MARCH 1955MUSIC ON THE MIDWAYPage 4Farm -fresh to you.. .How a remarkable plastic helps bring fresher food to your tableA WONDERFULLY useful plastic called polyethylene* isnow giving a new kind of protection to food that is onits way to your kitchen.WHEN FOOD IS PACKED in thin, strong bags ofpolyethylene, it is able to "breathe," and yet not dryout. Because polyethylene has this peculiar advantage,apples, carrots, and other fruits and vegetables— as wellas poultry and meat products— can reach your tablemore nearly farm-fresh than ever.POLYETHYLENE IS ONLY ONE of a number of plastics produced by the people of Union Carbide to helpbring foods to you in prime condition. Some of theseplastics coat cardboard for milk cartons and frozenfood packages, while others line the tins for cannedfoods and beverages. SCIENCE "SETS A GOOD TABLE" These and othermaterials produced by UCC help protect food whilegrowing, in storage, during preparation, when packaged for your use, and when stored in your pantry orrefrigerator. This protection helps provide a morehealthful diet for all Americans.STUDENTS AND STUDENT ADVISERS: Learn more about careeropportunities with Union Carbide in Alloys, Carbons, Chemicals,Gases, and Plastics. Write for booklet A-2.*Pronounced pol'y-eth'i-lenUnion CarbideAND CARBON CORPORATION30 EAST 42ND STREET [JJjj NEW YORK 17, N. Y.In Canada: Union Carbide Canada Limited UCCs Trade-marked Products include — BAKELITE, Vinylite, and Khene Plastics Dynel Textile Fibers Pyrofax Gas ACHESON Electrodes LiNDE OxygenEVEREADY Flashlights and Batteries UNION Carbide LiNDE Silicones PRESTONE Anti-Freeze NATIONAL CarbonsSynthetic Organic Chemicals Electromet Alloys and Metals Haynes Stellite Alloys Prest-0-Lite Acetylenervlemo J-^clcLf ACULTY, ALUMNI, and students inthe University community take theirpolitics seriously.If two or more alumni run for thesame office and the Magazine decidesit is newsworthy to announce their candidacies, there are two rules to follow:1) neutrality; and 2) word count balance.I'm sorry to report that Rule 2 was notproperly applied on Page 15 of the February issue: "Seven- way Scramble forMerriam's Job." As a result, Rule 1suffered. Actually, the article was written against a critical press deadline.Attempts were made to get more material on Despres but we were not successful on such short notice. Babette S.Brody, '28, comes to a partial rescue:Fie on you for political bias! Whatfsthe idea of burying hen Despres on thebottom of Page 15 and allotting him25 lines to 39 for Mrs. Morgenstern and44 to Mr. Matchett?Ifs quality of reporting too, as wellas quantity. Seems to me his activitieson behalf of the American Civil LibertiesUnion as well as his chairmanship ofI.V.I. [Independent Voters of Illinois]were worthy of mention.Nice article on Bob Merriam. I can'tcomment yet on the rest. The Magazineonly came an hour ago. Immodest horn blowingT ORMER EDITOR Laura Bergquist,who shot the Magazine to national prominence in 1951, moved on to Pageant before we were voted the magazine-of-the-year award in 1952. From senior editorof Pageant Laura has now moved to theeditorial staff of Look.Her quick note following the Januaryissue: ... I think the Mag's new formatis sensational. It looks better and better.Was doing a story at [another university'] the other day and they mentionedit with awe.John D. McKee, AM '35, alumni director of The College of Wooster (Ohio)and editor of the impressive WoosterAlumni Bulletin wrote:The new cover series is superb and youare to be congratulated. The story onFermi [February] is well done and theportrait of him a most inspiring picture.Never saw a better. [Lewellyn is topsin portraits.] Also I liked the story ofCompton and Fermi — it sounded so muchlike both of them . . .And from Russell A. Strong, editor ofthe readable Western Michigan CollegeNews Magazine:I have just read your February magazine and find it most interesting. I certainly like the new format you are usingon your cover. It is, I think, quite animprovement over the previous one . . .As I have been in the habit of tearingyour magazine to pieces to distribute tofriends of mine who appreciate the various articles, I wonder if you could sendme another copy of the February issue.Congratulations on a good job!The design on the right was considered for our new cover. It was rejectedbecause of its similarity to the Chicago magazine cover on the left.The figure on Chicago's cover is Eve, from the west wall of Bond Chapel. ALAN D. WHITNEY, 13, Winnetka investment advisor, famed for his readywit, couldn't get past Page 16 in theFebruary issue until he had done threestanzas on the first two "washed-up"heads: "Commons' Face Wash," and"Wash Prom Time." After commentingon never the twain had met he closedwith:Wash Common's face and Wash PromplansAnd wash the campus clean!But never try to wash our brainsWith words that two things mean!The mysterious RevelsX HE LAST of January I sat in on thecast reading of the 1955 Faculty Revels— to be produced March 4-5 for Quadrangle Club members. I was there asyour representative looking towardSpring Reunion, June 1-4.This revue is always top secret untilopening night. But, because I have everyreason to believe that the faculty willrepeat the show for you in June, youmay be interested in these related facts:James Cate (History) has written theshow (his third) and Jim is at his funniest best in this one. The title is "You-You in Tea" which won't mean a thinguntil you see the show. Except, I canreveal that the first announcement tomembers has two cowboys in gun-equipped chaps, wearing mortarboards,and lassoing a text book and a diploma.Chancellor Kimpton . . . no, I guessthat's part of the mystery.Watch for the Revels on your JuneReunion program.One blue noteM.Y GOOD FRIEND Merritt W. Parkinson, '29 who routes tons of printedmaterial through the presses for theAmerican School at Drexel and 58th (thelargest high school by correspondenceorganization in the country), stopped mein the Quadrangle Club the other day.With a twinkle in his eye he sounded thefirst discord in cover reaction: "I don'tlike it!"It develops that Parkinson subscribesfor both the Magazine and the newmonthly which started in Chicago lastyear: Chicago. There is confusion on theParkinson reading table because heclaims the covers are too similar. Seeillustration.Jeannette LowreyJ EANETTE LOWREY, Director of PressRelations, died January 12 after a six-month illness. For more than a decadeshe had given the University and thenation's press 24-hour service.Many of you will remember her atcampus reunions tactfully and efficientlyarranging pictures for the press photographers. She was a good will ambassador whom we shall miss.H.W.M.MARCH, 1955 1It's all right...there's a telephoneright here, too"The man who has a telephone athis elbow in the office appreciatesthe same convenience in his home.He knows that running downstairs or from room to room totelephone is an unnecessary wasteof time and energy . . . when additional telephones, convenientlyplaced, cost so little.Great thing for Mother, too. Fortelephones in the kitchen and bedroom will save her many steps.And give her greater peace ofmind, especially at night when shemay be at home alone.All of this convenience — andsafety too — can be yours at smallcost for each additional telephone.Just call the business office of yourlocal Bell telephone company.Bell Telephone SystemSERVICE THAT'S WORTH SO MUCH. ..COSTS SO LITTLETHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESnZJkU JteueSOMETIMES, as members of the University community, we tend to forgethow many and varied are the opportunities we have for direct enjoymentof cultural activities. We knew, for instance, that there was lots of music going on around us. Even so, we wereimpressed at the number of people wefound engaged in musical activities —both as listeners and performers — oncewe began making inquiries for "Musicon the Midway" which begins on Page 4.We have space enough to mention onlya few. Perhaps in a future issue we cantell you about others, like the group ofstudents who held a party to celebrateMozart's birthday.Grosvenor W. Cooper, the author ofour article, is a pretty good example ofhow our music lovers operate. He andMrs. Cooper hold many "at home" musical evenings, in which they and theirfriends participate. Benjy, 8, takes pianolessons and Chris, 6, is getting acquaintedwith a brand new pint-sized violin.1 HERE HAS BEEN much concern lately about whether we are becoming anation of people who fear non-conform-ism because we fear disapproval. EdgarZ. Friedenberg discusses this fear, andexpresses his views on what adult education must do about it, in "Are WeAfraid to Fail?" on Page 11.E DUCATIONAL television is currentlygoing through its birth pangs. For adelightful account of how one programhas come through this fateful moment,read Maurice Crane's article, "LiteratureUnbound," on Page 15.IALMER WATSON PINNEY is a formidable name for anyone to carryaround, let alone a sports editor. TheMaroon's current scribe, a resourcefulyoung man, has met the problem byacquiring the nickname "Spike." Hisquietly amusing remarks on collegewrestling begin on Page 17.-Ferdinand schevill was one ofPresident William Rainey Harper's earliest faculty members, and is rememberedby hundreds of students as an excellentteacher and a wonderful man. On Page23 we bring you remarks of two of hisassociates, Arthur P. Scott and JamesLea Cate, who honored his memory atservices in Rockefeller Chapel recently. UNIVERSITYMAGAZINE MARCH, 1955Volume 47, Number 6FEATURES4II1517192223 Music On The MidwayAre We Afraid To Fail?Literature UnboundEvery Man A TigerNever Underestimate The Power OfPlan Arts FestivalFerdinand Schevill, A Memorial Grosvenor W. CooperEdgar Z. FriedenbergMaurice CraneSpike PinneyScott, CateDEPARTMENTSI Memo Pad3 In This Issue28 Books — Readers' Guide30 Class News40 MemorialsCOVERRichard Vikstrom's vigorous direction of Collegium Musicum highlights strength of musical activity and interest on the campus.Collegium Musicum group helps satisfy need for live music inwhich both the University and the community partake.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, IllinoisExecutive EditorEditorManaging EditorAdvertising ManagerStaff PhotographerFoundation SecretaryField Secretary HOWARD W. MORTFELICIA ANTHENELLIAUDREY NEFF PROBSTSHELDON W. SAMUELSSTEPHEN LEWELLYNWILLIAM H. SWANBERGDEAN TYLER JENKSPublished monthly, October through June, by The University of Chicago Alumni Association,5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, Illinois. Annual subscription price, $4.00. Single copies,25 cents. Entered as second class matter December I, 1934, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois,under the act of March 3, 1879. Advertising agent: The American Alumni Council, B. A. Ross,director, 22 Washington Square, New York, N. Y.MARCH, 1955 3By Grosvenor W. CooperChairman, Department of MusicMusic On The MidCollegiate Sinfonietta attracts students, faculty, and alumniinterested in playing chamber music. Dieter Kober conducts.w.HAT IS THE musical situation on our campustoday? My answer may seem at the start to be a coldrecital of facts, but you will shortly find it movingunabashedly into the realm of bare-faced propaganda,for this article is really about an attitude.One thing may be said without reserve: there is muchlive music here. It is good live music, and there iseagerness for more of it. There are several active groupsand clubs, of which the most firmly established are theRockefeller Chapel Choir, Collegium Musicum, the GleeClub, the Musical Society and the University Concerts.With the exception of sports, there is probably noarea of student extra-curricular life which attracts moreinterest and activity than the field of music. In additionto the more established musical organizations, themusically-minded student is offered a range from jazzclubs and Bach Singers to folk song wing-dings andfraternity phonograph concerts.To our great good fortune, there is no administrativesuperstructure on campus which controls everythingmusical with some rigid theoretical scheme in mind. Yet,there is a distinct cohesiveness among the musicians oncampus which derives from a strong idea strongly heldin common: that the only true access to music lies inthe most direct possible experience of it through liveperformance.One might then suggest that the best thing to dowould be simply to go ahead and perform. But there arequestions: perform what? perform how? and the moredifficult one, perform for what kind of audience? Thesequestions bear not only upon our parochial musical life,but also upon present-day musical problems in general.What should be performed? Were we living two hundred years ago, this question would be fairly easy toanswer. Perform, preferably, whatever is hot off thegriddle. It is difficult for us to put ourselves in imagination back into an atmosphere in which novelty was considered highly desirable in music, and in which veryfew works were treated as established masterpieces. Twohundred years ago, it was not so much a different kindof musical experience that was sought after as it wassimply a different work. A different kind of experience,a genuine novelty, has hardly ever been received withimmediate warmth.But during the last two hundred years a genuine,though quiet, revolution has taken place in Westernmusical life. The most prominent facets of this revolutionare these: the idea of the musical masterpiece as one of aset of pieces constituting a "standard repertory," and asense of history in which diverse styles — and, consequently, diverse kinds of musical experience — are heldto be equally valid and important. As a result, any sensitive and knowing member of a modern audience has inmind a group of classics which are friends tried and true,and with which he is driven to compare any work notyet accepted into the canon. He is compelled to learnto understand many musical languages, several of whichmay confront him on any one program, and to give dueweight to each. In addition, he is faced with the constantproblem in the history of all the arts— the problem ofgenuine novelty.Collegium Musicum members follow RichardVikstrom's baton in rehearsal for Mandel Hall performance. Group of about 40, including alumni,schedules symphony concerts during the school year./ /t.fAiJ «*#,// /Carillonneur James R. Lawson (left) at the keyboard of theRockefeller Tower carillon. . The playing room is halfway up Rockefeller Tower, and it takes Lawson ten minutes of steady climbingup a narrow, spiral staircase to reach it every day. The 72-bellcarrillon is the second largest in the world. Shown above is themusic to a new composition for carillon, written last year byKamiel Lefevere, carrillonneur of the Riverside Church in NewYork, to commemmorate the 25th anniversary of the dedication ofRockefeller Chapel.In this situation, the only morally defensible answerto the question of what to perform is: perform anythingfrom the past you believe to be good of its kind; performeverything from the present that gives you even theslightest hint of promise for the future.This sweeping statement implies an attitude for performing musicians in general, and for those on our campus in particular. Even more, it implies a direct orderto the musical scholar: continue to uncover the musicof the past through your own studies and through training your students in the methods and the goals of historical research and in the art of criticism; continue tohave faith in the future through training your studentsin whatever is teachable of the art of composition.Perform how? Although the system of musical notation in use at present is reasonably precise in manyrespects, and although the composer is at liberty to uselanguage as a supplement to it, that notation does notby any means reflect with complete fidelity the musicas its originator conceived and heard it in his auralimagination. Music is like drama in this respect. Furthermore, systems- of musical notation have changed considerably throughout the course of history, and there areseveral such systems which the present-day musiciancannot read; they have to be transcribed into our modernnotation to enable him to do so.But each system of notation reflects a different conception of how one should perform it. This is especiallyimportant with respect to rhythm. Indeed, it is not somuch transcription as it is translation that is required.Then one must take into account the history of normalmethods of performance, even down to the question ofhow, in the most intimate way, a mere single tone shouldsound in a given historical situation. For example, if weagain project ourselves two hundred years into the past,we find that the normal sound of a stringed instrument,such as the violin, is lacking in that tremulous variationof pitch called vibrato, and that vibrato is reserved forspecial effects; whereas today, just the opposite is the^case. The problems brought about by considerations such asthese are particularly bothersome to the musical scholar.He must try his best to discover, by both internal andexternal evidence, how a given piece was supposed tosound in its day. Also, he faces the ticklish matter ofhow "authentic" a performance can be without offendingpresent-day taste to such an extent as to distract thelistener from the music by forcing on his attention matters which are best considered external to the musicalessence. A good performance of an older work mightwell be defined as an imaginative re-hearing of the pastthrough the ears of the present. To deny that there areears of the present is to become musically embalmed.Nevertheless, it must always be remembered that wecannot re-hear the past, no matter how good our presentears, if we do not have some notion of how the pastears heard.And now we are directly up against the problem ofthe audience. What kind of an audience do we facein America today?We are told on every hand that the phonograph andthe radio are spreading the appreciation of music allover our country by increasing the size of the audience.It is true that more sound is reaching more people. Butan audience is no mere collection of auditory apparatus.Any good performing musician will tell you that one ofthe most vital elements in his making of music is theintangible force of the give-and-take between him andthe audience and among the individual members themselves of the audience, a force usually called "response,"of which applause is but a by-product.The main quality of an affecting performance is anattitude of listening on the part of everyone concerned.The members of the audience and the performer togetherlisten to the music. The minute the performer is not alistener, he is lost; and the minute the audience listensto the performer rather than to the music, the musicflies out the window. It is the need for the feeling ofmutual response to the music that is doubtless the main6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEFolksong Society holds "Wing Ding" in Cloister Club atIda Noyes Hall. Guitar and banjo-playing members settempo for "The Midnight Special."Ida Noyes Library provides informal setting forMusical Society's chamber music recitals. Soloistsand small ensembles are featured. Leland Smith,group's adviser, here accompanies Patricia Peterson, soprano. Chapel organist, Heinrich Fleischer,maintains a busy schedule on bothRockefeller and Bond Chapel organs.He plays for regular religious servicesand gives special organ recitals.