T� tUN IV�RS lTV O�(�I (AGO MAGAZI N t,A LOT Of GROWING TO DO This is a big country and to furnishnation-wide telephone service, the BellSystem has had to be big for a longtime. But in the last few years it hasn'tbeen nearly big enough.Even though we've broken all recordsand added more than 6,000,000 new tele­phones in the past two years, there arestill about a million orders for servicethat we haven't been able to fill becauseof lack of equipment, switchboardscable and: buildings. Many more LongDistance tlrcuits also are needed.It will take time and a lot of moneyto make the Bell System big enough forthe nation's needs but we're on our way-in a big way-to giving you more andbetter service than ever before.BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEMQuiz Kids at MandelWe are fascinated by the plans themembers of the College Division ofthe Association are making for yourMid-winter all-alumni get-together atMandel Hall on Sunday afternoon,March 14.The committee passed up a four­dollar dinner with speeches; a paneldiscussion on the world crisis; a dem­onstration -of" the new College pro­gram; a national figure speaking onthe threats of communism; a woddauthority on exploding or harnessingthe atom; or even a debate on theGreat Books of the Western World.They've forsaken food for fun; cul­ture for comedy; social science forsociability. Their plans for you areappropriate but unique. They haveinvited the Quiz Kids to he our guestsat a regular broadcast and receptionto follow.The originator and owner of theQuiz Kids program is Louis G. Cowan,'31; vice president of the company isJoseph W. Bailey, '32, JD '34 (seestory on P. 26), both of whom will bepresent; the Kids' panel will includechildren of alumni ; alumni will com-Lon.ny Lun:cife, son of Arvi,d Lunde, '22 PADFathers of Qu,j'z Kids. lLonllY Lunde end dad, Arvid lunde'" '22" of P'ark Ridge, wHI both beon the: prog'ram: Mike Mullin, son of J,os'eph MuU;rn, SM '32, PhD '36, Dean of Stueden,ts, Divisionof B:iolog'i,ea:1 Sciences, will be another eo,ntestant. P,at Conlon and Joel Kupperman will bethe other Quiz Kids. 'pete against them in the broadcast;and the audience will be alumni andyour guests.Following the pmgram we wlll ad­journ to the Reynolds Club loungesfor a reception where you can meetMr. Cowan, Mr. Bailey, and the pro­gram participants, Many will enjoy,even more, meeting old college friendsduring this social hour.We almost forgot one other U. ofChicago participant in the afternoonaffair: The University of ChicagoSettlement.Wirth aU the causes from cancercure to bundles for the starving, wehave almost forgotten our own settle­ment back of the yards. The CollegeDivision thought this would be anideal time to' reme�nber them while they are fighting inflation' along withdelinquency.Therefore, tickets for the broad­cast will he one dollar including fed­eral tax, the net proceeds from which.will be turned over to the SettlementLeague. Enclose an addressed stampedenvelope if convenient. If not, we'llsee that the tickets reach you anyway.Here is the nutshell information:The date is Sunday, March 14 atMande[ Hall, 57th and UniversityAvenue.Mandel Hallopens at 2: 00 P. M.The program starts ait 2: 30 P. M.The broadcast is at 3: 00 P. M.The reception is at 3: 30 P. M.Bring wives, husbands, children orfriends who- you think will enjoy theprogram and reception.I The Alumni Association,5733 University Avenue,Chicago 37, Illinois.Enclosed find $ ..... � ... '. .. for .... ; .. '..... tickets' to the Quiz Kidsbroadcast and reception Sunday, �arch 14,1948, at M:a1idel Hall. ' ,-Name _ :. :' .. ;".":" '; _ ,, .Address ' '., .. ' ', ." ,; '.. '' .L" "Serious, Omi,ssions""Alumni, as well as students, who have aright to be proud of the University's better­than-average record in Face relations, have'an equal right to know the facts about 'con­tinuing discrimination on . the