•alanced Budget Necessary and Possible?. . . Paul H. Douglas Why We Don't Behave Like Human Beings. . . S. I. HayakawaSomeone was your Silent Partnerwhen you received your educationEducation has always cost more than students paid for it.In your case, as for all of us, the difference between tuition fees and the costof your education was paid for by someone else — your silent partner.Today, your University suggests that you be a silentpartner for others. Education costs even more than it did in your day. Toprovide it now for eager minds is a responsibility which can no longerbe left to the wealthy donor, who indeed is rapidly disappearing.Your contribution to the Alumni Foundation thisyear and each succeeding year helps provide for others the advantages ofa fine education at a great University — advantages which youenjoyed because others were generous and far-seeing in your day.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOALUMNI FOUNDATION5733 UNIVERSITY AVENUE, CHICAGO 37, ILLINOISilllemo f-^adClub meetings coming upAurora, III. Thursday, January 31. Program: Our famous student Acrotheatregroup in an evening performance. Localchairman: Robert E. Brown, '41, LLB '42,Merchants National Bank Building.Seattle. Wednesday, February 13. Guests:Chancellor Lawrence A. Kimpton andAlumni Secretary Howard W. Mort. ClubPresident, S. T. Kernoll, '43, MBA '47,7314 49th Avenue, NE, Seattle.Portland. Thursday, February 14. Guests:Chancellor Kimpton and Secretary Mort.Club President, Dexter Fairbank, '35, 2747SW Roswell Ave., Portland.San Francisco. Sunday, February 17 withChancellor Kimpton and Secretary Mort.Los Angeles. Monday or Tuesday, February 18 or 19. Messrs. Kimpton and Mort.Philadelphia. Wednesday, April 16.Guests: Chancellor Kimpton and SecretaryMort. Club President, Father Peter J.Paul, PhD '47, Villanova College, Arrangements by Club Treasurer, Harold S.Laden, '27, 620 W. Mt. Airy Ave.New York City. Thursday, April 17.Guests: Chancellor Kimpton and SecretaryMort. Local chairman, Robert H. Bethke,'37, Discount Corporation, 58 Pine Street.Washington, D. C. Thursday, April 24.Guests: Chancellor Kimpton and SecretaryMort. Club President, James R. Sharp, '32,JD '34, Suite 801, 1010 Vermont Ave., NW,Washington, D. C.With Kimpton in November"It's wonderful getting away from thetelephone long enough to do some work,"remarked the Chancellor, settling into acomfortable chair on the Zephyr to Minneapolis.At Minneapolis, Lloyd Johnson, '23, JD'25, delivered us to a pleasant room in theMinneapolis Athletic Club.Walter Angrist, '42, from the Tribuneeditoral staff, appeared with his educationreporter and a staff photographer."Although we have the greatest sciencefaculty in the country,' said Kimpton, "ourHumanities division has suffered badlythrough the war years. We must definitelystrengthen this division."At the alumni reception and dinner inthe Minneapolis Club, Henry Allen, AM'29, PhD '30, greeted Kimpton for the University of Minnesota; Frank Leslie (Princeton) for the Twin Cities; and Laurence M.Gould, president of Carleton College, forthe private schools.New Twin City officers were elected:Nathan C. Plimpton, '34, MD '37, President.Glen E. Millard, '19, (St. Paul) , V.P.Anne M. Macpherson, '44, SB '45, Secretary.W. H. Abbott, '26, JD '28, (St. Paul),Treasurer.The *nidnight Motor City Express returned us to the quadrangles for two officedays before taking the overnight train toSt. Louis.We joined the Holts for a breakfast ofSouthern Hickory-cured ham, eggs, andeverything, in their commodious home.(Judge Ivan Lee Holt, Jr., '35, JD '37, isour St. Louis president.)Following a late morning press conference and lunch with business alumni at adowntown club, we returned to JudgeHolt's home for a leisurely afternoon— time for the Chancellor again to clear his briefcase.The reception and dinner was at theSheraton. Kimpton is at his best in thequestion periods. He had said, "We havethe best college program in America andwe are continually working to improve it.""Is it being accepted by other colleges?""Our general education program is beingadopted by more and more schools. ShimerCollege is the only other school to datewhich accepts students at the high schooljunior level."At the Detroit dinner I discovered somenew-comers to the Motor City. John A.Greene, '14, and wife, whom I had lastseen in Cleveland where John was with theOhio Bell Telephone System, is now president of Michigan Bell. And Betty HawkHartwell, '40, and husband, John, whomoved from New York when he accepteda position with the Ford Motor Company.After dinner Kimpton said, "Chicago isthe most stimulating campus I have everbeen on. Everyone talks to everyone (acrossdepartmental lines) in the never endingsearch for truth. As Bob Hutchins says,'If you must be a chancellor, Chicago isa nice place to be one.' "To the older lawyers in our Milwaukeeclub he said, "In your day we had themost famous law faculty in the country:Daddy Mechem, Freund, Hinton, Hall,Bigelow and others. As you know, they allretired or died at once. Since then wehave added bright and promising youngmen— but few with national reputations."We are definitely committed to makingthis faculty even better. Our recent ap pointments should reassure you. We willsoon again have a law faculty second tonone."New Milwaukee club officers:Charles C. Erasmus, '28, JD '29, Pres.William C. Capper, '43, Sec.-Treas.Stagg drops inIn early December, the Grand Old Manpayed a brief visit to Bartlett Gymnasiumto chat with old friends. He replayed the1927 Ohio (13) -Chicago (7) game with halfback Kyle Anderson (left) and quarterbackJohn McDonough.This fall, after an undefeated season atSusquehanna (with son, Lonnie) , CoachStagg and Stella were guests of our Washington, D. C. Club. They came on to Chicagowhere Mr. Stagg was one of 100 outstandingMidwest citizens to be cited at a Northwestern University centennial program.After his visit to the quadrangles, he andhis wife continued on to their home inStockton, California.— H.W.M.PROVE ITThe following are from the Dictionary of Americanisms (U. of C. Press) .Guess the dates they first appeared inprint. If you have proof of an earlierdate, quote or clip the excerpt showing how it is used. Add title, author,date, page, or source.If you are first to prove an earlierdate, we will send your choice of anybook listed under Awards.Date the AmericanismCheck one of the three dates following each Americanism when you thinkit first appeared in print.1. Sucker list 1906-1926-19462. Press Agent 1894-1914-19243. Miss America 1902-1912-19224. Lipstick 1880-1900-19205. Funeral home 1906-1926-19366. Zipper 1915-1925-19357. Gum drop 1860-1880-19008. Crackerjack 1892-1902-19229. Banana split 1901-1921-193110. Speakeasy 1889-1909-1919II. One armed bandit ..1910-1920-194012. Dean 1882-1892-191213. Academic freedom ..1901-1911-193114. Faculty adviser 1902-1922-194215. Scram 1900-1910-193016. Dime a dozen 1890-1920-193017. Hook, line & sinker. . 1838-1858-187818. Cheer leader 1899-1909-191919. Nineteenth hole ....1911-1921-193120. Pep talk 1899-1919-1939Awards1. REVEILLE FOR RADICALS by SaulAlinsky. ¦2. LAY MY BURDEN DOWN by BenA. Botkin.3. WOBBLY by Ralph Chaplin. Answers to Americanisms1. 19462. 189419073. 19224. 18805. 19366. 19257. 18608. 190219039. 1931this.10. 188911. 1940189512. 189213. 190114. 194215. 193016. 193017. 1838193518. 190919. 192120. 1939 There were suckers in 1831.He was a publicity man inBeauty contest started in 1903.Used in theatre makeup.They had dead wagons in 1894.Bullets were zipping in 1881.Peppermint candy in 1843.Peanut brittle appeared inYou should win a book onBet this fooled you.You got soaked, as early asOriginally at Chicago.Loyalty oaths came later.From a Hiram College catalog.You were told to git in 1864.Now they are a dime apiece.They swallowed goldfish inFrom the Daily Maroon pages.And then came the golf widow.Surely there is an earlier date.Note: If you request it, and yourearlier proven date is the first to bereceived, you will also be given creditfor $3.00 on the purchase of theDictionary. Seven three-dollar credits(totaling $21) will be permitted anyone Magazine subscriber. This offerand all credits expire June 30, 1952.4. A HOUSE IN CHICAGO by OliviaH. Dunbar.5. MIDWEST AT NOON by GrahamHutton.6. AMERICAN DAUGHTER by EvaBell Thompson.JANUARY, 1952 1r\eader3 LuuldeTHE PHYSICAL SCIENCESSAMUEL K. ALLISON, Professor of Physics, and Director, Institute for NuclearStudies, makes these suggestions for theserious reading of intelligent laymen:THE ATOM AT WORK. By Jacob Sacks.Ronald Press, 1951.A recent and very readable book by analumnus of the University of Chicago,Dr. Sacks, '22, SM '24. It is well suitedfor the instruction of the intelligentlayman, concerned with the atomic energy program. Dr. Sacks has succeeded insimplifying the matter without misleading the reader, and I believe this in oneof the best non-mathematical treatmentsI have seen.BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS. 53 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago 4,III. Year's Subscription: $5.A subscription to the BULLETIN is agood investment for any one who wishesto keep informed on current problemsand comments thereon by leaders in thefield.AARON SAYVETZ, Associate Professor,Natural Sciences, and Chairman of Physical Sciences staff, (College) with thehelp of his colleagues, has the intelligentreader's pocketbook in mind as well ashis gray matter, when he submits these"short reviews, mostly for a man whohas 35 cents:"THE SIZE OF THE UNIVERSE. By F. J.Hargreaves. Pelican Books A193 (England).35A thoroughly competent account of thoseparts of astronomy which are related byinferred measures of distances. Hargreaves begins with the sun and its planets and works his way out to thefarthest stars, then to the nearest stargroups, then to our galaxy as a whole,and finally to the very depths of space.Hargreaves is at his best in recountingthe earliest steps, such as the many attempts to measure a stellar parallax, withits many failures and then its doublesuccess at the hands of Bessel and Henderson. The author is weakest in theextragalactic realm. He does not seem tobe aware that Hubble's assumptionswere daring and bold— and that theseassumptions are being questioned fromall sides today. The book is well illustrated in photogravure.LIFE ON OTHER WORLDS. By H. Spencer Jones. Mentor Books M39, .35A somewhat pedestrian, but thoroughlycompetent account of the solar systemby the British Astronomer Royal. Whatis there to say? Sir Harold has writtena technically sound account of the various views held about the planets rightup to his press-time, but he is not themaster of the well-turned phrase. THE BIRTH AND DEATH OF THESUN. By George Gamow. Pelican BooksP4 (A merican), .35A brightly written account which, aftersome introduction of the sun, beginswith the atom and ends with the birthof the universe. Just in case this is notsweeping enough, a short appendix hasbeen added on the atomic bomb. Surelythere will be topics here for everyone.The book is illustrated with 16 tipped-inpages of photographs as well as manygay drawings by the author copiouslyscattered through an equally gay text. Itis easy to criticize Gamow as a popular-izer of science, but it is difficult to writeas well as he does! For instance, the problem of the red giants may be rather oneof an energy transport mechanism ratherthan a new nuclear reaction; the Sunapparently does not shine from energyreleased by the carbon cycle, etc. However, most scientists would be in agreement with a substantial amount of whatGamow does say, and he does say it verywell.THE SEA AROUND US. By Rachel Carson. Oxford University Press, 1951.In this day and age progress within thevarious areas of scientific research is sorapid and the subject matter so vast thatit becomes increasing more difficult toremain generally informed about itsoverall status. Rachel L. Carson's book isadmirably suited to allow the non-specialist to fill such existing gaps becauseof its broad scope, well-balanced coverage, accurate information and clear presentation of so vast and complex a subject as the oceans.THE LIMITATIONS OF SCIENCE. ByJ. W. N. Sullivan. Mentor Books, M35 .35.It is undoubtedly exhilarating to read, inthe many popular books on science which are published nowadays, of the fabulousdiscoveries, the strange conceptions, theprecise knowledge of the interiors ofstars and nuclei; which are the stockin trade of those modern wizards, thephysical scientists. And there may resultthe belief that the methods of scienceare capable of solving any problemwhatever, or the belief that problemsinaccessible to scientific methods arenot worth solving. In The Limitations ofScience, a bold title, Sullivan, noted interpreter of science, deals historicallywith the rise of current physical theory,with theories of the origin and development of living forms, and with theoriesof the nature of mind, in an attemptto discover the relative adequacy ofscientific theorizing in physics, biology,and psychology. This is done with thefurther purpose of evaluating the appropriateness of scientific methods to theirmatter, and this involves the consideration of unsolved problems, of incompleteness in scientific knowledge (as opposed to more complete knowledge of theworld we live in) and of the possibledifferent interpretations of acceptedscientific theories. The whole is well-written and eminently readable.NEW HANDBOOK OF THE HEAVENS.By Bernhard, Bennett, and Rice. Mentor Books M52 .35.An inexpensive edition of a well-knownobserver's handbook. If you have a 3"or larger telescope, this book is a 'bestbuy." It ranges from a chapter on thecare and feeding of telescopes to manyselected lists of objects to observe, de-touring through many agreeable summaries of current astronomical conclusions. This book might well be deemedthe poor man's "Norton's."^Jsectturinci the^jsoundatiuonBelles LettresThe trouble with mass circulation magazines today, I have heard it said, is thatpublishers are more interested in masscirculation than in enriching their pageswith the publication of writings whichused to be identified by literateurs likePercy Holmes Boynton as belles lettres.My mailbag at the Alumni Foundation isfaced with no such dearth. Without exaggeration, I could put up a sign reading,"Here are opened the most beautful letters in the world."These letters are from alumni who areeager to participate in our annual Gift tothe University. One of my cherished belleslettres was addressed, "Dear U. of C." andfollowed with this passionate prose: "Ilove you, I love you— but can the checkI have enclosed justify this love? Momentarily, I am monetarily poor. My life wasenriched by U. of C, but my purse is stillempty. But if money isn't everything,please accept this contribution for itstoken value. With a promise to do betteras I grow more prosperous, I am (signed)A loyal and proud alumna."You've heard a passel of mother-in-law stories, but have you heard of a mother-in-law letter? Here's the one I receivedfrom Mason City, Iowa: "My mother-in-law never had the privilege of attendingthe University of Chicago, but wishedto make a gift, so I am including $5 forher in this $30 which is to be credited tomy wife and me."Many times the letters grow more beautiful with the years, such as this note whichread: "Fifty dollars is added to my usualgift on account of my 50th reunion thisyear." Or this one: "The date of this letter makes me a month late replying, forwhich I am sorry, but at 80 years life hascomplications and I know you will understand. I am enclosing a very small checkfor $12, that I wish were $1200 or more,but it is all I can afford." Its postscriptreally set up my day: "I entered the University the first day it opened and stayeda long time— never do I forget it."These letters are not confined to thefour walls of the United States. The following one came from Panama: "As alwaysI have been working hard for the establishment of a modern public library system in Panama, having in mind the principles of library service I so well learnedat the U. of C.'s G. L. S. The Panamanianpeople are backing our efforts and soon wewill be able to serve a little better thanbefore. I will always remember the University for what it did for me and for mycountry."Perhaps I am wrong. Perhaps these arenot belles lettres. In rereading them theyall appear to be love letters.— J .A.2 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMAGAZINEVolume 44 January, 1952 Number 4PUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONExecutive EditorHOWARD W. MORT EditorDON MORRIS Associate EditorAUDREY PROBSTNews EditorJEANNETTE LOWREY Staff PhotographerSTEPHEN LEWELLYNExecutive SecretaryAlumni FoundationJIM ATKINS Field SecretaryJIM RATCLIFFE DirectorAlumni EducationRICHARD CRUMLEYIN THIS ISSUEIs a Balanced Budget Necessary and Possible?Paul H. Douglas 7Inside Student Interests, Robert M. Strozier . 11SRA: A Publisher Is Helpful. 12What's Wrong With The Ivory Tower? Robert W. McEwen 14Ears For Seeing With . . . 16Finding New Recipes For Rocks 18Why We Don't Behave Like Human Beings,, S. I. Hayakawa 20DEPARTMENTSMemo Pad . . . . 1 Featuring The Foundation 2Reader's Guide 2 Books 4Class News 24COVER: Three popular symbols of the arrival of a newyear are an unclad baby, a bearded gent with a scythe,and a pendulum. Search of the quadrangles failed to turnup any nude babies, and none of the bearded gentry wefound had a scythe. The ancient Foucault pendulum, however, still inhabits its elongated niche in Ryerson. Fornearly sixty years the pendulum has been circling slowly,indicating the motion of the earth rather than the passage of time as such. Since the earth's turning has beenfairly well established, however, we hereby subvert M.Foucault's purpose, and, this time, present the pendulumto mark the start of 1952.(Cover and all photographs by Stephen Lewellyn except 12 (top)and 13, Fritz Laves, 16 (bottom) John Kasper; 16 (top) and17, Robert Ebert; 18; 26, Harris & Ewing; 28, U. S. Army; and30, George VolkPublished monthly, October through June, by The University of Chicago Alumni Association, 5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, Illinois. Annual subscription price, $3.00. Singlecopies, 35 cents. Student price at University of Chicago Bookstore, 25 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois under the act ofMarch 3, 1879. Advertising agent, The American' Alumni Council, B. A. Ross, director, 22Washington Square, New York, N. Y.GERARt) KUIPER, Professor of Astronomy, continues in an astronomical vein,and recommends these titles:ASTROPHYSICS. Edited by J. A. Hynek.McGraw-Hill, 1951.This book contains 14 chapters written byspecialists in their respective fields covering both stellar and planetary problems. Several of the chapters are uniquein the astronomical literature and willprove of great value to anyone wishingto be acquainted with the most recentdevelopments in astrophysics. The levelof the book is approximately that intended for a first year graduate student.HISTORY OF NATURE. By C. F. vonWeizacker. U. of C. Press, 1950. $3.This is a fine synthesis of physical scienceand ethical thought, written by a manwho is a serious student of both philosophy and natural science. The concluding chapters particularly, of this bookare valuable for the penetrating thoughtswhich the author gives on the tenderrelationships of humanity and nature.The book addresses itself to the educated general public.STANLEY HUGHART, Assistant Professor of Mathematics, (College) suggeststhese to tickle your mathematical fancy:THE MAIN STREAM OF MATHEMATICS. By Edna E. Kramer. Oxford U.Press, 1951. 'A book for the layman which discussesthe fundamental concepts of modernmathematics, their historical development, and their significance in the modern world. The reader will see the main 'features of the entire structure of mathematics—from primitive attempts atcounting to the modern notion of trans-finite numbers and from the geometryof the Egyptians to the modern non-Euclidean and multi-dimensional geometries and relativistic space.MATHEMATICAL SNAPSHOTS. By H.Steinhaus. Oxford U. Press,. 