone in our thirty yearsof service to organizationsrequiring fine skills, latesttechniques and large capacity.Our work is as diversified as theneeds and products of our customersOFFSET LITHOGRAPHYCongress Expressway at Gardner RoadBROADVIEW, ILL COlumbus 1-142025BOYDSTON AMBULANCE SERVICEAuthorized Ambulance ServiceFor Billings HospitalOfficial Ambulance Service forThe University of Chicagophone NOrmal 7-2468NEW ADDRESS-1708 E. 71 ST ST.PENDERCatch Basin and Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sump-Pumps6620 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUEFAirfax 4-0550PENDER CATCH BASIN SERVICEReal E.,a,e and In.urance1461 Ellt 57th Street Hyde Park 3-2525Phone: REgent 1-3311The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes11-42 E. 82nd StreetCHICAGO ADDRESSING & PRINTING CO.Complete Service for Mail AdvertisersPRINTING-LETTERPRESS & OFFSETLetters • Copy Preparation • ImprintingTypewriting Addressing MailingQUALITY - ACCURACY - SPEED722 So. Dearborn • Chicago 5 • WA 2-456126 CLAIRE BRERETON, '24, formerly ofPasadena, Calif., in November started "anew adventure in living" when she movedinto a mobile home and took up residencein Azusz, Calif., in a "modern, scenic mo­bile home park with the mountains andsnowcapped Mount Baldy as a backdrop."JOHN F. CONN, SM'24, of DeLand, Fla.,is head of the department of chemistry atStetson University there.ARTHUR COPELAND, '24, JD'25, is anattorney in Peoria, Ill.CARLTON M. CORBETT, JD'24, is alawyer with Corbett and Corbett in SiouxCity, la.HELEN R. BOBO, AM'25, is director ofthe Story County Department of SocialWelfare, Nevada, la.WILLIAM T. BORN, JR., '25, is directorof the laboratory at the Geophysical Re­search Corp., in Tulsa, Okla.JOHN F. MERRIAM, '25, of Omaha, Neb.,was named the 66th king of Ak-Sar-Ben,Omaha public service organization. Thisis the highest civic honor which can bebestowed upon a person in that city. Mr.Merriam is chairman of the board andpresident of the Northern Natural Gas Co.and is a member of the U of C Board ofTrustees. Both Mr. Merriam and his wife,LUCY LAMON, '26, who are very activein civic affairs, were awarded U of CAlumni Citations in 1956. Mr. Merriam ispast president of the Omaha CommunityChest, the Community Welfare Councilof Omaha, the Omaha Industrial Founda­tion and other organizations. He is cur­rently president and trustee of the Societyof Liberal Arts of Omaha's Joslyn ArtMuseum and of the Educational andCultural Foundation of Omaha, Inc. Healso serves in a variety of positions withother civic organizations. Mr. Merriam'sfather, Charles E. Merriam, was chairmanof the political science department atU of C for 30 years.MARY SLEIZER WHITE, '25, of Kent,Ohio, is tutoring in English for KentState University.CHARLES C. ADAMS, MD'26, of Mur­freesboro, Tenn., is a neuropsychiatric con­sultant physician.EDWARD C. AMES, '26, is public rela­tions director of the Owens-Illinois GlassCo., in Toledo, Ohio.MARY RIVES BOWMAN, AM'26, ofCommerce, Texas, is an advisory editorwith Harcourt Brace World, Inc.MOFFATT G. BOYCE, SM'26, PhD'30, isprofessor of mathematics at VanderbiltUniversity in Nashville, Tenn.JAMES M. BRADFORD, SM'26, is chair­man of the physics department at Mus­kingum College, in New Concord, Ohio.ELEANOR PETERSEN CONLEY, '26, ofSpringfield, Ill., is a dietitian at St. John'sHospital there. Her husband is a realestate broker. JOHN W. COULTER, PhD'26, of the de­partment of geology and geography at theUniversity of Cincinnati, was chairman ofthe local arrangements committee for theconvention of the National Council onGeographiC Education held in Cincinnatiin November. Mr. Coulter's wife is FRAN­CES PARTRIDGE, AM'39.SEWARD A. COVERT, '26, is president ofSeward Covert and Associates (public rela­tions) in Cleveland, Ohio.W. RUSSELL CUNNINGHAM, '26, ofMiami, Fla., is president of Florart FlockProcess Inc., (silk screen and flocking).EARLE W. ENGLISH, '26, resigned asvice president, secretary and director ofMerrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith,Inc. of New York City. He continues tobe associated with the firm as a consultantand non-voting stockholder. Mr. Englishlives in Bronxville, N.Y.VICTOR E. JOHNSON, '26, PhD'39,MD'39, attended the Conference on Latin­American Medical Education held in Mon­tevideo, Uruguay, from November 28 toDecember 2. Dr. Johnson is director ofthe Mayo Foundation for Medical Educa­tion and Research, and professor of physi­ology at the University of Minnesotagraduate school. At the conference Dr.Johnson was one of the representatives ofthe Association of American Medical Col­leges and the World Medical Assn.WEBSTER B. KAY, PhD'26, is still pro­fessor of chemical engineering at OhioState University, Columbus, Ohio. Mr.Kay has been there since 1947 previous towhich he was a research chemist forStandard Oil Co. at Whiting, Ind.LUCIA ROGGMAN, '26, of Garnavillo,la., retired in June, 1960, after 35 yearsas music instructor in the schools of Garna­villo Community district. She was honoredat that time at the annual banquet andmeeting of the Garnavillo high schoolalumni who cited her long service to com­munity schools and organizations. She wasactive in her church as organist for 50years, and also active in the American RedCross, the County Board of Education andthe Clayton County Music Teachers Assn.CHARLES F. JESPERSEN, '26, «knownas 'Stormy' locally," is a meteorologist withthe United States Weather Bureau. Mr.Jespersen lives in Burlington, la., on a bluffoverlooking the Mississippi River, and pro­vides weather service for a 22-county areain three states, including flood forecastsfor the Mississippi from Muscatine, la., toLouisiana, Mo.GERTRUDE SOLENBERGER KNEPPER,'26, of Andalusia, Pa., has discontinuedteaching art in nearby elementary