a»From left, Bill Ackerman, C.L.U., New England Life, R. F. Denton, Jr., and H. W. Jamieson, prominent California businessmen.New England Life's Bill Ackerman makesa business of serving California businessmenBill Ackerman works with men with ideas and companies with potential. For example, Bill handles thebusiness life insurance for organizations in whichH. W. Jamieson and R. F. Denton, Jr., have aninterest.Bill gets a deep sense of satisfaction from theknowledge that he's contributed to the growth andstrength of young businesses. Since joining NewEngland Life in 1946, he's seen many of the men he'sinsured become successful executives. And Bill, himself, is a success. He's a life member of our ownLeaders Association and of the top national organization, the Million Dollar Round Table.If a career like this appeals to you, investigate the possibilities with New England Life. Men who meetand maintain our requirements get a regular incomeright from the start and can work practically anywhere in the United States.For more information, write Vice President JohnBarker, 501 Boylston Street, Boston 17, Mass.NEW ENGLAND( / 1> f (/AAAA/Jy M-l M. M. M-l boston, MassachusettsTHE COMPANY THAT FOUNDED MUTUALLIFE INSURANCE IN AMERICA -1835125th Anniversary of Our CharterThese Chicago University men are New England Life representatives:GEORGE MARSELOS, '34, ChicagoROBERT P. SAALBACH, '39, Omaha JOHN R. DOWNS, C.L.U., '46, ChicagoHERBERT W. SIEGAL, '46, San AntonioAsk one of these competent men to tell you about the advantages of insuring in the New England Life.MemojMMust be robustIn the classified section of the Maroonfor April 1st, underHelp Wanted: Amicable young manwanted to run large school. Good opportunities for, at most, five years. Must beacademic who is physically robust andwarm hearted. Substantial salary and living quarters provided. Call Midway3-0800, ask for Larry.In the same classified section underSituation Wanted: Old boater and wifewould like to see the world. Has hadexperience as cattle wrangler and philosopher. Will settle for rest and keep aswages. Call Midway 3-0800, as for Larry.Ask a silly question and get . . .The Class of '35 mailed a questionnaireto all members in preparation for their 25thcelebration on June 10th. From a marriedwoman who says "yep" she's returningfor the reunion:Weight in College: 122.Care to comment or would we knowyou anywhere?( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )Then NowWhat do you do with your spare time?What spare time?What did you like most about the U ofC? The U of C.Whom would you particularly like tosee? Anyone whom I would recognize orwho can recognize me in middle-agespread.Facts and rumorsThis much we know: Stanley R. Pierce,14, former football star and investmentbroker, died on Christmas day, 1959. Awidower with no children, he left his estateto the University.This we don't know until the facts are^leased by the executors of the estate,Continental Illinois National Bank andTrust Co.: whether the estate was worth* million, as headlined, or $600,000, as¦urnored; whether it was one or moretickets of gold coins dug up in his backfard at Mt. Prospect, Illinois; whether it^as a plum tree or a pear tree, as reported by the Maroon— which added thathey found more than a partridge; whether&ese coins were discovered by followingSections from a lock box or a combina tion found in a desk drawer at the homewhich opened a safe in the garage whichgave directions to a back yard burial site;whether the coins were $100,000-worthof gold pieces dated in the '70's and '80'sworth more than $200,000 as collectors'items; whether the government will confiscate them; or when the estate will besettled so we can make a true report toyou.Passing of PondJohn A. Pond, who joined the Alumnioffice staff last fall to become Director ofthe Alumni Foundation, accepted a position with William Jewell College as business manager and has moved to Liberty,Missouri.John, a graduate of the Executives Program at the University, left a position inthe business office of the University ofColorado to come to Chicago. The WilliamJewell offer was so much more in his lineof training that he couldn't resist it.Before leaving he had set up the nationalorganization for the 1960 fund campaignand began the reorganization of the Foundation Board into practical working committees for long-range planning.As yet no successor has been appointed.A. J. Carlson LectureshipA lectureship fund memorializing thelate Dr. A. J. Carlson (Physiology) hasbeen established. It is hoped that $12,000can be raised for its endowment. If youwish to contribute, send your check, payable to The University of Chicago markedCarlson Lectureship, to the Alumni Foundation, 5733 University Ave., Chicago 37.It will be credited as your 1960 alumnigift and your name will be listed in theHonor Roll.Reader reactionMay I congratulate you on the fine ideaof publishing statements from the Emeriti?[March-April] The whole issue was mostinteresting. The article by Pargellis [TheSpirit of a City— Chicago] was splendidlywritten and had a thread of poeticalimagination running through all of it. Iwas also delighted to see the photographof Dr. Hodges and to follow the taperecording of the six panelists discussingRussia.Probably the greatest thrill I got was inthe least expected place. I glanced at thephotographs in the article on basketballand there I saw the beaming countenanceof my colleague, Leon Carnovsky. He seemed supremely happy with what theperformers were doing on the floor. . . .There appeared to be a nub of a halosprouting on his glistening dome. If itdeveloped into a full blown golden crown,I should want a photograph.Louise R. Wilson [Prof. Emeritus, Graduate Library School], Chapel Hill, N. C.I am a frequent booster for the highquality of the Magazine, but you haveachieved a new high with the March issue.The whole issue was excellent but theNotes from the Emeriti opened the nostalgic flood gates for this old-timer, himselfabout to achieve emeritus status; now alittle less reluctantly, thanks to your editorial achievement.Donald P. Bean, Director, Syracuse University PressWe wish to congratulate you on twosplendid articles in the January issue. TheDarwin Centennial Celebration and TheEvolutionary Vision deserve reading andre-reading. We were also much impressedby Brave Old World Revisited in the February issue.Do you suppose some brave theologiancould write a sequel to the articlespresented in these issues, showing whatthe "character of a man's religion" will beor could be as a result of psycho-socialevolution? Such an article, in the light ofthe material already set forth, should beof tremendous interest. . . .Articles such as these are both timelyand significant and cannot help but makeus proud of our University.George V. Deal and Emily S. Deal,Akron, Ohio.Among the 40,000 Citizens of No Country by Belden Paulson [February] is oneof the most stimulating articles ever read.It would, of course, require far more thanneeded funds to do any similar job— forbrains, rare understanding, dedication andpersonal sacrifice were there. Congratulations to Murray and Paulson [for creatingHELP and their refugee settlement inSardinia].Caroline T. Nivling, Miami, Florida.Time Will TellA long-playing record of the Victorianmusical, Time Will Tell, which was presented at Mandel Hall during the DarwinCentennial, can be secured for $5 fromRecording Associates, 159 E. Ontario St.,Chicago, 11.H.W.M.May, 1960 1UNIVERSITY/ o.MAGAZINE5733 University AvenueChicago 37, IllinoisMidway 3-0800; Extension 3244EDITOR Marjorie BurkhardtFEATURES7 ...The Leisure SocietyReuel Denney13 ...Messages from Space15... Is Politics Corporation Business?Seminar19 . Teachers and Their Students31.... Notes from the Emeriti — IIIDEPARTMENTSI Memo Pad3 News of the Quadrangles22... Books by Alumni and Faculty23 - Class News32 MemorialsCOVERChancellor Lawrence A. Kimpton announceshis resignation to the press. Photo: AlbertFlores.PHOTO CREDITSCover, 5: Albert C. Flores. 13: Lee Balterman.17: San Francisco Chronicle. 19-21: ArchieLieberman.The University of ChicagoALUMN! ASSOCIATIONPRESIDENT John F. Dille, Jr.EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Howard W. MortADMINISTRATIVE ASST Ruth G. HalloranPROGRAMMING Lucy Tye VandenburghALUMNI FOUNDATIONChicago-Midwest Area Florence MedowREGIONAL OFFICESEastern Region _.W. Ronald SimsRoom 22, 31 E. 39th StreetNew York 16, N. Y.MUrray Hill 3-1518Western Region Mary LeemanRoom 318, 717 Market St.San Francisco 3, Calif.EXbrook 2-0925Los Angeles Branch Mrs. Marie StephensI 195 Charles St., Pasadena 3After 3 P.M.— SYcamore 3-4545MEMBERSHIP RATES (Including Magazine)I year, $5.00; 3 years, $12.00Published monthly, October through June, by theUniversity of Chicago Alumni Association, 5733University Avenue, Chicago 37, Illinois. Annualsubscription price, $5.00. Single copies, 25 cents.Entered as second class matter December I, 1934,at the Post Office of Chicago, Illinois, under theact of March 3, 1879. Advertising agent: The American Alumni Council, 22 Washington Square, NewYork, N. Y. cool, lightweight, comfortableOUR COLORFUL SPORTWEARin interesting new designs and colorings(shown) New Lightweight Worsted-and-CottonOdd Jacket, in Muted Shades oj Tan, Olive ,Dark Red and Teal Blue Blended Together, $50New Very Lightweight Worsted Blazerin Navy or Olive-Mustard, $50Plaid India Madras Odd Jacket, $39.50Cotton Seersucker Odd Jacket in Our ExclusiveGlenurquhart Plaids, $25 j in Strifes, $22.50Tropical Worsted Odd Trousers' m Many Shades, $25Bermuda and Jamaica Length Shorts, jrom $ 1 1THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINENEWS OF THE QUADRANGLESChancellor Kimpton ResignsIn announcing Chancellor Kimpton'sresignation, Glen A. Lloyd, chairmanof the University's Board of Trustees,said "Mr. Kimpton's action has beenreceived by the trustees with greatestreluctance and regret. His administration has indeed been a notable one,commanding the confidence and support of the trustees, the faculty, andthe public."During his administration the educational and research stature of theUniversity has been strengthened, itsfinancial position has been greatly improved, and its facilities extended. Notthe least of Mr. Kimpton's achievements has been his outstanding leadership in a number of programs to protect the University from the threat ofa deteriorating neighborhood."In informing the faculty of his resignation Mr. Kimpton said, "Every eraof the University has its special problems and when I became ChancellorI found some which required priorityof consideration. In common with otherurban universities, the University ofChicago was confronted with the problem of encroaching blight. If the University was to exist, that threat had tobe removed. It has been removed, andwe now have assurance of a stablecommunity in which the University willhave the environment essential to itslife and activities."Another goal I set myself was tostabilize the financial affairs of theUniversity. This involved bringing itsannual budgets into close balance evenwhile increasing faculty salaries and italso required substantial additions toour capital funds for endowment andexpansion of our physical plant."The campaign of 1955-58 and theactivity it engendered led to the addition of large sums to our endowment,a real increase in the level of our faculty salaries, and a needed expansionin our physical facilities. Our budgetfor the year 1960-61 is in balance."Nine years ago our professionalschools, with the brilliant exception ofMedicine, demanded improvement. Therise of the Law School and of theGraduate School of Business has beenspectacular. There has been a solidstrenghening of the School of SocialService Administration and the Fed erated Theological Faculty. We haveadded the Graduate School of Education so that the University can meetits obligations to the primary and secondary school systems of the country."Our college had the best-conceivedundergraduate education in the country, but its lack of articulation withthe basic structure of American education had created a number of difficulties. It also tended to be isolatedfrom the rest of the University. TheCollege has been reorganized in aseries of gradual steps, so that it isbetter related within and without theUniversity, without sacrifice of itsunique educational elements."The four divisions of the University,in which our research and graduatetraining are centered, were strong in1951 and they are strong today. TheUniversity has continued to attract andencourage the best scholars and scientists by paying them well, providingthem with excellent facilities, and maintaining the University's unrivalled spiritof freedom."I am proud of this record and I amdeeply grateful that I was given theopportunity nine years ago to undertake the leadership of this University.No other University in the country hasour combination of a board of trusteesthat is so courageous, cooperative, andacademically concerned; a faculty whodeeply believe in the University's destiny; and a loyal and intelligent alumnibody. I owe a deep debt also to thepeople of the community, who stuckit out with us in good times and in bad."Why, then, do I want to resign?My conviction is that the head of sucha university as this one can do hisbest work for it within a reasonablyshort time. The University every sooften requires a change in leaders whocan apply fresh and sharply objectiveappraisals, and start anew, free of theassociations, friendships, and scars ofa common struggle."I believe that the history of ourUniversity bears me out in showingthe renewed vitality and intensitywhich came with each of my predecessors and the new and distinctivecontributions they were able to makethrough the direction they gave theUniversity."This is the more understandable—and this is not a complaint— when Iremind you that the job is an enormously demanding and exhausting one. "Finally, I can only say that, wereI not confident you could find someonewho could do the job from here onbetter than I could do it, I would notresign. The University of Chicagomeans more to me than I am able toexpress."Mr. Kimpton told the trustees andthe faculty that he had no intentionof becoming head of another university."I could not develop the enthusiasmand devotion to any other institutionwhich I have for the University ofChicago," he said. "I may, amongother activities, engage in some educational and governmental consulting."The successful effort to save theHyde Park-Kenwood community inwhich Mr. Kimpton has taken a leadingpart as chancellor of the Universityand as president of the South EastChicago Commission involved him inactivities usually remote from the roleof a university administrator. The effort was one of the first in the country,and has made many contributions tothe technique and tools of combatingurban decay.Approximately 48 acres to the northand east of the University quadrangleswere razed under a slum clearance program, and are now being rebuilt withWebb & Knapp, Inc., as the redeveloped Townhouses, two high-riseapartment buildings, and a shoppingcenter are in various stages of completion, and this part of the reclamation will be finished by the end of theyear. Acquisition and demolition costs,paid by public funds, were $10,217,-607 and the cost of the redevelopmentconstruction is approximately $18,000,-000.The second phase of the renewalprocess, an Urban Redevelopment Project, covering the 1.1 square miles from47th to 59th Streets, Cottage GroveAvenue to the Lake, is under way.After he leaves the University, heexpects to live on Chicago's South Side."I am willing to continue as presidentof the South East Chicago Commissionin the work of neighborhood conservation if I am asked to do so, and provided, of course, my future activitiesmake this possible."Since the first full fiscal year ofMr. Kimpton's administration, 1951-52,through February, 1960, the University has received almost exactly $100,-000,000 in paid-in contributions, atotal which is more than half of theMAY, 1960 3contributions received in the first sixdecades of the University. The previous most productive period in the gifthistory of the University was the decade 1927-37, when $62,400,000, ofwhich $38,300,000 was from Rockefeller sources, was received. \During Chancellor Kimpton's nineyears, there have been net additions toendowment of $29,500,000, exclusiveof capital gains on endowment and ofmarket appreciation of endowment investments. The operating budget forthe normal activities of the Universityhas increased from $17,300,000, in1950-51, to $32,400,000 for the academic year 1960-61, which begins thisJuly 1.Since 1951, the University has completed $24,500,000 of new facilitiesand it has under way an additional$17,500,000 in new construction, a total of $42,000,000, adding fifteen majornew buildings and providing extensiveremodeling of others. In addition, theUniversity has made large investmentsin its neighborhood for graduate students and faculty housing and otherpurposes.While he was buttressing the University's financial resources and addingto its physical facilities, Mr. Kimptonprovided appreciable increases in faculty salaries. The largest increases havebeen made in the last five years, a period in which median faculty salarieswere raised approximately 30 per centfor all full-time faculty members.Chancellor Kimpton's association withthe University began in 1943, when hebecame associate director and then director of the Metallurgical Laboratory,the University-operated secret projecton the Midway which produced theatomic bomb.His first appointment in the University, September 1, 1944, was that ofdean of students and professor of philosophy. On July 1, 1946, he becamevice-president and dean of faculties,continuing his appointment as professorof philosophy.From September 1, 1947, to August1, 1950, Mr. Kimpton was dean ofstudents and professor of philosophy atStanford University. He returned to theUniversity of Chicago July 1, 1951, asvice-president in charge of developmentand professor of philosophy, the positions he held when elected chancelloras successor to Robert M. Hutchins.Born October 7, 1910, in KansasCity, Missouri, Mr. Kimpton took theBachelor's degree from Stanford University in 1931, the Master's Degree in1932, and a Ph.D. degree from CornellUniversity, in 1935„.Mr. Kimpton has headed various influential education organizations duiing his tenure as chancellor of the University of Chicago. He was chairman ofthe American Council on Education,1957-58, and currently is president ofthe Association of American Universities and a trustee of the CarnegieFoundation for the Advancement ofTeaching. Mr. Kimpton is a director ofCommonwealth Edison Company andthe Standard Oil Company (Indiana).He also is a director of the Museum ofScience and Industry.In the expectation that a successorcan be chosen within a reasonable period of time, Chancellor Kimpton didnot set an effective date for his resignation. In the selection of the successor,the traditional procedure of a faculty-trustee committee recommendation tothe board will be followed. As boardchairman, Mr. Lloyd has named thetrustee committee; the faculty advisorycommittee was elected under procedures established by the Council of theUniversity Senate, the ruling academicbody.In addition to Mr. Lloyd, an alumnus of the University of Chicago LawSchool (Class of 1923) and a prominent Chicago attorney, the membersof the trustee committee are:1. Marshall Field, Jr., president andpublisher, Chicago Sun-Times and theChicago Daily News. He also is president of Field Enterprises, Inc.2. Robert P. Gwinn, president ofSunbeam Corporation, Chicago, and analumnus of the University of Chicago,Class of 1929.3. Charles H. Percy, president, Bell& Howell Co., Chicago, also an alumnus of the University of Chicago, Classof 1941.4. Hermon D. Smith, president, Marsh& McLennan, Inc., Chicago.Mr. Lloyd said that he will suggestthat three former chairmen of the University of Chicago Board of Trustees,because of their wide knowledge ofUniversity affairs, be asked to assistthe two committees as consultants. Theformer chairmen are Harold H. Swift,trustee head from 1914 to 1949, LairdBell from 1949 to 1953 and Edward L.Ryerson from 1953 to 1956.Arthur Friedman, professor of English, in his capacity as spokesman forthe Council of the Senate, reports thefour major academic divisions of theUniversity—biological sciences, physicalsciences, the humanities and the socialsciences— and the College are represented on the faculty group.Mr. Friedman said the faculty members were:1. Dr. William Bloom, Charles H.Swift distinguished service professor in the department of anatomy. He is anauthority on the structure and development of bone. An alumnus of JohnsHopkins University, Dr. Bloom is amember of the National Academy 0fSciences, one of the highest honors inU.S. science.2. Edward Hirsch Levi, dean of theUniversity of Chicago Law School. Heholds two degrees from the Universityof Chicago— a bachelor's degree (1932)and a doctor of jurisprudence degree(1935). At Yale, where he was a Sterling Fellow, he received his J.S.D. degree in 1938.3. John A. Simpson, professor in thedepartment of physics and the EnricoFermi Institute for Nuclear Studies atthe University of Chicago. He is one ofthe world's leading authorities on cosmic rays. He received his A.B. degreefrom Reed College, Portland, Oregon,in 1940, and both his M.S. (1942) andPh.D. (1943) from New York University.4. Robert E. Streeter, professor ofEnglish, and former dean of the College (1954-1958). He received hisbachelor's degree from Bucknell University (1938) and the A.M. and Ph.D.degrees from Northwestern University,in 1940 and 1943. His chief academicfields are American literature and history of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and rhetorical theory.He also is an authority on the historyof American periodicals.5. Napier Wilt, dean of the Divisionof Humanities since 1951, who alsotook part in the faculty advisory groupwhich assisted in the selection of Chancellor Kimpton. A member of the University of Chicago English faculty since1923, Wilt is an authority on Americanliterature, primarily drama. He receivedhis M.A. and Ph.D. from the Universityof Chicago in 1921 and 1924 respectively. He earned his bachelor's degreeat Indiana University in 1917.AppointmentsDr. Lowell T. Coggeshall, who hasbeen Dean of the Division of BiologicalSciences at the University since 1947,has been appointed a vice-president ofthe University. In his new position, Dr.Coggeshall primarily will be responsiblefor the development of medical researchprograms and facilities at the University. In addition, Dr. Coggeshall willseek to build up resources for the general activities of the biological sciencesdivision— one of the largest in the University. He will continue to representthe University of Chicago on a numberof major public and private committeesand agencies on the local, national andinternational scene.4 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe decision creating the new vice-presidency was proposed in late January and Dr. Coggeshall advised members of his division's faculty of the impending change on February 29th,However, public announcement wasdeferred until formal approval of theboard of trustees was received and acommittee to select Dr. Coggeshall'ssuccessor was appointed."Dr. Coggeshall has worked brilliant h for 13 years to maintain the position of the University of Chicago medical school as one of the best in theworld," Chancellor Kimpton said inannouncing the appointment. "We areverv pleased to welcome Dr. Coggeshallto the University's central administration.'Dr. Robert D. Moore has been appointed chief of the orthopedic sectionof the Department of Surgery. Cur-rentlv associate professor of surgery,Dr. Moore also will become professorof urgery on July 1st..'