1951. $5.Mathematics visualized! Problems, tricksand numerous examples of physicalphenomena briefly discussed and madegraphic by means of 295 illustrations.This is the classic of its kind. Revisedand enlarged from an older edition longout of print.MATHEMATICS, QUEEN AND SERVANT OF SCIENCE. By E. T. Bell. McGraw-Hill, 1951. $5.The author, in his usual sparkling style,discusses a host of interesting mathematical topics in such a way to make clearthat mathematics is alive, growing, andindispensable to an understanding ofsome sciences and technologies, and fora deeper appreciation of the philosophyof science.WALTER H. NEWHOUSE, Professor andChairman of the Department of Geology,received* the cooperation of his fellowgeologists in the department in drawingup this list of books for your edificationand enjoyment:CRYSTAL GROWTH. By H. E. Buckley.John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1951.The first general book covering virtuallyall that is known on crystal growth.This is a relatively unknown field tomany but one that has ramifications inall of the fields of the physical and biological sciences. SYMPHONY OF THE EARTH. By J. H.F. Umbgrove. Published in the Netherlands by the Hague: Martinus Nijhoff,1950.This book is a collection of lectures whichtouch on the current geological problemsof earth movements, roots of mountains,volcanoes, origin of life, eustatic changesof sea level, and a discussion of theclassic Swiss alpine nappes problem. Thevarious subjects are discussed in thelight of present day data by an authorwho is known for his ability to synthesizedate and ideas to get at the over-allproblem. Those familiar with Umb- grove's book, The Pulse of the Earth,are aware of the thought provoking andstimulating manner with which he attacks geologic problems.PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY. By JamesGilluly, A. C. Waters, A. O. Woodford.W. H. Freeman 6- Co. 1959.This book summarizes some of the knowledge that geologists have won fromthe earth and emphasizes the kinds ofevidence upon which such knowledge isbased. Although written as a textbook,it will prove of interest to the generalreader.JANUARY, 1952 3(/-Joofcdby Faculty and AlumniTHE PORTABLE HENRY JAMES (No.55), edited by Morton Dauwen Zabel.New York: Viking Press, 1951. Pp. 696.$2.50.Since its publication in 1947, Mr. Zabel'sCONRAD has been one of the most valuable of the Viking "Portables." THEPORTABLE HENRY JAMES, his secondcontribution to the series, is of the samehigh quality.Ideally, and in its primary function,the "Portable" affords a guide by whichnew readers may find their way with easeinto an important literary domain. Theguide which Mr. Zabel offers is a well-considered one, and contains a varietyof materials.There is a sampling of James' fiction-five short stories and three nouvelles.The titles were chosen, as Mr. Zabel explains in a note, to indicate the "range"of James' work— of manner from early tolater years, as well as of themes. Some ofthe titles have been recently, and popularly, reprinted elsewhere, but the listdoes not incline to the conspicuous. Thisis not the sensational James. The chosenreadings illustrate his work, not his reputation.There is a generous selection (nearly 100pages) of James' criticism. Few authors,if any, have studied their craft so assiduously as James, or recorded their findingsso meticulously. Mr. Zabel's selectionsrepresent the criticism in various aspects,in pieces dated from 1884 to 1915.Three somewhat briefer sections aredevoted to "Portraits of Places," "Passagesof Autobiography and a Journal," and"Letters." The last of these includesJames' letter of July 28, 1883, to hisfriend Grace Norton. It is an extraordinary letter: a compact, intense expressionof sympathy, remarkable for the integrity and discipline of its philosophy.Rarely does guarded civility disclose sodeep a warmth.Each of the groups of selections isheaded by an editor's note which includes reasons for the choice, brief bibliographical accounts of the items themselves, and occasionally some critical comment on the pertinent area of James'literary activity. The book also containsa chronology of James' life and selectivebibliographies of his work and of criticaland biographical studies of him, togetherwith advice on their use.The introduction to the volume as awhole will attract the more thoroughlyseasoned Jamesians, for students havelearned to expect from Mr. Zabel a balanced fusion of precise, copious scholarship with critical wisdom arixl lucidity.The essay appraises the degree^ of James'success in two great undertakings: "Onewas the problem of defining the point atwhich America had arrived in her venture of nationhood and of determiningher relation to the rival civilization ofEurope. . . . The other was the re-creation of the art of fiction as a form ofcritical intelligence. . . ." (p. 11.)In his appraisal, Mr. Zabel effects asketch of James which is convincing, andwith which the now fading notions of James as a mere genteel technician arequite irreconcilable.THE PORTABLE HENRY JAMES isan accomplishment which perhaps thepublishers who named the Viking seriesdid not anticipate. They seem to havehad in mind the problem of how to carrya bit of James in one's jacket pocket. Mr.Zabel has met a subtler problem, for heshows the way to comprehension of aprofound and voluminous body of work.Henry W. SamsAssociate Professor and Chairman, English Staff, The College.PUBLIC AND REPUBLIC. By Alfred DeGrazia. New York: Alfred A. Knopf,1951. Pp. 262.Professor De Grazia ('39, PhD '48) presents us with a history of the idea ofrepresentation in American politicalthought and practice. He brings with abrief analytical chapter in which theconcept is defined and the problems ofrepresentation are presented in terms ofhigh theoretical and practical significance. He traces American ideas of representation and representative government back to English ideas in colonialtimes, their adaption to the Americanenvironment, their employment in theconflict between the believers in classrule and direct democracy from the timeof the Revolution, down through the Jef-fersonian period to the apparent triumph of direct democracy under theJacksonian banner.The author then analyzes the ideas andinstitutional forms in our political system that depart from the simple theoryof majority rule postulated by the directdemocrats.Throughout the book, De Grazia graspsfirmly the nettle of the central dilemmaof political representation, namely, theproblem of how to achieve the public interest out of the pressures of partial orspecial interests seeking representationfor limited group or class ends. In hisfinal chapter, he weaves together thestrands of American political theory andpractice, and allows us to visualize a synthesis of the partial and the generalgood.The author exposes very clearly theunderlying dualism in the Americanpolitical system of a powerful executive,elected by the whole people, symbolizing the interests of the commonwealthas a whole, responsible for the effectiveand enlightened administration, yetchecked at almost every conceivablepoint by effective restraints from groupsand sectional interests operating throughCongress and autonomous administrativeor judicial agencies.He shows how political reformers,whom he calls "enlightened individualists," have helped to strengthen thepower of the Executive in the nameof public interest, planning, and efficiency. At the same time, by the operation of a sort of free political enterprise principle, other reforms havebrought proportional representation intomunicipal politics and administrativerepresentation into national and state administration in the form of independentpublic and private corporations, quasi-judicial tribunals, autonomous professional associations and interest groups.Even the party system is revealed asa decentralized structure reflecting thecontinuing struggle for recognition andinfluence between sectional, economic, rural-urban, ethnic, and moral-upliftgroups, some of whom resist, others seekto enhance, the forces making for centralization and nationalization in ourpolitical development.The reader of this book will be rewarded by a better understanding ofthe contradictions and ambiguities implicit in the complex structure of American representative government. Heshould acquire, if he is interested inanalysis rather than in finding scapegoats, a framework for assessing the consequences of alternatives for furtherreform in our political system.Most important of all, he shouldcome to appreciate that in a democracythe general welfare or the public interestis not something given in advance bydefinition, but a process, through pressure, persuasion, and compromise,whereby differing individuals and groupsarrive at a common understanding ofwhat it is that they are trying to discover.Avery LeisersonAssistant Professor,Political Science.THE POLITICAL WRITINGS OF HAROLD D. LASSWELL. By Harold D. Lasswell, '22, PhD, '26. Glencoe, III.: TheFree Press, 1951. Pp. 525.This package contains, in addition to Dr.Lasswell's classic Psychopathology andPolitics (1930) and his Politics: WhoGets What, When, How (1936) , a briefnew treatise, Democratic Character inwhich the author outlines a casual relationship between the health of individualpersonalities and their congruence withthe ideals of democracy."Failure to develop democratic character is a function of interpersonal relationships in which low estimates of theself are permitted to develop," Dr. Lasswell declares. The outstanding characteristic of the true democratic character,then,*is "the maintenance of an open asagainst a closed ego.""Let us speak of the democratic character as multi-valued, rather than single-valued, and as disposed to share ratnerthan to hoard or monopolize. In particular, little significance is attached tothe exercise of power as a scope value."And, "a deep confidence in the benevolent possibilities of man" is essential.Since, the author says, the ideal notionof democratic character requires that"the self system shall have at its disposal the energies of the unconsciouspart of the personality," the job istremendous. It is "nothing less than thedrastic and continuous reconstruction ofour own civilization and most of the cultures of which we have any knowledge," . . . consolidating the fulfilmentof democratic conduct "by directing theindulgences toward those who act democratically and the deprivations towardthose who do not."To this end, Dr. Lasswell proposes acontinuous inventory of the changingways in which the citizenry react towardone another. Like the various economicphenomena which occur in relation tochanges in the cost of living index,such an inventory could help to guide national policies toward promoting demo-cratic-ness among its people.Dr. Lasswell's prose in the new workis as stimulating and highly burnished asin the older sections. Unfortunately the4 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEbook -.could stand more editing. One fiftypage section contains half a dozen typographical errors. Nevertheless, in partbecause of the scarcity of copies of thePsychopathology, the student of politicsshould welcome the presentation of thethree Lasswell structures under oneroof.-D.M.Briefly NotedSome of the experiences and insights whichEdwin S. Munger, '47, PhD '51, gainedduring his nine-month stay in Africa, asa Fulbright scholar, are familiar toalumni readers via two articles by Mr.Munger (April, '51 and November, '51issues of the Magazine.) The full accountof his intellectual safari into East Africais now available in a striking paper-bound monograph, RELATIONAL PATTERNS OF KAMPALA, UGANDA (U.of C. Press) . As the title suggests, theaim of the study is "an understandingof the town of Kampala through examinations of its functions and its relationships with the world outside its urbanarea.GOETHE AND THE MODERN AGE.The International Convocation at Aspen,Colo., 1949. Edited by Arnold Berg-straesser, Chicago: Henry Regnery Co.,1950.This volume contains the lectures given inAspen, Colo., at the Goethe BicentennialCelebration in 1949. The conviction thatGoethe's world presents a very real challenge to the best of our own efforts formsthe common element of these essays. Hisimportance is shown to lie not only inthe unrivaled universality of his mindand in breadth of his various interestsand endeavors, but even more so in hisunique success in creating a consistentwhole, "where beauty is intellectual andrhyme and reason join."Taken as a whole, the volume is animpressive document of sincerity in thesearch for relevant answers to the pressing problems of our time. It also convincingly shows the great importance ofGoethe the man, his poetry, and histhought in the present crisis of ourcivilization.O. /. M. JollesAssociate Professor of German.DANCING TAILS and Other Fishy Jinglesby Edward W. Allen, '05; illustrationsby Dorman H. Smith. Mitchell Publications, Inc., Seattle. Pp. 95. $2.95.Some basic rules you now should scanTo tell a real fish from a manMen have a skin the same as whales,While fishes have their sets of scalesPerhaps they haven't any chins,But look at man— he has no fins.* * *Now if some more you wish to learnJust turn the page— and turn and turn.Thus Edward Allen launches into aclever "tail" of the various fishes of seaand stream for youngsters and adults.Every other page is humorously illustrated opposite every other page of humorous (but factual) verse.Allen is chairman of the InternationalFisheries Commission (between Canada'and the U. S.) He's been on this commission for years and has come to knowfish from fin to tail.When he's not having fun with fishhe is practicing law (international) inSeattle. T&F(#L^iFOR A SOUTHERN VACATIONBrooks Brothers' white dinner jacket,made on our own distinctive patternsWe have an outstanding selection of sportand dress clothes for Southern wear that areindividual and in good taste. None is moredistinctive than our cool, comfortable whitedinner jacket of Celanese* rayon... madeexclusively for us on our own single ordouble-breasted patterns. $30'Reg. U. S. Pat. Off.ESTABLISHED 1818lien's furnishings, gats ^$hoe*346 MADISON AVENUE, COR. 44TH ST., NEW YORK 17, N. Y.74 E. MADISON ST., NEAR MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 2, ILL.BOSTON • LOS ANGELES • SAN FRANCISCOJANUARY, 1952BARTLETT GYM IN THE SNOW SYMBOLIZES WINTER SPORTSTrXck FencingJan. 12 Loyola Jan. 19 * Northwestern19 Iowa State Feb. 2 'Ohio State29 Wfaeaton 16 *IowaFeb. 2 Morton Jr. & Wilson Jr. 29 Michigan State9 Wayne & Monmouth Mar, 1 Notre Dame16 Loyola & Bradley 8 'Wisconsin23 Western Michigan 15 Iowa and NorthwesternMar. 1 Midwest Relays, No. Central, Naperville7 Central A.A.U. 28 129 f 'National Collegiate8 Chicago Invitational-Midwest Conf.15 Wright Jr. WrestlingBasketball Jan.Jan. 12 Illinois Tech.26 'WheatonJan. 5 'North Central11 Illinois-Professional-Schs. Feb. 2 'Augustana, Illinois-Navy Pier &Illinois Teachers16 Chicago Teachers 8 Wisconsin-Milwaukee Branch28 North Central 15 Marquette16 Illinois NormalFeb. 6 Illinois-Navy Pier9 *Knox 23 'Wheaton Tournament16 *Coe Mar. 11g I *8im-Time» C.A.A.U. Tournament18 'Illinois-Navy Pier20 'Illinois Tech23 Knox SwimmingMar. 1 *Concordia Jan. 12 WashingtonGymnastics 18 De PaulFeb. 9 *Illinois-Navy Pier15 Indiana Feb. 26 'Detroit2 Bradley22 'NorthwesternMar. 1 Iowa and Illinois-Navy Pierf 2 } 'National Collegiate • 15 St. Louis28 Chicago Intercollegiate—] 50(1 M.29 Chicago Intercollegiate — PrelimsMar, 1 Chieago Intercollegiate — Finals'Contests away. Western6Is aBalanced BudgetNecessary andPossible ?The answer to the first question is:Yes, or we commit economic suicide;to the second: Yes, but politicianswho try may commit political suicideBy Paul H. DouglasSenior U. S. Senator from Illinois V 1 f* ¦-I i¦. J yiB> ^^^^^^^^^""""^ __ DOUGLAS SHOWS HOW BIDDING INFLATES WATER PRICESIN THE preceding lectures I haveshown that we could make economies of approximately $1.4 billion inthe civilian budget and an estimated$3 billion in the military budget without diminishing the efficiency of theservices or the effectiveness of ourmilitary defenses.We can only do all this, however,if the public, Congress, the civil administrators, the military leaders, andthe nation as a whole become determined to eliminate waste. But thereare obvious difficulties.In the first place, the public interest in economy is diffused. Any oneappropriation means little to an individual taxpayer. Take for instancethe subsidy on silver, which amountsto $30 million a year. That on theaverage is a little less than 20c perperson, or about 90c for the averagefamily. It is, therefore, not a matterof particular interest to the averagefamily. This is true of almost everyexpenditure.On the other hand, those whobenefit from a given piece of wasteor from a subsidy, or from an unnecessary public works project have aconcentrated and powerful interest.Generally, in the struggle between the concentrated private interest and thediffused general interest, it is theformer which wins.Secondly, large sections of the public are themselves receiving unjustifiable benefits and subsidies, and, therefore, cannot logically oppose the extension of these subsidies to others.The South, which is opposed toa strong national government, nevertheless is, I suppose, the section ofthe country which above all others demands federal aid, for roads, forrivers and harbors, for price protection on tobacco, cotton and peanuts,and for education.The West wants irrigation projects,subsidies on silver, wool tariffs, sugarsubsidies, etc. The big air line interests want liberal subsidies, either openor covert. Ship builders and ship operators want subsidies.Each group of federal employeeshas friends outside the governmentwho try to protect the jobs in a particular bureau inside the government.Then, of course, the whole range ofcontractors, suppliers, manufacturers,etc., attach themselves in support ofthe military.The result is that these individualgroups, in order to get their ends and to protect their particular interests, tacitly combine with othergroups and forswear their chance towork for general economy. If theytry to cut the appropriations of others,but insist on holding on to their ownparticular interest, they immediatelyand properly expose themselves to thecharge of hypocrisy, and their effortsdo not have much appeal.Fair budget cuts are very hard forthe public to accept and very hardfor elected representatives to achieve.There are many students of publicadministration who place great reliance upon the Bureau of the Budgetto protect the public. The Bureau ofthe Budget is a very worthy organization, but it is explicitly a representative of the executive branch. It is appointed by and owes its maintenanceto the executive. It consists of civilservants who have a fellow feelingfor other civil servants and who donot wish to trespass too closely upontheir provinces.We have had some experience inCongress with the Bureau of theBudget. It was not helpful in our efforts to reduce the swollen governmental staffs, and it tried to delay forJANUARY, 1952 7months the efforts to reduce the excessive vacation allowances.My own conclusion is that if we areto trim this waste out of the budget,the cuts will primarily have to comefrom the people, and from the legislative branch.Thus we need a citizens' committeeto try to eliminate waste from thefederal government. We have made abeginning in this direction in thecitizens' committee to support theHoover proposals. But the Hooverproposals do not primarily addressthemselves to the substantive problems of economy, but merely to organization charts and the distributionof functions between governmentbureaus. The Hoover proposals wouldlead to a more coherent organizationof our government, but certainly theywould not in themselves insure greater economy. As a matter of fact, oneof the Hoover proposals which wehave adopted — the creation of aGeneral Services Administration to domost of the civilian purchasing andto handle many of the housekeepingfunctions of the government — was tobe a very important reform whichwould save a great deal of money.Apparently however, we are spendingmore millions of dollars for the per-,formance of these functions since theGeneral Services Administration hasbeen set up than we had been before.We also need a better-informedCongress with much larger staffs forthe appropriation committees.We have a very important publicagent in the Comptroller General ofthe United States. He is responsibleto Congress, not to the executive, andin the person of the present Comptroller General, Mr. Lindsay Warren, wehave one of the great public servants ofall time. The Comptroller General andhis staff have in the past centeredtheir work upon a post audit of expenditures. They have found a greatdeal of fraud and have recovered $750million for the government on expenditures which were illegally andimproperly made.The Comptroller General could bemade the legislative equivalent of theDirector of the Budget, with the taskof conducting preliminary hearingson the appropriations bill before theycome to the committees.It's still moneyIt may be objected that all this isminor, that while we could save $4.5 billion with determined work on thepart of every one, this is a very smallfigure in the face of total yearly expenditures of $73 to $75 billion.My reply is that it is at least $4.5billion, and that is still a very largesum of money.But it is true that the hope for astill larger reduction in expendituresdepends upon the future policy ofSoviet Russia. The greatly increasedexpenditures because of rearmamenthave sent our direct military costs upfrom $14 billion to at least $42 billion a year.If one believes there is little or nodanger, or if one is a non-resistant,then it would be understandable toregard these costs as excessive.But