MAY, 1953 MAGAZINEHEMINGWAY'S HEROPage 10Thought ControlLaird Bell Cissie's Last Laugh. . . A ReportREWAUDII_ _ IlHIS is a most unusual reward: First of allyou don't receive it — you give it!By doing so you become a welcomed member of the Century Club.Your name is then inscribed on the CenturyClub Honor Roll, hung permanently in Alumni House.Your University adds your gift to its unrestricted funds with which it meets emergencies, fendsoff further deficits — and provides for others the kindof education which you enjoyed.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI FOUNDATION5733 UNIVERSITY AVENUE • CHICAGO 37 • ILLINOIS1 jljVlHemo f^adHere we go againThere are 7,000 students, graduatedfrom college since 1945, who promise tobe the nation's top scholars of tomorrow.They were graduated with bachelordegrees from 562 of our 800 colleges anduniversities.Nearly 6,000 are men; 1,000 are women.The 12 top schools in the all male distribution are:1. Swarthmore 7. Carleton2. Reed 8. Princeton3. Chicago 9. Antioch4. Oberlin 10. Harvard5. Haverford 11. Yale6. C.I.T. 12. Queens (N.Y.)The 12 top schools awarding bachelordegrees to the women scholars are:1. Bryn Mawr 7. McMurray2. Barnard 8. Mt. Holyoke3. Radcliffe 9. Smith4. Vassar 10. Sienna Heights5. Cornell 11. Chicago6. Pennsylvania 12. North CarolinaAnd where do these young people gofor their Ph.D.'s? Seventy-five per centof them attended 25 of the 130 universities qualified to grant this degree. Thefirst 12 in order of preference:1. Harvard 7. Illinois2. Columbia 8. Cornell3. Wisconsin 9. Michigan4. Chicago 10. N.Y.U.5. California 11. Yale6. Ohio State 12. StanfordThere are lots of conclusions to bedrawn from these statistics. ProfessorsRo"bert H. Knapp and Joseph J. Green-baum, both of Wesleyan University, drawand publish them in THE YOUNGERAMERICAN SCHOLAR: His CollegiateOrigins (University of Chicago Press,$3.00).An interesting incidental discovery:Schools with high tuition produced thegreater number.Glamour through scienceOf the many campus visitors in Marchone was movie maker Cecil B. De Mille.It seems that Mr. De Mille wants tohave authentic detail of the countryside, arts and crafts of Egypt around1250 B.C. He is preparing for his nextstupendous epic, "The Ten Commandments." Where else should he go butto our Oriental Institute?There he met Keith C. Seele, Professor at the Institute and editor of theJournal oj Near Eastern Studies.Professor Seele, one of our experts onEgypt, says that he was impressed withthe serious way Mr. De Mille and histechnical advisors went about gatheringdata. He was also pleasantly surprised VISITOR C. B. DE MILLE, AT ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHECKS ANCIENT BOATSwith the amount of reading they haddone before seeking the advice ofscholars.Mr. De Mille, on the other hand, musthave been impressed with the knowledgeand cooperative attitude of the Professor,because the recent "Oscar" winner haskept up a steady correspondence since.When in doubt about facts or detailhe writes to Chicago. Item: What does"Moses" mean? Roughly, "child" or "onewho is given birth." Item: Should thepyramids of today be used as backgrounds for the film? Not if authenticityis to be maintained. During the time ofRameses II the pyramids were coveredwith limestone casing blocks, whichmade them smooth-sided. Now they areworn into steps.Crescot Scientia.Cleveland's student partyChicago students from Cleveland, homefor spring recess, were hosts to prospective Chicago students on Thursday,March 26th, at the home of Mrs. PaulOppmann (Katherine Herbolsheimer,'38). Chairman of the student entertainment committee from Chicago was HelenSimpson, of our College. Helen is thepersonable daughter of Gordon H. Simpson. '21, and Helen McWorter, '18, ofCleveland.The eight o'clock mailSome observations aroused by the article of my countryman, colleague andfriend, Mr. Othman might perhaps be inorder.It is true that the Arab world andthe whole Near East is predominantlyMohammedan. Yet the mischievous and the ignorant have tended to interpretthis fact in a way which would dismissthe Near East as a region irreconcilablewith the "Christian" West. No more untrue is this vieto than in the case ofthe Syrian member of the family ofArab peoples, to which Mr. Othman andmyself belong. . . .. . . Civilization first took root inSyria's soil, Syria was an outstandingcontributor to the different "worlds" inwhich she happened to live — the "Greco-Roman,", the "Byzantine," the "Islamic,"and toddy the "Arab." To her, therefore,the present does not pose a problem inthe joiner of cultures or their meeting,rather of cultivating in her people theconsciousness of . . . her historical tradition with its comprehensive and unifying cultural approach. Historically the"West" is of her culture as much asIslam today.Mr. Othman, in his dangerous generalizations, unqualifiedly speaks of "Arab,""Arab mind," "pure Arab culture," . . .What Arab is it that he discusses? . . .Geographically, socially and historically,the Arab world comprises a collectivityand not a unity. . . .Certainly the riches of Syria's historical tradition would discredit such misrepresentations as Mr. Othman indulgesin when he speaks of clannish or tribalorganization and blood-feuds as integralin the social organization of his people. . . or [when he speaks of] the horizonof the people "so narrow and 'World'of the individual [being] an area ofabout five square miles." ... I wouldonly remind my colleague Mr. Othmanof [the fact that there are] over a million Syrian emigrants in every cornerof the world. . . The very town of Bethlehem, the next door neighbor of Mr. Oth-MAY, 1953 1Sometime in his life,almost every mandreams of being a"T X Tant the regular, Mr. CunninghamV V — medium on the sides and clipperin back? Fine. Would you mind holdingyour paper up for a minute so I can getthis cloth set? There, that does it."I see you're reading about SkipperDrake, too. He's doing all right for himself, isn't he?"Sure, it's a lot of money. But I guessSkipper is worth it. He's the best hitter inthe league and a terrific drawing card. Guess the club can well afford to pay himeighty thousand a year."Maybe you didn't know it, Mr. Cunningham, but I used to play a little baseball myself — thirty, thirty-five years ago.Did it for fun, mostly. But I always hada kind of sneaking ambition to get on abig-league team. You know — play myway to fame and fortune and all that."Never made it, though. It's like thatwith a lot of kids, I guess. You dream ofbeing a big leaguer or a great inventor ora captain of industry or something — andthen you wind up just doing a job."It used to worry me that I wasn't onmy way to being a millionaire. And afterI got married and started raising a familyI tried to figure out all kinds of ways tomake a heap of money in a hurry."A little more off the top? Why sure,Mr. Cunningham."You know Ted Barrows, the NewYork Life agent down the street? Yes, Iguess, most everybody in town does. Well,Ted's the man who set me right about thewhole thing, back about twenty-five yearsago. He was in here one day, in this samechair, getting a haircut just like you, andwe got to talking about exactly this sortof thing. 'I'll tell you,' Ted said to me,'What really counts isn't how much moneyyou make, but how much security andpeace of mind you buy with what youdo make.'"Well, one word led to another, as they say, and before long Ted Barrows wasback here showing me how, just by puttingthe price ot a few haircuts into life insurance every so often, I could set up a fundfor my family in case I died and at thesame time start building something formy own old age."I guess the reason I'm telling you allthis is that the other night Marie and Ifinally decided to sell the shop and moveto the little place up in the country wherewe've been spending our vacations. It'snothing fancy, but it'll do — especiallywith our daughter married and young Joeworking in Chicago."No, I never got to be a Skipper Drakeor anything like that, but I figure I'vedone pretty well for my family and myself over the years, at that."Haircut look all right to you? Thanksvery much, Mr. Cunningham — and comein again. I'll probably be busy fishing, butthe new man will take good care of you."few occupations offer a man so much inthe way of personal reward as life underwriting. Many New York Life agents arebuilding very subs tan tial futures for themselves by helping others plan ahead fortheirs. If you would like to know moreabout a life insurance career, talk it overwith the New York Life manager in yourcommunity — or write to the Home Officeat the address below.NEWYORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY51 Madison Avenue, New York 10, N. Y.Naturally, names used in this story are fictitious.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfnJpeMttye/\MAGAZINEVolume 45 May, 1953 Number 8IN THIS ISSUEThought Control, Laird Bell 5Hemingway's Hero, E. M. Halliday 10Cissie's Last Laugh 15Thought For Food 18DEPARTMENTSMemo PadBooks 1 Reader's Guide 2222 Class News . ....... 24COVER: Ernest Hemingway, writer.Cover by Paul Radkai — Charles Scribner s Sons. Photo on page 1 byChicago Sun-Times, on page 4 by Stephen Lewellyn, page 12 PenguinPhoto, and page 13 The Museum of Modern Art, New York City. Thefigures on pages 6 and 9 are from Rockefeller Chapel.PUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONEditorHOWARD W. MORTExecutive SecretaryAlumni FoundationJIM ATKINS Associate EditorAUDREY PROBSTStaff PhotographerSTEPHEN LEWELLYN Associate EditorHAROLD E. DONOHUEDirectorAlumni EducationDONALD S. BARNHARTPublished monthly, October through June, by The University of Chicago Alumni Association, 5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, Illinois. Annual subscription price, $3.00.Single copies, 35 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934, at the PostOffice at Chicago, Illinois under the act of March 3, 1879. Advertising agent: TheAmerican Alumni Council, B. A. Ross, director, 22 Washington Square, New York N. Y.man's native village, has over half of itssons and daughters abroad! [When hesays that] "the majority [of the people]are not yet sufficiently emancipated toaccept leaders from their own ranks," itmakes me feel that Mr. Othman is completely in the dark about the history ofthe national movements among his ownand the other Arab peoples.George N. SfeirLawThen, at nine . . ,Dr, Stephen B. L. Penrose, Presidentof the American University of Beirut,has given me a tear sheet of the article,"When the Twain Have Met" by AliOthman which appeared in the March1953 University of Chicago Magazine.Since this splendid feature would beof great interest to the 10,000 readers ofthe Bulletin of the Near East Society,may I have your permission to reprintit. . . ."Sincerely yoursVirginia Botsford, EditorThe LiteratiReaders of the Magazine probablyknow by now that students from alllevels of the University are taking muchmore interest in their own activities,such as Cap & Gown. But one group receives little publicity as its members goabout the business of producing a worthwhile magazine: the Chicago Review.This forty- cent quarterly (the Winterissue has just come out) contains morethan the staff's own literary gems — as somany student publications seem to do.Anyone's work will be accepted as longas it measures up to what the editorsthink good. The faculty has and will berepresented. And, I am told, the editorsnow seek more manuscripts from alumni.The address: Reynolds Club.Boston Symphony benefitThe Women's Board of our CancerResearch Foundation brings the BostonSymphony orchestra to Orchestra Hallon May 15th.OhThe March issue is, as usual, excellentreading from cover to cover. In particular I enjoyed the article on TVNursery School. However . . . on P. 14reference is made to nurses beingtrained in medical schools. At presentmost nurses are prepared in schools ofnursing . . .(Mrs.) Gladys WilkinsActing Chairman, Dep't. PediatricNursing, School of Nursing,U. of Pittsburgh.QuickNews weekly Quick hit the March30th newsstands with a University of Chicago Magazine headline on Page 26under "News from the Magazines."It was a quick review of Lloyd Warner's March article: That a Man Can"Get Ahead." We think it was Cissie'sillustrations that attracted their attention. They ran one of her strips at thebottom of the review.Honoring Charles E. MerriamHonoring the late Charles E. Merriam,the Political Science Department has announced an annual essay contest in thefield of government. The award is $200,established by son Charles J. Merriam,'22, JD '25, a Chicago attorney.A Charles E. Merriam fellowship inPolitical Science is also being established by alumni, colleagues and friends.Gifts can be made to the Charles E. Merriam Fellowship Fund, 5801 EllisAvenue, Room 501, Chicago 37.Stagg9 s health in 1913George B. McKibbin, JD 13, writes:I was browsing through . . . the January issue [of the MAGAZINE] for1913 . . . Look on page 72.Coach Stagg, after having given twentyyears of the best years of his life to theUniversity, was suffering from ill health.The editor was apparently pleading thatthe University go easy on him . . .The article stresses that "Mr. Stagg isnow 50 years old." And, by golly, we'dbetter relax some of the tension and responsibility if we are to expect any morethan the best 20 years of his life.No comment. — H.W.M.MAY, 1953 3The short step toTHOUGHT CONTROL"Freedom of thought is not just anindulgence for a few professors'9by Laird Bell, JD, '07Chairman, Board of TrusteesInvestigations have become thegreat political sport of the time. Weare witnessing from day to day ascramble, that would be funny if itsresults were not so disturbing, to seewhich statesman can get to the universities first in his hunt for subversives. That the institutions are beinginvestigated at all is bad enough, butthat the investigations are conductedin defiance of all the rules of fairdealing makes the sporting eventpretty unpleasant to contemplate.For what the public remembers isapt to be that there was an investigation of the institution or of its teachers, not what it revealed, if anything.The University of Chicago was investigated ih 1935 and again in 1949,but I doubt whether many rememberthe results of either investigation.Neither one found any Communistsnor any Communist indoctrination of students; the worst adjective thatcould be found for any activities wasthat some of them were deemed inthe judgment of the committee to be"undesirable." Yet there is no positive and dramatic way in which auniversity can rebut charges andprove its integrity. They can't bedisproved, yet the memory of thecharges lingers on.Let us first clear away, if we can,some of the questions that may betroubling the public. Part of the pub-ALUMNUS, TRUSTEE, LAWYER BELL This article is an address givento the Citizen's Board of the University in March, entitled "Legislative Investigations."Mr. Bell, who has been a Trusteefor twenty -four years, is a memberof the Board of Overseers of Harvard, chairman of the Board ofTrustees of Carleton College, andhas served as President of theHarvard Alumni Association. Hewas a member of the recentCommittee on Financing HigherEducation. lie tends to consider almost all universities Red. To some extent thischarge merely represents the currenttendency to hang the Communist tagon any liberal thought. To a greaterextent it is ignorance of the nature ofa university and of what goes onthere. So far as concerns actual Communism, I can't imagine any university in a free country that is notopposed to its spread.We want no teacher on the campuswhose purposes are subversive. Wewant no teacher on the campus whosethinking must conform to a party lineor be directed by a hostile foreignpower. We want no teacher who isnot free to search for and transmitthe truth as he sees it. If there aresuch teachers, we have no desire toprotect them. If there are such subversive activities, we will cooperatein their eradication.There are appropriate authorities todeal with such matters. The presentgrand inquisitors who are pursuingsubversion with such fanfare and starchamber methods are not, however,MAY, 1953 5LEARNING: "A SCHOLAR MUST BE FREE TO THINK AND TO SAY WHAT HE THINKS."by their present activities likely toachieve any such results. You can'trun down conspirators by broadcasting under klieg lights. The FBI doesnot publicize its clues first and lookfor the miscreant later. For all thefuror of investigations over the years,precious little has been accomplished.The constitutional justification forlegislative investigation is based uponthe right of legislators to find thefacts upon which to base legislationor to check up on the executive'sproper performance of its duties. In theory it is a search for facts. Inpractice it becomes a form of prosecution.In two main respects, however, itdiffers from a prosecution. First, thepractice violates elemental principlesof justice in that the committee isboth prosecutor and judge. It sets outto prove some facts and then decideswhether it has proved them. Almostequally important is the fact thatnone of the safeguards which arethrown about the ordinary prosecution in our system of law exists in the legislative procedure. No neutraljudge protects a witness. A man maybe pilloried without advance notice ofthe charge. He has no opportunity toconfront his accusers. He has no right¦ to be heard in his own defense.Dr. Condon, of the Bureau of