JUNE ••• • • • 1950EDITOR'SMEMO PADReviewed is correct"As a member of the Board of Trusteesof Frances Shimer College I was muchpleased with your announcement of thechanges soon to he instituted there. Butit was rather a shock to read: "The newaffiliation agreement will be reuiued at theend of five years". This would seem toindicate scant optimism of its success dur­ing that period. I am quite sure the copyread "reviewed", rather than "revived",which is a quite different statement. Somechanges in detail will likely be made atthe end of the trial period."The friends of my son, John MathewsJackson, (,29, PhD, Chemistry '31) will beinterested to know that he has so far re­covered from serious injuries received inan automobile accident last June that heplans to attend the national convention ofInstitute of Food Technologists at Edge­water Beach Hotel May 21-25. He is nowAsst. Director of Research, American CanCo., Pacific Division with headquarters inSan Francisco and resides at 359 FranklinSt., San Mateo, Calif."Yours sincerely,Wm. H. Jackson, All '99, JD '07 The curtain fallsHere is the last issue of the Magazineuntil October. We do not publish duringthe summer months.For the editorial staff it has been a farfrom dull year. Guided by a reader sur­vey, we made changes in the format, pub­lished more original articles written forthe Magazine, did a more conscientiouscoverage on College activities, and strainedthe budget with pictures.Reactions were 98 per cent enthusiastic,al though we were startled recently by aletter threatening cancellation of member­ship and University support if we didn'treturn pronto to dignity in heads and arti­cles and if we didn't stop running so manyjuvenile College pictures.It has been a satisfying year in local clubactivities. Meetings over the country werenumerous and record breaking in attend­ance. Among those not yet reported inthese pages were Detroit, where 100 enter­tained and heard President Colwell andchemist Thorfin R. Hogness; and Milwau­kee, with President Colwell and Dr. LowellT. Coggeshall, who spoke before a recordattendance of 100.Philip Lawrence, '40, LL.B '42, new presi­dent of the San Francisco Club, wrote thathis group had entertained Professor JeromeG. Kerwin (Political Science) at a lunch­eon when Jerry was in town recently.Springfield, Illinois. entertained Dean ofStudents Robert M. Strozier on May 25th.Space limitations in this final issue pre­vent listing old and new officers of theseClubs but we'll run a full list in the fall.Have a good summer and we'll see youagain in the fall.At Town Hall Club in New York on April 20 three hundred alumni gathered.for a reception and dinner honoring Distinguished Service Professor HaroldC. Urey and Dean of Students Robert M. Strozier. At the speakers' table:Milford Desenberg, '19, President of Club; Beverly Glenn, '44; Robert M.Strozier, PhD '45; Mrs. Desenberg; Master of Ceremonies Harry Hansen,'09; Marguerite Davy de Grasse, '20; Harold C. Urey; Patricia Davis Bethke,'38; Ellmore C. Patterson, '35; Monna Troub, '44; Robert H. Bethke, '37;and Cyrus LeRoy Baldridge, 'I J. (R. Alegre Photograph) BOOKSON REVIEWCATALOGUES AND COUNTERS:A HISTORY OF SEARS ROEBUCKAND COMPANY. By Boris Emmet andJohn E. Jeuck. M.B.A. '38, Ph.D. '49.The University of Chicago Press, $7.50.This is the first business history pro­duced in the School of Business of theUniversity of Chicago. It is also the firstsuch study financed by the RockefellerFoundation. A supplementary grant to theSchool by Sears Roebuck and Companymade possible the completion of theproject.The authors of this study were wellqualified for their task. John E. Jeuck isassistant professor in the School of Busi­ness and assistant director of its ExecutiveProgram. Mr. Emmett was successively gov­ernment economist, university professorand department-store executive, includingten years as merchandise manager forSears Roebuck and Company. He retiredfrom Sears before beginning work on thishistory. As with other research studiesfinanced by the Rockefeller Foundation, theproject was carried out under the generalsupervision of a faculty committe. Thisconsisted of George H. Brown, Garfield V.Cox, Everett C. Hughes. Neil H. Jacoby(now at the University of California atLos Angeles) , Raleigh W. Stone, and Ches­ter ·W. Wright.The present work represents more thanthree years' research. It has the merit ofa pleasant style which makes readable itsmore than 700 pages. The story beginswith Richard Sears' origin and ends withSears Roebuck's invasion of overseasmarkets.One of the strong elements in this workis the success with which the authors haveprojected Sears Roebuck's policies andprogress against the background of socialand economic trends that have dominatedAmerican life since the 1880's. In the au­thors' own words "This is the studv of theevolut ion of a method of distriIJl{tion-ofthe problems that beset, one mercantileestablishment in its efforts to identify andcultivate a market that was constantlychanging and of the men and methodsemployed to adapt to the shifting bases ofprosperity, in the course of which the busi­ness was itself transformed."In reducing the mass of material withw.h�cll they worked, Emmet and jeuckdivided Sears Roebuck's development intothree periods. each associated with differ­ent problems and each linked with a domi­nant executive. The first major section isentitled "Founding a Mail Order Business,IR86-1908". This was the era in whichRichard Sears, following a well known ideafor selling goods by mail, made of the busi­ness a dramatically successful enterprise.Opposition of country store keepers tothe mail order houses seemed to have in­Cl_-eased in proportion to their prosperity.The opponents used racism and antisemit­ism in their war against the catalog houses.But the main reliance was upon argumentsfor home trade. Opposition reached itsgreatest proportion when the inaugurationof parcel post was an issue ill the UnitedStates.The panic of 1907 left a strong mark onSears Roebuck. It was inadequate work­ing capital that led Sears to invite JuliusRosenwald into the business. The financialpanic of 1907 came just as the Companyhad depleted working capital by buildingan immense new plant in Chicago and abranch at Dallas, Texas. Richard Searsproposed to overcome the declining ordersby more advertising. Julius Rosenwald'sconservatism was offended. In 1908 Rich­ard Sears resigned as president of the com­pany and an era had ended.The second part of the company's greathistory is that of Julius Rosenwald's domi­nance during "the golden age of mailorder". In the years from 1908 to 1919sales and profits mounted with acceleratingspeed. The post war depression came as ashock and the story of Rosenwald's rescueof his company is a dramatic one. In thissecond stage of its development Sears Roe­buck seems to have consolidated its gainsand systematized its operations. It wasduring the y�ars of war prosperity thatthe company maugurated its profit sharingplan, analyzed in some detail in an appen­dix to the book.In opening the third part of the volumethe authors sketch changes that markedAmerica through the first two decades ofthe new century and set the stage for Gen­eral Woods' invasion of urban markets withretail stores. In this last section the au­thors sometimes depart from a strictly his­torical approach and analyze, often in greatdetail, the current organization and meth­ods of the company. It is in this sectionthat the various functional divisions ofSears Roebuck and Company are examinedwith some care. In this process the worktends to lose some of its pleasant air ofromance and adventure. These are sacri­ficed to a study of modern business policy.Nevertheless, the general reader as well asthe specialist will find this book a reward­ing experience.Garfield V. Cox, PhD '29Dean, School of BusinessSOUTH ASIA IN THE WORLD TO­DAY, Phillips Talbot (Editor), Univer­sity of Chicago Press, 1950. 254 p.$4.00.The informed reader's first response tothis collection of papers on South Asia,presented at the Harris Memorial Founda­tion sessions in May, 1949, is to offer devoutthanks for its publication. The HarrisFoundation, Professor Phillips Talbot ofour Political Science department, (and fareastem correspondent for the ChicagoDaily News) and the University Press areto be congratulated for making the vol­ume possible.Phillips Talbot has brought together inone volume a series of some 14 lectures onSouth Asia delivered by distinguished spe­cialists in the field. In addition, the volumeincludes pertinent excerpts from the round­table discussions that followed each seriesof papers as well as cogent summations byseveral rapporteurs. Through Dr. Talbot'sconsiderable editorial skill as well as hisown close grasp of South Asian affairs, thewhole has been bound into an admirableand balanced volume.Americans are only slowly beginning torealize the importance of South Asia toworld peace and to our own foreign policy.The d.efeat of the Kuomintang Governmentin China has pose? fresh problems for ournatIOn and has stImulated interest in thefuture of the peoples of South Asia. Un­fortunately this interest in the region isnot l_llatche� by any comparable under­standmg of Its past or of the dynamics ofits recent development and current prob- Volume 42 dune, 1950 Number 9PUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONManaging EditorHOWARD W. MORTEditorsLAURA BERGQUISTLEONARD L. COLBY Contributing EditorsJEANNETTE LOWREYWILLIAM V. MORGENSTERNROBERT M. STROZIERIN THIS ISSUEEDITOR'S MEMO PAD COVER 1BOOKS ON REVIEW COVER 1THE WORK OF THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, William T. Couch. .. 3A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PRESS, Rollin D. Hemens , 7THE RELIEF OF UNDERSTANDING, Bruno Bettelheim. . . . . . . . .. 9TRYOUT FOR THE BETATRON, Jeannette Lowrey 14CHICAGO TRAVELOGUE, Robert :M. Strozier 17INDEX FOR VOLUME 42 20NEWS OF THE CLASSES 20COVER: Some 5,000 brides have been married in Thorndike HiltonChapel since its dedication in September, 1926. June,September and October are peak months for weddingsand many a University student has been married in thediminutive chapel which is only 30 feet long, 16 feetwide, and seats about 25 persons. The Chapel was a giftto the adjoining Chicago Theological Seminary fromMr. and Mrs. Henry Hilton in memory of their scholar­poet son.(Cover and photographs on pages 4, 5, 9, 11, 15(feuck), 16 (Kuiper), 18, 25,26, by Steve Leioellyn,'48.) .Published by the Alumni Association of the University of Chicago monthly, from Octoberthru June. Office of Publication, 5788 University Avenue, Chicago 87, Illinois. Annual subscrip­tion price $3.00. Single copies 35 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 193'. atthe Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under the act of March 8, 1879. The American AlumniCouncil, B. A. Ross, advertising director, 22 Washington Square, New York, N. Y., is theofficial advertising agency of the Magazine. .lems. This book can do much to bring usup to date on the vital forces operatingthere, and at the same time, proposes in­telligent and viable avenues for anenlightened foreign policy.I should like to mention several lecturesthat impressed me for their unusual clar­ity, pertinence and grasp. Among these arethe two papers by J. S. Furnivall on "SouthAsia in the World Today" and, "Coopera­tion, Competition and Isolation in the Eco­nomic Sphere"; Kingsley Davis' "EconomicDemography of India and Pakistan"; KarlPelzer's contribution on South Asian re­sources and the analysis by Justus van derKroef of the economic origins ofIndonesian Nationalism. Nor can one over­look the importance of the paper contrib­uted by Carlos Romulo on "Nationalism, Communisrn and Regionalism" or thethought-provoking paper read by HaroldIsaacs of Newsweek Magazine entitled, "APolicy for the United States".Current opinion about South Asia israther widely characterized by lack ofunderstanding of the cumulative effect ofcolonial rule or of the indigenous nationalmovements which developed there as a re­action to colonialism. Public opinion, be­ing thus uninformed, sees the problem ofthe area only or largely in terms of "coldwar" and "containment". This volume canhelp correct such easy misconceptions inthe American mind and prepare us to playa more intelligent and effective role inworld affairs.-Robert Crane, AssistantProfessor, Modem History12 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAT THE DEPOTWe bought a book for 35c: It was calledEveryday Speech (Permabooks, New York) .There were 190 pocket-size pages. Onevery even page was a cartoon by Cissie, '46.The odd pages were written by Bess Sandel,'31, PhD '38, Instructor in Speech, Univer­sity College.If you get wound up in a sentence-throw it away!The picture titles on the even pages re­ferred to the subject matter on the odd.The first picture title was: The days offine oratory are gone forever. And theodd page said: "... Today we listen toanyone who makes sense and whose mo­tives we trust. ... "On page 28 the picture title was: "Sorry,pal, good speech is ALWAYS struggle."The odd page said: "Whenever we havesomething to say we must be willing todig down and find the words as we go.Fresh."..."When you struggle for words you con­centrate. You forget yourself. You are anindividual with purpose. If that purposeincludes your listeners, automatically youbecome interesting."We gathered from Page 78 (Grammarain't all) that knowledge and convictionare more important than the parts ofspeech: "You'll find split infinitives at adime a dozen in a book by one of the mostbrilliant physicists in America."What a strange way to teach publicspeaking-pardon us; public speaking wasburied in the second cartoon! What astrange way to teach Everyday Speech.But effective.H.W.M.LOVE IS NOT ENOUGH. by BrunoBettelheim: The Free Press. 1950. 386pages. $4.50.At the Orthogenic School of the Uni­versity of Chicago live some 30 boys andgirls, ranging in age from about 6 to 12,who have been sent there as a last resortwhen no other means of dealing with theirdelinquencies, autistic withdrawals, andcountless other often inventive ways ofmaking life miserable for themselves andothers have been successful. Love Is NotEnough* is the first full-length account of*1 have drawn, with permission, on myreview of the same book in The Nation. the way these children are, in the greatmajority of cases, led gradually and pa­tiently to thaw out their psychic and oftenphysical frozenness in the context of thedail v life of the School.O� reading it, I was reminded of themagnificent scene where Helen Kellermakes the discovery that it is actually"water" which is flowing over her hands-her first success in grasping her world,and Ann Sullivan, her patient "creator's,"first success in establishing communicationwith her. For quite similar achievementsby patient and ingenious counsellors atthe School are reported and analyzed atlength in the book. If love is not enough,as Dr. Bettelheim claims-and there is nopoint in a semantic quarrel with him-itgoes a long way in making it possible forthe counsellors (and the academic teachersand psychiatrist who share very similartasks) to see in an unruly child who, forinstance, continuously and aggressivelyvomits food, a potential humanity andcharm.Freud concluded that psychoanalysiscould not help seriously disturbed andpsychotic patients, schizophrenics for ex­ample. Impatience has tempted some ofhis successors to the violence of shocktherapy. Dr. Bettelheim and his cowork­ers are among the very few (there areothers at the Washington School of Psy­chiatry, at the Menninger Clinic, and read­ers may recall the recent movie The QuietOne) who have had. the tenacity to believe,in Harry Stack Sullivan's words, that "weare all more human than otherwise," andwith this, the ability to listen to the non­verbal or only barely verbal communica­tions by which the mistrustful and deeplyhostile child or adult reacts to those whopatiently attend him.Such a person will at first often try totest by provocative behavior the personwho seeks to help him: this may rangefrom protracted silence, to defecating andsmearing him, to physical assault. At thesame time, such provocation helps reestab­lish human contact for the patient, andtells the therapist something about thesymbolic meaning of the patient's be­havior, leading thus to further wisdom incommunicating with him. But of coursethis does not happen quickly and smooth­I y: there are many backward steps; andfrom the evidence of this book most chil­dren need to stay two to four years at theSchool before they may risk leaving theinstitutional setting.Dr. Bettelheim has chosen to presentthis story, not in case histories, but by dis­cussing in turn those events which markthe daily routine of the School: waking­which means getting the children slowlyready to face the trials the day may bring;meals-and the uses of food as a vehicleof communication; .learning-which some­times means unfreezing body and mind, orslowing down a mind that has gallopedaway from its body or vice versa; rest­and how difficult this is for hyperactiveand compulsive children who fear, oftenwith good reason, what they might doto themselves and others if they once letgo; the bathroom-like food, an area ofiridescent symbolisms; the group of chil­dren-and the major share they carry inhelping each other to understand behavior;bedtime-which means getting the childrenslowly ready to relax controls and facetheir cluster of (frequently sexual) nightfears.It is plain that the School succors chil­dren, not so much in specially-arrangedtherapeutic hours (though these do occur) but by careful handling of the series ofseemingly petty incidents that make upthe daily routine of life-a routine soeasy-going that the fine photographs whichaccompany the text mainly look as if theywere of normal children at a normal, pro­gressive boarding school.Indeed, parents and others who areinterested in children will find a greatdeal in this book of immediate relevanceand fascination. Not that parents are tookindly viewed by Dr. Bettelheim. Havingto deal daily with human material thatparents have nearly managed to destroy,finding that visits home usually send thechildren into tailspins, he is more inclinedto allow children than parents the rightto be neurotic and difficult. (As a teach­er, I share his bias, since I must often seein my students the results of parentalpossessiveness, neuroticism, and, morerarely, of parental neglect.) Judging fromthe account in the book, little work withadults is done in or through the School­perhaps the adults whose children landthere are too far gone to be helped outsidea similar institution. The School does thenext best thing: it gradually reintroducesthe children to the wider world aboutthem-shopping or haircut trips, seeming­ly trivial, are often the opening window'­until. they can feel secure on their own.Yet since the children must eventually bereturned to the care of "outside" adultswork in adult education-such as this bookbegins for those who read it-must ofcourse run pari passu with work with chil­dren.The Orthogenic School has been underwayan its present course for less than sixyears, and as Dr. Bettelheim states, it is tooearly to give more than a progress report.One would like to know, not only whathappens to the children, but also whathappens to the counsellors. Can peoplestand "giving" as much as they, day-in,day-out, must give?Very likely, the fact that the School isengaged in research on children, that itswork is becoming increasingl y knownamong professional students, that it sharesthe elan of the way of dealing with chit.dren pioneered by Aichorn and AnnaFreud, and that it exists in the midst ofa large university and city must help thestaff endure their work, even enjoy it.And, in thinking about this problem,the psychoanalytic orientation of theSchool must not be forgotten. Freud tookthe revolutionary step of assuming, almostas a matter of course, that it made sensefor him to spend years trying to help asingle, not particularly brilliant or "im­portant" patient. Today, psychoanalysisis often criticized for this very "luxury,"and, most recently in Helen M. Lynd'sart�cle in The Nation, for politically re­actionary tendencies which exist in the"adjus�ment-to-s.ociety" ethos. of manytherapists, Yet It may be that 111 the lio'htof present tendencies to consider "merely"the individual of little worth, the fabu­lously great efforts put in by those whowork with the more extremely disturbedconstitute, among other things, a politicalprotest of great promise for the future.When a well-digger falls in a Brooklynshaft, our society thinks no effort too greatto pull him out, and perhaps no finertribute could be paid to our society thanthis. When a child falls, or is pushed, intoan emotional well, we have so far beenless ready to' help, and less aware thathelp was needed or, if needed, possible.