if one believes, as I do, thatthere is a real and terrible danger,and that it is better to resist aggressionthan to let it run over a country — ifone believes that in the past freecountries have invited aggression bynot building up a sufficient militaryforce — then it follows that we shouldarm ourselves and as many of ourallies as are willing to help in thestruggle. This, to my mind, is thebest means for deterring Russia andthe Russian satellites from attacking.If they do attack, we would be in afar better position to defend ourselves and others. This is my judgment, and I believe that it is thatof the vast majority of the Americanpeople.No disarmament yetSo the future of these enormousexpenditures largely depends uponwhat Soviet Russia will do. If Russiawill give clear, convincing and definite proofs of peaceful purposes, wecould reduce our armament expenditures, but any Russian action wouldhave to meet the following tests.The withdrawal of Russian troopsfrom Poland and from all the satellitecountries, the abolition of the ironcurtain with a free movement ofpeople and information in and out ofRussia, a willingness to agree to athoroughgoing system of atomic control which will involve inspection andthe renunciation of the veto, thebuilding up of a strong United Nations, and the stopping of aggressionin Asia and elsewhere in the world —all these should be prerequisite beforewe can trust Soviet Russia.These should be evidenced notmerely in pledges, but in acts over a long period of time. During thatperiod, it would certainly be unwisefor the United States and the othernations to disarm. In short, I feelthat we must use the weapons of theflesh in order to defend the freedomof the spirit. So much for the prospects for economy.Billions in the redI should not stop here, however,after merely giving a picture of theexpenditures side of the federal budget. I should also take up the revenue side, and try to balance thelatter against the former.I made some independent estimateswhich, interestingly enough, checkedvery closely with the estimates of theJoint Committee on Internal RevenueTaxation, and we both came to almost the same figure of a probable$61 billion in revenue for the taxrates which prevailed up to the passage of the 1951 tax bill.The Joint Committee estimatesthat the new bill will yield $2.7 billion additional in the current fiscalyear and just under $5.7 billion forthe fiscal year 1952-53. If their estimates are correct, this would give ussomething under $64 billion of revenue for the current year, as compared with expenditures of from $73to $75 billions, or a deficit of from$9 to $11 billion.For the fiscal year 1952-1953, thereceipts under the new tax bill wouldbe approximately $67 billion. But Ibelieve the expenditures, because theunspent appropriations for militarypurposes will then begin to be expended, will run well over $80 billion.So we face a deficit of from $9 to$11 billion this fiscal year. And, evenassuming an increase in tax receiptsas a result of a spending rate inexcess of $80 billion, the deficit forthe coming fiscal year will be atleast $15 billion. This is the deficitin the so-called administrative budget. If we take the social security accounts into consideration, we will collect probably about $2 billion morefor these purposes than will be expended in current benefits. So thenet cash deficit will range, at aminimum, from $7 to $9 billionsduring the current year and probablymore than $13 billion for the year1952-1953.What are likely to be the consequences of such a big deficit? The8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEgovernment will be forced to borrow.It will try to get individuals andcorporations to save a portion of theirincome and to invest it in government bonds. To the degree that thisis done, and that we have savings outof income, whether by individuals orby corporations, we will not have inflation, because there will be no additional monetary purchasing powerwhich will be used to bid up priceson the available goods. The demandsfor certain goods, such as durable consumer goods, would decline as demand for tanks and guns and airplanes increased.But, if we do not get enough savings from individuals and corporationsto meet the demands of the deficit,the government will be forced to goto the banks and borrow. In myjudgment, savings will not meet thefull amount.The banks will buy the bonds bycreating check book money. Theamount of check book money willincrease, and the ratio of credit togoods will rise.The vicious circleIf you wish, I can give a very simple graphic demonstration. If wehave $10 on one side, and on theother a unit of goods, the price ofthe unit of goods is obviously $10.But if we add another dollar so thatthe total supply of money becomes$11, and the $11 are now offered forthe single unit of goods, and thegoods are sold for the $11, then obviously the price of the goods hasrisen to $ 1 1 . That in very simple termsis the quantity theory of money. Aswe add dollars, without a commensurate increase in goods, the pricelevel continues to rise.What will inflation mean in practical life? It will mean a decreasein the real incomes of all those whoare receiving fixed amounts of money.Pensioners, annuitants and those receiving interest in fixed amounts willhave their purchasing power reduced.In such periods of inflation salariesnever rise as rapidly as do prices.School teachers, college professors,clerks, sales folk, accountants, stenographers and professional people working for salaries will all suffer.Although wages now adjust themselves more rapidly than formerlyduring periods of rising prices, dueto the greater degree of organizationamong the ranks of labor, there will be suffering in the unorganized groupsof workers. There will also be unrestin the organized trades as the unionstry to increase wages to keep pacewith the cost of living and even toanticipate future increases in the costof living. I am afraid this will lead toindustrial strife and to interruptionsof much-needed production.Inflation will also cause governmental expenditures to rise more rapidly than revenues. Revenues aremore flexible than they were beforethe Ruml pay-as-you-go plan wasadopted, but they are still not asflexible as are costs, so the money deficit of the government will increase.Therefore, the government will beforced to continue to go to the banksfor more loans. This will further increase the amount of credit, whichwill cause prices to rise still more.Moreover, if people ever came to feelthat the value of the dollar was going to fall rapidly, they would try toput their wealth into tangible goods,houses, real estate and other commodities whose value will rise with theprice level. A lot of money wouldcome out of hiding, and the prices ofgoods would be bid up still further.The only class to gain from all thiswould be the speculators, the leastdesirable group in the economy. Forthey are the smart fellows who try toget ahead without working.In short, it would be a great catastrophe to have inflation. Thereis, therefore, an urgent need to balance the budget, particularly duringthis period of full employment. Tocut waste and then try to raise thenecessary revenue to meet the budgetis, I think, the sure-fire prescription,in the short run, for individual political failure. But it is also the financialmethod which is needed to preventruinous inflation.Escaping taxesLet me turn, therefore, to a discussion of some of the ways in whichwe might have increased revenue thisyear and in which we still may increase revenue in the year ahead.This year we will collect, as Ihave said, approximately $63 to $64billion in revenue. About $29 billion will come from the incometax on individuals. Slightly over $24billion will come from the tax oncorporations. Only about 9.5 billionwill come from excise taxes.I want to say very frankly that in my judgement we probably cannotget a great deal more revenue fromhigher individual income tax rates.But there are still large loopholes inthe tax system.Probably the worst of the tax loopholes is the so-called percentage depletion allowance applicable to theoil, gas, and mining industries. Theseallowances will probably cost theTreasury at least $750 million thisyear. The percentage depletion allowance permits an oil or gas company tocharge off as tax-free income eachyear 27/2 per cent of its gross revenues for that year, up to a maximumof 50 per cent of its net income.Privileged industriesThis is over and above the deductions allowed these companies fortheir "intangible drilling" and development costs, including the drilling of "dry holes," and it is alsoover and above the normal depreciation allowances on physical assets,such as oil derricks and pumpingequipment. Roughly 90 per cent ofan oil man's capital outlay is in thesecosts, which are immediately deducted, tax-free, leaving only 10 percent of his capital outlay to be covered by the depletion allowance.I want to emphasize, too, that thesedepletion allowances continue to betaken as long as the well continues toproduce oil, and do not stop afterthe oil man has recovered his cashoutlay. For example, in 1947, thelargest companies receiving this benefit took depletion allowances equal to13 times what ordinary companies areallowed for regular depreciation; ineffect, they were allowed to "writeoff" their properties 13 times. Andmost of these depletion allowances goto large concerns which are engagedprimarily in manufacturing ratherthan exclusively in oil or mining.These special depletion allowancesresult in very great reductions in thetaxes paid. Senator Humphrey citedfrom Treasury records one man whoin five years had a net income of $14.3million, who was granted tax-free income on developmental costs alone of$13 million, and who paid taxes ofonly $80,000, or six-tenths of oneper cent, on his income.Almost every state either has struckoil or expects to strike oil. In a goodmany of the others, such as those ofNew England, where they haven'tyet struck oil and probably will not,JANUARY, 1952 9STUDENTS QUIZ A FAVORITE SENATORon those rock bound coasts, the people have invested in southwestern oil.Not only has this depletion allowance been continued for oil andgas, but over the years it has beenextended to other minerals. Sulfurcontinues to enjoy the second highestdepletion allowance — 23 per cent —although the production of sulfur inthis country lies in the hands of onlythree companies. The percentage depletion allowance for coal has beendoubled, from 5 per cent to 10 percent, even though we have enoughknown reserves to last 2,000 years.The most recondite and esoteric typesof minerals that you can imagine get5, 10, or 15 per cent depletion allowances.Instead of reducing the special favors to the oil and gas industries,we have extended them to virtually allnatural resources. I am afraid thatthese allowances are going to. be almost impossible to reduce. Yet, wecould save hundreds of millions ofdollars a year by just making theseinterests pay the taxes which otherpeople pay on equivalent amounts ofincome.Another tax loophole which wasopened by the 1951 tax bill is thatdealing with family partnerships. During the war, the number of partnerships almost trebled, and a greatnumber of these were family partnerships.There was a very able accountantwho was making quite a lot of moneyand apparently paying high surtaxes,who decided that on the day of hisinfant son's birth the infant shouldbe taken into the business as a full-fleged partner. Thus the income wasdivided between the infant son andthe father, and therefore the totalamount of surtax which they had topay was reduced.Now I am certain that CPA'swould say that the profession of accountancy is too difficult for a one-day-old child to master, and that,therefore, the day-old child could nothave contributed very much to theactual conduct of the accountingbusiness. The capital which he received was by donation from hisfather. The effective control over theearnings of the partnership was stillin the hands of the father.Of course there are bona fidefamily partnerships, but in others themembers of the family contribute noservices and have no control over theearnings. Yet, the family partnershiphas now been legitimatized, whichwill cause an estimated loss of incomeof $100 million a year.The 1951 tax bill also failed to include a reform which would havenetted the Treasury an additionalone-third of a billion dollars a yearwithout raising a single tax rate:namely a withholding system for dividends and corporate bond interest.Persons who receive wages and salaries have their basic tax withheldfrom their paychecks at the sourceand paid directly to the Treasury.This makes it certain that the collections are made, and it makes payment easier. But there is not a similarwithholding tax upon interest or dividends, although the withholding principle was first applied to dividendsand interest payments when our income tax was instituted in 1914.It is interesting that the totalamount of corporate dividends and ofinterest payments paid out each yearexceeds by more than $3 billion theamount of corporate dividends and interest payments reported by individualtaxpayers when they file their incometax returns. A good deal of this failureto report is accidental. But some of it,I am afraid, is not. We also have in this country aprovision that .the tax on so-calledlong-term capital gains shall not exceed what amounts to a rate of 25per cent. To qualify profits from thesale of assets so that such incomecan be taxed at the preferential capital-gains rates, it is only necessarythat the assets be held for a periodof six months.These preferential tax rates bringabout a common tendency for gainswhich are really income, and whichrecur regularly in the course of aman's ordinary business, to be treatedas capital gains. Some of us wantedto increase the qualifying period toa year. That, it seems to me, shouldbe a minimum. We also wanted toraise the capital gains tax rate by thesame ratio as the income tax rateswere being increased. That wouldhave raised $87 million more, but itwas defeated. Instead, the capitalgains treatment was broadened sothat income from the raising of livestock could enjoy these preferentialrates.This article by the University's distinguished professor-turned-statesmanis a condensed version of one of aseries of Mandel Hall lectures by Senator Douglas last November, under theauspices of the Charles R. WalgreenFoundation. The whole series is scheduled for publication in book form thisspring by the University of ChicagoPress.Then the increase in the corporation tax, instead of being made effective on the first of January, 1951, wasput into effect merely as of the firstof April. Although corporations hadhad adequate notice, and indeed hadset aside reserves for these highertaxes on the assumption that theywould be made effective as of January 1, Congress, by using April 1 asthe effective date, lost $500 million.There are many other loopholes.Certainly we should not have favoredclasses who get out of paying their fullshare of taxes and thereby throw theburden on others.We are confronted by a worldemergency. Unless we raise morerevenue, the government will beforced to borrow large sums of money,thus inviting inflation. It would workfar less hardship on the economy tomeet the costs of preparedness honestly through taxes, than to dodge theissue and • meet the costs dishonestly,through inflation.\0 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEInsideStudentInterestsTrustees today are betterinformed than ever aboutwhat students are up toBy Robert M. StrozierDean of StudentsIT WAS PROBABLY an impulsesimilar to that which impelled thedirectors of General Foods to institute a program of traveling the lengthand breadth of America to meet withthe company's stockholders which ledto the establishment of the committeeof the University's Board of Trusteesto promote closer liaison with thestudents on the Midway. In the lattercase the objective was not related togreater and improved production ofWheaties, but it has had more important results for the University.The existence of a group of trustees— most of them alumni, whose classesspan 17 years of campus history — whoare informed at first hand about student needs, opinions, and reactionsalready has resulted in tangible benefits for the students, such as the recent refurbishing of the ReynoldsClub. And it has enhanced the capacity of the Board to act wisely whennecessary in matters affecting students, and in any case to achievefuller understanding of the University's "local climate." The comparison of students with stockholders hassome limitations, but it is not entirely improper.Ernest Quantrell, '05, who, withhis wife and her sister, is responsiblefor the redecoration of the ReynoldsClub lounges, comes out from NewYork for meetings of the Committeeon Student Interests, several times ayear. Bert Sherer, '05, chairman sincethe Committee was originally appointed by Laird Bell in 1949, hasprovided imaginative leadership forthe Committee.Henry Tenney, '13, JD '15, FowlerMcConnell, '16, Howard Goodman,'21, and Charles Axelson '06, haveall continuously served on it. GeorgeRanney, a Yale man, but an alumnus ROGER SEVERSON CHATS WITH TRUSTEES MCCONNELL (LEFT) AND AXELSONWhen the Maroon incident occurredthis year, the members could discussthe incident and interpret the actionby marriage, was added to the Committee last spring. Since it is generallyrecognized that membership in theBoard of Trustees is equivalent tosomething between a one-third and afull-time job, active service on such aCommittee represents willingness forreal service.In their first six months, the Committees members intensively studiedon the campus. They dined andtalked informally with students andhead residents. The student healthand athletic programs, counselingand religious activities — all werevisited, examined, and evaluated. Atthe end of the first year, a reassuringreport was given to the Board by BertSherer, who thereupon requested thatthe Committee be discharged. Therequest was denied by Laird Bell who,with his usual acuity, saw that theCommittee was now fully oriented forthe real tasks before it. felt necessary by the Dean of Studentsbut misunderstood in its larger aspectsby many of the uninitiated.When the request for relaxing therules regarding pledging by the fraternities came last spring, the Committee was able to evaluate it andrecommend specific Board action.These two examples are symbolicof the real contribution which thisCommittee is making. The insideknowledge of the University thesemen have acquired through study,conversation and personal examination, would be helpful to all Boardmembers as well as alumni. Since ofcourse this cannot be, the responsibility of the Committee members asinterpreters and planners becomesmore and more important.RANNEY (LEFT), TENNEY & GOODMAN TALK WITH MARGIE FINA, MARLIN SMITHJANUARY, 1952 11SRA: A Publisher' Is HelpfulIn 14 years, Science Research Associateshave turned out a million pounds of helpjacket: sra's "emotional PROBLEMS OF CROWING up"WHEN THE JUNIOR Inventory, an 85/s by 11*4 -inchbuff-and-maroon booklet which is thenewest product of an unusual publishing establishment known as Science Research Associates, appearedlast month, the total list of SRAitems (many of the publications havethree or more parts) was increasedto more than 500, of which nearly allwould be acceptable to a person especially dedicated to the third Scoutlaw, "A Scout is Helpful."The Inventory is the result of astudy of 6,000 school children — ofwhat things worry them, what things merely .bother them, and what thingstake their minds off their work.SRA's tacit assumption is that if achild lists his troubles instead ofbrooding over them, the troubles canbe vanquished, with a little appropriate help from parents, teachers,and other authorities.According to the Inventory, children worry about an anomalous assortment of things, such as atomwarfare, siblings, kitten-bearing cats,nightmares, snowballs, turnips, parents, and unfulfilled wishes. Some ofthese things, it may be noted, alsoworry adults. One especially expressive — not tosay especially beleaguered — fourthgrader wrote in her test inventory."I cannot get along with my brother,I wish I could have a ball point pen.I do not like to go to bed — I havebad dreams. Going to school is aproblem. The boys throw snowballsat me. Boys splash water on me. Ido not like to clean up my platewhen there is something I do notlike. I do not like blue eyes. I donot like to have ink spilled all overmy desk. I am afraid to speak inclass. I have four brothers and sisters — that is a problem. I can'tINGERSOLL, ALIG, VERMILLION, BOO, PETERS, SELZ, MAZER. stand boys. No-standing: glick, gehlmann, spencer DO(jy cares aboutme. I am toothin."By way of contrast, another perceptive fourthgrader wrote: "Ihave no troubles.But I'll have someafterwards."The methodemployed by SRAin assembling theJunior Inventorywas comparable toits