. member of the University facultysince 1958, Dr. Moore was in privatepractice as an orthopedic surgeon from1948 to 1958. He was a consultant tothe Veterans Administration Hospitalin Dwight, Illinois, from 1949 to 1957.He had previously been a member ofthe University of Chicago faculty, asassistant professor of surgery, 1946-48; resident and instructor, 1943-46;and assistant resident in surgery, 1941-43. He served as an assistant residentin surgery at the University of Missouri 1940-41, and interned at the University of Chicago Clinics in 1939-40.Dr. Ililger P. Jenkins of Chicago hasbeen appointed professor of surgery.Dr. Jenkins, who was a member ofthe University of Chicago faculty from1930 to 1947', served on the staff' of theUniversity of Illinois College of Medicine from 1947 through 1959. At theUniversity of Illinois he was clinicalassociate professor of surgery from1947-1958, and clinical professor ofsurgery, 1958-60.At the University of Chicago, Dr.Jen! mis served as an instructor in sur-gen from 1930 to 1933, assistant professor of surgery, 1933-38, and associate professor of surgery, 1938-46.Dr. Jenkins is the author of manyscientific and medical articles. In experimental work performed at the University of Chicago in 1945-46 on a newsubstance for controlling bleeding,gelatin sponge or "Gelfoam," he demonstrated its value in general surgery.This material, "Gelfoam," is now usedln most operating rooms throughout thecountry.Dr. Jenkins has been especially interested in motion pictures for medicaleducation. As chairman of the motion picture committee of the AmericanCollege of Surgeons, he has developedthis phase of the College's educationalprograms. In recognition of his workwith films, he received the Distinguished Service Award of the AmericanCollege of Surgeons in 1959. He haspersonally produced 18 medical films,which have been widely shown to medical audiences throughout the country.Dr. Jenkins plans to work extensivelytoward a wide use of visual aids forimproving undergraduate and graduatemedical education at the University ofChicago.Dr. Jenkins received a bachelor ofscience degree from the University ofChicago in 1923 and a doctor of medicine degree from Rush Medical Collegein 1927. After interning at Presbyterian Hospital in Chicago, he heldresidencies and a traveling fellowshipin surgery at the University of Chicago.D. Gale Johnson, professor of economics, has been named Dean of theSocial Sciences Division.Mr. Johnson, who has been servingas associate dean of the division, willbegin his tenure as dean on June 1.He succeeds Chauncy D. Harris, whohas been Dean of the Division ofSocial Sciences since 1954. Dean Harrisis returning to his research work asa professor of geography.Mr. Johnson has a full-time teachingschedule in economic theory and agricultural economics in the Spring Quarter. He also is chairman of the facultycommittee on the Conference on World Tensions to be held at the Universityof Chicago in May, which will bringat least six Nobel Peace prize winnersto the Midway campus.Born in Vinton, Iowa, Mr. Johnsonlived on a farm until he went to college.He received his B.S. degree from IowaState College in 1938, took an M.S.from the University of Wisconsin in1939, attended the' University of Chicago during 1939-41, and returned toIowa State to study for his Ph.D.,which he received in 1945. From 1941to 1944 he was assistant professor ofagricultural economics at Iowa.He was one of 12 American farmexperts who toured the Soviet Unionin 1955 under sponsorship of the U.S.Department of Agriculture. He is aconsultant to the RAND Corporation,a top-level governmental advisoryagency. He has served as consultantto the war-time Office of Price Administration (1942), the Departmentof State (1946), and the Departmentof the Army (1948), for whom hemade a study of postwar German foodproblems, and the Tennessee ValleyAuthority.Mr. Johnson came to the Universityof Chicago as a research associate in1944 and has been a professor of economics since 1953. He is the authorof two books, Forward Prices for Agriculture (1947) and Agriculture andTrade (1950). He has three timesreceived the American Farm EconomicAssociation Award for best publishedworks in agricultural economics.Chancellor Kimpton announces his resignation to the press.May, 1960HonorsLeo Szilard, Hungarian-born professor of biophysics at the University,is one of two American scientists whohave been named recipents of the 1959Atoms for Peace Award. Eugene PaulWigner, professor of mathematicalphysics at Princeton will received theother 1959 award.Alvin M. Weinberg, '35, SM'36,Ph.D.'37, director of the Oak RidgeNational Laboratory at Oak Ridge,Tenn., and Walter H. Zinn, Canadian-born vice president of Combustion Engineering, Inc., are the 1960 choices.Mr. Szilard, who, with the late Mr.Enrico Fermi, received the patent forthe first nuclear reactor, is a patientin Memorial Center of Cancer andAllied Diseases in New York.In announcing the selections JamesR. Killian Jr., chairman of the boardof trustees of Atoms for Peace Awards,Inc., noted that all four scientists hadshared in the development of nuclearreactors. The awards were made toinclude a two-year period this timebecause all recipients have been contributors in the same field.The awards are to be presented May18 at a ceremony at the NationalAcademy of Sciences in Washington.Mr. Killian said that each presentationwould include a gold medallion symbolizing the award and $37,500.Atoms for Peace Awards, Inc., wasset up by the Ford Motor Companyas a memorial to Henry Ford and hisson Edsel in response to PresidentEisenhower's appeal at Geneva forinternational efforts to develop nuclearenergy foiv peaceful purposes.Two faculty members have beennamed Fellows of The Royal Societyof London, the oldest scientific societyin Great Britain. They are Richard H.Dalitz, professor in the department ofphysics and the Enrico Fermi Institutefor Nuclear Studies, and Michael J. S.Dewar, professor in the department ofchemistry. They are the only new Fellows now on the faculty of an Americanuniversity. Twenty-five Fellows arenamed to the Royal Society annually.Mr. Dalitz was born at Melbourne,Australia, in 1925. He received hisB.A. (Honors) and B.Sc. (Honors) andB.Sc. from Melbourne University in1944 and 1945 respectively. He received his Ph.D. from Cambridge University, England, in 1950. His academic field of special interest is thephysics of elementary particles, and heis a member of the American PhysicalSociety and a Fellow of the PhysicalSociety, London. He came to the University of Chicago in, 1956 and wasnamed professor in 1958.Mr. Dewar was born in India, the son of a member of the Indian CivilService. He was graduated from Oxford University in 1940 and receivedhis Ph.D. there in 1942. He was aphysical chemist in the fundamental research laboratories of Britain's Court-aulds Ltd. from 1945 to 1951. He isbest known for his work on the "tropo-lone Ring" structures of atoms in certain organic compounds. He came tothe University of Chicago in October,1959."The Chicago Tradition"At the winter convocation March18th, in Rockefeller Memorial Chapel,Ronald S. Crane, distinguished serviceprofessor emeritus of English, deliveredthe Convocation address, "The ChicagoTradition."Reflecting on his 27 years on theChicago faculty, Mr. Crane told thegraduates that if Oxford can be called"the home of lost causes," the University of Chicago can be called "the homeof future causes or of causes not yetwon." He claimed the University ofChicago was founded in a deliberatebreak with many of the attitudes andpractices that had hitherto been distinctive of American institutions ofhigher learning."We have never since then allowedourselves to be greatly affected bywhat has happened elsewhere; we havepreferred to believe most of the important influences have been going theother way! And we have shown a similar lack of piety toward our own particular institutions and customs. Itwould be hard to mention many ofthese that have persisted here unchanged for any great length of time."Not that all the changes have beenbrought about smoothly or with general approval; sometimes there hasbeen bitter opposition. . . . The pointis rather that, opposition or no opposition, radical innovations in educationalpolicy and practice can and do comeabout here with a frequency and speedthat is surely not paralleled in otheruniversities of our class."Mr. Crane said the University ofChicago has always taken seriously theobligation to teach what is known asthe obligation to try to find out newthings and to prepare others to findout new things. "In this we are nodifferent from all the universities ofany consequence in this country, GreatBritain, or Canada. What has beenfrom the outset and still is distinctivein our character is the relationship inwhich these two obligations stand toone another in our conception of oar-selves. "It can be said of most other greatuniversities, including Oxford arid Carn-bridge, that they tend to look uponresearch and graduate teaching assomething over and above their essen-tial task, which serves the pressingneeds of the times and adds luster totheir names, but which could be neglected without fatal injury to their roleas custodians and transmitters of already existing knowledge and culture."Almost the opposite is true of us:for all our concern with undergraduateeducation, which has seldom if everbeen more acute than it is today, itwould be hard for us to see any goodreason for our continued existence asa university if anything were to happenthat diminished seriously the relativeimportance of our graduate work orput obstacles in the way of our freepursuit of new ideas and understanding."Mr. Crane said there are severalkinds of sophistication to which universities can lay claim, "depending onthe particular category of values withrespect to which they like to think ofthemselves as superior to or less naivethan 'the other places':—The sophistication that springs froma dominant concern with manners-the sophistication of the 'genteel tradition' in America, for which a meaningful label earlier in the century-itis less meaningful today— was Ivy, League.'—The kind of sophistication foundat Oxford and Cambridge, in spite ofthe incursions of the scientists: thesophistication of universities highlyconscious of their historic function aspreservers of an ancient tradition ofhumane learning and style in a worldmore and more dominated by businessmen and technologists.—There is 'ideological' sophistication:The satisfying sense of superiority thatcomes from having attached oneself toa new system of doctrines or valuesthe truth and importance of which are' not yet generally acknowledged, and— 'Critical' sophistication, which derives from the preeminence given toscientific and scholarly inquiry."That 'critical' sophistication, towhich the University of Chicago maylay claim, takes the form of a certainpride in understanding better than mostpeople the nature and conditions ofgood inquiry in various fields and ofbeing more than ordinarily exactingjudges of how particular inquiries andarguments are conducted."To say of one of our colleaguesthat he is naive or easy-going in thesematters is to say, in effect, that heprobably doesn't belong at the University of Chicago."6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEby Reuel DenneyProfessor of Social Sciencein the CollegeThe Leisure SocietyThis article, here presented only inpart, received the McKinsey FoundationAward of $1,000 as the best article toappear in the Harvard Business Review in1959. Co-author, with David Riesman,of the Lonely Crowd, Mr. Denney is currently on leave from Chicago to teachat Wesleyan University in Middletown,Conn. We thank HBR and its artist,Mark E. Kelley, Jr., for reprint rights. We live in an "emporial society." Our economy was bornafter feudalism, in the age of mercantilism. Thus we entereda late and highly developed stage of competitive industrialcapitalism, while much of Europe remained mercantilisticand monopolistic. Now we are no longer even a capitalisticsociety in the older sense, but a mixed society in which thesuccesses of capitalism have induced an almost permanentcrisis— the crisis of the overproduction of goods accompaniedbv declining labor hours.In this phase, we (1) limit some production, (2) "engineer" purchasing power by use of welfare and other noncompetitive ideals of economic policy, and (3) struggle tochange and enlarge the shape of consumption. As a result,the society becomes a huge emporium of goods and servicesin which the major question is not how to get the fundamentals or even the luxuries produced, but how to ensureconsumption of a fully human range of goods and services.In work and plav, we mav now be moving into a phaseof critical development. Most of the world is haunted byagrarian underemployment and its consequent poverty; unwanted leisure is forced upon millions bv the systems ofproduction with which thev live. The United States, bvcontrast, has already entered a period in which the declineol work demands on millions of people has left a vacuumin their lives.In this vacuum has developed a leisure world of railroadbuffs, winetasters, Hi-Fi bugs, spelunkers, skin divers,thespians, fishermen, TV watchers, and so on. It is a fairestimate that one out of every six dollars of disposable income in the U. S. is spent for leisure and that, if the 1959economy approaches the order of $300 billion in disposableincome, our leisure outlay for the vear will be approaching$50 billion.The business executive knows a good deal about how thishappened. Outside the firm, union bargaining and legislation have had their effects on the hours worked each week;the total work years of a man's life have been subject to asimilar shrinkage through a later entrv into the work forceand in some instances earlier retirement from it. Within thefirm, the working day itself has become perforated withrest periods; vacations are longer; and there are fewer workdays in the week.May, i960 7On the other hand, management has not shared this goodfortune. Managers and proprietors today generally worka 53-hour week— the longest work week reported by theBureau of the Census. And, as Business Week reported recently, the 70-hour week is nothing strange in top management circles. The same machinery and industrial planningthat substituted mineral power sources for the labors ofmen, thus freeing some of them from the long work week,have kept the nose of the executive firmly to the grindstone.However, the longest work week in the United States isnot that of the businessman. It is the badge of several million women who are bound to a double servitude: one ormore children under school age and a full-time job. Theirwork week, not infrequently, as in the case of the charwoman who cleans the office, hits 90 hours a week regularly.When that lady is taken to the track for the day, it is abig, big occasion.WITH MASS INCOME . . .The most important influence on American leisure in thelast 25 years has been the paring-down of income extremes,both high and low. Today, American industry pays $100 aweek for semiskilled and unskilled labor, especially in blue-collar jobs. Since these majority groups have received thebig benefits from changes in income distribution in the lastgeneration, and since they also make up the shorter workweek group, they dominate the -leisure market as well asevery other market. They have boomed the market for racetracks and parimutuel tickets, gasoline, highways, and almostevery conceivable leisure service and commodity of the morepopular sort.This situation is itself complicated by the presence ofsomething more than mere "frictional" unemployment insome regions and industries, and by the fact that more thanone out of every twenty members of the American workforce is employed at two jobs. There are almost a half-million people in the United States who have more thantwo jobs.. . . MASS ENTERTAINMENTWhat is more remarkable is that if you look at leisureexpenditures in terms of family income, you find that American families up and down the scale are remarkably similar.For example: The family whose income is under $4,000 avear spends a somewhat greater percentage of its familybudget on leisure than do families in any other incomegroup. The family moving into middle-class status (between$4,000 and $7,000 a year) spends a smaller percentage ofits family budget on leisure than the poorer family. Thericher families get, the more dollars they spend on leisure—but when income is over $8,000 a year, the budget percentage spent on leisure falls off.It is the similarity, not the difference, that is most strikingin these patterns. The steady increase in all expendituresas American families go up the income ladder has the oddside effect that they all buy the same package of life andleisure wrapped up in a different style. The major visibledifference between the $4,000-a-year family and the $20,000-a-year family is that one lives a Ford life and the other livesa Cadillac life.THE ORGANIZATION FANAmerican leisure is what it is partly because of whatAmerican groups are. We have 'been a country famous forour clubs, lodges, leagues, and other voluntary associationsever since de Tocqueville called Americans the greatestjoiners in the world. Such groups have a lot to do with how we spend our leisure time over and beyond the annualevent of the lodge picnic. A certain "sopping up" of leisurecan be detected in the rapid growth of church membershipsand incomes, and club and association memberships andrevenues in the period since World War II.On the joining habits of managers, Clyde White's analysisis of interest. Managerial men spend less time than blue-and white-collar males on radio, TV, movies, and sports;they spend more of their leisure time in home duties, volunteer associations, and church work. This and other patternsof choice are established in social-class groups in adolescenceand become more marked as people grow older. Now, it isnc; news that social mobiles will center more of their leisuretime at the country club, the church, and the volunteerassociation than those who are content to stay in the lowerincome brackets. But at least two other quesions are of' interest:• How "voluntary" is the leisure activity of the aspiringexecutive?• How does the leisure of the man who is working hisway up compare with that of the man who has beenworking his way down in the income classes?Most of us would agree with David Dempsey's observation that the suburbanite's off-work time is not simonpureleisure. The suburbanite's family and other groups have theknife to his throat all the time. While some people praisethe family-centered leisure of the present, they may beoverdoing it.What about the losses? The very decentralization ofleisure, away from the city, that has been induced by thesuburb makes those who seek leisure, victims of local groupsand tastes. For example: In manv instances the performing music lover, when located in the suburbs, has to accommodate his tastes and skills to the range and level of thoseof his neighbors. Some of them do not even know the difference between a zither and samisen.The voids of leisure tend to be filled by sociability; thesociability tends to be consumed in a class package.JOYLESS GARDENINGThere are those who say that leisure should be significantto a person to the degree that his choice of this or thatleisure activity is actually his own. Rolf Meyersohn andRobin Jackson recently made a study of suburban gardeners.One reason for the study was that gardening, taken in asense which includes all care of suburban grounds, is agreat item of United States leisure expense. Moreover, it isa universal activity. At the time of my Dartmouth classtwenty-fifth reunion, in 1957, I received answers from 62%of my class on their uses of leisure. It was interesting to seethat gardening showed no unevenness of distribution invarious segments of the class. That is, if you knew that amember of my class gardened, this told you less about everyother aspect of his life than would any other leisure activity-It was just as likely to occur among the richer as among8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthe poorer, among the more mobile as among the less mobile, and so on.The results of the Jackson-Meyersohn survey, conductedunder the auspices of the Center for the Study of Leisureat the University of Chicago, can be summarized as follows:1. When asked directly if they enjoyed gardening, only16% of the respondents said "no." If identical people wereasked to list their leisure interests in totals, more than one-half failed to mention gardening at all.2. About one-half of all gardeners interviewed considered their gardens successful.3. About one-half the gardeners worked in gardens fivehours a week or less; about one-third between six and tenhours a week; and about 15% worked more than ten hoursa week.4. Avowed commitment to gardening was associated withsuccess in gardening in 62% of all cases, but avowed commitment to gardening was associated with pleasure in gardening in onlv 37% of all cases.Years ago, Thorstein Veblen suggested that people aretorn between using their leisure for the fun of it and usingit to maintain status. His particular contribution was theidea that success in a business society is best demonstratedby conspicuous waste or overexpenditure of both money andtime. The gardening study gives us one of the first X-rayphotographs that we have of Veblen's theorem at work. Success in gardening, for at least some people, is not at allt lie same as pleasure in gardening. The inference that might1 e drawn from this is either that the effort to achieve successin gardening, and thus display status, gets in the