schools,but still teaches art classes in her ownhome to talented boys and girls. Mrs.Knepper is also now toying with ideasfor writing children's stories and illustrat­ing them, and still does water colors ofwater frontscenes and old houses.LELA M. McDOWELL, '26, will retire inTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO[une, 1961, as elementary supervisor oflibraries, Portage Township, Mich. Shehas been with the township school systemsince 1941, and in 1960 supervised theopening of the 8th township elementaryschool library.NAN NELSON, '26, retired high schoolEnglish teacher of Logansport, Ind., writesthat she has taken summer courses recently,at Cambridge University, the Universityof Cincinnati, Bowling Green State Univer­sity, and Columbia University, all for herown pleasure. She also travels-to Europetwice, Alaska, the Caribbean, Cuba, andall over the U.S.A. Miss Nelson now spendsher summers in Bay View, Mich.SYLVIA GREVE NEMEC, '26, has re­cently moved to Sedona, Ariz. from Down­ers Grove, Ill.RUBERTA M. OLDS, '26, associate pro­Iessor emeritus of the American University,Washington, D.C., writes that she con­tinues to teach part time (two collegecourses and one graduate course in Span­ish), although she retired from full timeteaching and as chairman of the depart­ment of modern languages in 'June, 1959.EDWIN C. PODEWELL, '26, JD'27, wasre-elected in April, 1960, as Republicancommitteeman of the 19th ward of Chi­cago. Mr. Podewell, a Chicago lawyer,has served as attorney for the Illinois StateLiquor Control Commission since 1957when he was appointed by Governor Wil­liam G. Stratton.LESTER REINWALD, '26, JD'27, alawyer in Chicago, writes that he is stillactive in community affairs. Presently heis on the boards of the Drexel Home forthe Aged and the Rest Haven Rehabilita­tion Hospital.EVA WAYMAN LEAMING WEBER, '26,is attendance officer of the HancockCounty Schools in Indiana. She lives on afarm south of Greenfield, Ind.27-30WILLIAM H. ABBOTT, '27, JD'28, of St.Paul, Minn., is a partner in the law firmof Carpenter, Abbott, Coulter and Kinney.DOROTHEA K. ADOLPH, '27, is a firstgrade teacher in Malvern School, ShakerHeights, Ohio. She lives in Cleveland.ALBERT T. ALLEN, '27, is a superin­tendent in the Breitung Township Schools,Kingsford, Mich.HELEN L. ALLEN, AM'27, is a professorof home economics at the University ofWisconsin, Madison.LUTHER A. ANDERSON, '27, is an ac­countant with Armour and Co., Ironwood,Mich.LeROY BOYD, AM'27, of Las Animas,Colo., is' chaplain at the Veterans Ad­ministration Hospital, Fort Lyon, Colo.JOSEPH POlS, AM'27, PhD'29, of Chi-FEBRUARY, 1961 BEFORE FAME CAME-Back in the days of the old Compass, the Maga­zine once sent a photographer out to record the dramatic events of anevening's entertainment there. Do you recognize those two famous kneeshe captured in the photo at left? The member of the audience at right?Mike Nichols and Elaine May, now sold out nightly on Broadway, are oftenreported to be U of C alumni. Mike Nichols was enrolled in the Collegefrom 1949 to 1952 and Elaine May has said, "I thought I would go to collegeand become extremely educated. I had heard about the University of Chi­cago and 1 went there. I didn't actually enroll, but I dropped in on differentclasses for a couple of years." It was at the Compass, Hyde Park cabaret,that Nichols and May first performed together, along with four other actorsin impromptu acts suggested by the audience. The team still uses this tech­nique for creating some of their present sketches. Other Compass actorspictured here with Mike Nichols are Naomi Carellis, Kenna Hut, andAndrew Duncan, '55.ARTISTIC ALUMNI-Here's an interesting follow-up to our newsnote ofDecember on the election of Howard Church, '38, (head of the art depart­ment at Michigan State University), as president of the Midwest CollegeArt Conference. His "l$-a-year-secretary" (wife, Ila Hamer) writes thatthere were several U of C alumni at the annual art conference. She sent usthe following news of these and other friends of her husband-all alumniof the U of C art department. Frank Seiberling, PhD'48, who was head ofthe art department at Ohio State University, has now moved to Iowa City,Ia., where he is professor and head of the art department at Iowa StateUniversity. John Alcott, AM'37, is at the University of North Carolina wherehe is head of the art department. He and his wife, Elizabeth Chloupek, '39,live in Chapel Hill, N.C. Millard Rogers, AM'40, is associate director of theSeattle Art Museum in Seattle, Wash. Donald Goodall, AM'38, was head ofthe fine arts department at the University of Southern California in LosAngeles, until recently when, Mrs. Church reports, he moved to the Univer­sity of Texas where he has a similar position. Paul Parker, AM'37, wasoriginally director of the Colorado Springs Art Center and later became thefirst director of the new Saarinen-designed art center at Des Moines, Ia. Heis now a professor of art at Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y.AUTHORS WHYTE-William Hollingsworth Whyte, Jr., author of the bestseller Organization M an, is not a U of C alumnus (he attended Princeton),but William Foote Whyte, PhD'43, author of Men and Organization is.Our Mr. Whyte, who is professor of industrial relations at Cornell Universityand director of the Social Science Research Center there, also wrote StreetCorner Society, Money and Motivation, Pattern for Industrial Peace, andHuman Relations in the Restaurant Industry. He was an assistant professorat the U of C from 1944-48 and was executive secretary of the Committeeon Human Relations and Industry during his last two years here.27cago, Ill., resigned in January as vicepresident and treasurer of the Signode :Steel Strapping Co., to become a professorat