(Photos by Lewellyn)The University Glee Club, one of many singinggroups, rehearses under the direction of PeterGram Swing. Highlight of winter schedule wasprogram of Christmas music in Bond Chapel.A rejuvenated band provides spirited support atbasketball games. Group must get along withoutboom of famed Big Bertha drum, now in retirement.GrossmanTerry Sawyier is a member of the Lab School'sFifth Grade Orchestra. Fourth Graders recentlystarted learning to play recorders.reason for inviting a studio audience to a broadcast. Theproblem is far more acute in the field of recording.Every performance, no mattsr how excellent the technical and mental equipment of the artist, runs the dangerof containing a few errors — wrong notes, or tones of inferior quality, perhaps. Indeed, a performance is almostalways an imperfect realization of intention. But a listenerwith any common sense and with any real sensitivity tomusic readily ignores such slips (provided, of course,they are not of constant occurrence). That is, if he islistening to the music through the medium of the performance. But see what happens to the performer whenhe makes a recording. Not only must he ordinarily getalong without an audience, he is also forced to becomehyper-sensitive to minor errors. For he is not givinga performance, but, so to speak, the performance, onethat is to be repeated over and over again. What thelistener can willingly overlook as a temporary weaknessof flesh in a live concert, takes on the irritating quality,when "canned," of an unwillingness of spirit.Records are invaluable as reminders of music we haveheard, and as promises of music we have yet to hear.They are excellent as aids to teaching and they provide us with a far wider repertory than we can ever meetwith in the flesh. We would not do without them. Butwe must never forget that they are shadow, not substance.Phonographs and radios can be turned on or off at a whim. Live music demands far more from an audience.Many an audience is too "sophisticated" (that is, toofrightened) to play its proper part in listening. But theaudience on our campus is extraordinarily responsive.It contains, to be sure, a few unregenerate and rathervocal highbrows, but they have no appreciable effect onthe majority of those who go to concerts. (They may determany of those who do not go, however.) In the last fewyears, for example, there has not been a single artistin the series of University Concerts who has not spokenwith enthusiasm of the Mandel Hall audience. And ourvarious performing groups and societies all have theirdevoted and sympathetic listeners.This is no Garden of Eden, however. The sterility offashionable attitudes — which have their origin in thefear of not being thought altogether bright — has been aconstant threat throughout history. Probably it willalways be a threat to any genuine and fearless judgment.Any campus is bound to have some of it. Manifestly, totry to combat it by precept would be fatal. Habits ofmind and spirit are taught by example.We begin in the College, where one third of the first-year course in Humanities I is devoted to the study ofmusic. Students particularly interested in music have theopportunity to elect the "music variant" of the third-yearcourse in Humanities.Rockefeller Chapel choir, directed by Vikstrom, goesthrough rehearsal paces before Sunday morning service.B- • \n~^CTsTW iwl ' L/7- k 11¦BBKI»giJ/ i 3fl S^. fl W — ll ¦KM ^^8*5 Kr*^fci Hi p^m ^V•3" " ' J*' *8&1jMARCH, 1955 9The New Music Quartet, one of many chamber musicgroups which visit campus each year, seen from the rear ofMandel Hall. Music Department sponsors concert seriesto bring distinguished professionals to quadrangles.In Humanities I, the student is occupied with individual works; he is encouraged to examine his responseto each of these works in terms of those of its features —many of them technical — which evoked that response.Oral discussions in the class room and brief written assignments prepared outside are both used to further thisexamination. Our purpose is so to involve the student inthe music itself as an experience that he will be readyto join the ranks of sensitive and informed lovers ofmusic. Unfortunately, we have to rely in Humanities Ialmost entirely upon recorded performances. We encourage the student to subscribe to the University Concerts (by making him a special price of fifty cents perconcert), in order to be sure that he experiences thepeculiar excitement of live music. If all, or almost all, thestudents attended these concerts, our problems would begreatly simplified, for discussion would be on a moresolid basis. At present, approximately half attend. It ismost difficult, probably because of the famous availabilityof music through radio and phonograph, to convince persons who have not been brought up with live music thatthey are not really in contact with the actual experienceof music when they take it canned. For example, we triedlast fall to start, within Humanities I, a choral study groupwhich would devote itself to understanding music throughsinging, which is the most intimate means of feelingmusic, and one open to virtually every person. Our attempt was a failure. We shall have to try again. Forthe person who sits back and, in effect, says to therecorded performance, "Entertain me; convince me (andbe sure you are flawless!)" is not the sort of person whois readily transformed by some effortless magic into areal listener to real music. He is, however, easy forsomeone else to make into a snob. We must again andagain try to make him put forth his own efforts.There are no ranks in the world of music more important than those of the sensitive and informed loversof music. We would welcome as majors in the MuiSicDepartment those students who have no musical ambi tions beyond the primary one of every lover of music,within and without the profession: the sharpest, the mostsatisfying and intelligent hearing possible to him. It isa pleasure to be able to say that all but one of thenew students in the Music Department are involved inmusical activities on our campus, as are most of theold ones. This fact is part of the reason that we arehopeful for our future. And several of these new studentscame to us through the splendid efforts of the Committeeto Visit the Humanities Division, many members of whichgave a great deal of time and thought, not to mentionmoney, to the setting-up of scholarships specifically forthe study of music. We are grateful for these efforts,because they are so clearly bringing results in the formof increased musical activity. Indeed, the facilities wecan offer our students for practicing are at presentstrained to the limit, and should the number of ourstudents increase (and who would be against that?), wecould not under our present circumstances offer themthe opportunities they would need.Most of our graduate students in music plan to go intocollege and university teaching and research; some particularly gifted ones may become composers. We hopeto be able to do more in the near future for thosemuch-needed persons who wish to devote their livesto the teaching of music in the public schools. We alsobelieve that the resources of our campus could make ita peculiarly suitable center for the training of churchmusicians, especially because the groups which performin Rockefeller Chapel and in Bond Chapel would bean ideal laboratory as well as a means of gentle persuasion towards higher standards in the quality of the religious repertory. But whatever a student's plans forthe future, they will come to no good end if he is notinvolved, in every way within his powers, with the directexperience of music.It is at this important point that all our musical activities, both practical and academic, come together.10 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAre WeAfraid to Fail?By Edgar Z. Friedenberg, Ph.D., '46kJINCE THE ENDS of liberal education have been defined by competent scholars and philosophers fromPlato on — there were even earlierformulations, naturally, but Plato's isprobably the oldest house which isstill in operation — I shall try, in thisarticle, to state and explore only thosepurposes which I believe to be especially important to adult education,and especially difficult to achieveunder the conditions in which mostAmericans must live today.I should like to acknowledge at theoutset my debt to the work of DavidRiesman, of W. L. Whyte and theEditors of Fortune, and of Ortega;without the concepts I have takenfrom them I could not even have begun to analyze these problems.One can, to be sure, identify manysuch ends of education but I think Ican say all that I really have to sayin discussing only three. And it seemswise to begin with the oldest and mostuniversally accepted end of liberaleducation, in connection with whichpeculiar and frightening modernproblems have arisen. This is the purpose from which "liberal" educationtakes its name: that of teaching menthe value of freedom and helpingthem become competent to use it.We have become so accustomed tohear that freedom is endangered, andto the use of this platitude by pompous persons for rather fraudulentpurposes, that even our knowledgethat it remains a true and important statement hardly offsets our distastefor having to go into it again. I bringit up here because it has seemed tome that most discussions of educationfor freedom in America which I haveseen depended on a false assumption,which, in so important a matter, Ishould like to examine for the sake ofclarity.This assumption is that we Americans are for the most part a freedom-loving people. If we are, it followsEdgar Z. Friedenberg, PhD '46, isan assistant professor of educationat Brooklyn College. From hisgraduation in 1946 until 1953 heserved on the faculty at the University, as assistant professor inthe Division of the Social Sciences,and in the Examiner's Office. In1953 he took an eight months' leaveof absence to act as a consultantto Brooklyn College in evaluatingits curriculum under a Ford Foundation grant, and accepted their invitation to stay on. He teaches inboth the social and physical sciencecourses in the freshman program.With Julius A. Roth he is theauthor of Self-Perception in theUniversity; A Study in Successand Failure.This article is reprinted fromAdult Leadership, monthly publication of the Adult Education Association of the U.S.A.Illustrations are from decorationson Rockefeller Chapel. that the problem of education forfreedom is a technical problem only— a problem of means, not of ends — aproblem of "know-how." Educationfor freedom becomes a question ofremoving technical obstacles whichprevent people from knowing whatthey are doing; of giving them thefacts and teaching them a certain informal logic — "how to think straight."It is certainly necessary that peoplehave access to the facts, and in a culture in which one quite commonlyfinds all the newspapers and most ofthe radio stations in an entire cityowned and controlled by one or twosmall corporations dedicated to economic, political, and aesthetic orthodoxy, it is certainly difficult to getthem. But this still is not enough.We know that it is not, because weso often react to a violation of liberty,not by defending it, but by much morecomplex behavior, even when wehave most of the facts. It is thereforeclear that the choice not to defendliberty might jeopardize.Whether one takes the attacks ofSenator McCarthy on public servantsduring the past few years, the wrecking of homes of the first Negro families to move into white neighborhoods,or the firing of an internationallyrespected scholar from a Universitypresidency for undue sympathy withUNESCO, one finds a similar patternin the public reaction. The facts arenot suppressed; there is full coverage.A number of people object at once,MARCH, 1955 11and at some risk to themselves. Anapparently larger number, but still aminority, enjoy the plight of the victims, attack with intense rage thosewho object, and effectively supporttheir assailants.But the plurality — the presumedordinary, decent citizens — usuallyreact, not with indignation, but withanxiety. Their first concern is thatthey may in turn be called communist, a security risk, or merely "confused" and "ill-advised," and they aremore frightened of losing their jobsor their status than their liberty.Later, the decent thing is very oftendone. The Watkins committee recommends censure; the Supreme Courtgradually but firmly brings segregation to an end in one area of lifeafter another. We do, it seems, preferdecency in human affairs. But we goThomas a Kempis about providing it rather in the waya loving mother makes up to her children for the beatings of a brutalfather whom she never really tries torestrain at the time.There is nothing more importantthat liberal education can do foradults than to foster effective love offreedom among them. In so doing, itmust certainly work primarily withthis plurality of the decent, for thosewho love freedom already present noproblem, and those who hate it do noteven present themselves; they regardboth freedom and education as stigmata of the egghead and keep wellout of range of book-learning. Liberal education can do a good deal toabate the anxiety of decent men.Later, I will try to explain just whatI think it might do.The second purpose of liberal education I would like to examine is thatof helping people respond appropriately to the difference between theobjective and the subjective; betweenthe events in which they participateand their feelings about them. Wehave fallen into some rather curiousabuses in this matter; largely, I think,through overcompensation. In ourefforts to be scientific, we have begunto treat feeling as if it were misleading, unreal, and deceptive.Had I couched my complaint inconverse terms — namely, that peopletreat subjective aspects of experienceas if they were objective, attributingtheir own problems and defects to theuniverse — it would have been muchmore familiar, and easier to understand. This, after all, is what thescientific method has been combating,with increasing technical effectiveness, since Bacon and Galileo. In thenatural sciences, the problem hasbeen licked; scientists can and dodesign experiments in which whatthey see is very little influenced bywhat they would prefer to see. In thesocial sciences it has proved harderto do this, but not so much becausepeople tend to be more biased aboutsocial problems as because the samerigor of distinction between the subjective and the objective is not appropriate. Social scientists have becomequite adept at setting up research insuch a way that their findings are notmuch affected by values and feeling.But when they do, it usually turns outthat the questions which the researchcan still answer were not worth asking.Twenty years ago, 'psychologistswere largely quite convinced that.memory should be studied by havingtheir laboratory » subjects memorizenonsense syllables, so that the purity of memory as a subject of experimental enquiry would not be distorted by private associations whichindividuals have to certain words;they sought to control the extra andirrelevant ease with which proud newowners of the model A might recallthe word "car" by substituting thesyllable "rae." In consequence, theyfound out little or nothing about howpeople really remember, since we onlyremember what we think matters.We make a great deal of serioustrouble when we assume that we aremost penetratingly accurate in ourperceptions when we are most coldlydetached. This is not true, and itwould have been difficult seven hundred years ago to find a peasant soignorant or stupid as to think it couldbe. However, we have been somewhatbewitched by the undoubted value ofdetachment in the initial stages of ascientific investigation, when datamust be gathered, and act as if anequally uncompromising repudiationof subjective impressions and emotional processes were equally usefullater, in the very different tack of figuring out what the data mean in relation to the rest of life. We then setabout depriving ourselves of the useof the perceptive and intuitive faculties, within ourselves or as contributedby other individuals, by which — andby which alone — we might have hopedto understand what we know. This isthe most frightening aspect of themassive insult — I use the phrase"massive insult" in its precise, surgical sense and mean no less by it —which our government offered RobertOppenheimer.Science is so constructed as to beself-correcting, and psychoanalyticresearch has established, as objectively as you please, the extreme importance of emotion in cognition. Weknow that in an all-out fight betweenfeeling and perception, feeling alwayswins; perception is possible only ifthe conflict can be somewhat resolved. Force a man to look at whathe will not see, and he knows quitewell what he must do although hecould not say so; he goes blind. Butpsychoanalytic evidence has for thisvery reason increased our fear of thesubjective; we are now aware thatthe power of our feelings over ourminds can be utterly overwhelming,but we are not unaware that our feelings are a port of our minds and themost important and effective part.Certainly, it is necessary to distinguish what goes on inside from whatgoes on outside; otherwise one is anything from a fool to a psychotic. Butthe purpose of this distinction is notto free our perception of externalTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEreality from inside interference; it isto free our total selves to participatein reality and understand what itmeans to human beings who are partof it. A liberally educated adult isable to include his feelings as thecenter of his relationship to reality.The last purpose of liberal education which I should like to examineis that of increasing the range ofhuman experience to which one canrespond. It is a truism that liberaleducation seeks to extend this rangethrough time and space, to help theeducated person gain access to theexperiences of persons who lived inother centuries and cultures whichare encoded in their arts and literature. Furthermore, anyone whoachieves the objective just discussed— that of helping the liberally educated person learn to trust his feelings as a powerful instrument for theexploration of reality — will greatlyextend the range over which his ownexperience is available to him, drawing insight from trustworthy sourcesin his heart which he formerly rejected as intellectually disreputable.But there are other dimensions alongwhich liberal education may extendthe range of experience. One of themost important of these is the dimension of status and role.This is an obvious point, which neednot be labored. Yet, since we aregiven in our fonder moments to thefantasy that American life resemblesthe legend of a Vermont town meeting, in which every man has his equalsay, it is as well to remind ourselvesof reality. The extent to which weare willing to learn from another person depends very much on his socialrole and ours. This is not to say thatwe listen more attentively to the richand powerful; it is by no means sosimple. Today every man builds hiscastle on the sand, and attempts bythe modesty and homeliness of hisarchitecture to pretend that it is onlya cottage; he remains unprepared, infact, for the moments — and they arenot so few — when he could use alittle room to be arrogant in. But thismodesty has also a manipulativequality; he cuts his coat, not according to his cloth, but according toothers' expectations of him. And heis more closely attentive to those expectations than to his own needs orto the value of individuals outsidewhat he perceives as his echelon,however significant they might become to him. Communication maythen become impossible, as in the caseof a congressman from an industrialarea who continues to deny to theunemployed the existence of unem ployment; or of a delegate to theUnited Nations who, speaking purelyfor home consumption, simply doesnot listen to his opponent and doesnot expect his opponent to listen tohim.These are to me the major