way of theinn of it; or that the fun of it can only be realized, forsome people, in the act of demonstrating status.SO CI AT A UTHORIT YIf relatively unorganized spheres of leisure time such asgardening are dominated bv compulsive behavior, howmuch more it must be so in the time killing that goes withorganizational life! We should not be surprised at theauthority of our social affiliations in deciding what ourleisure shall be. They can determine not only the games\e play but the way we play them. For instance:During the depression years, a street-corner gang inthe neighborhood of greater Boston was studied by theanthropologist, William Foote Whyte. In due time Whyte was allowed to join the tribe and to become a participantin their bowling evenings. It struck him as unusual thatthe bowlers who were the best when he bowled with themat odd hours were never the best when the whole groupgathered for one of its semiofficial competitions. The resultsof these bowling matches had a habit of corresponding, inthe rank order of scores, not with bowling ability, butwith status ranking within the gang.This was no accident. Whenever a high-status memberof the gang was in bowling trouble, the whole group helpedhim by encouraging him from the sidelines and interpretingthe rules in his favor. Whenever a lower-status memberol the gang was forging ahead, the group needled him intoerrors and interpreted the rules against him. It dawned onWhyte that these results were not merely the outcome ofthe bowling events; they were the unverbalized goal of thebowling events.EFFECTS ON THE BUSINESSORGANIZATIONIn his business role, the manager finds himself makingdecisions that affect both his own leisure and that of others.For one thing, leisure is an issue in labor policy. The useof overtime is being challenged today bv workers in Detroitwho disagree with both companies and unions on the matterof the unwanted leisure it gives to workers who are on "notime at all."Also, the four-day week is now being tested in variousparts of the country. In some locations, it seems to demonstrate a differential appeal to workers at different levels andin different groups— more appeal at higher than at lowerjob levels, more appeal to plant service-functionaries thanto rank-and-file main production corps. Interviews with thewives of blue-collar men suggest that the four-day week canbe a threat to wives who will have Joe home one more daya week than they can stand.Over and beyond this, many an executive finds himselfforming corporate policies aimed at providing leisure facilities and services to employees. Large companies often provide such services as a part of their recruitment and generallabor policies. The Diamond Alkali Company, for example,has found that the swimming pool, ball field, shooting range,and other facilities near its Houston plant have reducedabsenteeism. One of the large motor companies provides alodge for tired executives. Many corporations have built upa tradition of supplying playing fields and similar servicesnot only to their own employees but to the whole communityin which thev are situated.The logic and effectiveness of such policies vary fromsituation to situation, and the executive is certainly awarethat these activities require frequent assessment. Oftenenough, decisions have to be made on a hunch. The kindoi thinking that ought to precede the hunch is at leastsuggested by Diamond Alkali Company policy. This firmsupplies such services only on request from groups of employees; it supplies the land and material for such services.but lets the employee group complete the facility with itsown labor; it lets new types of activity, in general, provethemselves through a period of time before it subsidizesthem at all.It could be argued that personnel policies relating to thesociability and leisure of upper-level men in the companyare even more problematic. Pressure on the firm begins—at least in times of full production and employment— whenthe prospective recruit evaluates the firm with respect tothe residential, social, and cultural milieu that it is bringinghim into. No matter what the advertisements promise theyoung engineer, they are no joke. The East and the Mid-MAY, 1960 9west, for example, have been finding out that the imageand promise of a new kind of outdoor leisure life in theWest and Southwest can exert a powerful atmosphericeffect in recruitment.For example: There is the fantasy of California coveredby process-flow "plastic" plants where everything is clean,contained, smokeless, workless, and leisureful; clean-handedworkers leap straight from the plant shower into the mosaicswimming pool. On the other hand, if you call a plant a"chemical" plant, vou know that it is in smokv Bayonne,New Jersey, where the oil is on the waters and the grit ison the lawn.Back of this more popular image lies another, perhapsequally fanciful, search for the right place to live. It is thesearch conducted by the more intellectually trained. Theyseem to feel that true culture and leisure are to be foundespecially in the East as far south as Delaware— particularly'around university and research centers such as Ann Arbor,Michigan, and the University of Chicago, and also aroundbarbecue-culture areas like the peninsula south of San Francisco. No one knows vet how much companies in theseregions are benefiting bv the mild touch of high-brow eclatattached to their life and leisure.Looked at in this way, the whole strategy of plant location is affected to some degree bv such issues. To illustrate:One of the motives for a given location mav be the supplyof cheaper labor available. Movement of managerial personnel to such a site usually. has a variety of side-effects.One that is frequently noticed is a clash between the lifestyle of the incoming managers and that of the locals, gen-eiallv small business people, who are at about the sameincome level. A characteristic episode in such a clash isthe formation of the new country club, a club whose manneris more corporate and metropolitan than that of the preexisting club. But this is only one of the problems for managers generated in such relocations; others are more massive.In connection with leisure, the concept of the "companytown" mav have been sold short and sold prematurely.Doubtless its evils have been serious, if we judge only bythe continuing heartbreak at Kohler, Wisconsin, for example.On the other hand, firms building plants at locations wherenew residential communities will be built up as a resultof this site selection may understate their interest in whatgets built.It would seem worthwhile for firms to create future goodwill bv taking the time, trouble, and expense to ride herdon real estate developers who built new settlements withoutadequate recreational and educational planning. Largerfirms often enough shrink from such an attitude becausethev lean over backward as big business to keep out of thehair of small business. In some cases, this amounts to permitting their location policy to subsidize slums. Relativelysuccessful new-site towns such as Taconite, Minnesota, seemto challenge such an approach.10 The more one reflects on it, the more it appears that anyand all public locations of the company have leisure implications—and that architecture, advertising, and publicrelations overlap in this sphere. We have learned thatplants and offices which look as if they were made for wortare more satisfying in many wavs than are designs adaptedfrom pleasure palaces. Olivetti in Italy carries this to theextreme of building plant interiors in semi-penitentiarystyle. When questioned about this austerity, managementsavs that it wants workers to enjoy the contrast between aplace where work is king and their hours of freedom outside!Many an industrial location, however, must be less severebecause it is meant to serve communication and display,as well as the functions of production. The degree to whichthe latter can be effectively associated with the leisure motives of customers and visitors is demonstrated bv the glassmuseum built by Corning Class Works at Corning, NewYork. The sophistication of the planning in suggested bvthe wide range of tastes to which this permanent exhibitappeals, the emphasis on artistic, humanistic, and archivalaspects of the facility, the policy of opening the facilityto a variety of nonvitrine interests such as art exhibits, andabove all bv the canny guess that a good show like thiswould attract thousands into the once off-track southernsector of western New York State.In speaking of the "leisure" policies of the firm, onemight logically include the suggestion that companies canalmost always re-examine with profit their policies towardcharitable giving. It seems perfectly possible that largercompanies overestimated the good will generated by giftsof buildings as contrasted with less munificent gifts of services. Few are the firms which provide a scholarship for agood local actor or which donate an annual award to aconservationist who has done a good job of protecting therecreational uses of public lands.Certainly, the policy of a firm with respect to the entertainment it provides via the mass media might be made thesubject of a book in itself, if not a library. Philip Morris &Co. found that it could please millions by providing themwith Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz— but not improve cigarettesales at the same time. It has been remarked that manyfirms are singularly nonrational in their allocation of mediabudgets— thev pour millions into pleasing people who cannot afford to buy their products, or alienate key fashion-setting audiences bv the vain effort to please everyone,There are indications that marketers are consistently tinder-using the more selective channels of appeal such as FM.If such misjudgments are being made, they are fundamentally misjudgments of the leisure market.EFFECT ON THE EXECUTIVEAs the focus of the executive moves from the firm towardthe more personal decisions of his business life, he findshimself combining work, sociability, and leisure.At the border between his own economy and that of thefirm lies the quicksand of the expense account. This hasbeen so thoroughly discussed that one need only recitetersely what is known about topic: Expense account leisureis rarelv true leisure. Efforts to stretch expense accountdefinitions in order to cover plav mav result in a guilt}'conscience, even among the coolest swindlers. The guiltyconscience often has the effect of making the executivespend more on ''hookey" than even a swindled expensesheet will repay.As he crosses the boundary into his more personal economy, a business executive does carry some of his sense ofstatus with him into his leisure. There are many reflectionsof this, but surely one of the most interesting is the passionTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfor ownership of a place in the country. One motive forthis mav be a desire to shave taxes; one result of such apurchase is that the owner sometimes finds he can makea business of blueberries or some other rustic goodies.Whether a rural seat which has become a mail-orderswivel chair supplies true leisure is another big question.\Ve all know the nice insurance executive on the plane whohas the place on the lake, but says he can get there onlyabout ten days a vear. This may satisfy a deep fantasyeven if the man never visits the place. But it suggeststhat businessmen who are bright about everything elseo\erlook the advantages of a leisure life of rental ratherthan ownership. Rental of islands, boats, or any leisurecommodity is on a remarkably convenient and economicalbasis in the United States today.FROM RECREATION . . .The first considerable American discussion of leisure asa problem occurred in the first three decades of the century.At that time, the emphasis was on the concept of recreation.This meant generally:1. Physical reconditioning.2. General reconditioning for the purpose of returningmen in a refreshed condition to their normal load of heavywork.3. Activities leading to sublimation of impulses notpurged in work, or disapproved by society.The value that was often assumed as an overriding goalwas the ideal of efficiency. That still survives, perhaps, inexeuising bicycles that turn their wheels but do not move.The psychology and the regimen of this approach to leisureexpressed itself in terms of polarity between tension andrelaxation.In the years since World War II, we have seen theemphasis shift— not for everyone, but for those who arenearer the head of the fashion parade in ideas— to the concept of identification. This approval treats leisure as:1. Involving some of the psychological depths of theself.2. Involving, in a transaction, some of the psychologicaldepths of others.3. Involving steps in which the self is not so much sublimated as it is dynamically rebalanced.The value that is often assumed by this approach as anoverriding value is the ideal of empathy. It is represented¦n all of the slogans that upgrade "shared leisure." . . . TO AUTHENTICATIONThere are signs that we have already begun to develop(actually, revive) a third type of emphasis in leisure. Itis best defined, at first, in negative fashion. In contrastwith recreational leisure, it does not involve the personalities of others directly— at least, not as the main thing. Itmight be sensible to call this approach authentication. Itsethic is not that of work (as in recreation), nor that ofsocial relationships (as in identification), but of art orscience. It is the ethic that is involved when one musicalamateur discusses with another how a certain piece mightbe played; when one amateur in astronomy discusses withanother what might be expected from a given lens; whenone hunter discusses with another the habits and life eveleof an animal they both have hunted. The actual leisureactivity to which this attitude is attached is not necessarily"artistic" or "scientific" by any conventional definition, butthe attitude itself has some of these qualities.Attachment to leisure pursuits that are defined by theculture as artistic (collecting paintings) or as scientific(collecting and classifying fossils) is not necessarily a proofthat this attitude is at work. On the other hand, the attitude may be at work in attachments that our culture doesnot immediately and invariably define as artistic (cuttinga hedge) or as scientific (developing a sense for the localweather) .In any event, it should occasion no surprise that this attitude of authentication is quite often attached to scientificand artistic activities that have fascinated men for ages:breeding a plant, training a clog, painting a picture, readinga monograph.These activities gratify more than a demand for efficiencyand identification. They gratify a demand for the presenceof "open questions" in our lives. In short, it seems unlikelythat high-grade leisure will ever be far away from whatmen have always delighted to call the liberal arts. Evidenceof this trend is seen in the experiments of Walter P.Paepcke, president of the Container Corporation of America, with the "philosophical recess" for executives, at Aspen,Colorado.Many business executives are content to settle forrecreational leisure, and no one would deny them that.Others are happy to settle for identificational leisure, andwho would criticize them for that? The ones who needsome element of authentication in their leisure lives, however, mav have to make a fight for it. They may have todecide to resign from some of their clubs and associations,perhaps retaining only one charitable affiliation as a badgeof honor. They may have to conscientiously avoid leisureinterests that are known to be expensive, with the resultthat they bring together people who enjoy them for thatreason alone.Above all, they may have to exercise their ingenuity inselecting leisure interests that require getting away fromthe office people, family, and friends— in the case of theamateur astronomer, say, in order to try out a new telescope built by another amateur in some other state.EFFECTS ON GOVERNMENTThe business executive is also a citizen, and as such heobserves and sometimes has an opportunity to influencepublic policy as it touches on leisure.The public school of today is committed to keepingyoung people out of -the labor market, so that their studyand their leisure will improve them. But outdated commitments to the idea of high school as a social melting potand sphere of "life-adjustment" are producing neither trueMay, i960 nstudy nor true leisure. In adolescence, as in any other timeof life, true leisure tends to sustain itself only in polaritywith work. The adolescent who is denied meaningfulintellectual tasks is deprived as well of true leisure. It isprobable that the quality of adolescent leisure would be improved if citizens were more willing to back up principalsand school teachers who want to raise standards. Just asurban high schools in low-income areas often are underpressure to retain delinquents who ought to be in the laborcorps, "good" high schools in upper-income suburbs areforced to retain illiterate owners of cars.Some of the same reflections might be extended to areasin which the governments of the various states influenceleisure through educational, welfare, and recreationalpolicies. It is generally true that the university's receiptsfrom the entertainment market, through football, subsidizeother valuable activities for the students. Yet no one seriously denies the fact that the entertainment industry ismisplaced when it monopolizes so much of the energy ofthe university. Furthermore, no investigation of the subjectin recent years has failed to find that "big football" is asource of academic corruption. It is part of the system, as[ohn Tunis points out, by which big sport is used in theUnited States to produce fame and money— at the expenseof general recreational welfare.The snobbery that is needed to make education better inthe United States is a threat to a variety of lowbrow vetogroups. The imagination that is needed to make leisuremore interesting and productive is also a threat to the samegroups. One might imagine that the problems of education and leisure might challenge the Congress as problemsof health, welfare, and Social Security once did.One sight of constructive unrest about leisure is Congress' decision in January 1958 to establish the NationalOutdoor Recreation Resources Review Committee. Anillustration of the opposite is provided by the tragedy ofthe Federal Communications Commission. It is partly because the FCC has not been allowed to exercise appropriately snobbish powers about poor broadcasting that someof its members have been diverted into influence-peddlingactivities. The FCC troubles that would be national shamesof first proportion in Canada or in Great Britain are dealtwith here almost as a commonplace of lobbying. Yet thewhole of U. S. leisure is vulnerable to the forces of the massmedia that the FCC is supposed to be able to supervisewith intelligence and imagination.A citizen thinking about the influence of federal policyon leisure might begin by asking why no national figurein the arts or sciences has ever been appointed as an FCCcommissioner. This question alone would soon teach himthat Congress and the federal government are approachingsuch questions with all the imagination of the Chinese sageswho treat TB with powdered dinosaur eggs. We are thefirst nation to work on the theory that our leisure and ourculture have to be lowbrow because we are rich.The revolution in leisure and the leisure market has beenaccompanied by dislocation for the musicians, theater peo ple, writers, architects, and painters of the society. Musicianshave been driven out of jobs by the disc. Changes in socialpolicy toward great wealth have reduced the number andstrength of plutocratic patrons; but while the challengeof patronage has been taken up in some degree by themiddle class, it has not been taken up by government,which, dominated by rural interests, acted against the artsas industries when it embarked on its policies of hightaxation on income and inheritance.Moreover, like the fashion trades, the art trades are thehardest to protect by copyright, trade-mark, and otherdevices. This was scandalously evident in the inability ofBritish authors to collect from American press pirates inthe nineteenth century; it is still noticeable today in theinability of Americans to collect from Russian presses; andit is visible every day in the inability of designers and artists in this country and abroad to derive anything at allfrom the careful borrowing of their work that is daily practiced in the American design and advertising profession.Thus, for a variety of reasons, many musicians, entertainment technicians, writers, teachers, and journalists havebeen left in the depression part of the economy. Unemployment among musicians, declining wages among movieactors, declining movie sales of novels, and socializedpoverty among teachers is the order of the day. Whilemarketers and packagers of massive cultural services havedone well in some cases, they have cut the ground fromunder the feet of their former colleagues in most cases. Inthe period of prosperity, the cultural service trades probably have received much less of the share of the nationalincome than in the Great Depression.Much, perhaps most, of this effect is the result of thefree choice of leisure and cultural services in the marketplace by the industrial workers who have been enrichedduring the last generation. Some of it is the result of aslackness and lack of imagination in the more cultivatedmiddle class. Less than fifty per cent of all college graduates in the United States read seven or more books a year.But it would be foolish to think that all this is the resultentirely of free market behavior. It is also the result ofcultural bias and national policy.A NEW POLICYOne approach to the problem is suggested by John Kenneth Galbraith. He reminds us that the major source ofgoods— including leisure commodities— is in private industry; that our major source of services is in government. Hissuggestion is that in order to bring our consumption ofthings back into balance with our consumption of services,it is necessary to rethink the relation between private enterprise and public enterprise. In effect, he sees no reasonwhy we should get more chrome than we need because itcomes from the auto industry, and less education than weneed because it comes from the government industry.There are really only three ways of improving the situa-concluded on page 18*&-12 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEProfessor SimpsonMessages From SpaceThe following is the text of a statement prepared byProfessor John A. Simpson, regarding participation of theUniversity of Chicago in the deep space probe, Pioneer V,launched March 11, 1960.Mr. Simpson is professor in the Department of Physicsand the Enrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies at theUniversity of Chicago. He is one of the world's leadingauthorities on cosmic rays, the nuclear fragments fromouter space that bombard the earth's atmosphere. As director of the Cosmic Radiation Research Group, one of twolaboratories at the University of Chicago devoted to studiesof cosmic rays, Mr. Simpson directs a network of monitoring stations from Climax, Colorado, to Huancayo, Peru, andhas worked closely with the Geophysics Directorate of theUnited States Air Force since 1948. He was a member ofthe. 