Standards, spent some years by his ownefforts and those of other eminentscientists to testify in his own defenseon charges against his loyalty. A witness is not entitled as of right to havehis own counsel. He has no right tocross-examine.It used to be an axiom that a manwas presumed to be innocent untilproved guilty, but with the hippodrome procedures that committeeshave developed the accusation is nowbroadcast by press, radio and television and any answer that the accused may be able to make getsprinted a week later — and then buriedon page 14. Inevitably in the publicmind the accusation tends to producean impression of guilt.That the statesmen themselves realize that they are conducting a sort ofkangaroo court was illustrated by alittle incident some time ago. Asenate committee was threatening toput a fellow statesman himself on thestand. With delightful unconsciousness of the irony, the Senator wasreported in the press as saying thathe would not appear unless he couldhave counsel and could cross-examine, and he wound up by saying thathe did not propose to provide a Roman Holiday for the committee.Privileged immunityOver and above all this is the atmosphere which has been generatedabout these proceedings. The hostility and suspicion, the bullyraggingtactics which frequently would be adisgrace to a police court, and thetremendous apparatus of publicity,mikes, hordes of reporters, glaringlights, photographers popping away,and now television, all contribute toa circus atmosphere, the effect ofwhich is devastating.I should mention also the fact thatthese proceedings are privileged —that is to say the participants maysay what they like under, immunity oflegislative protection. Not only that,but the reports of these hearings areprivileged too. The press and radiobroadcast them with genuine pleasureand abandon.I emphasize these procedures because while they are unfair to anyvictim of an investigation they arepeculiarly unfair to universities. Itis not easy for business men to acceptthe idea that a university is, unlike a6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEbusiness, not an organization of employees responsible to a hierarchy ofbosses, but merely a loose collectionof individual scholars. This is andalways has been the essence of a university. It is a community of scholars.A man enters university life becausehe wants to teach or to do researchor both. To do a job he must havefreedom to go his own way. He knowshe cannot expect the ordinary economic rewards for industry and ability, and he trades these rewards forindividual freedom. The head of auniversity cannot give orders. Hemust proceed with infinite patience,by persuasion. Professors simply can'tbe pushed around. A scholar must befree to think and to say what hethinks.Good causesFreedom of thought in a universityhas two aspects, which are often confused. One is the freedom of thescholar to search for the truth and toteach the truth as he sees it. This isthe heart of higher education. I willcome back to this later. The otheraspect is based on the principle thatthe scholar should have the samefreedom to speak, to vote, to joinorganizations, in general to conducthimself within the bounds of propriety, as any other citizen. It is particularly this aspect of freedom thatgets the institutions into the hottestwater.Professors have a great weaknessfor good causes. They are naturallysought after by propagandists for allsorts of apparently worthy public enterprises, and they are probably human enough to like seeing their nameson the letterheads of the innumerableorganizations for the betterment ofmankind. But this flair for sponsoringdo -good enterprises has brought intoplay the whole apparatus of guilt byassociation.Subversive listsA certain official sanction for theprinciple of guilt by association wasgiven some years ago in connectionwith the loyalty investigations. TheAttorney General issued a list of organizations believed by him to beeither Fascist or Communist fronts.In issuing the list the Attorney General said, "membership in, affiliationwith or sympathetic association withany organizations designated is simplyone piece of evidence which may ormay not be helpful in arriving at aconclusion as to the action which isto be taken in a particular case. Guiltby association has never been one ofthe principles of our American juris prudence." These cautionary words,however, were, so to speak, in the fineprint and very few of the inquisitorsseem to have read that far in thebook.This method of proscribing organizations, however, set the fashion fora flood of such lists. Not to be outdone by any attorney general, theDies Committee, which was the predecessor of the present Un-AmericanActivities Committee of the House,got up its own and much more expansive list. State after state followed, each with its own list. Nowliterally hundreds of organizationsare listed.Some idea of the standard which isused in making such determinationsmay be gained from a statement bythe chairman of the little Dies Committee of the State of Washington.This gentleman said: "If someone insists that there is discriminationagainst Negroes in this country, orthat there is inequality of wealth,there is every reason to believe thatperson is a Communist."A few of these proscribed organizations may have been subversive in conception. It is more likely,however, that most of them werevirtuous enough in original intention.Some of them undoubtedly weretaken over or at least infiltrated bydesigning Communists. That Communists elected to corrupt or manipulate the organization hardly makesthe original sponsors Communists unless they consciously continued an active part in them.PeaceThe professional investigators, however — and there is a fairly well organized profession of these gentlemen — make no such distinctions. Theydo not bother about such details. Ifa well-meaning professor once joinedsuch an organization he is representedas subversive for all time.College professors are particularlysusceptible to organizations that wantto promote peace. I submit that adesire for peace is not in and of itself subversive. Probably, too, peacemovements have been particularly attractive to infiltrating Communists.There would seem, however, to be nosin in a professor favoring peace unless he continues his membershipwith knowledge that the organizationis being used subversively. Yet it isonly with difficulty, and usually toolate, that he is able to show that hewas ignorant of the subversive character or had dissociated himself fromthe group.Of course, a man is knowTn by the company he keeps, but the persistentjoiner of apparently virtuous movements convicts himself by that fact ofnothing but perhaps poor judgment.The real subversive keeps out ofsight.Our own FBI?It is frequently said that educationshould clean its own house. In thinking of what this means I ask those ofyou who have businesses to considerwhat it would do to the morale ofyour organization if directly, or bypussyfooting methods, you were toinstitute an inquiry of your employees as to their political views.I have already said that we do notwant Communists to teach. We areconfident that we have none, and surethat we want none. But I submit that,particularly in view of the individualistic nature of a college faculty,any attempt to set up our own FBIwould be devastating to faculty morale. Neither we nor any other university that respects the independenceof its faculty people can or will do it.Many voicesThe public is apt to attribute to auniversity the views of some of itsmost vociferous teachers. This, as Ihave tried to point out, is based onan entire misconception of the natureof a university. A university is a community of individual scholars. A trueuniversity will have on its staff representatives of all respectable views.Some of these views are bound to beunacceptable to some part of the public. When a professor speaks out onbehalf of an unpopular cause, withsome little extra significance becauseof his academic connection, it not onlybecomes news, but is apt to be attributed to the university as a whole.The public doesn't consider that otherand perhaps more acceptable ideasmay be held by many more of thefaculty.For example, there are some whothink that the University of Chicagois radical. Yet the Economics Department includes Professor Hayek, author of "The Road to Serfdom," andfamous as an arch conservative,and the whole economics faculty isconsidered in the profession as beingunduly weighted in favor of so-calledclassical economists. When at thetime of Korea the question of controlscame up, seven of the most distinguished members of the staff issueda pamphlet urging that no controlswere necessary except such as couldbe exercised through sound policiesMAY, 1953 7in the Treasury and the Federal Reserve. This was sound enough, but itattracted little notice. However, letsome well-meaning professor breakout in public in an unorthodox way,it is suddenly news. The reason thatit is news when a man bites a dog isthat so many men don't bite dogs.This unfortunate situation is theprice we pay for having a faculty ofindependent thinkers that treasuretheir freedom. A faculty of timidapple-polishers may not make somany headaches for the administration: neither will it have many menof the kind that give a university distinction. It is no accident that it isthe leading free institutions that areso often under fire.Teaching About CommunismLet us now come back to the otherand principal aspect of freedom ofthought in a university which may beaffected by investigations — the freedom of the teacher to seek the truthand pass it on. This is the one essential for higher education. It has beenthe strength and virtue of universities over the centuries. Without itthey wither away. It must be protected at all costs. Yet I am afraidthere is a considerable part of thepublic which is vaguely and perhapsunconsciously suspicious of this freedom.A university should not and doesnot teach any one doctrine. It has noright to proselytize for any doctrine,be it radical or conservative. Butneither is it doing its full duty tostudents in a controversial field unless its staff presents a fair picture ofall material doctrines. Let us takethe whole issue of Communism.Communism exists, and it is dominant in a large part of the world today. Do we want the young to comeout of college without knowing whatit is? I submit that no student todayis prepared for life unless he knowsnot only what Communism is, butalso what makes so many millions accept it— why it has some sort of appeal, as has been said, to the Indonesian native in a loin cloth and anoccasional sophisticated scientist in ablue serge suit.The student ought to know, too,more precisely than I do and I suspect more precisely than most of youdo, just what the much criticizedKeynesian doctrines are and what isgood about them and what is bad.The student had better learn aboutthese things at the same time helearns about other more orthodoxsystems. He does learn about these, but that isn't news. If he has anysubstance he will decide for himselfon these questions, know not onlywhat he thinks but why, and havethe conviction that comes from havingthought matters out for himself. Ifour free enterprise system is as goodas I think it is, I shall not worryabout what conclusion the studentswill come to.There is one by-product of theseprinciples which probably should bementioned here. As I have said, theuniversity has a duty to present allviews. It is equally true that the students are entitled to know the background and bias of the professor presenting the views. This is germanebecause in these investigations an occasional teacher will work himself upinto a feeling that he has a duty tostand on his constitutional rights andinsist that he cannot be required tostate his political beliefs and he willtherefore refuse to answer as to them.I am not questioning the right ofany private individual to refuse todisclose his views, but I believe thata teacher has a different obligation.In such case I don't believe — and Iam speaking now for myself only andnot declaring an official policy — thata teacher has any right to refuse todisclose connections which may affecthis viewpoint. It is not only that thesuspicion created hurts the institution. I believe that his students areentitled to know where he himselfstands.Social SciencesThe main reason for maintainingfreedom of thought in a university isthat it is the job of scholars to thinkindependently about problems. In thenatural sciences original thinking hasproduced miraculous results. Yetoriginal thinking even in that fieldhas always produced opposition. Recall that when Galileo insisted thatthe earth revolved about the sun hewas persecuted by the church. Thinkof the storm Darwin created by histheory of evolution. Even today newthoughts and hypotheses in the natural sciences — in medicine for example — provoke the most violent controversies.In the natural sciences this is accepted as the proper order of thingsand the key to progress. But whenwe get over into the social sciencesthere is not the same tolerance oforiginal thinking. The social scientist has the same duty as his colleague in the natural sciences toexplore and question and think onindependent lines — unless we assume that we already know the final truthsin those fields, which one may bepermitted to doubt.Both kinds of science proceed bytrial and error and mistakes are theprice of progress in either field. Yet,perhaps because we all feel more athome in the field of the social scientist, original or unconventional thinking in that field arouses great antagonism if not indignation. We don'tlike to have our accepted views questioned. But progress is not made inany field by conformity.HeresyIt is chiefly in the field of economics and government that business menare particularly apt to feel that educators advance dangerous ideas. Theynaturally don't like to have anyoneurge views that they consider unsound. But is what is considered bybusiness men to be sound economicsalways the same?Business men in the past havefought many things that today theywould not give up, like regulation ofbanks and railroads and even someNew Deal measures like the SEC.Many have come to question the longaccepted virtues of a high protectivetariff under current conditions. Moreover, what is deemed sound in onebusiness is not always deemed soundin others.The Commission on FinancingHigher Education, in its final report,has something to say on this point:"History is filled with examples ofthe fact that the heresy of one agebecomes the orthodoxy of another.The boundaries of our present-dayknowledge would not be so extensiveas they are if men had not dared byindependent thought and expressioncritically to examine and thoughtfullyto challenge accepted but unsubstantiated belief. To think at all is torisk error. The society which is afraidto permit freedom of thought does nottrust itself and is not entitled to callitself free. To shackle freedom in ourcolleges and universities would be toretard, even to distort, knowledge andto deprive a free society of one of itsmost precious assets."Yet many fathers complain thattheir sons come home from collegefull of wild ideas. This seems to meperfectly normal and regular. RobertLouis Stevenson once said: "It is asnatural and right for a young man tobe imprudent and exaggerated, to livein swoops and circles, and beat abouthis cage like any other wild thingnewly captured, as it is for old mento turn gray, dr mothers to love their8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEoffspring, or heroes to die for something worthier than their lives."It is no more reasonable to expectyour sons to have ideas identical withyours than it is likely that you yourselves had no ideas that shocked yourfathers.These principles, all of which assume freedom in some form, are thosefor which a university that is trueto its purposes and ideals must stand.It is perhaps a minor matter if thevarious committees try to shake public confidence in higher education byparading a spate of excerpts fromscholars' writings, often lifted out ofcontext, or occasional indiscreet remarks of lecturers.I have purposely refrained fromcharacterizing the individuals whoare directing the investigations. Youknow them well enough, however, tohave an opinion as to their competence to police the publications ofscholars. They can do little lastingharm by these means. The danger israther the "miasma of fear" that theyhave spread in the whole academicfraternity.Control of thinkersThe fact is that these investigationsare not really after Communists ineducation. The most conspicuous inquisitor, sensing, I am sure, that suchhunting wasn't going to be very good,has been reported in the press as saying that he was going after "Communist thinkers." That really exposestheir hand. It is a short step fromthat to all thought control. Bear inmind that the committees are concerned not solely with Communist influences but with activities termed"subversive" or "un-American." Bothterms are undefined and either leaveswide discretion to the inquiry.It is all too clear that the latitudewill be used, not so much to free thecountry from Communist infiltrationas to discourage independent thinkingand ideas distasteful to the investigators. Already there is a strongtendency in many circles to label anyopinion with which people disagreeas subversive and to answer anycritic by calling him a