the University of Pittsburgh. As ofFebruary 1, he joins the faculty of theuniversity's Graduate School of Public andInternational Affairs, as professor of publicadministration. Mr. Pois had been withSignode Steel for 14 years. He also re­signed as a member of the Chicago Boardof Education of which he has been a mem­ber since 1956. On the school board, Mr.Pois instituted many plans which haveaffected the administration of the multi­million dollar public school system in Chi­cago. These included changes in fiscalpolicies, budget practices and purchasingmethods. He recommended creation of asalary structure which would give theboard a factual basis for determining em­ployees to receive salary increases and thesize of increases. He also initiated theidea of a study which would lead to reor­ganization of the school board's structureto make it more effective. Said a recentChicago Daily News editorial, "We aresorry to learn that Joseph Pois plans toleave Chicago. He has been an extremelyuseful citizen and public official.Chicago's loss is at least offset by theknowledge that he will be helping to traina new generation in the techniques ofpublic service." Mr. Po is was Illinois statedirector of finance from 1951 to 1953under Gov. Adlai Stevenson, and was asection chief in the United States bureauof the budget from 1939 to 1942.LOUISE McGUIRE, '27, of Homewood,Ill., is a consultant with the U.S. Depart­ment of Labor on handicapped workerproblems and is a member of the Presi­dent's Committee on Employment of theHandicapped.KENNETH H. ADAMS, '28, PhD'32, is aprofessor of chemistry at St. Louis U ni­versity in St. Louis, Mo. He lives in Kirk­wood, Mo.OLGA ALBER, '28, is head of the businessdepartment at Rosedale High School inKansas City, Kan.FRANK MAYO, '29, PhD'31, of StanfordResearch Institute, Menlo Park, Calif.,served as co-editor of Vistas in Free Rad­ical Chemistry, a memorial' volume dedi­cated to M. S. Kharasch.MILDRED E. NORDLUND, MD'29, ofCass Lake, Minn., is a medical officer ofthe U.S. Public Health Service at the CassLake Indian Hospital. She writes that shehas done medical work among the Min­nesota Indians for nine years. PreviouslyMiss Nordlund spent 16 years as a medicalmissionary in China, Formosa and Taiwan.EUGENE J. ROSENBAUM, '29, PhD'33,who is with the chemistry department ofDrexel Institute of Technology, Philadel­phia, has been appointed to the advisoryboard of Analytical Chemistry. He and hiswife, RACHEL COMROE, PhD'33, livein Drexel Hill, Pa.JOHN P. KELLY, '30, of Louisville, Ky.,has been named director of sales for theKentucky Fair and Exposition Center in28 Louisville. Mr. Kelly will build a salesforce to promote the full time operationof the mammoth exposition center withtrade exhibitions, conventions, athleticevents, and other shows of all types. Inthe past Mr. Kelly has directed the per­manent display of building materials andequipment for the Architect's SamplesBureau, Miami Beach, Fla., and has servedas advertising representative for severalpublications. During 1945-49, Mr. Kellywas managing director of the Jockey'sGuild. He has recently been operatinghis own business enterprises in Lexington,Ky.SAM B. WILLIAMS, '30, was chosen inDecember, 1959 to be Pike County man­ager for the Farm Bureau Insurance Co.of Indiana with offices located in Peters­burg. During the past year Mr. Williamscompleted a course in life underwriting�.t the Life Marketing Institute, PurdueUniversity, Lafayette, Ind.31-44NAOMI HILDEBRAND, '31, of Daven­port, Iowa, has just retired after 41 yearsof teaching. During this number of years,about 12,000 girls have taken home eco­nomics work under her. Miss Hildebrandtaught one year in Los Angeles in a mis­sion school for Mexican children, ten yearsin the grades in Davenport, and thirtyyears in the junior high school there.LUCILE PFAENDER HULBERT, '31,.AM'38, of Lenox, Mass., is a senior psy­chiatric social worker at Berkshire Farmfor Boys, Canaan, N.Y. (farm for treat­ment of delinquent adolescent boys). Herhusband is retired, and she writes, "Whentm not at work, I ,�arden and write. AllIS serene-but busy.LOUISE ELLIMAN PANDOLFI, '31, ofHomewood, Ill., writes that her daughter,SYLVIA, '60, is attending art school inSan Miguel, Mexico. Mrs. Pandolfi's hus­hand, DOMINIC, AM'37, is a school prin­cipal in Homewood.JOHN M. V. STEVENSON, '31, super­visor with the Employment Security Com­mission of Arizona writes that he and hisfamily have moved into a new home inTucson which he designed himself. Headds, "We all enjoy western living, andhope never to see snow again!"LYDIA FLEER TOURANGEAU, '31, hasmoved from Villa Park, Ill., to Hinsdale, Ill.She is a volunteer worker in the IllinoisCongress of Parents and Teachers, servingas chairman of the character and spiritualeducation committee.JULIAN D. WEISS, '31, JD'33, presidentof the First Investment Co. Inc., LosAngeles, Calif., writes that his son Lau­rence, now attending the U of C, is the"school's most enthusiastic booster." Mr.Weiss adds that he finds himself veryoccupied with business activities to which are added various charitable, communityand related endeavors, including member­ship on the U of C Alumni Board in LosAngeles. His wife, SHIRLEY WARSAW,who also attended U of C, is founder andpresident of the Portals House Inc., thefirst transitional home in the U.S. forex-mental patients.JAMES S. MACHIN, PhD'32, chemist withthe Illinois State Geological Survey, Ur­bana, has collaborated on the technicalpaper, "Phase Relations in Some HalideSystems," which appeared in the Novem­ber issue of the Journal of the AmericanCeramic Society.JAMES L. GOODNOW, '33, was pro­moted to colonel in the U.S. Army lastyear, .and assigned to the faculty of l'EcoleSuperieure de Guerre (War College of theFrench Army) as U.S. Army