15-man special committee that planned the International Geophysical Year (which covered the period July 1,1957, to December 31, 1958.) Mr. Simpson, who receivedhis Ph.D. in physics from New York University in 1943,was appointed full professor at the University of Chicagoin 1954. Instruments designed and developed at the Universityof Chicago to measure energetic charged particles comingfrom the galaxy and the sun are included in the spacevehicle launched on March 11, 1960. The apparatus isidentical with the University's apparatus on the successfulExplorer VI satellite [and almost identical with that usedon the Pioneer II space probe of November 8, 1958.]Because of the high power radio transmitter on boardthe Pioneer V, it is likely that data will be obtained for thefirst time from distances in excess of 20 to 40 million milesfrom the earth. The trajectory of Pioneer V is such as tobring it inside the orbit of the earth and near the orbitof Venus. The unique trajectory and long range communication link for the telemetry of data make it possible toattack several problems using the charged particle instrumentation. The principal objectives are:1. To detect the generation of high energy chargedparticle radiation by processes at the sun, such asby solar flares.2. To measure the intensity of the high energy cosmicradiation coming from the galaxy and the changesin this radiation intensity arising from the influenceof the sun.3. To search for possible encounters between Pioneer Vand advancing solar streams of energetic particles, orgiant clouds of high temperature plasma and to lookfor the possible trapping of energetic particles inthese giant gaseous clouds from the sun. These experiments are connected with finding the ways bywhich the sun ejects high temperature gas and magnetic fields from its solar corona into the interplanetary medium. It is expected that the collisionof these plasmas or particle streams with the earth'smagnetic field leads to the phenomenon of geomagnetic storms and auroral displays.MAY, 1960 134. Pioneer V passed through the radiation regions surrounding the earth. Additional information on thenature of these radiation regions at this time and acomparison with the measurements made with identical instruments on Explorer VI last August andSeptember provide insight on the origin of the radiation and its distribution around the earth.These experiments are being carried out by Peter Meyerand J. A. Simpson of the University's Enrico Fermi Institutefor Nuclear Studies, and by C. Y. Fan and the engineeringstaff of the Chicago Midway Laboratories, a division of theUniversity's Laboratory for Applied Sciences.The apparatus is composed of a triple-coincidence countersystem surrounded by 5 mm of lead. The instrument is sodesigned that high energy charged particles may be measured separately from the large background of iow energyparticles. The experimental apparatus is composed of manycircuits, including information-storage circuits capable ofproviding data on both the high energy radiation and thelow energy radiation. The information is relayed by twotelemetry channels from the space probe to the earth uponcommand from the earth.Since the objectives of these experiments include the detection of particles accelerated to high energies at the timeof unusual solar events, and a search for solar particlestreams or giant plasma clouds, a temporary 24-hour watchhas been established at the Fermi Institute to receive datafrom stations over the world observing solar, and solar-related phenomena. The Institute's network of cosmic raystations extending northward from Peru continues throughthis period as part of the experiment. In case an unusualevent, such as a giant flare is detected, communicationchannels are available wherebv the earth-stations for recording telemetry signals from Pioneer V will be alerted toobtain additional data at these special times.Data from the instruments are now being received bythe Cosmic Ray Laboratory in the Enrico Fermi Institute.The signals are received by special radio-telescopes suchas the giant "dish" at Jodreli Banks, England, relayed to anoperations center— Space Technology Labs— in Los Angeles.Here the data are processed using a large electronic computer. Then the data arrive by private teletype wire at theEnrico Fermi Institute. Up to the present time the experiments are working according to plan.Pioneer V, a fully integrated space laboratory, is a 94.8-pound sphere measuring 26 inches in diameter. It waslaunched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, by a Thor-Ablerocket. In addition to the equipment outlined in detail byMr. Simpson, Pioneer V is carrying a total of instrumentsfor the following experiments:HIGH-ENERGY RADIATION COUNTERThis is a five-pound radiation device developed by theUniversity of Chicago and described by Mr. Simpson. Theequipment measures high-energy radiation, particularlyradiation hurled into space by the Sun. The package consists of six argon gas-filled cylinders ranged around a seventhcylinder. Inbound particles ionize the gas in the tiny cylinders to create an electrical blip as they penetrate one ormore cylinders— depending on their potency.TOTAL RADIATION FLUXAn ionization chamber and a Geiger-Mueller tube areused to measure the total radiation flux encountered. Thetwo-pound device includes a gas-filled ion chamber that provides particle energy information. The Geiger-Muellertube counts the number of medium energy electrons andprotons passing through. This quipment was developed bythe University of Minnesota.MICROMETEORITE COUNTERThis device, supplied by the Air Force Cambridge Research Center, measures the number and momentum ofmeteoric dust particles striking the sphere. The unit, weighing less than a pound, consists of a diaphragm about twicethe size of a playing card. It is mounted on the payloadskin and is equipped with a microphone. The noise of theimpact is translated into an electrical impulse.MAGNETOMETERA one-pound search coil magnetometer, developed bySpace Technology Laboratories, Inc., is used to determinethe strength and direction of magnetic fields in space.ASPECT INDICATORAn eight-ounce photoelectric cell called an aspect indicator, supplied by STL, triggers a specific electrical impulsewhen it "looks" directly at the sun. These "fixes" on thesun help make more meaningful information received fromthe magnetometers and radiation counters.OTHER INSTRUMENTSIn addition to the prime scientific experiments listed,Pioneer V contains a number of amplifiers, "logic" unitswhich transform various instrument sensing actions intotransmittable signals and a command compartment capableof initiating some 10 payload functions. Five tiny thermistors record temperatures, two outside and three withinthe payload.Pioneer V is equipped with a 150-watt output transmitter designed to permit communications between Earthand the sphere at vast distances. According to Mr. Simpson,"Because of the high power radio transmitter on boardPioneer V, it is likely that (scientific) data will be obtainedfor the first time from distances in excess of 20 to 40million miles from Earth."Explorer VI, which was the nation's most elaboratelyequipped research satellite at the time it was launchedlast August 7, revealed vast radiation processes in its orbitfar out in space. This material will be supplemented byPioneer II. Explorer VI, with an initial flight path carryingit about 26,000 miles from the earth, circled the earth fora month with all of its instruments sending back information. For another month there was partial transmission.Before it "died," however, according to Walter Sullivan inthe New York Times, "the satellite witnessed the sequenceof events following two eruptions on the sun, or solar fires.It detected protons ( nuclei of hydrogen atoms ) fired towardthe earth at close to the speed of light. Likewise, it apparently confirmed the existence of great electric currents thatgirdle the earth thousands of miles out in space. The existence of such ring currents was proposed a half centuryago by the magnetic studies of Carl Stoermer in Norway."Perhaps most important of all, the vehicle detected aswelling of the outer radiation belt that coincided with whatis believed to have been formation of a gigantic synchrotron,centered on the sun itself. Man-made synchrotrons are usedto accelerate particles for the smashing of atomic nuclei.The particles, such as protrons or electrons, are speeded upin their flight around a circular race track by means of alternating electric fields. Apparently the sun can do the samething."14 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWEST COAST ALUMNI FORUM POSES QUESTIONIs Politics Corporation Business!Many alumni left this debate saying it was the warmestthey had ever seen. Participants: Arnold Maremont, Chicago executive, member of U. of C. Citizens' Board; JohnDespol, general vice president, California Labor Federation,AFL-CIO; Hoyt P. Steele, manager, Government RelationsService for General Electric; Paul Jacobs, staff writer forThe Reporter and London Economist. Attending were BayArea alumni of 17 colleges; proceeds from the program willhelp to send two students to college, one to U. of C, theother to any school of his choice. Here are some programhighlights:MR. MAREMONTThose who argue that business has got to get into politicsto offset union labor Eire inviting a serious struggle thatmay dissipate business's energies and eventually result ineven more regulations. Periods of the greatest corporateinfluence and action in politics have always been followedby periods of ever greater regulation. The claim that business has to get into politics to offset and counteract thepower and influence of labor is a specious argument whosetransparency should be evident to all. It is a 'scare' argument.Labor is effective as a political action group when itsupports and advocates programs which have wide generalsupport outside of labor, and which are in the public interest—such as Social Security, public housing, a decentminimum wage, adequate education and recreation. I havemade some study of this. We find that labor wins whenit is in step with the general desire for progress, and loseson other occasions. For example, labor won an increasein the minimum wage, which was in the public interest,but it didn't get all that it asked for. It succeeded in defeating five out of six of the so-called 'right-to-work' lawsin public referendums of 1958, but only because it succeeded in arousing other segments of the voting populationagainst the manifest unfairness of the legislation. (Thestates where right-to-work was defeated were California,Colorado, Ohio, Idaho, and Washington).The facts actually are that labor has not won a majorpolitical battle which involved solely labor's interests in along time. It fought the Taft-Hartley act and lost. Lastyear, it fought the revised Landrum-Griffm bill, and lost. Itfought for aid to distressed industrial areas, and lost. Ithas lost one fight after another to liberalize the Senate rulesand get rid of the filibuster. It has lost one Civil Rightsbattle after another. Labor fought for the inauguration ofa public works program to ease the recession of the 1957-58 period, and lost. It fought the dividend tax credits in 1954and lost. It has fought for Federal Aid to Education, and lost.It fought the non-Communist oath for labor union leaders,and lost. It fought Senator Goldwater in Arizona in 1958—and lost.Many more such instances could be given. A recent studyconducted by Professor William H. Form of Michigan StateUniversity shows that labor only musters some influencein the areas where it can give financial support— such asthe community chest, the board of education, and in theDemocratic Party. But its representation on public commissions, boards, and in municipal offices or state offices isabsurdly low compared with labor's membership.In some instances, such as aid to education, even broadpublic support has not been sufficient to obtain enactmentof legislation.The corporation, being a legal entity and not a humanentity is ill suited to provide education in the broad publicinterest, free of political colorations and free of managementopinion.Corporations through their trade and business associations are sometimes ineffective because they do not carrybroad public support on the issues they are for.It is my strong feeling that corporations ought to supportnon-partisan political groups such as the American HeritageFoundations and other similar groups, instead of creatingcompany classes and political action programs. Such acourse would not subject employees to management ideologywhich may be unintentional, but, like atmospheric pressure15 pounds to the square inch,- exist whether these pressuresare with or without such intention.MR. DESPOL FOR LABOREvery year men of narrow interests— who fought socialprogress down through the years— repeat: "We are spendingtoo much on education, on housing and social security. Wecannot raise living standards. We are devoting too muchmoney to national defense and foreign aid— because wemust have a balanced budget."Yet the challenge we face requires that we do all thesethings at the same time. Union objectives in political actionare fairly well defined— by both membership and leadershipparticipation in adopting policy resolutions. The questionsI raise are will corporation leaders now urge the politicalactivists that they are about to train to join with labor andsupport the passage of national federal civil rights legislation, including a national fair practice legislation? Will theyeducate and use their activists to support and be pledgedMAY, I960 15to a more adequate educational system? Including higherpaid teachers and federal aid to education?These questions and others like them arise when theleaders of any institution urge their personnel or membersto be active in partisan politics in our two-party system.Now, being active in politics is like courting a girl or dying.You've got to do it yourself. Because they have reliedprimarily on educating volunteer political activists, unionshave, of necessity, adopted policies dealing with proposedanswers to these and other political questions that I raise.Corporations which in the past have primarily relied onmoney and paid political professionals, now seem to wishto educate and activate their managerial personnel inAmerican politics. This can only be considered a worthycause if the policy questions are debated and policiesadopted which propose constructive solutions to the publicquestions which require answers if we are to maintain ourpolitical freedom.In conclusion, I will briefly mention one eternal dangerto our political freedom. I refer to the hardening of attitudesin America to some of our recent current issues and will usethe labor-management conflict to illustrate them. More andmore management people are claiming publicly: we must putlabor in its place, unions have so much more; the topunionists are becoming more and more untouchable on theproblems of management. We agree that an atmospherein which everybody understands the economic denominator of human survival in a free society might be different.Free labor and free management do not adopt policiesbased on offensive factors. Yet year after year, the NAMpersists in pounding away at American institutions. Itdwells on the class struggle, in the old-fashioned sense of theterm, more vigorously than any other group. If the AFL-CIO responded in kind, I think you would have a disastrousstate of affairs. It is a perverse Puritan prejudice to thinkthat the social advances of this century will destroy ourcharacter; nor do I think that those who attempt to repealthose social advances can be successful without tearingthis country apart.We simply can't have a whole series of major show-downsbetween management and labor in the 1960's and achievea sense of national unity that we need. It requires a specialkind of leadership to get people working together becausethey share common hopes and sacrificing because theyshare common aspirations. They'll get together becausethey share common dreams and a common faith in politicalfreedom and in the democratic processes it sells. This isthe great internal challenge; it is a challenge agreed thatdynamic democratic forces of freedom must oppose communism not just negatively, but by positive achievements.S!peaking for myself, I have unlimited faith in the capacityof free men, of free organizations in corporate and unionform to meet those challenges in years ahead.MR. STEELE FOR G.E.The objective of the work of the small Government Relations Department in General Electric is to encourage aninterest in and understanding of legislative issues on thepart of the decentralized managers of General Electricdepartments (spread across the country) and to aid themin their evaluation of the impact of such legislation on theirown operations. Our work is concerned pretty generallywith applied research to identify and analyze broad issuesand the narrower manifestation of the issues representedby legislative bills and legislative actions and the development of objective communications on these issues. Our concern is not only with the substance of the issues but also with the politics of the issues which are, more often than notthe compelling factors in the legislative results.'We hope to provide enough encouragement and enoughinterest so that managers will be willing to do their ownhomework, their own evaluation, produce their own spokes-manship. We hope also that they will come to have someother basis on which to judge their representation exceptby their charming personalities and their campaign oratory!For example, and only a small example, public worksappropriations are a traditional and significant part of ourpolitical system. In most of these public works the narrowest kind of local special interests are the promoters. Furthermore, the back scratching by elected representatives isterrific. The something-for-everyone aspects give to publicworks legislation an appropriate claim to the title— PorkBarrel. There is an appreciable amount of money in thisbarrel too. In fiscal 1960 some 2/4 billion dollars. And yetbusinessmen who will scream at excessive Federal spendingin general either know nothing of these public works orheartily endorse them if they produce some home townbenefit.It will be some measure of a little success when the daycomes when businessmen realize what is being proposedin the way of legislation to benefit their own communitiesand when they question whether it's worth the over-all costand know how their representatives vote.If we really believe that our past industrial achievementswere fostered by the private competitive enterprise system,belief in the importance of individual initiative, and thefree market concept, then we must be sure:1. we understand the basic principles of this economicsystem2. to be willing to defend these principles against erosion^ 3. to be especially careful that we do not rationalizethese principles when we can spot a short-range special benefit.In our work at G.E. is nothing secret or subversive. Thisis not lobbying in the sense of buttonholing legislators inCapitol corridors, or entertaining them at Diamond Jim Bradydinners. We have little use for this kind of activity. Whatever one might think of its legitimacy, we think it may belike trying to induce a legislator to do something or votesome way which his constituents don't want him to. Ourcommunications, rather, are addressed more to voters thanto legislators, because we are convinced that a democracysucceeds only to the extent that what seems right, or in thepublic interest, is also popular.Our reliance, then, is not on skillful lobbyists in Washington and the state capitals, but on the conviction that soundgovernment will flow almost automatically from an informed, articulate electorate. Our job, as we see it, is oneof trying to develop interest in political and public affairs,and then of trying to get this translated into legislative andgovernment action which reflects this greater understanding.As to political education for individuals, in spite of allthe publicity, I do not think this should be considered anend in itself. The most that a company should be doingin this area is to provide through education and exposure, astripping away of some of the mystery which seems tosurround political institutions and political parties so thatthose employees who have the interest and the ability andthe energy to involve themselves in partisan politics, beyondthe mere effort of registering and voting, will feel initiallyself-confident enough to go ahead and work. If he does goto work in partisan politics, he does so as a citizen— not asa manager or employee.The important principles that need to be regarded hereare:16 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1 . not only lip service to the doctrine of his own freechoice both as to party and as to whether he does itor not2. a scrupulous regard for moral and legal restrictionsagainst use of corporate resources (time, moneyfacility)3. development of the need for "Indians" as opposed to"chiefs" in political worki. clear policy with respect to these principles and thefact that this kind of citizenship is encouraged ratherthan opposed,"). the clear understanding that there is no Companydirection of employee efforts (example of a GeneralElectric employee on a Western council).MR. JACOBS SUMMARIZESI think that the framework for this discussion tonight isactually an attempt on the part of the participants and theaudience to explore the role of private government in oursociety today. What we are dealing with here are theprivate government of the corporation and the privategovernment of the trade union. One might have addedother private governments as well, e.g. one could haveadded, I suppose, the private government of the church.There has been expressed here a fundamental, rather deepsplit in the philosophy of how these private governmentsought to operate. On the one hand Mr. Maremont's position, which is a very clear