serviceswhich liberal education should perform for adults: it shoud increasetheir devotion to human freedom andtheir skill in making use of it — theirwillingness to maintain and defendit. It should increase their sensitivityto the meaning of their feelings andthose of others. It should increase therange of their experience, enablingthem to continue to learn from theliving and the dead, to accept the experience of other persons whatevertheir mutual relationship. By doingthese basic things, liberal educationcontributes to less abstract and morefamiliar goals, such as improvementin the quality of citizenship, or inthe use of leisure time. Efforts toachieve these directly are likely tolead only to rather superficial andself-conscious adornment of a modeof life whose fundamental pattern remains unchanged; one acquires ahi-fi set, real cool records and a realwarm wife and becomes a candidatefor the school board as a form ofelaborately inconspicuous consumption. But better citizenship and moremeaningful leisure result spontaneously from growth in freedom andsensitivity. For adults this is aboutthe only kind of growth there is.What can liberal education do topromote such growth? It can, I think,be most effective in helping individuals to an improved self-concept;to holding a better opinion of themselves; to learning that they are valuable and why. This cannot be donesentimentally; we all know peoplewhose intense feelings of inferiorityare nevertheless also their most acuteperception of reality. But liberal education, by showing us what the truthlooks and sounds like, when peopleutter it in poetry, painting, or music,can help us remember what we werelike before we became inferior. Itcan show us concretely how much wecan learn from one another to theextent that we can quit lying to ourselves. It can help us estimate howmuch this will hurt at the time, sothat we will not try to be truthfulmore rapidly than we can stand it;and how much richer it will make us,so that we will not wish to go moreslowly than we need to.Liberal education, in short, can beeffective only by enhancing humandignity. This phrase, too, has beenabused till it is all beat out of shape,but it can still be used with precision. Thomas AquinasBy human dignity I mean what aperson can make out of his own experience and his best understandingof other people's experience, whichhe feels to be unique and uses togrow on. It cannot be destroyed without his consent. But this is not muchof a safeguard, because consent isgiven with a nod or by silence; it canbe given almost, though not quite,without knowing it. And, today, assaults on human personality and dignity are so friendly; the hangmanpastes a coronet on his case and assures you, quite truthfully, that mostof the people you know or had hopedto meet now get their ties from him,because good trustworthy craftsmenwho put a little of themselves intotheir work have gotten so hard tofind.It is precisely at this point of learning to cherish dignity and not toconsent to violations of it that I thinkliberal education should be focusedon adult life; this is also where it ismost difficult to focus it. This is amatter which seems peculiarly appro-MARCH, 1955 13priate to discuss in a journal read byprofessional people who work withgroups. For, on the one hand, groupwork in America has been continuously concerned with human feelingsand dignity — with the use of experience in the group to enhance theindividual and his conception of himself. And on the other, the development of dignity is most formidablyblocked by certain values common togroup life in America. Paradoxically,it is blocked more completely byvalues which nearly everyone favorsthan by those which are more frequently condemned.These values are friendliness; co-operativeness; fairness; practicality;and humility: they could, of course,be stated in many other ways. Wehold them to be moral virtues — as, ofcourse, in most situations they are —and teach people to feel guilty if theyare hostile, or insist on having specialprivileges for themselves or otherpersons, or on having their own way,or in persevering on principle in acourse of action or attitude which ishopelessly idealistic. A good American doesn't act like that.Civilization runs more smoothlywhen people don't act like that. Butit has repeatedly been saved in crisisonly because they could and did. Andtoday we do seem to find it unusuallydifficult. To return again to the careerof Senator McCarthy for an example:Perhaps the most shocking aspect ofthe protracted McCarthy-Army hearings was the moral character of Secretary Stevens. The shocking thingabout it was that it was so obviouslyvery high. Had Mr. Stevens appearedto be weak, stupid, or corrupt thehearings would have had no generalsignificance at all. But to find that aman of integrity had been paralyzedfor months by the very intensity ofhis conviction that it was wrong to beuncooperative and a bad teammate,even when his own dignity and thatof his organization were totally atstake — that was shocking. And conversely, it would be sanctimonious todeny that even persons who felt theSenator's attack to be wholly viciouswere occasionally refreshed by hisuncommon freedom from the need toget along with people. I know I was.An intense need to get along withpeople; an insatiable hunger for groupacceptance seems to underlie nearlyall the lapses from integrity whichoccur among us. It will make us doanything. In some groups it leads toa complete reversal of the content ofordinary group values, while the pattern remains rigidly unchanged; onefinds young Bohemians laboriously The Teachertrying to conform to their group'sdemand that they be insulting, unfriendly, and arrogant. They succeedwell enough, but do not enjoy it asmuch as they should; one is painfullyaware of their effort to behave correctly, and of their fear of isolationshould they fail. In other groups, ayoungster who wants to be acceptedmust do murder. He does do it, butthis does not seem to make him veryhappy either.Why do we turn to one another, notfor affection, but for ratification? Whyhave we so swiftly, and so disastrously, come to vest our consciencein our playmates? How came the virtues of the team to supplant those ofthe individual in our hierarchy ofvalues? It is a complex question, butI think it is because we have broughtalmost unchanged into contemporarylife, in which few people can owneven the tools with which they work,— be they subway motormen or statesmen; punch press operators orprofessors of physics — the passion forsuccess developed in hewing a freehold out of the wilderness with expendable equipment. We cannot, today, help being dependent on oneanother for our livelihood. But wecould create relationships among uswhose structure would prevent us,rather than oblige us, to use eachother as if we were tools. Today,we can only succeed on a team; andsucceed we must. Since other people,usually in groups — our colleagues,our customers, the voters, the foundations — now obstruct our quest forstatus and for the opportunity to dowhat we feel to be important, we tryto manipulate them with the technicalefficiency we learned to apply tomountains and deserts when they persisted in getting in the way. A nation devoted to engineering miraclesis learning to engineer consent.I should like to see liberal education strike at the root of this wretcheddegradation of group action. The rootis the individual's fear of failure; notmerely of failing in a task, but ofbeing a failure, despised and rejectedof man. But this fear is not easily uprooted, for it has a great deal of basisin reality. Persons who have faileddo arouse our deepest anxieties anddefeat the defenses most characteristic of our culture. They remind usthat life is not a baseball game; thatcompetition does not end with opponents slapping each other on theback in rugged affection; that people,if they live long enough, grow old.I do not know why these facts strikeus as particularly painful, but they do,and we treat people who remind usof them with unusual and persistentbrutality.Reassurance would therefore befalse and empty, and certainly ineffective; most people know that success is a lot nicer than failure, andwill recognize anyone who says itisn't as confused. But liberal education does not eradicate fear of failureby reassurance. It does so by helpingpeople study the most significant records of human experience. This onecannot do without becoming more interested in the texture of experienceitself than in how the story, whichone has impertinently interrupted,comes out. One forgets to wonderwhether Destiny is going to award onesome kind of a prize; whether one isgoing to get as rich as Mozart; as influential in the affairs of state asMachiavelli; as honored by gratefulcitizenry as Socrates. They raise somany more interesting questions.14 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEGandhiMi Uh <w4 «ku*«* Ut Hm W«rMm** **-• ^x^-^J; A TV Adventure7"is- 7H[ SONS Of GOOBhagavad-Gitaaitt >H(M|lkMM*«fM ¦Glorious Koran LiteratureUNBOUNDBy Maurice Crane, AM '50UN SEPTEMBER 27, 1954, in thequiet town of East Lansing, Michigan,we mixed the unmixable — good reading and television.There followed the slowest-movingexplosion I've ever seen. East Lansingis still a quiet town. Perhaps it's justa touch friendlier: the academics fromdifferent departments pull a littleharder on their hat-brims when theypass one another on campus, and thepeople of the town, who love theircollege (Michigan State), may love itjust the slightest bit more. But certainly nothing more sensational hashappened. And nobody has a betterright to remark this than I. After all,it was MY explosion.When I dreamed up Literature Unbound last March, I hoped to createa loosely connected (or, perhaps,loosely unconnected) network ofneighborhood "good books clubs." Ifgroups gathered in living-rooms towatch major celebrities discuss nothing at all, why wouldn't they gatherto watch minor celebrities talk entertainingly and profitably about the in- sides of the better paper-backedbooks on the druggists' racks.Excitedly, I counted on drugstores,publishers, and newspapers alike togreet the proposed panel show withenthusiasm. I discovered with somedifficulty but with no great waste oftime that new instructors with newdoctorates buy enthusiasm at the expense of great labor or do not buy itat all. Of the many heads that noddedat me, only two nodded vertically.One was on the shoulders of my dean,Thomas H. Hamilton, AM '40, PhD'47, who encourages good ideas nomatter how lowly their source. Theother belonged to Michigan StateContinuing Education Service's TVco-ordinator producer, who neededsomething to shove into the vacantslot at 7:30-8 p.m. Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. With their go-ahead, I went ahead.In June, the College English Association had convened on the MichiganState College campus, and I hadbegged and bullied my way into performing before that group a sampleMARCH, 1955 15"Monday show" (Mondays were to befor exposition, Wednesdays for discussion, and Fridays for answeringaudience questions) of Catcher in theRye and Huckleberry Finn.We were scheduled to appear during the half-hour preceding the finaldinner of the convention, and weplayed to a crowd of twenty-five soulswho were either not very hungry, orwho had mistakenly washed theirhands a full half hour before dinner.Whatever we said about the differences between 19th and 20th centuryAmerica as shown in their effect uponthe two runaway lads must have fascinated our two dozen-odd listeners,for they remained to respond, tolaugh, and to applaud, even as thegerms began to regroup upon theirrecently washed hands.Our next adventure was to makea film which would dazzle and stupefythe guardians of the purse-strings ofthe large education-encouragingfoundations. My two guest experts,now sold on the projected TV series,became willing martyrs to the cause.We decided among ourselves to doThe Great Gatsby and Only Yesterday, partly in the hope of appealingto the nostalgia of the titans.And an appealing film it would be,if only it were in focus. It was ourfirst adventure in the kinescopemovie, and the first venture also forat least one of the principal cameramen. We three academics arrived atthe studio at ten o'clock on the hottestmorning of the summer. For twohours we listened to the director andproducer argue about lights, continuity, closeups, and a host of othermatters which I now forget and whichwere never any of my business.Sweaty, starved, and covered withmosquito bites, we not only recaptured the twenties, but gave, underthe steaming floodlights, what I stillconsider to be a realistic portrayal ofone of the early scenes of YellowJack. We've yet to hear from anyof the foundations.But I continued to work on a liveTV format. As finally accepted, itworks like this: each week's three-program series features a moderatorand experts who discuss paper-backbooks. Material is chosen so that twobooks attack the same problem, era,or story from different angles, perhaps one scientific, another literary,or one fictional, another historical.Every participant in the series isboth a talker and a listener, an expert and an intelligent non-expert.On Monday he starts off with shoptalk telling the audience the back ground of one of the books, but beforehe can settle in a comfortable groove,he finds himself — on Wednesday — exchanging ideas with an expert in afield other than his own. On Fridayhe answers questions put to him byreaders in the TV audience.For example, the "what will peoplethink" attitude runs and ruins livesboth in primitive and present daycultures. To illustrate this point, wechose Margaret's Mead's Patterns ofCulture and John O'Hara's Appointment in Samarra to be discussed oneweek.The fascinating interrelationshipbetween psychology and fiction isshown in the pairing of SherwoodAnderson's Winesburg, Ohio andFreud's Psycho-Pathology of Everyday Life.Incidentally, an amazing number ofUniversity of Chicago alumni haveturned up as participants. You canimagine my surprise when all of myfirst four guests revealed they werefellow alumni. Osmond E. Palmer,PhB, '29, AM '32, PhD '52, discussedPlutarch's Lives, and the lady whotook on the unappetizing Lives ofDestiny was Moiree Scott Compere,AM '33.Wade Thompson, PhB '46, AM '49,tackled Thoreau's W alden; JohnHirschfield, AM '48 (working on hisPhD in history of culture), discussedGandhi: His Message, by LouisFischer.My original list of books was noncommercial, i.e., it was scattered withcareless abandon across all the company lines. To make sure the bookswe planned to discuss would be available locally for the audience wehoped to attract, we sought help fromDirector Maurice CraneMSU the logical source — the local distributor of all magazines and paperbacks.That aged gentleman, bent withlong years of carrying deposits to thebank, informed us of the unhappystate of the book business and expressed the welcome wish that someday The Uses of the Past would sellas well as Kiss Me, Deadly. We wereled to believe that when that happyday arrived he would be perfectlywilling to help our cause.What to do? "Write to the publishers," suggested our producer, andhe sat down to do so. He spells considerably worse than he thinks hedoes, and in reply the publishers didsend a few good books — most of themspellers.Finally The New American Libraryoffered to stock the drugstores if wewould use their books.Our tentative starting list was toinclude such combinations as theBhagavad Gita and the Koran; Darkness at Noon by Arthur Koestler, anda biography of Lenin; ChristopherMorley's Thunder on the Left andJ. D. Salinger's Nine Stories. Theseare all fine books. I can't for the lifeof me understand why none of themhas found its way into any local drugstores.Came September and we were onthe air. In a matter of a few weekswe became the most successfulunderground movement in the massmedia.Without a word of publicity (exceptthe constant newspaper warnings tothe public not to convert to UHFbecause WKAR-TV might soon go onVHF) and with no promise of earthlyreward for my twenty guests, each ofwhom spends dozens of hours inpreparation for his week's stint inaddition to his full load of classes —we have become WKAR-TV andWKAR-FM'S "class" show.I receive telephone calls fromacademics in every department onthis huge campus and from townspeople in every walk of life asserting,sometimes with righteousness, thatGibbsville, Pa., is more Kwakiutlthan Zuni, or that Bix would haverotted in Montmartre.Where they get the books I don'tknow. How they heard of LiteratureUnbound I haven't any idea. Butwhen I hear these gentle voices calling, I realize that we've struck thecurrent that we'd always hoped wasthere — an unaccountable stream ofpeople who will listen an hour anda half a week to enlightened discussion. Why, God bless 'em, they mayeven send their kids to the Universityof Chicago. My mother did.16 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINECalorie counting and stubble cultivationare not enough, when the wrestling coachis a philosopher-poet. On this team it'sEvery Man a TigerBy Spike Pinney, '54JliVERYONE KNOWS that collegewrestling is not the sport of strongbacks, weak minds, and sham heroicsthat professional wrestling is. Butfew realize that college wrestling —at least at the University of Chicago — contains more self appraisal andmoody introspection than Hamlet.Each of coach Al Bates' varsitywrestlers must count calories, cultivate stubble, and convince himselfthat he is a tiger before being ready to tangle with his personal fate in theform of another wrestler who has alsocounted calories, cultivated stubble,and, more than probably, believeshimself a tiger.Calorie counting is the hardest partof a wrestler's self-appraisal. Of theeight college weight classifications,only the heavyweights can just keepon eating. Overweight tigers in theother weight classifications must follow Mayo's Two Week Diet, a dietthat is "harmless for two weeks, butnot for longer." Two eggs, one-halfgrapefruit, and black coffee make upmost breakfasts, and a typical dinnerconsists of steak, celery, tomatoes,and coffee. "Weight losses may befrom ten to twenty pounds in twoweeks."Chicago wrestlers had to lose a totalof thirty-five pounds in the seasonjust past, which is nearly one-thirdthe heaviness of lightweight DonDonderi. Donderi himself contributedfive pounds to the total, dropping himinto the 123-pound class; Kent Flan-nery had to shed eight pounds toreach 130 pounds; and Don Ritter hadto lose the same amount to reach 137pounds.Two extra poundsIn the weighing-in routine heldeither right before a meet or on themorning of the same day, eachwrestler is allowed two pounds overhis weight group but no more. Thismeant that wrestler-coach Bates hadto eat enough eggs, grapefruit andsteak to lose six pounds before he"Best darn 147-pounder we ever had."MARCH, 1955 17could wrestle 147-pounders, and thatFrank Richards had to drop fivepounds to make the 157-pound class.Chuck Carlson needed no reducing toreach 167 pounds, but John Shaferhad to shed three pounds before getting into the 177-pound circle. JerryMehrens and Lynn Illingworth justkept on eating.That part of a wrestler's self-appraisal which begins with caloriecounting ends with training. A Chicago wrestler's weight must be in theright places against schools like Marquette and Notre Dame; stubble cultivation and tigerhood are worthlesswithout proper training.Nine minutes weeklyProper training, in which everyonedoes pushups, situps, neck bridgingand one or two miles of jogging inBartlett gym is held daily except onthe days before meets. Twelve minutepractice bouts between wrestlers ofadjoining weight classifications forendurance are followed by "sprint"bouts of six minutes for speed. Theamount of