campus=evenwhen the facts are; ugly, and when the dis­crimination is of that particularly viciousvariety which says in effect: "Our hospitalbeds are for whites only."The students and faculty members whotook part in the two-hour "walk-out" anti- ,discrtmination protest reported in the Janu­ary issue of The University of ChicagoMagazine weighed long and carefully thepossibility of distortion and bias in pressreports before deciding to 'go ahead withtheir plans. Much to their' dismay, theydiscovered that only the Magazine story,of the 400-odd press reports from acrossthe country, €Ontained serious .omissiensand distortions.The article neglected to posat out thatstudent committees of t\Vo campus organ­izauens=American Veterans' Committee andCommittee on Racial Equality-spent someeight months in research and investigatlonprior to the walkout, and three weeks beforethe walkout issued a pamphlet containingsome 17 pages of sworn testimony docu­menting their charges of racial bias in thehospitals and medical school.The article neglected to note that thisdocumentation included affidavits from in­dividuals who had suffered this discrimina­tion; included minutes of a faculty com­mittee meeting at which the admission ofa Negro applicant had been termed "in­advisable" because of his race; included ad­miss-ion from the Superintendent of theUniversity Clinks that Billings Hospitaldoes not desire Negro patients and thatLying-In Hospital flatly excludes them; andincluded the testimony 'Of two former hos­pital admitting clerks, who recounted theirinstructions in the techniques of refusingNegro patient-applicants.The students who took part in the rallyand the continuing campaign, who comefrom some 31 campus organizations, of vir­tually every religious, political and socialaffiliation, wish to point out that the 1,000students lilt the rally were addressed by threefaculty members who volunteered for thetask: Malcolm Sharp, of the Law School,who told' the students they were doing a"useful and constructive job,", Robert Ming;of the Law School, and Maynard Krueger,of the College faculty, who said:"It is sometimes necessa;ry for a great in­stitution to compromise, but it is not neoes­sary for the University 'Of Chicago to com­promise where racial discrimination is con­cerned ... I urge the students to continuetheir fight until discrimination is entirelywiped out in this univeFsity community."The student committee is likewise happyto note that among the off-campus organ­izations expressing fuU support and approv­al of the campaign are the American Civils Liberties Union, the Chicago CouncilAgainst Racial and' Religious Discrimina­tion, the C.I.O. Regional Industrial Council,the N.A.A.C.P., and the American JewishCongress., We are happy to report that the councilof the University's faculry senate is nowengaged in an investigation of discrimina­tion in the hospitals and . medical school,in response to the student effort, to apetition from the faculty of the. University'sFederated Theological Schools, and to aresolution signed by 26 members of theUniversity'S social science faculty. in theCollege. ,.;And finally. lost in:,(h� w�1ter of testi­mony and investiga�ioh; are the' grimmestfacts of all: Negro doctors labor under anear-impossible 1;3,350 ration to the popu­lation; 99% of hospital beds in the countryare closed to Negroes; and in aU Chicago,all but 500 private hospital beds are "forwhites only." David Green,Chairman, Committee onCivil Liberties and Aca­demic FreedomThe Student AssemblyNostalgia... I was an assistant Critic Teacher inthe Sixth Grade of the School of Educationunder Dr. Jackman as Principal, which reocatled the past memories, especially thepassing away of President William RaineyHarper:I recall how interested all 'Of the Uni­versity students were in his recovery. Thepupils of the above grade asked if theycould sing to Dr. Harper. The