Communist.Universities are toughFreedom of thought is the essenceof democracy. Democracy assumesthat each citizen is a free man whowill think for himself. It proceeds bydiscussion between independentthinkers, by debate and the clash ofopinion. The nation was founded bydissenters. If the voices of dissentare hushed the life of democracy is SCHOLAR, ADMINISTRATOR, AND SCIENTIST: "FIRST VICTIMS OF DICTATORS.'crushed. Freedom of thought is notjust an indulgence for a few professors.If freedom is extinguished in universities it is on its way out everywhere. The Nazis and the Sovietshave demonstrated how quickly lossof freedom in the universities is followed by the loss of all freedoms.The first victims of the dictators havealways been the schools.Universities are tough. They havesurvived through wars, rebellions, persecutions and all manner of disasters. They are the oldest secularorganizations there are. They willcontinue to live if they are true totheir principles in the pursuit of truthand do not trim to popular whims ortruckle to demagogs. It may be atthe price of misunderstandings andperhaps reduced support. But theideal is worth suffering for and I amconfident that the real leaders of theprofession will stand up to the challenge.MAY, 1953 9Hemingway's HeroWhat are his positive sourcesof satisfaction and happiness?by E. M. HallidayAssistant Professor, Humanities, the CollegeO,'F ALL THE FAMOUS namesthat appear in this series of lectures(The Good Life) that of ErnestHemingway is probably the mostsurprising. We are accustomed toseeing his name grouped with thoseof other American writers like Fitzgerald, Dos Passos, and WilliamFaulkner. In a less literary context,we are used to seeing his name connected with those of Marlene Dietrich, Gary Cooper, and the Bullfighterfrom Brooklyn, Sydney Franklin.Hemingway himself is rather fond ofmentioning his name in the same sentence with those of Flaubert, Sten-dahl, and Tolstoy— whom he regardsas also great writers. But it tookUniversity College to muster up theaudacity to list Hemingway alongwith Plato, St. Thomas, Nietzche,Confucius, and Dante.Hemingway has never claimed tobe a philosopher. In fact, for thirtyyears now, he has scoffed, sporadically — sometimes raucously — at thosewho attempt to organize and systematize knowledge. When he thinksof going across the river and into thetrees, it certainly is not the Groveof Academe that he has in mind. Wemay safely conjecture that he has nosympathy with the syntopicon. Aca-Mr. Halliday revised his lecture,for the Magazine. It was givenat University College as one ofa series entitled "The Good Lift."Other speakers in the series wereMortimer J. Adler, David Grene,Ives R. Simon, Daniel J. Boorstin,Herrlee G. Creel, and Jacques Bar-zun. The final lecture will be givenFriday, May 15th, by Francis Fer-gusson, Professor of English at Indiana University, who will speakon "Dante's Changing Image ofMan." demic intellectuals irritate him profoundly, and there is no reason tothink that he would want to changethe epitaph he offered them in 1937,in a parody of Andrew Marvell:"Then worms shall tryThat long-preserved sterility —With your quaint pamphlets goneto bust,And into footnotes all your lust."Despite this attitude, Hemingway isfundamentally a philosophical writer.His main interest consistently hasbeen to examine the human predicament through fictional epitomes oflife. He is concerned with a man's relationship to the universe in which hefinds himself — a stranger, and afraid,in a world he never made. The particular situations in which Hemingway's characters are placed arenearly always unusual or exotic. Butwhat they lead to is a considerationof the fundamental conditions of human life on earth.Almost any of his Short storieswould do for an illustration of this.Perhaps none is better known than"The Killers" — which has appeared inso many anthologies that, Hemingwaysays, he is now embarrassed to readit, and wonders whether he reallywrote it, or just heard it somewhere.The dramatic tension in this storydepends on whether Ole Andresen,the big Swede prizefighter, will orwill not appear at George's Lunchroom at six o'clock to be blasted bythe sawed-off shotguns of the waitinggangsters. But by the time we get tothe end of the story, we see that whatreally matters is the effect all this hason the boy, Nick Adams, who watchesthe hired gunmen prepare the ambush. For Nick, it is a paralyzing introduction to the anonymous evil ofa supposedly civilized world, symbolized not only by the gloved hands PHILOSOPHER HEMINGWAYof the killers, as they calmly eat hamand eggs, but by Ole Andresen's insistence that their identity does notmatter."I'll tell you what they were like,"Nick says, when he goes to Andre-sen's rooming house to warn him."I don't want to know what theywere like," the prizefighter answers.. . . "There ain't nothing to do."The story can be read as an indictment of society. But it goesbeyond this. Its essential subject isthe lightning flash of discovery that— for all of us — sometimes falls acrossthe world, to reveal close beneaththe surface of everyday events, aplain where the life of man is ugly,brutish, and short.Hemingway, the philosophicalwriter, has not, like Plato or St.Thomas, a neat philosophical systemto offer us as a solution to the humanpredicament. Some glimmerings ofmetaphysical principles may be inferred from the behavior and attitudesof his heroes; but what we are facedwith in most of his work is a deep-seated metaphysical scepticism. Thetypical Hemingway hero has as hisfocus of concern not metaphysics, butethics."I did not care what it was allabout," says Jake Barnes, the hero ofThe Sun Also Rises. "All I wantedto know was how to live in it. Maybeif you found out how to live in ityou learned from that what it wasall about."This emphasis on "how to live,"with its rather surprising echo ofMatthew Arnold, of course brings usto our question. What, for the typicalHemingway hero, constitutes theGood Life?First, we ought to observe that, inthe only view of things that Hemingway allows himself, the Good Life isentirely earth'- bound. It is not a10 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEpreparation for an afterlife in heaven,because heaven is something theHemingway hero knows nothingabout. In the face of blind naturalforces which at worst are menacing,at best are indifferent, and at alltimes are mysterious, the consolationsof traditional religion are easily exhausted.Nothing in Hemingway expressesthis more strikingly than the storycalled, "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place."The central figure of the story is aSpanish waiter who, after his owncafe has closed for the night, looksfor another where he can sit downand drink, in order to avoid goinghome to darkness and a sleepless bed.But it is not simple insomnia thatkeeps him up. It is cosmic insomnia.What does he fear? he asks. And thenhe answer himself: "It was all anothing, and a man was a nothing, too.It was only that, and light was allit needed, and a certain cleannessand order. Some lived in it and neverfelt it, but he knew it all was nada— "Then he goes on, using the Spanishword nada, nothing, in a grim parodyof the Lord's Prayer: "Our nada whoare in nada, nada be thy name. Thykingdom nada, thy will be nada, innada as it is in nada."With this bleak and irreligious viewof the universe, which is shared insome degree by all of Hemingway'sheroes, what can a man turn to forsalvation? Can organized society givethe sense of light and order necessarymerely as a foundation for the GoodLife?Hemingway, and his heroes, thinkit quite doubtful. They regard assuperficial and spurious the order imposed on life by the conditions ofcivilized society. Beneath a smoothbut brittle social surface rages thereality of shock, disruption, and violence.In keeping with such a view, mostof Hemingway's heroes have a tendency to stand aloof from the socialenterprise. They do not become outlaws, unless subjected to extremepressure. But at best they are notenthusiastic members of the community.The novel that most typically exhibits the Hemingway hero in opposition, to society is A Farewell toArms, published in 1929. As a manwho was himself seriously woundedin battle before he was nineteen yearsold, Hemingway from the beginninghas written about war with anauthoritative intimacy. At the timeof writing this novel, he certainlyregarded war as the nadir of socialfailure. It is such a view that gradu ally becomes that of the hero, Frederick Henry, as the events of thestory unfold.Frederick Henry is a young American, in Italy to study architecture.He joins an Italian ambulance unitat the outbreak of the First WorldWar, and is soon at a station near thefront line. His living conditions, fora man in uniform, are remarkablypleasant — there is a comfortablehouse to live in, good food, convivialcompanions, pretty girls, and not toomuch work. But the dismal panoramaof war is laid out before him in fullview.As the months and years passwearily by, an overwhelming senseof progressive corruption and decaybegins to pervade the novel's atmosphere. Not only do the endless advances and retreats, with theirendless quotas of killed and woundedmen, begin to make the fighting seen;utterly futile, but the personalities ofhis soldier companions begin to disintegrate visibly under the relentlessimpact of duties that seem inadequate, hopeless and absurd.Finally Frederick Henry himself iswounded — wounded, in a kind of outrageous burlesque of heroism, whileeating spaghetti in a dugout — andsent back to convalesce in thestrangely normal life of wartimeMilan. Although the hero enjoys avery satisfactory love affair with aBritish nurse there, the ironic contrasts of civilian wartime society withthe spectre of doom and disaster atthe front line only serve to increasehis disenchantment.Desertion and escapeWhen his convalescence is over, hereturns to the front just in time totake part in the most disastrous retreat of the entire war: the retreatfrom Caporetto. Separated from hisunit, and threatened with militaryexecution as a spy, he solves theproblem by deserting, and joins theBritish nurse in a spectacular escapeto neutral Switzerland.Frederick Henry's desertion, ofcourse, is cast in a somewhat speciallight by reason of its being a desertionfrom a foreign army. Nevertheless,his action represents a harsh rejection of society. It is a bitter declaration that the common human enterprise is the next thing to null andvoid. The cafes are closing down. Theclean, well-lighted places are few andfar between. The darkness of nadathreatens the forms of the two loverswho have said their farewell to arms.It is often stated that Hemingway'slater novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls, marks "a reversal of his pessimisticview of social action. There is somejustice in this, especially if the bookis compared with the novel that preceded it, To Have and Have Not.From the renegade Harry Morgan,who feels forced by the depressioninto acting like a pirate to support hisfamily, to Robert Jordan, the American volunteer fighting for the Loyalistcause in Spain, is indeed a long stepin the direction of society. It returnsthe Hemingway hero to the humancommunity, and certainly indicates ashift in values when measured againstFrederick Henry's desertion in AFarewell to Arms. Yet the shift wasnot nearly as great as many readersand critics claimed, when For Whomthe Bell Tolls was published in 1940.It is important to notice that whenthe Hemingway hero comes back totake his place in society, he comesback warily, with misgivings. Hecomes back with his fundamentalattitude toward life essentially unaltered. Instead of a hero who standsapart from society in disgust, reproaching it for its failure to solvethe grim predicament of human life,we have a hero who has developed anacute sense of the community of thatpredicament. No man is an island, itturns out: we are all part of the main.But the weather forecast is notfavorable. The storms that sweep thehuman continent, and the quakes thatrack its surface, are so fierce thatit will be kind of a miracle if it doesnot end in annihilation. Still, eachof us, thinks Robert Jordan, must dowhat he can to maintain its integrity,even if this involves the desperateparadox of war.That parodox is at the heart ofFor Whom the Bell Tolls. Its hero isconstantly reminded that the humancommunity, which at best is in direcondition, ironically subjects itself togradual self-preservation when it resorts to war. This is why the Loyalists are often shown in as bad a lightas the Fascists. They are just asopportunistic, just as ridden with internal treachery, and — above all —just as cruel.Yet there is a right side and awrong side in a war. And Jordanrealizes that not to fight on the rightside is to forego even the remote, thethousand -to -one, chance of salvationfor the human enterprise. So Jordandies 'fighting as a guerrilla behindFascist lines, in a military operationthat is a failure because some of hiscomrades have given secrets to theenemy.The total effect of the novel, farfrom being a stirring testament ofMAY, 1953 11GARY COOPER AS FREDERICK HENRY (WITH HELEN HAYES) : "HIS ACTION REPRESENTS A HARSH REJECTION OF SOCIETY"new-found social faith, seems almostto echo, instead, the sombre tones of"Dover Beach:""And we are here as on a darklingplainSwept with confused alarms ofstruggle and flight,Where ignorant armies clash bynight."Well, what about the Good Life?We see that if the Hemingway hero isto have one, it can depend very littleon religion or the accomplishmentsof man as a social animal in the largersense. What are to be his positivesources of satisfaction or happiness?To begin with, there must be absolute honesty. Thrown back on himself by his rejection of religious andsocial authority, the Hemingwayhero's obligation to truth is the 'basictenet of his creed. He must aVoidwhat one Hemingway hero calls "thenausea in regard to experience that isthe result of untruth or exaggeration." In the realm of morals, wheredistinctions between good and bad areto be made, this means a rigorouspragmatism."So far about morals" Hemingway said in 1932, "I know only that whatis moral is what you feel good after,and what is immoral is what you feelbad after." The things the Hemingway hero feels good after are, manyof them, pleasures of the senses.He tremendously enjoys good food.His appetite is so keen that it oftenserves to relieve the anguish imposedupon his soul by his pessimistic philosophy and by his most recent emotional disaster. In the midst of sorrowthere may be, withiluck, roast youngsuckling pig — which is what JakeBarnes dines on in the last episode ofThe Sun Also Rises, as a kind of protection against his outrageous treatment at the hands of the heroine.Frederick Henry consumes a doubleorder of ham and eggs while waitingto hear news from the Swiss maternity hospital, which he has everyreason to expect will be tragic. Onthe other hand he also celebratesmoments of happiness with copiousmeals, elaborately described.With or without meals, the Hemingway hero is very fond of alcoholicbeverages. Barnes and Henry alwaysshow a truly Homeric ability to hold their liquor, and even the old manof The Old Man and the Sea, who issurely the most sober of Hemingway's heroes, likes a beer when hecan get it.Other sensual pleasures are likewise enjoyed to the full. There arefew writers who so often characterizesmells, for instance, as Hemingwaydoes. Sights and sounds, too, aregreat sources of pleasure for theHemingway heroes. They are almostalways great lovers of what Hemingway calls "country" — a word thatseems to include every aspect of anatural scene that can be taken inby sight, hearing, touch, and sense ofsmell.Finally, at the apex of the pleasuresof the senses which mean so muchto the Hemingway hero, are thepleasures of love. They seem, in fact,to occupy a place of almost religioussignificance in his scheme of values.The climax of the act of love comesclose to contradicting, for him, thedismal conclusions about human existence made by his intellect. It is,says Colonel Cantwell, in Across theRiver and Into the Trees, "the only12 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmystery that he believed in, exceptthe occasional bravery of man."Hemingway's frank emphasis onsensual pleasure has shocked andirritated a good many people. Theirirritation has blinded them to hispeculiar manner of dealing with it.They have failed to notice just howthe Hemingway hero takes his pleasures.ConcentrationFor he is nothing if not discriminating. He is never promiscuous.This applies not only to sex, but toeating, drinking, looking at countryside or at paintings — to all exerciseof the senses. When he eats anddrinks he is the gourmet, even underprimitive conditions. "I was lucky toget him instead of a dolphin," reflectsthe Old Man of the Sea as he chewsa strip of raw bonito. "Dolphin is toosweet . . . This would not be bad toeat, with a little lime or with lemonor with salt."Along with the intense emphasison discrimination by the Hemingwayhero, there goes a special quality ofconcentration. It seems that, whenhe is happy, the mere act of perception is a positive pleasure for him.The effort of his creator, Hemingway,is to fix those perceptions so accurately with words that they will defythe corrosion of time.Why does the Hemingway heromake a virtue of vivid perception andsharp discrimination? If we remember