training proper for eachwrestler varies from each to each.Once in shape, a Maroon wrestlerwill engage in nine minutes of collegiate competition at least weekly,and sometimes as often as twice intwo days. The competitive season,extending from December throughFebruary, includes Wright Jr. College, Illinois Tech, Marquette, The Palmer Watson "Spike" Pinney,'54, is somewhat like the man hediscusses in this article, Al Bates.He is a varsity letterman in soccerand track, a philosophy student inthe Humanities Department, andsports editor of the Maroon.Kent Flannery, '54, the artist, isalso a varsity letterman, in wrestling. He is a zoology student inthe Biological Sciences Division,and a cartoonist for the Maroon.This article, in a spmewhatshorter version, first appeared inthe Maroon, and is reprinted herewith their kind permission.University of Illinois at Chicago, andNotre Dame.Stubble cultivation is far easierthan calorie counting or training.Small beards and short crew cutsmake opponents wary of applyinghead-holds; no one likes to grapplewith a porcupine.Another side of wrestling that fosters egocentricity is the care of matburns with stinging tincture of benzoin. Mat burns, usually found onelbows, foreheads and shoulders, arecaused by friction between skin andthe mat covering. The only sure cureis to keep on top during a bout. Serious bone breaks are very rare incollegiate wrestling, although pulledmuscles and ligaments occur at times.'A good coach practices psychological readying.1Flannery Headguards prevent cauliflower ears.But the side of wrestling whichproduces the moodiest introspectionis the side concerned with psychological readying or "becoming a tiger."Tigerhood is the invention of wrestler-coach Al Bates, a humanitiesstudent who often reads Chaucer onthe train going away to meets. Bates,at 25 the youngest member of thecoaching staff, learned his fundamentals at Ohio Wesleyan. His peculiargenius is best exposed by a glance athis ties to the University.Besides coaching wrestling, he isa student in the English literaturedepartment of the Humanities Division. His wrestlers razz him when heleaves practice early for poetry reading sessions, but his persistence shouldpay off in a master's degree this June.Keats and Swift were the subjects ofhis first two masters' papers respectively, and the third will deal withsome facet of American literature inthe 1920's. The literary influences atwork in his choice of "tigerhood' asa coaching device are unknown.Bartlett "Angel"He has been wrestling coach fortwo years and a married man for four;his wife, Darlene, has been cheerleader and cheering section for twoyears now. Mrs. Bates also attends tomat burns and other small injuriesfor her husband's team members, andis known in some circles as "the angelof Bartlett gym."Bates' plans for next year are indefinite. "I'm looking for a good job"covers the future just as "I'm lookingfor some good middle-weights" covered the past season. Whether or nothe continues coaching depends on theschool that hires him and his "tiger"theme.In sum, the use of a "tiger" themehelps counteract nervousness beforea meet, turning it into anger or eagerness. Wrestlers who go into a meetexpecting to lose, usually will. Thosewho go into a meet confidently, oftenpull upsets.Scouting reports and informationexchanged between teams after meetsalso generate confidence by givingChicago wrestler's knowledge of theiropponent's weaknesses. This knowledge, coupled with a sense of properweight, proper training, and evenproper stubble helps to make "everyman a tiger," as Bates asserts.The right attitude in a wrestlerlets him think on his feet, using hisbalance and speed to distribute hisstrength most effectively. With training and physical ability, this attitudewins meets.18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEA lot of brain-power under one roof! Faculty members, in their best bluesuits and tuxedos, jam Palmer House Main Ballroom as guests of trusteesat annual dinner.never underestimate the power of. . .At speakers' table, (1. to r.), PhysicistLawson, Chancellor Kimpton, TrusteesEdward Ryerson and Fairfax Cone. Dinner table conversation: (1. to r.),Dr. Dieter Koch-Weser, Trustee CharlesH. Percy and Dr. Lester R. Dragstedt."There's no Gothic like the GothicOf a Spot on 63rdDone in oils or water colorsBy a bird from 53rd.Get some hand-made woven burlapFor a blouse or skirt or hatGet a new mobile to decorateThe chancelloriat,"Chants Mrs. John P. NethertonAbout the 57th Street Art Fair.Mme. o'Door, in town for a fashionshow at Marshall Field's, is precededby two of her models Suzette andCrepes, (Mrs. Harry Kalven, rear, andMrs. Irving Diamond) who squirtlarge perfume atomizers over the audience. Mrs. McCrea Hazlett, dressed in"simple uninspired committee typeclothing," brings up the rear. FACULTY WIVES have built uptheir own tradition. On the nightof the trustees' dinner, they hold anaffair at the Quadrangle Club.In this year's skit, "A Sable For OurTimes, or, What Do We Wear To ThisAffair," they have obtained the services of Paris couturiere Madameo'Door. Dismayed when she showsthem exotic outfits, including a whitefur bathing suit "for your winter vacations, my dears," they turn the tablesand show her the kinds of activities forwhich they must dress.They sing:"Old Mother Hubband went to thecupboardTo get out the morning costumeSlacks and a sweater, she had nothingmuch betterFor pushing the vac and the broom.That outfit will do for the neighborhood tooAt Co-op or Woodworth's big treeIt's right in style on the elegant mileOf our UNIVERSITY.For committees of course, there's askirt and a blouseAnd a suit or two if you're luckyThis get-up is swell for lectures as wellAnd for teas and cocktails, it's ducky." %S.¦The chorus at the Art Fair sings:"You can get your portrait paintedFor a paltry buck or twoBut be sure to put your name on il.So you know it's you."Faculty wives put on theiras husband*Mme. o'Door (Mrs. Russell B.Thomas) warns: "We must remember — first, last and mostlyin between — you're a womaneven though you're a professor'swife!"m show,ine with trustees.At the chancellor's annual reception, four women turn updressed exactly alike, includingthe hostess, Mrs. Kimpton. Theaccompanying song explains howMrs. Perry LeFevre (1 to r), Mrs.Allison Dunham, Mrs. R. W. Harrison, and Mrs. Kimpton eachbought her outfit in a differentstore — ranging from Blum's Vogueon upper Michigan Avenue toHarlan's on 55th Street — yet noone can really guess what eachhusband paid, so clever are theladies at dressing up "a little basicdress."University NewsPlan Arts FestivalTo Hold Beaux Arts Ball in Commons;Students, Faculty to Participate1 HE FIRST ANNUAL Universityof Chicago Festival of the Arts willbe held April 14-17.Exhibitions of art, music, drama,dance and athletics are being plannedby the committee, headed by ArthurR. Green, student in the College, andJoshua C. Taylor, Assistant Professorof Art. The four-day festival willculminate in a gaily costumed BeauxArts Ball in Hutchinson Commons.The festival will coincide with theannual Parents' Weekend, and parents of undergraduate students willbe invited. As usual, they will havean opportunity to visit classes onThursday and Friday.The key idea of the festival, according to Gerhard E. O. Meyer, Associate Professor of Economics in theCollege, is the integration of the artsin a weekend display that will atonce bring forth the best efforts andcall attention to the high quality anddiversity of artistic activities carriedon by students and faculty. It islargely through Prof. Meyer's imagination and energy that the festivalcame into being.The Festival will open at 4 P.M.Thursday to the pealing bells ofRockefeller Chapel in a special program by Carillonneur James R. Law-son. The first event will be a student art exhibit in Lexington HallGallery. Refreshments will be servedand prizes awarded. Simultaneousexhibits will include the work of Camera Club members in MandelHall corridor, displays of special collections of the University Libraries,the Oriental Institute, and an artshow in the Renaissance Society Galleries in Goodspeed Hall.The Collegium Musicum, conductedby Richard E. Vikstrom, will presenta concert in Mandel Hall at 8:30 P.M.More music will be offered at noonFriday, with a concert by the University Band in Hutchinson Court,led by Leland C. Smith.The Chapel Committee on Religionand Art will present a prominentartist or critic in Rockefeller Chapelin the afternoon, with a receptionafterward. On Friday evening University Theatre will present "The Inspector General," by Gogol, directedby Marvin E. Phillips.Special sports activities are scheduled for Saturday morning, the Bandagain at noon, and at 2 P.M. in Man-del Hall a special show of dancing,songs and acrobatics will be presentedby the Folk Lore Society, CountryDancers and Acrotheatre.Saturday evening at 8 P.M. theUniversity Glee Club, with PeterGram Swing conducting, will presentits spring concert in Mandel Hall, followed at 10:30 P.M. by the ball. Prizeswill be given for the best costumes,and a performance by the new Com^pass Group of Playwrights TheatreClub will be presented. Many members are alumni. On Sunday morning President Wallace W. Robbins of Meadville Theological School will speak in Rockefeller Chapel. There will also be aspecial musical program by HeinrichFleischer, chapel organist, and theChapel Choir. At 3 P.M. the MusicalSociety will perform chamber music,including student compositions. Thecarillon recital at 4:30 and a featureshowing by the Documentary FilmGroup at 8:30 P.M. will conclude theFestival.Alumni who wish to attend any ofthese events may write to the Secretary of the Committee on the Festivalof the Arts, Faculty Exchange, University of Chicago, Chicago 37, 111.Catholic LeadershipAmerican Catholics have exercisedpractically no influence or leadershipin the United States in spite of theirvast numerical increase during thelast half-century, The Reverend JohnTracy Ellis, Catholic historian, saidrecently in a talk at the University.The Catholic population of theUnited States has grown from 12,041,-000 in 1900 to 31,648,424 in 1954, TheReverend Ellis said. Ellis, Professorof Church History at The CatholicUniversity of America, and secretaryof the American Catholic HistoricalAssociation, delivered four Charles R.22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINELewellynThe rarely-photographed Dame Edith Sitwell (above),British poet, and Mahalia Jackson (right), during Man-del Hall appearances.GrossmanWalgreen Foundation lectures at theUniversity last month."In proportion to their numbers,American Catholics since 1900 haveexercised nowhere near the leadership and influence, or attained thenational prominence that might beexpected of them," he said.He cited several reasons for thislack of influence, first of which wasthe end of the constant stream ofimmigrants which absorbed all theenergies of the Church during thenineteenth and early twentieth century. In 1921, Congress passed thefirst of a series of immigration restriction laws "which gradually closedoff the greatest source of numericalincrease among Catholics.""A second reason is that we all live,alas, in an environment which isstrongly non-intellectual, and evenanti-intellectual."In most of the anti-intellectualtrends of our day, I regret to say,American Catholics have taken theirfull share. They have even adulterated what was once a solid programof studies for the enrichment of thehuman mind by the introduction intothe curricula of their colleges anduniversities of most of the pedagogicalgimmicks that are gradually robbingAmerican youth of the opportunityto become truly educated men."A third factor which has kept Catholics from achieving leadership andinfluence in the United States is religious discrimination, Ellis said, citingthe 1928 presidential campaign ofAlfred E. Smith as an example."To be sure, the discrimination thatexists in certain high circles of business, politics and education is notpractised with the blatancy thatmarked the campagin of 1928; it isfar more subtle and is not often easilydetected. "But that it exists is a fact of whichI have personally known a number ofexamples," Ellis declared.Development of the Catholic character in the United States during thelast half-century has included theChurch's opposition to Communism,he said."Communism is a menace whichthe Catholic Church recognized anddenounced as early as 1864, the yearthe Third International was founded.That the Church should be especiallysensitive to Communist infiltration oflabor unions should occasion no surprise when one recalls the unions'exceedingly large Catholic membership."Another social question on whichthe Church has taken a step forwardin recent years is that of racial equality, Ellis said. The demonstrationsand general uneasiness that occurredin the District of Columbia followingfirst efforts to implement the SupremeCourt Decision aganist racial segregation in the schools did not affectthe Catholic schools of Washington."The Catholic schools of the citypassed through the disturbance without incident, having begun the integration of white and colored students in their classrooms in the fallof 1948," Ellis said.Hear Sitwell, JacksonNear-zero weather, snow and icystreets seem to make no difference touniversity audiences. Bundled andbooted, crowds packed Mandel Halltwo nights running in January tohear two highly talented and entertaining ladies, Dame Edith Sitwell,British poet, and Mahalia Jackson,gospel singer.Although the responses differedgreatly, both artists gave excellent demonstrations of the fine art of keeping an audience under perfect control.Dame Edith's audience seemed almost to have ceased breathing, as sheread 15 of her lyric poems.She made a striking appearance inblack, enveloped in a floor-lengthgold brocaded cape.Dame Edith came to campus underthe sponsorship of the Chicago Review.The previous night, a politely reserved audience, swayed by MissJackson's tremendous enthusiasm,thawed out and showed its appreciation by clapping, stamping and singing with her.Miss Jackson, together with Celestial Trio, Thomas Dorsey, and otherartists, donated her talents for thebenefit of the Hyde Park Co-Op Nursery School.Chaplain Bell ResignsThe Reverend Dr. Bernard IddingsBell has resigned as Episcopal chaplain at the University.Dr. Bell, 69, lost his sight a yearago. In announcing his resignation hesaid he could no longer carry theburden of administrative work at alarge university.He will remain at home, 1321 E.56th Street, until June 30 to assist intransferring responsibility of hisnine-year post.Meanwhile, he has been appointedconsultant in Christian education tothe Episcopal bishop of Chicago.Dr. Bell is the author of 20 booksand numerous magazine articles,many of them criticisms of the American religious, social and educationalscene.Among his books are Beyond Agnosticism, The Church in Disrepute,Crisis in Education, and Crowd Culture.MARCH, 1955 23Ferdinand Schevill, 1868-1954E-*VER SINCE James Cate's voiceover the telephone said "The OldMaster is gone," my thoughts havegone back again and again to my morethan forty years of association withFerdinand Schevill. I am sure that allof you gathered this afternoon aretreasuring your own personal memories of some kindly word or deed,some flash of wit, some shared reminiscence, some keen observation onmen and events, or on nature, or onart.If all our recollections could bebrought together, like the parts of amosaic falling into their proper places,they would build a picture of a many-sided and vital personality, one nota little suggestive of the "universalman" of his own well-loved Renaissance. I have long admired him asone of the most genuinely cultured,most truly civilized persons I haveever had the privilege of knowing.More than most, he could have saidwith the Latin poet, "I am a man,and there is nothing human whichI deem alien to myself."But I must not pass over twocharacteristics which I both admiredand envied — his unfailing zest for living, that made each day a new adven ture in discovery and enjoyment; andhis genius for friendship.A formal biographical notice wouldsay that Ferdinand Schevill was bornin Cincinnati Nov. 12, 1868. Furtherleafing through Who's Who wouldreveal that he was one of a remarkable family group. One brother wasa professor of Romance languages.Another was a distinguished portraitpainter. A sister married the sculptorKarl Bitter. His own wife was atalented musician.After taking his bachelor's degreein 1889, Schevill went abroad to theUniversity of Freiburg for graduatestudy in history. Meanwhile ProfessorHarper was persuading Mr. Rockefeller that Chicago needed not justanother Baptist college, but a realuniversity, with predominant emphasis on graduate study and research.For the head of the history department in the faculty which he wasassembling almost overnight President Harper sent to Freiburg for thealready famous professor of AmericanHistory, Hermann Von Hoist. By somefortunate combination of circumstances there came also Harper'sformer student^ young FerdinandSchevill, who had just taken his Doctorate of Philosophy in history.Ferdinand was fond of telling howfrom the terminus of the CottageGrove cable-car he made his wayacross fields and frog ponds to CobbHall where in October, 1892, the firstclasses were being held. Carpenters,he recalled, were still busy in partsof the building. It was thus that hebecame not only a member of theoriginal faculty, but also one of thegroup of Americans who were transplanting the scholarly traditions ofthe European Universities to the academic soil of the United States. Chicago was founded at a time whenvery few American universities exceptJohns Hopkins were offering rigorousgraduate training in any subject, orwere emphasizing research as a majortask of faculty members. Thus to beeven a junior member of a facultyengaged in educational pioneering forthe whole Mid-West was a privilegewhich Schevill appreciated, and achallenge which he accepted. It isinteresting to note that of his colleagues on that fabulous faculty of1892 only four now remain — A. A.Stagg, Carl Buck, Elizabeth Wallaceand Edgar Goodspeed.Ferdinand had been made a full24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEprofessor in 1909, and his text bookson European history were alreadywell known. He had shown his specialinterest in Italy by publishing hisSiena. I became an instructor in 1913and thus while he remained activewe were colleagues, on a friendlyenough but rather casual basis. Butafter 1930, when he was persuaded toreturn to active service to organizeand head up the new college generalcourse in the Humanities we becameassociates on a very intimate basis.Some of you here this afternoon weremembers of the staff of that course,and there are probably some herewho attended as students. I know thatthroughout the country there areseveral thousand men and women whoheard him lecture, and a lesser number fortunate also in being in his discussion group. Thus for many yearsat unexpected times and places someone has said "Professor Schevill, youwon't remember me, but I was in theold Humanities course at Chicago."It was doubtless because his effort inthe course seemed to be worth hiswhile that he said to us several timesthat the years he gave to this juniorcollege work were the pleasantest andmost rewarding of his whole teachingcareer.We used to say that whatever thecourse did for the students, it certainly educated the staff; and nosmall element in our education wasthe intimate and informal contactswith the leader whom we usuallyaddressed as Maestro, and referredto as the Old Master.To our regret he retired again tothe dunes in 1935 to finish his mostimportant historical work, the Historyof Florence. Thereafter