liaison officer.He writes, "We are now settled in St.Germain-en-Laye, a suburb of Paris, fromwhich I commute daily to Paris by train.Our two teen-agers are well-establishsd inthe American School of Paris, a privateschool for the American community, andthe two younger boys in SHAPE Inter­national School, a French school for theinternational community of SHAPE. Myoffice is in l'Ecole Militaire (even heavierwith tradition than Cobb Hall), fromwhich I can look the length of the Champde Mars for a glorious view of the EiHerTower and the Palais de Chaillot."DETLEF E. MACKELMANN, '33, AM'36commissioner of the Community COl!ser�vation Board of Chicago, has been electedvice president of the National Associationof Housing and Redevelopment Officials(NAHRO), a professional society of 4,200leaders in housing and renewal. Mr.Mackelmann will head a newly createdCodes Division whose function will be theexploration and evaluation of standards forthe control of existing structures throughbuilding, zoning, fire, safety, occupancyand sanitation regulations. A special in­quiry will be made of the legal and legis­lative processes involved in the code en­forcement job, according to Mr. Mackel­mann. The Codes Division will workclosely with public officials, real estatebrokers, horne builders, lending agenciesand citizen groups. Mr. Mackelmann wasappointed to his present position as com­missioner of the Community ConservationBoard by Mayor Daley in September, 1959.During the past Mr. Mackelmann hasserved as a member of the board of gov­emors of the National Association of Hous­ing and Redevelopment Officials, chairmanGf the NAHRO committee on rehabililta­tion and conservation, and has had posi­tions in various federal and municipalagencies. From 1947 to 1957 he wasassistant and deputy housing and redevel­opment coordinator for the City of Chi­cago, and from 1957 to 1959 was specialconsultant to the Department of City Plan­ning. Mr. Mackelmann's wife is RUTHSANDERSON MACKELMANN, who alsoattended the U of C.CARIN HAGSTROM HOLMES, '33, ofChicago, writes that her youngest son,THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOAndrew, enrolled in U of C as an under­graduate in September, 1960.JAMES REGAN, PhD'33, MD'34, is presi­dent of the State Board of Medical Ex­aminers of California, and president of theLos Angeles Surgical Society. Dr. Reganis a practicing surgeon. He and his wife,(ELVA HENICKSMAN, '32) have threechildren and live in Glendale, Calif.HERMAN E. RIES, JR., '33, PhD'36, ofChicago, was recently appointed senior re­search associate at the Whiting researchlaboratories of American Oil Co., (formerlyStandard Oil Company of Indiana). Hehas been with American Oil since 1951.Mr. Ries has published more than 30scientific articles and has lectured andpresided at many scientific meetings. (InDecember he addressed a seminar onbiology and medicine at Argonne NationalLaboratories, Argonne, Ill.) Mr. Ries hasalso received the Ipatieff Award of theAmerican Chemical Society for contribu­tions in his field. Mr. Ries has achievedwide recognition for his pioneering re­search on interactions that take place atthe surfaces of liquids and solids, and hasdevised new approaches and techniques ingaining a better understanding of theproperties and behavior of films only onemolecule thick. His results have helped todevelop better lubricants and effectivedetergent and antirust compounds for gas­oline. Mr. Ries is a member of the Ameri­can Chemical Society, the AmericanInstitute of Chemists, the American Asso­ciation for the Advancement of Science,the American Society of Lubrication Engi­neers, and the Faraday Society (London).MARTHA FRIEDMAN MARENOF, '35,of Detroit, Mich., has had two books pub­lished recently: Stories Round the Year,and Patterns for Jewish Living. Her hus­band, SHLOMO, '30, AM'32, is with theCollege of Jewish Studies in Detroit.CONRAD E. RONNE BERG, PhD'35, hasbeen appointed program director for sec­ondary school programs with the NationalScience Foundation's Division of ScientificPersonnel and Education. Mr. Ronnebergis on leave from Denison University, Gran­vil1e, Ohio, where he is senior professor ofchemistry. He is co-author of The Studyof the Physical World, and has also pub­lished Basic Radiological Defense. Mr.Ronneberg's experience in education in­cludes serving as chairman of the divisionof physical sciences at Chicago City Col­lege, and as secretary of the departmentof chemistry at Crane City College, Chi­cago. He was in charge of chemistry atItasca Junior College under the Universityof Minnesota, and taught at MassachusettsInstitute of Technology and at high schoolsin Michigan and North Dakota. Mr. Ronne­berg is a member of several education com­mittees, including the committee for theadvancement placement test in chemistryof the College Entrance Examination Board.He has served as chairman of the commit­tee on civil defense of the Board of Direc­tors, American Chemical Society since 1957and is vice-chairman of the examinationscommittee of the society's division of chem-FEBRUARY, 1961 MACKELMANN '33ical education. Other organizations to whichhe belongs are Sigma Xi, New York Acad­emy of Sciences, the Ohio Academy ofScience, and Chicago Astronomical Society.JAY C. WILLIAMS, '35, AM'43, PhD'56,has been appointed chairman of the divi­sion of social sciences of New York StateUniversity, College on Long Island, OysterBay. He has been professor of social sci­ence and education there for several years.DOROTHY ULRICH TROUBETZKOY,'36, of Richmond, Va., is currently manag­ing editor of Virginia Cavalcade, a picto­rial history magazine published quarterlyby the historical publications division ofthe Virginia State Library. The magazinereceived an award for excellence recentlyfrom the American