request wasgranted. I was privileged to conduct thisclass to Dr, Harper's residence, where we, stood in the hall and sang two weeks beforehis death.The next day a letter from Dr. Harper,addressed to Miss Higgins, the Critic Teach­er, was received expressing his gratisude.Then I teok the class again to Mandel Hallwhere Dr: Harper was lying in state, visitedby thousands of his admirers.My love for the U. of C. has always beenan inspiration to me. If I have made amark in this world for higher achievementsit is due to my splendid training at theU. of C.Idella R. Berry, '14Newport News, Va,When I was doing my graduate work inthe University of Chicago in the field ofEconomics and what was then known asApplied Philanthropy, I also took a coursein the Major Prophets with Dr; Harper.A marvelous teacher was hel On one occa­sion he invited Dr .. Solomon Clark, the headof the Department of Public Speaking, toread to the class the .53rd Chapter of Isaiah.Dr. Clark had a natioaal reputation: wasgreatly in demand all over - the countrybecause he 'Was a distinguished elocutionist.When Dr. Cla-rk. with all his elocutionaryfrills, finished reading that remarkableChapter, 'Dr. Harper, his face flushed,pounded the des� and shouted: "This. isnot the way Isaiah would have read ltlThis is not the' way Isaiah would haveread it!" He then proceeded to read theChapter as,. in his opinion, Isaiah .wouldhave done. A marvelous performance It was;but I was sorry for poor Solomon Clark,even though- he fiunked me in one of hisclasses because I could not commit tomemory the Gettysburg Address.One of our most stimulating teachers wasProfessor George E.. Vincent. He gave a2 course In Introduction to Society, the titleof a book written by him and ProfessorAlbion W. Small, Chairman of the SociologyDepartment.When the class assembled for the firsttime, Dr. Vincent made the following an­nouncement in his rapid manner: "A dayor two ago I received a letter from a veryfashionable woman on Lake Shore Drivethat her daughter was about to- make herdebut in society. Would my course be help­ful? I may as well inform you, young ladies,now, that if any of you think this course. will aid you in making a successful debut,you may as well drop out."On another occasion when Professor Vin­cent was discussing crowd psychology, heremarked: "There are three kinds of ap­plause - mechanical, philanthropic, and,spont�neous." Jacob Billikop£, '03PHILCO R. C. A. CROSLEYG. E. FARNSWORTHRADIO SERVICERECORDSWASHERS REFRIGERATORSRANGESSPORTING GOODSH ER �J1IAI/\V�5935 EAST 55th STREETAt Ingleside AvenueTelephone Hyde Park 6200Robert Gaertner, '34 Julian Tishler, '33BLA:CKSTQNEHALLAn'Exclusive Women's Hotelin theUniversity :,�f Chi.cago Dis�rjct,Ollering' 'G,raceful Living to Uni­versity and Business Women atModerate T a.riffBLACKSTONE HALL,5748,Bilackstone Ave. TelephonePlaza 3313Verna P. Wern8r.Oir.�torBRAIN AND INTELLIGENCE, byHalstead. The .Unlversi+y ofPress, $6.00.This monograph is the result of years ofexperimental work designed to show therelationship between intelligence on onehand and anatomical and physiological dis­turbances of brain function on the otherhand. A· battery. of tests has been devel­oped which is much' more sensitive thanpreviously known methods in indicatingorgani: !>rain d3u:�age resulting from tu­mors, Injury, anoxia, etc. Strong evidenceis presented to support the view that le­sions of the frontal lobes of the brain aremuch more important than others in caus­ing deterioration of the intellect. Halsteadis able to demonstrate this deteriorationwhen the responses to standard intelligencetests are unchanged. Two major contribu­tions are made: one of importance in ad­vancing the theory of intelligence and oneof practical clinical significance.A four factor theory of intelligence isdeveloped and evidence is presented to sup­port the independent identity of each