and articulate one, is that theprivate government of both unions and corporations oughtto have as little to do as private government with thepublic government as is possible. This position of Mr.Maremont is taken in spite of the fact that the tendencyhas been more and more to have private government moredirectly involved within the public sphere.On the other side, the General Electric Corporation,through its very able spokesman, Mr. Steele, feels that thecorporation has a responsibility to participate in politics.This is a distinction in Mr. Steele's mind between practicalpolitics, meaning day-to-day politics, and what he describedas civics, which I would take to mean the teaching of civicvirtue. This description is not unique to the General Electric Corporation nor to any other corporation as it is in factalso a distinction made bv most of the trade unions whichalso distinguish between practical politics and civic virtuein the way which thev participate as a private government in the political sphere. The problem of whether corporations should be in politics and whether unions should bein politics— on this question both Mr. Despol and Mr. Steeleare in agreement. Whatever quarrel exists between them ison whether this political activity ought to be limited tospecific questions of self interest or whether the union andthe corporation ought to take positions on questions withwhich they have no direct concern, and I think it becameclear in the course of the discussion that there was thisdifference: the corporations generally believe in restrictingtheir activities to areas which somehow directly or indirectlyeffect their self interest; while unions tend to operate on asomewhat broader and more general level.I would suggest that from the discussion, it became fairlyclear that both Mr. Steele and Mr. Despol are caught in adilemma, in a kind of unanticipated consequence of theiractions. The dilemma is to try to resolve the proper roleof the institutions which they represent in their politicalsphere and then to solve the problem within the institutionof who is to make the decision and how is the decision tobe made and finally the dilemma of the relationship of thecorporation to its stockholders and of the union to its members insofar as these political decisions are made.Finally, I would like to suggest that the entire discussionis the reflection of the fact that we are living in a farmore complex world today than that which existed duringthe days of the New England town meeting and that thoseinstruments of the democratic process which seemed towork fairly successfully during that period are not workingas successfully now. In our democracy, there is the theorythat our society will operate somehow through countervailing forces operating on each other union politicalpower balancing off corporate political power. It wouldseem that this theory of pluralism is facing a very severetest at the moment.Finally, I would like to suggest that, whatever happensin this dilemma that we are facing, the real strength of thesociety and the real ability to survive as a society is in howit conducts its dialogue. You have seen an example of thedialogue here tonight and I would like to suggest that inspite of spokesmanship and sloganmanship, there weremany, many more channels of truth expressed. Now thetask before you is to take home some of these thoughts and,sitting in the quiet of your room, suck your thumb. Andwhile you suck your thumb, meditate upon those partsof the dialogue which held — for me, at least — a greatdeal of truth.PARTICIPANTS: ARNOLDH. MAREMONT, LOGANWILSON (MODERATOR),JOHN A. DESPOL ANDHOYT P. STEELE.MAY, 1960 17continued from page 12tion, and they cannot all be applied with equal force atthe same time:1. Restore the old class-income system, so that the doctor's income is so much larger than that of an industrial worker's that he can afford a couple of servantson a full-time basis.2. Rebalance the relation between the leisure and thenonleisure industries by selective subsidy of theleisure industries.3. Remove from leisure and cultural industries the disadvantages they suffer in economic and legal policy,in comparison with other industries— i.e., create atruly free market.Since no one is going to reinstitute the old class- incomesystem, let us consider the second policy. If productivityis the basic way to beat inflationary processes, then higherproductivity of better leisure services should be counter-inflationary at best and, at the worst, noninflationary. Toillustrate, let us consider the use of TV in relation to theuse of cars:These are two of the major uses of leisure in this countryand they compete with each other. The demand for cars,fuel, and highways constitutes one of the largest inflationary demands in the U. S. today. The price system, whichmakes an hour at TV less expensive than an hour's drivein the car, does a great deal to keep pressure off the useand the price of cars, fuel, and highways. Yet the TVhour can in some instances be more enriching to the individual than an hour's aimless stepping on the gas.1% the same way we can look at the relationship betweenan hour at TV and an hour of reading. The nearer we getto forms of leisure that are personalized and symbolic,rather than mass-organized and equipment-loaded, the lessthe threat of leisure would appear to be on the inflationaryside. Even very large expenditures by government directedtoward increasing the market for higher-grade leisure mightbe self-balancing for the economy as a whole by divertingdemand away from inflationary commodities such as automobiles.Since the above policy is unlikely to be followed, exceptin bits and pieces that are parts of the demands of suchlobbying groups as the farm bloc (which draws millionsof dollars to teach farm girls to make dresses in their sparetime) , let us look at the third alternative— a true free market as the background for cultural and leisure service sales.To achieve this freer market and a freer social world ofleisure we should attempt to carry out these measures:• Lower tariffs so that leisure goods like cameras, art works,musical instruments, and so forth can come into this country attheir market prices.• Take subsidies away from the agricultural and miningindustries if we cannot give them to leisure and culturalindustries.• Drop all excise and luxury taxes on such articles as camerasand TV sets, since there are none on automobiles except in afew states.• Drop the discrimination against the musician, the artist,and the foreign language expert who is kept out of publicschool teaching by the education gang that controls certification.• Stop using educational bribes to get people into engineeringschools rather than music schools.• Stop state legislatures from using public money to noseinto the private entertainment market by supporting covertprofessional football teams on college campuses. • Improve the flow of the real estate information and theethics of real estate marketing so that a reader of an ad cantell what kind of recreational and educational services he isbuying when he buys a house in this or that development.• Ask Congress to stop harrying the munificence of privatewealth when it adds public information or artistic and leisuregrants and services to the time-honored philanthropies of healthand basic welfare.• Look into the local leisure monopolies of irresponsible broadcasters.• Stop handing away national recreational reserves in U. S.parks and forests to special economic interests.• Get our passport policies straightened out so we can travelwherever we want.• Settle for a freer market, a freer social world of leisure.Such a general discussion of the attitudes that might betaken toward future leisure development tells us what couldhappen, but not what will happen. Here, then, are somepredictions of things to come in the world of leisure andin the world so strongly influenced by leisure in all its convolutions :1. In the work pattern of the manager, a continued trendtoward informal approaches to decision making. Some specifics:The decline of the army, the railroad, and the church as organizational models. An increase in the number of decisions thatare made at meetings held neither at the office nor at thecountry club, but away from both these scenes of pressure-maybe at the nearest doughnut shop. A decline of in-officehours and of office routines.2. In the work pattern of the white- and blue-collar personnel, increasing pressure for a more flexible policy will show up, in suchforms as: Increase in management's sensitivity to the timingand distribution of layoffs. Labor's becoming more sophisticatedin trading higher productivity rates and slimmer labor costs forvariations in the annual, monthly, weekly, and even dailyscheduling of work. Increasing cases of four-hour work days,especially in connection with the work of women. Furtherapplication of piece-rate bonus systems to smaller, more decentralized, less supervised work teams. Increasing crisis and changein the family, social, and recreational patterns of white- andblue-collar workers as a result of the less routinized calendar.3. In the mass economy of leisure, an increase in the share ofthe gross national product used to subsidize leisure is foreseen.Some possible means of subsidy include: Public and privatesupport for recreation, with payment of premiums to people whoare willing to shift from one form of leisure to another. Payments of a leisure wage to people so as to keep them from thework force, or to encourage their leisure mobility from one formto another.4. In the social and sociable uses of leisure by masses of people,a rapid imitation of certain upper-industrial patterns is probable.For example, when some industrial workers get a two months'vacation, they may use it as some better-off college studentsdo now— that is, by donating their skills and labor to a medicalmission, a Quaker work camp, or perhaps to a campaign againstilliteracy in an under-developed country.5. In national resource policies, increasing anxiety about leisurethat draws heavily upon geographical privacy, land, fauna, rareresources, and rare components is apparent. A steeply increasingcost will put a brake on this process at the expense of democratic equalities in access to leisure.But even increasing prices will not protect basic resources.Both to slow down this process and to ameliorate it, it may benecessary to think in leisure patterns that constitute less of adirect drain on things. Aesthetic and symbolic uses of leisure,employing surrogates for things, rather than things in themselves, are indicated.6. In the industrial organization of leisure, continued changeand crisis will occur in such problems as the legal status ofsports monopolies, the ethos of professionalism and amateurism,and government's role in arbitrating these problems.18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEPerrin Lowrey, AM'48, PhD'56, assistant professor of humanities, advisor to College students and past directorof the Fine Arts Project at Downtown College, specializes in British and American literature and criticism. A facultymember of the 1960 Festival of the Arts committee, he here meets with students in the Lexington studio.Teachers and their Students . . .. . . the pleasure of discovery sharedIn Humanities II in the interpretation of literary texts, the whole aim isto get the students thinking for themselves and asking the right questionsabout the text in hand. We don't try to tell them how to read the text,but provide an environment in which students can read a text carefullyand learn through discussion among themselves and with the instructorwhat sorts of questions are appropriate for any literary form. ... I havea feeling that these students and faculty enjoy a kind of informal giveand take— free and open inquiry and constant cross-pollenization between disciplines . . . But, maybe the most important thing about theskills learned in the humanities is that one keeps on using them everyday for the rest of his life, no matter what he does. In many otherdisciplines after a course is finished the ability to handle specificmaterials from the course decays . . . One of the great rewards ofteaching is watching students after their four years as undergraduatesperforming in ways that make you know they learned a lot more thanjust facts— that they learned how to think rigorously and imaginativelyabout a tremendous range of problems. Another is when graduationcomes and I look at particular students and know that they are welltrained— well equipped now with the best elements of a tradition ofwestern civilization. PERRIN LOWREY19VIAY, 1960srKenneth Rehage, AM'35, PhD'48, professor of education and college advisor,is here conferring with two of his graduate students on their research projects.Soon after this conference, Mr. Rehage left for two months in Pakistan wherehe is an education consultant to the government.The relationship between a graduate studentand his major professor is different for eachpair of personalities involved. The benefitsto the student, as well as to the professor,vary depending upon the "match." One generally starts by leading the student (or trying to lead him) into a research path, but onetries to remain alert for the time when thestudent is ready to become independent—sometimes a push, other times a pull, is required. Under ideal conditions first thestudent is the professor's audience (hopefully,an ever increasingly critical one) and laterthe professor becomes the audience and critic.It should be pointed out, however, that thereare as many "ideal conditions" as there arepairs of people involved. . . . Students in plantphysiology today can look forward to beingpart of a rapidly changing and growing areaof biology. This brings the kind of intellectualexcitement that we hope our students canenjoy and contribute to after they leave here.LAWRENCE BOGORAD I think that our relatively small studentbody in relation to the faculty availableis unique. This is one of the first thingsthat foreign visitors commant on whenthey come to the University. The lack offormality in these relationships also appeals to them. . . . We are hopeful thatthe people who chose the field of education will view it as a real challenge, bothto their scholarship and also in the understanding of the elementary and secondaryschool child. Education does and oughtto make a difference in our society. Wewant people here who are trying to effectsuch a difference. By balancing scholarship and teaching skills we can anticipatestimulating developments.KENNETH REHAGELawrence Bogorad, (left) '42 PhD'49, associate professor in the botanydepartment, is another travelling teacher. At the end of the spring quarterhe will leave for Australia to do research on a Fullbright grant. He iscurrently involved in research on how chlorophyll is formed.20 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEHenry Taube, professor in the chemistry department, has received many academic honorsincluding appointment to the National Academy of Sciences. He is head of one of the American Chemical Society's largest national units, the Division of Inorganic Chemistry, and hasreceived the American Chemical Society award for nuclear applications in chemistry for hisresearch in radioactive and stable isotopes.It is a stimulating and rewarding experience to work closely with brightyoung people who are taking their first steps in independent work. Thisis all the more true because the steps are being taken on problems whichare often of particular interest to me. The pleasure in each discoverythat is made can be shared with at least one other person who appreciates the problem fully and who can take equal satisfaction from theresults. Many of the difficulties also come up for mutual discussion, andit is often in the give and take of such discussion that the solution isfound. Work in such circumstances is certainly fun for the sponsor— andone hopes that the student, after he has put the work behind him canalso look back with pleasure to this period in his career . . . Just theordinary daily contacts with a group of such gifted, highly individualpersons is a lively source of pleasure. Graduate students are at a timeof life when they are learning fast in all areas. It is also a time of lifewhen lasting friendships are formed, and these sometimes include theteacher. Whether or not a personal friendship is formed, a feeling ofkinship in scientific pursuits develops . . . Perhaps the greatest satisfaction to the teacher comes when students go on to distinguished careersin their field, and give evidence of having learned better than theywere taught.HENRY TAUBE PHOTOS:ARCHIE LIEBERMANMAY, 1960 21POOKS toyF=v*sOLJL-rr^rand >XL-LJrvxirv4lMax Weber, an Intellectual Portrait. ByRHEINHARD BENDIX. Garden City,New York: Doubleday and Company Inc.,1960. Pp. 480. $5.75.A book like this was bound to be written sooner or later. Max Weber, as theblurb of this volume says, "is now recognized as one of the great minds of thetwentieth century." Also he is one of themost complex and difficult writers. He has,moreover, devoted much of his work to adiscussion of two of the most crucial andpopular problems of our day: the relationbetween religion and economic progressand the nature of political power and itsuse. Hence it was inevitable that Weber'swork should become widely used in socialscience courses, and as translations of hismain writings gradually become available,more and more of them are assigned asrequired reading. But because of the difficulties of the texts and the many obscurities in them, students and often alsoteachers have longed for a commentaryor an abbreviated paraphrase of Weber'sworks. This wish is fulfilled in the presentbook. No more need the poor studentsstruggle with Weber's original writings;they now can go through the "people'sWeber" as served up in a mild and pleasant sauce by Mr. Bendix.Bendix has done, on the whole, a goodjob of "digesting" Weber's writings. Hehas paid no attention to Weber's work onmethod— which has received too muchemphasis by his disciples and commentators—and has stressed his empirical work,some which had been badly neglected.He has concentrated on the two mostpopular and, in some ways, most original.contributions of Weber: his sociology ofreligion and his political sociology. Yetit must be regretted that he omitted consideration of Weber's work on economichistory and, above all, on German politicsunder Wilhelm II. Weber had some verychallenging views on ancient society andthe causes of its decline; and he also wrotesome excellent analyses of the politicalproblems of the Germany of his day. Yetthere is much more space devoted in thisbook to a discussion of Brahmin or Confucian orthodoxy than to the ancient slavesociety or the political alternatives in Germany at a time when that country playeda key role in Europe and the world.One may, of course, argue that a choicehad to be made, and that Bendix has, onthe whole, chosen wisely. I would notwish to quarrel with this. I merely registermy regret that some parts of Weber'sthought which appear to me importantand valuable had to be left out. Mychagrin is the greater, because I think thatWeber's interpretation of western socioeconomic history and of German politicsare more "accurate" than much of his work on India and China.The book's subtitle "an intellectual portrait," gives a clear description of its contents. Weber's breadth of thought— unburdened of obscurities and overly complexconstructions,— his erudition (even a fewof his mistakes in dates and facts), hisfacility for classification and categorization are presented. Weber's method,though not his methodology, appears onmany pages of the book. There is, however, one point in which this book deviatesfrom Weber's original work, and that is itsorganization. Though towards the end ofhis life Weber attempted to present thebody of his ideas in systematic form, hedid not live to accomplish this task andthe book which is generally designed ascontaining his most systematically expounded theory, Wirtschaft und Gesell-schaft, is really a posthumous collectionof some more or less interdependentessays. Bendix has taken all of Weber'spublished work and pressed it into asystematic framework, so that scatteredideas of Weber, encountered in variousplaces, have been brought together in anintegrated whole. In this point Bendix'sstudy is not a compilation of someoneelse's ideas, but an exposition of the structural elements of the analysis of society,its patterns of values and beliefs and itspatterns of domination, which Webernever explicitly accomplished. This aspectof the work constitutes an independentand novel addition to Weber's work.But apart from this, anyone who hasread Weber surely must feel that, in spiteof the faithful paraphrase— indeed the empathy for Weber's thought which Bendixappears to have developed— something ismissing. I am expressing perhaps a nostalgic perfectionism. Bendix's book is afaithful "translation" of the original— notin exposition but in spirit— but it is atranslation. Like Marx, Weber apparentlydoes not take easily to popularization orparaphrasing ad usum Delphini. The richness, the complexity of thought, even thesometimes maddening obscurities are lost.Reading Bendix is like reading a good butnot extraordinary book in sociology, reading Weber is an intellectual experience.This experience students are less likelyto have now that this book is available,though— as I said earlier— it was bound tobe written sooner or later. And we mayrejoice that Bendix, rather than someonemuch less imbued with Weber's spirit, haswritten it. But now it will be so muchmore convenient to assign the thirty oddpages of Chapter III in this book, than themore than 120 pages of Weber's ProtestantEthnic. And though the reader of this onechapter may learn more systematic sociology, he will miss an exciting excursioninto new intellectual territory.But perhaps my prophetic gift is poor-and the overall impact of this book willlead more people to more of Weber's workthan would have happened without it, anoutcome which surely was intended byBendix. If this were to occur, we wouldhave before us one of the most worthwhilecontributions to social thought which hasbeen published for a long time.BERT F. HOSELITZProfessor, Social Sciences L A. REHNQU1ST CO SidewalksFactory FloorsMachineFoundationsConcrete BreakingNOrmal 7-0433We operate our own dry cleaning plantTHREE HOUR SERVICE1331 East 57th St.Ml dway 3-06021553 E. Hyde Park Blvd. FAirfax 4-57595319 Hyde Park Blvd.NO rmal 7-9858GEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street KEdzie 3-3186MODEL CAMERA SHOPLeica -Bolex - Rolleiflex - Polaroid1342 E. 55th St. HYde Park 3-9259NSA Discounts24-hour Kodachrome DevelopingHO Trains and Model