techniques ingeneral, in working out its manypublications. Advised by the author of a previousstudy of teen agersthat a need existedfor a similar investigation of the12 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEat the University of Washington, course of a world debating tour, theySpencer and Burns had formed a found that the chief youth problemwell-known debate team. In the in every country in which they spokejacket: shasta's fantastic literature checklistwoes of younger children, SRA askedhim to survey the field, and try to pindown the problem in a form' accessibleto statistics. In this case, for example,the initiator was H. H. Remmers, ofPurdue, and he enlisted the aid of aformer Purdue colleague, R. H. Bau-ernfeind, since of Carleton College.Their investigation yielded an immense pile of data from which theymade up a sort of master checklist ofchildren's troubles.In their role of academic engineers.then, the SRA staff took over thelist of 223 assorted troubles, categorized it, clarified it, shaped it toward statistical breakdown, and putit into neat, concise condition for theconsumers. Ultimately, of course, theconsumers are children, but theInventory is available only to educators, child study workers, counselors, and their ilk.In many fields, from college textbooks to business personnel forms,SRA has performed this engineeringfunction, taking as its raw materialthe products of scholarly research andadapting them for use in homes,schools and business.The Life Adjustment series alone,for instance, is so broad in scope thatit conceivably could keep a given boy— proceeding chronologically throughthe list — busy for years, as he learnedto Get Along with his Parents, toGrow Up Socially, to Discover hisReal Interests, Relate his SchoolSubjects with a Job, Enjoy hisLeisure Time, Date Successfully,Choose a Career, Look Ahead toMarriage, Get the Job, to UnderstandSex and to Understand Himself. Afinal bout with the publications onMoney, Unions, and Personalitywould put him, upon graduation, outinto the cruel world, an adjusted individual ready to rise to the top ofthe proper field of endeavor andbecome a happy husband and father.As a father, of course, he would beinvolved in another cycle of SRA,as his own children developed theirown problems.The materials so painstakingly engineered by SRA have proved to benot only useful but highly saleable,and the outfit, which started out asa product of the Depression of 'the 1930's is by this time a far-from-depressed enterprise. SRA wasfounded in 1938 by Lyle M. Spencerand Robert K. Burns, both Chicagoalumni. In their undergraduate days OF ALL U. S. publishing houses,the one which probably has thehighest proportion of alumni is afour-year old firm called Shasta Publishers, which is located a few blocksfrom the quadrangles, and 66.67 percent of whose staff has a Universitybackground. The entire enterpriseconsists of three men.Shasta's output thus far consistswholly of science fiction works,though the company contemplatesbranching out in the next year ortwo into less spectacular fields. Thelist of Shasta's science fiction authorsis fairly colorful. It includes John W.Campbell, the editor of AstoundingScience-Fiction, whose book WhoGoes There? was the basis of themotion picture, "The Thing;"Robert A. Heinlein, the "DestinationMoon" man, who has written twoShasta books and ranks as the firm'sbest-selling author; and L. Ron Hubbard, the dianetics man. It also includes Fredric Brown, who lives inTaos, New Mexico, but has to leavetown periodically, because he usuallygets the ideas for his books whileriding on a bus.Everett Bleiler, AM '50, is thefirm's editor, though at the momenthe is studying Indonesian affairs atthe University of Leyden, on a Fulbright fellowship. Shasta's directoris Melvin Korshak, '47. The onlynon-alumnus in the organization isTed Dikty, the sales manager.After leaving the army Korshakhad been operating a mail orderbusiness in used books when, in 1947,he decided the science fiction phaseof the trade was so good that therewas room for another publisher. Kor shak selected the name of the embryo company by reaching back intohis pre-war existence, when he wasfor a time an employee of the U. S.Forest Service in California. Working under the shadow of Mt. Shasta,he developed a friendly feeling forthe 14,161-foot peak, and although itseemed rather firmly rooted to theearth, he thought that the mountain'sname would be appropriate forShasta's soaring brand of literature.The following year, Shasta's firstbook appeared: A Checklist ofFantastic Literature (now out ofprint). The publishers were coauthors of this one, and Korshakagain will take over this double roleearly in 1952, when he publishesThe Great Book of Science-Fiction,which he edited. Since the Checklist,Shasta has published nine books, andhas four more currently in the mill.The next one to appear will beCurme Gray's Murder in MellenniumVI, the chronicle of a matriarchalsociety posited for 6,000 years hence,in which the phenomenon of violentdeath is rediscovered after a lapseof several peaceful eons.Shasta's products do not go unnoticed on the Quadrangles; as iswell known, many scientists areamong the most fascinated readersof science fiction. Sooner or laterone Shasta book or another is likelyto be discussed in Classics 17, at ameeting of the University's Science-Fiction Club. (The club's faculty adviser is Dr. Harold C. Urey, theNobel prize discoverer of heavyhydrogen, though the advisership implies no indorsement of the events —real of imaginary — of millennium VI.JANUARY, 1952 13was "How can I get a job?" Returning to the United States, and tothe Midway, they decided, while stillgraduate students, to form a researchorganization which would find answers to that question. In looking forjob-hunting tips for the unemployed,they thus succeeded in finding fullemployment for themselves.As SRA grew, and the problem ofunemployment turned out to be onlyone of many besetting the world,SRA's scope broadened. The catalogue now lists more than 500 separate items tests, guidance publications, reading improvement materials, specialized books, training aids,and business and personnel materials.As SRA grew, so, of course, did itsown personnel, which now numbersalmost 100 persons. Of these, aneven dozen are alumni of the University, which makes SRA undoubtedly one of the most thoroughlyalumni-infiltrated publishing housesin the country. A glimpse at the Chi-SOME OF US who work on a college or university campus are abit weary of the jibe that we" live inan ivory tower. So far as I know, thefirst use of the phrase was in 1837when Sainte-Beuve applied it toDe Vigny, contrasting his retiring andscholarly approach to his task as poetto the activism and partisanship ofVictor Hugo. But "ivory tower" nolonger suggests a poet, but a scholar-14 cago alumni working at 57 WestGrand, in Chicago, will give a hintof the alumnosity of SRA's operations. President Spencer, for whosespecial benefit the adjective "dynamic" was coined, and Vice-president Burns, PhD '42, head the list.(Burns currently is on leave and backat the University, where, readers ofthe Magazine recall, he is professor and executive officer of theIndustrial Relations Center.)Fred Gehlmann, AM '47, PhD '51,is editor of Tests and Records. MariePeters, '45 is editor for the LifeAdjustment booklets. Helen Inger-soll, AM '51 is assistant to the executive secretary. Ira Glick, '42 isdirector of advertising and sales promotion. Marilyn Printz Lane, '45,AM '49 is a manuscript researcher.Thalia Selz, AM '51 and BarbaraAlig, AM '50, work in the sales service department. Doris Boo, '50, isan assistant in the book department.Mary Vermillion, '50 is editorialteacher, and a scholar-teacher livingin isolation from the real world ofissues and action. The ivory towerfigures prominently in the flood ofarticles in educators' journals, regularly presented as a constant danger.What tower?We are urged, ad nauseam, to comeout of the ivory tower, to come to assistant for tests and records, andThelma Mazer, '49 is an assistantin the art department.In addition, of course, the University has furnished its full quotaof experts for SRA publications.Faculty members whose research hasbeen translated for SRA's audienceinclude: W. Lloyd Warner, ErnestW. Burgess, Frederick H. Harbison,Bernice Neugarten, Louis L. Thurstone, Thelma G. Thurstone, RobertJ. Havighurst and Bess Sondel.SRA's condition is healthy and itsvolume is astonishing. Its multitudeof publications consume 150,000pounds of paper annually. But inthe view of one of SRA's colleaguesin the word business, the firm will notconsider that it has really achievedits goal until children, all SRA-guided, of course, can reply to anInventory questionnaire — transposingthe words of the fourth grader quotedabove — "I have troubles. But I won'thave any afterward."grips with life, to climb down wherepeople live.I happen to believe that, properlyunderstood, we are now drifting toofar from the ivory tower. If by thatphrase we suggest a virtually completeinsulation from the world of affairs,where is that tower? If the ivory towersuggests the reading of the writingsof the ancients in their originaltongues, consider the state of classicalTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWhat's Wrongwith theIvory Tower?An ivory tower isn't a bad vantage point, sinceit gives a bird's eye — not a worm's-eye — viewBy Robert W. McEwen, AM '31, PhD '33President of Hamilton Collegestudies in most undergraduate colleges. If the ivory tower means reading great books, great books whichmost people do not read, rememberthat only one college has organizedits curriculum exclusively aroundthem.If the ivory tower means anarid intellectualism, the devotion ofprecious human years to solving intellectual puzzles for the joy of thegame, look about you at the concernof the colleges to give students practical understanding of current affairs,knowledge thought of as skill forsolving practical human problems.Consider the amount of flatly vocational training which has crept steadily into the curriculum of mostAmerican colleges and universitiesthrough the past fifty years. Thefamed Yankee know-how of our people has its intellectual counterpart inthe pragmatism of our philosophy andthe pressure on the colleges and thescholars, both without and within theivied walls, to prove ourselves useful.In all seriousness, scarcely a scholaris yet alive who could justly be accusedof living in the ivory tower, as thephrase is commonly ridiculed amongus.Of course some of our academicbehavior gives point to the criticismstill. A professor of my acquaintanceonce told me how, discouraged by thepedantry of philological research inan American university, he interrupted his studies for a trip abroad.On the Continent he happened on aRenaissance manuscript which hadnever been published. His zeal revived. He began to edit it for publication — envisioning it in print withscholarly notes and a critical introduction. And then the awful thoughtcame to him, "Why has no one everdone this before? Probably because itis not worth doing!"Dry rotHow often an undergraduate isdirected to write a term paper, andhunts frantically for something, anything, which will make a respectablesubject. How often a graduatestudent is assigned a doctoral dissertation as one aspect of a broad research topic of interest to his majorprofessor, and carries out his assignment as i** a vacuum. In large universities where, more commonly thanin such small colleges as Hamilton,the command to faculty members is "Publish or perish," we encounter toofrequently the prolific author of little articles. Yes, there is pedantryand dry rot in academic life, as elsewhere. But that does not justify thehoarse charge that we live in theivory tower.The gravest danger before ourscholars in America today is not thatthey are too retired in their cloisteredstudies but that they have departedtoo far from them, not that they areimpractical but that they are tooclose to the immediate and the practical to keep their perspective whenall about are losing theirs. With allthe media of mass communicationtoday making our society ever morevulnerable to fashions in thoughtand action, to violent swings of thependulum, we should be able to countthe influence of the scholar, the influence of colleges and universities, asa steadying force.Popgun, not doomThese lines are little more thancommentary on a sentence or twofrom Emerson's American Scholar,that masterful paper read in thesame year that Sainte-Beuve coinedthe phrase. To quote:" (The scholar) and he only knowsthe world. The world of any momentis the merest appearance. Some greatdecorum, some fetish of a government, some ephemeral trade, or war,or man, is cried up by half mankindand cried down by the other half, asif all depended on this particular upor down. The odds are that thewhole question is not worth the poorest thought which the scholar has lostin listening to the controversy. Lethim not quit his belief that a popgun is a popgun though the ancientand honorable of the earth affirm itto be the crack of doom."The problem of the scholar-teacher isto maintain a balance in a positionof tension and pressure. He needsintermittent contact with the worldof work and dirt and frustration andachievement. If his scholarship is tohave any pertinence for his contemporaries he needs to know, at firsthand if possible, what the struggleis like, where the issues lie.Yet he needs also periods of sepa-rateness, of solitude and withdrawalfrom the hurly-burly and the dust sothat he can see clearly. Robert MorssLovett's search for understanding ofliterature and life took him both tohis study and, occasionally, to apicket line! Philip Jessup's usefulness as Ambassador at Large is not unrelated to his professorship at Columbia and his authorship of a ModernLaw of Nations. The theoreticaleconomist is both a better scholar anda more useful citizen if he occasionally applies his intellectual energy toa practical business problem or apractical problem in governmentaladministration.Vantage pointBut this is to say that the properplace for a scholar is a tower ofobservation, located close enough toall that goes on in his world so thathe can see clearly from its turret, yetsufficiently removed so that he cansee a pattern, that his vision of thewood is not obscured by the trees.My only objection to the phrase, theivory tower, is to the nature of thematerial. Ivory is dead bone. A pileof dead bone is hardly the propersetting for the vital, living, dynamicfunction of scholarship. Ivory is cooland white and smooth, and theseadjectives do not suggest the tough-minded attitude, the hard work, thewarm concern of scholarship. Ivoryis precious, and, fortunately, most ofour scholarship is not that.But ivory or no, the tower is agood idea. And if scholars today needcounsel in either direction, I suggestthat it is toward building towers, notdeserting them. In days when publicissues are strongly influenced by television programs and parades, thefunction of the scholar is not tocome down out of the tower andjoin the parade but to speak firmlyfrom this vantage point.JANUARY, 1952 15EarsforSeeingWithTHE EAR WINDOWCortisone yields some secretsto scientists peering throughingenious "window on diseaseINCREASED understanding ofsome of the peculiar Jeckyll-Hydecharacteristics of the hormone cortisone has become possible as the result of recent findings by Robert H.Ebert, '36, MD '42, Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University.Dr. Ebert and Robert Wissler, SM'43, PhD "'46, MD '48, AssistantProfessor of Pathology, reported onresearch, making use of an unusual"rabbit ear chamber," which helpsto clarify the role of the hormonein serum disease. Serum disease isimportant in medical research because it is frequently involved whenserums are given to patients, and be-EBERT PET PAIN-FREE AS WOMAN WEARING EARRINGSCORTISONE-"NORMALIZED" TISSUE SHOWS SCANT SERUM REACTION WITHOUT Ccause its effects, in damage to theheart and blood system, resemble thesymptoms of rheumatic fever.Cortisone, given experimentallyfollowing the administration of horseserum to a series of ear-chamber-equipped rabbits, measurably reducedthe amount of sludge and stickinessof blood constituents, Drs. Ebert andWissler found. And the bjood vesselsthemselves did not swell and lose"tone" when the serum and the hormone were present, as is usually thecase when a foreign protein materialis introduced into the blood.The two scientists' description ofjust how the flowing blood respondsto the serum and the hormone helpsexplain why cortisone is activelyharmful in somecases of tissue injury, althoughhelpful in a widevariety of unrelateddiseases.(In all cases, thehormone's effectsare "reversible,"lasting only a littlelonger than theperiod in whichthe substance isbeing administered.)As a result of the"rabbit ear chamber" work, the research workershave been able toexplain, in part, the seeming ambivalence of the hormone, which was introduced a fewyears ago as a treatment for arthritis, and since has presented astimulating challenge for researchersbecause of its surprisingly variableeffects. Thus cortisone's harmful effects on the healing of wounds mayresult, they suggest, from its verypower to alleviate blood congestion,since the congested blood carriesnutriment which aids cell growth.On the other hand, the same effectof cortisone, in decreasing the lossof blood fluid by keeping the bloodvessels in good condition, may beimportant in preventing shock, lessening scar formation, etc.Cortisone's beneficial results in thesuppresion of serum disease, Drs.Ebert and Wissler believe, result fromits underlying effect in maintainingthe health of the small blood vessels,rather than any specific involvementwith antibodies or antigens producedin connection with the disease.The "rabbit ear chamber" used inthe research is a device about thesize of a half-dollar. It consists oftwo pieces of transparent plastic, abase plate, and a cover ring. Plugson the base "plate fit through holespunched in the rabbit's ear and allowthe cover ring to be snapped on andcemented into, place on the otherside. A pinhole, stopped with a silverplug, gives access to the living tissue in the chamber and allows doctorsto inoculate drugs, bacteria, andother substances directly into' the tis-16 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINECORTISONE 10 & 17 DAYS, HORSE SERUM SWELLS VESSELS MORE SERUM INJECTED, MURKINESS GROWS. OFF HORMONE 23 DAYSsue. Once in place, the plastic windowprotects the tissue against contamination and thus permits control ofobservations and experiments.The underlying idea behind thechamber isn't new, but the presentdesign of the device and the purposesfor which it is used result from Dr.Ebert's work. He first became interested in the problem during thelate 1930's, when a Rhodes scholarat Oxford. In its original cruderform, the chamber had been used tostudy the anatomy of the small bloodvessels of the rabbit's ear and someaspects of inflammation. Dr. Ebertimproved the device, simplified andextended its use, and turned it to theproblem of studying disease and itstreatment.Once in place, the chamber allowsthe rabbits to live normally, anddoesn't even interfere with theirability to perk up their ears. Forobservation, the rabbit is strappedon a specially designed table, and thechamber is placed on the stage of amicroscope. The investigator canthus directly observe the inflammation and breakdown of the living tissues. For the permanent record,photographs and color motion pictures can readily be taken with theapparatus.In another series of observationsmade through the "window," Dr.Ebert has found resemblances between the effects of tuberculosis andallergies on living tissues. Thesecause the death of tissue because of a chemical hypersensitivity to an invading substance. Tuberculosis bacilli,for example, are found to be relatively harmless to tissues if a previoussensitivity to them does not exist.Once such a sensitivity occurs — possibly because of a previous infection— the bacilli cause damage to thelining of the blood vessels. Plasmaseeps out into the surrounding tissues. White blood cells attach themselves to the walls of the vessels. Redblood cells clump together into clotsthat plug the vessels. Tuberculin,a by-product of tuberculosis bacilli,has much the same injurious effecton living tissue, but it is moretransient in its damage.Not only the effects of diseasebacteria but also those of drug treatment of disease can be studied in thechamber. Dr. Ebert has alreadytested the effect of streptomycin andpara-aminosalicylic acid in curbingtuberculosis bacilli. Motion pictureshave been made showing the ebband flow of infection and healingwith streptomycin treatment fromalmost complete tissue destruction tocomplete healing. The progress of thedisease can be traced and recordedday by day and, if necessary, hour byhour.Scientists have known that somebacteria, for example, could be killedby certain