-David Riesman, Professor,Social Sciences in the CollegeThe work ofTHE UNIVERSITY PRESSI. I. READ IT," I said.He looked at the page andhe looked at me. "Read it aloud," Iinsisted.He looked again at the page and atme with a puzzled expression on hisface."You say it's in English. You canread it if you can read the Englishlanguage. Now read it if you can."I was talking to aU. S. Customsofficial in Washington. He, alongwith Customs officials inChicago andin Washington, had held that one ofour books, printed in England by theOxford University Press was chieflyin the English language. I had oftensuspected that some of us, and I hadno reason to leave government officialsout of my list of suspects, couldn'tunderstand what we read, but I hadnever' imagined that any of us whowere classed as literate couldn't tellEnglish from other languages."You say the book is chiefly in Eng­lish and you can't read any of thepages that make up the body of thebook. If you will read any of thesepages aloud - you needn't explainwhat you read, that might be askingtoo much-just pronounce the words-I'll give up my argument that thebook is not in English."Of course, he couldn't read thebook. It was A Reverse Index ofGreek Nouns and Adjectives, and any­body who couldn't read Greek couldn'tread it-couldn't use it in any wayexcept perhaps as a doorstop or some­thing of the sort.I had appealed from the decision ofCustoms officials in Chicago and gonefrom one official to another in theTreasury and State departments inWashington not merely in order tofind a government official who couldread. I had a problem on my handsand I was looking for a solution of it.No printer in America had been ina position to set the type of the Re­verse Index at a reasonable cost andfor this reason the Press had sent thework to Oxford University Press inEngland, one of the few places in theworld where it could get the job done.The Customs law prescribed that By William T. CouchDirector, University Pressbooks "chiefly in languages other thanEnglish" manufactured abroad shouldbe admitted to the United States dutyfree. The Customs Office in Chicagohad held that the Reverse Index wasin English and that the Press had topay duty on the copies that it im­ported.But that was not all. The Rocke­feller Foundation more than ten yearspreviously . had given the University$50,000 to aid in financing the workof the authors, Carl Darling Buck andWalter Petersen, in their research andpreparation of the manuscript. Howmuch the University had spent inad­dition to their grant no one knew, andthere was no way to find out. So theCustoms officials generously decidednot to go into this question and to setthe value of the work at $50,000. Onethousand copies had been manufac­tured, therefore, Customs said, thedutiable value was $50 a copy. Therate was twenty per cent and so theduty was $10 per copy or, on 435copies, which happened to be the sizeof the shipment, $4,350.We shipped the books back to Eng­land and we started seriously ourargument with the Customs Bureau.I t took three years to. get the valuationcu t to $1.10 per copy, a figure that,under the law, would be reasonableif the book were in English. Wearestill working on the' case and we shallgive it up when we find one personin the Customs Bureau-just one willsatisfy us-who can read any typicalpage in the book.The work of the University Pressincludes the cleaning up of nuisancesof this kind - and there are manymore of them than anyone wouldimagine. And some of them; such asour Customs problem, are perennialsI fear-as impossible to solve as wouldbe the emptying of the great lakes bythe fabled one-armed man workingwith a teaspoon. But fortunately mostof the time of the Press is spent Inwork of more fruitful nature.What is the Press?The Press is a department or divi­sion of the University but, unlike de-3 partments or divisions whose work islimited tp particular fields of scholar­ship, the scope of the Press, like thatof the University, theoretically extendsto all fields of knowledge. The Presshas the same purpose as the Univer­sity: the conservation, increase, anddissemination of learning. The chiefdifference between the work of thePress and that of the University isonly in means. The University usesclassrooms and laboratories and thespoken and printed word to reach lim­ited numbers of people at particulartimes and places. The Press specializes'in the use of the printed word which,in free societies, may reach anywhereand be used by any literate person atany time.The Press, contrary to notions wide­ly held in universities as well as out­side, does not enjoy any peculiaradvantages over commercial publish­ers such as not having to pay its bills.It operates under this necessity justas everyone else outside utopia does.Its operations are distinguished fromthose of commercial publishers bythree characteristics: 1) It can pub­lish only those books, journals" andother materials that a group of, schol­ars, appointed by the University andacting for the University, considersworth publishing. 2) It has to findmoney to finance scholarly publishingthat involves losses. 3) Since it is aneducational institution it does nothave to pay taxes. The operations ofthe Press are like those of commercialpublishers in that its total expense hasto be kept within its total income. Inorder to manage this it has to makeprofits on some of its operations. Noscholarly publishing agency anywherein the world that has not managed todo this has ever amounted to any­thing. To do this, in addition to meet­ing scholarly requirements, the Presshas to exercise financial judgementjust as rigorous as that required forcommercial survival.The Press is not a printing plant asthe layman often imagines. Bookpublishing is a separate operationfrom printing and most book publish­ers do not have printing plants. Butpnntmg is, of course, necessary tobook and periodical publishing andthe Press fortunately has a plant ofits own. I say fortunately becausemuch of the more important workof the Press is of a highly specializednature-involving typesetting runningall the way through many alphabetsand symbols strange to the uniniti­ated, from the mathematical compo­sition in The Astrophysical [ournalto the esoteric signs in PhysiologicalZoology. The printing departmentofthe Press, now under the managementof Mr. Charles Trout, is one of thefew in the world that could have setthe type in the Reverse Index-butOxford in England also could do thejob and they happened at the time tobe able to do it at much lower cost­even including the Customs hazard.Traditional Division of LaborIn all of its deliberations on thequestion what to publish the Presstries to serve the purpose for which itexists, the conservation, increase, anddissemination of learning by means ofthe printed word. Now it might beasked what would the Press do if anew Dante or Shakespeare or Goetheor Dostoevski came along and sub­mitted his work for publication?When the original publishers of theseauthors issued their works, were theynot serving the same purpose that uni­versities and university presses pro­claim as theirs? The answer is, ofcourse, yes; and it has to be said fur­ther that the original publication ofsuch works is more important to learn­ing than any other kind. Why, then,would most university presses on re­ceiving a new work in a form such asThe Brothers Karamazov probablysuggest that the author send it to acommercial publisher? Obviously the answer to this ques­tion is that universities and theirpresses do not exist to exercise amonopoly on everything that involveslearning. The tradition that, in Eng­land and America, allows the par­ticipation of both commercial publish­ers and university presses in the vari­ous kinds of publishing for the worldof learning and that leaves new worksof the imagination, particularly thosein fictional form, mainly to commer­cial publishers, seems to me a goodone. But if a miracle happened andanother Dante appeared on earth andwrote a Commedia, putting back to­gether again a universe that the mod­ern mind with its specialized knowl­edge has torn to pieces, and broughtit to me I hope I would have senseenough to recognize him and his workand that I would be able to publishfor him.What to PublishHere is a manuscript submitted tothe Press. The author mayor maynot be a member of the faculty. Hemay live in Afghanistan or Zanzibaror on Drexel Avenue a block or soaway from the Press building. Hemay have been asked to submit hismanuscript or he may have sent it inunrequested. The manuscript mayhave associated with it a weighty col­lection of prestige symbols. The au­thor may, and sometimes does, insistthat we accept the symbols at theirface value. And, since prestige is notalways false and unearned, we cannotignore the symbols.But the quality of the manuscriptis what counts. This cannot be dis­covered by considering the symbolsof prestige attached to the work anymore than it can by considering theauthor's color or creed or cravat.4 The Press may reject the manu­script after examining it briefly. Howdo those of us in charge of this work,Mr. Hemens, Mr. Wieck and myselfknow which to reject and which meritfurther consideration? I am some­times asked this question under cir­cumstances that suggest that if I knewwhat I was doing I could answer witha few neat rules that anybody couldthen apply-just as if you went to adoctor and said your grandma had apain and would he please tell you howto cure it.But just as a doctor can't take sec­ond hand information on grandma,we find it necessary to examine themanuscript; and, again, just as thedoctor may decide to send grandmato specialists we may do likewise withthe manuscript. And, like the doctor,we do not call in assistance on whatwe consider hopeless cases unless weare being pushed by an author's pres­tige symbols-in which case we dowhat we can to keep the pushing fromforcing us to publish. And at the riskof identifying all our manuscripts per­manently with grandma's pains, I con­tinue, unlike the doctor, and, as I haveindicated, unlike the commercial pub­lisher, we, as a normal procedure, se­cure opinions from readers outside ourstaff on every manuscript submittedto us that we think may be worthpublishing and that we feel we couldhandle successfully.Before we can publish any bookmanuscript we have to have specificauthorization from the Board of U ni­versity Publications. The membershipof this Board is appointed annually,with a limit of four years' continuousservice, from the faculty by the Boardof Trustees of the University on thenomination of the Chancellor.Picture Captions"Catalogues and Counters," (seeBooks, Inside Cover) goes throughthe Press:1. Director Couch, left, discusses themerits of the original manuscriptwith Associate Editor Fred Wieckand Sales Manager Paul Corbett(near window).2. Production Editor Mary Alex­ander, Typographer Herman Bau­man and assistant typographerGreer Allen (standing) face pro­duction problem of the foot-high(foreground) manuscript.3. Artist Norman Wolfe designs thecover with pen, air brush andbright colors.4. The pages are printed 32 to asheet.Fields of InterestI t is impossible for me to lookthrough the catalogue of the Presswithout being reminded of the lamen­table end of the historian of the artsof the Penguin, overwhelmed in hismass of Art, as related by AnatoleFrance in Penguin Island."'Master,' I said in feeling tones,'I throw myself upon your kindnessand your knowledge, both of whichare inexhaustible. Would you consentto guide me in my arduous researchesin to the origins of Penguin art?'" 'Sir,' answered the Master, 'I pos­sess all art, you understand me, all art,on cards classed alphabetically and inorder of subjects. I consider it myduty to place at your disposal all thatrelates to the Penguins. Get on thatladder and take out that box you seeabove. You will find in it everythingyou require.'"I tremblingly obeyed. But scarce­ly had I opened the fatal box thansome blue cards escaped from it," andan avalanche of cards down on the historian followed, "and envelopedhim in a gigantic whirlpool. Duringthe space of a second I could see inthe gulf the shining skull and little fathands of the scholar; then it closedup and the deluge kept pouring overwhat was silence and immobility, ...and I escaped through the topmostpane of the window."I look at the Press catalogue andI have to say, What a mass of learn­ing!Here is, for instance, The Aryabha­tiya of Aryabhata, translated withnotes by Walter Eugene Clark, "com­posed in 499 A.D., ... probably theearliest preserved Indian mathemati­cal and astronomical text bearing thename of an individual author . . .the first attempt at a complete trans­lation from the Sanskrit of this his­torical document." A blurb from areview tells us the work is "of extremevalue to those who cannot approach(Aryabhata) in the original lan­guage."There is a lot of other materialthat most of us would not be anxiousto approach-more than sixty vol­umes in the series started in 1924 byJ. H. Breasted, Oriental Institute Pub­lications; over twenty in Studies inAncient Oriental Civilization,' five vol­umes of J. H. Breasted's Ancient Rec­ords of Egypt; eight volumes of JohnM. Manly and Edith Rickert's Textof the Canterbury T ales; and suchjournals as Classical Philology, M od­enn Philology, and The Journal ofN ear Eastern Studies.I find listed under the name ErnestCadman Colwell, ed., (with HaroldRideout Willoughby) The Four Gos­pels of Karahissar in two volumes attwenty-five dollars; The Greek Readerof the Fourth Gospel, A Study of ItsAramaisms in the Light of Hellenistic5 Greek; A Hellenistic Greeek Reader,Selections from the Koine of the NewTestament Period, with vocabularyand notes; and Prolegomena to theStudy of the Lectionary Text of theGospels; and others I will not mention.And under the name Robert May­nard Hutchins, I find the title, highlyappropriate in this place, No FriendlyVoice-as if he is speaking to theesoteric titles and authors around him,threatening them with fire and brim­stone if they content themselves withtheir technical achievements and ad­monishing them-now that they havethese achievements to their credit­to tell the world, in understandablelanguage, what they mean.In addition to technical studies andreports of excavations during the lastseveral years the Press has publishedfor the Oriental Institute a numberof books of a general nature that canbe read by the educated layman, suchas The Intellectual Adventure of An­cient Man by H. and H. A. Frankfort,John A. Wilson, Thorkild Jacobsenand William A. Irwin, Medieval IslamA Study in Cultural Orientation byGustave E. von Grunebaum, Historyof the Persian Empire by the lateAlfred Ten Eyck Olmstead, and King­ship and the Gods, A Study of AncientN ear Eastern Religion by HenriFrankfort. The Intellectual Adventureof Ancient Man has been reprinted inEngland as a Penguin book under thetitle Before Philosophy.The publications of the Universityextend into all the major fields oflearning, the humanities, the socialsciences, and the physical and biologi­cal sciences. Among the more dis­tinguished in the social sciences hasbeen the series in sociology, includingsuch volumes as Park's City, Thrash­er's Gang, Wirth's Ghetto, Suther-6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEland's Professional Thief, Burgess'Urban Community, Zorbaugh's GoldCoast and the Slum, and, appallinglyappropriate, Reckless' Vice in Chi­cago. In the physical sciences thePress has published for Werner Hei­senberg, Albert Abraham Michelson,Robert A. Millikan, and in the bio­logical sciences for Jacques Loeb,Anton Carlson, Warder Allee, and anumber of other distinguished schol­ars.John Dewey's School and Society,an epoch-making work-I will notcomment here on the nature of theepoch-in the field of education firstpublished in 1899, has been one ofthe bestsellers of the Press and is stillin print. The New Plan Texts forintroductory college courses in generalscience, were developed in the yearsfollowing 1931 as a part of the U ni­versity's general education programin the College. Among these textsCarlson and Johnson's Machinery ofthe Body and Buchsbaum's AnimalsWithout Backbones have been bestsellers.Any discussion of the books pub­lished by the Press would be seriouslyincomplete that omitted mention ofEdgar J. Goodspeed's Translation ofThe N ew Testament. This work, firstpublished in 1923, is currently avail­able in several forms, separately insmall and large type, with the OldTestament and Apocrypha, and withthe Old Testament only, and in aParallel edition with the King Jamestranslation. The Goodspeed Transla­tion of T he New Testament has beenthe top bestseller of the Press and hasnow sold well over a million copies.This is of course merely a rapidsampling of the many distinguishedbooks which the Press, through itsnearly sixty years of existence, haspublished.The "Easy" ProblemsAnd now we come to the "easy"problems of the Press.Too many of our "easy" problemsare like the one we faced on theReverse Index. The Rockefeller Foun­dation's gift of $50,000 to finance theresearch and publication made ourpart of the job look as easy as fallingoff a log. But by the time Oxfordhad finished printing the books-theystarted in 1935 and finished in 1945,the small balance of the $50,000 left after the research had been paid forhad been used up.Even after the duty was reducedfrom $10 to $1.10 the receipts from'sales at $10 per copy could not bemade to pay the handling costs, notto mention the cost of the time spentarguing with Customs.The suggestion is often made to usthat we would sell many more copiesof such books as the Reverse Indexif we set lower prices on them. Onsome books a price of, say, $5 ratherthan $10, or of $3.00 or $3.50 or $4.00rather than $5.00, is practically neces­sary if a large market is to be reached.But any publisher who knows whathe is doing will not try to attract alarge number of purchasers in a gen­eral market by offering a highly spe­cialized book at a low price.The number of copies sold of theReverse Index probably would not begreatly different if the price were re­duced from $10 to $1 or raised from$10 to $25. Nor does advertising be­yond a certain mi�imum make a greatdeal of difference on a book of thiskind. The people who need the bookand who are able to use it are likelyto learn of it through scholarly chan­nels of one kind or another, word ofmouth, letters, reviewing media, orPress announcements.H these people, the only ones whocan reasonably be expected to wantthe book, are not immediately inter­ested when they first hear of it, noamount or kind of advertising or sell­ing effort will stir their interest or theinterest of others.So far as I can see there are excel­lent reasons for not trying to sell ice­boxes to Eskimos or furnaces to Hot­tentots, whether at high or low prices,and in my opinion university pressesought never to make efforts of thiskind-even if 'they have reasons to be­lieve their efforts can be made tosucceed.But neither ought university pressesto be content merely with selling thepublic, or the academic public, whatit wants: Our job involves the ques­tion whether what the public wantsimmediately is always what it oughtto have. This is a dangerous question,but all real education involves dan­gerous questions, and you can't re­move the danger without removingthe education. In the short run, thevoice of the people mayor may not be the voice of the demagogue. Inthe -long run, I ha ve to go along withRichard Hooker, who some centuriesago said for me the .last word on thissubject: "The general and perpetualvoice of men is as the sentence of Godhimself. For that which all men haveat all times learned, Nature herselfmust needs have taught; and Godbeing the author of Nature, her voiceis but his instrument."Everybody involved in education­and if university presses are not, theyought to be-whether he is willing toadmit it or not, is trying to discoverthe "sentence of God" ; and this effortinside universities as well as outside'can lead to folly and presumption aswell as discovery. And so, since it ispart of our duty to advertise and sellbooks intended to instruct the world,we have to try to forget that of allthe actions in which men can engage,this action, characteristic of the peda­gog, is the most presumptuous, themost foolhardy. (It is no wonderthat educators try to act as if they areignorant, and so regularly succeed.)I couldn't prove that we have to doit in order to sell, but in the effort toattract buyers for our books, we shriekas loud and as long as anybody in thebusiness. We advertise in all of theappropriate media, we keep salesmenon the road visiting bookstores andcolleges and universities, we haveagents in all foreign countries, and, asa consequence, we sell amazing quan­tities of books.If a book has the right stuff in it­I refuse to try to define "right stuff"­it is not difficult with an expenditureof $5,000 to $10,000 on advertising tomake it a topic of conversation in in­tellectual circles throughout the COun­try. But while this is necessary to thesale of certain types of books, it maybe made to happen on a book and yetthe book may not sell more than afew thousand copies. Sometimes, be­cause of the importance of the sub­ject with which a book deals, we maypush it hard even though we arefairly certain we won't be able to domuch more than get some talking(and we hope thinking) started. Wedid this on Frank Reel's Case of Gen­eral r amashiia, an examination of thequestion whether America's first greatwar crimes trial was a triumph ofjustice, or legalized revenge. We triedhard to get a large market for theTHE UNIVE,RSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEbook even though we did not expectto succeed. We aroused nation-widediscussion, but so far we've sold onlya little over 4,000 copies-not enoughto cause us to want to do any cele­brating.Sometimes we are pleasantly sur­prised. The judgement of the Pressstaff on the sales possibilities of TheRoad to Serfdom as revealed in anumber of memoranda written whiledifferent ways of handling the workwere being considered indicates thatthe book was not expected to sellmore than two or three thousandcopies at most. "It has been mythought," said one staff member, "thatthis is a good piece of work and haspossibilities of a reasonable sale. Onthe other hand I doubted whether itwould support complete resetting andhad in mind that we would use �copy of Routledge's book and repro­duce photographically." Anothersaid, "I think its sales would beenough to justify setting type insteadof planographing ... the book couldstand a more startling title." And aA BriefINA recent survev of the 35 mem­bers of the ASSOCIatIOn of Ameri­can University Presses, known as theKerr Report, the managing headswere asked to describe the purpose ofa university press. There were 35 dif­ferent answers. They ranged from "theadvancement of learning," through"stimulating the preparation of booksthat will add prestige to the univer­sity, give it favorable publicity, or se­cure a profit." A composite of the35 answers would be a creature whichdoes not exist.Laymen, likewise, have as manydifferent ideas about what a univer­sity press is. They think of it as any­thing from a punch machine in anengineering school to a set-up forprinting the student paper, the alumnimagazine, university catalogues, andoffice forms.Even at Chicago there is a differ­ence of opinion among administrativeofficers and among the faculty. Somewould limit the press to scholarly third said, "If men-like Walter Lipp­mann would take up the cudgels forit, it might sell 2- to 3,000 copies.Otherwise it looks like a 900 sale."The first estimate requested of thePrinting Department was for 1,000copies. The first order placed was for1,000. This was changed two weekslater to 2,000. The files do not re­veal the reason.This record could be taken as prov­ing that the failure of a publisher torecognize a potential bestseller doesnot