that, for him, life constantlystands in threat of becoming a meaningless chaos, that it is without thesaving grace of supernatural order,and only most inadequately dealtwith by organized society, we maybegin to see the value of these thingsto him.For discrimination implies order —an order deliberately and selfconsciously supplied by the individualhimself to his own experience. It isa bulwark against nada. The pleasures of the senses have a simple andpositive value of their own; but it isonly in their precise control thatthey can support the foundation ofa Good Life.Of course, that power of discrimination 'must be an active thing. Thehedonism of the Hemingway hero isas far removed from that of theclassical Epicurean, as it is from thatof the mere sensualist, who abandonshimself to the animal impulses of themoment. Epicurus taught that pleasure was the basic principle of thegood life. But his natural dispositionled him to think of pleasure nega-MAY, 1953 tively — that is, as the avoidance ofpain. This vegetable conception ofthe Good Life is not for Hemingway.He actively seeks pleasure, even atgreat risk, because the essential thingis to broaden the area of control overlife, through the exercise of discrimination.This emphasis on action, in turnstresses the connection between twoapparently opposed activities which —for the Hemingway hero — have verynearly the same value: work andsport. He usually has a profession ortrade that he thoroughly enjoys, thathe performs well in, and of which heis quietly proud.It is generally overlooked thatthe hero of The Sun Also Rises, incontrast to the many play-boy characters, is a hard-working newspaperman. Robert Jordan, besides being ateacher of Spanish, in For Whom theBell Tolls, has become a proud expert in impromptu demolition, withbridges his specialty. No one canhandle a boat better than HarryMorgan in To Have and Have Not.But the importance of work competently done, for the Hemingwayhero, goes beyond any practical results it may produce. It is the discipline and skill which count. Likediscrimination in the enjoyment ofsensual pleasure, discipline and skillbring order to life, the controlledorder so necessary to the conceptionof the Good Life.Coupled with this respect for work,the Hemingway hero has so much respect for sport that many people mistakenly judge Hemingway to be asuper-sportswriter. Sports do involvevarious sensual and kinesthetic pleasures. But besides offering thesechances for active discrimination, allsports require the imposition of additional orders on experience. ThereCOOPER AS HERO ROBERT JORDAN: "AN ACUTE SENSE OF THE COMMUNITY"13are the rules of the game. There arethe skills necessary for playing itwell. The sports of the Hemingwayhero are always difficult ones to perform well. Again and again we findHemingway's precise, detailed descriptions of their proper performance.Death as the endThere is something else brushedagainst, when we talk of the Hemingway hero as sportsman. It is hisattitude toward death. Four of Hemingway's five novels end in deathscenes, and in many of his shortstories death plays the principal role."All stories," he once said, "if continued far enough, end in death; and heis no true story-teller who wouldkeep that from you." The Hemingway hero is usually forced by circumstances to think much of death,and even without such circumstanceshe does so out of choice.The dying writer, in "The Snows ofKilimanjaro," admits that he hasalways been obsessed by death. Heis obsessed by it because death, forhim, is the end of everything. It isthe end of all those brightly remembered hours and days of pleasure thathave made up the good parts of a lifehe has loved very much. "I don't liketo leave anything," he says. "I don'tlike to leave things behind."It is true that this particular storyends in a mysterious way which possibly suggests a heavenly destinationfor the dying man. But it is the onlything in all of Hemingway's work thatallows such a suggestion.For Frederick Henry, Harry Morgan, Robert Jordan, and ColonelCantwell, death is assumed to befinal. They think it altogether likelythat it is in the realm of nada. "It willjust be nothing," Robert Jordan tellshimself in the final moments of hislife. "That's all it will be. Justnothing." It promises to be the absolute cancellation of the Good Life, asof any other life.This is hardly a cheerful view ofdeath; but given Hemingway's premises about the universe, it is more orless inevitable. Moreover, it has itsown somewhat paradoxical contribution to make to the Good Life. It isonly under the pressure of an acuteawareness of death as final destruction, that the Hemingway hero is ableto savor each pleasurable instantwith such intense enjoyment. Forhim, the golden moments of his joyare immeasurably enhanced simplybecause they are so few, so few andfleeting. For him, the constant medi tation on death adds to rather thandetracts from the beauty of the world.This is never clearer than when loveis in question.True love between a man and awoman is one of Hemingway's greatest values. But this, too, is subject tothe ambiguous domination of death.There is a moving scene in A Farewell to Arms where the hero quotesMarvell to the heroine:"But at my back I always hearTime's winged chariot hurryingnear . . ."He does not go on to the next line,"And yonder all before us lie, desertsof vast eternity." But the readermight think of that line at the endof the book, when the heroine dies inchildbirth. Death cancels their goodlife. But while they were able to enjoy it, they enjoyed it with an intensity made all the more striking bythe war background of desolation andhovering disaster.Robert Jordan and Maria, in ForWhom the Bell Tolls, must live all ofwhatever life they will have togetherin two days — and they both know it."So if you love this girl as much asyou say you do," Jordan says to himself, "you had better love her veryhard and make up in intensity whatthe relation will lack in duration andcontinuity." This, for the Hemingwayhero, is almost a stock situation — inlove or not in love, every act of hislife is conditioned by his anticipationof death.Dangerous playAnd so we come, finally, to thehuman capacity that stands above allothers in Hemingway's system ofvalues. Both the uncompromisinghonesty essential to the Good Life,and the full and proper appreciationof the pleasures of that life, demanda steady and acute awareness ofdeath. Yet death, as the annihilationof everything good, is the human experience most dreadful to contemplate. The only possible solution tothis predicament lies in a Prometheancourage, a courage that enables theHemingway hero to gaze into theabyss without flinching.The deliberate cultivation of thatcourage must be the study of his life,and he never dodges the opportunityto practice it in any situation consistent with his other values. Thus,the sports that mean the most toHemingway heroes are the dangerousones, the ones involving death itself:big game hunting, deep sea fishing,and bullfighting.Death in the Afternoon, a longnon-fiction work, explains in great detail why the bullfight is a symbolof the values that lay the very foundation for the Good Life. In the ring,a man, by the combined exercise ofsuperbly controlled skill and extremecourage, achieves through an art theonly possible triumph over death. Itepitomizes the attitude toward deathcultivated by the Hemingway hero:an attitude which, by courage, ironically translates the greatest anxietyinto something almost resemblingsecurity.Many people, of course, are rebuffedby Hemingway's frank admiration foractivities involving the act of killing.If death is the antithesis of the GoodLife, how can the Hemingway herobe so calloused about giving it, evenif only to animals? There is no simpleanswer. But, first of all, he is notcalloused. And readers of The OldMan and the Sea will remember theconvincing sense of sympathy andidentification the old fisherman haswith the great fish he is fighting.Hemingway's book about big gamehunting is oddly transformed by thesensitive admiration he feels for theanimals he kills.Secondly, Hemingway and hisheroes are perhaps rightly contemptuous of the sentimentality so common in our culture which permits usto dine on beefsteak or lobster, whileuttering pious objections to such activities as bullfighting. Any bull,Hemingway argues, would rather takehis chance in the ring against a matador, than be doomed to the sledgehammer at the Chicago stockyards.But the most significant answer wouldbe in terms of the symbolic meaningthe act of killing a dangerous animalhas for the Hemingway hero. Thatact gives all the brilliant focus to hisown final predicament in life, and tothe courage, discipline, and skill, without which that life could not possiblybe "Good."It may appear to be a gloomy picture, the Hemingway picture of theGood Life. Yet his heroes are notgloomy people. They are witty whenfaced with adversities. They, liketheir creator, keenly enjoy the daysgranted them to live and to love, tobreathe the clean air, to feel thewarmth of the sun.If we talk about Hemingway himself, rather, than his fictional heroes,we must note his aesthetic principles.We must recognize the part played inhis values by the discipline and skillof the working artist. We can find,by reading his work, that as an artisthe is perfectly consistent with theprinciples of the Good Life as he seesthem. And, of course, we should readhis work.14 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINECISSIESLASTLAUGHA<lCCORDING to Charles Lamb,"anything awful makes me laugh. Imisbehaved once at a funeral." SophieJean Liebshutz, AB, '46, feels aboutthe same way. Furthermore, sometimes she feels the other way: thingsthat make her laugh turn out to beawful. But Sophie finally has madeit pay off.The awfulness began, says she,when a well-meaning matron stoppedat Sophie's baby carriage to tickle herchin. Being a baby, thus knowingthat babies do not relish this kind ofthing, Sophie yelled and pushed thelady away. "Ah!" said the lady, ignoring the yell, "look at those sensitivefingers! She is going to be an artistfor sure!" This made Sophie laugh.So Sophie's mother whipped the carriage into the nearest art store.From the resulting atmosphere ofpaints, crayons, chalk, and clay, therewas only one respectable way out.Sophie changed her name to "Cissie"and decided to become a funny cartoonist.Throughout grammar school shedrew pictures that she thought werefunny. Others thought they weresimply grim. She went to specialclasses at the Art Institute, where shesketched the classical apple in theclassical bowl, trying desperately tomake it look like an apple in a bowl. 'Look at those sensitive fingers!'In high school, still attending theInstitute, an instructor suggested thatshe draw the apple the way she feltlike the apple looked. Cissie did notlaugh. She forgot the apples andbegan drawing people the way shepleased. Because she did not laughher pictures began to be printed.The Hyde Park High Weekly accepted them first. The editor, RichardPeltz, liked them. He also liked her."Cissie" did not laugh. Ten yearslater she married the fellow. But firstthey went to the College.The first year, 1944, there was nottime to worry about drawing becauseof the tough curriculum. But thesecond year the Maroon began to carry her cartoons and caricatures.In 1946 she collected her Maroondrawings into a portfolio called, grimly enough, "Sophistication in theAtomic Age." Except for her fans oncampus, there was little uproar, andshe still has sets left over — she usesthem for scratch paper. By that timeshe had stopped doing caricatures ofcampus notables. She and they couldnot stand the strain.There was one encouraging eventthat year, however. When the University Magazine asked to reprint oneof the Maroon cartoons, she did notlaugh. True to form, the drawingdepicted the end of the world. From time to time the Magazine used herwork, but Cissie glumly consideredthe possibility that she had chosenthe wrong career.Hoping to cheer up she joined theSociology Department. Instead of concentrating on cultures, areas, andstatistics, she did what every studentwants to do: she started a humormagazine. One issue came out.Meanwhile the cartoon in the Magazine had caught the attention of analumna who was also an author andexpert in speech, Bess Sondel, PhB,'31, PhD, '38. Would Cissie illustratebooks on effective speaking? Cissiedid not laugh. Her ninety illustrations in Everyday Speech, by MissSondel, were happy or sad, dependingon the subject matter. While theywere not cartoons in the usual sense,Cissie felt that this work had enabledher to bring out her own style ofdrawing. From this to the next stepwas simple: instead of drawing funnypictures that were grim, she woulddraw grim pictures that were funny.Where best to find subjects than theacademic and book world?There was, of course, one minorproblem: food. So she went to workin an advertising agency as a commercial artist, where she could notdraw cartoons. She laughed about itthe first week. The next week theMAY, 1953 15building caught on fire. The thirdweek the agency acquired a new client who wanted a comicstrip in hisadvertisements, and the agency offered her the chance to get othercommissions on her own.Taking heart when everything survived the fire, Cissie sent her workto magazines such as the SaturdayReview. Someone told her to sendcartoons in batches of three. Butsince she had only two that shethought good enough, she laughinglyincluded one about blind-folded boy^scouts in an art museum. The awfulthing did not happen. The Reviewaccepted the blind-folded boy scouts.With the jinx off, other acceptancescame through. The Chicago Tribunewanted her work for the Sunday booksection. University College had herillustrate its bulletins. Liberty Magazine, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists,Telebriefs, TV Guide, Today's Health,National Parent Teacher, Adult Leadership, and the Great Books' Gadflyaccepted her drawings. She began toappear in the weekly New YorkTimes Book Section. Late in March"And so it is evident that the end of our civilization isat hand, and here is Lyle Van for the Pure Oil Company"16 — Saturday RevieioTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE'$*y^K<jp^^ fyU^fbi <rf CojJL S^wwUtwiA.,.— Chicago Daily TribuneQuick reprinted four of her characters from the March Magazine, whichhad steadily used her sketches.Able now to laugh freely, she hasplanned a series of greeting cardsand a design for wrapping paper. Sheis beginning' to feel ready for thecartoonist's big step: a book of drawings.Her only problem these days is explaining to people that she saves her"gags" for her work. Everyone expects her to be uproariously funny inpublic. But she knows better than topush her luck. -Gadfly"Are you really interested in ihe story of my life,Plutarch, or do you just tell that to all the girls?"MAY, 1953 17thin rats bury the fat ones ThoughtForFoodTo feed the world, science may need touse sawdust, mountain forests, papermill wastes, the plankton in the seasIF THE ESKIMO had not learned toeat his animals whole, meat and fatand internal organs and fishbones too,there would be no Eskimos.If the rice eaters had not eaten fishand sauces made rich in vitamins bymolds, they would have disappeared.These tribal food balances were acquired by endless trial and errorwhen error could be disastrous. Whenthese balances were finally reachedthey became habits and customs andeven rituals. Since these were notfounded on actual knowledge, on anyprinciples of science, they must befollowed to the letter.This was easy enough when a tribewas bound to a limited area with auniform food supply. But in the modern world there are at least threemajor factors which interfere with theold established balance, and causewidespread malnutrition:1. The failure of soil and /or theweather. There is illness and starvation because soil is exhausted— as inChina.2. The dependence on importationof foods. World trade is disrupted bywar and essential foods cannot be had— as in Europe after World War II.3. A growing sophistication. Glamorous new foods are made available by modern technology and made attractive by modern marketing tech-This article is a "digest" of thefinal chapter from Food For Lifepublished by the University ofChicago Press December 12,1952 (306 pp, $4.75).Ralph W. Gerard, '19, Ph.D.'21, M.D. '25, D.Sc, is the editor.Other contributors: Richard J.Block, Ph.D., Norman Jolliffe,M.D., Clive M. McCay, Ph.D.,Sedgwick E. Smith, Ph.D., andSamuel Soskin, Ph.D., M.D.The book was written "tobring understanding of the life-process in the human body andin its cells, understanding of themarvelous complexity of thechemistry that keeps the bodyalive and well and of the fundamental requirements of nutrition."Food For Life, copyright 1952by The University of ChicagoPress. Pictures and digest fromthe book are by permission ofthe editor and The University ofChicago Press. niques, yet are frequently inadequate—as in the United States.To these major causes may beadded poverty, ignorance, and old-agestubborn insistence on personal tasteand prejudice, no matter what thedoctor may say.Apart from a few unwise excesses,American nutrition has notably improved during the last forty years.But there is still need for improvement. Dietary fads repeatedly sweepthe country. In recent years thepopular ones have stressed the desirability of losing weight or at least