fac­tor. Each of the four is described at somelength from evidence provided by the dif­fering response of individual patients andsubjects to the various tests applied. Al­though the statistical method of' factoranalysis was used in this development, thepresentation is such that familiarity withstatistics is not necessary for an under­standing of the psychological theory.Of less apparent importance to the au­thor but of great significance to clinicalmedicine is the rather sharp distinction be­tween mild intellectual deterioration re�suIting from brain damage and emotionaldisturbances: manifested by anxiety and de­pression which his methods make possible.This is of major importance to neurologyand psychiatry and will doubtless lead torapid development of this new field of in­ves tiga tion.The style is clear and simple and theprinting. excellent. The book is impor­tant reading for all' psychologists and clini­cians but should be of interest to intelli­gent laymen with curiosity regarding the,meaning of intelligence and the methodsof studying it.WRIGHT ADAMSASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, MED!I'CINELEISURE TIME EDUCATION by Anna MayJories, '25, Harper, $2 .. 75.rThs is a handbook of creative activitiesfor teachers and group leaders. It is full ofpractical ideas gathered from two hundredschools and community centers throughoutthe country. The author is Educational andVocational Counselor for the New York'City Public Schools. JHE�NIVERSITY . OF CHICAGO I.: 'ti��; MAGAZINE ' ..··�:l�.fi'" <��f�.,':'x;EDITOR'S MEM'ci "PAul :"'. ISS U ELETTERSBOOKS -GANDHI'S LIFE AND DEATH,. Roundtable Broadcast -NEW YEAR'S DAY IN HONOLULU, Edgar J. Goodspeed -FIVE EVIL GIANTS, Herman Finer -ONE MAN's OPINION, William V. Morgenstern -FRED- CONRAD KOCH,. Hermann 1. Schlessinger -NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES, Jeanette Lowrey -CALENDAR -CONSTITUTION OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION -NEWS OF THE CLASSES - 12358-10- 13- 14- 15- 20- 22-, 25COVER: Two famous coaches, Herbert O. Crisler, '22, and AmosAI,o,nzo Stagg,' at Order of C reunion in the home 'of Nor­man C. Paine, '13, MD Rush '18. G'lendale, California.Published by the Alumni Association of the University of Chicago monthly, from Octoberto June. Office of Publication, 5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, Illinois. Annual subscrip­tion price $3.00. Single copies 35 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 19S'. atthe Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under the act :of March 8, 1879,. The American AlumniCouncil, B. A. Ress, advertising director, 22 Wasnington Square, New York, N. Y., 15 theofficial advertising agency of the Magazine.AMERICAN INDIAN EDUCATION by EvelynC. Adams", who had done graduate work inSocial Science Admrinistration, Kimg's CrownPress, $2.25.A history of our official attitude towardthe American Indian, "whose lands we havetaken and trafficked in and whose culturewe have adulterated."ON ESSAYS OF SHAPESPEARE by GeorgeCoffin Taylor, PhD'05, Putnam,Informal essays on Shakespeare's ideas.Other books and publicationsIvar Spector, PhD '28, is editor of a bi­weekly magazine: Soviet- Press Translations.It is published by the Far Eastern Instituteof the University of Washington, Seattle.Subscriptions: $10 annually; 'foe per copy.3 BUSINESSCAREIERSEnter the busmesa world well prepar-ed.Qualify for the pleasant, bet tee-payjng po- :siitions. that are hetd onlv by trained P"er-'sonnel. Since 1904, youlng men and womenof Chicago have increased their earningeapaclty through MacCormac training.Register now for any of the followittlgcourses:• TyPing .' Accounting• Shorthand • Business Administration• Stenograph • Advertising• Comptometry • E;x:e�otlve Stlcrt;ltarfalDay or evening classes. G. I. Appro,ved.Visit us.Phone or write for catalogMac CORMAC SCHOOLSLOOP57 