drugs. They also had successfully treated patients sufferingfrom diseases caused by these bacteria.Now they have a tool fotfs watchingexactly what happens in living tissuewhen the drug begins to curb the bacterial invaders. HORMONE AGAIN: SWELLING EBBS^¦¦¦^¦¦¦¦IHIVA/FH %2nd week: further improvementJANUARY, 1952 17FINDING NEW RECIPES FOR ROCKS/ • (riToday geologists arebeating their pickaxesinto x-ray cameras, theirrocks into atomic pulpSPOTS DIMINISH IN ANORTHITE (LEFT) , GROW MORE DISTINCT IN GA-ANORTHITETO MOST PERSONS who are notgeologists, the notion of creatingnew kinds of rock would appearfrivolous. There seem to be plentyalready. Names have been given toso many that it is a fruitless chore tocount them; today a listing of thevarieties of the igneous rocks alonefills four volumes.Yet brand new synthetic mineralcompounds are being created in thegeology laboratories of the University, and there is nothing frivolousabout the work. In time these synthetics may reveal little - understoodphases of the earth's babyhood. Already they are making importantcontributions to the knowledge ofold-line natural rocks.More and more the geologists ofthe University are leaving the cavernsand the canyons and spending theirtime in the laboratory; more andmore geology is moving toward geochemistry. (In a sense, this completesthe circle, since the first chemists weremineralogists, before they branched out into the study of more transitorysubstances.) This trend is adding somenew drawing-cards to the geologists'old lure, the field trip; as the workbecomes increasingly more refined,and its pursuit more confining, thediscipline requires, instead, ever-increasing arrays of lab apparatus.Order vs. disorderSynthesis of nine new "minerals"has been achieved recently in the Rosenwald laboratories by two membersof this chemistry-minded group ofgeologists: Fritz Laves, Associate Professor of Crystal Chemistry, and JulianGoldsmith, '40, PhD '47, ResearchAssociate in Geochemistry. The syntheses were performed in attempts toanswer some puzzling questions aboutthe structure of the feldspars whichare alumino-silicates with sodium,calcium, or potassium added.Now, as you probably are aware,feldspar is about the most commonconstituent of the rocks which make up the known and explored part ofthe earth's bulk (this part, of course,is an epidermis only about ten milesthick). Combined with quartz (andsmall amounts of other minerals)feldspar makes granite, and it is aprincipal component of basalt and ofvirtually all the other igneous rocks.In studying the structure of thefeldspars, scientists have been baffledby the problem of whether certain oftheir atoms were arranged in specific,ordered patterns within the crystals,or whether they were distributed atrandom. This order-disorder problem, and the attendant question ofwhether the atom arrangement is affected by heat and how much, could,if answered, indicate how hot therocks were when they were originallyformed.Determining this order-disorder relationship by the usual methods ofstudying x-ray diffraction pictures —patterns produced when an x-raybeam is bounced off atoms arrangedin a plane — was impossible, becauseGOLDSMITH'S QUENCH FURNACE "FREEZES" MINERALS IN HOT STATE; LAVEs' PRECESSION CAMERA X-RAYS THEMlflONI18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE7i> • 0 •.500'x Shad Ow y J S\ Barelyi D'Stintfuij'w •• iju/?fafc/cPROGRESSIVELY FUZZIER DOTS (ARROWS) SHOW HOW HEAT ALTERS STRUCTUREwo of the elements characteristic ofhese feldspars — silicon and alumi-ium — are sufficiently alike, crystalo-raphically speaking, to cause reflec-lon patterns that are indistinguish-ble.Dr. Goldsmith proposed to substi-jte for aluminum an element of no-iceably higher atomic number (theumber governs the diffraction in-?nsity) but approximately the sameze and charge, and found the best:and-in to be the rare element, galli-m. For silicon, he found he couldibstitute germanium, which is corre->ondingly adaptable. By substitutingese atoms, one at a time and then>gether, he formed three new typesf each of the soda, calcium, anditash feldspars.few insightsThese had never occurred in nature.1 the lab one of them — calcium-•used anorthite — already has giventomise of showing that there is anderly pattern of the silicon anduminum atoms, and also to indicatete likelihood that the componenthich exhibits disorderly conducthen the heat is on is the calcium.i anorthite, further, the silicon-uminum pattern (or the gallium-rmanium pattern or the intergrades)lys put through the whole tempera-re range from 1100° C. to theelting point, 1550°, while the partsthe x-ray picture made by the cal-lm grow progressively fuzzier.Dr. Laves has specialized in theray crystallography of both the ex-¦rimental compounds and naturalinerals, toward the understandingwhich the work with synthetics isrected. The work of the group hasen financed in part by the Office ofaval Research. Good progress al-ady has been achieved in the feld-ar work, and the research team ex-cts soon to broaden the area ofquiry.One of the next items on the investitive agenda is a combined ther-ul-x-ray study of "zoned" crystalsthe "plagioclase" feldspars. Inese crystals, the outer portion is.irkedly richer in the sodium cqn-tuent than is the crystalline core.his phenomenon of heterogeneitythin a single crystal is found rather•mmonly in nature, and it is closelyd to the order-disorder relations of silicon and aluminum in the feldspars, since presumably the sameforces are involved in both.The zoned crystals have been foundin very ancient rocks, and their persistence through the ages has beenoffered as an indication that rockscould not have been formed by diffusion of elemental materials in thesolid state. According to this line ofreasoning, a diffusion under theseconditions would have created homogeneous crystals. Dr. Goldsmith feels,however, that this viewpoint is wrong,The Nine New SyntheticMaterialsGallium albite-NaGaSi30,Germanium albite—NaAlGesO,Gallium-germanium albite—NaGaGe:lO,Gallium orthoclase-KGaSi.,0,Germanium orthoclase—KAlGe30,Gallium-germanium othoclase—KGaGe..OsGallium anorthite— CaGaSi30,Germanium anorthite— CaAlGe^O,Gallium-germanium anorthite—CaGaGe3Os because it assumes that diffusion musttake place uniformly through the entire range of chemical constituents ofrocks. This is not so. The diffusionof calcium or sodium ions within acrystal can be accomplished with relative ease, but neither aluminum norsilicon can be displaced without greatdifficulty, because of their strongbonds with oxygen.Although the point is a relativelyfine one, it bears directly on the question of the state of the earth's rockswhen the earth was first formed.Instead of pickaxes, considerablenumbers of contemporary geologists are working with thermocouplesand precession cameras. Dr. Lavesrecounts a story, from his days atGottingen University, of a professorthere who made the wearing of evening clothes compulsory in his chemistry lab; his intent was to teach themeticulous care with which lab workshould be done. "It was a good lesson," Laves says. "Here we don't wearevening clothes, but we are very careful."kNUARY, 1952 19Why We Don't Behave LikeHuman BeingsSo long as "agreement" means "agreement with us"human harmony will remain just beyond our reachS. I. HayakawaLecturer, University CollegeAS THE RESULT of some kindsof verbal interchange, friendshipsare created, affections or loyalties arenourished, social order is created, andthere is established, through the longand patient refinement of linguisticmeans, that precise co-ordination ofhuman effort required in all socializedhuman activity: government, science,industry, and commerce. However,in certain other kinds of verbal interchange, such as in misunderstandings,name- calling, bickering, quarreling,and doctrinal disputes, the result, if theinterchange continues long enough,is the cessation of linguistic processesaltogether, and there is resort to non-linguistic means of settlement, such asfisticuffs, riots, lockouts, strikes, wars.Of course, human beings have beenconcerned with this problem of cooperation and conflict since time immemorial. If the student of semanticshas anything new to contribute to thediscussion, it lies in the emphasis heplaces upon the linguistic aspects ofco-operation and conflict. For example, in a mass production industry, theelaborate apportionment of tasks, thecoordination of the efforts of thousands of men and women, and thebringing together of all that divisionof labor into a unity of product, requires that a constant stream of thousands upon thousands of verbal communications a day, both writen andoral, be issued and understood.An equally impressive amount ofwordage, although of a different kind,is required to arouse the resentments,the fears, the moral and patrioticpassions necessary to have a war. Innumerable fists have to be poundedon tables; scores of diplomats muststamp out of conferences to dramatizethe intended cessation of linguisticprocesses; millions of words at crosspurposes must be issued over pressand radio in the rival nations, beforethe shooting begins. Without this wordage we might well have the condition imagined by the little girl whoasked, 'Suppose they gave a war andnobody came?'I believe that we have today atleast three (there are certainly more)bodies of theoretical and practicalknowledge which have not been available to past students of agreement andconflict, and it is with these three thatI shall concern myself today.Transitive verbsBefore proceeding to these threetopics, however, I should like to callattention to the fact that in thequestion, 'How can people be madeto agree?' there are always two littlewords omitted which ought to bethere. The question ought to read, aswe ordinarily understand the expression, 'How can people be made toagree with us?' For each of us hashis own little private conviction ofrightness, and, almost by definition,the Utopian condition of which weall dream is that in which all peoplefinally see the error of their ways andagree with us. And underlying practically all our attempts to bring aboutagreement is the assumption thatagreement is brought about by changing people's minds — other people's.Most of the verbs describing an agreement successfully and ideally arrivedat are transitive: I persuaded him,I convinced him, T sold him on theidea, I educated him, I straightenedhim out, I cured him of his delusions,and so on. The almost invariable assumption is that somebody does something to the misguided individual inorder to bring him to a realization ofthe truth.Hence the importance in Westerncivilization of the arts of rhetoric andpersuasion, nowadays debased into thearts of salesmanship and how to makefriends and influence people. Hence, too, the emphasis throughout our culture on propaganda and educationalcampaigns whenever anyone feels theneed of doing anything about anything. Not that I am opposed to education or propaganda as such. Isimply wish to call attention to theunderlying assumption of all such endeavors: That something is done tosomeone in the educative and persuasive process. In the public relationsprofession, where these matters arediscussed at a more sophisticated level,people talk of the 'engineering ofconsent.' Here too the same assumption is at work.Some years ago Dr. Carl Rogers,then at Ohio State University andnow at the University of Chicago,worked out a technique of psychotherapy which has proved remarkably efficacious. He found that hispatients (or clients, as he prefers tocall them) could counsel themselvesmuch better than he could counselthem. While much of his techniquewill sound familiar to many psychotherapists since Freud, he made aradical innovation in making a central therapeutic principle of not giving the patient (or client) any orders,advice, interpretations, censure, orpraise — indeed, refraining even fromguiding the channels of the patient'sconversation — in short, being completely nondirective. The therapist issimply the sympathetic listener extraordinary — and the more skilfullythe therapist listens, the more doesthe patient get insight into his ownproblems by his efforts to formulatethem in words. How little the roleof listening is understood in our over-verbalized culture, and how littleappreciation there is of the disciplinesand skills required to listen well, isindicated by the fact that Dr. Rogers'method has been scornfully called thecuh-huh' technique, on the fictitiousgrounds that all the therapist does is20 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEto sit there and say 'uh-huh' to thepatient now and then.An impressive literature of the results obtained by Dr. Rogers' methodis being accumulated. What appearsto happen in the nondirective counseling situation is that, when there is acompletely sympathetic and skilfullistener, the patient utters more andmore freely his beliefs, opinions andattitudes; then, finding his opinionsand attitudes accepted and understood, the patient becomes free, forthe first time, to examine his attitudesinstead of just having them. Thegiving of advice or criticism of hisattitudes usually results in his defending them, rather than examiningthem.In the course of being warmly andfully understood in the permissiveenvironment which the therapist creates for him, the patient ultimatelycomes to ask revealing questions abouthimself, such as, T wonder why I feelthis way?' In other words, he gradually ceases simply to react to his problem world of wife, children, 'parents, employer, or whatever. Hegoes beyond this and begins to become conscious of the fact that itis his way of evaluating his situation that helps to make it the prob lem that it is. Needless to say, thetherapist throughout this process isentering imaginatively into the patient's situation, trying to see it asthe patient sees it. Finding himselfcompletely accepted, the patient becomes dissatisfied with his own formulations of his problem, and step bystep begins to improve them. As heprogressively improves his reformulations of his problem, he ultimatelyrestructuralizes them completely; theoriginal problem is no longer there;the problem as restructuralized usuallyturns out to be capable of solution.The importance of Dr. Rogers' experience and writings is obvious. Heand other psychologists of the non-directive scheel have used the wire-recorder extensively; hence they havebeen studying and analyzing, to adegree not hitherto possible, the mechanics of the ways in which peopleinteract in counseling and grouptherapy situations. The kinds of response that encourage further communication and those that arouse hostility and defensiveness are analyzedand compared. These psychologistsare able now not only to affirm, butalso to produce wire-recordings thatdemonstrate, the mechanisms of personal interaction in situations in which words are exchanged. What has beendiscovered in these analyses has beenput together into a body of coherenttheory regarding human personalityand the conditions under which itchanges towards greater integration.In short, a simple and coherent account has been rendered of the conditions under which people changetheir minds or refuse to do so.Concealed motivesEqually important for our purposesin studying the kinds of linguisticinteraction that result in cooperationor conflict is the kind of researchwhich has been going on for someyears in what is called 'group dynamics.' The Research Center for GroupDynamics, now at the University ofMichigan, was founded at Massachusetts Institute of Technology by thelate Kurt Lewin. It was his conviction, and it is that of his successorsin the work, that 'it is possible toundertake experiments in sociologywhich have as much right to be calledscientific experiments as those in physics and chemistry.' It is this conviction that animates the research (inwhich again the wire-recorder is indispensable) now being carried outon such topics as the following: theimportance of group membership asa source of security in individuals; therelationships between group identification and individual beliefs; the effects of hierarchic structure in determining the character of groups;the kinds of leadership there are, andthe effects of various kinds of leadership on group functioning and structure.How do individuals in a group situation such as a conference changetheir minds? The mechanics appearto be somewhat as follows. Each individual in a group situation has atleast two levels of motivation. Firstis the surface or public level of motivation: the justifications of his position which he utters without hesitation; the prepared statements he mayrelease to the press; the demands hewill urge and dramatize and arguefor. The second is the unacknowledged or private level of motivation :the things he knows and doesn't saybecause he thinks the other fellowalready knows them; things he knowsand doesn't say for fear of possibleloss of face; the things he knows anddoesn't say for fear of the advantageHAYAKAWA EDITS GENERAL SEMANTICS' QUARTERLY, TERSELY NAMED: ETC.JANUARY, 1952 21which that knowledge might give tothe other fellow; finally, the thingshe knows but which he is not readyto acknowledge to himself, let aloneto others.Research in group dynamics, then,has been research into the conditionsunder which people move, or fail tomove, in their group conference situations, from the public levels of acknowledged motivations to the deeperlevels of previously unacknowledgedmotivations. Group discussions andgroup work under different conditionsand styles of leadership have been systematically studied and compared.From such studies, two general conclusions emerge. The first is that onthe whole ten heads are better thanone, and a hundred better than ten.The solutions arrived at by successfulgroup intercommunication are usuallydifferent from and better than anyof those proposed at the beginning byany one individual, even the most brilliant among them. Furthermore, thedecisions arrived at by groups have amore lasting effect than those imposedby authority. The second conclusionis that certain social skills are necessary in a leader or chairman beforean environment can be created whichpermits collective decisions to takeshape and become crystallized. Theseskills are capable of being learned andtransmitted. Shop foremen and employers and office supervisors havebeen shown to be capable of acquiring techniques and skills that resultin more harmonious and more effective group functioning.Minimal leadershipBut successful leadership, as KurtLewin says, is a paradoxical kind ofthing. The leader who produces themost lasting and thorough changes ingroup behavior is he who apparentlydoes the least pushing around and'leading,' just as in non-directive counseling that therapist appears . to bebest who does the least 'treating.'One is remindid of the paradox ofLaotse who said over 2,500 yearsago that the greatest leader is he whoseems to follow.Next, I should like to call attentionto the general semantics of the lateAlfred Korzybski, author of a much-debated and little-read book, Scienceand Sanity (1933). General semanticsis an extraordinarily provocative studyof the act of interpretation, or, as Korzybski prefers to call it, the act ofevaluation. Whatever impinges on usfrom our environment, whether thingsor events or symbols or words, weinterpret or evaluate; sometimes ourways of evaluating and verbalizingour evaluations lead to quarrels, conflicts, vicious circle controversies; atother times our patterns of evaluation lead to successful problem-solving.Verbal hobgoblinsKorzybski was impressed with thefact that the same human intelligencewhich is capable of extraordinary featsof cooperative problem-solving insuch areas as science and technologyis, in other areas, such as philosophy,politics, and human relations, constantly embroiled in controversy anddispute. What he undertook to dowas to try to lay bare the differencesbetween the successful methods of science and the unsuccessful or pre-scientific methods of problem-solvingso common in other areas of humanactivity.The following are some of the contrasts which he delineated, and whileit is admitted that he is neither thefirst nor the only one to point out oneor another of the specific items of contrast, he was certainly the first tobring them together into a systematictheory of agreement upon which tobase a theory of education.Scientists, Korzybski says, often create, for purposes of explaining andordering phenomena, heuristic fictions,but insofar as they remain scientists,they treat their fictions as fictions.Those of prescientific habits of mindalso create heuristic fictions, but treatthem as real entities. So doing, theypeople their minds with gremlins,plogglies, and other such verbal hobgoblins. This is an instance of treating words as things.Scientists often make inferences andhypotheses in proceeding from theknown to the unknown; those of prescientific habits of mind, like the editorial writers who have figured outwith impressive finality that