Association for Stateand Local History. In the past Mrs. Trou­betzkoy has been information and researchofficer in charge of publications and publicrelations for the City of Richmond; featurewriter and columnist for the RichmondTimes-Dispatch, and for three years didpublicity and publications work for theVirginia Commission of Game and InlandFisheries. Mrs. Troubetzkoy's writing, bothprose and poetry, has been published innumerous magazines, newspapers and an­thologies. Her published books are: Outof the Wilderness (1957); Richmond, Cityof Churches (1957); and Where Is Christ­mas (1960) , and she edited SignificantAddresses of the Jamestown Festival(1958). The national and local awardsMrs. Troubetzkoy has received for bothprose and poetry are many. They include:the Carrie Hoffecker National Book Pub­lication Award (for Out of the Wilder­ness); Freedoms Foundation citation (forRichmond, City of Churches); four ArthurDavison Ficke Memorial Awards for son­net sequences; Poetry Society of Americamonthly and annual prizes; the James­town Award of the Virginia 350th Anni­versary Commission; National GovernmentPublic Relations Assn. citation for excel­lence of city public relations program andpublications, and numerous prizes offeredin open national competitions by literarysocieties of California, Delaware, Georgia, RIES '33Florida, New York, South Carolina, Texasand Virginia. Mrs. Troubetzkoy is marriedto Prince Serge Troubetzkoy and they havethree children.WILLIAM S. COOK, PhD'36, of BatonRouge, La., is an associate professor ofbotany at Louisiana State University there.EDITH BARTLETT COPPA, '36, of King­man, Ariz., is a housewife. Her husband issuperintendent of the Mohave GeneralHospital there.THOMAS CUTT, PhD'36, is chairman ofGreek and Latin at Wayne State Univer­sity in Detroit, Mich. His wife is EULAHARGIS, AM'30, a teacher at Northwest­ern High School in Detroit.LESLIE o. MEYER, '36, is owner of theDowntown Travelodge (motel) in Phoenix,Ariz.VIRGINIA CLARK ABBOTT, '37, is aclerk at the C. H. Little store, Freeport,Ill.SAMUEL ADLER, MD'37, is a physicianin Dixon, Ill.BERNARD M. AILTS, MD'37, of Abilene,Texas, is a physician.HUGO A. ANDERSON, JR., '37, is presi­dent of the Valley Oil Co. (distributors ofpetroleum products) in Loveland, Colo.PETRO L. PATRAS, '40, of Chicago, hasqualified for the third year of membershipin the Illinois Leaders Round Table, anorganization limited to life underwriterswho have met certain professional re­quirements and have established sales rec­ords of more than five hundred thousanddollars per year. Mr. Patras is with Massa­chusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co.FRANCES 1. SPAIN, AM' 40, PhD' 44, ofNew York City, is president of the Amer­ican Library Assn. Mrs. Spain is supervisorof work with children at the New YorkPublic Library.ISABELLA THOMSON BALL, '41, ofCarlsbad, Calif., writes that she and her29JOHNSON '60family plan to stay in California when herhusband, administrative officer of the NavalHospital at Camp Pendleton, retires nextspring after 30years in the Navy.ROBERT A. COLBY, AM'41, AM'42,PhD'49, of Jackson Heights, N.Y., writesthat he and his wife have just returnedto Queens College, Flushing, N.Y., after asabbatical year abroad spent largely doingresearch in the British Museum. Mr. Colbyis humanities librarian at Queens Collegeand Mrs. Colby teaches in the Englishdepartment.RICHARD G. KADESCH, PhD' 41, ofNewburgh, N.Y., is now research directorfor Nepera Chemical Company in Harri­man, N.Y. Mr. Kadesch was a researchdirector for Emery Industries in Cincin­nati for ten years.JOE LEVINGER, '41, MS'45, of BatonRouge, La., is a professor in the physicsdepartment at Louisiana State University,and engaged in theoretical nuclear physicsresearch.BETTY HAYNES LUCKHARDT, '41, andher family have moved from Okmulgee,Okla., to Evansville, Ind., where her hus­band, PAUL, '39, SM'40, is a petroleumengineer with Oilfield Research. She writes,"We've had a busy summer-my husbandgetting settled in a new position, I settlinga new house and our six girls getting ac­quainted in a new city."ELI M. OBOLER, '41, librarian of theIdaho State College Library, Pocatello,Ida., is presently writing a column for alocal newspaper, the Idaho State Journal.Until this year he had also written a col­umn for a local weekly, Intermountain, andhe still serves as editor of the Pacific North­west Library Association Quarterly. Longactive in professional organizations, Mr.Oboler has been president. of the PacificNorthwest Library Assn., president of theIdaho State Library Assn., and Idaho coun­cilor of the American Library Assn. Heis listed in Who's Who in America.MARGARET WATERMAN POWELL,30 GERSHUNY '53'41, of Cincinnati, Ohio, is still teachingart at the high school in St. Bernard, Ohio,where the art department is known forits excellence in ceramics, sculpture andprinting. Mrs. Powell writes that she iscontinuing her interest in painting, ceram­ics and enameling, and exhibits in showsoccasionally. She also assisted in organiz­ing the Hamilton County Art Teachers,and has been secretary-treasurer of thegroup for three years.ALBERT SOMIT, '41, PhD'47, is nowprofessor of public administration in thegraduate school of public administration atNew York University, Washington Square,New York City.ELLIS P. STEINBERG, '41, PhD'47,senior chemist at Argonne National Lab­oratory, Argonne, Ill., spent the year of1957-58 in Copenhagen, Denmark, at theInstitute for Theoretical Physics on a Gug­genheim Fellowship.MARY ELLEN McLEAN TABACK, '41,of Newport News, Va., writes that she isnow teaching high school mathematics. Herhusband is an engineer doing space re­search with N.A.S.A. at Langley Air ForceBase, Va.EDGAR W. NELSON, '43, of Scarsdale,N.Y., has been appointed director of