ofnot adding any.The avoidance of overeating requires merely will power and theknowledge that 2,500-3,000 caloriesper day are enough for most people,even too much for many.Experimental white rats have longerspans of life when forced to keep thinby diets that are low in calories buthigh in all other essentials. Their liveshave been extended by as much as ayear, equivalent on the human scaleto an additional 35 years.By keeping animals thin, degenerative diseases are slower to develop.Even cancer makes its appearancemuch later in the lives of white ratsthat have been fed diets rich in essen-18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEtials but restricted in calories. Andthe incidence of cancer also is lower.In the past, wherever famine hasforced low nutrition there has been ashortage of high quality protein andvitamins as well as calories. Nevertheless, it is striking that the incidenceof high blood pressure and of gastriculcers is much less among the underfed older Chinese than it is amongwell-fed older Americans.One of the difficulties in restricteddiets is that many of the nutritionalessentials must be taken in about thesame amount whether one is laboringhard and eating 5,000 calories orworking little and consuming only2,000. As the calorie intake declines,the quality of the diet becomes moreimportant.Too much sugarThe ignoring of vital nutritionalvalues is commonplace and can becombated only by education. Thevery large increase in the consumption of sugar for candies, confections,syrups, and beverages is the one outstanding change for the worse in theAmerican diet.In a state of nature, man's sweettaste was a blessing. It attracted himto many fruits rich in vitamins. Buttoday the refining of sugar hasreached such a state of perfection thatall vitamins and minerals are left behind with the molasses — fed to cattleor converted into alcohol. The glistening white crystals provide manwith his cheapest and purest food, yetthe very purity makes it objectionable. Sugar might better come fromfoods that also give a balance of protein, vitamins, and minerals.Sugar is an excellent energy food,of course, and when eaten in moderateamounts does no harm. Researcherswith white rats have shown that theinclusion of sugar in their diets bringsno unfavorable effects when the dietis adequate in all other nutrients.But a sweet taste has a way of running to excess. This leads some peopleinto obesity. With children, overeating may be avoided but satisfaction with sugar means omission ofother foods and a nutritional deficiency of proteins and vitamins. Italso predisposes to tooth decay.If nutritionists had their way, theirfirst effort would be to reduce thepresent excessive consumption ofsugar in the United States.During the past forty years the percapita use of coffee has more thandoubled. Since coffee is primarily apleasant stimulating beverage, withlittle food value, this increase is probably not harmful. Animal experiments indicate no unfavorable effects fromthe drinking of coffee. In one set oftests three successive generations ofwhite rats were fed coffee as the solefluid in their diet. They showed noevidence of injury.The cola beverages contain almostas much caffeine as does coffee. Thegood and harm of such stimulants andtheir habitual use is a medical andpsychological question. .Alcohol has a food value of about7 calories per gram. It is rapidlyabsorbed into the blood stream andprovides its calories quickly, thoughrather expensively. It serves the samenutritional purpose as does sugar.But alcohol also has a direct depressant action on the brain. It progressively dulls the senses, reducesmuscular control, and finally leads tosleep and even coma. Contrary topopular misconceptions, it is not astimulant.Actually there is a colossal wasteof foods in the manufacture of distilled liquors, such as whiskey or rum.Grain, fruit, or molasses is fermented,and the liquor is distilled from thefermented mash. The resulting whiskey provides only flavor and alcohol.Most of the nutrients, including theyeast that grew in the course of fermentation -and the protein, fat, andminerals of the grain, are dried andfed to chickens and farm animals.Grains and potatoes remain themainstay of the diet over large areasn of the earth. Their protein and vita-)f min factors are important. For this>f reason the enrichment of baker'se bread with vitamins has become ao valuable and major means of improved nutrition in the United States.;t The decreased consumption of thesee two energy foods nevertheless indi-d cates a lesser use of energy and ad healthy respect for the dangers ofobesity.Lty Mineralsdh The mineral elements are just ase vital to good nutrition as are the vitamins. They do not usually receive somuch emphasis because it is easierto get an adequate supply of them injs normal eating.o Chief among them is salt, which iso seldom deficient in America. Iodine isa required in small amounts by thethyroid gland. Lack of it causes an;e enlargement of the gland, known as;- goiter. In areas where seafoods arei. seldom eaten and where the waterI, comes from mountain streams or in-e land lakes, the iodine intake may bei- too small. It should then be supple-1. mented by iodized salt.e Fluorine is another inorganic element that is being introduced into thed body in some cities by the additiond of one part per million to the watersupply as a means of decreasing theLe decay of teeth. Since fluorine, even inis moderate excess, can injure the bodycalorie requirements vary withSLEEPING65REAPWGALOW120 TSAWJN£W00P460CALORIE REQUIREMENTS VARY WITH BODY ACTIVITY, EXTERNAL TEMPERATURESLEEPING65 3KSALTMNKM)80 snw100REAPWGALOW120 ) shivering,up to 400SAWJN£W00P SMMMW&MAY, 1953 19MAN, IN HIS SOCIETIES, HAS EATEN ALMOST EVERY PLANT AND ANIMALby forming porous bones, its adoptionwill have to be followed with greatcare.The two inorganic elements that aremost liable to be deficient in thehuman diet are iron and calcium. Asbetter knowledge of how to manufacture and use vitamins is extendedand as agriculture is regulated tosupply these vitamins in natural foodstuffs, more use can be made of ironand calcium salts as they are minedfrom the earth. Such salts are inexpensive and widely distributed.Ground limestone forms a suitablesupplement to human diets. So doesiron sulphate. Both are easily manufactured under primative conditions.In the large areas of the earth thatcan afford no milk or dairy productsin the immediate future, people canwell supplement their diets with powdered chalk, limestone, or coral in order to provide calcium. Whereground waters are very hard becauseof their content of calcium salts, thewater itself contributes to the needsof men and animals.More food for tomorrowIt is reliably estimated that thepresent world population of two and aquarter billion is growing at the rateof twenty million per year and that itwill have increased to four billion atthe end of the century. Yet the arableland areas are likely to decreasethrough exhaustion of the soil bywasteful farming and through erosion.Entirely new methods of food production will almost certainly have tocome into use.The problem is being faced but notsolved.Two world groups— UNESCO and the Food and Agricultural Organization — are attempting to evaluate foodshortages and surpluses, area by area,throughout the world.Estimates are being made of potential production if better seeds areselected, if hybrids are used, and ifimproved tillage of the soil is introduced. Efforts are in progress toreduce destruction of insects androdents. The channels of trade arebeing studied in order to reduce barriers. Some exchange of scientists istaking place.The chief weakness of all theseendeavors is the minute size of theeffort in relation to the need.One of the major and general meansof increasing the world food supplyis the gradual abandonment of theexpensive secondary foods, such asmeat, eggs, and milk, in favor of primary ones.Primary foods are plant materials,taken directly from the soil and eatenby man himself. They include thegrains and vegetables.Secondary foods are those producedby feeding an animal on plant materials and using the animal productsas human food. In this conversionthere is a loss of part of the nutrients,both as energy and as protein.Most recent estimates indicate thatswine return about 17% of the calories and 12% of the protein that is inthe food consumed by them. Thisincludes a charge for the cost of maintenance of breeding stock.A good dairy herd converts 10% ofthe calories and 11% of the proteininto milk, veal, and beef. Chickensreturn only 5% of the calories and10% of the protein in the form ofmeat and eggs. Beef cattle are stilllower, with a conversion of 3% of thecalories and 6% of the protein. Sheepstand at the bottom because they mustmake feed into wool as well as intomeat. They convert 3% each of thecalories and proteins.Such figures reveal the costlinessof the conversion process and explainthe high prices of secondary foods.Indeed, it is only the fact that meatanimals eat grass, often in otherwiseunusable acreage, and cheaper grainsnot suitable for man, that keeps secondary foods from being prohibitivein cost.In many parts of the world the pigsand chickens live on garbage and excreta. But in the United States thesespecies for the most part competedirectly with man for food. This isalso true of the dairy cow, which eatsgrass and hay from land that couldproduce grain.In contrast,- the beef cattle and20 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsheep of this nation live largely onland that is not suitable for the production of grains.Today balanced nutrition assumesand recommends a high consumptionof meats, eggs, and milk. But in theovercrowded areas of the earth thisprobably will never be. Consequently,research into the improvement ofgrain and plant products to providecomplete human nutrition is of primeimportance to the future of mankind.It has already been strikingly successful, so that, even in the UnitedStates, the downward trend in theconsumption of bakery products mayalready have stopped. Tests indicatethat excellent bread can be made withas much as 6% of dry brewers' yeast.Bread made with 6% of high-fat soyflour and 6% or 8% of dry milk solidshas received acceptance. Anotherbread, nearly equal to this white loafin nutritive value, is made withwhole-wheat flour, 6% of dry skimmilk, and 3% of soy flour. The futureseems to indicate more breads ofpleasing taste and texture and highernutritive value.A trend in the United States awayfrom secondary foods and toward theprimary would reassure the world.And yet even a complete reversion toprimary foods, plus products of thesea, would not suffice. Entirely newsources of food would have to bedevised.One of these, already in adequateproduction to justify high hopes, isyeast. It can be used as a converterof cheap plant carbohydrates, includ- IODIZED SALT PREVENTS GOITER IN AREAS (SHADED) WHERE IODINE IS LOWing even wood, into balanced proteinsand ample vitamins. If it is developedto its maximum possibilities, it couldconceivably make even the tropicalforest available for human food.During the past half- century manhas learned how to take nitrogen fromthe air and fix it into simple organiccompounds such as ammonia or urea.Yeast can finish the conversion ofthese compounds into edible protein.As additional food, yeast needs inorganic salts and carbohydrates.Today man knows how to makeEVEN THE PIG RETURNS LESS THAN ONE-FIFTH OF THE CALORIES FED TO HIM soluble carbohydrates from any plantthat grows, whether it be straw orsawdust. Yeast makes it possible tomake high-quality food and feed fromthe forests that grow on the mountains, combined with minerals dugfrom the earth and nitrogen fixedfrom the air. It can also grow on theorganic residues from canning plantsand the sulfite wastes of paper mills.In these cases a dual purpose isserved, by preventing the pollutionof streams and producing food fromwastes.Comparatively little dried brewers'yeast is consumed as food in theUnited States, although some storessell it like sugar in pound packagesor bottles. It can be worked into thediet in cookies, meat dishes, bread,and ice cream. Some mix it withmolasses on hot cakes and othersdrink it mixed with tomato juice orother flavors. Men in various parts ofthe world are learning to use yeastas food.The unused plant and animal lifeof the swamps, streams, and oceanprovide another large reservoir ofpotential food.Man has known how to capture andeat shellfish, fish, shrimp, and seaanimals, such as the whale, for centuries. But he has never learned tomake use of the minute forms of lifein the ocean known as "plankton."The tonnage of this material is verylarge, but its collection and conversioninto human food have made littleprogress. The future may thus see alarge supply of new food from waterareas.MAY, 1953 21(l^ooteAby Faculty and AlumnimiTHE NEAR EAST AND THE FOUNDATIONS FOR CIVILIZATION. ByRobert J. Braidwood. Condon Lectures. Oregon State System of HigherEducation. Eugene, Oregon, 1952. $1.The Condon Lecture series supported by the Oregon State System ofHigher Education has for its purposethe interpretation of the results oftechnical scientific research to thelayman. Dr. Braidwood's essay, whichinterprets and appraises the evidenceof technical archaeological research,is a distinguished contribution to theseries. Using a minimum of wordsand a large number of excellentdrawings and maps, the salient pointsof the relation of early agriculture torainfall, the development through thevarious stages of the adaptive culture,and the details of the different, thoughfunctionally related, types of artifactsare very clearly brought out.In these days when most of us failto see or remember, if we even havethought about it, man's closeness tonature, and in spite of all his technological developments, his ultimatedependence on nature from which hederives his food, this backward glanceinto pre-history is a valuable corrective for our scientific myopia.Man's earliest experience in theNear East in the development of agriculture, on which all higher culturesor civilizations are based, stands outlike a laboratory demonstration ofthe basic integration of the life of manwith the natural world. Dr. Braid-wood's demonstration of the locationof the earliest agricultural villagesalong the flanks of the mountainshemming in the Fertile Crescent ina rainfall zone of 16 to 24 inchesprovides the basis for some rewarding reflection.Once the basic patterns of agriculture were developed, man went on toexploit the river valleys by the application of new technologies of manipulating the amount of water on theland by drainage and irrigation. Manthus began to assume a fundamentalresponsibility for his future.Many other implications could bedrawn from this study. In this shortappraisal I have chosen but oneaspect to emphasize, but it is one ofprofound importance. The concept,Mother Earth, is deep in human experience. In our world of gadgets and scientific achievement it is well to bebrought up short sometimes and bemade to remember the integratedworld of nature of which man is apart, a very dependent part in thelong haul, in spite of his remarkableachievements.L. S. CressmanDepartment of AnthropologyUniversity of OregonRUSSIA: A HISTORY. By SidneyHarcave, PhD, '43. University of NewYork, Champlain College. J. B. Lip-pincott Co., 1952.The purpose of this book is topresent a concise history of Russia.A number of other writers have attempted to do the same thing with agreater or lesser degree of success.In what way, then, does Mr. Harcave'sbook justify itself?In the first place it seems to thisreviewer that the general arrrange-ment is a happy one. The history ofany large nation such as Russia isbound to be complex and it is noteasy to present a clear outline of themain currents. But the author hasdone a very good job of chronological presentation along with thedue consideration of the most important developments which transcend pure chronology.The book is conveniently dividedinto a number of parts dealing withthe generally recognized divisions ofRussia's history. Each part is preceded by a chronological overview,which clearly presents the mainevents of the period. In addition thereare convenient maps and interestingillustrations. At the end we have agenerous bibliography which, at leastin the case of the most importantsources cited, is accompanied by brief,but appropriate, comments.One of the main difficulties of abook of this type is the proper allocation of space to the various historical periods. In most cases thetemptation is to concentrate on themost recent period. This is, of course,justifiable, but at the same time injustice is often done to previousdevelopments which in many instances explain the final results. Mr.Harcave, I believe, has done remarkably well in avoiding such pitfalls.His treatment of the Nineteenth Century and particularly of the period1900 to 1917 is very satisfactory andpresents an extraordinarily wellrounded picture of a rather complexsituation.In dealing with Russia since 1917 —that is, since the days of the Communist Revolution — the author hasutilized the best available sources of information. In particular he was able,through his participation in therefugee interview project conductedby the Russian Research Center ofHarvard University, to elucidate certain problems which are otherwisefrequently misinterpreted.Briefly, this seems to be a work