necessarily mean that it has nochance. I would agree. It's hard tokill a good book. I find it comfortingto believe that sometimes the. publicmay correct my mistakes, but just thesame I'd rather not make them. TheRoad to Serfdom became for the Pressa spectacular bestseller, runningaround 50,000 in the first year and to70,000 at the time of this writing,April 1950.Several publishers turned the manu­script of The Road to Selfdom downbefore it came to the Press. I learneda number of years later that a reader 7for one publisher had reported to hisfirm that he thought it "would sellvery well" but he advised "that theyreject it," and he said, in a letter tome, I "remain gratified, as I thinkthey do, that they did." He was ofthe opinion that the book was a"despicable performance," "unfit forpublication by a reputable house."The thing that made The Road toSerfdom "despicable" is, of course,that it criticized an object of worship.The Road to Serfdom is a powerfulargument against the unlimited inter­vention of government in economiclife. If you worship intervention-ornon-intervention, it doesn't matter­and expect it to bring heaven onearth, you can't help regarding criti­cism as despicable and you will sup­press it if you can. And you will beacting on a universal impulse--everysociety has its objects of worship, someheld so sacred that a man risks his lifeif he criticizes them in public. Thecultivation of such criticism, in myopinion, is one of the prime duties ofuniversity presses.of .theHistoryBy Rollin D. Hemens 121Assistant Director, University Pressworks for scholars; others would em­phasize popular books. Some wouldsubsidize; others would insist on aprofit. Some would dismantle theprinting plant, contract all printingwith commercial concerns, and con­fine the press to publishing; otherswould enlarge the plant with moreand more modern equipment.Mr. T. W. Goodspeed, in his His­tory of the University of Chicago tellslfs that President Harper conceivedthe Press for the primary aim of issu­ing books and journals having essen­tially an educational value. He ad­mitted that frequently the books ofgreatest intrinsic value would neveryield a profit. A committee wasformed to examine manuscripts offer­ed for publication. It was understoodthat a work found to be of little edu­cational and scientific value would berefused. This of course meant subsi­dizing and on this philosophy theUniversity of Chicago Press wasfounded. PressFrom a gymnasium to ...First located in a Loop building,our Press began as a private corpora­tion owned jointly by the Universityand D. C. Heath and Company. Thearrangement proved unsatisfactory,the corporation was dissolved in 1894and the Press moved to the temporarygymnasium which stood on the Hutch­inson Court site. There, wearingovercoats in winter and holding um­brellas over the work during springshowers, University printers carriedon until 1902.On October 1, 1902, ten years to aday from the opening of the U niver­sity, the Press moved to its own build­ing which was the gift of John D.Rockefeller. In those crowded yearsit had to share quarters with everyonefrom the General Library and theBookstore to Faculty Exchange andthe majority of the -business offices ofthe University.I t v�s midsummer 1949, after the8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEcompletion of the new AdministrationBuilding, before the Press had sole useof its Building. However, by that timeactivities had expanded so much thatthe Press in turn must now use con­siderable space in other buildings.... a $2,000,000 businessUnlike other departments of theUniversity, the Press is a business. Itsells printing of all kinds and it sellsmagazines and hooks to all parts ofthe world. Last year these sales totaledaround two million dollars, aboutequally divided between the Printingand Publishing Departments. Thisdoes not mean a profit in terms of asurplus of income for the University.Actually the Press does well to breakeven. The Printing Department whichdoes forms, catalogues, stationery, etc.,for the University, as well as booksand journals for the Publication De­partment, operates on a cost basis.There is a hidden profit to the Uni­versity in that this cost is some 20 percent below what commercial concernswould charge. The Publishing Depart­ment's "profits" vary greatly fromyear to year. Occasionally, there is asmall surplus, but last year losses ransomething over $30,000.Hieroglyphics to ChineseA staff of 252 members is aboutequally divided between the twodepartments, and contains many spe­cialists. There is, for example, atypographer and designer who -plansthe University's catalogues, letter­heads, the attractive brochures sentto prospective donors, as well as booksand journals; there are compositorswho can set hieroglyphics, Hebrew,Greek, and Chinese, as well as Eng­lish, German, French, Italian, etc.;and there is Mitford Mathews, thecountry's leading lexicographer andauthority on American words, who iscompiling The Dictionary of Ameri­canzsms.The Board of University Publica­tions examines works offered for pub­lication. In the natural sciences theBoard is assisted by two special ad­visory committees which screen themanuscripts in those fields and recom­mend to the Board. Board approvalis required before' a manuscript canbe published. However, that approvalis permissive, not mandatory. Rollin D. HemensLong term projectsThere is no statutory limitation offields in which the Press can publish.Theoretically, it is free to turn outdetective stories, novels, children'sbooks and manuals for engineers,architects, or farmers. However, inits historical task of closely serving thepublishing needs of the University, ithas naturally developed strength inthose fields in which the Universityhas been strong.The Press does not publish TheUniversity of Chicago Magazine� TheM aroon, The Great Books and Ency­clopedia Britannica. Each requiresskills or equipment readily availableelsewhere and which as yet it hasseemed unwise for us to acquire.Text booksIn the early days of the University,when members of the Divinity Schoolundertook to develop religious teach­ing on a nonsectarian basis, they pro­duced a series of textbooks from theprimary through the adult levels.These books were widely adopted bythe Methodists, Congregationalists,Presbyterian and other church schools,and for many years sales of these vol­umes bulked large in Publication De­partment income.Later the Press turned to textbooksin high school mathematics, as Pro­fessor Ernst Breslich developed amethod for correlating the teaching ofalgebra, plane geometry, solid . geom­etry, and trigonometry.The Press also published outstand­ing textbooks for the teaching of bus- iness and economics produced by theSchool of Business; a noteworthyseries of texts and reference booksevolved from the School of SocialService Administration, and in themodern foreign languages a series ofhigh school and college textbooks.In 1926 the Press published TheNature of the World and of Manwritten by 16 members of the facultyunder the editorship of Professor H.H. Newman. It was the first text­book product of the New Plan. Asthe New Plan developed, others wereproduced, and eventually were widelyadopted in schools across the country.Several attracted the attention of layreaders and had a good sale throughretail bookstores. Total sales of NewPlan texts has run into several hun­dred thousand copies.Popular non-fictionThe Press has published also anumber of books planned more di­rectly for the lay, nonspecializedreader. Examples are Checagou byMilo Quaife, the dean of historiansin the Middle West, Freedom IsMore Than A Word by MarshallField, and The Case of General r am­ashita by Frank Reel, one of the U.S. Government defense attorneys inhis famous war trial.For the scholar tradeThe largest number of titles by farare those books written by scholarsreporting their researches for the ben­efi t of other scholars. Pure examplesof this type are A Dictionary of theOlder Scottish Tongue compiled bySir William Craigie, The Electromag­netic Field by Charles Max Masonand Warren Weaver and A Diction­ary of Selected Indo-European Syno­nyms by Carl Darling Buck. The needfor books of this kind undoubtedly isthe reason for which the Press wasestablished. Most sell from two orthree hundred to possibly 1500 copiesand their publication requires subsidy.Few are self-supporting financially.The Road to Serfdom by FriedrichHayek, referred to by Mr. Couch,sold beyond anyone's wildest dreams.The book which was being publishedin England by George Routledge &Sons, Ltd. was offered to Americanpublishers, and rejected by several in(Continued on page 19)THE RELIEF OFUNDERST ANDINGBabies aren't always angels andparenthood is sometimes trying ...Ed. Note: So overwhelming was theresponse to Dr. Bettelheim's article inthe January issue> <CLove Is NotEnough;" in which he explained thework of the University's OrthogenicSchool, we asked him to write an­other. This deals with his work witha group of young University mothers,in which he deals with problemswhich arise in the day-to-day raisingof children. A MODEST EXPERIMENT hasbeen under way at the Univer­sity for the past four years to find outhow parents can prevent emotionaldisturbances in their children.Theoretically, a child should growup to be a happy person if he is bornto mature and loving parents, lives ina healthy, pleasant community, at­tends good schools and is sparedshocking events like illness, accidents, By Bruno Bettelheimpoverty etc. But few of us live inUtopia. The problem facing mostparents is how to rear an emotionallyhealthy child under just average con­ditions.After the war, many young peopleattending the University were busybeing not only students, but parents.Some attended my lectures in the De­partment of Education, in the courseof which we discussed the theoreticalA Wednesday night session in Blaine Hall: young mothers meet to talk over their family problems with Dr. Bettelheim.910 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEbasis for the work of the Sonia Shank­man Orthogenic School, where 'wehelp severely troubled children read­just to life. The discussions arousedanxieties in many of them, the kindwhich slumber in any parent-name­ly, am I raising my child properly?I couldn't deal in class with theirpersonal problems. Yet, as time andagain they came to me with pressingquestions, I came to feel that it wouldbe so much better to help avoid emo­tional disturbance in their children inthe first place, then speculate yearslater about how to resolve any seriousdifficulties which had taken root.So, encouraged by Deans JohnBergstresser and Robert Strozier, andMrs. Helen Ratzer, we launched anexperiment, to see if anything con­structive could be done about the day­to-day problems of raising children,short of intensive personal therapywith the parents themselves. In manyways it was an ideal group with whichto work; these were intelligent youngpeople in their early 20's, workinghard at getting an education, anxious-to be good parents, but living underpressure and far from ideal conditions-on small budgets, in prefabs or smallapartments. Many fathers attendedschool by day, and worked at night.Today, four. years later, most par­ents from the original group have longsince left the campus, and newcomershave taken, .their place. We still meetregularly every two weeks, for an hourand a half, and we still haven't runout of subjects to discuss.There have been tangible benefitsfor parents as well as' the children.Young, mothers, and a few fathers,have a chance to get away from homeand its demands once ina while andlet off steam about some of the cur­rent hardships and dilemmas in theirlives. As mothers became better ac­quainted, their children began to playtogether, and many a lonesome childthus acquired a playmate. Mothersbegan to baby sit for one another,giving each other more free time awayfrom home and child, and the chanceto enjoy both the more. A better com­munity spirit evolved, and the groupacquired confidence it could changeconditions. For example, they org(;ln­ized a nursery school, with active en­couragement from Deans Tyler, Berg­stresser, and Professor Seyfert, directorof the Laboratory School. They -also arranged for a playground, and tookturns supervising the children.Above all, as mothers saw and heardabout how other mothers felt, encour­aged by me whom they considered anauthority, they could begin to admitto themselves that caring for a smallchild is not 1000/0 blessing, but entailsreal hardship. To learn that all moth­ers are sometimes exhausted from thelabor of caring for babies, home anda husband distracted by exams, wasa boon to their confidence, and alle­viated guilt feelings considerably.My second goal, to change some oftheir fundamental attitudes towardchild raising, was much more difficult.Basically, they wanted a set of rulesabout What to Do and Wnat Not toDo. They wanted me to silence theirinner voice (which was critical ofsome things they were doing), or thatof a critical mother or husband. Itwas hard educational work to con­vince them that what may be rightfor one mother and child, isn't neces­sarily best for another. Despite myexperience and training- I told themagain and again-v-the best I couldteach them was a method for investi­gating the whole situation when theyran into trouble. What really counts,I emphasized constantly, was a spiritof mutual cooperation between parentand child.Little by little they gave up saying"my child has a problem," and begantalking about mutual difficulties. Butit took a year of meetings before theyreally meant it.PROBLEMS OF WEANING andnursing arise so often, I use oneabbreviated anecdote-based on wirerecordings-to first illustrate how weexplore a problem together.Mrs. S. asked if she should takethe bottle away completely from herone year old child. She was still giv­ing him one occasionally at night to"stop' his fussing." As usual, I askedother mothers what they thought, andopinions varied widely. (Only muchlater did, they learn to be less readywith pat, concrete advice and insteadexplore the situation with the mother,leaving the decision up to her).Mrs. G. said one year seemed "late"to her, another mother thought it veryearly for weaning. Thus before -I hadsaid anything, the mother learned thather friends had many ideas on the matter. Her own position was some­where between the extremes, a reas­suring realization.I stepped in to say that in this case,as in others, the real problem wasnot whether to give or withhold thebottle but that Mrs. S. was in conflictabout the issue. A mother usuallydenies such inner conflict at first, say­ing "I just asked," or all she wantedto know was "how to stop the fussing."I pointed out that if she wasn'tworried, she wouldn't ask the ques­tion; if she was absolutely confidentthe baby shouldn't have a bottle, shewould take it from him without ado;if the "fussing" was the issue, whymention the bottle?Little by little, it came out, Mrs, S.wasn't really happy about weaningthe child, who enjoyed the bottle somuch, but her six-month old nephewhad been weaned and was "ahead."Her sister-in-law rubbed it in. As shetalked, Mrs. S. began to see that shewas at least as much concerned abouther precocious nephew and sister-in­law, as she was worried about herown baby. (Such comparisons are fairrieither to mother or child, and canseriously hinder good relations be­tween them.) Realizing her conflict-the most difficult step-was a firstmove toward resolving it.Other mothers, in reviewing theirown experience, concluded that chil­dren develop differently, and react asindividuals to bottle feeding. To beslow in this respect didn't mean achild couldn't be ahead in others.Mrs. S. admitted that her own babyat six months had seemed happier andmore lively than her .nephew, a com­forting thought, but still, "there mustbe a right and wrong time to wean ababy."A voiding direct answer, I tried toshow her that by giving the child abottle in the evening, and withhold­ing it during the day, she was actu­ally trying to strike a compromise be­tween her wish to spare him unhappi­ness and "fussing," and her ambitiouswish to have him develop as rapidlyas her nephew. Thus she felt "bad"about keeping pleasure from him, andequally "bad" when she gave him thebottle, since it reminded her of his"backwardness. "We launched on one of our fre­quent discussions of a most importantprinciple: namely, there is no rightTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 11or wrong way to handle educatlo·ri�lproblems, including those of weaning.Educational measures must depend onwhat a parent expects of his child,and what he hopes he will become.Mrs. S. finally said, spontaneously,that she wanted her child to enjoybeing with her: she wanted him toenjoy life too, even if it meant devel­oping less rapidly than her nephew.I summed up the situation, to makesure both mother and the group un­derstood that what perturbed thisyoung mother was not the question ofweaning, but her own insecurity aboutwhat was the right cr wrong thing todo, and rivalry with her sister-in-law.I t was helpful to her to hear howmany other babies who were still onthe bottle were flourishing and happy.Like a Greek chorus, the group pre­sented the general attitudes prevail­ing in the community, showing howmany methods can be successfullyused in child rearing, and giving themother the courage to follow her owndesires.ON OTHER OCCASIONS, thegroup has helped more directly,by furnishing key information whichalone permits the solution of a diffi­culty. Once a mother brought a quiteserious problem to class. Verbatimexcerpts show how we helped her inher quandary.Mother : My little girl is nearly three.Until two months ago, she was prettywell toilet trained, and if she made amistake we never paid much atten­tion. Then when some grandparentspaid us a visit, she began to wet again.They thought it was terrible that shebehaved like this at her age. Nowthey've gone, but the habit continues.I sort of got into a pattern of beingcross with her, because nagging bythe grandparents made me nervous.I try not to let her feel I'm upset, butI don't know exactly how to do that.I: (to the group) Any suggestions?2nd mother: How about asking her?Mother: We do, and she says "no"she doesn't want to go to the toilet.I: Does she say she wants to be wet?Mother: She says "I'm going to staydry." But then she doesn't.I: Never? She never goes to the bath­room?Mother: Every once in a while.I: When?Mother: No particular schedule. 1: Try to think. Are there any timesor situations, inside or outside thehouse, when she goes?Mother: I know one thing ... thatin nursery school she's never wet.She's amazed us at home also with atremendous staying power. She re­fuses to go, stays dry for a long time,and finally gives up.I: What toilet arrangement do youhave?Mother: We have a little step lead­ing up, and one of those round seats wishes, to go to the toilet. If she cango at nursery school, she can at home.We must ask ourselves: why not athome, and why at the nursery school?We've heard about the grandparentsand the nervousness and excitementthey caused. But we haven't asked:when exactly did the training breakdown?Mother: About the same time one ofthe grandmothers came to visit us.I: Right away?J.1 other : Yes, a couple of days later.. .. I have a question I'd like to raise ...so she can sit comfortably withoutfalling in.1: Why is she all right III nurseryschool and not at home? Have youasked her?Mother: I've asked myself and Isure don't know.I: No, no, don't ask yourself. Askher first. Have you?Mother: No.I: Why not?Mother: Maybe I underestimated herintelligence.I: (turning to group) Any more sug­gestions?3rd mother: Maybe it's just a way toget attention.Mother: She gets a lot. Both of usplay with her, and her toys, manytimes a day, and concentrate all ourattention on her. She's always in­cluded in our conversations.I: I really and truly think that ifsomething hadn't gone wrong, athree-year old should be able, if she I: So it cannot have been the grand­mother's criticism of your child, be­cause she was OK at first.Mother: Oh!3rd mother: Pardon me, but do youthink it might have anything to dowith your working?Mother: No, because I've done thatfor more than a year, and up to thetime grandmother arrived we gotalong smoothly. . . I don't know ifshe was to blame or we are . . . butit's gone on since then and I'm at mywit's end.I: Of course, blaming the grand­mother is always a convenient wayout.Mother: Yes, it feels good to shove,the blame off on them.I: That's right. But I'm not so surewhether we are always justified.Mother: By now I'm not so sureeither.I: Well, don't mind the wetting so12 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEmuch. Let's wait and see what hap­pens.Mother: I've got two kittens andtheir puddles so I don't think I'll bebothered by hers.I: Ah! We learn something new.What about the kittens ... when didyou get them?Mother: Oh a long time be for egrandmother arrived. (Laughter.)About three months. The two of themplay together and they play with usand the baby. She can pick them upand they don't scratch.I: You know how strongly little chil­dren identify with little animals? Howthey think they're much closer to themthan human beings? That's one rea­son they think that things that hap­pen to animals can happen to them.4th mother: Say, don't you remem­ber once you told me about your childputting the kitten on the toilet?Mother: Yes! She did!I: What happened?Mother: It toppled in! I had to pullit out! (Laughter.) The kitten wasscared to death and so was the baby.I: Well! Perhaps we've found an ex­perience which scared your child. Thekitten fell in-she might fall in too!At the nursery school no kitten fallsin, therefore it's safe.5th mother: I think about the sametime the kitten fell in, her trainingbroke down.Mother: It did!5th mother: About the same time thegrandmother came to visit.Mother: Hev! That's right!I: I told you not to pin too much onthe grandmother.Mother: Well! Just because you maybe real smart. (Laughter.)I : No, I'm not the one who is smart.Your child is. She can connectthings and draw her own conclusionsand has the courage to live in accord­ance with them.Mother: Well I'll be jiggered. Doyou suggest getting rid of the kittens?I: No. I don't think that will solvethe problem. You must explain toher that while the kitten fell in, shewill not. Tell her that if she's afraidof