SuppliesooksFine book printing is one of theimportant and prominent parts ofour production. For many years wehave served publishers and assistedprivate presses in the printing ofScientific & Historical WorksBooks on Literature & LanguageManuals & Technical BooksEducational & Juvenile BooksDictionaries & EncyclopediasBibles & Religious WorksMaps • Charts • DirectoriesPhoto press¦¦IJJII««IJ!I.II1IJ-UCongress Expressway at Gardner RoadBROADVIEW, ILL COIumbus 1-142022 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEQass News02-24W. J. McDowell, '02, lives in HighlandPark, 111. All of his children are married;he has eight grandchildren and 4 greatgrandchildren, one of whom lives in Eagle,Alaska. Mr. McDowell, a widower, remarried in 1959. His classmate, RalphMerriam, '02, lives in nearby Evanston, 111.James Sheldon Riley, '05, was recentlyhonored with a reception given by hischildren on the occasion of his 80th birthday. Two hundred guests and three generations passed down the receiving line. ThePasadena Star-News reported the event as"heartwarming" and carried two three-column pictures of the festivities. TheRileys live in Arcadia, Calif.Mabel Claire Stark, '10, SM'20, has retired and is enjoying her home in Carmel,Calif. She spent five years as an assistantin the department of geography at theIllinois State Normal University, was headof the department of geography at Northern Illinois State Normal College andState Normal in Salem, Mass., and taughtfor 20 years at the High School of Commerce in San Francisco, Calif.Gillie Larew, AM'll, PhD'16, is deanemeritus and professor emeritus of mathematics at Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Lynchburg, Va.Hargrave A. Long, '11, of Evanston, 111.,retired from the practice of law in August.A. Boyd Pixley, '12, of La Jolla, Calif.,retired in 1948 but is still active on theboards of the La Jolla Civic Orchestra, theSan Diego Symphony Orchestra Assn., theMusical Arts Society of La Jolla, and theArt Center^ there. Besides these activities,Mr. Pixley is the song leader of the RotaryClub of La Jolla.Samuel D. Schwartz, '12, AM' 13, rabbiemeritus of the Oak Park Temple in OakPark, 111., recently celebrated his fiftiethyear in the ministry and was made anhonorary life member of the Central Conference of American Rabbis. Mr. Schwartzrecently published his autobiography, TellThy Children. The book is dedicated tohis five grandchildren. His daughter isRuth Schwartz Panter, AM'47, of OakPark, 111.Mildred Peabody Chapman, '14, lives inVista, Calif., where her husband, Leonard, is a physician and surgeon. Mrs. Chapmanwrites: "Besides housewife duties, I'm anartist exhibiting my oil paintings, a teacherof private pupils in the Mensendieok System of Functional Exercises, and a singerin the choral group of the Vista Woman'sClub. I'm a member of the Vista Woman'sClub, the Vista Art Guild, and the SanDiego Art Institute. I also take active partin a religious group to which my husbandand I belong. We also have a cat thatclaims lots of attention."Charles P. Dake, '17, lives in GarrettPark, Md.Harry A. Cunningham, AM'20, professorof biology at Kent State University inOhio, has been awarded the 19th ScienceEducation Recognition Award for his outstanding contributions to science education. The award has been made by theNational Assn. for Research in ScienceEducation. Mr. Cunningham was head ofthe department of biology at Kent from1927 until 1959, when he relinquished thepost to devote full time to classroom teaching. He is a fellow in the American Assn.for the Advancement of Science and alsoa fellow in the Ohio Academy of Science.L. Ertel Stonebraker, '20, of Sioux City,Iowa, a retired teacher, served as presidentof the State of Iowa's Button Society during 1956 and 1957. Miss Stonebraker'shobby is collecting antique buttons andglassware.Erma Cushing Wright, '20, teaches second grade at the Moon School in Muskegon, Mich. Her husband teaches chemistryat Union College in Barbourville, Ky.Doris Martin Leonard, '21, and her husband, Arthur, have sold their StonebridgeFarms and Stonebridge Paper Corp. inWilmington, 111., and moved to PalmBeach, Fla. They still have their EasternPoint, Gloucester, Mass., home where theyspend the summers. iJohn Gunther, '22, author and foreigncorrespondent, has given the manuscriptsof his widely read "Inside" books as wellas others of his works to the University ofChicago. The papers include records ofinterviews with crowned heads, statesmenand politicians all over the world for thepast 30 years, ranging from Pres. Eisenhower to the Emperor of Japan, from LeonTrotsky to Dr. Albert Schweitzer, andincluding dozens of other leaders who havehelped make history in the past decades.The manuscripts will be freely availableto scholars on request. Mr. Gunther received his first journalistic experience as literary editor of The Maroon. Soon aftergraduation, he began work as a foreigncorrespondent for the Chicago Daily News.In 1936, he published the results of hisearly years of European reporting in thefirst of his "Inside" books, Inside Europe,which had considerable influence in awakening people in the U. S. and GreatBritain to the imminent threat of war.For more than 20 years, Mr. Gunther continued writing similar books— Inside Asia(1939), Inside Latin America (1941), Inside U. S. A. (1947), Inside Africa (1955and most recently Inside Russia Today(1958). Between writing these books, Mr.Gunther occupied himself with a numberof other studies. One of his best knownnon-political literary efforts was Death BeNot Proud, which gave a poignant accountof the death of his only son. Mr. Gunthernow lives in New York City.Walker Kennedy, '23, who has been inthe sales division of the U. S. Steel Corp.in Utah and in Los Angeles, has returnedto Salt Lake City, Utah, to become president of the Liberty Fuel Co. Mr. Kennedyis also a director of the Zion National Bankin Salt Lake City, which is constructing a16-story building across from the HotelUtah.Alma Helen Prucha, '23, a teacher atBay View High School in Milwaukee, Wise,for 32 years, was married to Dr. Elston L.Belknap, head of the department of environmental medicine at Marquette University of Milwaukee and medical directorof Globe Union, Inc., on December 28.Mrs. Belknap was active in teacher organizations before her marriage; she was vice-president of the Milwaukee Teachers' Assn.for several years, and was a committeeworker in the Wisconsin Education Assn.Louise Hulley Turner, '23, is a housewife in Chicago.Paul L. Whitely, AM'23, PhD'27, retiredfrom Franklin and Marshall College inLancaster, Pa., last June, and is presentlyserving as chairman of the department ofpsychology at Earlham College in Richmond, Va.Agnes L. Adams, '24, has been directorof student teaching at the National Collegeof Education in Evanston, 111., since 1952.In 1954-55, she was a member of a twelve-man American education team doing workin teacher education in Korea underUNRRA. Last June, she was one of theIllinois Education Assn. representatives ata conference in Kansas University.Harold A. Anderson, '24, AM'26, asso-MAY, 1960 23Hong Kong, New Delhi, Calcutta, Beirut,Istanbul, Paris and London.Mr. Gunther '22date professor of education and executiveofficer of the U of C Pakistan EducationProject, spent January and February inPakistan conferring with Pakistan's educators and the American personnel associatedwith the University project there. TheU of C is working with the government ofPakistan in a nation-wide school improvement program under a grant from the FordFoundation. On his round-the-world trip,Mr. Anderson stopped at Honolulu, Tokyo, 27-33Oscar M. Helmer, PhD'27, has been appointed to the post of research advisor forEli Lilly and Co. in recognition of his outstanding scientific contributions. He is director of the chemistry laboratory at theLilly Clinic in the Marion County CeneralHospital in Indianapolis, Ind. An authorityin the field of hypertension, Mr. Helmerhas made important scientific contributionsin hematology and gastroenterology. Hewas largely responsible 'for the discovery ofangiotensin, the postulated pressor substance which causes hypertension. He haswritten or co-authored 77 scientific paperson a wide variety of subjects. Before joining Lilly in 1931, Mr. Helmer spent fouryears in cancer research at tin: RockefellerInstitute for Medical Research. An associate professor of experimental medicineand a member of the graduate faculty ofthe department of biochemistry at theIndiana University School of Medicine, Mr.Helmer is a member of the medical advisory committee of the American HeartAssn.'s Council for the Study of HighBlood Pressure and a member of the Conference on Factors Regulating Blood Pressure of the Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation.Mr. Helmer is also a member of numerousother scientific societies, including the American Chemical Society, the AmericanFederation for Clinical Research, and theAmerican Society of Biological Chemists.Howard R. Anderson, AM'28, formerlydean of the University of Rochester Schoolof Liberal and Applied Studies, has beenpromoted to the newly-created position ofassistant to the president of the Universityof Rochester. Mr. Anderson joined theUniversity of Rochester faculty in 1953after having been chief for social sciencesin the division of higher education of theU.S. Office of Education. He was a professor of education and director of the CornellUniversity School of Education from 1937to 1946, when he joined the Office of Education in Washington.John A. Larson, MD'28, is chairman ofthe Mental Health Division of the Psychiatric Unit of Iowa State Penitentiary inFort Madison, Iowa. Last September, asacting clinical director of the MontanaState Hosiptal in Warm Springs, Mont.,Dr. Larson spoke before representativelaw enforcement personnel of the SaltLake (Utah) area on what he believesshould be the future of lie-detecting techniques. Called the "Father of the LieDetector," Dr. Larson has devoted 35 yearsof study to the development of scientific,clinical use of the "polygraph"maehine orits derivatives. He told his select audienceof the need for a scientifically trained clinical team, utilizing scientifically controlledtesting techniques, if the stigma on the liedetector in the field of crime is to beerased. Seriously lacking in the use of thepolygraph is any standard of comparisonFrom New York Life's yearbook of successful insurance career men!SIDNEY M. MILLER-music lover makes good tothe tune of a million in sales!When Sidney Miller became a New York Life representative, he gave up his first love, music — to concentrate on two goals: selling a million dollars of insuranceprotection, and earning his Chartered Life Underwriterdegree, a designation given for successfully completingadvanced study courses that help him give even betterservice to his clients. He has accomplished both of theseobjectives.Sidney Miller, like many other college alumni, is wellestablished in a career as a New York Life representative. In business for himself, his own talents and ambitions are the only limitations on his potential income.Additionally, he has the deep satisfaction of helpingothers. If you or someone you know would like moreinformation on such a career with one of the world'sleading life insurance companies, write: S'DNEY MM'LLER, C.L.UNew York Liferepresentative at theL'"co'n Genera, Office,New York CityEducation: City ami*•*.. B.B.A. .50°llege 0fw°rld War H. dVy'Employment Recnm. TY°rk Life C * "T^ N6Wand Life Member n MUf^D°Har Round Ta^MelU^IVewYorkLifeInsurance (mjtic) CompanyCollege Relations, Dept. Y751 Madison Avenue, New York 10, N. Y.24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEor control to assure that at the conclusion„f a session a lie detector test is truly atest. "The term 'polygraph' (many writings)is of no value without standards or methods0f control," said Dr. Larson, who is preparing a comprehensive text that will enable controls to be put into practice andcompared with any of the numerous types0f so-called lie detectors.Lisle Ware, AM'28, director of the University Memorial Center in Boulder, Colo.,was elected first vice president of theWest Central Area Council of YMCAsat an annual conference held in St. Louis[his March. The West Central Area Council includes all the YMCAs in Colo., Kan.,Mo., Nebr., and Wyo. Mr. Ware is acharter member of the Boulder YMCA andserved as it's president in 1958.Fritiof M. Fryxell, PhD'29, professor ofgeology at Augustana College in RockIsland, 111., and Jaroslav J. Pelikan, PhD'46,professor of historical theology at the U ofC, will be awarded honorary doctorates atthe June commencement exercises at Wittenberg University in Springfield, Ohio.Mr. Fryxell will receive an honorary doctorof > ience degree and Mr. Pelikan will beawarded an honorary doctor of lettersdegree. Mr. Fryxell has been a member ofthe Augustana faculty since 1923. He isthe author of numerous books relating togeology, mountaineering, and the historyof science. In 1953, he was presented theN'eil Miner Award of the National Assn. ofGeology Teachers "for exceptional contributions to the stimulation of interest inthe earth sciences." Mr. Pelikan, the 1959winner of the $12,500 Abingdon Award forhis book, The Riddle of Roman Catholicism, is the editor of the massive collectionof "Luther's Works" and the author of sixothe books. He has been a member of theU o: C faculty since 1953 and previouslytaught at Concordia Seminary, St. Louis,and at Valparaiso University.Leon R. Gross, '29, JD'30, has recentlybeen appointed a hearing examiner of theFederal Trade Commission.May Friend Goodman, '30, lives inCedarhurst, N. Y., where her husband isthe rabbi of Temple Sinai of Long Island.Mrs. Goodman is active in the WorldUnion for Progressive Judiasm, representing it in the Non-governmental Organizations Committee of Unicef. She has alsobeen active in the National Federation ofTemple Sisterhoods, leading discussion andstudy groups. The Goodmans' two daughters, Gail and Judith, are at GoucherCollege.Corrinne Weil Mattuck, '30, a professorat Goddard College in Plainfield, Vt.,writes frequently for Parents' Magazineand is on its editorial board for monthlygroup discussion articles. Her oldest daughter, Sue, is a sophomore at Antioch College.Montana X. Faber Menard, '30, lives>n Wheeling, W. Va., where her husband,David, is the chief chemist for the Wheeling Stamping Co., manufacturers of collapsible tubes. The Menards have threechildren: Keith, 19; Dwight, 16; andJani, e, 13. Mrs. Menard writes: "I am stillactive in music on the local scene and havebeen the Wheeling correspondent forMusical America for over ten years." Minnie Rob Phaup, AM'30, of Alexandria, Va., was awarded a Ph.D. at thewinter convocation of The George Washington University in Washington, D. C, onFebruary 22. Her doctoral work was donein the field of psychology.Isadore H. Cohn, '31, presented a paperon "A Training Program for AdolescentGroup Psychotherapy" at the AmericanOrthopsychiatric Convention in Chicago inFebruary. Dr. Colin and his wife, theformer Ruth Hopkins, AM'40, live in NewYork City.Forrest S. Drummond, '32, JD'34, librarian of the Los Angeles County LawLibrary and secretary of the Board of LawLibrary Trustees, has been promoted tocaptain in the U. S. Naval Reserve. Mr.Drummond lives in Pasadena, Calif., withhis wife, Helen, and their son, Forrest, Jr.Glenn Kropf, AM'32, until recently thedirector of the Wesley Foundation at theUniversity of Colorado, taught a specialcourse on the Gospel of Luke during Lentin the chapel of the First Methodist Churchin Boulder, Colo. Mr. Kropf lived in SouthBend, Ind., before moving to Boulder.Wood Gray, PhD'33, professor of American history at George Washington University in Washington, D. C, spoke atSusquehanna University in Selinsgrove, Pa.,in March. His lecture was on 'William E.Dodd: Historian and Teacher." Mr. Graystudied under William Dodd while at theU of C. Mr. Dodd was later the U. S.ambassador to Germany during the rise ofAdolph Hitler. Mr. Gray is the author ofThe Hidden Civil War, The Story of theCopperheads, and co-author of The GeorgeWashington Key to Historical Research andHistorian's Handbook.Henry T. Maschal, '33, partner in thecertified public accounting firm of Harris,Kerr, Forster & Co., was recently electedpresident of the San Francisco Conventionand Visitors' Bureau. Mr. Maschal has beena vice-president and director of the Bureausince 1957, and has served as chairman ofits budget and finance committee.Herman E. Ries, Jr., '33, PhD'36, research associate at the. Whiting, Ind.,research laboratories of the Standard OilCo. of Indiana, spoke before the AmericanChemical Society meeting in Atlantic City,N. J., last September. Mr. Ries is internationally known for his research on whathappens at the surfaces between solids,liquids and gases. In 1950, he received theIpatieff Award of the American ChemicalSociety for his many important contributions to knowledge in his field. He is amember of numerous scientific societies,including the American Institute of Chemists and the Faraday Society (London). Mr.Ries and his wife live in Chicago.34-43Charles B. Lunsford, '34, (Class of '25),was recently promoted from second to firstvice-president of The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the U. S. Mr. Lunsfordlives in Garden City, Long Island, N. Y. Rhoda Wagner Perlman, '34, of Highland Park, 111., is a sales representative forthe L. Ringer Realty Co. of Highland Park.Margaret Webster Thexton, '34, of Stillwater, Minn., joined the social servicestaff at the Elizabeth Kenny Institute inMinneapolis, Minn., in March of 1959. Mrs.Thexton works at the Kenny Institute fourdays each week and one day each week atthe Minnesota Heart Assn. in the newly-established Cardiac Work Evaluation Unit.She writes that both jobs give "stimulationand rewarding work in rehabilitation."W. Edward Clark, '35, teaches Englishand German at Central High School inOmaha, Nebr. In 1957, Mr. Clark won afinalist prize, and in 1959, an honorablemention for 35 millimeter color slides inthe "World Travel Photo Contests" sponsored by the Saturday Review of Literature.Mr. Helmer '27Alvin J. Roseman, AM'35, of the International Cooperation Administration inWashington, D. C, spoke on "Ugly Americans I Have Known" before on OberlinCollege Assembly in March. Mr. Rosemanis regional director for the InternationalCooperations Administration's Far EasternOperations. Earlier this year, he received aNational Civil Service League award inrecognition of outstanding government service. Mr. Roseman has served with nationaland international organizations for the past25 years. Since 1944, he has held variousposts in Cairo, the Balkans, Greece, Switzerland and Cambodia.Philip C. White, '35, PhD'38, generalmanager of research and development forthe Standard Oil Co. of Ind., is now thegeneral manager of Standard's new research and development department, withheadquarters in Chicago.Philip R. Clarke, Jr., '37, manager of thenew business department of Lehman Bros.,investment brokers, has recently beenelected chairman of the Chicago Committee on Alcoholism. John M. Clark, '37,JD'39, partner in the law firm of Dall-stream, Schiff, Hardin, Waite and Dorschel,was elected secretary of the board of directors at the same time. Executive directorof the Chicago Committee on AlcoholismMay, i960 25Mona Fletcher, AM'24, professor ofpolitical science at Kent State University, was singled out by her colleaguesfor the highest honor they can bestow.She was named the most distinguishedfaculty member at the university in1960. Appointed to the Kent Statefaculty in 1924, Miss Fletcher has beenteaching there longer than any otherperson. Among the thousands of studentswho have studied under her are 33members of the present faculty andadministrative staff. She is listed inWho's Who in America, Who's Who inthe Midwest, and the Directory of American Scholars. Miss Fletcher has beenselected as the first woman to serve asa member on the National ExecutiveCouncil for Pi Sigma Alpha, a politicalscience honorary, and is now in hersecond four-year term. She is a member and has held office in the OhioAssoc, of Economists and PoliticalScientists since 1940. Her articles andbook reviews have appeared in suchprofessional publications as Annals ofthe American Academy of Political andSocial Science, American Political Science Review and the National Civic Review. She is the co-author of StateLegislatures, published in 1954.is Arnold J. Kuhn, '37, AM'46, PhD'49.Mr. Clarke is a trustee of the U of CAlumni Foundation and a member of itsCitizens' Board. His other civic activities include positions as vice-president of theNational Council on Alcoholism, vice-president and treasurer of the United Republican Fund of Illinois, and trustee of theClarendon Hills (III.) village. He is a director of the Cook County School of Nursing and a director of the Chicago Zoological Society. He, his wife and theirtwo children live in Clarendon Hills, 111.Mr. Clark is a member of the UniversityAlumni Association cabinet and a memberof the state and local tax committee of theIllinois State Chamber of Commerce. He,his wife and their seven children live inDowners Grove, 111. The Chicago Committee on Alcoholism is a voluntary nonprofit agency concerned with alcoholismeducation, research and treatment. In addition to its educational program, it operatesthe Portal House outpatient clinic foralcoholism. "Wendell P. Metzner, PhD'37, has beenappointed administrative director of theMonsanto Chemical Co.'s new researchcenter to be constructed at the company'sgeneral offices location in St. Louis, Mo.Joseph Post, MD'37, of New York City,writes: "Our two boys are growing up. Theolder (H)Ji) is a budding cellist. Mrs. Postis showing her pictures and statuary; practice and research keep me occupied."George W. Schustek, Jr., '37, MBA'51,section leader in pilot-plant development atthe Whiting, Ind., research laboratories ofthe Standard Oil Co., spoke at the University of Wisconsin before the studentchapter of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers last December. He describedhow chemical engineers develop new processes for refining petroleum or makingchemicals and also discussed career opportunities for chemical engineers. Mr. Schustek and his wife live in Flossmoor, 111.Verna Donian Bezazian, '38, is a housewife in Chicago.Galen W. Ewing, PhD'39, is now chairman of the chemistry department at NewMexico Highlands University in Las Vegas,N. M.John F. Gall, PhD'39, has been appointed manager of the Pennsalt ChemicalsCorp.'s new Research Products Development department. The new departmentwill evaluate new Pennsalt products fortheir technical and commercial acceptability. Mr. Gall is internationally knownfor his work in electrochemistry and fluorine chemistry. He has many years of experience in both research direction andproduct development, the latter beingchiefly in the high energy field. The authorof numerous scientific publications, Mr.