Presi-A somewhat longer version ofHayakawa's lecture, one of a Uni-versity College series last month,appeared in ETC. A Review ofGeneral Semantics for December,1950. dent Truman is trying to establish apolice state or the paranoiac who believes that he has been institutionalized as the result of a vast international Jewish conspiracy, also makeinferences and hypotheses, but treatthem as established facts.Scientists believe in co-operation;they not only practice and encouragethe free publication and exchange ofscientific information; they also seekconstantly to find ways of stating theirconclusions so that they can be agreedupon by the greatest number of observers. Those of prescientific habitsof mind tend to be possessive andsecretive about their knowledge, inthe interests, for example, of commercial advantage or military security.Scientists regard even their mosthard-won and cherished conclusionsas only tentatively true — as 'true so faras we know up to the present time.'Those of prescientific habits of mindlive by creed, by slogan, by word-magic, by shibboleth, by dogma.Acting sanelyThese are some of the contrasts between scientific and prescientific orientations as described by Korzybski.The unique and peculiarly engagingfeature of his teaching is his conviction that scientific habits of mind canbe nurtured in everybody and notsolely among a special class of peoplecalled scientists. That is, any person,whether a teacher, a politician, a busconductor, a parent, or whatever, whotreats his inferences as inferences, whotreats his most cherished conclusionsas 'true so far as we know up to thepresent time,' who is relatively unsusceptible to shibboleth and slogan,who remains aware of the abstractiveand projective processes he goesthrough in arriving at his conclusions,who is aware of the point at whichhis knowledge stops and his ignorancebegins, is, in Korzybski' s sense of theterm, acting scientifically and sanely.To be scientific, according to him, issimply to act like a sane person. Andin order to enable people to cultivatescientific orientations he summarizedhis description of the methods of science into a list of easily-rememberedrules with which to evaluate one'sown evaluative processes.Consequently, as information aboutKorzybski's general semantics becomes more widely spread, more and22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmore people have been applying hisprinciples in their daily contacts ofbusiness and family and social relations. They become better listeners.Furthermore, since linguistic processesare processes of social interaction, itappears that the presence in somegroups of even one individual notgiven to dogmatism, not given to overreacting to slogans and fighting words,not given to taking too literally thelinguistic forms in which problemsare structuralized and on the basis ofwhich people line up into contendingcamps, acts as a sanative influenceon the entire group.Over-refutationI should like to close with anextremely broad — perhaps an indefensibly broad — generalization. It appears to me, as it does to other students of semantics, that we are, in theWestern world at least, extraordinarilyoverskilled in the techniques of refutation. The skills of refutation we seeabundantly illustrated on every side,in what the Republicans say aboutDemocratic claims and in what Democrats say about Republican charges;in what Professor A says about Professor B's arguments in our journalsof literary criticsm and esthetics andphilosophy, and in what Professor Bsays in reply; in what the truck driversays to the taxi driver after a collision,and in what the taxi driver says to thetruck driver. Techniques of refutation are universal, but techniques ofagreement are distrusted, being usually regarded as 'backing down,' oras 'shameful compromise.' Our verbalhabits are overwhelmingly aggressive,so that even those who are distressedand fearful at the appearance ofwarmongers' in our midst see no logical contradiction in urging a 'relentless fight against warmongers.'Often I feel that we are verbally soaggressive not solely because of ourneurotic needs or our 'class interests,'but also because we know so few techniques fof bringing about agreementother than those which are more orless aggressive in character.It seems to occur to us rarely, if atall, that agreement is not a matter ofaction on someone else, but of actionbetween ourselves and others. Wehave learned, not only as individualsbut as a culture, that public conven ience and safety require that we driveon the right hand side of the road.Can we learn, again not only as individuals but as a culture, that publicconvenience and safety in verbal traffic require that we listen before wefly off the handle? If we can learnthis, I do not say that conflicts will beautomatically solved. But I do believe that if enough of us learn to analyze and to avoid the aggressiveness ofour own verbal habits, and thereforelearn to listen as we have never listened before, we shall help enormouslyto create the conditions under whichsolutions to our problems of conflictcan be found. SARGENT'S DRUG STOREAn Ethical Drug Store for 100 YearsChicago's most completeprescription stock23 N. Wabash Avenue670 N. Michigan AvenueChicagoWHOLESALE RETAILLATOURAINECoffee and TeoLa Touraine Coffee Co.209 Milwaukee Ave., ChicagoOther PlanttBoston — N.Y. — Phil. — Syracuse — Cleveland— Detroit'Tou Might A» We// Have Trie Beit"OpportunityForResponsibilityMen, 28 to 38, with executive ability inmanufacturing, marketing or controllersfunctions sought by long established firmin management field to analyze businessproblems in client organizations. Requirement — progressive management thinkingbased on sound experience in specializedareas. Permanent positions. Salary relatedto qualifications. Please reply briefly onpersonal background and experience. Replies handled confidentially. Box No. 1,University of Chicago Magazine, 5733 University Ave., Chicago 37.// you are not available, please refer thisopportunity to a qualified individual.JANUARY, 1952 23CLASSIFIED(30c per line)WANTED— Set of 8 or 11 V. of C. Spodewaredinner plates with different campus scene oneach plate. Give condition of set and price.Dr. Walter A. Striker, 1100/, E. River Rd.,Grosse lie, Michigan.FOR THE BESTCONCRETE WORKCallT. A. REHNQUIST CO.fEST. 11»NOrmal 7-0433HEAVY DUTYINDUSTRIAL FLOORSSIDEWALKSMACHINE FOUNDATIONS•CONCRETE BREAKINGBY HOUR OR CONTRACTT. A. REHNQUIST CO.6639 S. Vernon AvenueTHE HAZEL HOFF SHOPfor Fine Hosiery• featuringNeumode "Career Girl" nylonsMade to wear the way nylons aresupposed to wear1377 E. 55th StreetBLACKSTONEHALLAnExclusive Women's Hotella ih*University of Chicago DistrictOffering Graceful Living to University and Businasi Woman atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALL5748 TelephoneBlackstone Ave. PLaza 2-3313Varna P. Werner, DirectorAuto LiveryQuiet, unobtrusive serviceWhen you want it, as you want itCALL AN EMERY FIRSTEmery Drexel Livery, Inc.5516 Harper AvenueFAirfax 4-6400 The Dignified Dandie DinmotTo our alumni readers who are up ontheir canine classifications, the Dandie Din-mot, pictured here, needs no introduction.But it took a note from Helen Dye Kirby,'19, a batch of snapshots, and a featurestory from the Kansas City Star to put usin the know about these fluffy-haired terriers and the Kirby's "Overhill Kennels"in Kansas City, Mo.Helen's cryptic note simply said, "Thisis what became of one U. of C. graduatewho majored in English. At times I wishI had gone into the medical school."The pictures informed us that the DandieDinmot appears to be a somewhat frousled-haired edition of a Sealyham (which theKirbys also raise in their kennels) but thefeature story explained that they are a rarebreed of terriers of Scottish line and thatthe Kirby kennels are one of only threeplaces in the U. S. where such dogs areraised.We learn, further, that the Dandie Dinmot is a "rough coated, thickset dog, lowon its legs and with a body flexible andfairly long in proportion to its height. Thelerrier weighs from 18 to 24 pounds. Affectionate and sweet-tempered, it is a dogof quiet dignity.""The Dandies are in two colors, pepperand mustard. The mustards range froma reddish tan to a pale fawn, sometimespenciled in black. The peppers may varyfrom a dark bluish black to a light silverygray."The Kirby's household favorite, Champion Overhill Eustace, is of the light silvery gray variety, with luminous darkeyes and a string of blue ribbons whichhe has won for top honors in his breed atnational shows.As an undergradute English major, HelenDye had put dogs in the nuisance category, but as the wife of William Kirby, forwhom dogs had been a life-long hobby, she1910Lucile Jarvis Arne writes from herStonewall Road address in Berkeley totell about moving into their new home,"propped on a Berkeley hillside. For obvious reasons I have named it 'Pride andEolly'."1915Hays MacFarland, president of the Chicago advertising firm of MacFarland, Ave-yard & Co., has been appointed specialgifts chairman of the Crusade for Freedom campaign for northern Illinois.1917Elsa Chapin, AM, PhD '29, writes thatshe is "very busy as a 'retired' individualin Santa Barbara. Leading two groupsin the Adult Education Program and enjoying work on the program committee rapidly altered her heretical view, soonsharing her husband's enthusiasm for dogsand now she assumes full care of the dogs.Mrs. Kirby is especially expert at grooming the dogs and an owner of some "Dandies" in Rhinelander, Wis., is flying toK.C. with her dogs for some pre-Christmasinstructions in the fine points of groomingwhich involves knowing how to starch andcomb the soft, silky hair on top of thedog's head so that the hair will not falldown over the dog's expressive eyes. (Actually, the dog in this snapshot may havebeen caught with his hair down.)The Kirbys raise their Sealyhams and"Dandies" primarily for show purposes,but those not suitable for showing are soldas pets. Mrs. Kirby plans to take ChampionOverhill Eustace to the New York Showin February, where, if he repeats past performances, he'll come home with more blueribbons.— A.P.of the Woman's Club; also occasional tripsto the Huntington library to continueresearch delayed for 20 years!"1918Samuel Chutkow, JD '20, Denver attorney, sends in this round-up of his sons'activities: Lee, '50, is now in his secondyear at the Colorado Medical School inDenver; Arnold, '48, JD '51, is now associated with his father's law firm; andJerry is in his second year at the Universityof Chicago.1919Grace White is a grade school supervisor in Iron Mountain, Mich.Charles J. Shohan, PhD, of Alexandria,Virginia, is chief ot the office of economicaffairs for ihe Department ,of State, Washington, D. C.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1922News from the reunion classes is rolling in, and the Class of '22 is rollingtoward a Thirtieth Reunion— June 6, 1952.To date, 66 report they are interested in,and/or hope to attend, indicated by asterisk (*).Lora M. Adams, a teacher in the Chicago public school system, recently returnedfrom her fifth trip to Europe. '* Robert S. Adler lives in Highland Park.He devotes a substantial amount of histime to civic, philanthropic and religiousactivities. His wife is Helen Lowenstein,'24. They have two children: John R„ 26,and Louise F., 23.? Mayo M. Andelson, MD '24, is a physician in Chicago. He has one child, nearlythree.* Charles S. Bacon, Jr., SM '23, is a geologist at Case Institute of Technology inCleveland. Last summer he traveled toBrazil on a consulting trip. He returnedto climb Mt. Katahdin in New Englandwith the children: John, 13; Robert, 10;and Mary Frances, eight.* Russel W. Ballard is director of HullHouse in Chicago. His two sons, John andBill, are graduates of the University also.Carrie M. Barlow, AM '34, is on thefaculty of Calumet High School in Chicago. Her husband, William A. Barlow,is a dentist. They have two daughtersand six grandchildren.Lauretta Bender Schulder is professorof clinical psychiatry, College of Medicineof New York University. She has threechildren: Michael, 14; Peter, 13; and Jane,10. Her husband, Paul Schulder, died in1941.* Elizabeth V. Benyon is a member ofthe law library staff at the University.* Queenie . Black moved to Harvard, Illinois in 1924 to teach school. In 1929 shemarried a local boy, J. F. Mitchen (Wisconsin, '24) who is in the insurance business.With the exception of five years ('29-'34)in Colorado, they have lived in Harvardsince. Their only daughter is a high schooljunior. ^VTrs. Mitchen does some substituteteaching and is active in church, club, andGirl Scout work.* Frederika Blankner, AM '23, is anauthor and chairman of the departmentof classical languages and literature atAdelphi College, Garden City, New York.Adelaide Bledsoe Kingman is living inLos Angeles. Her husband, Howard Kingman, is a retired vice admiral of theUnited States Navy. Mrs. Kingman hastwo children: Lt. Thomas Cormack, 25;and Adelaide Cormack, 20; from her firstmariage to Bartlett Cormack, '22, whodied in 1942.* Mathew A. Bowers is an investigatorfor the U.S. Department of Labor, havingbeen awarded a 10-year emblem for continuous service with the department thispast fall. He has a son, Thomas, who isin the fifth grade at the U. of C. Laboratory school.* George C. Brook, AM '25, PhD '48, hasbeen director of research since February1951 for tjie Chicago Board of Education.He is in process of writing a book, Development of Business, which will serve as acollege orientation course in business.Adele Byrne Prescott is Jiving in Mont-clair, N. J. Her husband is treasurer ofthe J. L. Prescott Co., Passaic, N. J. Theyhave two daughters: Molly, 19, a sophomore at Smith; and Nancy, 13.Janet H. Child is an account executivewith radio station KVOA in Tucson, Ariz.* N. Bayard Clinch is president of theManor Baking Co., in Dallas, Texas. HisJANUARY, 1952 son, Nick, is a senior at Stanford, and hisdaughter, Lee, is a high school sophomore.Clinch writes that he is busy establishingbranches of his business in northeastTexas, and that he is also active in numerous civic enterprises.* Ethelyn Cohen Straus has been activein hospital volunteer work at the University, having served as president of theMother's Aid of the Chicago Lying-in Hospital and Dispensary. Her husband is an insurance broker, and they have two sons,17, and 15.Sidney B. Cohen is a manufacturer ofchildren's play clothes — the BernsteinCohen & Co., in Chicago. His wife isMadeleine Roll, '27, and they have twosons, Henry, 14; and Ronald, 11.* Roger M. Combs, Jr., is assistant salesmanager for the Pacific Outdoor Advertising Co., in Los Angeles. He has threedaughters: Susanne, 21, who has just beengraduated from the University of Miami;Nancy, 18, who is a sophomore at theU. of Miami; and Carol, 16, a high schooljunior.* Ellen F. Coyne Masters is an Englishinstructor at Penn. State College. A fewyears ago she was back on campus to attendthe unveiling of the bronze bust of herhusband, the late Edgar Lee Masters, inHarper Library. She suggests that some ofthe faculty of the '22 years be invited tothe reunion. "The only circumstance thatmight prevent my joining you in Junewould be my son's graduation from BrownUniversity. It might be the gods will sojuggle the dates that I can attend both."* Violet M. Couchman, (Mrs. Hayes Whis-ler) is postmaster in Portage, Mich. Herhusband is an electrical engineer. Theyhave a daughter, Bethjane, 17, who is afreshman at Western Michigan College; anda son, 11, in junior high school.Allen D. Holloway has been elected amember of the Board of Trustees of theJohn Marshall Law School, Chicago.The Reverend John R. Kirby, AM, hasbeen appointed district governor of Rotary International, for 1951-52. In thispost, he will coordinate activities of 47Rotary clubs in one of the four districtsof Iowa.Dr. Kirby is pastor of the Methodistchurch in Pocahontas, Iowa, and a pastpresident of Rotary in that city.* Frank H. C. Wolff is secretary-treasurer of the American Slicing MachineCo., in Chicago. He has three children;two of them married, and one grandchild.Sol M. Wolff son, Rush MD '25, is practicing general surgery and tumor surgeryin Beverly Hills, Calif. He has two daughters. The older one is a teaching assistantin the department of anthropology at London University, England; and the youngerdaughter is a freshman at the Universityof California.* Thanas W. Woodman, MD '24, is ageneral surgeon in Phoenix, Ariz.Mary M. Wyman, AM '31, is a supervisor of safety and special education forthe Louisville public schools.* Dominic J. Zerbolio, MD '24, is a physician in Benld, 111. He has three children:Dominic Jr., Madelyn, and Ann Lee.Alfred J. Stawarz is a Chicago businessman. He has two children: Sandra, 11; andJames, 6.(To be continued)1923The Broadcasting-Telecasting Magazinebrings news of Richard C, Francis, vicepresident and manager of the Pacific Coastoperation of Campbell-Ewald Co. He hasserved with the company for 25 years, POND LETTER SERVICEEverything in LettersHtavei Typtwrltlif MlmeefraphlniMultigraphlm AddreulniAddrettograph 8*nrltt MailingHighest Quality 8«rvl«« Minimum PrlMiAll Phones: 219 W. 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It isstimulating work and if you likepeople, you will be fascinated bythe new insight you will get intopeople's reactions on almost anysubject.OUR organization, well established and one of the mosthighly respected in the field, employs women of the highest integrity for this purpose. Assignmentsoccur infrequently and are strictlynon-selling. When you write,please tell us primarily about youreducation and your activities.S-D SURVEYS, INC.30 Rockefeller PlazaNew York 20, New YorkIN CHICAGO area, address333 N. Michigan orPhone DEarborn 2-0830.RESULTS .. .depend on getting the details RICH!PRINTINGImprinting-Processed Letters - TypewritingAddressing- Folding - MailingA Complete Service for Direct AdaertitereChicago Addressing Company722 So. Dearborn St., Chicago S, III.WAbask 2-1881 and is among those whose work has beenhonored recently by that firm.Francis is described as the informaltype of executive, whose job covers arange of creative assignments and agencychores, and whose ambition is to keep theagency client happy. He serves as a member of the agency's national radio andtelevision board.His creative interests also find expressionin poetry and light verse. His work hasappeared in many national magazines andnewspapers. He is currently working on acollection of verse to be entitled, "RhymeDoesn't Pay." Secret ambition is to writelyrics for a musical show.Mr. Francis, with his wife and 11 -yearold daughter, Ellen, make their home inPacific Palisades. They have a marrieddaughter, Nancy.An award "for his pioneering work inimproving human relations through education" was presented to Howard E. Wilson, '23, AM '27, at a formal dinner givenat the Waldorf Astoria in New York Citylast fall, by Benson Ford, who was installedas the Protestant co-chairman of the National Conference of Christians and Jews.The award was a tribute to Dr. Wilson'seducational leadership at the HarvardGraduate School of Education, in textbook studies, in UNESCO and in the U.S.National Commission for UNESCO, in theCarnegie Endowment for InternationalPeace (of which he serves as executive associate), as former chairman of the Commission on Educational Organizations ofthe National Conference of Christians andJews, and as chairman of the Commissionon Education of the World BrotherhoodOrganization.1927Leona Ruth Auld, AM, is a Junior HighSchool supervisor at Wisconsin State College in Eau Claire.Kurt F. Leidecker, Ph D, Professor ofPhilosophy at the University of Virginia,is in India for the year 1951-52 on a Fulbright fellowship.Joseph Pois, AM, PhD '29, is financedirector for the State of Illinois, and alsovice president and treasurer of the SignodeSteel Strapping Co., in Chicago.James T. Russell, AM, PhD '31, is incharge of test development for the NewYork Civil Service Commission in Albany.1929Winifred D. Broderick is teaching atAhrens Trade High School in Louisville,Ky. He taught this past summer at Nazareth College in Louisville and has also beenworking in social studies workshops thepast two summers.Julian H. Levi. JD '31, is president ofthe Reynolds Printasign Co. in Chicago.1930Janet MacDonald, AM, PhD '39, is Virginia State president of the American Association of University Women. She is anassociate professor of history and chairman of the division of social science atHollins College.Mary Herzog Statham, AM '46, has accepted a position as caseworker with theLos Angeles County Adoption Bureau. Sheis also enjoying her membership in oneof the adult choruses of the Los AngelesCity Music Bureau.1931Donald Dalton, Washington attorney andformer newspaper man, has been reap- DONALD DALTONpointed to teach the course in public relations at Southeasten University.Donald is Washington counsel and member of the board of Save the Children federation, an international group for aidingthe children of Korea. He lives with hiswife and three children, Doris, 8; Donald,3; and Diana, 2, in Chevy Chase, Md.Nathaniel B. Guyol, SM '36, is a statistician with the United Nations in New YorkCity.1932The twentieth Reunion of the Class of'32 is set for June 6, 1952, and thus far,71 nostalgic graduates have indicated aninterest in, or a definite plan for being onhand to renew old acquaintances andcheck up on their Alma Mater.Ruth Abells Douglas, SM '35, writesthat "we opened the Vermont Shop onroute 7 near Arlington, Vt., last April.We sell maple products, cheese, wooden-ware, crafts and gifts. Our daughter, Dorothy Ann, was born May 13, 1951, onMother's Day."