falling in the toilet, she can use apotty instead. Then let's see whathappens.Only after we had explored thewhole situation, did we finally hit onthe kittens, a topic which reminded afriend and neighbor of an incident which had terrified the little girl. ButI warned the group we still had totest the validity of our theory. Asluck had it, our hunch was correct,and next meeting the mother reportedthe child went easily and without adoto the bathroom.The mother now felt that it was noquirk in the child's mind, or someterrible mistake on her part, that ledto the breakdown in training. She nolonger feared she would be battlingher daughter for years over the issue.She could view the incident 'as thegroup did, with relieved laughterwhen we reconstructed what mighthave made the child afraid. Feelingless anxious, the mother had less needto blame the situation on someoneelse-e.g. the grandmother.As usual, we next tried to learnfrom this example something thatmight help in child raising. This par­ticular incident helped remind us thatchildren are excellent observers, butoften poor interpreters. An observa­tion, once it has captured a child'smind, may have far-reaching conse­quences. No other task of living dis­tracts a small child from thinkingabout his experiences, no other inter­ests dilute his concentration on fears.Once he has formed an opinion, suchas that it is dangerous to sit on thetoilet, he will not test it again.The incident also impressed us allwith how dangerous it can be to one'srelations with a child, if fear of criti­cism by in-laws or friends makes onejittery enough to worry more aboutthe criticism than what may havegone wrong with the child. A parenthas a great emotional investment in achild's achievements, and we natu­rally don't like to see our efforts cometo naught. But one must be wary oftoo-easy solutions, such as dischargingannoyance by blaming inlaws, Diffi­culties aren't solv-ed by force, or byignoring them, but by assuming ouryoungsters act the way they do forvery good reason.Careful analyses of this sort alonepermits parents to unravel difficultiesthey run into with their children.SOMETIMES in our meetings amother's spontaneous reaction tothe problems of another child clari­fies some irrational behavior of herown, or some emotional involvement with her own child, which is actuallycontrary to her true convictions.One mother, for example, sponta­neously said to another that she feltone ought not to interfere with achild's development. "I always feel,"she said, "that the more sun and raina young sapling gets, the better it canweather the storms later on. Themore love a child gets, the better -hewill be able to withstand later frus­trations."Yet, 15 minutes later, she intro­duced this question as her own forthe evening:Mother: I wonder if a child of threeshould be encouraged in her femi­ninity. Just lately, my three-year oldgirl has become very aware of theword "pretty." Neighbors tell her shelooks pretty in dresses, and now sheprefers them to overalls.I: Well, what kind of a child do youwant?Mother: I don't want a child who'sa ware of clothes like some children Iknow who throw tantrums if the hair­ribbons don't match the dress.I: A three-year old throws tantrumsfrom time to time and sometimes rib­bons are just a convenient excuse.Mother: Yes, but sometimes not.Some�imes they just get too clothesconscious.I: That's right, but let's not jump toconclusions. When a three-year oldthrows tantrums because her hair­ribbon doesn't match, or because youdon't give her any, the tantrum maybe due only in small degree to that.It may be the consequence of a child'sattempts to be independent, to gether own way. Clothes are a relativelyinnocuous issue..M other: I've discouraged her wear­ing dresses because I think she's morecomfortable in overalls. On the otherhand I don't want to stymy her inde­pendence of choice. But then I don'twant her to become aware of the con­cept "pretty."I: But the neighbors have alreadydone that. .Mother: Well, I can stymy it.I: How can you? If she wants tolook pretty what can you do?Mother: I can tell her "You lookpretty in overalls."I: Does she really?Mother: No. (General comments andgasps.)THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE2nd mother: What's wrong with achild's wanting to look pretty?Mother: It's a whole feeling I havethat a child shouldn't be aware ofthings like that.1: What should a child be aware of?Mother: Oh ... in what sense?1: I don't know. But since you claimto· know what a child should not beaware of, you must have some notionsabout what she should be aware of.Every negative has a positive. Yousay she shouldn't be aware of clothes.All right. That's an argument I mightor might not accept, depending onwhat you think the child should beaware of.Mother: I think that's going astray.All I asked you is whether to give herindependence of choice, or stymy herclothes consciousness.1: Never stymy anything! That'ssimple. If you give me a simple ques­tion, you will get a simple answer­only it won't help you because youalready have such definite opinionson the matter.Mother: But it does make a differ­ence, otherwise I wouldn't ask.1: Yes, but the bigger issue is-whatdo you think are important issues fora little girl of three?Mother: What do you mean by is­sues?1: Well wearing a dress, versus over­alls, is an issue to your child. You sayyou don't want it to be an issue forher--so what do you want to be anissue?Mother: (pause) I want her to beable to choose what things she wouldlike to play with at any specific time.1 : Toys, yes, clothes no? I'm afraidthat doesn't make sense.Mother: Sure it makes sense.1: Why? Maybe because you have acertain picture of your child as agrown-up person, of what kind ofperson you want her to be, or don'twant her to be-that's why toysshould be, and clothes shouldn't be,important to her. But you haven'tcome out and told me that, so I'mstuck. I get the impression there is akind of anxiety: "I don't want mychild to grow up to be a clotheshorse," and so on.Mother: Well, I'm afraid she will be­come like her cousins.I: Do the cousins have the samemothers?Mother: No. I: So, since your child has you for amother, why do you worry about herbecoming like her cousins?Mother: They're all-1 hate to usethe word-middle class bourgeois.That's what it is.1: What's wrong with the middleclass? What do you want her to be?Mother: (explosively) A rebel! (Star­tled reaction from the mothers.)I: Now you've stated what you wantyour child to be ! Up to now I hadto go around in circles.3rd mother: How do you know shewon't rebel against your particularscale of values?Mother: I hope they're sound enough.I: What do you mean, sound enough?Against what do you rebel?Mother: Against the unfairness ofthe society we live in, to a large ex­tent.I: It's been treating you quite fairly,otherwise you wouldn't be here.Mother: I've been fighting it all mylife, helping make it better.1: How? By wearing overalls?4th mother: I'd say one thing. Whena child becomes aware of the outsideworld, its personal belongings becomemuch more important to him-hisshoes, socks, overalls and so forth. Ican't see what's wrong with that, tak­ing pride in what belongs to him.I: What worries me much more is atendency, I'm sorry to say it crudely,to have a three-year old fight battleswith society. That doesn't seem fair.Mother: You're not being fair, Dr.Bettelheim!I: Did I ever say that I'm alwaysgoing to be fair to the parent? I alsohave to be fair to the child.Mother: It's just that I want her togrow ...I: . . . into a rebel! On the one handyou select a middle-class neighbor­hood to live in, you expose your childto the influence of those perniciousmiddle-class neighbors. On the otherhand, you want her to fight thesevalues. That seems very hard on achild. You can want your child tobecome a rebel. That is a perfectlylegitimate desire in terms of your ownneeds and values. Only what you aredoing with your child seems quiteconducive to making a clothes-horseout of her, as a healthy reaction onher part to your desire to make her arebel. Children don't like to be forcedinto a pattern, remember? You talked 13about the tree and the sapling. Butaren't you trying to prune the tree tofit your ideas of a garden?Mother: No I'm not!1 : Yes you are! It wasn't the child'sfree will to live here. You and yourhusband haven't given up the advan­tages of going to this University toprotect your child from the influenceof middle-class neighbors. I'm afraidshe is torn between her and your de­sires and I think that's a very impor­tant problem. I don't blame you fornot having seen it before. My maintask is to make you see the quandariesinto which you throw your child. Sheis still a very inadequately developedindividual, still very much subject toyour influence. She has a natural de­sire to be considered goodlooking.Certainly her mother's opinion will bemore important than the neighbors',but only up to a point. If other chil­dren are prettily dressed, then youwill appear to her not as somebodywho is fighting middle-class values­of which she knows nothing at all­but as a mother who prevents herfrom enjoying life, receiving approval,and the love of those around her.If you deprive her of this she maydevelop symptoms in reaction to it.The child who was extremely de­prived (or thought she was) of clothesmay later become a clothes-horse.That is exactly what you want toavoid. Even given your desire to havea child who grows into somebody whoreforms society, don't you think you'rebetter off if she thinks of herself asgoodlooking, intelligent, well edu­cated and dressed, and yet is still notsatisfied with this world because of itsinequities, as against a child who saysto herself: "Nobody thinks I'm good­looking. The whole world is againstme. So what else can I do but fightit?" And anyway, why don't you en­joy the fact she looks prettier in adress?5th mother: My child at one yearwanted to wear dresses. When shewakes from her nap now, at a yearand a half, she wants to wear a dress.It's a lot more work for me, but I en­joy seeing her look cute.6th mother: I think sometimes there'sa tendency to magnify the child's feel­ings in terms of the adult's feelings. Imean it's the way you feel aboutclothes (or against) that counts. You(Continued on page 19)News of the QuadranglesTRYOUT FOR THE BETATRONUniversity"scompletion:Fermi turns on the switch and marks another milestone in thepostwar investment in nuclear research. Nearingthe Institute synchrocyclotron and laboratoriesTHE UNIVERSITY of Chicago's100-million-volt betatron - sec­ond most powerful atom smasher ofits type in the world-made its trialrun in May with Enrico Fermi, Nobel­prize winner, at the controls.Operation of the 200-ton instru­ment marks important progress in theUniversity's $12,500,000 post-war in­vestment in basic research on nuclearenergy and metals. A $2,200,000 syn­chrocyclotron, producing 450 millionelectron-volts, is also approachingcompletion, as- are the huge labora­tories for the three institutes fornuclear studies, radiobiology and bIO­physics, and metals.Producing high-energy X rays, thebetatron will be used as a researchtool to investigate the forces that holdthe nucleus of the atom together. Itcan also duplicate for laboratory studysome of the reactions caused by cos­mic rays high in the earth's atmos­phere and thus provide an added toolfor the university's large-scale workon cosmic rays.The betatron is housed in the Ac­celerator building, completed last year,in which the gigantic synchrocyclo­tron is also installed. This building isacross the street from the west standof Stagg Field where the first nuclearchain reaction was achieved on De­cember 2, 1942, an event that madethe atomic bomb possible.Essentially, the Chicago betatronconsists of a 160-ton magnet whichaccelerates electrons (the light atomicparticles revolving about the nucleusof the atom) around a doughnut­shaped glass tube to a speed approxi­mating that of light and to energiesranging from 10 to 100 million volts.Released against a target of. thin By Jeannette LowreyEnrico Fermi at Betatron controlstungsten or copper wire, the electronsproduce gamma rays, high-energy Xrays. The gamma rays are effective increating artificial fission in thoriumand uranium.The program of assembly and oper­ation of the betatron was supervisedby John A. Simpson, associate pro­fessor of physics in the Institute forNuclear Studies. Charles A. McKin­ney is chief engineer.Shrouds at low pricesService to the customer from thecradle to the grave, from diapers andteething rings to shrouds and tomb­stones, at lowest prices, has made14 Sears Roebuck a household word . . .and a multi-million-dollar business.The complete story of America'slargest retailer of general merchandiseand Chicago's greatest industrial giantis told in the University of ChicagoPress' new book Catalogues and Coun­ters.A four-year project, the 788-pagehistory of Sears from 1886 whenRichard Sears began selling watchesto 1948 when Sears had become oneof the nation's six biggest businessesis the most comprehensive documen­tation ever compiled on a business.Authors are Boris Emmet, formerSears executive, and John E. Jeuck,THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMBA '38, PhD '49, of the School ofBusiness.In its first period, through 1908,Sears was a chaotic, sprawling affairdominated by the genius of RichardSears. He had an intuitive sense ofhis market, its need for low prices andwider choice, and a genius for adver­tising that sold goods and built confi­dence. With thousands of unfilledorders piled up from a campaign,Sears blithely built new "fires to keepthe pot boiling" with more of hispoten t advertising.When Richard Sears sold out for$12,000,000 in 1908, the Julius Rosen­wald era began. It was marked bymore cautious and sounder merchan­dising - and advertising representa­tions. The company's position wasconsolidated, with the help of a risingfarm income, and its operational prob­lems in handling floods of orders weresolved.JeuckThe third era began with the ad­vent of General Robert E. Wood, whorealized the implications to the com­pany of the declining rural populationand the mass production of automo­biles. In 1925 Wood won permissionto start retail stores, which now pro­duce the bulk of sales. Wood shrewd­ly placed most of his stores in outlyingareas, where rent was lower and thecustomers could park.He decentralized control as far aspossible, but he maintained the policyof Richard Sears in concentrating onlines for which mass demand existsand which a central buying or­ganization can procure at substantialeconomies. Richard Sears worked around theclock, seven days 'a week, and so didhis employees, but the company grad­ually evolved new practices, pioneer­ing in profit sharing. In 1948, Sears'employees held, through the stockownership plan, 131 millions of thecompany's assets.A library for librariesAn $850,000 modern, functionalbuilding will be constructed for thenew Midwest Inter-Library Centerat 5700 S. Cottage Grove Ave., ac­cording to Ernest Cadman Colwell,chairman of the library board.Construction of the six-story centerwhich provides 57 miles of shelvingfor the two million books and 10,000volumes 'of newspapers to be stored,will begin early this month. Occu­pancy of the new building is expectedJanuary 1, 1951.A libraries' library, incorporatedunder the auspices of 13 midwesternuniversities, the Midwest Inter-Li­brary was established with a $750,000grant from the Carnegie Corporationand $250,000 from the RockefellerFoundation.The grey-brick building, designedby Shaw, Metz and Dolio, architects,will be built on one, two, and six-storylevels. Fronting on Cottage Groveavenue, the administrative wing ex­tends 186 feet across the six-storystacks section of the building.The north third of the administra­tive building is two stories in height.The two thirds of the building extend- 1 jing to the south will be a one-storystructure housing work rooms and ashipping-sorting area for the library.The six-story unit of the library forthe 'hook stacks will cover an area 90feet by 100 feet and be windowless.The stacks, ventilated with filteredair, utilize a new type of hinged, com­pact storage shelving, developed es­pecially for the Center.Three double-faced stacks areplaced in a pack. The center stackis fixed and the two exterior stacksswing into the aisles for accessibilityto the inner stack.The new system furnishes six vol­umes per cubic foot as against oneand one half volumes per cubic footin the average stack and will providefacilities for approximately 2,000,000books.Ralph T. Esterquest is director ofthe Midwest Inter-Library Center.Members of the board of directorsfrom the participating universitiesare: Ralph E. Ellsworth, director oflibraries, State University of Iowa;Coleman R. Griffith, provost, U niver­sity of Illinois; Henry T� Heald, presi­dent, Illinois Institute of Technology;Mrs. William T. Middlebrook, vice­president, University of Minnesota;Judge Ora L. Wildermuth, represent­ing Indiana University; John H. Nel­son, dean of the graduate school,University of Kansas; William H.Combs, administrative assistant incharge of academic affairs, MichiganState College; Jens Nyholm, librarian,'Northwestern University; RaymondThe $850,000 modern, functional building which will be constructed for thenew Midwest Inter-Library Center, incorporated under 13 midwestern uni­versities and located at 5700 Cottage Grove avenue, Chicago.16 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEKuiperW. Kettler, comptroller, Purdue Uni­versity; Mark H. Ingraham, dean,College of Letters and Science, Uni­versity of Wisconsin; Edward A. Hen­ry, director of libraries, University ofCincinnati; Father Howard Kenna,C.S.C., University of Notre Dame;and Ernest Cadman Colwell, presi­dent, University of Chicago.Scientific honors for threeThree University of Chicago scien­tists who have made major discoveriesin the fields of astronomy, medicineand nuclear energy have been honoredwith the highest recognition in thescientific field.Dr. Lester R. Dragstedt, chairmanof the department of surgery, GerardP. Kuiper, professor of astronomy,and Willard F. Libby, professor ofchemistry in the Institute for NuclearStudies, were elected to the NationalAcademy of Sciences.Their election brings the total num­ber of University members to 33 ;Chicago now ranks third among thenation's universities III Academymembership.Dr: Dragstedt, '15, SM '16, PhD'20, MD '21, whose vagatomy opera­tion for gastro-duodenal ulcers, dis­covery of lipocaic, and studies on thefunction of the pancreas are mile­stones in surgery, became chairman ofthe surgery department of the uni­versity's medical and biological centerin 1947.He received the silver medal of theAmerican Medical Association andthe gold medal of the Chicago Medi- Dragstedtcal Society in 1947 for his discoveryof gastric vagatomy.Kuiper, internationally recognizedauthority on the solar system, firstachieved distinction when he discov­.ered several white dwarf stars andlater for his work on the hydrogencontent of the stars.In 1948 Kuiper showed that thepresence of both carbon dioxide andsmall quantities of water and greenareas on Mars, was consistent withthe presence of mosses and lichen.He discovered a fifth satellite to U ran­us-Miranda-in 1948 and a secondsatellite to Neptune in 1949. Latelast year, Professor Kuiper also ad­vanced a new theory about the originof the earth and planets. He said theyevolved from a sphere of gas anddust rotating around the sun overan interval of a thousand years threebillion years ago.Libby, atomic scientist who discov­ered radioactive carbon in all livingmatter, humans included, has devel­oped an "atomic calendar" to establisharchaeological dates, With fragmentsof any once-living substance, Libbyhas been able to date material up to4,600 years. Within the next year hehopes to extend the method to mea­sure accurately objects 20,000 yearsold or older.A member of the Manhattan Dis­trict project, Libby was attached tothe atomic-bomb project at ColumbiaUniversity from 1941 to 1945.Farming in 2050 B. c.The oldest agricultural bulletin Libbyknown to man-a 4,000-year-old claydocument in which a farmer gives hisson advice about planting-has beenunearthed in Iraq by a joint expedi­tion from the Oriental Institute of theUniversity of Chicago and the Uni­versity of Pennsylvania Museum.Seven hundred other clay tabletswere also discoveries of the 1949-50digging season reported by DonaldE. McCown, field director of theexpedition.He announced the tracing of 1,600years in the history of the temple ofEnlil, chief god of the Sumerians, inthe five levels of the Nippur templeunearthed by the archaeologists.The first major temple discoveredfrom the Akkadian period, the Houseof Enlil is a rectangular building, 23by 47 yards, with massive walls overten feet thick. Its history, as theresult of the excavation this season,can be traced from 2,200 B.C. downto about 600 B.C.Successive rebuilders of the templefollowed the same architectural plan,super-imposing one building upon an­other. Because of its divine resident,no ruler dared to change the plansas centuries passed despite changingfashions in architecture. The templebecame more unusual as other more"modern" temples were built.Tablets found at Nippur were fromthe private libraries of the scribes andwere used for teaching or reference.Others recorded mathematical prob­lems, legal cases and lexical docu­ments.Reflections After FiveCHICAGO TRAVELOGUEMr. Bergstresser goes West, Colwell and Hutchins vacation inthe South and Dean Strozier flies East for an Alumni meetingJOHN BERGSTRESSER droppedby a few days ago to tell me thathe had accepted a position at SanFrancisco State College as Dean ofStudents and as a member of thefaculty. John came to the Dean ofStudents Office only three monthsafter I did; we have worked togetherwith an unusual harmony these pastyears, and so it is with a real tug atmy heart that I accept his resignation.John has a real affection for theUniversity of Chicago, and onlypersuasive reasons of health haveprompted his decision. After threeweeks on his back this Winter, he dis­covered - of all things - that he isallergic to Chicago dust and dirt.John will take up his new duties onSeptember 1. He tells me the Collegeis in the midst of a new building pro­gram on an entirely new campus nearLake Merced south of the city proper.John has left his imprint here-bothon