ofa broad introductory scope, whichnevertheless stands careful scholarlyexamination.G. V. BobrinskoyAssoc. Prof., Dept. of Linguistics andOriental Languages and Literaturet^eaderd LjuideARTMr. Joshua Taylor, Assistant Professor of Art, submits these titles inthe field of art for your enjoymentand edification:THE ARTIST AT WORK. By H.Ruhemann and E. M. Kemp. PenguinBooks, 1951.In this modest little book, Mr.Ruhemann, for many years restorerat the National Gallery in London,illustrates in many expertly chosenexamples with brief descriptive text,the intimate association between the—From POETICS OF MUSIC, Harvard"STRAVINSKY" BY PICASSOtechnical processes of the artist andthe quality particular to a work ofart. More is revealed about the creative activity of artists from primitiveto modern times than in many booksseveral times the size and price ofthis.THE GROWTH OF TWELVE MASTERPIECES. By Charles Johnson.Phoenix House, London, 1947.As an amplification of one aspectof Mr. Ruhemann's study — the examination of studies preliminary to22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEa completed painting — this book offersmuch interesting material.PEDAGOGICAL SKETCHBOOK. ByPaul Klee. Translated with an introduction by Sibyl Moholy-Nagy, Prae-ger, 1953.Originally published in 1925 as aBauhaus Book, this "sketchbook" ofmeaningful diagrams and brief captions remains the most persuasive introduction to the highly sensitivevision upon which the art of Kleeand many other contemporaries isbased. By no means intended as abook on "art appreciation," this smallbook, nonetheless, opens up to thewilling reader a whole new world ofperception and will have him in notime joining Klee in the adventuresof line and plane. If you do not haveadequate illustrations of the work ofKlee, or of other contemporary painters, Penguin has an excellent monograph series, The PENGUIN MODERN PAINTERS, at only one dollareach, with surprisingly good reproductions in color and in black andwhite.THE ITALIAN PAINTERS OF THERENAISSANCE. By Bernard Berenson. Phaidon, 1952.These warm hearted and perceptive essays, first published at the turnof the century, have yet to meet theirequal. With none of the historical"problems" which often become theframework of a study of Renaissanceart to stumble over, the reader isconfronted with the works themselvesby an amiable and enthusiastic guide;a guide whose enthusiasm has notwaned in the fifty -odd years sincehe first began these essays. As a substitute for the European galleriesBerenson supposed his readers tohave at hand, Phaidon has includedsome 400 illustrations, making thisedition far more useful than thoseearlier published.GOYA'S CAPRICHOS; BEAUTY,REASON AND CARICATURE. ByJose Lopez-Rey. 2 vols., Princeton,1953.For those who like well publishedstudies of a more specialized nature,this handsome publication of Goya'smost fascinating series of etchingsshould be a particular delight. Thefirst volume is devoted to a study ofthe meanings behind the often enigmatic prints, affording new insight onone of the most interesting artists ofmodern times. The second volumereproduces excellently not only thefinest impressions of the etchings, butalso preliminary sketches and drawings. It is a thoroughly engrossingstudy. Alumni Who Readmay now receivetbe Spring number of theCHICAGO REVIEW• short stories• poetry• criticism• student activity surveywritten by• Alumni• Faculty• StudentsTHE STUDENT EDITORS of the Chicago Reviewfeel that the magazine is approaching its place in thefield of national literary magazines. Alumni subscribersare invited to join in this inevitable achievement.Chicago ReviewReynolds ClubUniversity of ChicagoChicago 37, IllinoisPlease enter my subscription for one year (four issues) at $1.50.(Checks or money orders should be made out to the CHICAGOREVIEW.)Name Address MAY, 1953 23Clate New*1897Burt Brown Barker, vice-presidentemeritus of the University of Oregon,and current chairman of the OregonStatuary Committee, passed throughChicago from Portland early in February en route to New York and Washington, where University of Oregonalumni honored him with dinners. OnFebruary 14 he presented to Congressstatues of Dr. John McLoughlin andthe Rev. Jason Lee as representativesof Oregon to be placed in StatuaryHall. That responsibility performed,Burt Brown Barker continued on toFlorida and California, returning toPortland in early April.1905Susan McCoy retired last August after38 years as chairman of the LanguageDepartment at the State Teachers College, Valley City, N.D.Ernest E. Quantrell, Trustee of theUniversity, and his wife, Lulu Morton,'06, made a winter trip around theworlds They spent six "splendid" daysat the University's Chicago House inLuxor, Egypt. Crossing the Atlantic onthe S.S. Excalibur they met IrnetIbrahim Abdelka der Ibrahim returningto Egypt after his graduate work on theMidway.Sigma Delta Chi's "Best TeacherAward" at Purdue University went toL. M. Sears, AM '09, PhD '22, this year.Dr. Sears is the popular and scholarlyProfessor of History at Purdue (for 33years now). In 1950 our Associationawarded him the Citation for GoodCitizenship.1908Alice F. Braunlich, AM '09, PhD '13, retires from teaching in June. She hasbeen a member of the Classical department at Goucher College since 1920.1909S. S. Visher, SM '10, PhD '14, of IndianaUniversity, has completed a ClimaticAtlas of the United States, which willbe published by the Harvard UniversityPress.1910Ava Bertha Milam, AM '11, of Cor-vallis, Ore., Dean Emeritus of HomeEconomics for the Oregon System ofHigher Education, was married to JasonC. Clark last November. For years Mr.Clark was in Y.M.C.A. work in China,and later with the Seamen's House inNew York. Mr. Clark's first wife diedover two years ago. Ava had been aclose friend of the Clarks through theyears.1911From Irvington, Ky., Viola LewisHerndon writes, "Now and then I noticethat a member of the Class of '11 has retired, but in 1951 I returned to teaching after 29 years of 'home work.' Ithasn't been too hard and it's good tobe busy."Edith Prindiville Atkins is serving herthird term as a representative from Hanover (N.H.) to the New Hampshire General Court. She is also a member ofthe judiciary committee and vice-chairman of the Grafton County delegationto the General Court.1912Robert W. Baird, now a resident ofCoronado, Calif., keeps busy as a full-time volunteer field representative forthe Red Cross.Ludwig A. Emge, MD '15, is ClinicalProfessor Emeritus of Obstetrics andGynecology at Stanford School ofMedicine.Gwendolen Haste confesses that sinceher 40th reunion last June she seems tohave "done little but enjoy life, collectmy salary and pay my bills." She adds,"However, I did meet Maureen CobbMabbott, '24, AM '27 and her husband,Professor T. O. Mabbott of Hunter College, who were guests with me of Gertrude Claytor of New York at PrincetonInn. Mrs. Mabbott and I had majoredand minored, respectively, in English,and had a good time reviving the daysof Herrick, Lovett, and Lynn. That wasa triple play, indeed."Ella Catherine Moynihan was recentlyappointed principal of Schneider Schoolin Chicago.Margaret Tingley (Mrs. MauriceHobbs) is still recalling the good timeshe had at her class' 40th reunion lastJune, and how she and her husbandwent on from there to have a wonderful trip abroad, ending up with a monthin Florida during the Christmas holidays.1913A. A. Bedikian, AM '14, DB '15, retiredthe first of April after 38 years as minister of a church in Leonia, N. J. wherehe first started his ministry immediatelyafter graduation.1914Marie C. Crowe is in -Washington, D.C.where she is legislative assistant to Rep.Barrett O'Hara.John A. Greene, president of the OhioBell Telephone Co., and a trustee of theCleveland Welfare Federation, was aguest speaker at the annual meeting ofthe Welfare Council of MetropolitanChicago in February.John B. Perlee owns a long establishedhearing aid business in the Wyatt Building in Washington, D. C. He is anxiousto serve any alumni or friends who arehaving difficulty with their hearing.Hope you can aid some of our alumni,John, whom we haven't been able toget through to for membership!1915Word has come from Helen DrewRichardson of the death of her husband,Robert Kimball Richardson, on August8, 1952. Dr. Richardson was ProfessorEmeritus of History at Beloit College.Andrew Juhl is being retired thisspring after 42 years of teaching, 37 ofthem in Fresno County, Calif. He hasbeen teaching geometry and German most of the time, and occasionally Latinand English, so his career has been quitea versatile one.Lydia Quinlan Dobbins was recentlycited by the Business and ProfessionalWomen's Club of Springfield, 111., as thecareer woman of the year — in a field of48 nominees. When her husband died afew years ago, Lydia found herself withthe U. S. Electric Co. (wholesale appliances), a staff of loyal emploees andtwo sons.Two years later, one son died, andtoday her second son is in the Navy.So, this modest, quiet, but personablelittle lady is running a business whichthreatens to crowd her out of her building. She is still flabbergasted whenrecognized as the "business woman of theyear."1916Percy Wagner, Chicago realtor and appraiser, has been appointed vice-president of Oak Park Federal Savings andLoan Association.1917Pauline Levi Lehrburger is busily occupied with Greater Boston communityaffairs. She is a board member of severalsocial agencies, an appointee of Brookline selectmen to the community relations committee, and research assistantin the United Community Services ofMetropolitan Boston. "Also happily busywith my family, which includes two married sons and a wonderful grandson."James T. Richards, after 30 years withthe Gulf Oil Corp., in their geological department in Oklahoma, is now retiredand enjoying his home on the shores ofLake Florence near Orlando, Fla. "Mrs.Richards and I are trying to give the fishas much trouble as possible."1918Ruby Scott, AM, has written a 10,000word article, "Samuel Scott of Martinsville," which appeared in the March issue of the Indiana Magazine of History.1919Benjamin Engel, after 20 years in Milwaukee, is off on a new adventure — asvice-president in charge of merchandising and advertising of the Drybak Corp.,Binghamton (N.Y.) manufacturers ofhunting clothing and sports outerwear."Fun so far."1920Genieve Lamson, SM '22, retired, is living in Randolph, Vt., lecturing, andmaintaining her contacts with the International Geographic Union. She attendedthe 17th International Congress in Washington, D.C, last August.Arthur Steinhaus, SM' 25, PhD '28, spent1952 on sabbatical leave from GeorgeWilliams College in Chicago. Eightmonths of the year was spent in lecturing in English Universities, doing research in Germany on a U. S. Navy contract, interviewing Olympic athletes fora radio program at Helsinki, and traveling in Egypt, Lebanon, and Jordan.1921Laureutza jSchantz-Hansen continuesas head of the department of applied24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEChemist receives awarddesign at Purdue University. Her staffhas grown from two in 1930 to eightthis year, including four men, which shefeels is a pretty good record consideringthe fact that her department is in theSchool of Home Economics.1922Bessie Bell writes from Glenville,W. Va., that her current extra-curricularactivity is compilation of data for analumni directory of Glenville State College. She has a regular 15-hour teaching schedule in history, and also findsthe time to read professional journalsand magazines.Jeannette H. Foster, AM, PhD '35, isnow reference librarian at the Universityof Kansas City, Mo., after four yearsas librarian of the Alfred Kinsey Institute of Sex Research.David M. Trout, AM, DB, PhD '24, ofMt. Pleasant, Mich., is working as engineering aide at Soils Laboratory ofCorps of Engineers.1923Municipal Judge James S. Blaine, hiswife, and their two children, Janet andRichard, have "adopted" a 13-year-oldGreek girl through the Foster Parents'Plan for War Children. The Blaines livein Oakland, Calif.Albert R. VanCleane, AM, is a dean atSouth Union College in Wadley, Ala.1924Helen Wells left the Chicago HERALDAMERICAN in September to becomewoman's editor of the Chicago SUN-TIMES.Edwin Willoughby, AM, PhD '32, wasin England last fall, and lectured at theUniversities of Liverpool, Leeds, andManchester on "The Uses of Bibliography."1925The Griffith Leverings are residents ofLansdowne, Pa. Mrs. Levering (MarthaLeutsker) has been very busy in recentmonths as chairman of Red Cross fundraising in her county. The older daughter, Jean, 21, is a senior at Mt. HolyokeCollege, and their younger daughter,Martha, a senior at Westlawn School.Dorothy Marcy (Mrs. Edwin Long) isdirector of Indiana (Pa.) County ChildWelfare Services of the Pennsylvania department of welfare. She is also president of the Indiana (Pa.) branch of theAmerican Association of UniversityWomen.1926Harold Titus, PhD, was on sabbaticalleave from Denison University in thefall. He revised his book, Living Issuesin Philosophy, which appeared in a second edition in March, and spent part ofhis leave in Mexico and Florida.1927Margaret Davis Clark is teaching arteducation at the University of Redlands,Calif.1928Oscar Akerlund, of Wheaton, 111., reports that his retirement is giving himMAY, 1953 William Appel, '17, is shown here(left) receiving from Secretary Sinclair Weeks the Department of Commerce gold medal for his "outstandingcontributions to textile chemistry,technology, and standards for manyyears at the National Bureau ofStandards."Mr. Appel joined the National Bu-time to catch up with his reading. Heretired from high school teaching in1951, and from the Food CommercialCollege last June.Hazel L. Ruday (Mrs. Leon Stern) isteaching social studies at South ShoreHigh School in Chicago.1929Governor Stratton of Illinois has reappointed Helen Munsert assistant commissioner on the Illinois CommerceCommission — and she's still the first andonly woman to be so appointed.Carleton Speed, Jr. was general chairman of the 1953 combined National Conventions of American Association ofPetroleum Geologists, the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogistsand the Society of Exploration Geo-physicists Meeting in Houston, Texas,March 23-26.Edwarda Williams, AM '35, (Mrs. W. W.White) is counselor of women at theUniversity of Southern California. Sheis having a wonderful time seeing thateach girl enjoys a social life on thecampus. Mrs. White was recently honored by the University of Toledo whena plaque, dedicating the University'snew dormitory and infirmary, was unveiled. The buildings are named forMrs. White's late husband, Wilbur Wal- reau of Standards in 1922 and in 1929became chief of the textiles section."His pioneering work in the utilization of spectrophotometry in the investigation of dyes and dyeing led toa new approach to the problems ofdyeing and fading of textiles and anticipated technological development intextile dyeing."lace White, AM '29, PhD '35, president ofthe University of Toledo until his deathin 1950.1930Margaret H. Waters is working withsocially maladjusted children in the OakPark (111.) public schools, and is a lecturer in child development and humanrelations.1931Robert W. Bates, PhD, is a biochemistin the section on endocrinology of theNational Institute of Arthritis andMetabolic Diseases at Bethesda, Md.Arthur R. Cahill was recently electedassistant treasurer of International Minerals & Chemical Corp., in Chicago.Marguerite McNall Williams of ValleyStream, Long Island, left with her husband, Fred, on a 15,000-mile auto jauntthrough Mexico and Central Americaearly this year. They returned in lateApril. The Williamses, you'll remember,entertained our New York Club at apicnic at their Long Island home lastsummer.1932Paul C. Frank and Miss Letitia Evans25were married on December 28 in NewYork City.Robert R. Jorgensen has been appointed general manager of Sears, Roebuck and Co.'s tax department. He hasbeen a member of Sears' tax departmentsince 1933 and served as manager of theincome tax division for 12 years. Since1947, Jorgensen has lectured on taxationat the University of Chicago and hasbeen chairman of the annual FederalTax Conference here for the past fiveyears.Ruth E. Schoneman, who is a librarianat the Art Institute of Chicago, spentlast May and June in Europe, visitingmuseums, libraries and bookstores, aswell as sightseeing.1933Ervin E. Beisel and Mary MarthaRaaba of New Albany, Ind., were marriedDecember 27, 1952.Leo E. Gatzek is a metallurgist withthe Affiliated Gas Equipment Co. inMonrovia, Calif.Alice Mooradian is active in manycommunity and church activities in Niagara Falls, N. Y. She is vice-presidentof the YWCA and chairman of its publicrelations, vice-president of the Leagueof Women Voters, and chairman of theUSO junior hostess committee.1934Mr. and Mrs. John R. Tomlinson(Patricia Bonner) announce the birth ofJeffrey Stephens Tomlinson, July 2, 1952.The Tomlinsons are living in Aberdeen,Md.Newell Clapp, JD, is a partner in theWashington, D.C., law firm of Morison,& Abrams. Mr. Clapp had recentlyserved as first assistant and acting assistant attorney general of the UnitedStates in charge of the antitrust division.Charles Hauch, AM '36, PhD '42, is withthe Department of State as assistant director of the program office, in charge ofPoint 4 technical assistance programmingfor the Middle America and Caribbeanarea, Institute of Inter-American Affairs,Technical