* Fred G. Adams, MBA '51, lives inLaGrange, Illinois with his wife, AliceBaenziger, '33, and two children, George,13, and Carol, 9. Fred is assistant salesmanager for the Visking Corporation inChicago.* Paul M. Adler is with Sears, Roebuck& Co. in Chicago. He has a daughter, Margot, 10, and a son, Paul James, three.* Anthony Alic is with the Ford MotorCompany in Detroit.Gordon Allen is a contact man for DalyInsurance Agency in Denver. Lynne is 7;Kathryn, 6; and David 3. Reunion? "Doubtif I can make it."J. William Anderson, AM '35, teachesAmerican history at Maine High School inPark Ridge, Illinois. In 1948-49 he spent 18months in the Philippines.* Florence Andrews Bottari is a probation officer in the San Francisco JuvenileCourt. Her daughter, Toni Ann, is now 11years old.Ruth Balch has "a wonderfully goodjob at the Department of the InteriorLibrary (Washington, D. C.) Am also librarian of the Theosophical Society (voluntary work.)"* Leona M. Baldwin is a classroomteacher at Kalamazoo, Michigan.* Jacob Beederman is in the real estateand insurance business ' in Chicago.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE* Cornelia Berry (Mrs. J. H. Lasley)j^L '44, is a high school teacher ofmathematics in Tacoma, Wash. She informsus that she was the first Negro teacher inthe public schools in the state of Washington.* Ethel Bierman is assistant supervisor0f the U.S. Army regional accounts office, Department of Defense, in Chicago.Yvonne Blue Skinner is living in Cambridge, Mass., where her husband is professor of psychology at Harvard. Theyhave two children: Julie, 13; and Debbie, 7.* Sarah Bogot is an elementary schoolteacher in Chicago. She has been quiteactive in Hadassah, having served as president for three terms of a MetropolitanBusiness and Professional Group in Chicago.Arthur O. Borg is living in Salt LakeCity, and is working for the ColoradoCredit Life Insurance Co.Maryfrancis Brennan and her husband,Jack" E. Appel live in Chicago where heis supervisor of safety with CommonwealthEdison. In the family are Lynne, nearlysix, and twins, Jackie and Jill, approaching three.* Sarah Jane Brittenham is a retiredChicago teacher, now living in LongBeach, Calif., where she and her brotherhave bought a home. She is active inseveral women's clubs and has taken upoil painting and ceramics.* Abraham M. Cherner, MD '37, is aradiologist in Hays, Kansas, and says that"there is nothing like the wide openspaces!" The Cherner family, which includes three children, recently moved intoa new home.* Julia Cibulka Krupka is busy raisingJohn, 4, and Miles, 3. Her husband is aphysician and surgeon in Berwyn, 111.* Paul F. Coe is a housing economistwith the FHA, in Arlington, Va. He hasthree daughters: Lynn, 13; Jean, 9; andLaura, 6.Dorothy Cohen Frank is a Los Angeleshousewife with two children: Justy, Jr., 8;and Ellen, 5. Her husband, Justin Frank,SB '28, MD '33, practices in Beverly Hills.* Robert C. Colwell is with the, loanguaranty service of the Veterans Administration in Washington, JD. C.* Louise Conner Carlson is living inHinsdale, 111. Her husband is an engineerwith the Illinois Bell Telephone Co.They have two children: Cliff, 13; andAdele, 10.Barbara Cook Dunbar writes fromGeneva, 111., that her husband's businessis manufacturing— with the Dunbar, Kap-ple Co., Inc., and that they have threesons: Timothy, 8; Geoffrey, 5; and Scott, 3.Paul D. Cooper, Major in the U.S. Army,has just completed three years with theArmy of Occupation in Yokohama, Japan.He has two daughters: Priscilla, 12; andLynne, 8.* Phyllis D. Copland (Mrs. Sidney Morns) is a Chicago housewife with threechildren: Mildred, 13; Dorothy, 8; andDavid, 4. Her husband is a salesman ofplastic ^dishes.Cordelia Crout Stephens is a housewifein Springfield, 111., raising four children:three boys, 14, 11, and 6; and one girl, 8.Woodrow W. Dagneau, AM '34, is agroup representative of the Hardware Mu-tuals Insurance Co., in Glendale, Calif.f Lloyd J. Davidson, AM '34, PhD '47,is on leave from Johns Hopkins University this year to serve as visiting lecturerin English at the University of Washington, in Seattle.* Agatha Degen Reiwitch is a Chicago housewife and her husband, Alvin, '30, isvice-president of the A. Martin RothbardtAdvertising Co., in Chicago. They havethree children: Leslie, 13; Bill, 11; andAnn, 9.* Ellen De Haan is a girls' counselor atFenger High School in Chicago.Carl H. Denbow, SM '34, PhD '37, is aprofessor of mathematics at Ohio University. He has two children: Carl Jon, 6,and Stefania, 4.* Mary Devine Scheid and Carl Scheidare living in Chevy Chase, Md. Carl isassistant director, loan division, NationalProduction Authority, in Washington,D.C.* Thomas L. Dodd, who is regional director of the Illinois State Housing Boardin Eldorado, 111., retired from teachingafter 35 years' service— 31 years in Eldorado Township High School, of which 17were as prinicpal. "For 32 years havebeen an ordained minister, serving fromthree to five rural churches. Still activein that capacity. Have three daughters, twosons, two grandchildren."Forrest S. Drummond, JD '34, is librarian of the Los Angeles County Law Library. He has one son, Forrest Jr., 4.William W. Dyer writes from Paducah,Ky., that he is in the river transportationbusiness. His wife is alumna Julia Igert,'31, and thev have three children: William,15; Judith, i3; and Sarah, 7.Eila Fietze Wandel, AM '33 of SanFrancisco, finds that raising three children:Barbara, 15; Roberta, 12; and Richard, 4keeps her up to her ears in P.T.A. workand she's now president of the JuniorHigh P.T.A. Her husband is a dieselengine machinist. "Would like a reunionbut am afraid I won't be able to attend."* Eleanor Frank (Mrs. Joseph White)is a Chicago housewife. Her husband, Joseph, '27, does market research. They havea son, Joel, almost three.Margaret Gilbert Whitney is a housewife in Louisville, Ky., where her husbandis conductor of the Louisville Orchestra.They have two daughters, ages five andnine.Janet Harris and her husband, LeoWolfson, '28, JD '30, live in Chicagowhere Leo is in the business of manufacturing belts and suspenders. They havetwo boys: Lee, 12; and Jimmy, 8.* Ruth Highland Topps is a high schoolteacher in Chicago. Her husband is a salesman. They have two children: Norman,10; and Margaret, 6.* Margaret Hill Schroeder, a resident ofWTheaton, 111., thinks that a reunion mightbe fun. Her husband is an electrical engineer in Chicago.* Jeanne Hyde Kroesen manages to findtime to do some proofreading along withthe job of raising Deborah Ann, 2. Herhusband, Harry Kroesen, '33, is a coffee, jobber.* Sara Karl (Mrs. Donald Felsher hastwo daughters: Myra, 9, and Martha, 5.Her husband is a furniture salesman inChicago.Marjorie Keenleyside is a librarian atRoosevelt College in Chicago. She writesthat before she finished her PhD work inthe Graduate Library School she "fell" inlove with Spanish" and is now pursuing anAM in Spanish at the U. of C. She hasspent her last three summers in Guatemala, where she is Dean of Women inthe summer school of the University ofSan Carlos.Beulah L. Kemp is a high school teacherin Chicago.* Robert C. Klove, SM '37, PhD '42, isassistant chief of the geography division, BOYDSTON BROS., INC.operatingAuthorized Ambulance ServiceFor Billings HospitalOfficial Ambulance Service forThe University of ChicagoOAkland 4-0492Trained and licensed attendantsW. B. Conkey Co.Division ofRand M9Nally & Companymim ^><k>6 and (fafaioy,CHICAGO • HAMMOND • NEW YORKSince 1885ALBERTTeachers" AgencyThe best in placement service for University,College, Secondary and Elementary. Nationwide patronage. Call or write us at25 E. Jackson Blvd.Chicago 4, IllinoisTelephone KEnwood 6-1352J. E. KIDWELL FhrTi826 East Forty-seventh StreetChicago 15, IllinoisJAMES E. KIDWELLTREMONTAUTO SALES CORP.Direct Factory DealerforCHRYSLER and PLYMOUTHNEW CARS6040 Cottage GroveMUseum 4-4500A/soGuaranteed Used Cars andComplete Xutomobi'fe Repair,Body, Paint. Simonize, Washand Greasing DepartmentsJANUARY, 1952 27Ufa*[Swift & Company7409 So. State StreetPhone RAdcliff 3-7400Telephone HAymarket 1-3120E. A. AARON & BROS. Inc.Fresh Fruits and VegetablesDitfributort ofCEDERGREEN FROZEN FRESH FRUITS ANDVEGETABLES46-48 South Water Market^^¦*^^^f»c(ittNce in titcrttcAi moducmrmigleivwel\0T ELECTRICAL SUPPLY CO.DMrlkiHri, Mannlnlurait aid Jibbirs ilELECTRICAL MATERIALSAND FIXTURE SUPPLIES5801 Halsted St. - ENglewood 4-7500TELEVISIONDrop in and see a programRADIOSFrom consoles to portablesRadio-TV ServiceAt home or shopELECTRICAL APPLIANCESRefrigerators * RangesWashers „ BlanketsSPORTING GOODSFor all seasonsRECORDSPopular-SymphoniesFine collection for childrenHERMANS935 E. 55th StreetAt Ingleside AvenueTelephone Midway 3-6700Robert Gaertner, '34 Julian Tishler, '33 Bureau of the Census, in Washington,D. C.Elizabeth Lamb Sheffield is a teacher,and vice-president o£ the Illinois Women'sPress. She has received the Gold Key—the highest award of the Columbia Scholastic Press Association. She has traveled allover the world in the past 15 years. Shehas three children, five grandchildren, andthree great grandchildren.* Gertrude Leitzbach Finney writes fromHumboldt, Kan., that her husband's business is brick and tile manufacture, andthat they have three children: Ona, 15;Judy, 12; and Paul, 7.Wendell A. Lessing is a job analyst withthe Commonwealth Edison Co., in the office of the vice-president in charge ofindustrial relations. He works in Chicago,and resides in Clarendon Hills, 111. He hastwo children: Ann Louise, 11; and Kenneth, 9.Edward F. Lewison is a surgeon at JohnsHopkins hospital in Baltimore.* Alan A. Lieberman, MD '37, is clinicaldirector of the Elgin (111.) State Hospital.He has three sons, "all future alumni":Richard, 7; David, 4: Lawrence, 1.Cecelia Listing Corbett, JD '34, andher husband, Stanley Corbett, '31, who is alawyer, live in Sioux City, Iowa. They havetwo children: Charles, 4; and PatriciaKay, 1.Jane S. Loewenthal, AM '43, (Mrs. Richard Lewy) is a medical social worker aswell as a home-maker with two children:Peter, 12, and Jeffrey, 9. Her husband iscomptroller for the Central Steel andWire Co., in Chicago, and their residence is Glencoe, 111.* Donald C. Lowrie, PhD '42, is an associate professor of biological sciences atthe University of Idaho. He spent lastsummer as ranger-naturalist at CraterLake National Park in Oregon. He hasa daughter, Patricia Ann, 15.Edna Ballard Mack, AM '47, is actinglibrarian in the Ann Arbor (Mich.) highschool. Her husband is on the faculty ofthe English department of the EngineeringSchool of the University of Michigan.* Joseph L. Mack, JD '34, is a lawyer inChicago.Franklin C. MacKnight is chief geologist with the Yingling Oil Operations inEvansville, Ind. He has a daughter, Kay,age 5.* Abraham W. Marcovich, MD '37, is aphysician and radiologist in Dayton, Ohio.He has two children.Violet E. Mau is principal of the JahnSchool in Chicago.* Natalie Melamerson Bayer and herhusband, George Bayer, '33, are bothmathematics teachers in Chicago highschools. They have two children; Judy, 14;and Douglas, 7. They vote "yes" for areunion.Elizabeth Merriam Schmidt, AM '35,has two sons: Roger, 9; and Brian, 6. Herhusband, Orvis, '36, is with the loan department of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in Washington,D. C.Hubert C. Merrick, JD '34, is a lawyer and partner in the Chicago firm ofKlohr and Merrick. His wife is Savilla Bol-singer, '31. They have four children:Carole, 12; Stephen, 10; Priscilla, 7; andMarcia, 6.James R. Meyer is a realtor in SanLeandro, Calif. He has three children:James, 14; Mary, 6; and Andrew, 4 months.* A. H. Miller, Sr., of Oak Park, 111.,is a retired teacher. He writes that hewill be 88 years old on January 23, 1952. Sophie Miller Reiffel is principal of theHibbard School in Chicago. Her son, Leonard, is supervisor of nucleonics at theArmour Research Foundation.* Dorothy R. Mohr, AM '33, is a professor of physical education at the University of Maryland and a "proud owner ofhouse and dog for the first time."Marian Morse Valerio is a teacher inChicago. Her husband is an electrical engineer. They have a son, Joseph, Jr., 4.Lucille Moynihan, who is a teacher inChicago, writes that she doesn't knowmany of her classmates as she attendedthe downtown college and worked her waythrough. The twentieth reunion wouldbe just the place to get to know someof those classmates.* Grace H. Myers (Mrs. John Krueger)is a housewife in Birmingham, Ala., whereher husband is office manager of theKoppers' Co.Irven Naiman is a research physicistwith the Hughes Aircraft Co., in CulverCity. Calif. He has two daughters: Ingrid,9; and Heidi, 7.Clifford B. Newton is a field auditorfor the City of Chicago.Alice Palmer Pratt, SH '37, is a physician, living in Grosse Point, Mich. Herhusband is a surgeon, and they have twodaughters: Lawrie, 10, who "loves tofigure skate"; and Janie, 8, who "loveshorses." Mrs. Pratt writes that she is"practicing medicine in full force andhaving great fun with the project of ahome and two lovely daughters, all ofwhich my husband and I manage jointly."Viola L. Peterson is a teacher in Ciiicago.COL. ARTHUR PIEPKORNChaplain (Col.) Arthur C. Piepkorn,PhD, left Army service last November toaccept a chair as professor of SystematicTheology at Concordia Theological Seminary, St. Louis, Mo. He is a veteran of 11years active Army duty.John C. Pletz, AM '38, is chairman,Department of Humanities, Wright Jr.College in Chicago. His wife is DoraTaylor, '33, and they have two children:Joan, 12; and John III, 7.Adeline Polayes Dvorkin is a Chicagohousewife; her husband is a lawyer. Theyhave two children: Daniel, 13; and Susan,6.Carl Pomerance, JD '33, is a lawyer inChicago. He has two children.28 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE# John' Post, MD '37, is a physicianwhose residence is in Winnetka, 111.* Harold Press writes of two businesses:as proprietor of a cigarette service inWhiting, Ind., and president of the Hal-ber Corp., in Chicago. He is married andhas one child, 10.* William A. Quintan, JD '33, is a lawyer in Washington, D. C. and the fatherof three sons: William Jr., 13; John, 10; andMichael, 8.* Sylvia Reinhold Leeser writes thather husband is in the real estate businessin Topeka, Kan. They have two children:Michael, 16; and Jacqueline, 5. Says she'dlike a reunion, but probably can't attend.* Elizabeth Rogers Strawn is living inDeLand, Fla., where her husband is acitrus grower and packer of Bob WhiteFlorida oranges. They have two children:Marilyn, 13, who wants to be a veterinarian; and Sylvia, 11, who intends to owna motor court and be a landscape architect.* Henry L. Rohs is the manager of theKalamazoo, Mich., plant of the AmericanCyanamid Co.* Paul E. Ross, MD '37, is a pathologist at three hospitals in La Salle County,111. He is the 1951 chairman of the Ottawa U. of C. alumni group. He has threechildren: Paul, 11; Charles, 5; Richard, 1;five cats and two dogs.Florence Ruch Meuntzer is a Chicagohousewife with three children: Marlene,14; Ralph, 11; and Paul, 9.Loretta A. Ryan is a teacher of sight-saving class in Marshall High School,Chicago.Joseph T. Salek is director of the SanAntonio, Texas, Little Theatre.* Edith Fischer Savit t is a Chicago housewife with two children, and her main outside activity is the Michiana Shores DayCamp. Her husband, Harold, '31, is anewspaper distributor.Helen Schmidt reports that after manyyears as a teacher in Chicago high schools,she has entered the business world, andfinds the change "most enjoyable." However, she's afraid that her working hourswill prevent her attending a reunion.* Lawrence J. Schmidt is director of industrial and public relations of the Greenlee Bros, and Co., in Rockford, 111. Hiswife, Felice Barrett, '29, has xbeen theRockford alumni chairman for the pastthree years. They have three children:Peter, in high school; Norma, in juniorhigh; and a son who was five years oldlast Christmas.* Ruth E. Schoneman is a librarian atthe Art Institute of Chicago. She has anapartment in a cooperative building andis finding that, among other things, itmeans cooperating on a garden. "Ourmarigolds, snapdragons, and asters flourish."Oscar T. Schultz is a physicist at theNaval Ordnance Laboratory in White Oak,Md. He has two children: Carl, 8; andEvelyn, 2.Allen L. Shank is warden at the FederalCorrectional Institution in Danbury, Conn.He has three grown children.* Lucille Sharff Landauer is a home-maker in jCulver City, Calif., where herhusband is manager of an automobile salescompany. They have a son, 8. She writesthat she has not been back to Chicagosince 1941, but anticipates a trip to theMiddle West (and the reunion, it is hoped)next summer.James R. Sharp, JD '34, is an attorneyin Washington, D. C. He is president ofthe U. of C. alumni group and it's keepinghim busy. "Law practice keeps me intouch with many alumni here, and thereare about 1500 of them in Washington." * Harry Shernoff is practicing law and isalso owner of the Crivitz (Wise.) Rexalldrug store. He is president of Crivitz LionsClub and the P. T. A. He has threechildren: Roberta, 16; William, 13; andMyrna, 8.Joseph R. Sherry is merchandise manager of the Kroger Co., in Cincinnati. Hehas three children: James, 12; Donna Sue,7; and Tommy, 3.* Thelma Sims Ford, AM '49, is teaching school in Chicago.* Marie J. Slepicka is a high schoolteacher in Downers Grove, 111.* Stoddard J. Small is vice-president ofthe Moline (111.) Iron Works which manufactures malleable iron castings and hardware specialties. He has four children:John, 6; George, 4; Robert, 2; and Susan, 1.* Cora E. Smart is a retired schoolteacher, living in Hinsdale, 111., and enjoying life in her new home.Erika N. Smith is a medical secretaryat Presbyterian Hospital in Chicago.Donald Snow, SM '35, is a pharmaceutical chemist in Boulder, Colo. He has fourchildren: Sandra, 19; Kennedy, 17, Peter,15; and Temperance, 8 months.* Viola R. Soderstrom (Mrs. Stanley K.)is principal of the Orr School in Chicago.Her husband is a sheet metal estimator.Their two daughters, Betty SoderstromMcHei, and Shirley Soderstrom Greene,are both U. of C. alumnae. They also havea son, Jack.* Dorothy Solomon Seidman is a housewife in Plainfield, N. J., where her husband is a pediatrician. They have twochildren: Beth Ann, 8; and Edward, 4.Frances Stone Fash lives in WesternSprings, 111., where her husband, Ira, '38,is in market research. They have a son, 15,and a daughter, 13.Neva Streator Davis is a Chicago highschool teacher.Emrick Swanson is an accountant withthe Belt Publishers Inc., in Chicago. Hehas two children: Sandra, 9; and Joann, 5.* Lillian Teplitz Udelson is a Chicagohigh school teacher. Her husband is acredit manager. They have two children:a girl, 4; and a boy, 8.Elaine Thomas, SM '37, MD '37, is a physician with the Milwaukee Health Department.* Julia Ruth Titterington (Mrs. MelvinLindberg) is a housewife and elementaryschool teacher in Naperville, 111. Her husband is an electrical engineer. They havetwo boys: M. Stanley, Jr., 11; and Frank, 7.* Peter Todhunter, JD '37 has his ownlaw firm in Chicago. He has two children:Susan, 5; and Ralph, 3.* Flora Toigo is a social worker in Benld,111.* Florence A. Tredennick is teachingmathematics and science in elementaryschool in Oak Park, 111.Robert Tschaegle, AM '37, is a bankteller in Indianapolis, Ind.* Natalia A. Tupikova is a research associate in biochemistry, University of Chicago department of medicine.* "Reuben Turner is a member of theTurner and Levandoshi General InsuranceCo., in Grand Rapids, Mich. He has threechildren: Ina, 14; Carole, 11; and Stephen,6.Mildrerd Urbanek Shotola is now livingin South Bend, Ind., where her husbandis sales manager of the Torrington Co.,Bantam Division. They have two daughters: Joan, 16; and Susan, 10.* June Venton Magos is a Wilmette (111.)housewife, and mother of two growing-updaughters: Alice, 16; and Diana, 13: both CLASSIFIED(30c per line)RETIRING to sunny Florida? For a home ofdistinction in a beautiful city of lakes nearRollins College, settle in Orlando or WinterPark. See or write a U. of C. alumna, EdnaM. Feltges, with McNutt-Heasley, Realtors, 15W. Washington St., Orlando, Florida.Wasson-PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phone: BUtterfield 8-2116-7.8-9Wasion'i Coal Molcei Good — or —Watson DoesBOYDSTON BROS., INC.UNDERTAKERSSince 18924227-29-31 Cottage Grove Ave.OAkland 4-0492LEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: HYde Park 3-9 1 00- 1 t2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERBIRCK-FELLINGER CORP.ExclusiveCleaners & Dyers200 E. Marquette RoadPhone: WEntworth 6-5380Phone: SAginaw 1-3202FRANK CURRANRoofing & InsulationLeake RepairedFree EstimatesFRANK CURRAN ROOFING CO.7711 Luella Ave.