(Jail is a member of the American Chemical Society, the American Rocket Society,the American Assn. for the Advancementof Science and the Pennsylvania Academyof Sciences.Edward W. Schlies, '39, MD'42, of Hillsborough, Calif., attended the HypnosisSymposium in Las Vegas, Nev., in November and a second course in San Franciscoin January. He writes that he finds thesecourses very helpful in his practice in pediatrics.Henry Morganthau III, '40, has beenappointed to the Massachusetts Board of Regional Community Colleges, establishedby Governor Furcolo of Massachusetts.Mr. Morganthau is project manager forthe educational television station, WGBH,in Boston, and producer of the televisionseries, "Prospects of Mankind,'' in collaboration with Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt.He was formerly a television producer inNew York and is a trustee of the BostonArts Festival and a director of the BronxHouse Community Center, New York CityCenter of Music and Drama, Inc., and NewDramatists Committee, Inc., in New YorkCity.Carl Stanley, '40, of Kenilworth, 111.,vice-president of the Harris Trust & Savings Bank in Chicago, has been appointedto the chairmanship of the Finance Sectionof the Business Division of the AmericanCancer Society, Illinois Division in the1960 Crusade. A member of the board ofthe U of C Alumni Foundation, and director of the Illinois Area Y. M. C. A., Mr.Stanley is also director of the LawsonY. M. C. A. and was the division chairmanof the 1959 Junior Achievement Campaign.Jane Dalenberg Kurago-Skrago, '41, is inMinsk, U.S.S.R.Morton Z. Fainman, PhD '41, was appointed director of research for the BrayOil Co. last May.Frederick Sperling, SM '41, PhD '52,operates an independent pharmacology andtoxicology laboratory in Arlington, Va.Robert S. Burgess, Jr., AM'42, is a specialist in library science with the KoreanProject of the George Peabody College forTeachers in Seoul, Korea.Joseph J. Hackett, '42, '48, and John E.Thompson, '44, MBA'46, have recentlybeen elected directors of Hackett Tabulating Cards. Mr. Hackett is president of thecompany. Production began March 1 inthe new Hackett Tabulating Cards plantin Cincinnati, Ohio. The main plant is inChicago.Lester B. Dean, '42, of Elmhurst, 111.,is a plant supervisor for the Illinois BellTelephone Co. in Chicago.William E. Felch, PhD '42, is professorof philosophy and dean of the eveningschool at Findlay College in Findlay, Ohio.He is also, at present, the acting vicepresident of instruction at the school. Mrs.Felch, the former Virginia Blocher, '34, isengaged in social welfare work for Hancock County, Ohio.William S. Hunter, MD '42, practicesmedicine in San Francisco and lives onTelegraph Hill. A recent article in thepicture section of the San FranciscoChronicle showed interior views of hishome, furnished with items Dr. Hunterand his wife bought on a four-monthworld tour.Eleanor Seegman, '43, AM '44, is attending the San Fernando Valley Collegefor technical training as a medical assistant.Emilie Rashevsky Strand, '43, writesfrom Washington, D. C: "Our house onthe (U. S. Naval) Observatory groundsis huge and quite a change from the apart"ment we had at Northwestern." Mrs.Strand is working at the American Association of University Women headquarters-Her husband "is still on the faculty at26 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEyerkes, so he gets to the Middlewest onoccasions. . . . Last year (we) went toRussia as the guests of the RussianAcademy of Science."Bernard E. Epton, '43, senior member ofthe law firm of Epton, Scott, McCarthyand Bohling in Chicago, has been appointed chairman of the newly organizedJackson Park (South Shore) Community inthe South Central Chicago Branch of thei960 Crusade of the American CancerSociety. An active member of the American. Illinois, and Chicago Bar Associations,Mr. Epton is vice-president of the Decalogue Bar Assn. and a member of the TrialLawyers Club of Chicago and the BarAssociation of the Seventh Federal Circuit.He is president of the South Shore Chamber of Commerce, a member of the SouthShore Lions, Hyde Park High School PTA,and the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. Mr. Epton lives in South Shore withhis wife and their four children: Teri,Jeffrey, Mark and Dale.Eric G. Erickson, '43, MBA'52, has beenpromoted to general sales manager of theMolded-Packaging Division of the Diamond National Corp. in New York City.Mr. Erickson was an executive of the General Package Corp. when it merged withThe Diamond Match Co. in 1955. He thentransferred to Diamond's New York officeas assistant secretary. In 1958, he becameassistant to the vice-president in charge ofMolded-Packaging. Before joining GeneralPackage, Mr. Erickson was a senior staffengineer with George Fry & Associates.44-47John E. Cooperrider, '44, of ProspectHeights, 111., is pastor of the LutheranChurch of the Good Shepherd, which isbuilding its first unit in Prospect Heights.The congregation is two years old.Robert T. Morrison, '44, is the authorof Organic Chemistry, a new textbook forcollege students published by Allyn andBacon. Mr. Morrison and his wife havethree children: Susan, born April 15, 1959;James, three years old; and Robert, fiveyears old.Charles F. Brumfiel, SM '44, has beenappointed associate professor of mathematics at the University of Michigan. Hehas been on the faculty of Ball StateTeachers College in Muncie, Ind., since1946. Mr. Brumfiel's special field of interest is mathematics education and thetraining of mathematics teachers.Deborah Ishlon, '44, an executive withColumbia Records in New York City, hasdrawn on her years of experience in therecording world to write a novel: Girldinger. Using the Madison Avenue vocabulary and the youngster-learns-the-hard-*ay plot, the story runs 283 pages for$3.95 from Doubleday & Co.Helen M. Robinson, PhD '44, was thedirector of the 22nd Annual Conference°n Reading sponsored by the Department°f Education of the U of C last summer.The theme of the four-day conference,which was attended by over 1,000 teachersand school administrators, was "Reading Instruction in Various Patterns of Grouping."Owen Jenkins, '45, AM '50, is an assistant professor of English at CarletonCollege in Northfield, Minn. He and hiswife have two sons: Clay, born in December, 1956, and Hugh, born in October,1958.Mary Edith Runyan, AM '45, left forNew Delhi, India, last August on a Fulbright research grant for study of Indianphilosophy and religion for a year. Shehas recently been director of the Leadership School of the Union TheologicalSeminary.Genevra Lorish Sloan, '45, of Guilford,Conn., will have six oil paintings on exhibit at the Lynn Kottler Galleries in NewYork City during April. Later in thespring, she will have a one-man show inNew Haven, Conn.Tang Tsou, AM '45, PhD '51, is theauthor of an article in Orbis, a quarterlyjournal of world affairs published by theForeign Policy Research Institute of theUniversity of Pennsylvania. The article isentitled, "Mao's Limited War in the Taiwan Strait."James G. Hodgson, PhD '46, and hiswife, Magdalene, leave April 13 for aleisurely auto tour of Europe which maytake them from one to two years depending on when they choose to return to theU. S. Their only real contact with theU. S., then, will be through Mr. Hodgson'sson, Marshall, PhD '51, of the U of C'sCommittee on Social Thought. Mr. Hodgson is the emeritus director of libraries atColorado State University in Fort Collins,Colo. He has recently finished a sessionas head of the Quartermaster Corps Library in Chicago. Mrs. Hodgson hasretired as librarian of the American Medical Association, where she was also editorof the Quarterly Cumulative IndexMedicus.Barbara J. Holdsheim, '46, is workingon her master's degree in the Spanishdepartment of the Humanities Division atthe U of C.James D. Watson, '46, '47, associateprofessor of biochemistry at Harvard University who determined the chemical structure of DNA, believed to be the vital substance which passes characteristics fromparent to child, received the Eli Lilly &Co. Award in Biological Chemistry duringthe American Chemical Society's 137thnational meeting in Cleveland, Ohio, inApril. Mr. Watson's DNA research hasbeen called a "milestone in chemistry.""Cissie" Liebshutz Peltz, '46, and herhusband, Richard, '46, AM'49, PhD'53,have adopted two children (brother andsister), Julie, two, and David, nearly one.Mr. and Mrs. Peltz live in Milwaukee,LEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: HYde Park 3-9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVER BEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO24 HOUR SERVICELicensed • Bonded • InsuredQualified WeldersSubmerged Water HeatersHAymarket 1-79171404-08 S. Western Ave., ChicagoSince 7885ALBERTTeachers' AgencyTheCollwide best tn placement service for UBge, Secondary and Elementary.patronage. Call or write us at niversltyNation37 South Wabash Ave.Chicago 3, III.RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING and DECORATING1331 TelephoneW. Jackson Blvd. MOnroe 6-3192UNIVERSITY NATIONAL BANK1354 East 55th StreetMemberFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationMUseum 4-1200YOUR FAVORITEFOUNTAIN TREATTASTES BETTERf Swift & Company7409 So. State StreetPhone RAdcliffe 3-7400May, i960Mr. Roseman '35Wise, where Mr. Peltz is on the faculty ofthe Milwaukee branch of the University ofWisconsin.Attention, Dodd House, '47-'50 ¦Last November we received a letterfrom our good friend in oil, Albert E.Bruggemeyer, Jr., '50, MBA'52. The twothin sheets of stationery on which companies in foreign countries write for airmail economy, got caught in the back ofthe desk drawer. A cleaning spree uncovered it last week. The Jetter is stillinteresting:"As I recall, I last wrote when leavingCaracus, Venezuela for Coral Gables, Florida in 1956. In 1957 I moved to Bogota,Columbia, where I was treasurer of International Petroleum (Columbia) Ltd."After complaining of not encounteringany alumni in Caracas or Miami, I finallyfound where they had hidden all theUCers: Bogota. There were frequent andheated sessions of controversal but lightsubjects: pros and cons of ChancellorHutchins, whether the neck-tie was on thesecond or third gargoyle on Hull Gate,and whether it was possible to teach fourteen-year-old-geniuses to spell. In goodUC tradition we resolved none of theseproblems, but Bill Fowler and I, of theHutchins clique, left a good number oflumps on our adversaries."Of course, it was too good to last. Assoon as the Company found I had gottenin with a bunch of fellow alumni theytransferred me to Buenos Aires. Actually,I like to think it wasn't just because ofthe UCers— it was some sort of promotionsince I am now treasurer of a substantially bigger company [ESSO] with, unfortunately, bigger problems."So far we've been very pleased withB.A. since it offers a more complete lifewith its virtues ranging from the fantasticArgentine beef to excellent opera. Thecountry is reminiscent of the U.S., notonly in climate but also in the Europeanbackground."While in Colombia we added one morepotential UCer to the Bruggemeyer haremwith the arrival of Joanne Elaine, round- en71Mr. Stanley '40ing off the family at three girls— one NewYorker, one Venezuelan and one Colombian."We have our fingers crossed that we'llbe able to make it home next June forthe tenth reunion of my College class. Theonly problem: I'm not sure that I knowanyone in the Class of '50. I suggest werevise the reunion schedule to somethinglike reunion for Dodd House, '47-'50, andthen I'm certain I would know just abouteveryone."My congratulations on the continuedfine quality of the Magazine. I find itnot only of high standard but possiblymore important, a continuing link withthe intellectual atmosphere of the University."Laurel Sacks Fischer, '47, teaches thirdgrade in the Akron, Ohio, Public Schools.She and her husband, Sy, have five children, who range in age from two to nine.H. Virginia Gilliland, MD'47, is nowpracticing medicine in the new combinedhospital and clinic, the Bess Kaiser Hospitaland The Permanente Clinic, which openedin July in Portland, Ore.Joseph Minsky, '47, JD'51, married DorisGoldman of Denver, Colo., on February 21.The Minskys will continue to reside inChicago, where Mr. Minsky practices law.Royal Jae Schmidt, AM'47, PhD'57, hasrecently been promoted to professor ofhistory and political science at ElmhurstCollege in Elmhurst, 111.Parry E. Stroud, AM'47, has been appointed an associate professor in the department of English at Washburn Universityof Topeka in Topeka, Kan., beginning inthe fall of 1960.C. F. Joseph Tom, AM'47, assistantprofessor of economics and business administration at Lebanon Valley College inAnnville, Pa., has been awarded a FordFoundation fellowship for regional facultyresearch seminars in economics. Mr. Tomwill participate in a research seminar onconsumer economics to be held at theWharton School of Finance and Commerceof the University of Pennsylvania duringthe summer of 1960. The seminar will offer him an opportunity to pursue his owr,interests in this field and to conduct a research project which can be completedduring the academic year 1960-61. KfrTom has been a member of the LebanonValley College faculty since 1954. He is anative of Canton, China.Claude D. Dicks, PhD '47, a memberof the faculty of Parsons College, in Fairfield, Iowa, is the author of The ChristianReligion, published in September. Thebook is designed for use in college freshman-level courses in religion.Urchie B. Ellis, '47, JD '49, of Chicago,is a general attorney with the IllinoisCentral Railroad Co.Roy W. Fairchild, AM '47, professor ofChristian education at the San FranciscoTheological Seminary in San Anselmo,Calif., is engaged in a three-year researchproject on "Family Life and Ministry toFamilies" in the United PresbyterianChurch, U. S. A. He is also preparing thepreliminary report to the 171st GeneralAssembly of that denomination.Eugene Y. Gootnick, '47, '48, MD '52,has been appointed an instructor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology atthe University of Southern CaliforniaMedical School.Phillip Sirotkin, AM '47, PhD '51, associate director for regional programs of theWestern Interstate Commission for HigherEducation, has been named executiveassistant to the director of the ColoradoState Department of Mental Hygiene.Prior to his work with the Western Interstate Commission, Mr. Sirotkin was assistant professor of political science at Wellesley College from 1952 to 1957. In 1957,he became assistant director of the MentalHealth Project of the Western InterstateCommission for Higher Education, and wasresponsible for organizing and directingan inter-state mental health training andresearch program. He is the author of anumber of professional monographs andarticles on conservation, public administration and constitutional law. His mostrecent publication was The Echo ParkDam Controversy and Upper ColoradoRiver Development, published in 1959 bythe University of Alabama Press. A member of the American Public Health Assoc,the National League for Nursing, theAmerican Society of Public Administration,and the American Political Science Administration, Mr. Sirotkin lives in Boulder,Colo., with his wife and two children.48-50Albert W. Demmler, Jr., '48, employedas a research engineer in the PhysicalMetallurgy Division of the Alcoa ResearchLaboratories in New Kensington, Pa.,added a second son to the family lastOctober.Richard L. Garwin, SM'48, PhD'49, afull-time research scientist for the International Business Machines Corp., is also aprofessor at Columbia University and aconsultant for President EisenhowersScientific Advisory Committee. He hasworked on the A-bomb and the H-bombas well as the peaceful uses of both fission28 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEand fusion. In the February issue of BetterHomes and Gardens, an article entitled"Will One of these Young Men be our NextEinstein? " is mainly about Mr. Garwinand his contributions to science and technology (at the age of 31). Mr. Garwin wasa member of the faculty of the physicsdepartment at the U of C until 1952, whenhe joined IBM.James T. Gibson, Jr., '48, JD'52, of Chicago, has joined International Minerals& Chemical Corp. in Skokie, 111., as a general attorney. Mr. Gibson had been withthe Chicago law firm of Schradzke, Gouldand Ratner for six years before joiningIMC. Prior to that, he had been an editorat Commerce Clearing House.Alexander H. Pope, '48, JD'52, statelegislative secretary in California, is currently interested in the resolution of thenarcotics problem in Los Angeles. He recently sent a letter to the Los Angeles citycouncil asking for suggestions from locallaw enforcement agencies on ways to improve state laws covering narcotics.Barbara Deacon Preston, '48, is planningto make Florida her home after nearlyfive years in Puerto Rico and a year teach-in.; school in Arkansas. Mrs. Preston livesin Tampa, Fla.Art RadclifFe, '48, division technical advisor with the Florida InstrumentationDivision of Radiation, Inc., conducted aseries of lectures on transistor circuitry andspecial circuit applications for a group ofkey engineering personnel. Before joiningthe Florida Division of Radiation, Inc.,Mr. Radcliffc headed the transistor application group for the Kellogg Co. There hewas concerned with transistor applicationsin wire transmission and switching equipment.Chester H. Cable, PhD '48, and hiswife, the former Mabel Hessler, AM '27,PhD '34, are spending this year in Washington, D. C. Mr. Cable is on a year'ssabbatical leave from Wayne State University, spending the winter reading atthe Library of Congress. Mrs. Cable ison the national staff of the League ofWomen Voters.Col. Jay P. Dawley, SM '48, is in missile construction work, mainly in the NikeZeus program. He and his family live inRedstone, Ala. The Dawleys have fourchildren: two girls, seven and four, andtwin boys, one and a half.Ceorge W. Farwell, PhD '48, professorof physics at the University of Washington, was recently appointed associate deanof the Graduate School at the Universityof Washington. Mr. Farwell will continuehis research in experimental nuclearphysics with the University of Washington cyclotron. Since 1952, he has hadadministrative responsibility for the cyclotron laboratory there. He is the authorof numerous scientific papers relating tonuclear physics and fission phenomena.Rudolph E. Johnson, '48, of Chicago, isan assistant actuary for the Benefit Assoc.of Railway Employees.I ister R. Uretz, JD '48, is the assistantregional counsel in the Office of the ChiefCounsel of the Internal Revenue Service-Mr. Uretz is assigned to the Nashville,Tenn., office. Carl J. Vanderlin, Jr., '48, '50, of Whitewater, Wise, is the acting chairman of themathematics department at WisconsinState College. Mrs. Vanderlin is theformer Ernestine Schonta, '47.Anne Curry Wyant, '48, is teaching firstgrade in a Los Angeles elementary school.Martin F. Sturman, '48, writes that hisNew York practice is "slowly but surelyimproving." Dr. Sturman is associated withthe Lenox Hill Hospital and the City Hospital at Elmhurst, where he is with theendocrine and metabolic services.Howard A. Wilcox, SM'48, PhD'48, whohas been a deputy director of defenseresearch and engineering with the DefenseDept., joined the General Motors Corp.in March. He has been appointed directorof research and engineering in the DefenseSystems Division of that corporation. Mr.Wilcox has devoted most of his professionallife to problems of national defense in thefields of nuclear physics and nuclear missiles. From 1946 to 1948, he was a researchassistant at the Institute of Nuclear Studiesat the U of C, where he studied underEnrico Fermi, Edward Teller and SamuelK. Allison.Ralph J. Wood, '48, and his wife,Gertrude, are the parents of Richard Mark,born February 16. The new arrival is thefifth child in the Wood family.Harold L. Friedman, PhD'49, resignedhis post as associate professor at the University of Southern California to accept ajob at the I. B. M. laboratories in NewYork. Mr. Friedman received an AlfredP. Sloan Besearch Award this year.Allan Bloom, '49, AM '53, PhD '55, lecturer in the Basic Program of LiberalEducation for Adults at the DowntownCenter of the U of C, delivered a lectureon Plato's Ion to the students of St. John'sCollege in Annapolis, Md., last fall.Maurice Cope, AM '49, assistant professor of humanities in the College of theU of C, has taken a year's leave of absence to do research on Eucharistic subjects in 16th-century Venetian painting.John G. Hawthorne, PhD '49, associateprofessor of classics in the College of theU of C, is doing archaeological researchat the Isthmus of Corinth.Aaron Seidman, AM '49, is a supervisorand therapist at the Jewish Children'sBureau in Chicago. Mrs. Seidman is theformer Frances Rothstein, AM '50.Zane Spiegel, '49, SM '52, recently returned to Santa Fe, N. M., from a Fulbright grant in Peru. Mr. Spiegel taughthydrology and geomorphology at SanAgustin University in Arequipa, studiedthe relationships of ground water and surface water resources in the Andes andcoastal Peru, and investigated the importance of Inca and pre-Inca irrigation practices in the hydrologic cycle and its possible effects on population movements andancient political economy. He is presentlya research assistant at the New MexicoInstitute of Mining and Technology inSocom, N. M., studying the relationshipsof ground water occurrence and drainagein water salvage problems.Eugene S. Zemans, AM '49, of Chicago,is the executive director of Prisoners' Aid- BOYDSTON AMBULANCE SERVICEAuthorized Ambulance ServiceFor Billings HospitalOfficial Ambulance Service forThe University of Chicagophone NOrmal 7-2468NEW ADDRESS— 1708 E. 7 1 ST ST.PENDERCatch Basin and Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sump-Pumps6620 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUEFAirfax 4-0550PENDER CATCH BASIN SERVICEJhodlinihnmILPARKER-HOLSMANReal Estate and Insurance1461 East 57th Street Hyde Park 3-2525Phone: REgent 1-331 1The Old ReliableHyde Park Awnins Co.INC.Awnings and Canopies for Alt Purposes1142 E. 82nd StreetCHICAGO ADDRESSING & PRINTING CO.Complete Service for Mail AdvertisersPRINTING— LETTERPRESS & OFFSETLetters • Copy Preparation • ImprintingTypewriting • Addressing • MailingQUALITY — ACCURACY — SPEED7M So. Dearborn . Chicago 5 . WA 2-4561LOWER YOUR COSTSIMPROVED METHODSEMPLOYEE TRAININGWAGE INCENTIVESJOB EVALUATIONPERSONNEL PROCEDURESROBERT B. SHAPIRO, '33, FOUNDERMay, i960Correctional Reform, a private welfareagency. Mr. Zemans is the president ofthe International Prisoners' Aid Assoc, thesecretary of the Mayor's Commission onthe House of Correction, the secretary ofthe Advisory Committee to the ChiefJustice of the Municipal Court, and pastpresident of the Illinois Academy ofCriminology.Carla Lurie Dowben, '50, and her husband, Robert, '47, MD '49, live in Chicago.Dr. Dowben is an assistant professor ofmedicine at Northwestern University; Mrs.Dowben is an attorney, with offices in "theloop."David H. Green, AM '50, of Honolulu,Hawaii, writes of three U of C alumniwho are prominent in public life in the50th state: Wilfred Tsukiyama, '24, wasrecently appointed Chief Justice of theState Supreme Court. He had served severalterms as a territorial senator and narrowlymissed election to the U. S. Senate. MatsuoTakabuki, JD '49, has served for severalyears as a member of Honolulu's CityCouncil. Patsy Takemoto Mink, JD '51,has served terms in both the TerritorialHouse and Senate.