mar­keting for the Lehn & Fink Products Corp.Formerly general manager of the Lehn &Fink Division of the corporation, Mr. Nel­son will now coordinate the marketingactivities of all of the corporation's con­sumer products. He will be responsiblefor long-range planning and the integrationof marketing research and new productdevelopment, as well as supervising artand packaging design work for all con­sumer products of the company. Beforejoining Lehn & Fink in July, 1959, Mr.Nelson was for three years senior vice pres­ident of Market Planning Corporation, anaffiliate of McCann-Erickson, Inc. Previ­ously he had been assistant to the presi­dent of Lever Brothers Co., and marketingconsultant for Booz Allen and Hamilton ofChicago. He is a member of the Amer- ican Management Assn., American Market­ing Assn., and the Scarsdale Town Club.MERCEDES VELEZ DE PEREZ, AM' 43,had several articles published in the Jan­uary-March, 1960 issue of Bienestar Pu­blico, a publication of the division of publicwelfare in the Department of Health ofPuerto Rico. Currently Mrs. De Perez isthe chief of the Bureau of Child Welfarein the division. She has represented PuertoRico at several international social welfareconferences.RAYMOND C. WANTA, '43, has recentlybeen appointed senior scientist at AlliedResearch Associates, Inc., of Boston, Mass.He was formerly a research meteorologistwith Allen Applied Research Inc. in Mary­land. Mr. Wanta and his family havemoved to Bedford, a suburb of Boston,and' he writes that all members of thefamily (six) are enjoying life in NewEngland.NANCY ELLIOTT SURKIN, '44, writesthat: while the Alumni Foundation wasrunning its campaign, she and her familywere having their own-trying to get theirpossessions and themselves moved to SanFrancisco. Mrs. Surkin's husband, MIL­TON, '44, is establishing the HallmarkInvestment Co. in San Francisco, while sheis '�trying to establish which gear to usefor climbing hills in the city."46-60BURTON J. GROSSMAN, '46, MD'49,writes that he has "stayed with the U of c."After his internship at the U of C Clinics,and residency training at Bobs RobertsChildren's Hospital, he joined the facultyas an instructor in 1954. Presently he isassociate director of the La Rabida Sani­tarium on campus and assistant professorof pediatrics, U of C School of Medicine.HARRIETT BERGER KOCH, '46, AM'58,is an instructor in nursing at the Universityof Illinois, teaching administration of pa­tient care. Mrs. Koch, her husband whois an insurance broker, and their three sonslive in Wilmette, Ill.CATHERINE MACLEOD LEWIS, '46, ofWest Covina, Calif., writes that she prac­ticed public health nursing for six years,until 1955. In August, 1953, she marriedRobert Lewis, now administrative salesmanager with an electronics firm, and theyhave three children.DONA ZWEIGORON MEILACK, '46,writes that she has had articles publishedin several national magazines and has re­cently written four juvenile books whichshould be on the market by the first ofthis year. Mrs. Meilack, who also teachesa writing course, lives in Chicago with herhusband, Melvin, an orthodontist, and theirtwo children.EDWARD J. MILLER, '46, of Chicagowrites that he was married in April, 1959,to Kathryn Foster, a buyer at MarshallTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOFields. They have one son, Timothy, bornin April, 1960. Mr. Miller is a manufac­turer's agent, styling, pricing and sellingfurniture for various companies.PHILLIP J. NEXON, '46, MA'48, of New­ton, Mass., writes that after two years inthe Navy during the Korean War (1951-53), he returned to Boston where he hasbeen practicing law with Goulston andStorrs law firm ever since. He and hiswife, Elinor, have three children-the mostrecent addition is Alan, one year old.LOIS ROBERT PRINDLE, '46, of Elm­hurst, Ill., and her husband, Don, announcethe birth of a boy, Perry Robert, bornAugust 22.THOMAS J. WHITBY, '47, AM'52, ofWashington, D.C., writes that since Sep­tember, 1959, he has been slavic scienceacquisitions specialist for the science andtechnology division, U.S. Library of Con­gress.JANET KING, AM'48, has joined the fac­ulty of the pchool of Social Work, RutgersUniversity, and is living in Highland Park,N.J.FRANCIS MORTHLAND, SM'48, PhD'50,has transferred to the Army Research Officeat Arlington, Va., in the capacity of bio­chemist, after several years at the Veterans'Administration Hospital in Indianapolis,Ind.WATSON PARKER, , 48, and his wife,OLGA GLASSMAN, '49, have moved fromHill City, S.D., to Norman, Okla., whereMr. Parker is attending the University ofOklahoma working toward his MA degreeit, American history.JOHN A. SANTINI, '48, writes that he,his wife, and two daughters are now livingin Chagrin Falls, Ohio, where he is prin­cipal of Lewis Sands Elementary School,a nongraded primary school.JAMES S. WILSON, '48, general foremanof Inland Steel Co., Gary, Ind., started theU of C two-year executive program inSeptember. His wife, RUTH STEEL, '41,works with parent councils for retardedchildren in Lake Co., Ind. She writes thather youngest of five children started kinder­garten this year-they are all in school forthe first time in 13 years!RONALD J. MOSS, '49, a lawyer in NewYork City, is director of the African Re­search Foundation, the leading medical andscientific research group working in Africa.Current projects, he writes, are in opera­tion from Ghana to Kenya, including can­cer research in Nairobi.JAMES M. SMITH, MD'49, was certifiedby the American Board of Surgery duringthe past year, and is practicing generalsurgery in Hamilton, Ohio. His wife isRUTH WALKER, '47.MORRIS SPECTOR, JD' 49, of Los An­geles, Calif., has been named electronicsstaff manager for Thompson Ramo Wool­dridge International. Mr. Spector was for­merly patent counsel for