the students and faculty. His un­derstanding and patience, and deepdevotion to the student activities hehas nurtured, have been keenly ap­preciated by his colleagues and thealumni.Wyverns and psychoanalystsThe Quadrangles are a bright greenbeneath a Spring rain this morning.Students have enjoyed one last hecticburst of social activity before exami­nations. One Friday night saw sev­eral hundred decked out for the In­terdorm Formal at the ShorelandHotel. And on Saturday night theYWCA sponsored its gala carnival atIda Noyes. Girls clubs competed forprizes for the best exhibit. The Wy- . By Robert M. StrozierDean of Studentsverns .won with a spectacularly cleverbooth whose theme was psychoanaly­sis. Anyone with the entrance feecould lie down and be analyzed withamazing clarity-and high good hu­mor. Later in the evening there wasan aquatic exhibition in the pool.The girls' water-ballet was somethingto see, as were the diving displaysand comic swimmers.Meanwhile, that night, the PolishClub was cutting a rug at Interna­tional House. Margaret and I werequite ready to spend a quiet Sundayafternoon at home.Our bronzed AdministratorsI want to personally assure alumnithat the Central Administration is inthe pink-or, to put it more exactly,healthily bronzed. Mr. Hutchins hasreturned from Hobe Sound, Fla., andMr. Colwell from a forced vacation atAna Maria. Mr. Harrison is still inTexas visiting the Observatory therewhich is the joint concern of the Uni­versity of Texas and the U of C. JimCunningham was also at Hobe Soundfor a while. I hope you won't get theimpression that the boys on the fifth'floor bask in the warm sun all winter.No crew works harder. Indeed, I haveseen Mr. Colwell slip into the elevatormany mornings at eight o'clock, andhe seldom leaves his desk before 5: 30or six.President Colwell's illness-the firsthospitalization in his entire life-wasdue to virus infection, but Mr. Hutch­ins called it "budgetitis." Unfortun­ately, his illness caught him at a timewhen he was scheduled to appearwith Dr. Harold Urey before alumni17 gfO'tlpS in Washington, N ew York andPhiladelphia. The last minute changesent Mr. Urey and Senator WilliamBenton to the Washington meeting.I was called upon to fly to Philadel­phia the next morning, meet Mr.U rey and Howard Mort there, andmake a report on the state of theUniversity to the Philadelphia groupand next evening to the New Yorkmeeting.That troublesome budgetThe Student-Faculty Committeeheld one of its final meetings of theyear in a not-tao-happy mood. I toldthe students it would be necessary toassess a student health service fee be­ginning with Summer Quarter. Hold­ing the budget line is no easy task,and in spite of long, tedious efforts,there is still a large discrepancy be­tween anticipated income and esti­mated expenditures for the 1950-51period.Mr. Hutchins reported to the Deansand Administrative officers of the Un­iversity that the budget has doubledwithin a period of ten years, despiteeconomy moves by the Central Ad­ministration, The necessity for in­creasing faculty salaries, the greatincrease made in the maintenance andclerical staffs have all contributed tothe zooming budget along with thegeneral rise in the cost of everything.The University has many contractswith government and industry, butthe internal budget as we know it issomewhat astronomical. Universitybudget legislation must resemble simi­lar sessions in Congress, with eachinterest-area exerting pressure to hold18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEits individual line. I for one wouldhate to have to do the slashing.Athletic prowessThe Chicago Tribune carried aninteresting article and pictures aboutPaul Derr and his junior varsity tracksquad. Our athletic program has donewell this year, and received not onlyfavorable press recognition, but en­thusiastic support from the studentbody. T. N. Metcalfe, a perpetualpessimist, would not agree with mewholeheartedly; he is aiming for aneven higher level of participation andactivity. Yet, I feel very much en­couraged by what I see going on inphysical education and athletics.Spring siestaThe last issue of the Maroon forthe current school year has appeared.At the University, activities are hecticthroughout Winter Quarter and thefirst six weeks of Spring. There is adefinite decline in pace from mid­May until the comprehensive examin­ations are over a month later. Thefirst time the students told me thatthey were ceasing publication of theMaroon at the end of the first sixweeks of the Spring Quarter, I couldhardly believe it. But since the staffis largely drawn from the College, itgoes without saying that they feel itimperative to dig in for the compre­hensive exams. I t is interesting, how­ever, that the decision about the datesand publication rests entirely with thestudents. I once told a Maroon editorwho informed me the next issuewould be the last, that I was surethat had the suggestion come fromme, it would have been turned downby the staff. I think he agreed, ex­plaining it was the prerogative ofa "free and responsible press!" I amimpressed.German studentsWe have been interested in the factthat the visiting German Referendars(law students) have continued to livein Woodlawn Hall, the least attractiveof our residence halls. We intendedto transfer them to InternationalHouse as rooms became available.However, most of them had madewarm friends in Woodlawn, by thattime, and were reluctant to move.They have made an excellent ad­justment on campus. They have beenfascinated by their class work underthe direction of Max Rheinstein; and Mortar Board was, the winner of the yearly inter-club sing sponsored by Inter­Club Council on Mother's Day. The group was awarded a trophy plus aninvitation to make a guest appearance at Inter-Fraternity Sing on June 10.Each club in the contest sang its two self-chosen club songs. Judges wereSiegmund Levarie, Scott Goldthwaite and Richard Vikstrom.have not been reluctant to join insocial and political, activities. Recent­ly, under Max's leadership, they helda very interesting debate at Interna­tional House on Germany's problems.I am pleased by the idea of Germanand American students mounting acommon platform to discuss a prob­lem real and pressing to them both.Owl and SerpentThe Owl and Serpent Honor So­ciety is planning its annual conventionfor Wednesday, June 7. The alumnicommittee is made up of Earl Shilton,'14, JD '16, Harry Hagey, '29, JackClancy, Bill Birenbaum, JD '49, andSam Horowitz, '45, MD '48. This isan organization which has been im­portant on Campus for many years,and one which continues to exercise agreat deal. of influence. Last weekJohn Bergstresser and I dined withthe active Chapter at the Sigma ChiHouse, and had one of the frankestdiscussions I have had with studentssince coming to the Quadrangles.They seemed to feel that the Uni­versity has not given enough supportto student activities, although theywere cognizant of the very substantial progress made during the last fouryears. I countered by pointing outsome things we have promoted-theexpansion of the athletic program, theinitiation and development of theStudent Union, Radio Midway, theArts and Crafts Studio, the StudentForum, and numerous other activities.It goes without saying that we donot make a program for our studentsin the various fields. In most caseswe conscientiously leave them thegreatest possible latitude. I suspectthat if we provided more direction,they might even resent it.However, we have provided a Di­rector for the University Theatre, anextraordinarily lively activity.As yet, we have not provided any­thing more than perfunctory advicein the field of publications. Next year,however, Reuel Denney of the Collegefaculty, who has had wide experiencewith publications as an undergradu­ate at Dartmouth and subsequentlywith national magazines, will be anadvisor. It is true that a new studentactivities building would greatly pro­mote all activities on the Quadrangles.Promotion of such a center would bea worthwhile project for 0 & S.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEHistory of the PressNew York, presumably because itcould not be sold in sufficient quan­tities to be profitable, Mr. FrankKnight, a member of the University'sDepartmen t of Economics, and of theBoard of University Publications,brought it to the attention of theBoard, as an exceptionally good scho­larly presentation of an economictheory then unpopular.Once on the market it took holdlike wild fire. Reader's Digest in­cluded it as the lead article in theApril, 1945, issue which went to someeleven million readers. The Digestversion was made available as a re­print from the magazine and over amillion copies were sold. Betweensales of digests and books, it far ex­ceeded any other title ever publishedby the Press.Sales problemsThe kind of publishing done by thePress means that its sales problemsare different from those of commer- ( Continued from page 8)cial publishers. A book of popularinterest can be advertised in maga­zines and daily papers. However, thatmethod is far too expensive for an­nouncing a highly scholarly work withlimited sale possibilities. Typically, abook has to sell something like 4,000copies to be financially self-supporting,and is more likely to sell 1,000.Press textbooks presenting materialfor teaching according to new meth­ods developed by the faculty couldnot be sold in the customary manner.The Press representatives could notmake a sale by merely showing thebook. They also had to sell theidea of a, general introductory coursecovering the natural sciences and con­vince the prospect of its validity. Thisdone, The Nature of the World andof Man edited by H. H. Newman wasthe only textbook available.Such a general introductory coursewas new and in many cases is still acuriosity. Our representatives custo­marily met with college administratorsThe Relief of Understandingfeel the child is also feeling the wayyou do, whereas it might be just partof a normal development.I: What I am afraid of is that yourchild might resent it later if youtry to form her into something youwant, and you don't let her grow likethe tree. You see, I beat you withyour own example. Give the tree wa­ter, good soil and sunshine, and alittle wind now and then, and hopefor the best. Your distrust of thechild is what worries me, your feelingthat you have to form her or other­wise she won't come out alright.(Turning to another mother). Whydo you shake your head?7th mother: My mother did that tome. "I have to form you or else."6th mother: My mother brought meup thinking that clothes are not im­portant, and they are-not the be-alland end-all of existence-but up to apoint. I resented the fact she taughtme wrongly.I: Of course clothes are important.Well, have we answered your ques- (Continued from page 13)tion? Now you see why I couldn'tanswer a simple "yes," or "no."Mother: I'm glad I asked about thisclothes business. I'm really shockedto see that I did to my child what mymother did to me, what I hated somuch. She tried to force me to be asshe wanted me to be, and that's why Iwant my daughter to be a rebel. NowI see that actually I've been doing thesame thing to her. Tomorrow she canwear dresses and I'll let her grow likea sapling. At least, I'll try.*' *' *I hope it can be truthfully said thatthe value of these meetings extendsbeyond the particular topics we takeup. This was nicely stated by a motherwho was asking how to handle herchild's fighting with another childand who went on to say; "I know Ishouldn't be over critical of him rightnow because he'll only feel that muchworse if I sit on him. Because thenwhat's he got? The other kid is fight­ing him and his mother is againsthim too." 19and curriculum committees and ad­vanced the merit for such courses.The Press did not work alone, how­ever, for the enthusiasm of DoctorsLemon, Coulter, Carlson, and othersteaching the course was permeating'the educational world. These menalso frequently joined the Press rep­resentatives at special meetings.Similarly, the Press undertook pub­lication of the second New Plan books-Carlson and Johnson, The M a­chinery of the Body: Lemon, FromGalileo to the Nuclear Age: Romer,M an and the Vertebrates: Bartky,Highlights of Astronomy, and others.The Press has become "one of thegreat divisions of the University, anorganic part of the institution", asPresident Harper had intended. Inpublishing for the members of facul­ties of other institutions, it has ad­vanced beyond the expressed goal.The Press is moving on with Chan­cellor Hutchins and the University.I couldn't help laughing and asked:"Can you possibly tell me why youneed to come to these meetings?" Atwhich she laughed too and said: "I'mgetting to the point where all I haveto do is consider asking my questionsand then I immediately' know the an­swer myself."The correct solution of a difficultyis usually pretty obvious once wereally accept the fact that raisingchildren poses difficult problems, thatsound education consists of unflaggingefforts to solve them, and that we con­tinually need to analyze the problemcarefully, including one's own emo­tional involvement in it, instead ofdenying the existence of both. Oncethis is learned, we no longer need"experts" to tell us what to do aboutour child.But what nice parents these youngpeople are you can see from the sin­cerity of their efforts in trying to un­derstand, and be of help to, theirchildren.20 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEARTICLES INDEX FOR VOLUME 42 (1949-50)Month-PageMonth-PageALUMNI CITATIONS October 6ALUMNUS OF THE YEAR October 8ANOTHER YOUNGEST, Paul Wagner October 5As CHICAGO SAW MR. NEHRU December 9THE ATOM AND THE BUSINESSMAN, Robert E. Wilson .. October 10A BALANCE SHEET FOR JAPAN, Edward A. Ackerman .. December 5_ A BOOK CAN BE A COLLEGE MILESTONE,Malcolm P. Sharp January 7A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PRESS, Rollin D. Hemens June 7CAMPUS QUEENS, 1949 _ January 12CHIPS AND HIS AUNT JESS December 18THE DEMOCRATIC ISLANDS OF GERMANY, Alonzo G. Grace.March 2EDITOR'S MEMO PAD Each IssueFIFTY YEAR LUNCHEON October 19FIVE WEEKS IN A ROWBOAT, Erwin F. Beyer November 15FOR OUR AGE: THE STATURE OF GREATNESS October 2THE GREAT BOOKS STORY, John S. Harmon April 2How TO STUDY,Cyril Houle, Charles Nelson, Elizabeth Simpson .. February 7A HYMN TO SUBURBIA, Frederick S. Breed April 21Is IT TRUE WHAT THEY SAY ABOUT THE COLLEGE,F. Champion Ward December 2I THANK THE UNIVERSITY, Albert Schweitzer. October 5LADY DA OF JUVENILE COURT March 6LIFE AFTER 60, Robert J. Havighurst. February 2LOVE Is NOT ENOUGH, Bruno Bettelheim January 2MAYHEM ON 56TH STREET, Ed Diamond February 11MORT OF HARRIS BROTHERS November 10NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES, Jeannette Lowrey Each IssueONE MAN's OPINION,William V. Morgenstern.October, November, February, AprilON THEIR TOES May 17PATTERN FOR PEACEMAKING, Ralph Bunche May 2PAUL SNOWDEN RUSSELL, Robert M. Hutchins February 13PAUL VINCENT HARPER, Robert M. Hutchins November 1PLANTS, FLOWERS AND DISHGARDENS January 15THE PROPHETS CONSIDER AMERICA, Emmett Dedmon October 3THE WORK OF THE UNIVERSITY PRESS,William T. Couch June 3QUOTEWORTHY, A SAMPLING OF FACULTY COMMENT April, MayRADIO ON THE MIDWAY November 6REFLECTIONS AFTER FIVE, Robert M. Strozier Each IssueTHE RELIEF OF UNDERSTANDING, Bruno Bettelheim June 9RENDEZVOUS AT REYNOLDS May 13SCENES TO REMEMBER February 18SCHOLARSHIP Is SUPERNATIONAL, Wilhelm Pauck December 13SENSE OR CENSORSHIP, William D. Grampp November 8STRATEGY OF ERROR, Hans J. Morgenthau March 9THREE-STAR TEACHER, Charles F. Russ, Jr " January 16VISIT TO CHINA, Robert Redfield October 9YALTA-FACT AND FICTION, Walter Johnson November 2BOOK REVIEWSBettelheim, Bruno and Janowitz, Morris,DYNAMICS OF PREJUDICE April 10Bettelheim, Bruno', LOVE Is NOT ENOUGH June 2 Craven, W. F., and Cate, J. L., Ed.,THE ARMY AIR FORCES IN WORLD 'WAR II-VOLUME II December 1Dawson, Mitchell, THE MAGIC FIRECRACKER .April 11Emmet, Boris and Jeuck, John E.,CATALOGUES AND COUNTERS JuneGottschalk, Louis, LAFAYETTE:Between the American and the French Revolution .. April 9Grossman, Richard, A NEW LEASH ON LIFE April 10Hall, James and Steinmann, Martin, Ed.,THE PERMANENCE OF YEATS: SELECTED CRITICISM April IIHerrick, James B., MEMORIES OF EIGHTY YEARS January 1Redfield, Robert,A VILLAGE THAT CHOSE PROGRESS: CHAN KOM REVISITED.............•............................... '" April 9Reel, A. Frank, THE CASE OF GENERAL YAMASHITA .. December 1Schevill, Ferdinand, HISTORY OF THE MEDICI March 1Sondel, Bess, EVERYDAY SPEECH June 2Talbot, Phillips, Ed. SOUTH ASIA IN THE WORLD TODAY June 1AUTHORSAckerman, Edward A., A BALANCE SHEET FOR JAPAN Dec. 5Bettelheim, Bruno, LOVE Is NOT ENOUGH Jan. 2Bettelheim, Bruno, THE RELIEF OF UNDERSTANDING June 9Beyer, Erwin F., FIVE WEEKS IN A ROWBOAT Nov. 15Breed, Frederick S., A HYMN TO SUBURBIA April 21Bunche, Ralph, PATTERN FOR PEACEMAKING May 2Couch, William T.,THE WORK OF THE UNIVERSITY PRESS June 3Dedmon, Emmett, THE PROPHETS CONSIDER AMERICA Oct. 3Diamond, Ed, MAYHEM ON 56TH STREET Feb. IIGrace, Alonzo G., THE DEMOCRATIC ISLANDS OF GERMANY .. Mar. 2Grampp, William D., SENSE OR CENSORSHIP Nov 8Harmon, John S., THE GREAT BOOKS STORY April 2Havighurst, Robert J., LIFE AFTER 60 Feb. 2Hemens, Rollin D., A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PRESS June 7Houle, Cyril, How TO STUDY Feb. 7Hutchins, Robert M., PAUL SNOWDEN RUSSELL Feb. 13Hutchins, Robert M., PAUL VINCENT HARPER Nov. IJohnson, Walter, YALTA-FACT AND FICTION Nov. 2Lowrey, Jeannette, NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES Each IssueMorgenstern, William V.,THE INVESTIGATION CONCLUDED Oct. 12Two DECADES AND MR. HUTCHINS Nov. 12PEACE-Is IT So WONDERFUL? Feb. 17THE PERSONALIZED COLLEGE April 15Morgenthau, Hans J., STRATEGY OF ERROR Mar. 9N elson, Charles, How TO STUDY Feb. 7Pauck, Wilhelm, SCHOLARSHIP Is SUPERNATIONAL Dec. 13Redfield, Robert, VISIT TO CHINA Oct. 9Russ, Charles F., THREE-STAR TEACHER Jan. 16Schweitzer, Albert, I THANK THE UNIVERSITy Oct. 5Sharp, Malcolm P., A BOOK CAN BE A COLLEGE MILESToNE.Jan. 7Simpson, Elizabeth, How TO STUDY Feb. 7Strozier, Robert M., REFLECTIONS AFTER FIVE Each IssueWard, Champion F.,Is IT TRUE WHAT THEY SAY ABOUT THE COLLEGE Dec. 2Wilson, Robert E., THE ATOM AND THE BUSINESSMAN Oct. 10NEWS OF THE CLASSES1893Mrs. George C. Sikes (Madeleine Wallin)is living in San Antonio, Texas. 19051902E. V. L. Brown, MD '98, and Mrs. Brown(Frieda Kirchoff, '05) started in April ona trip around the world-with an eye con­gress in England as the objective. The triptakes the Browns to Japan, Thailand,India, the Near East, Austria and Germany.1896A note from Charles. Sumner Pike in­forms us that he has moved from Detroitto live with his daughter at 3304 N. StreetNW, Washington 7, D. c.1901Harold Bennett Challis, since 1945, hastaught all the courses in Economics atHenry George School of Social Science inNew York and for the last three years hasbeen head of the correspondence depart­ment with 20 examiners. Carl S. Miner, head of Miner Labora­tories, Chicago, was elected a director ofCommercial Solvents corporation, NewYork. As a consultant, Miner serves on theresearch committees of several corpora-tions.1903 R. D. Calkins continues to make hishome in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, thescene of his work for many years.William H. Haas, PhD '22, continues liv­ing in Evanston since his retirement fromactive teaching at Northwestern University.He is engaged in writing and expects tofinish some of the projects which werecrowded out during the years of his activeIrving E. Miller, AM, PhD '04, emeritusprofessor of education at Western Wash­ington College of Education, Bellingham,Washington, was honored at the annualfaculty banquet at Western Washingtonin October. He had been chairman of thedepartment in Bellingham for 25 years.THE UNIVERSITYprofessional work.Ernest Quantrell, University trustee, re­turned home in April with Mrs. Quantrellfrom a tour of Italy, Switzerland, theFrench Riviera and Paris.1907George R. Martin, Vice President of theSecurity-First National Bank, Los Angeles,retired on April 30, after 31 years withthe bank. He will continue as a memberof the bank's trust committee. Throughthe years George has been active in numer­ous civic and educational affairs. Last yearhe was awarded an alumni citation forthis demonstration of good citizenship.N ow, he and Mrs. Martin plan a triparound the world next fall.Warren Scott Boyce, AM, is practicingmedicine in Los Angeles, although he is notnow active.William E. Wrather, director of theGeological Survey, received the AnthonyF. Lucas petroleum medal for 1950. Theaward was made by the American Instituteof Mining and Metallurgical Engineers.The medal recognizes distinguished achieve­ment in improving the technique and prac­tice of finding and producing petroleum.1908Miss Ethel Preston, AM '10, PhD '20, isfinishing her second year as head of theModern Language department at Vin­cennes University in Vincennes, Indiana.Bertha May Henderson Jones is directorof instructional materials in the gradeschools of East Hanwood, Washington.1910Harriet Sewall Dodd, SM, lives in Spring-Haskell S. Rhett has been associated withThe Anderson Company, Gary, Indiana,since 1946. He lives in Long Beach, Michi­gan City, Indiana, and reports meetingsoccasionally with Lyndon Lesch.Treva Mathews Worrell lives in WestPalm Beach, Florida. One of her two sonsis studying for the ministry and the otheris manager of the Miami Branch of theRailway Express Foreign Customs Office.Prior to residence in West Palm Beachshe lived in Fort Lauderdale, Florida,where she owned a furniture shop. Sheworks part time now as a junior account­ant in the office of Palm Beach's leadingCertified Public Accountant.Glenn S. Thompson is assistant advertis­ing manager for Carnation EvaporatedMilk. He went with the company in 1922when it was located in Chicago. The com­pany moved to Oconomowoc, Wisconsin,and in 1947 it moved to Los Angeles.Glenn likes the climate in California andsays: "I don't care if I never see anotherflake of snow or a piece of ice again." Adaughter is a freshman at the Universityof Redlands.Helen A. Carnes is busy supervising apersonnel department in Seattle, Washing­ton. She has been active in outside workand is husily engaged now in raising fundsfor a race-relations group. She has partic­ipated in a Great Books program for thelast three years.Mrs. Arthur G. Gill (Stella Launer Gill)has been busy with outside activities andthose involving her late husband's work. In1947 she was made an honorary member ofthe Illinois State Beekeepers Association,the only woman to be so honored in the58 years of the organization'S existence. Mrs.Gill is owner of the A. I. Root Company, OF CHICAGOFirst GraduationTwenty students will make up thefirst graduating class of the basicprogram of liberal education foradults at University College on Sun­day, June 22 at 8:15 p.m. in ChicagoTemple, 77 West Washington. Chan­cellor Robert M. Hutchins will de­liver the address.Graduates attended evening schoolfor four years in the program whichhad as its foundation learning howto think. In the four-part programstudents studied and discussed theGreat Books, attended laboratorysessions which made scientific ap­proaches to common problems,worked in communication work­shops and studied the art of listeningin lecture series form.Graduates will receive certificates.Tickets for admission are free andmay be obtained at University Col­lege in downtown Chicago or fromthe in£()rmation office on campus.field, Missouri. She offers instruction inprivate classes for club women and busi­ness men and women.Christine Bednar, SM, left last month toattend the 25th anniversary of the WomenGeographers in Washington, D. C.1911Mrs. Fred P. Cook (Zinna E. Bragg) isa social worker in Kansas City, Missouri.CLASS OF 1915dealer in Beekeeper supplies and wholesalehoney. In 1937 Mrs. Gill received a mas­ter of science degree in education fromNorthwestern. She carried one course asemester. For three years she served asstate chairman of Child Study Groups forthe Illinois Congress of P.T .A.Thos. F. Ryan is practicing law in Reno,Nevada. He has been there for 23 years.He has two sons. One is practicing law inMattoon, Illinois, and the other is takingan advanced degree at Illinois in Engineer­ing Physics.John P. McGalloway has been a lawyerin Fond Du Lac, Wisconsin, since gradua­tion. He was president of the WisconsinBar Association in 1947-1948 and is atpresent a member of the state board ofbar commissioners in the state.John William Chapman was appointedto membership on the Division of Correc­tion (The State Board of Paroles andPardons) in January, 1949. Last March he'resigned from membership but is servingthe Board in an advisory capacity. From1941 to 1949 he was executive secretary toDwight H. Green, then governor of Illinois.This December Chapman, Judge Harling­ton Wood of Springfield and Judge Wood'sson will engage in the general practice oflaw in Springfield.Ella Groenewold of Hastings, Nebraska,until her retirement, had been director ofhome economics at Missouri Central StateCollege for 23 years. She will tour Mexicothis summer. She has been very active inintellectual circles. She has been lecturingand doing organizational work.Frank E. Burleson, '14, retired as super­intendent of the Social Service Bureau,Norfolk, Virginia, in July, 1949. He hasspent all his time in social work. Mrs. MAGAZINE 21Ralph H. Kuhns, MD (Rush) '13, co­operated with the United States Chamberof Commerce and the Chicago Crime Com­mission in the promotion of National Men­tal Health Week.1912Bess Reed Peacock, SM '23, is chairmanof the science department and audio-visualrepresentative at Mount Vernon juniorhigh in Los Angeles.Charles B. Gentry will retire as dean ofthe University of Connecticut on Septem­ber I.Jean Mail Work Gibson, retired Chicagohigh school teacher, is spending her timein Ithaca, New York book reviewing andother public speaking.Robert B. Acker, MD (Rush), orthopedicsurgeon, has been appointed chief of staffof the new Northern Indiana Children'SHospital in South Bend.1913Mrs. William V. Poggenpohl is tutoringat Polytechnic Elementary School in Pasa­dena, California.Edwina P. Ruffner is a teacher at MiamiEdison high school in Miami, Florida.1914Oliver P. Kimball left for Rio-De-Janeirolast month to serve as consultant onEndemic Goiter at conventions meetingthere.Dorothea Tyler teaches in the Buffalo,New York elementary school system.Burleson is the former Anne McLaughlin.The Burlesons were both in social work un­til their first of three children came along.�rs. Burleson is now active in girl scout­mg. One son graduates from V. P. I. inJune.Harold A. Moore, who was elected a di­rector of Chicago Title and Trust in 1946,went with that company in 1931. In 1937he was elected vice president and in 1945was made treasurer, In 1947 he was electedsenior �ice president. He is also presidentand director of the Chicago Title andTr�st Building Corporation, in which ca­p�Clty he is operating head of the ChicagoTItle and Trust Building. He lives inWinnetka, Illinois.Ethel Young resigned from Illinois Wes­leyan after 20 years and is now living inFort Lauderdale, Florida. Before going toIllinois Wesleyan to teach (French) shetaught at Lake Erie College and at Grin­nell.Harry S. Gorgas is president of the Prop­erty Owners' Association of Garden CityEstates, Incorporated in Garden City, NewYork. Since 1932 he has been a partner inthe firm of Gorgas, Thomas and Company,mortgage brokers and dealers, in New Yorkcity.Ada W. Roberts is dean of women atCulver-Stockton College in Canton, Mis­souri. She also teaches in the English de­partment. She has been at Culver-Stock­ton for 27 years. She is a member of theboard of the Canton Public Library.Mrs. Louis Heyl Nichols (KatherineCovert) lives in the University area. Sheand her family moved here from Boston in1940. Her husband is associated with Bauerand Black Company. She serves on the22 THE UNIVERSITY CHICAGOboard of League of Women Voters and hastwo children. One is a Yale graduate. Adaughter was graduated from BradfordJunior College.Irma H. Gross, after a taste of highschool teaching, joined the staff of Michi­gan State College where she is still teach­ing in home economics. She received anadditional degree from the University anddid work with the U. S. Bureau of HumanNutrition and Home Economics. In herposition now she heads up the departmentof Home Management and Child Develop­ment. She has written two textbooks. Shehas taken six trips to Europe and a three­month trip around South America.Mary MacDonald Ludgin says: "If I hada chance to live my life over again I'd betwins and get a double helping." Aftergraduation she stayed on as an assistant inthe department of English. She marriedEarle Ludgin after seven years in the de­partment. In the last few years she hasfollowed an interest in collecting contem­porary American art.Ira A. Russ has his own engineering com­pany in New York City. He sends his re­gards to Hill Blackett and John Rich.Rex Van Bornstein, now living in Rich­mondville, New York, is retired. He hadbeen superintendent of schools in Harring­ton, Delaware. His hobbies include a work­shop with complete assortment of hand andpower tools in a camp in the Catskills. Hetook a freighter trip around the world andhas another one coming up. He spent onewinter in Honolulu and two in Florida.Kent Sykes, who lives in the Beverly Hillssection of Chicago, has been with A. G.Becker and Company, investment bankers,for more than 20 years. The youngster ofhis family graduates from Northwesternthis year_Frederick O. Schoeppel is principal ofWashington Junior-Senior High School inSouth Bend, Indiana. He has held thisposition since 1935. His hobbies are flowerand vegetable gardening and fishing.Lilliace M. Mitchell, living in Plano,Illinois, has written more than 1100 storiesand articles. Her hobby is raising show­type Pekingese pups. Son Bob is studentin the geography department in the Uni­versity.Ward H. Maris, major general, recentlyreturned from a long tour of duty on Gen­eral McArthur's staff in Tokyo. He is nowin Army research and development-ofwhich he is chief. His home base isWashington.John L. Garrison, Denver, Colorado, isactive in the business and investment field.He is president of the Denver alumnigroup.Lester R. Dragstedt, after graduationfrom Rush Medical College continued histraining in the department of physiologyat the University and at Rush. For severalyears he taught physiology at the Univer­sity of Iowa, University of Chicago and atNorthwestern. In 1925 he returned to theUniversity in the department of Surgerywhere he is now engaged in teaching, prac­tice and research.Bertha E; Collier of Decatur, Illinois, is"chasing this glamorous thing called'leisure' ." She is retired.Florence Heacock Colby has been granteda sabbatical leave by the Los Angeles Boardof Education. She is touring South Amer­ican countries.Gurney Young, after teaching social sci­ences in public and private schools in Illi­nois. California and Ohio, has taken updairy farming near Cleveland. OFGeorge Spencer Lyman, Highland Park,Illinois, recently became a vice-president ofRoche, Williams and Cleary, Incorporated,Chicago. He had been art director beforehis promotion. During the war he madea Mediterranean cruise to Africa with aconvoy to bring back a thousand assortedprisoners of war.Wallace E. Leland accepted an appoint­ment at Culver Military Academy, Culver,Indiana, in 1916-and is still there. Hehas been master instructor in the historydepartment for some time and serves alsoas director of instruction of the Woodcraftcamp during the summer session. He hasspent two sabbatical leaves at Chicago andHarvard.Carl W. Ulhnan is president of the Dol­lar Savings and Trust Company, Youngs­town, Ohio.Mrs. Harold T. Moore of Hinsdale, Illi­nois, opened The Little Book Shop afterher children went away to school. Shespends time doing Gray Lady work atHines hospital in Maywood and works vig­orously in her garden during the summer.She was Doris MacNeal.Genevieve Edinonds Dawley and her hus­band, retired General Ernest Dawley, areliving in Carmel Valley, California.• Mrs. George Wallace Carr (Caryl Cody)is on the state board of the League ofWomen Voters of Illinois. She is also ac­tive on the Highland Park, Illinois,Y.vV.C.A. board. Her four children arespread around the country, Son CodyFfanstiehl is in public relations and salespromotion for CBS in Washington, D. C.;Alfred is teaching at Stockbridge School,Interlaken, Massachusetts; Rose Caryl livesin Manhattan, Kansas, and Grace is livingnear the University and playing viola inthe Chicago Civic Orchestra.Mrs. Marie C. Craig is president of theWestchester branch (Scarsdale, New York)of the American Association of UniversityWomen.Ruth Allen Dickinson of Hinsdale, Illi­nois, is guidance counselor for WesternSprings, Illinois, public schools. WhenMrs. Dickinson's youngest child left for col­lege she enrolled at the University for amaster's in child guidance.Carl O. Nybladh has lived in Xenia,Ohio, since 1919. He has been in the ad­vertising and publishing business in Xeniaand in Dayton and is now in administrativework on technical publications with theU. S. Air Force at Wright-Patterson AirForce Base.Alfred K. Eddy started as a newspaperreporter and finally ended in the financialbusiness with Shields and Company. Hesays: "Before :t:lly arteries harden I aimto live abroad awhile in a secretly selectedtown in Southern France-or one I know asenchanting in Mexico. Anyone want togo?"George W. Caldwell, Cleveland, Ohio, isdoing free lance writing-"trying to capi­talize on the practice under Teddy Linn,Robert Morse Lovett and Robert Herrick."Son Charles is staff artist in the Museumof the A TC at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.Mrs. Edwin House (Celia Gamble) livesin Saugatuck, Michigan, and as extra cur­ricular activities is: restoring the Greek Re­vival Homestead, gardening, serving on theadvisory board of the Saugatuck SummerSchool of Painting and taking winter vaca­tions. She has three daughters.F. B. Evans has been a partner in thefirm of Paul H. Davis and Company, Chi­cago, for the last 20 years. He is alsopresident and director of the Berghoff MAGAZINEBrewing Corporation, Fort Wayne, Indiana,vice-president and director of G. HeilemanBrewing Company, La Crosse, Wisconsin,and director of Schwitzer-Cummings Com­pany, Indianapolis, Indiana, Burd PistonRing Company, Rockford, Illinois andUnited States Brewers Foundation, Inc.,New York, N. Y. Two sons, Robert OwenEvans and Franklin B. Evans Junior areUniversity graduates.Louise Small is director of the DoloresCounty Department of Public Welfare inDove Creek, Colorado.Mrs. Nicholas I Fox (Evelyn Hattis) ispresident of the Illinois-Indiana region ofHadassah. This region embraces 30 cities.Son Dr. Benum Fox, '40, was married lastAugust to Helen Witkin.William J. Crain, AM, is a minister inCary, North Carolina.1916William A. Smith, PhD, is emeritus pro­fessor of education at the University ofCalifornia.Charles Emberry Hedrick, AM, is a re­tired college professor living in Charleston,West Virginia.1917Roy Knipschild was married to DorothyKathryn Feeney on February 10 in Chi­cago,1918Mattie M. Montgomery has retired fromteaching and is living in Sedalia, Missouri.1920Paul A. Quaintance, MD (Rush) is doinghis bit to help the Los Angeles CountyTuberculosis and Health Association andother public health agencies with currentcounty-wide miniature x-ray film surveys.Mrs. Quaintance is the former EstherCrockett, AM '25.Joseph Sudweeks, AM, is associate pro­fessor of educational administration atBrigham Young University in Provo, Utah.John W. Harbeson is retiring from hisposition as principal of Pasadena City Col­lege, California.1921Frank L. Eversull, AM '27, has been ap­pointed professor of education at Wash­ington University in St. Louis. For thepast two years he had been lecturer ineducation.Louise M. Jacobs, AM '37, is managingeditor of the Chicago Schools Journal.Ludd M. Spivey, AM �22, DB '22, presi­dent of Florida Southern College, Lakeland,Florida, was hailed for his outstandingwork at a Founders' Week celebration re­cently. President Spivey observed his 25thanniversary at the college during the cele­bration. During his 25 years at FloridaSouthern-the faculty has grown from 15to 125. The student body has grown from128 to nearly 2500.1922Lora M. Adams teaches English at Stein­metz high school in Chicago. She touredEurope for six months in 1949.Mary Newlin, AM '25, is assistant highschool principal at Robinson High Schoolin Robinson, Illinois.Abraham John Harms, AM, is a clergy­man at the Woodlawn Baptist Church inChicago.1923Ruth Freegard retired last Septemberafter 28 years as chief of homemaking edu­cation, Office of Vocational Education,Michigan department of public instruction.THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE 231924Mrs. Edward French (Lilian AmandaNelson) is teaching in Rosburg, Washing­ton.Elizabeth C. Miller is retired in Sigour­ney, Iowa.Samuel Marsh holds the position as firstdirector of the Department of PublicHealth and Welfare in the state of Mis­souri.Clara H. Stroud is general supervisor ofthe Imperial County Schools in El Centro,California.Elmer Schutz, MD, is completing 25 yearsof practice at Mount Lake, Minnesota.C. MacGaffey, after a prolonged stay inthe British Isles, returns to the UnitedStates next month.- 1925Ralph E. Stringer, AM, is a writer, armyextension courses, U. S. Army, Fort Bliss,Texas.Beatrice Steale, AM, is in Puerto Rico.1926Herbert Raymond Pankratz is a historyinstructor at North Park College in Chi­cago.Charles E. Prall, AM, is dean, school ofeducation, Woman's College, University ofNorth Carolina, Greensboro.Hans Will Lawrence, MD, is medical di­rector of Procter and Gamble Companyin Cincinnati, Ohio.Harry Whang, whose Chinese Gardensbusiness was featured in the January issueof the Magazine, has been asked by the Re­public of Korea to accompany Dr. JohnMyun Chang, Korean ambassador to theUnited States, on a good will tour into thePacific.Mrs. Mabel W. Garrison (Mabel F. Wil­liams) is supervisor of art in the Chicagopublic schools.Charles Grandison Eubank is managerof the Kimberly-Clark Corporation in Mem­phis, Tennessee.1927Catherine A. Roberty, AM '41, is assist­ant supervisor of staff development in theIndiana State Department of Public Wel­fare.1928Theodore O. Zimmerman, AM '37, is asocial science instructor at Ottawa Town­ship High School, Illinois.Louise Carpenter is administrative assist­ant in the Dalton school, New York City.Clarence' Hendershot, AM, PhD '36, isassociated with program planning and eval­uation in the department of state, SilverSpring, Maryland.Ruchiel Mirrielees is a retired highschool principal in Portland, Oregon.Arvid T. Johnson, MD (Rush) '32, ispracticing medicine in Rockford, Illinois.James L. Garard was elected a Repub­lican committeeman in New Trier town­ship (Chicago area) recently.1929Miss Pearl H. Middlebrook, SM, attendeda meeting of the American Association ofGeographers at Clark University in Wor­cester, Massachusetts recently.Thomas S. Trigg, AM, is a mathematicsteacher at the Chicago School for Adults.1\1 rs. Trigg is the former Mary C. Rhodres,'18, AM '20.William S. Maynard, AM, is assistantsupervisor, Classification and Parole, Fed­eral Reformatory, El Reno, Oklahoma.Mrs. Olive I. Kniese (Olive M. Irvine) isa social worker in Rockford, Illinois. OF CHI C AG 0George E. Leonard Junior, JD, is con­nected with the anti-trust division of theDepartment of Justice in Kansas City, Kan­sas. ried in March to Mrs. Kathryn D. Hancockin Dallas, Texas.1933Theodore G. Phillips, SM '36, AM '49,teaches physics and is college treasurer atWilson Junior College.Thomas Walter Reul, MD '37, is asso­ciated with the Medical Arts Clinic inWatertown, South Dakota.Stanley Mosk, superior judge, will auto­matically be re-elected to 'another six-yearterm as judge of the superior court ofLos Angeles County, California. Six yearsago Judge Mosk received the highest totalvote of any judge in the history of Cali­fornia.Gordon R. Clapp, AM, chairman of theTennessee Valley Authority since 1947, ison leave while serving as chairman of theUnited Nations Economic Survey Missionto the Middle East.Mrs. John J. Staunton (Eileen Humiston)is a housewife in Oak Park, Illinois.Jeanette G. Morrison, AM, is associateprofessor of art at Cottey College inNevada, Missouri.Fred P. Mustard, AM, is head of thehistory department at Kokomo high schoolin Kokomo, Indiana. IHilda A. Davis is dean of women andprofessor of English at Talladega Collegein Talladega, Alabama.Isadore Alfred Aarons received a masterof science degree recently froni The GeorgeWashington University in Washington,D. C.1930Thelma Vogt Taylor, AM, is librarianfor the Los Angeles Harbor Junior Col­lege.Mrs. George F. Sullivan (Ruth. B. Frit­schel) is assistant teacher in Haverford,Pennsylvania.Ruth E. Jean Bailey, AM, is a referencelibrarian for the Quarrie Corporation inChicago.Dorothy Grace Cahill, AM '40, was mar­ried to William Byron Sargent of Pine­dale, Wyoming on November 24, 1949.1931Minnie E. Larson, AM, is teaching andsupervising art in the Nebraska StateTeachers' College, Kearney, Nebraska.Clarence A. Pound, AM, holds a posi­tion as assistant professor and consultantin rural education at Purdue University.Irby B. Carruth, AM, superintendent ofschools in.,Waco, Texas, has been namedsuperintendent of schools in Austin, Texas.1932·Viola Bower Roy, AM '33, is librarycoordinator for the elementary schools andlibrarian of Central school, Los Alamos,New Mexico.Mrs. John T. Bobbitt (Helen AdeleCahoon) is a housewife in Chicago.Dorothy R. Mohr, AM '33, is associateprofessor of physical education at the Uni­versity of Maryland.Charles D. 'Voodruff, JD '34, was mar- 1934Rogers Platt Churchill, PhD, is foreignrelations historian for the Department ofA CAREER FOR MEN WITH SOME BUSINESSEXPERIENCE WHO ARE SEEKING AFUTURE IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENTThe Procter and Gamble Company has an unusual oppor­tunity for a few men who have strong sales and leadershipqualifications, to progress to positions of sales management.Weare looking for men from twenty-seven to twenty-nineyears of age of demonstrated leadership ability who are will­ing to start as salesmen selling to the retail grocery trade anddevote the necessary time and effort required to becomethoroughly trained in our business. Recognition of abilityin terms of promotion to positions of management responsi­bility and higher than average earnings is anticipated for theright men.Remuneration will be on a straight salary basis, plus a liberaladded compensation plan. All business expenses will be paid,and a Company car supplied. Applications should includefull details on personal history and experience, and shouldbe sent to The Procter and Gamble Company, Personnel De­partment, 6th and Main Streets, Cincinnati 2, Ohio. Inter­views can later be arranged in our local District Officesthroughout the country for the applicants possessing thenecessary qualifications. All replies will be treated in �trictconfidence.THIS IS A REAL OPPORTUNITY FOR THE RIGHT MAN.24 THE UNIVERSITY CHICAGOState, Washington, D. C.Robert Benjamin Jefferson is teachingat Harvard University. His wife is theformer Nell Childs, '33.Elisabeth Rolf is teaching in the FortWayne, Indiana public school system. Shewas married last August to Edmund E.Voirol.1935David Haggard Humphrey. is a furnituremanufacturer in Puerto Rico.Elsie Francis Filippi is a teacher at theCalumet high school in Chicago.Eleanore V. Landon, SM '41, is associ­ated with the department of physiologyat Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.Wayne L. Reinert, AM, is a statisticalofficer for 5th Army Headquarters, Chicago.Ralph Mansfield, SM '37, is secretary­treasurer of Auto-Test Incorporated in Chi­cago.John Howard Schultz is contract repre­sentative for Ford Bacon and Davis, In­corporated Engineers in Chicago.Dorothy Mae Kammermann is an assist­ant in the legal office of Sears Roebuck.The Reverend Herman L. Barbery holdsa unique position at the Marble CollegiateChurch in New York City. Besides thepreaching. of midweek sermons as an asso­ciate minister of the Dutch Reformed con­gregation, he is in charge of co-ordinatingthe psychiatric and psychological servicesoffered by the church-sponsored clinic tomembers of the community.1936Constance E. Kellam is supervisor, Ham­mond office, Lake County Department ofPublic Welfare, Hammond, Indiana.Muriel N. Stanek, AM '41, is on the re­search staff of the Chicago public schools.Mrs. R. V. Smith (Ruth Metcalf, AM'40,) is assistant to the vice president ofCharles A. Stevens Company in Chicago.Martin Paul Elston, MD (Rush) is aphysician in Vallejo, California.Henry R. Sehmann, AM, PhD '47, willbe visiting professor of education at NewYork State Teachers' College, Cortland,New York, this summer. He is supervisingprincipal of the Washington Elementaryand Junior high school in Joliet, Illinois.Harold Eugene Enlows, SM, is professorof geology at the University of Tulsa inOklahoma.Rufus H. Moore, PhD, is associate pro­fessor in the botany department of theUniversity of Nebraska in Lincoln.Mrs. Byron E. Cohn (Essie White) PhD,has been elected to membership in theAmerican Association for the Advancementof Science.Morris S. Friedman, MD (Rush) '38,orthopedic surgeon, has been appointed tothe staff of the Northern IndianaChildren's Hospital in South Bend.Mary Alice Eaton Ericson, AM, gives hernew address as Department of Sociology,Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter,Minn.1937John C. Ransmeier, MD (U of C) wasmarried to Frances Ellen Starnes on De­cember 31.Mrs. John M. Smyth (Judith M. Fox)gave birth to a daughter, Mary Malinda,on November 17. Mr. and Mrs. Smyth havetwo other children.Henry Evert Dewey, PhD, holds theposition of educational advisor, SouthernMilitary District, Fort MacArthur, SanPedro, California.Barnerd M. Luben, AM, is field secre­tary for the Board of Foreign Missions, OF MAGAZINERepresentatives of the University spoke and answered questions before pri­vate and public secondary school administrators and guidance officers of thegreater Milwaukee, Wisconsin area in Milwaukee on April 20. The hosts for+hemeeflnq were Mr. and Mrs. Frank H. Lindsay. Mr. Lindsay was a trusteeof the University for 20 years and is now an honorary trustee. Lynn A. Wil­liams, Junior, vice president in charge of development at the University, spokeon the College and the University's beliefs in general liberal education,Eugene P. Northrop, associate dean of the College, described the organiza­tion of the Col'lege and helped Mr. Williams answer questions. John K. Rob­inson, College enrollment representative and acquaintance of a majority ofthe guests, was also present. Alumni in attendance were Marie L. Gross, '31,James D. Logsdon, AM'36, PhD'46, and William F. Rasche, AM'27, PhD'36.Pictured left to right are Mr. Northrop, Mr. Lindsay, Mr. Williams and Mil­waukee Superintendent of Schools William W. Theisen.