^ and was a candidatefor her party's nomination for Hawaii'slone seat in the U. S. House of Representatives.Emmett B. Lorey, '50, '54, MD '55, iscompleting his last year of training aschief resident in internal medicine at theVeteran's Administration Hospital in SanFrancisco. His wife, the former MaryAlice Urey, '54, AM '55, and he plan toremain in the San Francisco Bay area.The Loreys have one son, David Emmett,born on October 30, 1958.Nan Rypins Malkin, '50, '56, AM '57,is director of the social service departmentat the Newington Hospital for CrippledChildren in Newington, Conn.Norman Springer, AM '50, has beenpromoted to associate professor of Englishat Grinnell College in Grinnell, Iowa.Daniel N. Fox, '50, JD'55, of LosAngeles, Calif., writes that his wife, Var-dith, begins residency in pediatrics at theCedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angelesnext July. She is now a school physicianin Baldwin Park, Calif.Judson Jerome, AM'50, associate professor of literature at Antioch College inYellow Springs, Ohio, is the winner of the1960-61 Amy Lowell Poetry TravellingScholarship. Mr. Jerome, accompanied byhis wife and three daughters, who range inage from one to six years, plans to spendabout half the year in England and theother half travelling on the Continent. Hewas free to accept the scholarship since hewill be on sabbatical leave from Antiochnext year. The grant is awarded each yearto an American poet of "good standing orable promise" and "progressive literarytendencies." It carries a stipend of $4,000and stipulates that the recipient mustspend one year outside the North Americancontinent. Mr. Jerome has had close to100 poems published in the past five yearsin such magazines as the Saturday Review,Atlantic Monthly and Harpers, as well asin numerous poetry journals and literaryreviews all over the country, and in severalanthologies. He has also written poetry anddrama reviews^ several plays including a musical comedy which was produced in1957 by the Antioch Area Theatre, andnumerous articles. Two short stories willbe included in the spring issues of theSouthwest Review and New World Writing;Mr. Jerome was the winner of the Huntington Hartford Fellowship for writing in thesummer of 1959.O. J. Krasner, AM'50, of Greenhills,Ohio, was promoted last June to theposition of manager of programming of theVertical Take-off and Landing Operation,Flight Propulsion Division of the GeneralElectric Co.Fauzi M. Najjar, AM'50, PhD'54, anassistant professor of social science andforeign studies at Michigan State University, has received a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to do research on "Democratic and Non-democratic Patterns inArab History and Thought." Mr. Najjar,his wife, the former Vivian E. Berquist,'54, and their son, Mitri, will spend 1960-61in the Middle East on a leave of absence.Their address between August 30, 1960and August 15, 1961, will be: Bishmizzine,El-Koura, Lebanon.Lawrence H. Van Vlack, PhD'50, haswritten an important technical paper whichappeared in the March issue of The Journalof the American Ceramic Society. Since1953, Mr. Van Vlack has been on thefaculty of the department of chemical andmetallurgical engineering at the Universityof Michigan, where he is now a full professor. His paper, "Microstructure of Silicain the Presence of Iron Oxide," is the resultof research conducted there. Y. Baskin, '51,SM'52, PhD'55, has collaborated on a technical paper which appeared in the Januaryissue of the American Ceramic SocietyRulletin. The paper is entitled "FailureMechanisms of Solid Propellant RocketNozzles." Mr. Baskin is a research scientistin the ceramics and minerals research department of the Armour Research Foundation of the Illinois Institute of Technologyin Chicago. His present interests are in thefield of high-temperature materials.51-54Irving S. Bengelsdorf, PhD '51, has leftthe General Electric Corp. for a positionas research group leader with the TexusResearch Center in Parsippany, N. J.Vladimir Reisky de Dubnic, AM '51,PhD '59, an assistant professor of politicalscience at Washington College in Chester-town, Md., has received a research fellowship in political science from the Organization of American States. The fellowshipwill allow Mr. Reisky de Dubnic to go toBrazil for a year to study and write abook on the Brazilian political parties andideologies. He has studied at Prague University, the London School of Economics,and at Harvard's International SummerSeminar. Besides Washington college, Mr.Reisky de Dubnic has taught at Harvardand at the Institute of World Affairs atTwin Lakes, Conn. He has written articlesand done considerable research on worldaffairs.Thomas F. Ednie, '51, '53, MD '55, hiswife, and their four children recently arrived on Guam, where Mr. Ednie jsassigned as Assistant Director of BaseMedical Services at the Andersen Air ForceBase. A captain in the U. S. Air Force, hewrites: "Guam is good, and we are enjoying what promises to be an interestingcareer in the U. S. A. F."Arnold B. Hrodes, PhD '51, is an assistant editor of the "Layman's Bible Commentary, published in October by the U. S.Presbyterian's John Knox Press in Richlmond, Va. It has been described as oneof the most significant publication projectsof the denomination's history. Specificallydesigned for laymen's use, the Commentarywill be distributed over the entire English-speaking world. Negotiations are progressing for possible translations into Spanish,Portuguese, Japanese, and various Africandialects.Gerald A. Gladstein, AM'51, PhD'57, isan associate professor of psychology at theUniversity of Minnesota in Duluth, Minn.Fred A. Gitzendanner, MBA'52, of Floss-moor, 111., director of the technical-computing division of the Standard Oil Co. of Ind.,spoke before the 1960 Management Conference at the U of C on Wednesday,March 9. During the symposium, he described some of the ways in which computers have been applied to accuratelysolve in minutes problems that used to takemonths. Since he joined Standard in 1946,Mr. Gitzendanner has carried out anddirected studies in the economics of engineering operations and in new ways ofapplying mathematics to problems in thepetroleum industry. He is a member of theInstitute of Management Sciences, theAmerican Society for Engineering Education, and the American Petroleum Institute.Paul Kruger, SM'52, PhD'54, is the vicepresident and manager of the departmentof chemistry at the Nuclear Science andEngineering Corp. in Pittsburgh, Pa.A. D. Suttle, Jr., PhD '52, a senior research chemist with the Humble Oil &Refining Co.'s Research and DevelopmentDivision at Bay town, Tex., has recentlybeen issued a U. S. patent for a processusing radiation from nuclear fission toproduce valuable products such as highoctane gasoline, synthetic rubber, andplastics from petroleum fractions. Mr.Suttle was the keynote speaker at theConference on "Our Nuclear Future" inJackson, Miss., in October, and at themeeting of Boards of Directors and Trustees of Institutes of Higher Learning atMississippi State University last summer.In Jackson, he described potential fieldsof profitable research and development;he said that the nation's future would beunlimited with abundant, inexpensiveenergy, and predicted that a controlledfusion reaction capable of producing all ofthe energy needed in the U. S. would bepossible within 50 to 100 years. His subject at Mississippi State was "Peace andPeaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosives." Mr.Suttle is a member of the Atomic Industrial Forum, the American Nuclear Society,the American Physical Society, and theAmerican Chemical Society and Instituteof Radio Engineers.Omar O. Juveland, PhD'53, is now agroup leader at the Standard Oil Co. inWhiting, Ind.30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEJames R. Beerbower, PhD'54, on thefaculty of the department of geology atLafayette College in Easton, Pa., marriedHonesty Jenkins on September 4, 1959.jvlr. Beerbower was on sabbatical leaveduring the fall semester 1959-60, doingresearch in stratiography and paleontology.His book, Search for the Past: An Introduction to Paleontology, was recently published by Prentice-Hall.Morton Kaplan, '54, MS'56, of Chicago,has received* his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology in Cambridge, Mass.55-59Philip Roth, AM'55, recently receivedthe eleventh annual National Book Awardin fiction for his first book, Good-by, Columbus, consisting of a novella and fiveshort stories.Daniel William Smith, '55, is interningat Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore,Md. In July, he and his wife, Shirley, willmove to New Haven, Conn., where Dr.Smith will take a residency in psychiatry.Chesna C. Weisberg, AM'55, of Chicago,"passed the principal's exam and is awaiting assignment," while serving as a guidance counselor at Du Sable High Schoolin Chicago.Jack E. Bowsher, MBA'56, lives in Riverside, 111. ^Robert O. Byrd, PhDv56, is the authorof Quaker Ways in Foreign Policy, published by the University of Toronto Pressin February. Mr. Byrd has served invarious capacities in the fields of socialwelfare and education, and is now chairman of the department of political scienceat North Park College in Chicago. His bookis a systematic exposition of the modernQuaker's theory of international relations.Eugene Halpert, MD'56, of Brooklyn,N. Y., writes of the birth of his secondson, Andrew Paul, on February 28.Henry Jarvis, AM'56, of Smithtown,L. I., has been appointed programmingsupervisor of Radio Liberty's Far Eaststudios in Formosa. Radio Liberty, which isthe Voice of Former Soviet Citizens, alsobroadcasts to the Soviet Union from transmitting facilities in Western Europe. Mr.Jarvis left for his new assignment onMarch 15. He was first assigned to Formosa in October of 1956, when he joinedthe staff of the American Committee forLiberation as assistant station manager ofRadio Liberty. He was later assigned tothe anti-Communist network's headquartersin Munich, Germany, as assistant chiefengineer. Mr. Jarvis also worked as a translator-editor with the Institute for the Studyof the USSR, a group of former Sovietscholars and scientists in Munich whichproduces authoritative reports on Sovietdevelopments. In his new post at RadioLiberty's Far Eastern headquarters, Mr.Jarvis will supervise programs beamed tothe Soviet Union in Russian and 17 otherlanguages.Dewey R. Jones, Jr., '56, is finishingWork on his master's degree at the MexicanNational University. Amelia Polnik, PhD'56, was recentlyappointed an instructor in zoology andRobert Bruce Carroll, '59, was appointedan instructor in government at Smith College in Northampton, Mass.Harry Kaste, AM'57, after teachingEnglish at Indiana and DePaul universities,has returned to his former occupation-assistant editor at the University of ChicagoPress.Byron C. Lambert, PhD'57, has beenappointed academic dean of Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa. He assumes hisnew position in July. At present, Mr. Lambert is the chairman of the Area ofHumane Learning at Milligan College inJohnson City, Tenn.Sherwin Jeff Marks, '57, received anM. F. A. from the State University of Iowaon February 6.Carl Bangs, PhD'58, associate professorof religion and philosophy at Olivet Naza-rene College in Kankakee, 111., has beencommissioned to prepare an article for theforthcoming edition of the EncyclopediaBritannica. The article will deal with thehistory of the Church of the Nazarene.Allen Bobroff, PhD'58, was recently appointed an assistant professor of educationin The University of Michigan's School ofEducation and University Extension Service. Mr. Bobroff has been on the faculty ofthe State University of New York since1957. In his new post, he will teachcourses, counsel students and supervisestudent teachers at the Center for GraduateStudy in Grand Rapids. He is the authorof several articles, including a study of theeconomic adjustment of adults who hadformerly been in classes for the mentallyretarded.Rose Marie Chioni, AM'58, is an instructor of nursing education at the School ofNursing of the University of Pittsburgh inPittsburgh, Pa.Frank Karl King, MD'58, has been appointed a fellow in surgery in the MayoFoundation at Rochester, Minn. The MayoFoundation is a part of the GraduateSchool of the University of Minnesota.John W. Eadie, AM'59, a graduate student at the University, has been awarded atwo-year Marshall Scholarship by the British government; he is the first Universityof Chicago student to win this scholarship.Mr. Eadie, of Fort Smith, Ark., will complete his degree requirements at the University College, London, England. He ispreparing as his Ph.D. dissertation a definitive edition of the Breviarium (a shorthistory of the deeds of the Roman people),written by Rufius Festus, a Roman governmental official who lived in the 4th Century A. D.CLASS REUNIONDINNERSDINNER FRIDAY, JUNE 101910, Quadrangle Club1920, South Shore Country Club1925, University Club1935, Stagg Field1940, Quadrangle Club NOTES FROMTHE EMERITI-IIIActivities and reflections in the years sinceretirement— listing the year of retirementand department in which served.Walker Moore Alderton, 1954— FederatedTheology. Hourly the ships glide by ourfront lawn which borders the PanamaCanal. I serve the Union Church of Gam-boa, center of operations for the DredgingDivision. The congregation of NorthAmericans here includes engineers, technicians, supervisory experts, teachers, service personnel. Our diversions: trips to SouthAmerican countries; singing in severaloratorios at Balboa; watching political developments; lecturing. This May we leavefor a stay in Europe.George W. Bartelmez, 1950— Anatomy.After seven years in the Department ofEmbryology of the Carnegie Institution ofWashington we left Baltimore, for thesummers there are even worse than inChicago. The Carnegie Laboratory continues to finance my visits for work on theembryological collection. West of theDivide in Montana (we now live in Missoula) the air is pure, the water comesfrom the snowclad mountains and theclimate is perfect. Montana State University provides me with a laboratory where Ican work when the spirit dictates it.Edgar J. Goodspeed, 1936-Biblical andPatristic Greek. I began my retirementby lecturing to Freshmen at Scripps College once a week for a year. For someyears I also taught a two-hour course atUCLA— till I was seventy, when Cal. retired me, at their Fiftieth Commencement,with an LL.D.! A few years later at Provost Dykstra's invitation, I resumed teaching in the summer session— until I waseighty, when I gracefully retired! I continue to lecture; also gave two long serieson the air. Yale at its 250 commencementgave me a D.D.Since retirement from Chicago, I havepublished twenty new books, some ofwhich have been translated into Spanish,Portuguese, Japanese and Korean— someinto paper-backs! And I have found a fewNew Testament manuscripts, Greek, Ethio-pic, etc. and secured them for the University library.Who was it said life begins at retirement?Margaret Rickert, 1953— Art. They havebeen busy years since retirement: two ofthem (1953-55) spent abroad finishingmy Penguin History of Art volume, Painting in Britain: the Middle Ages; three years(1957-60) again teaching medieval art inthe University of Chicago. A final visit toEurope projected for autumn, 1960 to complete preparation of material for a long-planned book on 15th century Englishmanuscript illumination. Then— real retirement, perhaps in Florida where I spentwinter quarter. 1960.May, i960 31AAetnorta/Franklin T. Brenner, MD'95, of Quincy,111., died on October 1.John M. Womeldorf, MD'97, of Bell,Calif., died on November 30.Charles T. Wyckoff, PhD'97, of LosAngeles, Calif., died in November.Curtiss N. Jameson, MD'02, of Rochester,N. Y., died on August 22, 1959.Mabel Kate Whiteside, '02, AM'15,PhD'32, professor of Greek emeritus atRandolph-Macon Woman's College, whereshe taught for 50 years, died on March 1in Virginia.William Woodrow Martin, '04, AM'22,of Greensboro, N. C, died on June 7, 1959.George Winchester, '04, PhD'07, ofHighland Park, N. J., died on February 14.Arrie Bamberger, '07, MD'09, of Chicago, died on March 13.Paul M. O'Donnell, '07, JD'09, retiredpostmaster of Evanston, 111., died recentlyin a Chicago hospital. Mr. O'Donnell practiced law in Chicago for 40 years beforehis postal appointment.William Fredric Rothenburger, '07, diedon September 17.Wallace Craig, PhD'08, of Cambridge,Mass., died in Bourne, Mass., on April 25,1954.Charles R. Wolford, '08, of Greenwich,Ohio, died in 1951.Robert E. Cavanaugh, AM'09, died onMarch 5 at the age of 78. Mr. Cavanaughhad been the head of the Extension Division of Indiana University for 25 years.Daniel J. Glomset, '10, MD'll, died inDes Moines, Iowa, on March 12. Dr.Glomset, a surgeon and cardiac specialist,whose wife, Anna Glerum Glomset, '10,ran a pathological laboratory in DesMoines, retired to Santa Barbara, Calif.,in 1952, but recently returned to DesMoines. His son, Daniel A. Glomset, '35,MD'38, practices medicine in Des Moinesand specializes in gastro-intestinal diseases.The late Dr. Glomset, having served as asurgeon during World War I, had beentouched by the many young persons hesaw mutilated in the war; during his lateryears, he devoted much time to work withworld peace organizations.Clarence A. Johnson, MD'10, of LosAngeles, Calif., died on August 27, 1959. .John M. Kuehne, PhD' 10, of Austin,Tex., died on February 15.Edna Mabel Allen, '11, AM '14, diedon January 18.Roscoe C. Main, MD'12, of Santa Barbara, Calif., died on November 28.Edward W. Russell, '12, of Washington,D. C, died on February 26.Arthur A. Smith, MD'12, of Hastings,Nebr., died on October 13, 1959.Ruth C. Becker, '14, died on December20, 1959. George S. Bryan, PhD'14, of Madison,Wise, died on March 5, 1958.Vivian E. Hill, AM' 14, of Conway, Ark.,died on April 17, 1956.Florence Gridley Knight, '15, died onNovember 24 in Chicago.Bertha E. Martin, PhD'15, professoremeritus and retired chairman of the department of biology at Shorter College inRome, Ga., died on March 4.Mabelle M. Miller, '15, of Kansas City,Mo., died in March.Paul James Preston, MD'15, of Minneapolis, Minn., died on December 29.Charles Weldon Tomlinson, PhD' 16, apetroleum geologist of Ardmore, Okla.,died on April 3. Mr. Tomlinson had livedin Ardmore for 30 years. His philanthropiccontributions to the city have been many,and for the most part anonymous. He hadbeen listed in Who's Who in America since1916 for both his contributions to societyand to the oil business. Mr. Tomlinsonwas a past national president of theAmerican Assn. of Petroleum Geologists,and a member of the Geological Soc. ofAmerica, the American Institute of MiningEngineers, the American Petroleum Institute and numerous other societies.James H. Vetter, MD'16, of Rockford,111., died on September 3.Arthur S. Bristow, MD'17, of Princeton,Mo., died on October 15.Michael H. Ebert, MD'17, retired professor of dermatology at the University ofIllinois and a past president of the American Academy of Dermatology, died onMarch 12 while on vacation in Miami, Fla.Donald H. O'Rourke, MD'17, of Denver,Colo., died recently.James M. L. Cooley, AM'18, of Faribault, Minn., died last July 11.Albert Butterman, '20, MD'21, of Chicago, died on November 16.Karl Marx Hassler, '21, of Altadena,Calif., died on January 9.Alfred H. Swan, MD '21, died on November 3 in Pearl Blossom, Calif.Edward L. Turner, '22, SM'23, of Glenview, 111., died on February 4.Kenneth Curtis, '23, died on March 7in Winter Haven, Fla.Henry T. Shanks, AM'23, of Birmingham, Ala., died on December 16.Jeannette Triplett Jones, '24, of Chicago,died on February 1.Ralph H. Scull, '24, MD'29, of Chicago,died on December 16.Aaron L. Stein, '24, of Chicago, diedrecently.Mary C. Gillies, '25, of Evanston, 111.,died recently.Nellie Hart Crandall, '26, of Santa Ana,Calif., died in April.Roy M. Hohman, '26, MD'31, of Chicago, died on December 23.Ralph G. Whitman, MD'26, of Oak Park,111., died on November 12.Sylvan H. Robertson, '27, MD'33, ofHighland Park, 111., died on December 7.Louise Clayton, AM'28, of Conway, Ark.,died on January 29.Arnold Johnson, '28, owner of the Kansas City Athletics baseball team, died inMarch in West Palm Beach, Fla. Mr.Johnson and his associates bought thePhiladelphia Athletics from Connie Mack and his family in the fall of 1954 andmoved the club to Kansas City, where ithas operated for the last five years.James T. Allen, AM '29, died on May 11959 in Falls Church, Va.Winifred E. Gordon, '30, of IndianolaIowa, died on January 30.Frances Jelinek, '32, who taught for 52years at one Milwaukee, Wise, gradeschool and who was one of that city's outstanding spokesmen for teacher welfaredied on January 23. Miss Jelinek retiredin 1954 at the age of 70.Albert H. Miller, Sr., '32, diecTon July30 in Oak Park, 111., at the age of 95.Paul E. Ross, '32, MD '37, of EastMoline, 111., died on April 13, 1959.Theodore Rosenberg, MD'32, of NewYork, N. Y., died on December 28.Charlotte Weinreb, '32, of Tucson, Ariz.,died on January 29.James G. Stubblebine, '33, MD'36, diedon October 27 in California.Lynnie R. Smith, AM'39, of Washington,D. C, died last July.Your matching giftIf you are employed by a firmwith a "matching gift" programyour contribution to the AlumniFund will do double duty. E.g.,You can join the Century Club($100 or more) for only $50.Secure the proper form fromyour company office and mail withyour check (to the University ofChicago) toThe Alumni Association5733 University Ave., Chicago 37POND LETTER SERVICE, Inc.Everything in LettersHooven Typewriting MimeographingMultigraphing AddressingAddressograph Service MailingHighest Quality Service Minimum PricesAll Phones: 219 W. Chicago AvenueMl 2-8883 Chicago 10, IllinoisSince 7878HANNIBAL, INC.FurnitureUpholsteringAntiques Repairing• RefinishingRestored1919 N. 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