Ramo-WooldridgeCorporation. In his new position, he isresponsible for the foreign electronic activi-FEBRUARY, 1961 ties of the company as well as all mattersconcerning patents and trademarks inforeign countries.DWIGHT C. CONWAY, SM'53, PhD'56,is an assistant professor of chemistry atPurdue University, West Lafayette, Ind.JOSH W. GERSHUNY, MBA'53, was re­cently named manager of marketing atRyan Transdata, Inc. in San Diego, Calif.He was formerly president of MolectronicsCorp., a subsidiary of Minneapolis-Moline,in South El Monte, Calif. Also named toa post with Ryan Transdata is GORDONL. JOHNSON, MBA'60. He will serve asmanager of planning for the corporation.Mr. Johnson has previously served asadministrative officer for the U.s. StateDepartment in Indonesia, and in privateindustry as assistant to the vice presidentof Stromberg-Carlson, and director of clientrelations for John Diebold and Associatesin New York City.JOHN M. ALLEN, PhD'54, is associateprofessor of zoology at the University ofMichigan and his wife, SALLY LYMAN,PhD'54, is a research associate in thezoology department there. They live inAnn Arbor.JOSEPH M. COOGLE, JR., MBA'58, is amarket research analyst with the PillsburyCo., in Minneapolis, Minn.LAURA COPPLE, AM'58, PhD'60, is aprofessor of nursing at Montana State Col­lege in Bozeman.EVERETT L. COSBY, AM'58, is assistantdistrict supervisor with the WisconsinState Department of Public Welfare inWisconsin Rapids.DAVID C. CRAWFORD, PhD'58, is anastronomer at Kitt Peak National Observa­tory 'in Tucson, Ariz.EUGENE H. STIVERS, PhD'58, is assist­ant professor of education at Los AngelesState College, Los Angeles, Calif.EUGENE E. ADAMS, MBA'59, is chiefindustrial engineer with the Hallicrafter'sCo., in Chicago. He lives in Hillside, Ill.CHARLES D. BOLTON, PhD'59, is assist­ant professor of sociology at the Universityof California, Davis, Calif.MONTAGUE BROWN, '59, MBA'60, wasappointed assistant dean of students in theGraduate School of Business at U of C,June 15, 1960. He is working toward hisPhD degree in the school. Mr. Brown an­nounces the birth of a second daughter,Helene, on December 6.SIDNEY P. ABRAMSON, JD'60, a lawyerin St. Paul, Minn., is currently in the serv­ice.GEORGE EDWIN AKER, MBA'60, is anadministrative officer with the U.S. AirForce at Malmstrom Air Force Base inMontana. He lives at Great Falls.WILLIAM C. ALLEN, MD'60, is an in­tern at Philadelphia General Hospital, Phil­adelphia, Pa. His wife is KATHRYN EN­GELHARD, '59. VAGABOND RANCHGranby, Colorado. Boys 12-17 who have out­grown "camp" and need more mature, educa­tional summer adventure. Riding, pack trips,fishing, shooting, climbing, geology, forestry,work program. Camping trips all over West.15th season. Station wagon caravan West inJune, boys fly home in August. Veteran staff,R. N. Separate western travel program for girls14-18, 3rd summer. Folder:Mr. & Mrs_ C. A. PAVEKRumsey Hall School Washington, Conn.BEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO24 HOUR SERVICELicensed • Bonded • InsuredQualified WeldersSubmerged Water HeatersHAymarket 1-79171404-08 S. Western Ave.. ChicagoRICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING and DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMOnroe 6-3192UNIVERSITY NATIONAL BANK1354 East 55th StreetNrI�dadNMemberFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationMUseum 4-1200YOUR FAVORITEFOUNTAIN TREATTASTES BETTERA product of [Swift & Company7409 So. State Str •• tPhon. RAdcliff. 3-740031memorialsFRANK E. SAMPSON, MD'91, of Creston,Ia., died on April 21, 1960. He wasfounder of the Greater Community Hos­pital in Creston.uLYSSES S. LEWIS, MD'96, of EastDubuque, Ill., died on March 20, 1960.WILLIAM F. BUTTERMAN, '97, ofDowningtown, Pa., died on February 20,1960.HARRIET AGERTER STOLL, '97, diedin April, 1955. Recently her husband,Elmer E. Stoll, died and left a bequest tothe University of $40,000 to establish aHarriet Agerter Scholarship to be awarded,when practical, to a high school studentfrom Lima, Ohio, her birthplace.JEROME H. TITUS, MD'OO, of Upland,Calif., died on February 8, 1960.CLAUDE A. LLOYD, MD'Ol; of Beloit,Wise., died on March 19, 1960.HAMILTON N. MORROW, MD'Ol, ofFremont, Neb., died on August 9, 1960.ALFRED N. MURRAY, MD'Ol, of Evans­ton, Ill. , died on May 26, 1960.ADELARD E. BESSETTE, MD'02, ofBelen, N.M., died on June 7, 1960.DAVID B. STERN, '02, of Chicago, Ill.,died on November 28. He was retiredpresident of A. G. Becker and Co. and anhonorary trustee of the U of C.JOHN H. VAN DYKE, MD'03, of LongBeach, Calif., has died.OSCAR P. LIENAU, '04, of Detroit, Mich.,died on November 22.DUDLEY K. FRENCH, '05, of Winnetka,Ill. , has died.ALICE PORTER BARD, '06, of LaPorte,Ind., died on November 20.JOHN N. BROWN, AM'06, of Denton,Texas, died on August 22.WALTER RATHKE, '07, AM'12, of Chi­cago, Ill., died on December 15. He wasformer classics librarian at the U of C,where he served for 30 years until hisretirement in 1950. His wife was FLOR­ENCE COMPTON, '08, who died in 1955.HELEN G. TODD, '07, of Berwyn, Ill.,died on October 24.FRANK S. BEVAN,"08, JD'lO, of Atlanta,Ill. died on November 5. Mr. Bevan wasa �ircuit court judge of the 11th JudicialDistrict.THEODOSIA G. BROWN, '08, of Abing­don, Ill. , has died.32 ROSCOE R. HILL, '09, of Washington,D.C., died on October 26.ANNA M. CHRISTENSEN, '10, of Osh­kosh, Wise., died on November 17.EMIR F. AMMERMAN, '11, of KansasCity, Mo., died in November.ROBERT R. BERENS, '11, of Spokane,Wash., died on August 1.J. WORTH ALLEN, JD'12, of Denver,Colo., died in 1958.BERT J. DEAN, '12, of Mendota, Ill., diedon April 21, 1955.ADOLF OLSON, '12, of St. Paul, Minn.,died June 11, 1955.HARRY N. SUTHERLAND, MD'12, ofEly, Minn., died on February 28, 1960.ESTHER L. DEVIN, '13, AM'15, of SouthBend, Ind., died