he found timeto write of Frederick, the GreatElector and of the Medici.Sursum CordaIn 1948, despite his eighty years, hefelt vigorous enough to accede toChancellor Hutchins' urgent requestthat he join the group of Chicagoprofessors going to teach in westernGermany at Frankfurt. Rather thandraw on familiar European material,he took the trouble to prepare lectures on the history of the UnitedStates, feeling that they would bettercontribute to international understanding.Something over a year ago hishealth failed very much, and while awinter in Florida brought some recovery, he felt that his work wasalmost done, and so it proved. OnDecember tenth last, having justrounded out his eighty-sixth year, he died in Tucson, Arizona. It is good toknow that old friends were with him.All that is mortal of him is now partof the soil of his beloved dune country. Our memories are part of whatsurvives.I seldom heard him speak of death.I know he was not terrified by it, andI think he would not disapprove ifthis afternoon I quote a few wordsspoken by Socrates in one of thedialogues we read as a group onetime in the Humanities course. "Thereis great reason to hope that death isgood, for one of two things must betrue: either death is a state of nothingness . . . or . . . there is a changeand migration of the soul from thisworld to another . . . Now if death is adreamless sleep . . . eternity is thenonly a single night. But if death isthe journey to another place, andthere all the dead are, what good canbe greater than this?"I do remember the time many yearsago when I was fumbling for someway to express sympathy when hehad been parted from Clara. He saidonly two words:Sursum corda.Perhaps that would be his counselto us today:Lift up your hearts.Arthur P. ScottProfessor Emeritus,Department of HistoryIT J. OST OF US gathered here todayknew Ferdinand Schevill as a loyalcolleague, as an inspiring teacher, oras a warm and sympathetic friend,and our number might be vastly extended for he had a rare and preciousgift for friendship. It is fitting thenthat Arthur Scott and Norman Maclean should have paid tribute to thosequalities which endeared him to uspersonally, but because there havebeen thousands of others who knewhim only as the author of varioushistories, it seems fitting too thatsomething should be said about hisscholarly work. This, one feels, hewould have approved if the appraisalwere made soberly and without eulogy, for beneath his steady flow ofbanter about his profession therestood the decent pride of a craftsmanin his work.Ferdinand Schevill brought to hischosen life's work a happy combination of talents and acquired skills.Endowed with a quick perception anda flair for languages, he read widelyand discriminatingly in the historicalliterature of medieval and modernEurope, storing with a vast deal ofprofitable knowledge a capacious memory that served him faithfullylong after the period usually allottedto man and that allowed him to bypasswith impunity much of the drudgeryof meticulous notetaking that shacklesso many of us. He had a lively interestin man and his environment, bothphysical and institutional, and hiscuriosity in these matters he wasable to feed in frequent and longtravels among those countries andcities whose fortunes he chronicled.His intimate familiarity with folk andcountryside in the Tuscan hills or thePrussian plain gave to his books asense of reality all too often wantingin the mine run of histories. A vigorous physique, good health except forthe impaired vision that bothered himin later life, and regular habits ofwork made it possible to indulge hiswide interests without stinting theroutine duties of the teacher andwriter.His formal training, begun as anundergraduate at Yale, was completedat Freiburg in Baden at a time whenGerman historical scholarship was atits peak, and in the seminar of Hermann Eduard von Hoist he learnedthe Rankean maxim that true historymust be based on a patient sifting ofthe evidence afforded by the originalsources. This maxim FerdinandSchevill never lost sight of, at leastin those books which laid claim tooriginality, where his familiarity withthe sources contributes not only to theaccuracy of fact that Ranke wasconcerned with but as well to thatsense of immediacy which has impressed so many readers.Even in his profession, where longevity is a not uncommon reward ofthe unhurried life, Ferdinand's productive career was a long one — something over six decades if we measurefrom the completion in 1892 of hisdoctoral dissertation until his deathlast month when he had only recentlycompleted a series of studies on thegreat historians. That long time-spanwas broken almost exactly in themiddle by his resignation from theDepartment of History at Chicagoin 1924 and his writings reflect, atleast partially, the two phases of hiscareer: the historian as a teacher,the historian as a man of letters.By normal standards he would beaccounted a productive scholar,though in view of his long career notan unusually prolific one. There doesnot seem to be a complete bibliography of his writings and his giftfor simple exposition was so prizedby editors of non-professional publications that the task of preparing sucha list might lead one far from thepredictable orbit of the AmericanMARCH, 1955 25Historical Review or the Journal ofModern History. He wrote articleson a wide variety of topics in variousencyclopedias, scholarly and popularalike. An extraordinarily successfullecturer, he published a number ofhis addresses, sometimes alone, sometimes in company with those of fellowspeakers. He contributed articles orchapters to several cooperative ventures, though never was there aworker more individualistic in conceptor execution. He was constantly indemand as a reviewer, competent andfair in his judgments and more promptthan most of us in submitting copy,and even an incomplete list of hisreviews would confirm the impressionthat all of us here have of the breadthof his interests and knowledge. Forthe learned journals that are thetrade sheets of our profession hewrote a number of solid articlesdirected specifically to his fellowcraftsmen, but if my incomplete survey has provided an accurate sampling, he found this genre less to histaste than is common among academichistorians. In the last analysis, hisreputation as an historian must restupon his books — about a dozen innumber — and his teaching; and between these two activities there wasa close affinity.A wide rangeIf we follow Ferdinand's own ruleand examine as original sources theearly catalogues of the University,we will find that he ranged widely inhis teaching; at the beginning collegelevel classes in general Europeanhistory and at the graduate levela wide variety of specialized courses.Within the latter classes he movedwith equal confidence through eachcentury from the 15th to the 20thand across Europe from Istanbulto Berlin or Paris, but most frequently his courses centered aroundItaly and Germany during the earlymodern period before those two relicsof the medieval empire had found anational consciousness. His books reflect faithfully these two types ofcourses, the very wide survey of thewhole European scene, the more detailed picture of central Europe asit emerged in its modern form.In the early years of the University,the market was not so glutted withcollege textbooks as it is now andit was apparently in response to alocal need that in 1896 FerdinandSchevill published in collaborationwith a senior colleague, Oliver J.Thatcher an introductory manual onmedieval history. Four years later the same pair brought out a generalEuropean history in which Ferdinandwas responsible for the modern section. Already in 1898 he had publishedfor college students a History ofModern Europe, which under variousguises became and remained his mostwidely read book. The title hechanged several times and the publisher, and between these importantbreaks there were the frequent revisions which are routine with thepublisher who faces the perpetualthreat of a surplus second-hand market, but which meant for Ferdinanda constant task of rewriting, conscientiously conceived and directed alwaystoward a more easy comprehension ofunfamiliar material by young readerswho must be wooed rather than coerced. The last version of this book,under the title of A History of Europefrom the Reformation to the PresentDay, appeared first in 1925 and thelast revision, still an active seller in avery competitive field, was issued sorecently as 1948. But so far back asmy own undergraduate days we werereading, under a slightly differenttitle, A Political History of ModernEurope based on the same pedagogicaland literary principles.In the archives of the Universitythere is a letter to President Harper,dated in November 1898, in whichSchevill defended himself againstwhat he considered an unfair reviewof the first edition of his History ofModern Europe. The letter is revealing not only of the intimacy of theUniversity in those days — who of uswould dare bother our chief executive with a complaint about a reviewwhich we would know he had notseen — but revealing as well of a fundamental principle.Simple facts"The important thing in a textbook," Ferdinand wrote, "is topresent facts simply, correctly, andintelligibly." That principle, one mightadd, remained his constant guidein subsequent versions of his manual on modern history, in a littlecollection of translations from thesources called The First Century ofItalian Humanism, and in a Historyof the Balkan Peninsula, the lastbeing a volume addressed apparentlytoward graduate students that appeared first in 1922. But simplicity,accuracy, and intelligibility remainedhis guides as well for works directedto an audience wider if not morenumerous than that of the collegeclassroom.When Ferdinand Schevill was a graduate student in Germany, urbanconstitutional history was a popularsubject; Keutgen, Rietschel andPirenne were beginning to reappraisetheories of urban origins; the seat ofhis University, Freiburg-im-Breisgau,was a classical example of the proliferation of medieval municipal charters and his master, Von Hoist, wasan avowed expert on constitutionalhistory. But as Von Hoist turned inhis studies to the new world whichwas his latter day home, Schevillturned to the old world which hehad known as a student. In successive visits he worked through thelibraries and archives of Italy untilin 1902 the head of his departmentcould assure President Harper thatthe young assistant professor had become familiar with the constitutionalhistory of Italian towns, particularlythose of Tuscany, and was ready toextend his studies to include a widerview of the same cities. This prophecy was fulfilled: first in an articleon "The Podesta of Siena" in theAmerican Historical Review in 1904,later in his Siena: The Story of a Medieval Commune which appeared in1909. This book, which the authorsaid "addresses itself frankly to thegeneral reader," established both hisreputation and his favorite mode ofaddress.A Tuscan cityThis was still the era of the ladies'Browning Clubs, when as muchsentimental nonsense was spilledabout the pre-Raphaelites as we hearcurrently about the thirteenth century, but Schevill was able to erecton a solid scaffolding of constitutional and political history a sensitively appreciative view of thatTuscan city that hovered uncertainlybetween the Middle Ages and theRenaissance. "Shy as a swallow," hewrote "this imperishable personalitystill flits over the hills among thesilvery olives, or in the purple duskwanders like a stray wind among thenarrow streets. As the one gift utterly worth giving, I would fain hopethat I had disclosed to the readersomething of the charm and fragranceof this local spirit, integral and indestructible part of the eternal spiritof truth and beauty ..." Who of uswho has read Siena but would answer"yea" to his hope?In 1916 appeared a volume calledThe Making of Modern Germany, theproduct of a series of lectures plannedin 1914 before the outbreak of WorldWar I but delivered in 1915 and published a year later when the German26 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEcause nau jecome unpopular amongmany groups in the United States.In his preface he quotes Goethe to theeffect that no subject "can be profitably examined without a fundamentalbasis of sympathy" and he confessesa sympathy with the German peoplewhich, he hopes "has no kinship withblind bias." Earlier, at the beginningof the war, he had written a pamphletwhich by sponsorship if not by content might be classified as Germanpropaganda, just as many of his colleagues were to write similar pamphlets under the auspices of theAllies, and later he was to take aposition in regard to Germany's warguilt momentarily as, if less dangerous than, any current enthusiasm forour late allies, the Russians. He wasquietly firm in the courage of his convictions and in the long run his balanced judgments were as far fromthat of the radical "revisionists" asfrom those of the "Lafayette, herewe come" writers of 1917.A political historianThere is a curious inconsistency inFerdinand's own estimates of hiswork that is more apparent than real.In December 1916 he was asked bythe Renaissance Society to do a lecture on Karl Bitter, the famoussculptor whose biography Ferdinand,a brother-in-law, had written afterthe artist's tragic death in 1915. Therequest he refused in a curiously longletter, in which he offered the baldand disturbing explanation, "I am apolitical historian." Seven yearsearlier in his Siena he had said: "Ihave not written a political historyof Siena. To be sure, I have dealtwith the political evolution of thecommune, but only as one, though animportant, phase of the larger problem of its civilization." In his letterof resignation addressed to PresidentBurton in December 1923 he gave ashis reason for an early retirement adesire "to devote myself exclusivelyto a number of comprehensive problems in the historico -philosophicalfield to which I have been drawnmore particularly during the lasttwelve years. My courses in the History of Civilization may give you anidea of the kind of thing." The threeof us who speak today had the rareprivilege of working with him whenhe came back to the University for afew years to bring to what we thencalled the "New Plan" something ofthe feeling of pioneering which hehad known in Harper's day. Whilehe was with us he completed his History of Florence, which I should guess will remain, as it is now, his mostimportant work.With the sense of form whichseemed almost innate with him, hepasses rapidly through the Roman eraand the dimly lighted centuries of theearly Middle Ages to emerge moreboldly in the period when the Italiancommunes defied emperor and pope,and then moved into the full swingof his story in the successive periodsof Dante, the Villani, and the Medici;the end comes with swift denouementat the end of the republic in 1530,after which there is no history ofFlorence as he had conceived it.Whatever his protestations one wayor the other, Ferdinand gave here asolid view of the political, constitutional and social development of themost lively of the Italian city-states,and enriched that structure with adisciplined appreciation of thoseforms of intellectual and artistic expression that have made Florence formany persons the Renaissance city.In The Great Elector, which appeared in 1947, Schevill returned toa theme often unfolded in his graduate courses of earlier years. It is abiography of Frederick William, yes,but a biography set in the cadre of anemerging nation, a Germany risingslowly from the miseries of the ThirtyYears War and pointing inevitablytoward the domination of Prussiaunder Frederick and Great.In 1949 Schevill published his volume on The Medici. This coversroughly the same scene as the secondhalf of his History of Florence, butits emphasis is directed more specifically toward the family which ruledFlorence during its golden century,for a long time in the fashion of themodern political boss, but more latterly in a more candid form of despotism. With its full appraisal of thepolitical techniques of the Medicisand of their importance as patronsof art and learning, this volume supplements the History of Florence andenriches it, but to my taste TheMedicis is the lesser book.Each of us will form his ownjudgment about the lasting value ofFerdinand Schevill's books by read ing them, but each may profit especially by reading the preface or foreword of each volume, for there hehas stated most succinctly his viewsof the historian's task and the fashionin which he, Schevill, proposes to fulfill it. Read or re-read if you will theintroduction to his History of Florence, a masterful statement of theview that the writing of history isfundamentally an art. With FerdinandSchevill this view alone was tenable.He strove with as much success asany to test his facts by such methodsas are available to the historian, buthe realized that the shaping of thosefacts into a reasoned form was animaginative and creative act. He wasmore than most of us tolerant towardmen of the past as of the present andhe was willing to look at both sidesof a question, but having formed anopinion he set it down simply andboldly, without those cautious qualifications that are the hallmark of theacademic historian. His style was asdistinctive as his interpretations. Hissentences are somewhat long formodern taste as he piled clause uponclause and phrase upon phrase, butthey are clear and often sprightly,never cumbersome and never dull.Sometimes when he was moved bysome haunting memory of a pastworld his prose becomes almostpoetry, but he was too much a manof disciplined taste to be guilty ofoverwriting.Wisdom and beautyIn his prefaces, Ferdinand Schevillindicates a recurrent anxiety lesteach book be considered a work ofsuperogation. In his Florence, for instance, he writes: "If the Arno citydoes not emerge from between thecovers of this book as a living reality,if its noble civilization does not takeon a fresh meaning, the author willand should be judged to have laboredin vain. In that case he will have noreason to complain if his book shouldswiftly make its way into the capacious limbo reserved for literaryefforts which have missed fire andserve no discoverable purpose."Whether his anxiety was real one canonly guess but one can be categoricalin denying the existence of any needfor anxiety. Here and in other bookshe brought freshness, wisdom, andbeauty to familiar topics. None of hisbooks, one might judge, will be condemned to that literary limbo Ferdinand professed to fear.James Lea CateProfessor, HistoryMARCH, 1955 27(Book<by Faculty and AlumniThe Unleashing of EvolutionaryThought. By Oscar Riddle, PhD '07.Vantage Press, New York, 1955. $4.50.The author is an outstanding investigator and teacher in the broad fieldof biology. In 1939 Time magazinesaid that Dr. Oscar Riddle ranked as"one of the half-dozen top biologistsof the U.S." The present volume willcontribute significantly to the factualeducation on the nature of man forall our fellow citizens who can faceproven facts without fear, even whensome of these facts challenge religiousand social traditions based on ignorance. The book is written for our laycitizens.In the first six chapters (pp. 3-148)Dr. Riddle outlines, clearly and factually, our present facts and theoriesas to the nature and the evolution ofman, under the following headings:From Earth-Cloud to Man; FirstPrinciples; The Problem of Creation;Evolution and Ethics; Social Inheritance; The Biological Inequality ofMan. In the next 211 pages, under theheading: Reins Held by Religions, Dr.Riddle compares the facts and theories of man's evolution with past andpresent religious traditions and theories as these influence education,ethics, sociology, and politics. Evenin this emotionally difficult field Dr.Riddle does not depart from the ethicsof science. He is factual and fair.In the last 50 pages, Dr. Riddle reports comments from some critics ofthe manuscript of the book. In fact,the author invited critical evaluationof the manuscript from seven colleagues in that many fields of specialknowledege and competence.In the final chapter, under theheading, The Broader Battle, Dr.Riddle lists the four significant problems still facing man in this field ofscience versus tradition as to thenature and the origin of man; (1) Therejection by traditional religions ofthe nature of man as revealed byscience "constitutes a dangerous cultural impasse;" (2) The scientific factsas to the nature and origin of manrender traditional supernatural theories on this problem unacceptable tomost informed citizens; (3) Manyorganized religions render notableservices to man at the same time thatthey retard or misdirect importanthuman efforts; (4) The acceptance ofhuman purposes in place of supernatural purposes is still mankind's Lewellyn"Ajax" Carlson sits for portrait on his eightieth birthday.The Credo of a Scientist"When the shadows beckon men of my years, we still have our children,we still have our dreams. I dream of a day when our leaders will actuallyput the principles of science and democracy to work in our land, inpolitics, in industry, in trade, in education; when understanding willmore than hold its own against superstition, guile, and greed; whenforce and violence is replaced by conference, compromise, and approximate justice in all our domestic and foreign policies. . . ."It is a matter of forgetting the hypothetical universe created out ofignorance and motivated by our undisciplined emotions, and a reconditioning to the actual universe as gradually understood through controlledexperiment. I think we can say, even in the face of current fears andpessimism, that during the ups and downs of the past million yearsman has gradually acquired more understanding, more freedom fromfear, more dignity, greater kindness, and a clearer conception of justice.Even though for the moment 'the bird of sorrow' is not only flyingover our heads, but is actually nesting in cur hair— to borrow a Chineseproverb — that bird will not nest in our hair forever, unless a blackouton science be decreed in every land. For, slowly but surely, the understanding of man provided by science will help to make our life moreintelligent, toil, more cheerful, fear and hatred, pain and tears lessprevalent in our life."