| 2801 W. 47TH ST., CHICAGO. IJANUARY, 1952 29CLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency70th YearNationwide ServiceFive Offices — One Fee64 E. Jackson Blvd.. ChicagoMinneapolis — Kansas City- Mo.Spokane — N.w YorkAMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. JACKSON BOULEVARDCHICA60A Bureau of Placement which limits Itswork to the university and college Held.It Is affiliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organisationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.Our service Is nation-wide.TKLIPIIONK TAllor B-54B8O'CALLAGHAN BROS.PLUMBING CONTRACTORS21 SOUTH GREEN ST.GEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street KEdzie 3-3186HYLAND A. NOLANPLASTERING. BRICKandCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. Lake Park Ave.Telephone DOrcheiter 3-1579TuckerDecorating Service1360 East 70th StreetPhone Midway 3-5200RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING & DECORATING1331 TelephoneW. Jackson Blvd. MOnro* 6-3192 of whom are in New Trier High School.Her husband, John P. Magos, '38, MBA'50, who is director of engineering of theCrane Co., Chicago, has been on campusrecently for the Executive's Course.* Blanche Vodvarka, AM '40, (Mrs. Benjamin Winkler) is a teacher and principalof an elementary school in Wayzata, Minn.,and she confesses that she can't get usedto the long, cold winter. Her husband isin the furniture business.* Robert E. Walsh is with the Continental Foundry and Machine Co., in EastChicago, Ind. He has four children: twogirls and two boys.* Charlotte Weinreb is now a resident ofSanta Monica, Calif. She is the grandmother of six children. "Have not missedone Sunday morning hearing the RoundTable discussion. If possible, I would liketo attend the reunion."Fernlee Weinreb Brownstein is a housewife in Santa Monica, Calif., where herhusband is a psychiatrist. "My mother,Charlotte Weinreb, '32, and I graduatedtogether and now live together. I havefour children: 16, 12, 3, 1."Charles E. Weir is a physicist, doingresearch work at the National Bureau ofStandards in Washington, D. C.* Seymour Weisberg, MD '37, is a physician in Chicago. He has a son, Gerald, 1.Leon Werch is director of research forthe Research Council for Economic Security, in Chicago. He has a daughter sevenmonths old.GUbert White, SM '34, PhD '42, teachesgeography at Havcrford College in Pennsylvania.Lee Roy Wilcox, SM '33, PhD '35, is associate professor of mathematics at IllinoisInstitute of Technology in Chicago. Hehas served since 1948 as consulting editorfor International Textbook Co., developinga mathematics series. He is co-author ofthe book. THE ANATOMY OF MATHEMATICS, Ronald Press, 1950. He has twochildren: Robert, 6; and Jean Marie, fourmonths.* Phyllis L. Williams (Mrs. Harold Frost)is a homemaker in Ontario, Calif., withtwo daughters: Nancy, 6; and Roberta, 9.Her husband is with the Pomona Tile Co.* Paul H. Willis is general advertisingmanager of the Carnation Co., in LosAngeles. He has three children: Carolyn,12; Patricia, 6; and Paul, 2. "I'll try toattend the reunion."* Nathan Wolfberg, JD '34, is a lawyerin Chicago.(To be continued)1933James C. Beane is chief auditor for thePeerless Casualty Co., Keene, N. H.Ruth M. Hahl received a bachelor oflaws degree in June from St. John's University, Brooklyn, New York.Velma D. Whipple is teaching in theAlbuquerque public schools, and is chairman of a committee working on a sciencecourse of study for the elementary schools.She writes that she still has "Cougar,Pooh and Eeyore, the Palomino coffee-hounds." Her extracurricular activities include "entertaining refugees from Illinois."Francis C. Todd, PhD, has been namedsupervisor of a newly formed division ofelectronic physics at Battelle Institute, Columbus, Ohio.A member of the Battelle staff since 1942,Dr. Todd has been associated with muchof the Institute's recent work on electronicmechanism, including studies of improved-cathodes for magnetrons, improved voltaseregulator tubes, electronic power controls, and electronic control and inspectionmechanisms.FRANCIS TODD1934Harry G. Thode, PhD, was elected president of the Chemical Institute of Canadaat the annual meeting of the Institute inWinnepeg last June.Dr. Thode is one of Canada's outstanding nuclear scientists. He is principal ofHamilton College of McMaster University,head of the University's department ofchemistry, and also a director of research.The Thodes raise boys— John, 12; Pat-trick, 9; and Richard, 5; and cattle ontheir farm near Lake Erie.Milton Wineberg has been appointedan instructor in English at Illinois Institute of Technology for the year 1951-52.1935Frank D. Bryan is comptroller for theGreat Lakes Screw Corp., in Chicago.1936James C. Stauffacher, PhD, is chief clinical psychologist at the Veterans Administration Hospital in American Lake, Wash.1937James F. Bernard reports the birth oftheir second daughter, Margaret, bornlast August 24. James is now sales manager,Plastics Division, The Visking Corp., TerreHaute, Ind.1938LaVerne A. Riess (Mrs. Robert Focller)designs book jackets for a New York firm.She and her husband live in Toledo, whereMr. Foeller is planning director of theToledo-Lucas County Plan Commission.1939Bernard L. Horecker, PhD, will receive$1,000 Paul-Lewis Laboratories award inenzyme chemistry next spring. Bernard isworking with the National Institute ofHealth, Bethesda, Md.1941William E. Froemming, MD '43, «asrecalled to Army service, and is a urologistat the U. S. Army hospital in Ft. Jackson,S. C.Robert H. Pearson, MBA, was electedpresident of the Connecticut Junior Chamber of Commerce at the annual conventionlast May.30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1942A baby boy, John Delos Crawford, arrived on September 14 in the home ofJohn A., SM '48, and Lorraine GoldenCrawford, '42.1943Robert S. Burgess, AM, is executive secretary of the Rhode Island Heart Association, Inc., in Providence. Previous to hispresent position, he was consultant inpolicies and procedures in the Division ofPublic Assistance, R.I. Department of SocialWelfare.Freda Fineberg was married last Juneto David Zimmerman. The couple lives inBrighton, Mass.David T. Petty, MD, is back at his general surgery residency at the VA Hospitalin Hines, 111., following a year's active dutywith the Navy.Richard C. Reed, JD '48, writes from Bel-levue, Wash., of a "new partnership, newdaughter, and new home." Last April hejoined the Seattle law firm of Brethorst,Fowler, Dewar, Bateman and Reed. In Julyhe and his wife adopted a baby, FaithStephanie.Marshall W. Wiley, JD '48, MBA '49, is astaff associate with the Ford FoundationFund for the Advancement of Education,in New York City, and is also working onhis PhD in philosophy at Columbia University.1945Dolores La Caro Bishop, '48, is chief ofthe medical social workers at the MemphisTuberculosis Hospital.David Sparks, AM, PhD '51, is an assistant professor of history at the Universityof Maryland.1946Evelyn Freeman Johnson's daughter,Evelyn Anita, was a year old on October1. Mrs. Johnson and her husband, Glenn,are both recent members of the ChicagoBar Association.Nicholas Gordon ('46) and his wife,Gladys Sack ('47) announce the birth ofa daughter, Catherine Hulbert (71), bornon Oct. 12.John W. Hanni, MD, is a doctor at theJasksonville (Fla.) Naval Training base.Willie Holdsworth is employed by theextension division of the University ofTexas in field service and research.Charles Kahn, AM '49, is back from twoyears at the Sorbonne with his Parisianbride, Denise, and is studying now atColumbia.1947Richard K. Blaisdell, MD, a captain inthe Army, is stationed at the MedicalField Service School, Fort Sam Houston,Texas.Arthur E. Church, Jr., is an associateeditor with the Standard Education Societyin Chicago.John P. Gallagher, MBA, has been admitted to the partnership of Booz, Allenand Hamilton as the management consulting firm tnters its 38th year. He will continue to make his headquarters in thefirm's Chicago office.Royal J. Schmidt, AM, is completing hisfourth year as assistant professor of history and political science at Elmhurst-College in Illinois. "My avocation is musicand I have been a baritone soloist with theFirst Congregational Church of Oak Parkfor several years."Arwed K. Sommer is an accountant withthe Quaker Oats Co., in Chicago. Robert B. Parks received his PhD degree last June from the University ofDenver, Colorado.Wilbert C. Weigel, MBA '49, reports thebirth of a daughter, Anne Therese, lastJuly 23.Robert J. Wolfson, AM '50, is now withthe Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan.1948James B. Enochs, PhD, has assumed thepost, newly created by the California statelegislature, as specialist in state college curriculum. He will help the ten Californiastate colleges to develop curriculum in theprofessional areas with which the state colleges are to be concerned.Greetings from the Gills"It is so much fun to read in theMagazine of the whereabouts ofour friends and classmates that itoccurred to us we had not writtenabout ourselves."We have bought a house in Ale-meda, near the naval air station herewhere John is stationed as a flightsurgeon. He is with UR2— the squadron that runs the Mara flying-boatsbetween here and Honolulu."We have two children now: Susie,2, and Marilyn, 4 months."After our making a tour of thecountry this last year, starting fromDallas, then to San Diego, on toPensacola and now back to California, it feels good to settle down forawhile."We wish all our friends the bestof luck, and hope that at least someof our paths will cross again someday."John, MD '49, and Gale(Scribner) Gill, '48.Alex Gottfried, AM, is doing research inpolitical science this year, on a Ford Foundation fellowship. He is on leave of absence from the University of Washington.Wife Sue Davidson, AM '49, is workingon a novel.Rona Green Nordstrom is a case workerwith the Cook County department of public welfare and husband Richard, '48, isworking in the advertising department ofJoseph T. Ryerson 8c Sons.Courtney B. Lawson, AM, is an instructorin English at Wayne University.Wilma F. Lux, AM, is an instructor inthe social sciences at Wisconsin StateTeachers College in LaCrosse.John P. Mai Ian, AM, has been appointedan instructor in Soviet Union in the evening school of business of NortheasternUniversity, in Boston, while he is alsoworking on his PhD at Harvard.Natalie Margolin, MBA '50, was marriedJuly 8 to Jay Rome of Fitchburg, Mass., inBoston. The couple are living in Selma,Ala., where he is associated with the Independent Lock Co. Natalie had previouslybeen doing market research work for Ken-yon and Eckhart in New York City.Suzanna W. Miles, AM, is an anthropologist at the Peabody Museum, HarvardUniversity.George C. Warren, Jr., AM, a lieutenant colonel in the U. S. Army, is studyingJapanese at the Army Language School inMonterey, Calif. PARKER-HOLSMAN — ¦ ¦ nn ¦ k — ¦ I C P™ PANReal Estate and Insurance1500 East 571b Street Hyde Park 3-2525COLONIAL RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone HYde Park 3-6324lunches: 45c up; Dinners: $I.25-$2.25PENDERCetch Basin and Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sumps-Pumps6620 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUEFAIrfU 4-OlilPENDER CATCH BASIN SERVICESUPERFLUOUS HAIRREMOVED FOREVERMultiple 20 platinum needlei can be used.Permanent removal of hair from face, eyebrows, back of neck, or any part of body;also facial veins, moles, and warts.Men and WemenLOTTIE A. METCALFEELECTROLYSIS EXPERT20 years' experienceAlsoGraduate NurseSuite 1705. Stevens Building17 N. State StreetTelephone FRanklin 2-4885FREE CONSULTATIONLOWER YOUR COSTSWAGE INCENTIVESEMPLOYEE TRAININGPERSONNEL PROCEDURESIMPROVED METHODSJOB EVALUATIONROBERT B. SHAPIRO '33, DIRECTORJANUARY, 1952 31C^xcludiue L^leanerdWe operate our own drycleaning plantTHREE HOUR SERVICE1331 East 57ih St. 5319 Hyde Park Blvd.Midway 3-0602 'NOrmal 7-9858Office & Plant1442 East 57th Street Midway 3-0608Ajax Waste Paper Co.1001 W. North Ave.Buyers of Waste Paper500 pounds or moreScrap Metal and IronFor Prompt Service CallMr. D. ShedrolT, CR 7-2668BEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO.24-HOUR SERVICELICENSED - BONDEDINSUREDQUALIFIED WELDERSHAymarket 1-79171404-08 S. Western At*., ChicagoGolden Dirilyte(.formtrly Dirigoli)The Lifetime TablewareSOLID — NOT PLATEDComplete sets and open stockFINE BONE CHINAAynsley, Royal Crown Derby, Spode andOther Famous Makes of Fine China. AlsoCrystal. Table Linen and Gifts.COMPLETE TABLE APPOINTMENTSDingo, Inc.70 E. Jackson Blvd. Chicago 4, III. 1949Lloyd D. Fosdick is a graduate studentin the physics department at Purdue University.James A. Gavan, AM, is a physical anthropologist at the Yerkes laboratory inOrange Park, Fla.E. Donald Kaye was married last June30 to Janet Benson, '48. Donald writes, "1am in the process of completing a year'scourse in Russian (concentrated is an understatement!) at the Army LanguageSchool in Monterey, Calif."Marjorie K. Lane, AM, is an instructorin German and Latin at DePauw University, Greencastle, Ind.Arthur S. Lentz, MBA, is a researchanalyst, Department of Labor, Washington, D. C.Robert Walter, PhD, is now with thechemistry department at Rutgers University.1950Louise J. Chamberlin, '50, is secretaryto the editor of publications at the National Planning Association in Washington.James A. Lessly is a Private in the U. S.Army and is receiving his basic trainingat Schofield Barracks on Oahu Island nearHonolulu.Francs D. Logan, who spent last summerstudying at the Academy of InternationalLaw, at the Hague, entered his first yearin the Law School of the University ofChicago last fall.Hubert Neumann will be graduated inthe spring from the Wharton School ofCommerce and Finance, the University ofPennsylvania.Virginia Pofford Drury, AM, was married on October 6, 1951, to Frank Bowen.The couple is living in Kansas City, Mo.Wilbur L. Porterfield, AM, is doing statewelfare work in Oregon.Jay M. Sawilowsky, pvt. 1st class, hasrecently completed the eight-weeks LeadersCourse at Fort Jackson, S. C.Jean A. Spencer, MD, is a resident inmedicine at Woodlawn Hospital in Chicago.Barbara Sunshine is on the junior administrative staff of the Jewish TheologicalSeminary in New York City.Marilyn E. Talman, AM, is doing editorial work for BUSINESS WEEK magazine.Gregory Votaw, AM, is at Oxford University, England, where he is a student inthe Honours School of Philosophy, Politics,and Economics at Lincoln College. He isalso the executive secretary of the OxfordInternational Committee, an organizationwhich facilitates the exchange of students,especially among the various countries ofEurope.William B. Wright, Jr., SM, is a chemist with the Union Carbide and CarbonCorp., at Oak Ridge, Tenn. i t tentorialPhones OAkland 4-0690—4-0691—4-0692.The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.INC.Awninat and Canopies for AH Purpoeee4508 Cottage Grove Avenue We have just learned of the death ofLucy Hammons, *99, (Mrs. F. W. Schacht),which occured last spring. She was livingin Grand Haven, Michigan, where shehad retired from teaching.Harry Milton, '04, died October 27, 1951,in Evanston Hospital. Before his retirement 20 years ago, he was vice presidentof Pearson, Taft & Co., in Chicago.William Alvah Parks, '06, Rush MD '09,died October 11, 1951.Hayden B. Harris, who took work atthe University around 1907, former Chicagobanker, died last October in Baker Pavilion, New York Hospital, of a virus infection contracted last spring.Miles Collins, JD '09, of Davenport,Iowa, died August 27, 1951. For manyyears he combined an active law practicewith extensive real estate dealings.Harriet W. Freund (Mr. Frederic Woodward), who took work at the Universityaround 1910, died at Billings MemorialHospital October 9, 1951.Charles F. Grey II, 'II, died on October12, 1951. He was manager of the LambertTree Estate and a member of an Evanston family which has served the University for three generations. Mr. Grey hadreceived an alumni citation last year for hispublic service.Nicholas Dykstra, Jr., MD '19, died lastSeptember.Florence R. Siebert, "22, SM '24, (Mrs.William Rasch) died on January 9, 1950.Mary Hess Pett, '23, died October 15,in her Christmas Lake, Minn., home.Walter N. Brinkman, '24, died on November 24, 1951. He was chairman of theindustrial arts department in the OakPark-River Forest High School, and Iraclserved on that teaching staff since 1923.He is survived by his widow, Evalyn Brink-man, '29, SM '41, who is a member of thecabinet of the Alumni Association andassociate professor of home economics atIllinois Institute of Technology.Edith Lucy Cooley, '24, (Mrs. Joseph L.Stickney) died on October 21, 1951, inIndianapolis. Born in 1869, Mrs. Stickneybegan her studies at the University in1898, but interrupted her academic careerto marry and raise a family, returning in1924 to complete her degree. She had livedin Indianapolis and Chicago, and for several years wrote for House Beautiful andother publications.Arthur M. Rabinovitz, '27, died after aheart attack on October 20, 1951. A teacher of English for 21 years at Tuley HighSchool, he was also principal of the NetTamid Congregation's schools here in Chicago.H. Hewell Roseberry, SM '31, chairmanof the Physics Department at Ohio University and member of the University facultysince 1937, died on October 26, 1951, of acerebral hemorrhage.John C. Dinsmore, "33, died last September of poliomyelitis at Army and NavyHospital in Hot Springs, Ark. He was aLt. Col. in the Army.Emma Caster, '38, died on August 271951, in Oak Park, 111.'32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEOn the job!Our volunteer speakers are saving thousands oflives today ... in factories and business offices ... atneighborhood and civic centers ... at social, fraternal and service group meetings all over this land... by showing people what they can do to protectthemselves and their families against death fromcancer.In laboratories and hospitals, from coast to coast,our volunteer dollars are supporting hundreds of research and clinical projects that will save countless more lives tomorrow.To find out what you yourself can do about cancer,or if you want us to arrange a special educationalprogram for your neighbors, fellow-workers orfriends, just telephone the American Cancer Societyoffice nearest you or address your letter to "Cancer"in care of your local Post Office. One of our volunteer or staff workers will be on the job to help you.American Cancer Society fFrom the raging heat of this furnace come basic materials for your stainless steelkitchenware, plastic shower curtains, and man-made textilesWhat's cooking in the seething, roaring fire of this electricarc furnace ?The fingers? No! They represent what's doing thecooking.WHITE-HOT INFERNO -In the actual furnace the fingersare giant rods of carbon or graphite, called electrodes, thatcarry the heat-creating electricity. Carbon and graphite arethe only materials that can do this and stand up under theterrific temperatures of 6,000 degrees or more.In carbon arc furnaces, alloy metals used in producingstainless steel are separated from their ores. Similar furnaces are used to make other tough and hard varieties offine steels for automobiles, airplanes and many other familiar products.SERVES YOU MANY WAYS -But steel making is onlyone important way in which carbon and graphite serve you.Motion picture screens are illuminated by the brilliant lightof the carbon arc. Calcium carbide, the source of many UCC's Trade-marked Products oj Alloy s, Carbons, Chemicals, Gases, and Plastics include National Carbons • Acheson Electrodes • ELECTROMET Alloys and Metals • Hayne_s STELLITE AlloysPrest-O-Lite Acetylene • LlNDE Oxygen • PYROFAX Gas • SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALSEvEREADY Flashlights and Batteries • PRESTONE and Trek Anti-Freezes • Bakelite, Krene, and VINYLITE Plasticsmodern plastics, textiles and chemicals is an electric furnace product. Without carbon we wouldn't have dependable, long-life dry batteries for flashlights, radios and hearing aids.WORK OF UCC — Creating carbon and graphite productsfor an almost endless number of uses is one of the manyaccomplishments of the people of Union Carbide.STUDENTS and STUDENT ADVISERSLearn more about the many fields in which UnionCarbide offers career opportunities. Write for thefree illustrated booklet "Products and Processes"which describes the carious activities of UCC in thefields of Alloys, Carboxs. Chemicals, Gases, andPlastics, Ask for booklet N-2.Union CarbideAND CARBON CORPORATION30 EAST 4 2ND STREET QUI NEW YORK 17,