on November 2.MAUDE DOTT HUGHES, '13, of Tulsa,Okla., has died. Her husband is RICHARDHUGHES, '16.BERNICE E. CLARK, '14, AM'28, ofSouth Bend, Ind., died on December 14.EDWARD M. HARVEY, PhD'14, ofPomona, Calif., died on November 11,1959.HARLEY E. MITCHELL, AM'14, of La­cona, Ia., died on November 11.LEIBERT W. BOWER, '15, of Camden,Ark., died in August, 1957.MAGDALENE MEYER, '15, of Lincoln,Ill., has died.FLORENCE CHISHOLM BOWLES, '16,of Highland Park, Mich., died on Novem­ber 25 in Detroit.CLAUDE L. WILLIAMS, AM'16, of Chi­cago, Ill., died on November 22.IVAN R. EGBERT, '17, MD'20, of Area,Ida., died on April 26, 1960.ALICE H. FARNSWORTH, SM'17,PhD'20, of Newton Upper Falls, Mass.,died on October 1.JOHN B. LAURENCE, '17, MD'24, of St.Louis, Mo., died on June 12, 1960.JOHN R. CRANOR, '19, of Walla Walla,Wash., died on June 12, 1959.FRED J. MILLER, '19, of Waterloo, Ia.,died on February 10, 1959.MARCIA E. TURNER, AM'19, died onSeptember 16, 1959.W ALTER R. LOEHWING, '20, SM'21,PhD'25, former dean of the Graduate Col­lege of the University of Iowa, Iowa. City, died on August 1. Mr. Loehwing washead of the botany department from 1940to 1.953, and is listed in Who's Who inAmerica.MAUDE B. DAVIS, AM'21, former pro­fessor of education at Trinity University,San Antonio, Texas, died in November.PATSY LUPO STOVER, SM'21, ofCharleston, Ill., died in 1956.JOHN K. WARREN, AM'21, of Wautoma,Wise., has died.HOWARD VAN ARNAM, '22, of Ft.Wayne, Ind., died on March 24, 1960.WILLIAM H. HAAS, PhD'22, former pro­fessor of geography at Northwestern Uni­versity, Evanston, Ill., died on November 7.LEORA BLAIR, AM'23, of Fort Smith,Ark., died on February 5, 1960.WADE H. SHUMATE, AM'23, of Man­gum, Okla., died on August 31, 1955.ROBERT J. WATSON, '23, of Humboldt,Ia., died on February 2, 1960.HERMAN GREER, AM'24, of Chicago,Ill., died on November 19.JOHN A. HALL, JD'24, of Chicago, diedon September 16.RUTH BOWMAN JOHNSON, '25, ofBrookfield, Ill., died on March 16, 1960.RUBEN NOMLAND, MD'25, of IowaCity, Ia., died on April 13, 1960.EDMUND L. SCHLAEGER, '27, of Chi­cago, Ill., died on October 9.ZELLE F. MILLS, '29, of Bartlett, IlL,has died.I. PAULINE HENDERSON, AM'30, ofEmporia, Kan., died in February, 1960.MICHAEL P. OHLSEN, MD'30, of WestAllis, Wise., died on June 22, 1960.DA VID C. ATWOOD, MD'31, of Madi­son, Wise., died on October 13.ARTHUR F. CUNNINGHAM, MD'31, ofSpokane, Wash., died on April 11, 1960.MARION WEIR BAKER, '34, of Hanover,Ind., has died. Her husband, FRANK K.BAKER, '06, died in January, 1953.FRANK J. REICHMANN, '34, of LaCrescenta, Calif., died on February 5,1960.MILDRED THRONE, '34, of Iowa City,Ia., died on July 3, 1960.ALLEN L. MISEREZ, AM'35, of Milan,Mich., has died.M. MARION STIMSON FENWICK,AM'36, of Sycamore, Ill., died on Decem­ber 5.PAUL N. SMITH, MD'36, of Oxnard,Calif., died on May 7, 1960.WALTER G. SMITH, AM' 41, of Ohio,Ill., died on April 26, 1955.HENRY E. SCHLEGEL, JR., MD' 42, ofLake Grove, Ore., died on October 16.SAMUEL L. BOTKIN, AM'50, of Okla­homa. City, Okla., has died.AGATHA SOBEL POPE, MD'54, of'Washington, D.C., died on June 14, 1960.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGONEW HORIZONS INCOMMUNICATIONSThe Bell System will spend21/2 billion dollars fornew equipment, new servicesand new ideas this yearto grow with AmericaThat's a lot of money.But the Bell System has been in­vesting in additional plant at a highrate jor the past five years.With those dollars, during that time,we've opened up some far-reachingfrontiers.For example:We put nearly 15 million moretelephones into service. We addedfacilities for a billion more Long Dis­tance calls a year.We bounced telephone calls off themoon and Echo I as a prelude to aworld - wide satellite communicationsystem.We developed Data-Phone serviceso that electronic business machinescan "talk" to each other over regulartelephone lines. (Some day, machineswill do more talking than people! )We extended Direct Distance Dial­ing so that more than half our cus- tomers can dial their own Long Dis­tance calls quickly and easily.We introduced the lovely little.Princess phone that lights up for easy. dialing -and the Call Director tele­phone that gives business a versatile,efficient intercom system in one com­pact instrument.More Advances AheadWe're testing pushbutton phonesthat are faster than dialing-and anElectronic Central Office that providestelephone services never known before.We're launching Bellboy-a smallpocket receiver that tells you whensomeone wants to reach you on thephone.These are only a few of the notablenew products and services from BellTelephone Laboratories being madeavailable for nation-wide use.Our job is BIG-and growing at a fantastic rate. Right in the midst ofAmerica's population explosion, tele­phones have been multiplying fasterthan people!More Capital NeededTo meet this demand to improveand extend your service takes dol-lars by the billions. And investors willcontinue to put up the billions onlyif they expect to be reasonably wellpaid for the use of their money.Only with continued adequate earn­ings can we conduct the research andplan the orderly expansion that keepthe quality of your telephone servicegoing up-while holding the price ofit down. All these things benefit thetelephone user, of course.But, in addition, those dollars gener­ate local jobs and opportunities-addto national progress and prosperity­and further advance the finest, fastesttelephone service in the world.FREDERICK R. KAPPEL, PRESIDENTAMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY· You may preferto,,give· securities this', yearSend by registered mail to·J. Parker Hall, TreasurerThe University of Chicago38 South Dearborn StreetChicago 37" IllinoisRegistered securities should be endorsed to the University of Chicago