_ _ ,A. J. Carlson(From a speech Dr. Carlson delivered to the American Association for theAdvancement of Science, on the topic, "Does the Greater Understanding ofMan and Nature Increase the Scientists Social Responsibility?")big unfinished task. This book is theproduct of the author's 78 years ofaccumulation o£ knowledge, courage,and wisdom. Dr. Riddle has rendered superior service to the human race.Frank P. Hixon DistinguishedService Professor Emeritus,Physiology28 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEADULT EDUCATIONCyril O. Houle, Professor in theDepartment of Education, and one ofthe leaders in the field of adult education, has prepared this list of recentbooks in the field which he thinkswould be of general interest.Roads to Agreement. By Stuart Chaseand Marian Tyler. New York: Harperand Brothers, 1951.In this widely read book, the Chasesdescribe successful methods in thescience of human relations. The laboratories and observation posts of universities, industry, government, andinternational bodies are the chiefsources of information.Informal Adult Education. By Malcolm S. Knowles. New York: Association Press, 1951.From his own experience and knowledge of what is being done in the field,Malcolm Knowles presents a systematic statement of the principles andprocesses of informal adult education,showing both professional and volunteer workers how to plan and conductsuccessful programs.The Future in Education. By SirRichard Livingstone. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1941.Sir Richard Livingstone presentsan appeal for liberal adult education.In his concise treatment he makes noattempt to deal with details of organization but rather to suggest the principles to be followed in designing programs for full development of allhuman beings. (In the United States,this book and another work by Livingstone are published by Macmillanin one volume with the general titleon education.)The Mature Mind. By H. A. Over-street. New York: W. W. Norton,1949.While this work has become a stapleitem in the "inspirational book" field,it grows out of Overstreet's longcareer as a professor of philosophy.It is based, says its author, on "thepsychological and psychiatric sciencesand centers in man's mental, emotional, and social maturing. As thisnew insight penetrates our common consciousness, it helps us to understand the forces that have createdour predicaments and brought usclose to destruction; and it affords theclue to our possible advance out ofchaos."Adult Education, The CommunityApproach. By Paul Sheats, ClarenceJayne, and Ralph Spence. New York:The Dryden Press, 1953.This new book brings together selections from the rich variety of writing and thinking in the field of adulteducation. The authors have interwoven the pertinent source materialswith their own analysis with particular emphasis on the communityapproach.Universities in Adult Education.Paris: UNESCO, 1952.The great role that universities haveplayed in developing adult educationin Great Britain, Canada and theUnited States is the theme of thiscomprehensive report. Leading authorities in each of the three countrieshave prepared the independent reviews of their respective countries.The introduction analyzes and compares the programs and recommendsa course of action. Great Drama in ModernTranslation . . .Euripides: Four TragediesAlcesliS— Translated by Richmond LattimoreThe Medea— Translated by RexWarnerThe Heradeidae —Translated byRalph GladstoneHippO lytUS— Translated byDavid Grenewith an Introduction byRichard LattimoreContinuing the magnificentChicago series of CompleteGreek Tragedies edited byDavid Grene and Richmond Lattimore, this splendid new volumepresents Euripides' searching insights into human ill-success andweakness with an impact comparable to that experienced byGreek audiences two thousandyears ago.244 pages $3.75The University of Chicago PressAnother ReasonA national publication, widely respected in financial circles, recently reported that many private universities and colleges are dangerously close to bankruptcy.Because of high expenses and apathetic alumni,some smaller colleges may have to close their doors.Alumni of the University of Chicago have neverfailed to demonstrate their interest in the University.Nevertheless, we need to give more— more often—that the University may continue on its path of doingbetter things towards better progress.contribute toTHE ALUMNI FUND5733 university avenue • chicagu 37, IllinoisMARCH, 1955 2996Samuel MacClintock, PhD '08, togetherwith his daughter, Cornelia MacClintockNewhall, '32, and her husband, Franklin.Newhall, '39, spent a part of last summerin Luxembourg. The purpose of the tripwas to visit the grave of 1st Lt. CharlesMacClintock who was killed in the Battleof the Bulge, and is buried in the American Military Cemetery just outside thecity of Luxembourg. To show his appreciation of this beautiful and friendlycountry, Mr. MacClintock made a giftof $500 to their organization for warorphans. Mr. MacClintock writes thatthis action was much appreciated by thepeople, and by the American Minister,and news of the gift was broadcast overthe Luxembourg radio.01-09Donald Richberg, Washington, D. C,lawyer, served on the water resourcesand power committee of the HooverCommission on the Organization of theExecutive Branch of the Government.Carey Brown, manager, Engineeringand Manufacturing Services, Kodak ParkWorks, was a member of the task forceon water resources and power of theCommission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government.Evarts Graham, MD, Professor of Surgery, Washington University School ofMedicine, served on the committee onmedical services of the Hoover Commission on Organization of the ExecutiveBranch of the Government.Adeline Meyer Cook, of Jacksonville,Fla., flew to Syracuse for the Christmasvacation to be with her son and daughter-in-law, and her two grandsons, Douglas,5, and David, 3.Grace Williamson Chamberlain hasbeen confined to the Kingston GeneralHospital, Ontario, Canada, since lastAugust, suffering from the effects of acerebral hemorrhage that occurred August 14.Dr. Reginald Ruggles- Gates, PhD, andthe former Mrs. Laura Greer announcetheir marriage, on January 1, 1955 in theVirginia City Methodist Church ofSparks, Nevada. Dr. Ruggles-Gates, Professor Emeritus of Botany, is carrying onhis work in human genetics and anthropology at Harvard.Orville Taylor, senior partner in thelaw firm of Taylor, Miller, Busch, andMagner, is a new member of the boardof trustees of Illinois Institute of Technology.Since Mary Courtenay, AM '37 retiredfrom the position of assx tant superintendent of Chicago Schools over a yearago, she has been director of the Women and Children's Division of the ChicagoHeart Association. Registered with theSpeakers Bureau of the Council of AdultEducation, she addresses youth groups,teachers' institutes and audiences ofbusiness and professional women inmany parts of the country.10Horace B. Horton, president of theChicago Bridge & Iron Co., served as amember of the committee on procurement of the Hoover Commission on theOrganization of the Executive Branch ofthe Government.Carl Kresl, director, Visking Corporation, Chicago, served as a member of thecommittee on use and disposal of surplusproperty of the Hoover Commission onthe Organization of the Executive Branchof the Government.Unified KnowledgeWilliam A. Swim, '13, MD, '15has been elected vice-president ofUnified Knowledge, an institutionrecently established in Los Angeles. Aldous Huxley is the president. The purpose of the University is to "aim at the integrationof knowledge, skills and conceptsof the student into a harmoniouspractical whole. Along with thisgoes the development of constructive social attitudes, personal integrity, and the conscious desire towork for a constantly improvingworld in which the personal freedom of the individual is limitedonly by the equal freedom for all."\11-14Vallee O. Appel, JD '14, Chicago executive, served on the task force onsubsistence services, and on the subcommittee on depot utilization of theCommission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government.John B. and Helen Deuss Hill sent aChristmas ' greeting from the State College of Pennsylvania with the news thatthey are busy reading galley and pageproof and making the index for theirtextbook, Genetics and Human Heredity,to be published this year by McGraw-Hill. Mrs. Hill is continuing her full-timejob as assistant geneticist at the U. S.Pasteur Research Laboratory while Mr.Hill writes that he is "trying hard, butunsuccessfully to be a contented creditto his retired status of Emeritus." Hewas a member of the staff of the Pennsylvania State University from 1909 to 1949, and then spent until 1952 as VisitingProfessor of Botany at the University ofMiami.Patty Newbold Hoefner writes fromHempstead, N. Y., "we have two granddaughters, almost two years of age, oneof whom lives near us, and delights usno end. I'm a laboratory assistant in aNew York City high school and enjoythe job a lot."A note from George Shaffer, '16, ofNorth Hollywood, Calif., reads, "CharlesE. Brown is in Golden Hill Hospital,1119 28th St., San Diego, 2. Brown suffered a stroke about 12 years ago, whichimpedes some locomotion, but it doesn'tin the slightest interfere with the interestand joy he gets from mail, visits, ormessages from those who knew him onthe Chicago campus." He continues apartial interest in his surety bond profession at Los Angeles.LeRoy Sloan, MD '17, has been chosenpresident of the Institute of Medicineof Chicago.15(* indicates those planning to attend theJune reunion)* John M. Allison, a CongregationalChristian minister for 33 years, is nowserving in Medusa, N. Y., a little villagein the foothills of the Catskills. He isalso registrar of the Hudson River Association of Congregational ChristianChurches, and is active in the AmericanRed Cross. Rev. Allison remarried in1952. His first wife died in 1936. He hastwo children living in Ohio.* Edwin P. Hart, for many years controller for Eversharp, Inc., has retiredfrom active business. "Health permitting," he writes, "I shall certainly attendthe Fortieth! And I trust there will bemany of our classmates to recaptureour proud past." His daughter, Betty, avocational and placement counselor atChicago, has been sending him somesplendid first-hand reports "on the wonderful progress being made continuously,both in the undergraduate as well as inthe graduate and special schools. Thenews she brings is most gratifying; itprovides additional pride in our AlmaMater."* Edward Z. Rowell, Professor of Speechat the University of California and amember of its faculty for 34 years, retired July 1st, 1954. His daughter, AnneRowell Moorhead, '41, is married, hasthree children, and is living on a vineyard ranch near St. Helena. A son, GalenAvery Rowell, 14, is attending juniorhigh school.16-19The Hon. John V. McCormick, JD, ofSuperior Court, Chicago, was named bythe Illinois Supreme Court to fill anAppellate court vacancy created by thedeath of Judge M. Tuohy. Judge McCormick served as municipal judge from1936 until his election to Superior Courtin 1953.30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEDr. Ralph Gerard, MD '25, and theformer Leona Bachrach Chalkley weremarried on campus early in January.Dr. Gerard is on leave from the University of Illinois School of Psychiatry, andis currently working on a behavioralscience project at Stanford Universityunder a Ford Foundation grant.Mervin Kelly, PhD, president of BellTelephone Laboratories, was a memberof the committee on procurement, thecommittee on business organization ofthe Department of Defense, and also waschairman of the subcommittee on research activities in the Department ofDefense for the Hoover Commission onthe Organization of the Executive Branchof the Government.Carl Nusbaum, JD '24, has opened hisown real estate brokerage in Newburgh,N. Y. His firm will specialize in NewYork throughway properties. For thetime being, he is retaining his positionas realty officer with the New York Cityfield office of the Public Housing Administration.20(* indicates those planning to attend theJune reunion)* Mrs. Edna Clark Wentworth, AM '22,section chief and social insurance analystfor the Bureau of Old Age and SurvivorsInsurance, Baltimore, Md., reports thather eldest son, who received his bachelor's degree from Swarthmore College inJune, 1953, is now in the second year ofgraduate work in physics at the University of Maryland. A second son is asophomore at Lafayette College inEaston, Penn.* Arthur H. Steinhaus, SM '25, PhD '28,is Dean and Professor of Physiology atGeorge Williams College.Lawrence Whiting is serving his 10thconsecutive term as national president ofthe Society of American Legion Founders. Whiting, a brigadier general inthe Army reserve, is president of theAmerican Furniture Mart.Dr. John J. Zavertnik, MD '24, andwife Lillian, write that their daughter,Joan Helena, and Dr. John C. Kukral, anintern at Illinois Research Hospital, weremarried on December 8, 1954. Dr.Zavertnik, is on the surgical staff of St.Anthony de Padua Hospital.21-24When Edna Eisendrath Kraus, of theWindermere East Hotel, Chicago, takeson a civic job, things have to happen.Her most recent success was her partin reviving Chicago opera through theLyric Theatre development. Edna tookmost of the South Side and many of theLoop window displays. The season ofgrand opera was a big success, no smallpart due to Edna.Arthur Beeley, AM, PhD '25, is deanof the School of Social Work and director, Institute of World Affairs at the University of Utah. He is rounding outhis 18th year as dean. In the spring of1954 he received the award for distinguished leadership in the social sciencesfrom the Utah Academy of Arts, Sciencesand Letters.Frank Roy Gay, AM, PhD, '26, a Professor at Chapman College, has beennamed Christian Teacher of the Year bythe board of education of the Disciples ofChrist. Dr. Gay has been teaching incolleges for 50 years, beginning his career at Drake University in 1905.Joseph Hall, president of the KrogerCompany, served on the committee onbusiness organization of the Departmentcf Defense, and chairman of the subcommittee on business enterprises in theDepartment of Defense of the HooverCommission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government.Ruth Harris is director of elementaryeducation for the board of education ofSt. Louis, Mo.Don Hayworth, AM, was elected toCongress from the Sixth District ofMichigan last November.Arthur Ranstead is manager of anL&H store in Hammond, Ind.George R. Taylor, PhD '29, Professorof Economics at Amherst College, iscompleting work on a book on railroadhistory from 1860 to 1890 for the HarvardUniversity Press. It will be publishedthis year. Leonard D. White, PhD, Professor ofPolitical Science at the University, wasa member of the committee on personneland civil service of the Hoover Commission on the Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government.Sidney Cohen is president of Bernstein, Cohen & Co., a clothing manufacturing company in Chicago. He andhis wife, the former Madeline Koll, '27,have two sons, Henry and Ronald, whoare attending the Harvard School forBoys.Albert Glusker is executive directorof Temple Beth Zion, in Los Angeles.Emily Anderson Roberts has beenawarded one of the 50 cash prizes in the1954 Travel contest of The Instructor.Her prize-winning essay describes a tripfrom Southern California to British Columbia which she took last summer. Mrs.Roberts is a fourth- grade teacher inImperial Beach School, Palm City, Calif.25(-'indicates those planning to attend theJune reunion)* Mrs. Virginia Buell Pope, a veteran ofover 18 years in the real estate businessin Glencoe, 111., has for the past sixyears been doing serious work in oilpainting and hopes "someday to have amore famous name for the U. of C.Magazine."NOW! life insurance protection foryour family during vital years . . .*76>e*t all premiumsreturned Mtu dividendstf,C&**. this is now possible through ^modern life insuranceplanning with the SUN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF CANADA, one ofNorth America's leading life companies. The new Sun Life Security Fund"insurance or money-back" plan enables you to provide life insurance protectionfor your family until you are 65 with a guarantee that, if you live to 65, all the. money you paid will be refunded to you in full . . . plus accumulated dividends.C/fy * * * the proceeds af age 65 can be c) used to purchase a paid-up policy fora) used to provide an annuity; the original sum assured, with ab) left on deposit with a guaranteed balance which can be taken in cashrate of interest; or as a guaranteed income.g**.