(Milwaukee Journal Photo)Reformed Church in America, Kalamazoo,Michigan.Paul Harris, AM, is director of fine artsin the public schools of Waukegan, Illi­nois.Alden R. Loosh is employed by theCalco Chemical Division, American Cyana­mid. Company, Bound Brook, New Jersey.He IS assistant manager, Intermediate andRubber Chemicals Department. He waspromoted recently from assistant manager.Elliot Irwin Cohn is associated with theBoston Shoe Store in South Bend, Indiana.Floris Rottersmann spent January andFebruary in South America on business.Floyd R. Stauffer, USN, is doing researchin aviation medicine and physiology at theSchool of Aviation Medicine, Busacola,Florida.Donald K. Holway is a consulting en­gineer with W. R. Holway & Associates,Tulsa, Oklahoma. He has three sons.1938Ruth V. Ostlund is teacher and librarianat Lake Forest Day School in Lake Forest,Illinois.Esther L. Immer, AM, is secretary of theIowa Commission on Children and Youth.She is a citizen-participant of this com­mission which is an official non-paid com­mission appointed by the governor of Iowato spearhead Iowa's preparation for theMidcentury White House conference on Children and Youth. Miss Immer's regularjob is supervisor in the state division ofchild welfare.Mrs. Otis L. Splinter (Lois E. Leavitt)AM, is a homemaker in Bartlesville, Okla­homa.Isaac E. Michael, SM '40, MD (Rush) '42,is leaving private practice this fall to starta fellowship in internal" medicirie at Mayoclinic in Rochester, Minnesota.Earl Parker Johnson, AM, is assistantpersonnel manager of Frederick and Nelsonin Seattle, Washington.Robert Llewellyn Cravath is associatedwith the Singer Sewing Machine Companyin New York.Lillian G. Fletcher, AM '42, is assistant,division of child study, Chicago publicschools.Carl G. Anthon was reported marriedthis winter to Margaret Day. He is on thestaff of the military government in Berlin.1939Marjorie Goldman Eisten is the motherof a daughter born to her and HaroldElsten, '38, on August 26. The new daugh­ter's name is Jane Linda.William B. Sowash, AM '41, is in chargeof the Panama desk at the state depart­ment, Alexandria, Virginia. Mrs. Sowashis the former Ruth F. Mortenson, '42.Dorothy Haffa, SM, teaches social studiesat Marion, Iowa.OF CHICAGOTHE UNIVERSITYJohn Barton Ratliff, AM, teaches atSoutheastern Louisiana College in Ham­mond, Louisiana.Jack Kingswood Balcombe, AM, is anautomobile sales manager for the BartellMotor Company in Ellis, Kansas.Peter Frank Mancina, MBA, is a publicaccountant for the Arthur Anderson Com­pany in San Francisco.Robert M. Borg, SM '40, formed a cor­poration known as Borg and Company, In­corporated, in Springfield, Massachusetts.The company specializes in pesticides andequipment and consultants and operationalservice in industrial and soil fumigation.It also works with pest control in ware­houses, hotels, food plants, etc. The com­pany operates an agricultural experimentalfarm in Ossipee, New Hampshire.Robert E. Kronemeyer, AM '47, beganlaw practice in Chicago last year withDaily, Dines, White and Fiedler.Herbert D. Trace, MD (U of C) �42, hasbeen appointed to the faculty of the Chi­cago Medical School as Assistant in Surgery.Mrs. James R. Shepard (Jane Baum­gardner) still maintains part ownership inThe Glass and China House in KansasCity, Missouri. A daughter, Maureen, wasborn recently.Karl Conant Baumgardner, AM, is assist­ant registrar, Wilson Junior College, Chi­cago.Frances King Clyde is a director of nurs-ing in Philadelphia.Vivian S. Greenhoe, SM, is chairman ofthe Social Studies Department in theManistee High School, Manistee, Michigan.She is Michigan Coordinator for the Na­tional Council of Geography Teachers.A letter from Ray Hirsch, from NewSouth Wales, Australia: "Housing is verydifficult so we bought out a shop with aresidence attached right at one of Sydney'sfamous beaches. Now, while I am busybuilding up a business my wife handlesdry cleaning and sells children'S wear inthe shop ... We expect to sell the shoplater-we hope at a profit." He likes theMagazine, for news of classmates. Theaddress: 126 A Beach Street, Coogee, NewSouth Wales, Australia.1940Eleanor Gans Carson is a physician inJamaica Plain, Massachusetts.Robert Barry Brugman, MD '42, is aphysician in Seattle, Washington. His prac­tice is limited to diseases of the eye.Laura Pearl Huber, AM, is executive di­rector of the Duluth, Minnesota YWCA.Mrs. C. B. Hoffman (Lois ElizabethSpooner) is a housewife in Rutherford,New Jersey.Lawrence Honore Hirsch is a newspaper­man in Greensboro, North Carolina.Jack Russell Kronemyer recently becameengaged to Kathryn Elizabeth Ryan.Esther E. Kirchhoefer, AM, is registrarat Illinois State Normal College in Normal,Illinois.John H. Garland, PhD, Associate Pro­fessor of Geography at the University ofIllinoi s , Urbana, is Treasurer of the N a­rional Council of Geography Teachers.Arnold O. Diersen, AM, is administrativeassistant at Argo high school, Argo, Illinois.Edwin H. Badger, Junior has beenordained to the Sacred Order of Deaconsby the Right Reverend The Bishop ofChicago. He will complete his seminarytraining next month.Mrs. Paul T. Hunt (Beatrice A. Frear)and Mr. Hunt adopted a daughter, Mar­garet Lee, who was born December 27,1949. The baby came to the Hunts when FarewellFor the first time in 38 years, theC Men who return for the annualbase ball game and dinner on June 8won't find Opal C. Power in theBartlett Gymnasium office. On April28th Miss Power gave one last search­ing glance at her desk top, put onher coat and hat and walked downthe steps to University Avenue.Opal C. PowerIt was her last official day at theUniversity after 40 years on the Mid­way. The first two years were spentas stenographer and bookkeeper forthe Daily Maroon. Those were the.days when the Maroon was a stu­dent profit-sharing activity with BenNewman as business manager whileother members of the staff includedNat. Pfeffer (now at Columbia Uni­versity), Leon Stolz (now of theTribune editorial staff), LeRoy Bald­ridge, and George and Bill Lyman.In April, 1912, Miss Power wentto work for Amos Alonzo Stagg inthe athletic department where shehas just completed her 38th year.Miss Power's sister is closing herpublic stenography and letter shopin the Straus Building and the twowill retire to a home they have pur­chased in Petersburg, Illinois-a fewmiles out of Springfield and aroundthe bend from New Salem, the Lin­coln memorial village.she was five days old.Mrs. Charles R. Reed (Natalie A. Clyne)moved to Skokie, Illinois from Joliet, Illi­nois last month.Chester Jones, AM, teaches science andmath at Cass township schools, in Wanatah,Indiana.Annice D. Elkins, SM, Supervisor of In­struction in Osceola County, Florida, withheadquarters at Kissimmee, is State Co­ordinator for the National Council ofGeography Teachers.1941Mrs. J. Ann Hughes, SM, is executivesecretary of Alpha Omicron Pi and man­ager of the national headquarters in Ox­ford, Ohio.Ruth Van Weelden, AM '49, is a math MAGAZINE 25BIRCK-FELLINGER CORP.ExclusiveCleaners & Dyers200 E. Marquette RoadPhone: WEntworth 6·5380SUPERFLUOUS HAIRREMOVED FOREVERMultiple 20 platinum needles can be used.Permanent removal of hair from face, eye­brows, bac:k of neck, or any part of body;also fadal veins, moles, and warts.Men and WomenLOTTIE A. METCALFEELECTROLYSIS EXPERT20 years' experienceAlsoGraduate NurseSuite 1705. Stevens Building17 N. State StreetTelephone FRanklin 2·4885FREE CONSULTATIONWasson-PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phone: BUHerfield 8-2116-7-8-9Wallon'l Coal Makes Good-or­Wallon DoelEASTMAN COAL CO.Establilh.d 1902Y ARCS ALL OVER TOWNGENERAL OFFICES342 N. Oakley Blvd.Telephone SEeley 3-4488The Best Place to Eat on the South SideCOLONIAL RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone HYde Park 3-632426 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEA. T. STEWART LUMBER CO.Quali1y and ServiceSince J88879th Street at Greenwood Ave.All Phones VIncennes 6·90004u��1I.fCJ'R'CA1 SUP"LY co.Distributors, MIDullClUrers IDd Jabalrs .,ELECTRICAL MATERIALSAND FIXTURE SUPPLIES5801 Halsted St. - ENglewood 4-7500CLARKE-McELROYPUBLISHING CO.6140 Cottage Grove AvenueMidway 3·3935"Good Printin� 01 All De�cr;'ptiOlu"RESULTS ...depend on getting the details RIGHTPRINTINGImprinting-Processed Letters - TypewritingAddressing - Folding - MailingA Complete Service for Direct Advertiaera. Chicago Addressing Company722 So. Dearborn St., Chicago 5, Ill.\V AbltHh 2-4561E. J. Chalifoul '12PHOTOPRESS, INC.OFFSET-LITHOGRAPHYFine Color Worle A Specialty731 Plymouth CourtWAbash 2·8182 Steve Lewellyn, '48, University of Chicago Magazine photographer, and wife(Lois Arnett) '45, are pictured in their studio at 6725 Stony Island, Chicago.The Lewellyn husband and wife combination has been in business for one yearand boasts one of the most modern-looking studios in the city. Lois, whileshe attended the University, was president of Pi Delta Phi and a member ofNu Pi Sigma. She was publisher of the Student's Handbook. Steve belongedto Beta Theta Pi and was photographer for the Daily Chicagoan and Capand Gown. He won numerals and a minor C in tennis.teacher in Lansing, Illinois.Abram W. Vander Meer, AM, PhD '43,is associate professor of education at Penn­sylvania State College, State College, Penn­sylvania.Edward F. Grubbs, AM, is headmasterof Carson Long Institute in New Bloom­field, Pennsylvania.Edwin B. Libbey is professor of Englishat Panhandle A & M College in Goodwell,Oklahoma.John Edwin Newland is an allergist inSanta Ana, California.Evalyn Boyle Kinkead, PhD, is editorin charge of elementary publications forMcflormick-Mathers Publishing Company,Wichita, Kansas.Frances M. Hanson, SM, is on the ge­ography staff at the University of Pitts­burgh. She is serving as Pennsylvania Co­ordinator for the National Council of Ge­ography Teachers.1942Calvin Sawyier, AM '42, is with the lawfirm of Winston, Strawn, Shaw and Blackin Chicago. Mrs. Sawyier is the formerFay Horton, '44.Mrs. Mary S. Kunst, PhD, is a psycholo­gist in Chicago.Lawrence Friedman Markus, SM '46, isa student at Harvard. Woodrow Joseph Radle is a meteorologistin Vandalia, Ohio.Mario lona, professor of physics at theUniversity of Denver, is in charge of astudy of the effect of weather conditionson variations in the flow of cosmic rays.Frank Wisner Lynn, MD (Rush) is adoctor in San Francisco. He is connectedwith Letterman General Hospital.Bertram Maurice Beck, AM, is assistantto the director, Bureau of Public Affairs,CSS, New York.Erving E, Beauregard has been promotedto assistant professor of history at the Uni­versity of Dayton in Ohio. He recentlyserved as the University of Chicago's dele­gate to the University of Dayton's Cen­tennial Convocation.Robert Freedman is starting a fellow-RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING & DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMOnroe 6·3192THE UNIVERSITY CHICAGOOFUniversity High; 1940(University high school class of 1940celebrated its 10th anniversary at theQuadrangle Club early in May.Among those who continued in theCollege and Uriiuersitv after com­pleting University high are:)1943Sylvia Bernsen is married to DavidEpstein and has two children, Danieland Joel.James Blumberg is a lawyer work­ing for an employment concern inChicago.Beryl Brand is married to HaroldWalther and living in Elko, Nevada.She is building a collection of blueribbons from the Elko County fairsfor her canning, baking and garden­ing.Carl Christ is a research associateof the Cowles Commission for Re­search in Economics at the Univer­sity.Joseph M. Czarnik is weather fore­caster for Pan American-Grace Air­ways in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru.• Louis Levit, JD '46, is practicinglaw in association with Norman H.Nachman in Chicago.Richard Mugalian, JD '47, is prac­ticing law in association with Woos­ter and Summerfield in Chicago.Helen Quisenberry married EarlRatzer in June, 1945. The couplehas two daughters.Theodore Ridley, MBA '46, is as­sistant to the city manager of Mus­kegon, Michigan.Vytold C. Yasus, MBA '46, JD '49,was admitted to the Illinois Societyof Certified Public Accountants in1948 and in 1949 was admitted tothe Illinois Bar. He helped form thepartnership of Brabenec, Yasus andCompany in Chicago. The firm spe­cializes in public accounting andgeneral law.Doris Westfall is associated withthe advertising department of Shirt­craft Company in New York.1944Duval J. Jaros, MD (U of C) '46,has a surgical residency at Wood­lawn hospital.Julien H. Isaacs, MD (U of C) '46,is practicing internal medicine with his father and is a clinical assistantin medicine at Mt, Sinai hospital inChicago.Ann Hutchinson is married toWard Hussey. They have one child.Barbara Gilfillan is married toJohn Crowley. They have two chil­dren.Marion Baker is married to Mar­tin Salmon. Little Elizabeth Suzannearrived in 1948.Geraldine Berg is secretary to thepresident of Fritz Publications, In­corporated, Chicago. She is marriedto Charles E. Dowd,Suzanne Bohnen is a private sec­retary in Chicago. She has takentrips to Central and Southern Amer­ica and Europe.Jane Christie is married. to SidneyEpstein. Her hobby is piano study.Joan Wehlan, wife of RobertThornton. Morrison, is writing formagazines and working on a bookof children's stories.Richard Wall ens is connected withthe 'Varner Paper Company in Chi­cago. He is married to BarbaraFriedman.1945Hillier Locke Baker, Junior, MD(U of C) '46, is a resident in anes­thesia at Presbyterian hospital inChicago.1947Eric C. Lovgren is working for theKraft Foods Company in Chicago.He is concerned with supervisingquality control procedures in theproduction of margarine, salad dress­Ings, etc.Robert Simond, Junior is marriedto Helen Plaisance.1948Jack Millar is associated with thePelot Surveys, an independent mar­ket research agency in Chicago. Heis married to Lorraine Johnson.Theodore Friedemann, MBA, is aninvestment analyst for the NorthernTrust Company in Chicago.Grant Chave, AM, is an economicanalyst with the Ford Motor Com­pany in Dearborn, Michigan. He ismarried to Priscilla M. Shaw.ship in July. in. Otolaryngology at theMayo Foundation 111 Rochester, Minnesota.Norman Rudy, MBA '47, has been teach­ing statistics at Roosevelt College in Chi­cago while working on his doctorate. ThisSeptember he will begin teaching at Sacra-ASHJIAN BROS., Inc..STABLIIHED 1121Orien tal and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED8066 Soutb Cbiclao Phone REgent 4·6000 .mento State College in California. Mrs.Rudy is the former Phyllis Greenburg, '43.Irene Mary Speros is librarian at theSinclair Research and Development depart­men t in Harvey, Illinois. She was marriedlast September to Robert D. Herlocker.Maxine Marie Murphy is in the psy­chology department at UCLA. She wasmarried to E. K. Gunderson on Febru­ary 13.Wil!iam K. Tuttle, Junior, AM, is ananalyst for the public welfare administra­tion in San Francisco.F. Don Casper, AM, is chief of socialservice, Veterans' Administration RegionalOffice, Cincinnati, Ohio.. Raymond W. T. Pracht, AM '47, for­eign service officer, has been transferred MAGAZINE 27GLEN EYRIE FARMFOR CHILDRENDELAV AN LAKE, WISCONSINBOYS and GIRLS 8-12 Yrs.Farm experience besides camp activi­ties including swimming.June 20th to August22ndSend f.,r story of the Farm.VIRGINIA HlNKINS BUZZELL '13Glen Eyr;e Farm. Delava�. w.,w. B. CONKEY CO.HAMMOND, INDIANASALES OFFICES: CHICAGO AND NEW YORKPlaters- Sil versmithsSince 1917GOLD. SILVER. RHODIUMSILVERWAREIt.epaired, Refinished, 1.lacquer.dSWARTZ & COMPANY,0 S. Wabash Ave. CEntral 6-6089-90 Chicago•Old-fashionedgoodness ..•New creamysmoothness rSame rich flavor as ice cream made in anold-fashioned freezer, blended to newcreamy smoothness-that's Swift's Ice Cream![Swift & CompanyA product of 7409 So. State StreetPhone RAdcliff 3-740028 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETelephone KEnwood 6-1352J. E. KIDWELL Florist826 East Forty-seventh StreetChicago 15. IllinoisUAMES E. KIDWELLPhones OAkland 4-0690-4-0691--4-0692The Old Reliabl.Hyde Park Awning Co.INC.Awning. and Canopi.. for All Purpo •••4508 Cottage Grove Avenue•Auto Livery•Quief ( unobtrusive service,When you want it, as you want itCALL AN EMERY fiRSTEmery Drexel Livery, Inc.5516. Harper AvenueFAirfax 4·6400Since1895SURGEONS'INSTRUMENTSof ALL TYPES aEQUIPMENT and FURNITUREfor OFFICE and HOSPITALAll Phones: SEeley 3·2180V. MUELLER & CO.320-408 s. HONORE STREETCHICAGO 12, ILLINOIS The Esoteric Club, after a periodof inactivity since before the war,has returned to action.The first meeting since pre-wardays was held last July; a successionof affairs will be culminated for theyear with the traditional Inter-Fra­ternity Sing supper at Miss Lind­quist's Tearoom in the Broadviewhotel, 5440 Hyde Park boulevard, onJune 10. Margaret Grey Exter, '39,is chairman of the affair. She is as­sisted by Mary Reay Shostrum, '41.Officers elected last July are: Pres­ident, Mrs. Richard A. Davis (MaryHammel) '40; Vice-President, Mar­jory Hibbard Paltzer, '41; Secretary,Mrs. Shostrom; and Treasurer, Mrs.Robert Kaiser (Doris Daniels) '38.Mrs. Robert Link (Helen Howard)'39 was appointed custodian of per­manent records Mrs. Robert Massey(Annette Allen) '26 was placed incharge of campus chapter activities.The fall tea will be supervised byMrs. Arthur Abbott (Marjorie Ham­ilton) '33 and the Christmas lunch­eon will be handled by Mrs. CharlesRogers (Jane Myers) '37. Mrs. Exteris in charge of arrangements for thespring supper.The group met five times this year.Esoteric Clubfrom Frankfort on the Main, where he wasvice consul in the office of the UnitedStates High Commissioner for Germany,to Rome as third secretary and vice consul.1943Lois Louise Sentman, AM, is professorof social work at West Virginia Universityin Morgantown, West Virginia.John T. Kilbridge, AM '47, PhD '49, isinstructor in education, De Paul University,Chicago, and lecturer at University Col­lege.George Robert Price, PhD '46, is ascientific generalist in the RadioisotopeUnit, VA hospital, Minneapolis, Minne­sota.John W. Ragle is teaching English andcoaching at Governor Downer school inSouth Byfield, Massachusetts. He is con­tinuing graduate summer studies at BreadLoaf school of English in Middlebury,Vermont.Mrs. Lloyd G. Eddins (Doris A. Kerns)AM, is teaching at State Teachers' College,Buffalo, New York.A daughter, Sara Jean, was born toRichard H. Merrifield, MBA '43, and Mrs.Merrifield (Carolyn M. Vick, '42). The Mer­rifield family is living in Park Ridge, Illi­nois.A daughter, Anne Louise, was born toDr. and Mrs. Edward N. Homer, MD (Uof C) '45 recently. Mrs. Horner is theformer Althea J. Greenwald, '45.Leonard A. Walker has completed workon his doctorate in biophysics at the Uni­versity of California in Berkeley and isnow assistant professor of biophysics at theUniversity of Kansas medical school in Kan­sas City, Kansas.Mrs. Harold O. Blair (Bette R. Katz)and Mr. Blair are the parents of a daugh­ter, Ellen Roberta, born August 11, 1949.Philip D. McManus, MBA '46, has beenappointed assistant controller of the A. O. Smith Corporation in Milwaukee, Wiscon­sin.Chester Culver Hand, Junior was or­dained to the sacred order of deacons inSt. Luke's church, Evanston, Illinois onMay 13. After June I he will be assistantto the rector of Christ church in Winnetka,Illinois.Kenneth Lorimer Cook, PhD, is a geo­physicist, geophysics branch, U. S. Ceolog.ical Survey, Salt Lake City, Utah.Elizabeth Eiselen, PhD, Associate Profes­sor of Geology and Geography, WellesleyCollege, is New England Coordinator forthe National Council of Geography Teach­ers.Jennie Tilt, PhD, retired in August, 1949as professor of nutrition and physicalchemistry at Louisiana State University.Eleanor Lucille Criger, AM, is a medicalsocial consultant for the health departmentin San Francisco.Gus Garrigus, AM, is a social worker andinstructor at the University of Indiana.Harry Harrison Kroll, PhD, is a chemistin the department of chemistry, Yale Uni­versity Medical School.A lecture by Benson E. Ginsburg, PhD,associate professor of natural sciences atthe University, was recently included in aprinted booklet released by the Roscoe