Cooperation Administration.George E. McMurray, Jr., JD, is nowa member of the Washington, D.C. lawfirm of Sullivan, Bernard, Shea andKenney. We are indebted to Richard Schlegel,'35, for this news about one of his classmates, Harry T. Moore, who was prominent in student literary circles in theearly '30's. "Harry has taught at Northwestern University, gained a PhD fromBoston University, and at present teachesEnglish at the Babson Institute inWellesley. He has published severalbooks, including a critical study of D. H.Lawrence."Paul C. Smith, who is in the oil business in Pacific Palisades, Calif., reportsthe birth of a second daughter, Wendy,on February 15, 1953. Their older daughter, Jill, is now three and a half.Robert A. Walker, PhD '40, and hiswife, Louise Walker, '35, were in Japanlast summer where Mr. Walker taughtat the University of Tokyo.1935Elizabeth Aneshaensel (Mrs. R. N.Rockwood) who helped keep the Registrar's office operating efficiently for somany years, has moved with her husband to Minneapolis. After so manyyears on campus she finds it hard torealize that "we are not just away ona trip."William Gaige, AM, is president of theRhode Island College of Education inProvidence.Clifford Massoth summarizes his careeras a case of "once a railroad man, alwaysa railroad man." He has been with theIllinois Central R. R. since leaving theUniversity, and is the editor of the I. C.Magazine and also a public relationsofficer.1936Samuel Greenberg (Rush MD) wascertified in December by the AmericanBoard in Psychiatry.Benjamin Libet, PhD '39, writes thatthe arrival of Gayla Bea last October24th brings the family total to four — twoboys and two girls. Benjamin is Associate Professor of Physiology at theUniversity of California at Berkeley.Henry R. Sehmann, AM, PhD '47, isProfessor of Education at Long BeachState College, Calif.Taylor Whittier, AM '38, PhD '48, andhis wife, Sara Jane Leckrone, '34, AM '46, The battle against diseaseMajor John T. Maloney, a bacteriologist at the Armed ForcesInstitute of Pathology, was recently awarded the Bronze Starwith an oak leaf cluster for meritorious service in Korea.While Major Maloney was stationed with the Mobile Army Surgical Hospital, 8228th Army Unitin Korea, he kept up a series ofdiagnostic tests which enabled theArmy doctors to make an earlyand accurate diagnosis of epidemichemorrhagic fever.He was a student at the University for several years, between1938 and 1946.are already grooming their youngstersfor future U. of C. alumniship. PenelopeLeonore, born October 8, 1952, is thelatest addition, and is being educated byolder sister Cece, 5, and brothers Tim, 9,and Chip, 11. The Whittiers live in St.Petersburg, Fla.1937Sophie E. Merritt, AM '47, who hasbeen a resident of Madison, Wis., sinceSeptember, '51, is an educational specialist in social studies for the U. S. ArmedForces Institute. Her husband is withthe State Historical Society as assistantstate archivist. "Madison lives up to itsreputation as a good place to live."Wendell P. Metzner, PhD, is associatedirector of research for the Organic* $ How Much Do You Want To Earn?Opportunities for an outstanding and successful career as a representative ofthe Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada, one of the ten top-ranking lifeinsurance companies in North America, are now open to alert, ambitious menof personality and character, ages 25 to 40. The Sun Life, established in 1865,• invites you to give serious consideration to the excellent prospects offered bythis professional career of public service.• Expert training • Immediate income with commission and bonuses •• Generous hospitalization and retirement plans •The Branch Manager of the Sun Life office serving your territory will gladly discuss with you the advantages of aSun Life sales career. For a complete list of the Company's 100 branches in the United States and Canada, write theHead Office, 278 Sun Life Building, Montreal.26 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEChemicals Division of Monsanto Chemical Co., in Charleston, W. Va.John G. Morris, for the past six yearspicture editor of The Ladies HomeJournal, is now editorial director ofMagnum Photos, Inc. John will be incharge of the world-wide operations ofthis company, which also has a Parisoffice. John is among old friends fromWorld War II, when he was head ofLIFE'S London bureau.1938Joseph Klapper, AM, remains with theevaluation staff of Voice of America. Heis now project director and has writtenseveral articles on communications research which have appeared in recentissues of the Public Opinion Quarterly.Cmdr. Horace Warden, MD, is a doctorat the Navy Hospital in San Diego.1939Morris H. Cohen, PhD '50, is backteaching at Clark University after a yearin Washington, D.C, and Chicago on aFord Foundation grant.Francis Sweeney and his wife, theformer Valerie von Noe, '33, are at Loyola University in Los Angeles whereFrances is a psychologist.1940The 15-month-old son in the home ofDr. and Mrs. Angelo Creticos (AnneMajarakis, AM '43) is a husky 35-pounder and looks like a three-year-old.Jane Rasmussen Eldon reports thebirth of a daughter, Nancy Elizabeth, onDecember 3, 1952, at Presbyterian Hospital in Chicago.Mozart G. Ratner, JD, has joined theChicago law firm of Jacobs and Kaminas a partner. He was formerly assistantgeneral counsel in charge of supremecourt litigation with the National LaborRelations Board.Lester Rickman, AM, has been serving for the past three years as executivesecretary of the Missouri Christian Missionary Society. He was a delegate lastsummer to the World Convention ofChristian Churches in Melbourne, Australia. His wife, Leona Nelson Rickman,is teaching in the Jefferson City publicschools.George Washington Smith, Jr., MD, isa radiologist at Columbia Hospital inSouth Carolina.1941Robert B. Baum is managing seismicoil exploration for Seismograph ServiceCorp., in the southeastern states.Donald L. Buchanan, MD, is a biochemist at Western Reserve University,Cleveland, Ohio.Lois Whiting, AM '42 (Mrs. RobertHarlan) informs us that the Harlan family are enjoying their six months' stayin the States as an interlude in Robert's('40, JD '42) foreign service. She writes."We've found our stays in Europe andNorth Africa fascinating. But home issurely a grand place! Our two daughtersare renewing their acquaintance withAmerica. The older one is experiencinga real American junior high school forthe first time, and our three-year-oldnow knows that railroad trains exist inother places besides her picture books.Escalator — elevator — locomotive — r a d i a - <now is the time to choose yourCOOL, LIGHTWEIGHT SUMMER SUITSfrom our interesting, distinctive selectionmade exclusively for us on our own modelsOur Suits and Odd Jackets for warm weatherwear are unusually attractive and practical thisseason . . . featuring as they do new blends ofrayon-and-mohair, Orlon*-and-nylon, andrayon-acetatd-and-Dacron*...as well as newpatterns and traditional favorites in cotton . . .and our pure linens. And, as always, they aremade exclusively for us on our own styles.Suits, from $24.50 • Odd Jackets, from $18.50Swatches, descriptions and order form sent ufon request*Du Pont's fiberESTABLISHED 1818lien's furnishings, |{ats %% hoes346 MADISON AVENUE, COR. 44TH ST., NEW YORK 17, N. Y.BOSTON • CHICAGO • LOS ANGELES • SAN FRANCISCOMAY, 1953 27tor — she is having a glorious time withnew words."1942James Lee Cox is a lieutenant commander in the Navy, stationed in LongBeach, Calif.Darrell C. Fultz, AM, is inspector atthe Westinghouse Electric Corp., inLima, Ohio, and recording secretary ofthe IUE-CIO, 724.Thomas Lewin, AM, has been appointed as assistant professor at the NewYork School of Social Work, ColumbiaUniversity. He will teach courses inpublic welfare and administration.Esther Rosenberg Savit writes that theJoseph Savit family has moved back tothe Midwest from California and "lovesliving in Maywood." Joe is a chemistfor the Magie Oil Co., and Esther is asubstitute teacher. They have threechildren.David Rothrock, who is a field geologistand stratigrapher with the Carter Oil(Advertisement)GLEN EYRIE FARM FORCHILDRENA FARM CAMP with all farm activities —gardening, care of animals, cows, chickens,pigs, horses, ducks, goats, dogs, cats —orchards, berries, milking, riding. On Beautiful Lake Delavan. Red Cross Swimmingprogram. Boys and girls 8-12 years. June30th— August 25th.Director: Virginia Hinkins Buzzell, '13Delavan, WisconsinTelephone KEnwood 6-1352J. E. KIDWELL Fh^Tt826 East Forty-seventh StreetChicago 15, IllinoisJAMES E. KIDWELLT. A. REHNQUIST CO.?EST. 1929CONCRETEFLOORS — SIDEWALKSMACHINE FOUNDATIONSINDUSTRIAL FLOORINGEMERGENCY REPAIR WORKCONCRETE BREAKINGWATERPROOFINGINSIDE WALLS6639 S. Vernon AvenueNOrmal 7-0433 Co., in Vernal, Utah, attended theStandard Oil (New Jersey) Producers'Technical Meeting in Venezuela inearly spring.William H. Russell, AM '47, is an instructor in history at Eureka Collegein Illinois.Dr. Charles Schlageter, MD '44, is backin the Navy, as a psychiatrist, at theGreat Lakes Naval Training Center.Randall Tucker, MBA, is an assistantprofessor of economics at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn.1943Alexander Harmon, MBA '49, superintendent of the Cleveland City Hospital,was on campus for a few hours in lateMarch. He's a little concerned aboutmoving into the residence furnished thesuperintendent because of wee daughterLucia — "the menace." Turned loose onthe hospital grounds, she could delaythe construction of his new two-million-dollar research laboratory by as much asten years.Doris Kerns Eddins, AM, is teachingat New York State College for Teachers,in Buffalo.Harry Roberts, MBA '47, and his wife,the former June Hoover, '44, have a son,Andrew Harry, born December 10, 1952,in Chicago.Louise Tibbetts, AM, is working as afield consultant with the day care division of the New York City departmentof welfare.1944Mary Collins Warren reports fromGranada Hills, Calif., that her time isspent taking care of two-year-oldE. Alyn Warren, III.Edward A. Cooperrider is now pastorof the Unity Lutheran Church in St.Louis, Mo.Dorothea Fruechtenicht Brown, AM,and her husband toured Mexico in atwo -month trip this spring. Their familyincludes Deborah Sue, who is a year oldnow, and Reid, who is four.Reginald V. Hobbah, PhD, is on aleave of absence from Rutgers University until the fall of '54, in order toundertake transportation studies for director of transportation, headquarters,U. S. Air Forces.Both Ann M. Pearson, MD '47, and herhusband are practicing with the MedicalGroup at 1925 Hamilton Court, Springfield, 111. The Pearsons' second child,Susan, was born last October 9, joiningbrother Bill, who is three years old.1945Marilyn Burkhart is appearing in "ThisIs the Life," a religious TV film series.Her stage name is Atholie Karel. She isthe daughter of Ella Burkhart, '15.Henry De Leeuw, MD '47, a captain inthe U. S. Army, is stationed at FortDix, where he is chief of laboratory atthe Army hospital.John V. Denko, MD '47, and his wife,Gloria Sandalis Denko, '48, have movedtheir family to Seattle, Wash., whereJohn is deputy chief of the pathologyservice for the U. S. Public Health Service. The Denkos report that they arevery fond of the scenery and wide openspaces of the great northwest. They havetwo children: Madeleine, 4, and JohnScott, one year old. Arthur Koch is pastor of the Galva(111.) Congregational Church.Frederick Wezeman is now head librarian of the Oak Park (111.) publiclibrary.1946William Boylston, JD '50, has opened alaw office in Sarasota, Fla.Harvey Rose, MBA '48, opened an officethe first of the year at 318 W. Adams inChicago as an outlet for the ChurchillSportswear line of Boston, Mass.A second son, Robert Stone Rowe,was born last June 15th in the James L.Rowe family in Indianapolis, Ind.Carolyn Surratt was married on February 8, 1953, to Dr. Thayer Mills Mackenzie, in Oklahoma City. Dr. Mackenzieis a psychiatrist. The couple will live inBaltimore.Robert L. Tesdell, DB, is director ofan educational travel association in NewYork City.Robert P. Williams, SM, PhD '49, ofHouston, Texas, suffered an attack ofpolio in June, 1952. He is in a wheelchair, and reports that he is back atwork part time.1947William Ashby, PhD '50 and his wife,the former Rhoda Stratton, AM '48, havea baby daughter, Rhoda Ethel, born onSeptember 14, 1952. The Ashbys are living in Pasadena, Calif., where William iswith the Kerckhoff laboratories at CalTech.Morris L. Cohen is with the New Yorklaw firm of Bannigan and Zirin. Morriswas married on February 1, 1953, toGloria Weitzner of Brooklyn College.Capt. David Dennis and his wife, Lois,are in Rome, N. Y., where David is stationed at Griffiss Air Force Base in theprocurement directorate of the air materiel command department. There aretwo boys in the Dennis family, withStephen Frederick, the younger, noweighteen months old.Joseph Friedheim, MBA, administratorat the Jameson Memorial Hospital inNew Castle, Pa., is happy these daysabout the million -dollar addition to hishospital, furnishing badly needed facilities.Vivian R. Gussin (Mrs. Irving Paley)is director of the Great Books Foundation in New Orleans, La.Daniel D. Sugerman has been placedin charge of the structural steel and reinforcing bar division of the Laube SteelCo., in Chicago. He is also assistant tothe sales manager.Lois Tyson Winston has a baby daughter, born February 5, 1953.1948Heather Akselrod was married on February 6, 1953, to Sherwin A. Rodin, aColumbia ., Law School graduate. Thismakes two lawyers in the family, asHeather was admitted to the New YorkState Bar last year. The couple is athome in Norwalk, Conn.Barbara Lipman was married last September to Sheldon Kent. The couple isliving in Chicago.Edward A. MacNeal, AM '51, and MissPriscilla Perry of New York City weremarried December 27, 1952, in New YorkCity.John Robinson is now serving as as-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINELA TOURAINECoffee and TeaLa Touraine Coffee Co.209 Milwaukee Ave., ChicagoOther PlantsBoston — New York — Philadelphia —Syracuse — Cleveland — Detroit"You Might As Well Have The Best"Phones OAlcland 4-0690 — 4-0691 — 4-0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueBOYDSTON BROS., INC.operatingAuthorized Ambulance ServiceFor Billings HospitalOfficial Ambulance Service forThe University of ChicagoOAlcland 4-0492Trained and licensed attendantsW. B. Conkey Co.Division ofRand MWally & CompanyCHICAGO • HAMMOND • NEW YORKSince 1885ALBERTTeachers' AgencyThe best in placement service for Universitv,College, Secondary and Elementary. Nationwide patronage. Call or write us at25 E. Jackson Blvd.Chicago 4, III.TREMONTAUTO SALES CORP.Direct Factory DealerforCHRYSLER and PLYMOUTHNEW CARS6040 Cottage GroveMUseum 4-4500AlsoGuaranteed Used Cars andComplete Automobile Repair,Body, Paint, Simonize, Washand Greasing Departments sistant to George Hardy, vice-presidentfor the 11 western states of the BuildingService Employee's International Union,A. F. of L. He is presently doing a stintwith the Los Angeles area locals, participating in contract negotiations andworking with the International's research department.Herbert H. Paper, AM, PhD '51, wasnamed an assistant professor of NearEastern languages in the Department ofNear Eastern Studies at the Universityof Michigan for a three-year period andassistant professor, Ford FoundationNear Eastern Studies Program, for theacademic year 1953-54. He is at presentcarrying on research work on the Persianlanguage in the division of modernlanguages at Cornell University.Robert V. Presthus, PhD, is an associate professor at Michigan State Collegein East Lansing.Donald Whitehead, AM, PhD '51, is engaged in research for the Department ofState in Washington, D.C.1949Walter A. Butcher, SM, is a recentaddition to the research department ofStandard Oil Co. (Ind.) at Whiting.Alan L. Grey, PhD, is an assistant professor in clinical psychology at TeachersCollege, Columbia University.Arthur Hummel, AM, is Chief of theDivision of Orientalia of the Library ofCongress. He returned in Decemberfrom a trip to the Far East buying booksand getting in touch with scholars there.John E. Stilz is a meteorologist withthe U. S. weather bureau in San Francisco.R. Reed Stormer, AM, has been working for three years in the bureau of security and consular affairs, departmentof state, in Washington, D. C.1950Lambert S. Botts, AM, is a writer forAdvertising Age, a weekly newspaperpublished in Chicago.Dexter Huntington, SM '51, is a staffchemist with the Motion Picture Research Council in Hollywood.William Lundberg, AM, is employed asplanning engineer for the city of St.Petersburg, Fla. He and his wife, AnneMiller, have three sons, Mark, Peter,and Roger.Jay M. Sawilowsky was released fromactive Army duty in January.Ralph Yingst is in Lebanon, Pa., nowafter a tour of service in Korea with the40th Infantry Division.1951Lt. Col. Maxwell Dauer, PhD, wasawarded the degree of associate fellowship by the American College of Radiology. Dauer is chief of the Special Projects Branch of the Medical Research andDevelopment Board of the Office of theArmy Surgeon General. He has been onduty with the Army School of Roentgenology, the Manhattan Project, andthe Atomic Energy Commission. He participated in the atomic experiments atboth Bikini and Eniwetok.Fred Fragner, AM, is director of theSocial Service and Rehabilitation Department at the J.C.R.S. Sanatorium inSpivak, Colo.Robert