*.uJ ro,*e^UN LIFE OF CANADA"""representative in your | 607 Shelby St., Detroit 26, Mich.district for more i Without obligation, I would like more details of the newinformation about the Sun Life Security Fund plan.Sun Life "money-back" 1 MAMEplan, or mail this Icoupon today, i ADDRESS I AGE MARCH, 1955 31TheHOTEL SHERRY53rd and the Lake — FAirfax 4-1000BANQUETS — DANCESOur Specialtyalumni are alwayswelcome at theHotel Del PradoFifty-Third Street andHyde Park BoulevardHYde Park 3-9600MIRA-MAR HOTEL350 Rooms— BathCoffee Shop, Valet, etc.Lovely Accommodationsfrom $4 to $66220 Woodlawn Avenue"Just three blocks from campus"PLaza 2-1100HAROLD BISHOP, Manager^(fffflEBE*"*^^^***^***11. ^^•id. a a mana a a aa_M 3) © ®O PL X aNf!5487 LAKE PARK AVE.CHICAGO, ILLINOIS&or JZeservatLom Gall:BUtterfiold 8-4960t. a. rehnquist co Sidewalksa J I Factory Floors^— *' MachineFoundationsConcrete Breaking«¦'"» NOrmal 7-0433 Meredith P. Gilpatrick, Professor ofPolitical Science, is visiting lecturer atPennsylvania College for Women for theacademic year 1954-55. In 1945 he wasappointed an attache to the AmericanEmbassy in China, and a year later anassistant professor at Ohio State University — a post he held until 1951 whenhe toured Australia as a Fulbright lecturer.Kenneth Laird, vice-president of Tat-ham-Laird advertising agency, has beenelected to the national board of theNational Conference of Christians andJews.John Merriam has retired as presidentof the Omaha Industrial Foundation, butwill continue to serve as chairman. Heremains as president of the NorthernNatural Gas Co.* Mrs. Marion Muncaster Waterman hastwo grown daughters, 21 and 24, and onegrandson. Her husband, Charles, is warehouse personnel manager for the Underwriters Salvage Co., of Chicago.* Mrs. Grace Rexroat Braner of Chapin,111., taught the first grade in Lincolnduring the 1953-54 school term "andthoroughly enjoyed it."* Irving N. Stenn, JD '27, and his alumnawife, Florence Schwab, '29, are hopingto attend the June reunion. Their son,Irving, Jr., is studying law at the University of Michigan, and daughter Enid,is attending Vassar. Mr. Stenn has beenpracticing law in Chicago since 1927.Mrs. Gladys Williams Hudson of Atlanta, Ga., writes that her husband,Charles, who is executive assistant forthe H. G. Hastings Co., has recently hada book published entitled Southern Gardening. Mr. Hudson writes a Sundaycolumn on horticulture for the AtlantaJournal Constitution, and a monthly column for Popidar Gardening. Their son,Charles L. Hudson, Jr., is in the Navy.26A. Adrian Albert, PhD '28, Professorof Mathematics at the University, hasbeen appointed by Assistant Secretary ofDefense Donald Quarles to membershipon the general sciences panel, which advises the Secretary on the pure sciencesportion of the research program of theDepartment of Defense.James Carry an, PhD, a professor at thePerkins School of Theology, SouthernMethodist University for the past 18years, retired last September.Dr. William C. Graham, PhD, will retire this June from his post as principalof United College in Winnipeg, Canada.Dr. Graham became head of the school in1938, following 13 years at the Universityof Chicago as an associate professor andlater full professor of Old TestamentLanguages and Literature. An editorialin the Winnipeg Free Press, praised Dr.Graham's leadership, and said, in part:"His decision to become the principal ofa small college was his answer to achallenge. An ardent believer in liberaleducation, and of the church's place insuch education,**he saw in the small college an opportunity to encourage in dividuality in students in a world where,even in education, conformity seems increasingly the rule."Dr. Graham will return to his scholarlywork in June, continuing his researchon textual criticism of the Old Testament.Grace Tripp, AM, has retired fromteaching and is now living in Modesto,Calif. She keeps herself busy with community affairs, League of Women Votersand church projects.Posthumous AwardA posthumous award was madeto the late Edward Torbert, PhD'29, by the Department of Interior,in recognition of his eminent career of nearly 18 years in government service. Dr. Torbert enteredthe bureau of reclamation in 1939.In January, 1953, he was loanedthrough the Technical CooperativeAdministration as adviser on waterresource development in the Hel-mand Valley of Afghanistan. Itwas while engaged in the strenuous task of organizing and developing his staff there that he wasfatally stricken with bulbar polioand died May 1, 1953. "Broad inhis thinking, considerate in his approach, firm in his beliefs, skillfulin his operations, and unyielding inhis devotion to purpose, Dr. Torbert represented the finest idealsof government service," the citation read.27-29Mary E. Jones Espenshade, AM '40,writes that she spent a very profitableand enjoyable summer in Europe withthe Great Books Seminar of St. John'sCollege. Mrs. Espenshade teaches English and social studies at the YMCADay High School.On October 17 Jeffrey Harry becamea member of the Milton Kreines familyof Winnetka, which also includes brothersRichard, Ted, and Stevie. Mr. Kreineshas his own graphic arts company andis a member of the board of the AlumniFoundation.Henry F. Otto has been named residentmanager of the Dayton office of the investment firm of Ball, Burge & Kraus.John H. Hildreth, AM, was recentlynamed control manager of the Du PontCompany's textile fibers department.Henry Leppard, PhD, is a visiting professor in the Department of Geographyat UCLA.Jacob C. Pratt, Jr., is a certified publicaccountant with the Chicago firm ofPeat, Mitchell & Co.Jerome Weiss has begun his 25th yearwith the Chicago law firm of Sonnen-scheim, Berkson, Lautmann, Levinsonand Morse.Marguerite Ducker is the administratorof Sewickley Valley Hospital in Pittsburgh.32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE31Bell Solar BatteryCalvin S. Fuller, '26, PhD '29, is holding a tube used to prepare silicon forthe Bell solar battery — the invention ofa three-man team of Bell Laboratoriesscientists, including Dr. Fuller, GeraldPearson and Daly Chapin.This invention is the first successfuldevice to convert the sun's energy directly and efficiently into useful amountsof electricity. Strips of silicon are treatedunder gas at high temperatures to permit the introduction of minute traces ofimpurities into the atomic structure at the surface of the silicon. Extremelysensitive to light, silicon strips can beelectrically linked together to deliverpower from the sun.Dr. Fuller joined Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1930. Since 1948 he has concentrated on semiconductor research andthe development of semiconductor devices. His work led to a technique ofdiffusing impurities into the surface ofa silicon wafer, and preparation basic tothe solar battery and other silicon devices.Mundy Peale, president, general manager and director, Republic AviationCorp., served on the procurement committee of the Hoover Commission for theOrganization of the Executive Branch ofthe Government.30Vindicates those planning to attend theJune reunion)* Mrs. Irma Frantz Watson and her husband, William, will celebrate their 25thwedding anniversary on June 21. TheWatsons are especially interested in thereturning to see the campus, as theywere married at Bond Chapel and heldtheir reception at Ida Noyes. Both areschool teachers; Mr. Watson is head ofthe chemistry department at MorganPark High School, and Irma teachesthe second grade at Mt. Greenwood elementary school. She writes: "Family(Wally, 18, Ed, 14) like to travel to gether, especially at Christmas time:1951, New Orleans; 1952, Southwest Arizona, Carlsbad, down Grand Canyon onmule in snow . . . Taos, etc.; 1953, motortrip through Mexico and south to Taxco;1954, Florida for deep sea fishing."* William F. Calohan of Laredo, Tex.,writes: "Family consists of my wife,Dorothy, and two red-headed girls,Peggy, 17, and Ginny, 13. We all hopeto be at the reunion."* Lillian Herman, a commercial teacherat Wells High School in Chicago, hopesto attend the June reunion but may beon her way to Europe.* Dorothy Leggitt, AM '33, a teacher atRoosevelt High School in Park Ridge,111., spent last summer teaching in theDemonstration School of AppalachianState Teacher's College, Boone, N. C.Ralph McBurney, MD, reached emeritus status last June as professor and headof the Departments of Bacteriology andClinical Pathology at the Medical College of Alabama. Annie Laurie Baker, AM, director ofsocial services at the University ofMinnesota Hospitals, was the 1954 president of the Minnesota welfare conference.Keith Bowers is assistant sales manager of the Sangamo Electrical Co., inSpringfield, 111.Allen Levin is counseling psychologistwith the Federation of Jewish WelfareAgencies in Memphis, Tenn.Florence Petzel, AM '34, is head of theDepartment of Clothing, Textiles and Related Arts at Oregon State College inCorvallis.Earl Pullias, AM, has been appointedto the board of education of Los AngelesCounty, Calif.Raymond Rockwood, AM, PhD '35 hasbeen elected president of the New YorkState Association of European Historians.He is Professor of History at ColgateUniversity.John B. Smith, AM, formerly dean ofthe Kansas City Art Institute, has beennamed head of the department and Professor of Art at Hardin-Simmons University in Abilene, Texas.32-34Carl Scheid is financial analyst withthe General Services Administration,Washington, D. C.Harold Tukey, PhD, is the editor of abook, Plant Regulators in Agriculture,published last fall by John Wiley & Sons.The book brings together the specializedBESTBOILERREPAIR&WELDINGCO.24 HOUR SERVICELicensed • Bonded • InsuredQualified WeldersSubmerged Water HeatersHAymarket 1-79171404-08 S. Western Ave., ChicagoSince 1878HANNIBAL, INC.Furniture RepairingUpholstering • RefinishingAntiques Restored1919 N. Sheffield Ave. • LI 9-7180Wasson -PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phone: Butterfield 8-2116-7-8-9Wasson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wasson DoesMARCH, 1955knowledge of 17 authorities. Dr. Tukeyhas also contributed two chapters to thebook. He is head of the Department ofHorticulture at Michigan State College.Robert Dienst, PhD, is Professor ofMedical Microbiology and Public Healthand chairman of that department at theMedical College of Georgia in Augusta.Harold R. Heininger, PhD, president ofthe Evangelical Theological School atNaperville, 111., was recently electedBishop of the Evangelical UnitedBrethren Church of America.S. Orville Baker, AM '35, is chairman,Department of English, Northern IllinoisState Teachers College at DeKalb.Col. Robert M. Davis, MD '37, is servingwith the Tokyo Army Hospital's 8059thArmy unit.| IF (| you are in a 50% income tax || bracket (or higher) — (consider the actual profit you || can make by disposing of your || marginal real estate at a paper || loss. |I WHITELY ESTATES CORP. I134 N. La Salle StreetChicago, IllinoisSTate 2-2468PURCHASERS OF UNUSUALI SITUATIONS IN REAL ESTATE IPHOTOPRESS, INC.OFFSET-LITHOGRAPHYFine Color Work a SpecialtyQuality Book ReproductionCongress St. Expressway andGardner RoadCOIumbus 1-1420AJAX WASTE PAPER CO.1001 W. North Ave.Buyers of Waste Paper500 pounds or moreScrap Metal and IronFor Prompt Service CallMr. B. Shedroff, LA 2-8354 David McCaulay, SM '40, is researchassociate at the Whiting, Ind., researchlaboratories of Standard Oil Co. (Ind.)He serves in the hydrocarbon researchdivision.M. K. Ruch, MD, is a plastic surgeonin Los Angeles. He and his wife, CarolynAsplund, '34, have a home in Pasadena.35(^indicates those planning to attend theJune reunion)* Mrs. Ethel Cuchran Schellhaas and herhusband, Roy, have taken a year's leavefrom their respective jobs and have beentouring the United States. (She is ateacher in the Chicago schools and he isin the automatic merchandising field).They have already visited Washington,Oregon, California, and Arizona, andafter the first of the year plan to tourMexico for two months. The balance of1955 will be spent in the Southeasternstates.* Mrs. Marian Gentz Johnson of Hinsdale,111., is enjoying a typical suburban life."We have four children," she writes,"Susan, 13, Nancy, 12, David 8, andMarcia, 6 ... I majored in transportationin the School of Business and think itwas well chosen — most of my time isspent routing children in and out — aswell as providing the transportation!"Mrs. Johnson is a Cub and Girl Scoutleader, and a church and Junior InfantWelfare worker. Her husband, George,a member of the village caucus, is onthe board at the Union Church of Hinsdale, a member of Kiwanis, and a BoyScout leader.* Loyd R. McCulley and wife Ruth Davishave moved to a cottage on Lido Islandin Balboa Bay, Newport Beach, Calif.With them are their two sons, George, 10,and Philip, 6. Mr. McCulley is secretary-treasurer of the Nevada Mining Corp.and the Investment Operating Corp., aswell as vice-president of the MackruthCorp., uranium mining and reductionspecialists. Last summer he took a tripto Scotland, England, Ireland, and Paris.* Mrs. Marie Molloy Kuk, a second gradeteacher in the East Aurora schools, isplanning to attend both her class reunionand the Alumni School sessions duringReunion Week. (June 1-4).Mrs. Grace Graver Riddle of Ambler,Pa., sent us the following news: "I'mmarried to Jim Riddle, an electronicstest pilot . . . and president of the National Aeronautical Corp., which manufactures electronic safety devices for airplanes. We have two darling little girls,Beth, almost ten, and Virginia, 8V2, andthree grand University of Chicago 'inlaws': Jim's sister, Elizabeth Riddle Graves(Physics Dept.); her husband, Al (atombomb) Graves, Physics Dept.; and Jim'sbrother, John, MBA '42, School of Business."Arthur Grossman, JD '37, has beenadmitted to membership in the Chicago LEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: HYde Park 3-9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERAny Insurance Problems?Phone or WriteJoseph H. Aaron, '27135 S. LaSalle Street • RA 6-1060Chicago 3, IllinoisPhones OAkland 4-0690—4-0691—4-0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueSARGENT'S DRUG STOREAn Ethical Drug Store for 100 YearsChicago's most completeprescription stock23 N. Wabash Avenue670 N. Michigan AvenueChicagoHyde Park Chevrolet5506 Lake Park AvenueComplete FacilitiesNew & Used Cars and TrucksCall DO 3-8600Satisfaction GuaranteedB-Z AUTOMOTIVECOMPLETE FRONT SYSTEM CHECK ANDESTIMATE: $1.50 (APPLIED TO REPAIRBILL). QUALITY BODY AND FENDERWORK AT REASONABLE RATES: FREEESTIMATE. LUBRICATION AND ROADSERVICE. AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONSADJUSTED-REPAIRED.MOTOR TUNE-UP SPECIALAIR FILTER AND PLUGS CLEANED • TESTVOLUME AND PRESSURE IN FUEL PUMP •TEST COIL • SET TIMING AND CARBURETOR • COMPRESSION CHECK • POINTSAND CONDENSER INSTALLED • 6 CYLINDERS $5.50, MOST 8'S $6.50 PLUS PARTS.MOTOR AND CLUTCH OVERHAULINGBRAKES ADJUSTED AND RELINEDDO 3-0100 • 5547 HARPER AVE.34 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINElaw firm of D'Ancona, Pflaum, Wyatt &Riskind.* B. Franklin Gurney, SM '38, an assistant professor of biochemistry at LoyolaDental School, has been appointed consultant to the National Board of DentalExaminers (American Dental Association) and to the Council on Dental Education of the A.D.A. Prof, and Mrs.Gurney (Jane Hebert, '36) have threechildren, Donald, Jean, and Richard, 11,8, and 5 respectively.* Charles W. Merrifield, AM '35, Associate Professor of Social Science at theUniversity of Denver, writes: "MarriedPhyllis J. Martin, San Mateo, Calif., in1941. We have two daughters, Jean, 11,Nancy, 5. After Chicago, I studied atOhio State, Harvard, Stanford, Claremont Graduate School (PhD '52). I'vebeen at Denver since 1946; USNR, 1942-46; currently inactive reserve . . ."Lt. Col. Waldemar A. Solf, JD '37, amember of the Armed Forces Staff College, Norfolk, Va., will be transferredto Fort Knox, Ky., where he will serveas staff Judge Advocate for the ThirdArmored Division. After having servedseveral years in the Judge AdvocateGeneral's office in the Pentagon, Col.Solf was assigned to Headquarters, U. S.Army, Europe, as chief of the MilitaryJustice Branch until his return to thestates in August, 1954.36Dorothy Ulrich Troubetzkoy has received the first Arthur Davison FickeMemorial Award of $200 for her sequenceof hunting sonnets, "The Pinto Deer."The announcement was made by the Society of America. Dorothy is assistanteditor of Virginia Wildlife, and art editorand columnist of the Richmond Times-Dispatch.The Dubins (Robert, PhD '47, andElisabeth Ruch, '37 PhD '46) are nowliving in Eugene, Oregon, where Bob isProfessor and Head of the Departmentof Sociology at the University of Oregon.The Dubins have two daughters; AmyChristiana, the second child, will be twoon June 15.W. Edgar Gregory was initiated intofull membership in Sigma Xi, nationalhonorary science fraternity, by the California chapter at Berkeley, in January.He is working at the university on research for his doctorate in psychologyand teaching at the College of the Pacific.James Jones has been promoted togeneral sales manager of the ArmstrongCork Company's new building productsdivision.Mobert Schnering, president of theCurtiss Candy Co., has accepted the statechairmanship of the 1955 AmericanCancer Society Crusade. The Illinois goalis $1,320,000. alumni fund donation?TWO GOOD REASONSMake a double-barreledcontribution to this year'sALUMNI FUND. Not onlywill one gift aid scores ofworthy causes — from thePolio Fight and Civic Planning to the training of Physicists and Philosophers — butyour contribution will bemore effective because itaids these causes directlyand thus more efficiently. ^'mualuiiurlitow1The federal solons recognizethe value of universities, suchas Chicago, to the nation asa whole. To aid private universities, Congress has provided in its tax laws for generous, tax deductible gifts toeducation. This program canbe successful only if you takeadvantage of it. In a sense,the government is saying: "Ifyou'll help, I'll help!11DONT FORGET5733 THE ALUMNI FUNDUniversity Avenue - Chicago 37, IllinoisMARCH, 1955 35MODEL CAMERA SHOPLeica-Exacta-Bolex-Rollei-Stereo1329 E. 55th St. HYde Park 3-9259"Neighborhood Servicewith Downtown Selection"furniturelamps— fibre rugswrought iron accessoriestelevision— radiosphonos— appliancessporting goodsGuaranteed Repairs otTV-Radio — Record Changersand electrical appliancesWE RENT TELEVISION SETS935 E. 55th St. Ml 3-6700Julian A. Tishler '33LOWER YOUR COSTSIMPROVED METHODSEMPLOYEE TRAININGWAGE INCENTIVESJOB EVALUATIONPERSONNEL PROCEDURESROBERT B. SHAPIRO, 33, FOUNDERRAND McNALLY & COMPANYConkey DivisionBook and CatalogPrinters and BindersCHICAGO • HAMMOND • NEW YORKRESULTS . . .depend on getting the detail* RIGHTPRINTINGI mprinting-Processed Letters - TypewritingAddressing - Adressographing - FoldingMailing - Copy Preparation - MultillthA Complete Service tor Direct AdvertisersChicago Addressing Company722 So. Dearborn - Chicago 5 - WA 2-4561 37-38Gunther Baumgart, MBA '39, is executive director of the American HomeLaundry Manufacturers Association, withoffices in Chicago. He was formerlymanager of the membership departmentof the Chicago Association of Commerceand Industry.Norman R. Davidson, PhD '41, Associate Professor of Chemistry at Cal Tech,received the 1954 American Chemical Society California Section Award for thecompletion of important work done byscientists under 40 in the western states.Jerome Ettelson is a new member ofthe Chicago law firm of D'Ancona,Pflaum, Wyatt & Riskind.Constance Curtis is director of publicrelations for the Rose Meta House ofBeauty, Inc., New York City.Raymond Jaffe is chairman of the Department of Philosophy at Wells College,Aurora, New York.Dr. Sunder Joshi, PhD, has been ordained a Unitarian minister. His churchis in Hinsdale, 111.Eleanor Wright Kempf is working forthe State of Arizona as a child welfareworker in the Maricopa County Department of Public Welfare. She and hertwo children, Claudia, 11, and George,10, are living in Phoenix.Hiram Kennicott, Jr., has been electedassistant secretary of Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Company and AmericanMotorists Insurance Co.William Rasmussen, SM '39, has beenappointed by the U. S. Geological Surveyas district geologist in charge of groundwater work in Delaware. He