B.Jackson Memorial Library in Bar Flarbor,Maine, The lecture is entitled: "Geneticsand Social Behavior."Lawrence A. Hoffman, AM, is a candi­date for the doctor's degree at JohnsHopkins University, hoping to completethe requirements for the degree in 1950.1944Clara Lee Edgar, AM, is executive di­rector, Fresno Child Guidance Center,Fresno, California.A son, Louis Daniel, was born on Feb­ruary 25 to Rita Louise Solomon Klatchand her husband.Jack E. Kahoun, '44, MD (U of C), '46,is a resident in medicine at the Universityof California. His wife is the former JaniceB. Goode, '43.Mrs. Rebecca Carroll, AM, is vice-prin­cipal of an elementary school in Baltimore,Maryland.Deborah Ishlon is a publicist for Colum­bia Records in New York.Herta Eva Klank is associated with theSt. John's Riverside hospital in Yonkers,New York.A son, Robert William, was born to Dr.and Mrs. Laurence Finberg, '44, MD (U ofC) '46, on March 23. Mrs. Finberg is theformer Harriet P. Levinson, '45, AM '47.On May 6, 1950, at Winnetka BeverlyM. Glenn was married to J. Emery Long.Beverly has been practicing law in NewYork City and was treasurer of the NewYork Alumni Club for the big dinner atTown Hall Club in April. The Longs willlive in Providence, R. I., where Mr. Longis an officer in one of the banks.Mrs. Harold R. Appelbaum (Gertrude J.Black) is supervisor of school cafeterias inCorpus Christi, Texas.Mrs. Margaret J. Williams, AM, was re­cently promoted to the rank of associateprofessor in social work at WashingtonUniversity in St. Louis.1945Bess Marie Sutton, AM, is an elementaryschool teacher in Philadelphia.John Philip Reilly was ordained to thepriesthood by the bishop of Rockford, Hli-29THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting-Decorating-Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street KEdzie 3-3186Since 1878HANNIBAL, INC.UpholstersFurniture Repairing1919 N. Sheffield AvenuePhone: Lincoln 9-7180HAWTINPHOTOENGRAVERSPbo.o Engraver.Artists - Electrotyper.Make" of Prlntlno Plate.538 TelephoneSo. Wells St. WAbash 2-6480BEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO.24-HOUR SERVICEIJCENSED ow BONDEDINSUREDQUAIJFIED WELDERSHAymarket 1-79171404-08 S. Western A.... ChicagoTuckerDecorating Service1360 East 70th StreetPhone Midway 3-4404 nois at the Saint Patrick church in Dixon,Illinois last month.Mrs. Edward ·C. Dale (Martha Ericson)PhD, is associate professor of psychologyat the Merrill Palmer School in Detroit.David Moss Hilliard, PhD, is professorof education at Baylor University, Waco,Texas.Olivia Hill Coolidge is in the depart­ment of sociology at Hobart College,Geneva, New York.Mrs. Florence Emily Kubik Turek isteaching in Ketchikan high school inKetchikan, Alaska.Mrs. William H. Mathews (Laura L.Tolsted) is a student in the departmentof paleontology at the University of Cali­fornia.Kay C. Montgomery, PhD '49, is in thedepartment of psychology at Harvard Uni­versity. He holds the rank of instructor.1946Paul B. Kennedy is a minister in Ven­tura, California.Paul F. Moon, AM, is principal of aschool in Chicago.John Norman Dixon, AM, is editor andresearch sec ret a r y, Toledo MunicipalLeague, Toledo, Ohio.Hugh Victor Perkins, Junior, PhD '49� isassistant professor of education, Institutefor Child Study, University of Maryland,Mt. Ranier.Archie Eugene Hendricks, AM, PhD '49,is principal of Lincoln elementary schoolin Springfield, Illinois.Robert W. Moses will be graduated bythe University of Indiana medical schoolthis month.Pauline Mann, SB '48, is a graduatestudent in mathematics at Brown Univer­sity, Providence, Rhode Island.Sylvia Farnham is an actress in NewYork.David Owen Long is still teaching an­cient history and the history of philosophyat the University of Bridgeport in Connecti­cut. His second publication, "Our WorldToday", is just off the press. Long re­cently became engaged to Miss J. MarieAnderwald, member of the faculty inBridgeport's College of Business Adminis­tration. The couple was expected to bemarried last month.Leon F. Miller, AM, former director ofalumni education at the University, ischairman of the department of educationat Northwest Missouri State College, Mary­ville, Missouri.Edwin S. Clarke, MD, of England, wasadmitted to the Royal College of Physiciansa year ago. In December, last year, he wasmarried to Miss M. E. Morrison of Lough­ton, Essex. He is at the National Hospital,London.1947Walter A. Vonnegut is teaching the firstfour grades on Guemes Island-Anacortes,Washington.Cajsa Ulla Johanson is at present inSweden.Mrs. Annabelle D. Hilton, AM, was mar­ried to Dan H. Cooper, AM '38, PhD '46,on February 25. He is assistant professorof education at the state University ofIowa, Iowa City.Walter E. Wright is finishing his JurisDoctor degree in De Paul University's Col- LEIGH1SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: HYde Park. 3-9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERTELEPHONE TAylor IHS4350' CALLAGHAN BROS.PLUMBING CONTRACTORS21 SOUTH GREEN ST.P hone: SAginaw 1-3202FRANK CURRANRoofing & InsulationLeak. RepairedFree EdimatuFRANK CURRAN ROOFING CO.7711 Luella Ave.Real Estate and In8uf"ance1500 East 51th Street Hyde Park 3·2525Ajax Waste Paper Co.2600·2634 W. Taylor St.Buyers of Waste Paper500 pounds or moreScrap Metal and IronFor Prompt Service CallMr. B. Shedroff. ROckwell 2·6252SARGENT'S DRUG STOREAn Ethical Drug Store for 98 YearsChicago's most completeprescription stoc"23 N. Wabash AvenueChicago. Illinois30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEGolden Dirtlyte .(Io,.",.rly Dir'(Joltl)The Lifetime TablewareSOLID - NOT PLATEDComplete sets and open stockFINE BONE CHINAAynsley, Royal Crown Derby, Spode andDther Famous Makes of Fine China. AlsoCrysbl. Table Linen and Gifts.COMPLETE TABLE APPOINTMENTSDirigo, Inc.70 E. Jackson Blvd. Chicago 4, I'll.Telephone HAymarket 1-3120E. A. AARON & BROS. Inc.�resh Fruits and VegetabtesD;,tributor. 01CEDERGREEN fROZEN �RESH FIUITS ANDVEGETABLES46-48 South Water MarketLA TOURAINECoffee and TeaLa ."touraine Coffee Co.209 Milwaukee Ave., ChicagoO,her Plant.80lton - N.Y. - Phil. - Syracule - Cleveland"You Might A. Well Have The ael'"CONCRETETraprocJc Indusfrial FloorsMefallic Trucking FloorsMachine FoundationsSidewalJcs"Vlm .• "NOrmal 7-0433T. A. REHNQUIST CO.6639 So. Vernon Ave.CHICAGO 37. lege of Law. He has been admitted to theIllinois Bar and is in private practice inBerwyn, Illinois.Milton Hyman, AM, is a social worker inChicago.Mrs. Lois T. Winston (Lois G. Tyson)AM, is teaching in Little Rock, Arkansas.Robert L. Beyer, MBA '49, is in the creditdepartment of Ryerson Steel in Chicago.Herman Will, Junior is an administra­tive assistant, Commission on World Peaceof the Methodist Church, Chicago.James D. Laurits, AM, is a fellow ineducation at Harvard University.A daughter, Rena Isadora, was born inAugust to Bernard Steinzor, PhD, and wifeShirley Weiss Steinzor, AM.Francis J. Fallon, AM, is dean ofLe Moyne College, Syracuse, New York.Stanley Joel Levine, will be graduatedby the University of Miami School of Lawthis month. He is taking his degree withthe highest scholastic average ever at­tained in Miami's School of Law.Fred E. Fiedler, AM '47, Ph)) '49, is re­search associate in the department ofPsychology at the University.A son, Paul Gerrit;· was born to WilliamRoggen Oostenbrug and Mrs. ·Oost.enbrug(Elizabeth R. Headland) '44 on April 14.Betty A. Abrams is working in the pub­licity department of Crown Publishers inNew York.Robert J. Kibbee, AM, is assistant surveydirector for . the Arkansas Commission onHigher Education, Little Rock, Arkansas.Heinz F. Brauer is now attending YaleUniversity.1948George o. Braden is representative of theFireman's Fund Insurance Company, SanFrancisco, to the San Francisco JuniorChamber of Commerce. He was recentlyunanimously elected to membership in theworld famous Commonwealth Club of Cal­ifornia. He was nominated by Philip R.Lawrence, '40, LLB '42.A daughter, Ann Carol, was born to Mrs.Leonard Liebschutz (Nancy Ann Portis,AM) in Lying-in hospital o� February 12.Mrs. Liebschutz is the daughter of Mrs.Theodore Portis (Marion L. Ringer) '20.Mrs. Lorie Dodge Jerrell is a student atthe University of California.Arnold Murray Horwitch' i� a graduatestudent in textile at Lowell Textile Insti­tute in Lowell, Massachusetts.Kenneth Gutschick is teaching at NotreDame University during the second semes­ter of the current academic year.Keith R. Jewell, AM, is assistant profes­sor in the psychology department of NorthCen tral College, Naperville, Illinois.William J. Manby, AM, is principal ofthe Seward school in Seward, Illinois. Hiswife, Adah E. Manbv, AM '48, is physicaleducation supervisor in Seward.Kenneth Winder Porter, AM, is a teacherof English and public speaking at Antioch­Live Oak Union high school in Antioch,California.Robert Jay Cole, AM, is a social workerfor the King County Welfare Department,Seattle, Washington.Carl H. Abraham, MBA, is a traffic con­sultant for the Transcon Lines in Chicago.Louis Nemzer, PhD, is a professor atOhio State University. TELEVISIONDrop in and see" progromRADIOSFrom consoles to portablesRadio- TV ServiceAT home or shopELECTRICAL APPLIANCESRefrigerators RangesWashers BlanketsSPORTING GOODSFor all seasonsRECORDSFine P��I!��i��mfo�o��iidrenH ER11J1IAI!\lI��935 E. 55th StreetAt Ingleside AvenueTelephone Midway 3-6700Robert Gaertner, '34 Julian Tishler. '33TREMONTAUTO· SALES CORP.Direct Factory Dealerfo,CHRYSLER and PLYMOUTHNEW CARS6040 Cottage GroveMidway 3-4200AI.oGuaranteed Used Cars andComplete Automobile Repair.Body. Paint. Simonize, Washand Greasing Departments/HYLAND A. NOLANPLASTERING, BRICKandCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. Lake Park Ave.Telephone DOrch�ster 3-1579BLACKSTONEHALLAnExclusive Women's HotelIn theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering Gracftful Living to Uni­versity and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALL5748Blac:htone Ave. TelephonePLaza 2-3313Verna P. Weraer, DirectorTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 31"Is it too late, Doctor?"Sooner or later, one out of every five living Americansmay ask his doctor this question about cancer.THE answer may be: "Yes ... I'm afraidso ... "But, today, the doctor can say to in­creasing numbers of cancer victims, "No,it is by no means too late ... There is muchthat we can do ... In fact, your chances forrecovery are good."This heartening reply reflects the greatprogress of medical science against cancer.And there is every reason to, believe that,as the years go by, the ancient dream ofconquering this disease in all its formswill be realized.Cancer research supported by theAmerican Cancer Society has alreadyyielded new surgical techniques and im­proved methods of using x-ray andradium. More recently, research withrad io-acti ve isotopes has revealed factsa?out �rocesses heretofore completelyhidden III the body's cells. It has also givenscientists new knowledge of hormones andcertain anti-cancer drugs - thus making possible more effective control of sometypes of cancer.Part of the money you donate will sup­port research that may save millions oflives. Won't you give - and give gener­ously - so that sometime in the futuredoctors may never have to face anotherpatient and say: "I'm afraid it's too late?"Remember: Cancer can strike anyone,but you can strike back. There's hope - ifyou give for research and the other vitalactivities of the American Cancer Society.H E L P 5 C lEN C E H E L P YO UJoin the 1950Crusade of theAmerican CancerSocietyMAIL YOUR CHECK TODAY TOr­"CANCER" IN CA RE OF YOUR LOCAL POST OFFICE32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINELOCAL AND LONG DISTANCE HAULING•60 YEARS OF DEPENDABLESERVICE TO THE SOUTHSIDE•ASK FOR FREE ESTIMArE•55th and ELLIS AVENUECHICAGO 15, ILLINOISBUtterfield 8-6711DAVID L. SUTTON. Pres.CLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency68th YearNationwide ServiceFive Office&-One Fee64 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoMinneapoli&,-Kansaa City. Mo.Spokane-New YorkPENDERCetch Besin end Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sumps.Pump.1545 E. 63RD STREE16620 COTIAGE GROVE AVENUEF Alrtax 4·0550PENDER CATCH BASIN SERVICE1545 EAST 631D STREETBIENENFELDChicago's Mod Complete Stock ofGLASSGLASS CORP. OF ILLINOIS1525W. 35th St. PhoneLAfayette 3·84003 HOUR SERVICEEXCLUSIVE CLEANERSAND DYERSSinu I9201442 and 1331 E. 57th St.•EVENING GOWNSAND FORMALSA SPECIALTYMidway ������ • w. call/orand d.liwr3 HOUR SERVICE Ivo John Mersmann, AM, is teaching inMoorhead, Minnesota.Edward Francis McDonough, Junior isan extension associate, Institute of Man­agement and Labor Relations, RutgersUniversity, New Brunswick, New Jersey.Marjorie Louise Gordon is a clerk forthe Haire Publishing Company in NewYork.Jack H. Mankin, JD, who is practicinglaw in Lebanon, Indiana, is the Demo­cratic candidate for Congress from his dis­trict.Robert T. Joseph is a research chemistfor the Barrett Division of Allied - Chemi­cal, Philadelphia.Maxine Louise Kroman is a housewifein Chicago. She was married March 26 toArnold L. Tanis.Eugene Jerome Kaplan, AM, is an econ­omist for the E. C. A. mission in London.Edward Hamming, SM, is Assistant Pro­fessor of Geography at Augustana College,Rock Island, Illinois. He reports that anew department of geography now is areality in the college.Alfred K. Guthe, AM, is Junior Anthro­pological Curator of the Rochester Museumof Arts and Sciences in New York.1949A son, Anthony Charles Edward Craven,was born', to Harry James Olcott and hiswife on April 10.A. M. Wilkins, SM, -is associated with theweather bureau office, Atomic Energy Com­mission, Idaho- Falls, Idaho.Roderick de Camp, AM, is employed bythe state of Illinois as a member of alegislative research committee. He and hiswife are living in Springfield.Bob Lynott is meteorologist of the Port­land, Oregon Weather Bureau. He spokerecently before the Portland WholesaleLumber Association.Fred Resek, AM, is placement counselorat Sullivan High School in Chicago.Lowell E. Olson, AM, is chairman of theEnglish and Psychology departments atBismarck College in Bismarck, North Da­kota.Fiske Miles, Junior, AM, is a teacher ofsocial studies in Superior, Wisconsin.Mrs. Augusta Jameson, PhD, is psychol­ogist and guidance counselor in the labora­tory school of the University.Dwayne E. Huebner, AM, teaches in EastLansing, Michigan.Harry J. La Pine, AM, is a student atthe University.Richard L. Henderson, PhD, is directorof administrative research, Port Arthurpublic schools, Port Arthur, Texas.Bertha Benner Edwards, AM, teaches inChicago.Frances H. Dillon, PhD, is dean ofwomen and teacher of education at Moor­head, Minnesota.Eloise A. Borman, AM, teaches in Carlin­ville, Illinois.Alta Young, AM, is a principal in theschool system of Coldwater, Michigan.It was stated in the May issue that Jose­phine J. Williams, assistant intsructor insociology at the University, had been ap­pointed an assistant professor by the Uni­versity of Michigan. This is in error. MissWilliams expects to work full time at theNational Opinion Research Center nextyear. BOYDSTON BROS •• INC.operatingAuthorized Ambulance ServiceFor Billings HospitalOfficial Ambulance Service forThe University of ChicagoOAkland 4-0492Trained and license·d attendants'POND LETTER SERVICEEverything in Letter.Hoo". Typ,.rltl ••Multlgraphln.Addr ... Olraph 8,rvl ..Highest Quality 8.nrl .. MlmlOlraplll ••Addresal ••MIIII ••MlnlmulD Prl ...All Phones 418 So. Market St.HArrison 7·8118 ChicagoAMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. JACKSON BOULEVARDCHICAGOA Bureau of Placement which ltmlts Itswork to the university and college fteld.It is amliated with the Fisk Teach&�Agency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organlsatlonsassist In the appointment of admlnlstra.torsas well a8 of teachers.Our service Is nation-wide.Since J885ALBERTTeachers' AgencyThe best In placement service for UnIversIty,College, Secondary end Elementery. Nation­wide patronage. Call or write us et25 E. Jacklon Blvd.Chicago 4, IllinoisSTENOTYPYLearn new, speedy machine shorthand. Lesseffort, no cramped fingers or nervous fatigue.Also other courses: Typing, Bookkeeping,Comptornetry, etc. Day or evening. Visit,unite or phone for data.Bryant,% StrattonCO�yEGE18 S. MICHIGAN AVE. Tel. RAndolph 6-1575BOYDSTON BROS.. INC.UNDERTAKERSSince 18924227-29·31 Cottage Grove Ave.OAkland 4·0492DEATHSClarence A. Dykstra, who did graduatework at Chicago in the f-irst decade of thecentury, died of a heart attack when hewas fighting a grass and brush fire nea.rLos Angeles. He was provost of the U111-versity of California in Los Angeles.Charles F. Harrison, MD '96, died De­cember 14, 1949 in Syracuse, Kansas.L. Brent Vaughan, '97, died April 30 inChicago.G. A. Longbrake, MD '97, died July 28,1949 in Fort Myers, Florida.Charles Joseph Bushnell, '98, PhD '01,died in April in Toledo, Ohio.Mrs. John H. Harwood (Anne Reed) '99,died November 28, 1949.Charles Williams, '00, died recently inOntario, California.Mrs. Alice Dynes Feuling, '00,· died re­cently in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin.A bronze plaque commemorating thework of Laura A. Thompson, '01, whodied more than a year ago, was placedin the library of the Department of Labor,'Vashington, on Easter Monday of thisyear. The presentation address was givenhy Frances Perkins, former secretary oflabor, and the plaque was received by thepresent Secretary Tobin.Charles B. Frisbie, MD (Rush) '01, diedMarch 29 in Portland, Oregon.William B. Ford, MD '03, died Decem­ber 1, 1949 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.George W. Funck, MD '03, died May 19,1949 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.George R. Beach, '05, died at his homein San Diego February 22, 1950.Carter Godwin Woodson, '08, AM '08,died at his residence in Washington, D. C.on April 3, 1950. He was the director ofthe Association for the Study of NegroLife and History and editor of TheJournal of Negro History and The NegroHistory Bulletin.Mrs. Archibald R. Rate (Lucy L. Schenck)'10, AM '38, died February 27, 1949.Wesley B. Oldt, AM 'II, died March 30,19-1SMark M. Savidge, '12, died April 22 inOmaha, Nebraska.Leo H. Hoffman, '12, JD '14, died Octo­ber 17, 1949 in New York.Mrs. Dwight L. Smith (Dorothy Phil­brick) '14, AM '18, died April 21 in Chi­cago.Aden E. Hubbard, '17, died February 6in Normal, Illinois.Searle H. Lanyon, '15, died November 9,1949.William Hugh MacMillan, '17, died onDecember 7, 1949 in Hinsdale, Illinois.Lydia E. Frotscher, PhD '18, died Janu­ary 8 in Covington, Louisiana.Herbert H. Christensen, MD (Rush) '18,was killed in an automobile accident onJune 20, 1949. He had been a physicianand surgeon in 'Wausau, Wisconsin.Harriet F. Glendon, '19, died January31 in Cb icago.Mrs. Agnes Clare Yutzey Atkinson, '20,died March 19 in Clearwater, Florida.Mrs. I. o. Ash (Ruth A. Johnson) '28,passed away. No date has been reported.Wesson S. Hertrais, '31, died October 9,1949.Luther P. Jackson, PhD '37, died April13 in Petersburg, Virginia. He had beenprofessor of history at Virginia State Col­lege.Mrs. Warren G. Lonngren (Helen LenoreChapel) '43, died August 20, 1949. FROM: Madison Avenue, New YorkTO: Madison Street" ChicagoEarly in September Brooks Brothers,America's most distinguished Men's Store,will open a fine Shop at 72-76 East Madi­son Street, Chicago.Here it will b� our pleasure to serve botha host of old friends in the Mid- West-andthe many new friends whom we look for­ward to making-with a full and compre­hensive stock of our celebrated and exclu­sive clothing and furnishings. Custom andSpecial Order Clothing will be included,as well as a complete Boys' Department.Brooks Brothers welcome the opportu­nity of being a part of the capital of theMid- West ... and cordially invite you tomake our Shop on Madison Street yourshopping headquarters.ESTABLISHED 1818�6F���I1!�ens furnishings, Hats � _hoes346 MADISON AVENUE, COR. 44TH ST., NEW YORK 17, N. Y.111 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 6, N. Y.BOSTON • LOS ANGELES· SAN FRANCISCO£fometQme.1 Faatda�f!I more tkn -Me towItftomTHE MAN and his grandson came intothe clearing. "This is Lookout Point,"the man said. "I like to sit here and lookdown there at our town.""It's a swell place," the boy said.They sat on a flat stone ledge, manyyears weathered. Below them the townspread out in its irregularity like the huband broken spokes of an old wheel.As they ate their lunch, the man pcin tedout some of the landmarks. "You cansee the Rogers factory over there to theeast. See it?"The boy nodded and his grandfathercontirrued. "That's been very importantto our town and, you migh t say, I'm sortof responsi ble for the factory being there.""How's that?""Well, there were two partners startedthe plan t. They had a tough time of it.I was getting started as aNew York Lifeagent. One day I got them to take outsome insurance so, in case one of themdied, the other wouldn't lose the business.Some years later one partner did die­but the business kept going.""It's sure a big factory," the boy said."What is that big chimney over there?""Part of the Bronson Nurseries.There'squite a story about tha't nursery. I'll tellyou about it another time." He couldhave gone on by the hour, telling how hehad insured Mr. Bronson, whose widowused part of the insurance money to starta little flower shop which had grown intoa very successful nursery. Or he couldhave told about how Sam Dunbar had borrowed on his endowment policy tohelp get his gasoline station started.He could have, but he rememberedtha t boys like to hike more than theylike to listen.The youngster was looking intently athis �randfa,�her. "You sure like that town,don t you?"Yes, I do. I've been part of it for agood many years." He took a last glanceover the countryside. "Maybe an impor­tant part of it." He cleared his throat."Come on, Son, we'd better get startedfor home."They left Lookout Point behind themand headed down the winding trail.NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY51 Madison Avenue, New York 10, N. Y.FEW OCCUPATIONS offer a man so much inthe way of personal reward as life under­writing. Many New York Life agents arebuilding very substantial futures for them­selves by helping others plan ahead fortheirs. If you would like to know moreabout a life insurance career, talk it overwith the New York Life manager in yourcommunity-or write to the Home Officeat the address above.