J. Hahn, has made aviation hiscareer. He has joined United Airlines as AJAX WASTE PAPER CO.1001 W. North Ave.Buyers of Waste Paper500 pounds or moreScrap Metal and IronFor Prompt Service CallMr. B. Shedroff, CR 7-2668BEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO.24-HOUR SERVICELICENSED - BONDEDINSUREDQUALIFIED WELDERSHAymarket 1-79171404-08 S. Western Ave.. ChicagoGolden Dirilyte(formerly Dirigold)Complete sets and open stockFINE BONE CHINAAynsley, Royal Crown Derby, Spode andOther Famous Makes of Fine China. AlsoCrystal, Table Linen and Gifts.COMPLETE TABLE APPOINTMENTSDirigo, Inc.Chicago 4, III.70 E. Jackson Blvd.Telephone HAymarket 1-3120E. A. AARON & BROS., Inc.Fresh Fruits and VegetablesDistributors ofCEDERGREEN FROZEN FRESH FRUITS ANDVEGETABLES46-48 South Water MarketSrxcfiMNct in nccritcju fiooucnELECTRICAL SUPPLY CO.Olstrlkitars, MamtactDitrs ail Jiitars (IELECTRICAL MATERIALSAND FIXTURE SUPPLIES5801 Halsted St. - ENglewood 4-7500MAY, 1953 2dPOND LETTER SERVICEEverything in LettersHooven Typewriting MimeographingMultigraphirtg# AddressingAddressograph Service MailingHighest Quality Service Minimum PricesAH Phones: 219 W. Chicago AvenueMl 2-8883 Chicago 10, IllinoisPHOTOPRESS, INC.OFFSET-LITHOGRAPHYFine Color Work a SpecialtyQuality Book Reproduction731 Plymouth CourtW Abash 2-8182Platers - SilversmithsSince 1917GOLD, SILVER, RHODIUMSILVERWARERepaired, Refinished, RelacqueredSWARTZ & COMPANY10 S. Wabash Ave. CEntral 6-6089-90 ChicagoA. T. STEWART LUMBER CO.Quality and ServiceSince 788879th Street at Greenwood Ave.All Phones Vlncennes 6-9000LEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: HYde Park 3-9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERHIGHEST RATED IN UNITED STATES^ ENGRAVERS ^ SINCE 1906 ? WORK DONE BY ALL PROCESSES ? I+ ESTIMATES GLADLY FURNISHED ?? ANY PUBLISHER OUR REFERENCE ?"RAYNERrDALHEIM fxCO.2801 W. 47TH ST. CHICAGO. first officer, flying Mainliners in and outof Los Angeles. Hahn began flying in1942 with the Air Force and flew 50combat missions in the South Pacific.Leonard Honan, AM, a teacher at theHatch Preparatory School in Newport,R. I., was married on December 22, 1952,to Miss Jeannette Colin.Barbara Horvitz was married on February 19, 1953, to Ronald Feinberg, a student at Dartmouth College.William Pryor was married to HelenAnn Allen last July 3, in Long Beach,Calif. The couple lives in Berkeley,where William is studying for his doctorate in chemistry.Donald W. Reed, AM, is associate director for planning, Metropolitan AtlantaCommunity Services, Inc.William J. Seefeldt, AM, is a healthprograms analyst with the Federal Security Agency in Washington, D.C.1952Martin Arlook is a student at RutgersUniversity School of Law, and is president of his first year law class.James V. Compton, AM, is an assistantin history at Cornell and a candidate fora PhD.Guy A. Franceschini, SM, is an actingassistant professor in the physics department at Texas A & M, and also an assistant oceanographer at the A&M research foundation, doing research on"air-ocean system."V. Emil Gudmondson, DB, is ministerof the First Unitarian Society in Ellsworth, Me. He reports that they liketheir cozy home and are finding theMaine climate quite acceptable, too. Hiswife, Barbara Rohrke, commutes to BarHarbor — only 20 miles from their home— where she is a research assistant inimmunology at the Jackson Memoriallaboratories.Hector N. Guindon, MBA, is seniorauditor for the Sperry & HutchinsonCompany, in New York.Army Pvt. Gerald B. Mullin was recently graduated from a leadershipschool conducted at Fort Leonard Woodby the 6th Armored Division.Andrew Suttle, PhD, joined the research and development division ofHumble Oil & Refining Co., in Bay town,Texas, last August. He is engaged inresearch on the potentialities of radiation chemistry.Memoria iElizabeth Faulkner, '85, one of the lastremaining graduates of the Old University of Chicago, died at the age of 87on February 26 at her home in theFaulkner School for Girls — which shefounded in 1909 on Chicago's south side.Graduated at 19, she taught Greek andLatin at Bowen High School and at OakPark High School. She also taught atKenwood Institute and Harvard Schoolfor Boys before founding her school.She was always an enthusiastic and active supporter of the University, servedon many alumni boards, and supportedthe Association's program wholeheartedly. Up until recently, when poorhealth interfered, she attended all Association functions and she was the first Local and Long Distanco MovingStorage Facilities for Books,Record Cabinets, Trunks, erCarloads of FurniturePeterson FireproofWarehouse Inc.1011 EAST 55th STREETBUTTERFIELD 8-6711DAVID L SUTTON, PresidentWasson-PocahontasCoal Co,6876 South Chicago Ave.Phone: BUtterfield 8-2116-7-8-9Wasson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wasson DoesBLACKSTONEHALLAnExclusive Women's Hotelin theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering Graceful Living to University and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALL5748Blackstone Ave. TelephonePLaza 2-3313Verna P. Warner, DirectorAuto LiveryQuiet, unobtrusive serviceWhen you want it, as you want itCALL AN EMERY FIRSTEmery Drexel Livery, Inc.5516 Harper AvenueFAirfax 4-640030 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERESULTS . . .depend on getting the details RIGHTPRINTINGImprinting-Processed Letters - TypewritingAddressing - Adressographing - FoldingMailing - Copy Preparation - MultilithA Complete Service for Direct AdvertisersChicago Addressing Company722 So. Dearborn - Chicago 5 - WA 2-4561BIRCK-FELLINGER CORP.ExclusiveCleaners & Dyers200 E. Marquette RoadPhone: WEntworth 6-5380Since 1878HANNIBAL, INC.UpholsterersFurniture Repairing1919 N. Sheffield AvenuePhone: Lincoln 9-7180Ashjian Bros., inc.ESTABLISHED 1921Oriental and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED8066 South Chicago Phone REgent 4-6000GEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street KEdzie 3-3186TELEVISIONRentals — sales New & ReconditionedRADIOSRadio-TV ServiceELECTRICAL APPLIANCESRefrigerators Dishwashers DriersWashers Air Conditioners FreezersSPORTING GOODSFor all seasonsRECORDSLPs & 45sFine collection for childrenHERMANS935 E. 55th StreetAt Ingleside AvenueTelephone Midway 3-6700Julian A. fishier, '33MAY, 1953 to receive a 50-year Emeritus Clubmedallion.Elizabeth Irene Reese, who took workat the University around 1896, died November 10, 1952, in Lincoln, Neb.Allen Tibbals Burns, '97, organizer andexecutive of Community Chests andCouncils Inc., died March 9, 1953, of aheart attack. He was the first dean ofthe school of civics and philanthropy atthe University of Chicago. He was oneof the founders of the Foreign PolicyAssociation and also served a term aspresident of the National Conference ofSocial Work. He is survived by hiswidow, a son, Scott Burns, and a daughter, Mrs. James Affleck.Dr. E. V. L. Brown, '03, (Rush MD '98)famed Chicago ophthalmologist, died atthe age of 76 at his home in Winnetkaon March 1, 1953. He was board president of Provident Hospital and presidentof the Hadley Correspondence Schoolfor the Blind in Winnetka. He was amember of the Mayor's Committee onHuman Relations and a director of theIllinois Society for the Prevention ofBlindness. He was Professor Emeritusof Ophthalmology of Rush Medical College and of the University of IllinoisMedical School.Alfred R. Autrey, MD '05, died onFebruary 14, 1953, in Port Arthur, Texas.Henry P. Conkey, who took work atthe University around 1906, died February 11, 1953, in Chicago. He retiredthree years ago as president of theW. B. Conkey company, Hammondprinting firm.Paul Buhlig, '08, former Chicago investment broker, died March 7, 1953, inPasadena, Calif. Mr. Buhlig was a director of the Federal Security Corp.,here until he left Chicago in 1932. InCalifornia he was associated with thePacific Co. of Los Angeles, an investment bank. He is survived by his widow,Margaret, a daughter, and two sons,Paul, Jr., and Edward.Frederic W. Carr, '08, died in BostonDecember 12, 1952. A Rhodes Scholar,Mr. Carr spent his life in the field ofjournalism, first with his father's paper,the Gary Tribune, on the Western NewsBureau, and finally with the ChristianScience Monitor, where he became alabor news authority.James D. Lightbody, '07, famous Chicago track man of the first decade, diedof a heart attack at his home in Charleston, S. C, on March 2, 1953. He is survived by his widow, Mabel Payne Light-body, '06, a daughter, Katherine Parker,and a son, James D. Lightbody.H. L. Ylvisaker, AM '10, died November 17, 1952. He was superintendent ofLeyden High School in Franklin Park,111.James H. Risley, '11, superintendentemeritus of the Pueblo Public Schools,died February 2, 1953.Blaine W. Claypool, 12, died September 10, 1952.Calvin J. Smith, '12, died January 7,1953.Melvin C. Merrill, SM '13, died December 22, 1952 at his home in Washington,D.C. He retired in 1949 after a quarterof a century's service as chief of the division of publications, Office of Information, Department of Agriculture. He wasfor years in charge of the Journal ofAgricultural Research and was associatedirector of the Department's graduateschool.Bernard Brown, SM '14, died suddenly CLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency70th YearNationwide ServiceFive Offices — One Fee64 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoMinneapolis — Kansas City, Mo.Spokane — New YorkAMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. JACKSON BOULEVARDCHICAGOA Bureau of Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field. Itis affiliated with the Fisk Teachers Agencyof Chicago, whose work covers all the educational fields. Both organizations assistin the appointment of administrators aswell as of teachers.Our service is nation-wide.HYLAND A. NOLANPLASTERING, BRICKandCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. Lake Park Ave.Telephone DOrchester 3-1579RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING and DECORATING1 33 1 TelephoneW. Jackson Blvd. MOnroe 6-3192YOUR FAVORITEFOUNTAIN TREATt Swift & Company7409 So. State StreetPhone RAdcliffe 3-740031SARGENT'S DRUG STOREAn Ethical Drug Store for 100 YearsChicago's most completeprescription stock23 N. Wabash Avenue670 N. Michigan AvenueChicagoWHOLESALE RETAILPARKER-HOLSMANReal Estate and Insurance1500 East 57th Street Hyde Park 3-2525PENDERCatch Basin and Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sumps-Pumps6620 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUEFAirfax 4-0550PENDER CATCH BASIN SERVICEZJkeCxcluilve Cleaner*We operate our own drycleaning plantTHREE HOUR SERVICE1331 East 57th St. 5319 Hyde Park Blvd.Midway 3-0602 NOrmal 7-9858Office & Plant1442 East 57th Street Midway 3-0608LOWER YOUR COSTSWAGE INCENTIVESEMPLOYEE TRAININGPERSONNEL PROCEDURESIMPROVED METHODSJOB EVALUATIONROBERT B. SHAPIRO '33. DIRECTOR of a heart attack on January 6, 1953, inPuryear, Tenn.Olive P. Smith, AM '15, died February2 1953.Dr. John M. Ratcliff, '16, AM '19, foryears Dean of Tufts College School ofReligion, died February 23 at his homein Medford, Mass.Elinor Castle, '18, (Mrs. John U. Nef)died February 9, 1953, after a short illness. Services for her were held in BondChapel on the campus. Burial was inHonolulu. Mrs. Nef was well known forthe encouragement and support she gaveto writers here and abroad, and was active in the support of musical and artistic enterprises. Her husband is Chairman of the Committee on Social Thoughtat the University.Alfred H. Hallman, '19, MD '22, died onFebruary 15, 1953, in Chicago, at theage of 56, of coronary thrombosis.Waldo Berry Christy, AM '20, died onJanuary 20, 1953, in Phoenix, Arizona,after a long illness. He had taught inboth Phoenix Union and Tempe HighSchools and for 10 years was head ofthe commercial department at ArizonaState College.Harold Adams Innis, PhD '20, head ofthe department of political economy atthe University of Toronto since 1937,died November 8, 1952. He was considered a leading authority on Canadianhistory and economics.Almor Anderson, '23, died on February27, 1953, at his home in Jefferson, Ohio.John M. Pearson, '25, director of theSun Oil Co.'s physical research laboratory at Newton, Pa., died November 16,1952, at his home in Swarthmore, Pa., atthe age of 48. He held 15 patents forelectronic measuring instruments, andwas an authority on corrosion engineering.Frank A. Welton, PhD '25, died December 28, 1952.Elsa Rawlings, '27, died February 9,1953, in Eau Claire, Wis.James J. Daly, JD '28, died June 6,1952, of a cerebral hemorrhage.Ben S. Patterson, '29, died last summer. The exact date of death was notfurnished the Alumni office.Horace Glenwood Holcomb, AM '29,died December 14, 1952, in Newport,Oregon.Wesley Robertson Long, PhD '29, diedFebruary 26, 1953.Fanny Smith, SM '29, died last July,1952.Daniel A. Watkins, MD '29, suffered aheart attack and died suddenly on September 26, 1952.Archie F. Winning, '30, died suddenlyfrom a heart attack on March 5 — his44th birthday. He was deputy managerof the Chicago Housing Authority. Hewas captain of the wrestling team during his undergraduate days at the University.Bruce Allan Hollister, MD '32, of WestChicago, was killed, and his wife injuredon March 1, 1953, when an auto in whichthey were riding struck an embankmentand turned over on the Denver-Bouldertoll road near Boulder, Colo. Dr. Hollister was a surgeon for the Chicago andNorthwestern railroad.Milton L. Plumb, AM '33, died onJanuary 25, 1953. A former high schoolteacher, he had served as principal ofReitz High School in Evansville, Ind.,before his retirement in 1947.Anna W. Boot, '35, of Holland, Mich.,died October 29, 1952. Robert B. Armstrong was a graduatebiologist when he left Colgate University in 1945. Like most of us, he wassearching for liis place in the world.He spent two years in research. ButBob missed people. He wanted to helpthem personally rather than indirectly.He left the laboratory to look for something else.Then, one day, Bob had a heart-to-heart talk with an old college classmate.This friend, a New England Mutualagent, pointed out how a career in lifeinsurance offers unlimited opportunitiesfor helping people.In remembering that conversationnow, Bob says: "It became clear thatNew England Mutual offered the verything I was looking for— a chance reallyto help people and at the same timebuild a successful future for myself. Yes,the life insurance business has beengood to me— very good!"Why not find out for yourself how youcan build your future at New EnglandMutual? Mail the coupon below for abooklet in which 15 men tell why theychose a life insurance career with NewEngland Mutual.NEW ENGLAND MUTUALBox 333Boston 17, Mass.Please send, me, without costor obligation, your booklet,"Why We Chose New England Mutual.Name Address .L.C/ry- .Zone _S/ofe_The NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL Life Insurance Company of BostonThe company that founded mutual life insurance in America — 183532 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEHave youmadeyournew will?Even if you have had the foresight to revise yourwill in the light of changing conditions, is this enough?Would thtproperty provided by that will produceenough income to take care of your family?The high level of living costs today means that youneed a larger-than-ever estate to "take over" for you.Fathers, loo, are worth more now !In most cases, life insurance produces more cashthan the property disposed of by will. So if this vitalpart of your estate is too smallto meet the 1953 livingcosts of your family — wouldn't it be wise to bring itup to date as quickly as possible? Get the help of a man who makes the financialsecurity of families and businesses his life work — a NewEngland Mutual agent. He can fit a. flexible plan to yourspecial needs — using policies whose rates have not increased, and which offer liberal dividends as well.Chicago Alumni who are ready to serveyou as our agents :Harry Benner, '12, ChicagoGeorge Marselos, '34, ChicagoPaul C. Lippold, '38, ChicagoJames M. Banghart, '41, San FranciscoJohn R. Down, '46, Chicagoa NEW ENGLAND fft MUTUAL Li/e Insurance Company of T&ostonTHE COMPANY THAT FOUNDED MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE IN AMERICA -1835cJ—ct £ talk, abaittUjoux, K^lticaaa 1/ 1/eJiawaaA <=uJ)Luuet /J^late^• THE PLATES — famous Plain Traditional pattern from the hands of Josiah Wedgwood, modern in its simple, open planes. A 10-inch plate with a campus scene and asimple, appropriate border design.• THE SCENES — 1. Rockefeller Memorial Chapel; 2. Mitchell Tower;3. Harper Memorial Library; 4. Hull Gate.• THE PRICE — for a set of 4 campus scenes: $12.00Of course, you may want more than one set.• USES — brunch — buffet — dinner partybridge refreshment interlude;midnight coffee and sandwiches;in decorative wall groupings;gifts: single, in pairs, in sets.1/ l/lti4 uait ^koulJL be ati ike vteretted iutrPHIS ANNOUNCEMENT has been made only to members. The next issue of Tower Topics willannounce it to the general alumni body. By then you will have been guaranteed the sets youordered. The remaining sets will be first come — while they last./ '¦ ¦¦. . '".,,'J-ke K^jd'ca K^JttTTLH- a^lt ttauTN PLAIN TRADITIONAL to match your dinner plates. The diameter is 5% inches. Bug-eyedGarg will startle your guests as he glares up from the tray: $1.25.SEND NO MONEY — but rush a card to: The Alumni Association, 5733 University, Chicago 37