has movedwith his wife and three daughters toNewark, near the campus of the stateuniversity. He has completed studies ofground-water resources of six countiesof the Maryland Eastern Shore, releasedfor publication to the Maryland Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources.John and Margaret Me r rifled Clarkhave a new baby daughter: Marian Ruth,born last November 3. Marian is thefifth girl in the Clark family. She alsohas one brother. John is a Chicago attorney, while Margaret continues toserve on the Cabinet of the Alumni Association despite a busy household routine.40(*indicates those planning to attend theJune reunion).Arthur Azlein, DB '41, and his wife,Norma Jane Eppens, are living in Washington, D. C, where Arthur is ministerof the Michigan Park Christian Churchand Norma Jane is registrar of MarylandUniversity.William L. Gold, MBA '49, has beenappointed administrator of the newCrippled Children's Hospital in New Orleans. PENDERCatch Basin and Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sumps-Pumps6620 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUEFAirfax 4-0550PENDER CATCH BASIN SERVICEHYLAN A. NOLANCONTRACTORPLASTERINGREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. LAKE PARK AVE.Telephone DOrchester 3-1579YOUR FAVORITEFOUNTAIN TREATTASTES BETTERWHEN IT'SC Swift A Company7409 So. State StreetPhone RAdcliffe 3-7417400Webb-Linn Printing Co.Catalogs, PublicationsAdvertising Literature?Printers of the Universityof Chicago Magazine?A. L. Weber, J.D. '09 L S. Berlin, B.A. '09A. J. Faliclc, M.B.A. '51MOnroe 6-290036 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESuye Mura Honors the Late John EmbreeA Japanese village, which the lateJohn Embree, '31 visited and lived infrom 1935 to 1936 and later wrote aboutas an anthropological study, has decidedto honor his memory by establishing alibrary and public hall in his name.Dr. Embree's book, Suye Mura — AJapanese Village, gives a picture of atypical Japanese village and the volumehas been considered a classic among students of anthropology.A visitor who returned to the villagerecently, 17 years after Dr. Embree hadlived there, found that the memory ofEmbree was very much alive in theminds of the generation that knew him,as well as in the rising generation thathad come to know him by word ofmouth."His life in the village," says thevisitor, "his incessant poring over villagerecords, his continuous concern with allmanner of village matters, his schoolyard bell which is rung hourly to thisday, the Embree school wall clock whichregulates the class schedules of theyoung scholars, the songs he liked tosing, the stories about the United States he liked to tell, the sake he liked todrink, the food he liked to eat (evenhis 'barbarian' habit of seasoning his ricewith sugar) — all these and more becamepart of Suye Mura folklore."For students of rural Japan, the pioneering Suye Mura — A Japanese Village, is John Embree's legacy. For thevillage of Suye, Embree's legacy is notonly the book which introduced the village to the world, but primarily Embreethe man who loved the village, identifiedhimself with the life and work of thevillage community, and somehow succeeded in imparting to his hosts the dignity which was theirs, but which wasso rarely unacknowledged in pre-warJapan."The memorial is a costly one. Whether zeal will move mountains and thememorial to the 'strange and shy youngAmerican', as the villagers still refer tohim, will become a reality remains tobe seen. One thing though is certain:John Embree planted seeds in SuyeMura which no wave of anti-Americanpropaganda will sweep away." PARKER-HOLSMANReal Estate and Insurance1500 East 57th Street Hyde Park 3-2525UNIVERSITY NATIONAL BANK1354 East 55th StreetMemberFederal Deposit InsuranceCorporationBIRCK-FELLINGER CORP.ExclusiveCleaners & Dyers200 E. Marquette RoadPhone: WEntworth 6-5380Jw JLUU JUkJWu JU Ju. theatrical classic written byWilliam Shakespeare over300 years ago. . . packaging standard adoptedmore than 50 years agoby Hinde & DauchOahCXcFor packaging "as you like it," see <g©HINDE & DAUCHTWELVE FACTORIES IN THE EASTAND MIDWESTMANUFACTURERS OF QUALITY CORRUGATED BOXES FOR MORE THAN 50 YEARSMARCH, 1955 37BOYDSTON AMBULANCE SERVICEAuthorized Ambulance ServiceFor Billings HospitalOfficial Ambulance Service forThe University of Chicagophone NOrmal 7-2468NEW ADDRESS-1708 E. 71ST ST.RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING and DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMOnroe 6-3192GEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating-3123Lake Street -Wood FinishingPhoneKEdzie 3-3186Sun LifeAssuranceof Canada1 North La Salle St.Chicago 2, IllinoisRALPH J. WOOD, Jr., '48FR 2-2390 • GA 2-5273For DependableInsurance CounselingBusiness InsuranceEstate PlanningLife InsuranceAnnuities Svea Gustafson was married to RussellRydin in the Thorndike Hilton Chapelon November 12, 1954.* Ruth Neuendorffer of North Tarry-town, N. Y., sends us a very newsy andinteresting letter. She says: "After getting an M.A. in teaching of social studiesat Columbia, I taught social studies atLincoln School in Alabama and later atHampton Institute, Va. Was one yearwith housing project community activities, and three years as adult programdirector of the Springfield, Ohio,Y.W.C.A. . . then came a severe automobile accident in 1949 which turnedout fortunately. Revenue from this madea six months' trip to Europe possible,participating in religious conferences andbecoming acquainted with the groups inEuropean countries which have similarideas to the Unitarians in this country.After a year and a half at home, mainlystudying the German scene and goingone term to Pendle Hill, I went back toEurope. For almost two years in WestGermany I tested an original socialanalysis and became more thoroughlyacquainted with the social, political, andreligious scene ..."41Marshall Clinard, PhD, is Professor ofSociology at the University of Wisconsin.This year he and his family are in Stockholm, Sweden, where he is a Fulbrightresearch professor making a study ofthe theories, extent, and nature of crimein Sweden.Sheldon Dray was awarded his PhDdegree from the University of Minnesotalast December.Robert Koenig, PhD '53, is director ofcurriculum for the Evangelical and Reformed Church, with headquarters inPhiladelphia. Bob writes, "Because weare cooperating with the CongregationalChristian Churches in producing materials, I spend much time in Boston. It isamazing how many of their staff members are old U. of C. friends from undergraduate days."Donald C. Bergus, '42, Department ofState, was named recently as the outstanding employee in the federal government. In recognition of his administrative ability, the 1954 Arthur S.Fleming Award was presented to him inJanuary.He was nominated by the Secretary ofState and cited for his skill, tactfulness,knowledge and understanding of foreign-policy matters.As officer-in-charge, Israel-Jordan affairs, Bergus successfully coordinatedthe work of the U. S. government diplomatic missions in the Far East relatingto the United Nations Relief and WorksAgency for Palestine Refugees. He wasalso the Department's principal field representative in the Israel-Jordan conflictand handled negotiations over the useof the Jordan Valley watershed, one ofthe most critical water-supply areas inthe world. FINE BONE CHINAAynsley, Royal Crown Derby, Spode andOther Famous Makes of Fine China. AlsoCrystal, Table Linen and Gifts. Silverware.Golden Dirilyte(formerly Dirigold)FLATWARE & HOLLOW WAREWhole sets and open stockCOMPLETE TABLE APPOINTMENTSDirigo, Inc.70 E. Jackson Blvd. Chicago 4,CLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency70th YearNationwide ServiceFive Offices — One Fee64 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoMinneapolis — Kansas City, Mo.Spokane — New YorkSince 1885ALBERTTeachers' AgencyTheCollwide best in placement service for Uege, Secondary and Elementary.patronage. Call or write us at Diversity,Nation-25 E. Jackson Blvd.Chicago 4, III.ZfheLxcluHve Cleaner*We operate our own drycleaning plantTHREE HOUR SERVICE1331 East 57th St. 5319 Hyde Park Blvd.Midway 3-0602 NOrmal 7-9858Office & Plant1442 East 57th Street Midway 3-060838 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE42-44Harold Green, JD '48, has opened offices for the general practice of law inWashington, D. C. He was formerly withthe Office of General Counsel of theU. S. Atomic Energy Commission.Gregory Hedden, PhD '51, is a memberof the Du Pont Jackson Laboratory research staff, in Wilmington, Del.Robert Miller is plant manager of theDewey & Almy Chemical Co., in Lock-port, N. Y.Sol Rosenbaum is research secretary ofthe Health and Welfare Council, Indianapolis, Ind.William Albrecht, PhD, is Professorof English at the University of NewMexico.Joseph Cleary, JD '50, formerly associated with the law firm of Quinn, Rio-dan, Jacobs & Barry, has opened his ownoffice in Chicago.45Mary Helen Augustine was marriedlast October to William F. Swanson.Their home is in Lincoln, Neb., whereMr. Swanson is director of the NebraskaReal Estate Commission.Alloys F. Branton, Jr., MBA, is rehabilitation consultant in the health division of the Health and Welfare Councilof Philadelphia.Dr. Christian N. Hostetter, AM, President of Messiah College in Grantham,Pa., was a recent Alumni House visitor.The college of 250 students is on 65acres near Harrisburg and is in its 21styear. It is sponsored and supported bythe Brethren in Christ Church.Charles P. Schwartz, Jr., was marriedlast August to the former Joan Straus ofChicago (Radcliffe, '55). In October hewas assigned by Harvard University toconduct a nation-wide study of publicopinion and persuasion in modern lawpractice. He is now a research associateat Harvard. Charles' father, a prominentChicago attorney, is a member of theChicago Class of '08.46-47Connie Allenburg Katzenstein, AM '49,is living in Bedford, Mass., with her husband and two children: David, 3, andRuth, 9 months. Her husband is a physicist with M.I.T. She writes, "In sparemoments I do some work, primarilypsychological testing, at the Bedford VAHospital. We're very fond of New England, and have bought our first home."Lloyd, PhD '53, and Margaret Chave(AM '48), Fallers left last June with theirtwo children for Uganda, Africa, after ayear's teaching assignment at Princeton.Mr. Fallers has been asked to continueas director of the East African Instituteof Social Research. He will supervisestudies going on in Uganda, Kenya, andTanganyika. individual.. .distinctive. ..correctBROOKS BROTHERS' OWN MAKEREADY-MADE SUITS FOR SPRINGin a wide and interesting selectionWe carefully control every step in the making ofthese renowned suits — from the choice of finematerials (many woven exclusively for us) tothe final hand-detailing. Our own make topcoatsand sport jackets also reflect our styling, qualityand good taste. As a result Brooks Brothers ismore than a name... it has come to represent awhole distinctive manner of dressing.Our Oven Make 3-Piece Ready-Made Suits, jrom $95Sport Jackets, $ 7 5 to $ 8 5 • Topcoats, jrom $ 1 0 5ESTABLISHED 1818G^THIJfalien's furnishings, flats ^$boes346 MADISON AVENUE, COR. 44TH ST., NEW YORK 17, N. Y.1 1 1 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 6, N. Y.BOSTON • CHICAGO • LOS ANGELES • SAN FRANCISCO^\te,moria iYou can get the answers to theseand other life insurance questionsfrom the UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO men listed below. Theyare all New England Mutualagents — trained to help you planyour future. There are some 1300of them all over the country. Inyour community there's a NewEngland Mutual agent. He'll beglad to help you — without obligation.Harry Benner, '12, ChicagoGeorge Marselos, '34, ChicagoRichard M. Rohn, '37,Grp. Manager, ChicagoPaul C. Lippold, '38, ChicagoRobert P. Saalbach, '39,Des MoinesJames M. Banghart, '41,Agy. Mgr., St. PaulJohn R. Down, '46, ChicagoJohn P. Mack, '48, ChicagoThe NEW ENGLANDMUTUAL ^ Life Int. Co.of Boston Edith M. Brace, SM '96, former teacherof science at Erasmus High School,Brooklyn, died in November. She hadretired in 1939.Raymond G. Scott, MD '97, died December 8.Dr. Evert H. Adams, MD '97, diedNovember 28 at the age of 82, in Quimby,la.Miss Frances May Roberts, '01, diedNovember 28 in Omaha, Neb., followingan operation. She had taught English formany years in Nebraska high schools.Miss Florence Irene Morrison, AB '02,AM '05, died December 1 at her homein Indianapolis, Ind. From 1924-51 MissMorrison taught Spanish at Butler University, and was an associate professorat the time of her retirement.Dr. David John Davis, MD '03, PhD '05,Dean Emeritus of the University of Illinois medical school, died December 18at his home in Wilmette, 111., at the ageof 79. Dr. Davis was widely known forhis research and publications in thefields of bacteriology, epidemiology, public health, and medical history. He washistorian of the Illinois State MedicalSociety.Mrs. F. Howard Lane, (Portia Carnes),PhB '08, died April 30 in Chicago.Mrs. Hortense Becker Stumes (Mrs.Charles), PhB '08, died January 12 ather home in Glencoe, 111. She was adirector of the women's division of Jewish Charities of Chicago and was alsoactive in the social service division of theRed Cross and Sunset Camp for Girls.Frank Herbert Templeton, PhB '09,died December 10 in Highland Park, 111.He was a partner of Gillis & Co., lumberwholesalers.The Honorable Roy Hood Beeler, JD'10, attorney general of the State ofTennessee, died in September in Nashville, Tenn.William H. Kadesch, PhM 10, PhD '15,died November 14 at Alamosa, Colo.Walter S. Hunter, '12, Professor ofGenetic Psychology at Brown University,died last summer.George W. Grossman, AM '14, died lastMarch in Grand Forks, N. C.A. D. Mann, '14, died December 16 athis home in Spencer, la. He had beenin the furniture business for severalyears.Charles C. Conley, '15, died August 18,in Tuscon, Arizona.Verne F. Swaim, PhD '14, died January 5, 1954, of a heart attack. Dr. Swaimwas chief scientist, advisor and consultant to the commanding officer onresearch and test work at the NavalAviation Ordnance Test Station, Cinco-teague, Virginia. He is survived by hiswidow, Gladys Ditewig Swaim, '14. Frank Prouty Abbott, JD '16, an attorney, died December 17 in Danville, 111.Dr. Florence Aline Austin, '17, MD '18,died September 20 at Ukiah, Calif.Jacob Millison Kinney, PhD '17, formerhead of the department of mathematicsat Wilson Junior College, Chicago, diedJanuary 19 at his home. A former mathematics editor of the School Science andMathematics Magazine, Mr. Kinney wasco-author of a college textbook, Introductory Mathematical Analysis.Mrs. S. J. Tucker (Mignon Rubinson),ex '23, died June 30 in Chicago.Bequeaths Civic CenterThe town of Batavia, 111., willhave a new $125,000 memorial civiccenter because of the generosity ofMyrtle D. Bartholomew, '16, whodied January 9.Miss Bartholomew, 73, had beena life-long resident of Batavia, andher neighbors had believed her tobe of modest means. When herwill was read, they learned she hadbequeathed them funds for a civiccenter and $2,000 each to four Batavia churches, the public library,and the Geneva Community Hospital."Miss Bartholomew was extremely generous, but she lived soquietly and modestly that mostBatavians didn't dream she hadany money," said Attorney Emil J.Benson, executor of her will.Miss Bartholomew lived quietlyin a cottage while earning a smallsalary as a dietitian at Mooseheart,the fraternal order's "child city."Dr. William Holt Smith, PhD '25, former head of social sciences, departmentof religion, at William Jewell College,Liberty, Mo., died November 20 at hishome in Redlands, Calif.Dr. Smith taught at Jewell from 1929-38, when he went to Redlands to teach atthe University of Redlands, a Baptistschool. He retired about five years agoto go into the real estate business.Marjorie Anderson, PhD '26, chairmanof the department of English at HunterCollege, New York City, died November29 at the age of 62. She had been onthe Hunter faculty since 1927.Jean Siddall, '30, a former teacher inArmstrong School, Chicago, died October4.W. Ray Ashford, PhD '32, died Decem-• ber 26 at Gambier, Ohio. He was a member of the Romance Languages Department of Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio,for over 30 years.40 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEA New England Mutual Agent answers some questions aboutthe money a man can earnselling life insuranceFIVE YEARS AGO, Bob Yackcls was a senior at MichiganState College. Today, he's the New England Mutualagency manager in Davenport, Iowa — an impressiveexample of the opportunities a career with NewEngland Mutual can offer a man. There are more than900 other college trained New England Mutual agents.Their careers also prove that, in life insurance, income iain direct proportion to industry and ability.The NEW ENGLANDMUTUAL How much income can a new agent expect to make?"I'll give you an example of five new men who were trained asa group in one of our eastern agencies. They were between 24to 31 years old. Only one had any previous experience in lifeinsurance. By the end of the first year their incomes rangedfrom $3532 to $5645. With renewal commissions, first year earnings would be from $5824 to $9702. The average: $7409."How does the Company help the agent get started?"First — a generous financing arrangement which enables theagent to earn while learning. Second — a comprehensive training program, including Home Office courses and field supervision, which develops the professional ability typical of the NewEngland Mutual representative. Third — a continuing servicewhich keeps him posted on economic factors involving life insurance, and outlines fresh sales techniques and new avenues ofopportunity. Then there is the support afforded by the Company's advertising campaign in leading national publications.You see, it's not only a matter of helping the agent get started.He's given practical support and service throughout his career."would my income prospects be as I gainWhatexperience J"One of our Company associations, 'The Leaders', has a membership of nearly 350 successful agents, most of them veterans.Take the average Leader. He's 46 years old, married, with twochildren. He's a college man, owns his own home, and earns$16,000 a year. But there's no ceiling on earnings or waiting foropportunity. Your own efforts and ability pay off directly."How can I tell if life insurance is for me?"The Company has a proved selection process for determiningyour aptitude and will tell you frankly what your chances arefor success. If you're interested, write Vice President L. M.Huppeler, 501 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts. Noobligation will be implied, either way.Or if you want, send first for the bookletbelow. It tells why 17 men chose a business career in life insurance selling."Li/e InsuranceCompany of BostonTHE COMPANY THAT POINDED MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE IN AMERICA - 183S New England Mutual Life,Box 333-2A, Boston 17, MassachusettsName. Address .City Zone State.ASpecialMany are the reasons to send acheck to your ALUMNI FUND. Butthis picture should remind you of areason you may not have thoughtabout before. The photo was takenat Bobs Roberts Hospital For Children at The University of Chicago.Remembar that the University alsosupports a half dozen other hospitalsand clinics, besides the OrthogenicSchool.ONLY A UNIVERSITY LOOKING BEYONDTHE WINDOWS OF ITS LIBRARIES AND LABORATORIESWILL RESPOND TO THE NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY- AT- LARGETHE UNIVERSITY NEEDS YOUR HELP TO MAINTAIN ITS TRADITION OF SERVICEBE SURE TO REMEMBERThe University of Chicago Alumni Foundation5733 University Avenue • Chicago 37, Illinois