W. Monroe St.RANdolph 8595 SOUTH SIDE1170 E. 63rd St.BUT,terfleld 636.3Left to right: Seated-Mrs. LaMont, Mrs. Spivek, Mrs. Bart Smith, Mrs. Brenneman, 'Mrs. Vruwink, Mrs. W. Kennedy. Secondrow, starting with Mrs. Paine in white blouse, Mr. Stagg, Mr�. Stagg, Mrs. Crisler" Mrs. Reber, Dr. Brenneman. In front ofarch-Dr. LaMont, Dr. Spivek, Paul Stagg, Mrs� Paul Stagg, Mrs. Yardley, Fritz Crisler, Jim Reber, Barton Smith (behind Dr.Brenneman). In the arch-George Yardley, Dr. Paine, Walker Kennedy, Dr. Eric larson, Dr. Julius Kahn.Mr. Howard W. Mort, EditorI;Iniv,ersify of Chica,go Magazine573'j U'niversity AvenueChicago' 37, 'I1Iino;sDear Howard:At "he lirst possible moment, I am repod,ing ,to you, withillustrations, an unusual a/umn; gathering 'held �t our homeon December 2.8, .J947, shortly prior to the' New Year's fes­t,ivit,i:es at Pasadena. (Hot 50 leslive for U.S.C.!)January', J948About November ht, Ferne and I began to plan the alJa;rand contacted "fr,ifz�' and Mrs. Cr.isler a.nd Mr. a,nd Mrs.Stagg. The only flaw. was that we wer,e certain our list of"C" men in these parts was not complete. There were "dozen who' had to "regret" :buf twenty-live IIC" men werepresent wit'h wives and a few of the next generation. Onlyone grandson showed up-my most recent (5th), a' strappingyouth 01 lour weelcs. There were seventy in all at the party.About 2:00 P.M., I called, for the "Old ManU and Mrs. Staggand ran them over' to Glendale. Soo'n, IIShorty" Des Jardien,12 lefter-man and All American center in, 1,913, arrived withhis wJfe, V.i" accompanied: by Dr. Freel Su.r,tlcy a,nd wife, nowof Pasadena, i,ormerly 9' E,va;nston.i� Ci few minutes, Herib Ahls;weed ana his wife, and .M'I$.·F'red· Speilc,- a.nd Norm Barker ana' .wife, arr-i,ved from LongBead,.' rhen, Sanford a:nd Mrs. I.y,on came in f'rom Pomona.Bob (find Mrs. Sa:ird, Irom Carlsbad, 100 miles south, couldn'tsfay away.·Dodo'I's were a dime a dozen. Dr. /Ifred ,Swclc., and y,our,hium:ble were two. A'Iso, D,r. loihn Vruwink w:;th Mrs. DoloresCoste'llo VruwinlC wert! therei Dr. and Mrs. Julius Kahni Dr.and Mrs. Mandel Spivek.; ,Dr. ,a,nd I\,.,s. Eric Larson; Dr. andMrs. Wyant 1.0 Monti Dr. Omar Faireed and· Dr. a,nd Mrs.Richard Brenneman. The la,t"e'r ,prayed with ,the Old Manon the '1892 outli,t.Dr. Pau'l Stagg ;s a Ph.D. and I susped Anton 'Burg, ,the oldhigh jumper, ;s another. He;s a chemistry prof. at U.S.C.Barfon Smith and Laurel Smith were o,n tap with their wives,and "Fat" Rebe.r and George Yardley, with theirs. George'sson saved the day lor the refreshments. He made a loundtrip fo the punch bowl and "c" cake.s with every new groupgoing that way. We couldn't get the gang away Irom Mr.Sta99 and "Fritz" and thei'r ch,a,rm'ing wives, but YoungGeorge was a good decoy. Clyde' Blair, the old sp.rin.ter, Conference champion in 1905,and his wile, were present. Clyde must be 60++, not agray hair, no .waistline, still ./oolcs lilee a sprinter. BillyEldridge" �0'1, the Corona rancher; Harry and Mrs. Hargreavesi,and Earl Mahanna'h'.Wal'hr ICenned.y and Ms wile-there is a personality pair.'Walker was the cheer leader when "Fritz" was a senior in'27. Do yiou remember tho'se Princeton games? And CharlesHowe, pitcher in '04. I overheard Mrs. Howe SCiy to the OldMa,n, II At' last, alter lort,y years, I am privileged to meetCharlie's wonder/ul Mr. Stagg.1IOh yes! Sig fEd Pa.rry, wife, daughter and son-in-law. Edwas :in rare form.The Old Man at 85 was more than a match lor us. He neverlorgets what we did 30, 40, 50 years ago. "l1/ino;s wasleading us and I saw that you, etc., etc." Or, "/n the Michi­gan game 01 1900, you this or that."At one point, Shorty Des, now 265, and I, were tal Icing toMr. Stagg and I suggested that we sit down. The OldMan rejoined, "Yes, 'Red', you and 'Shorty' do look f;redbut I don't need to sit down." He never drew a slow breathfor lou·r' hours.He and Fri,tz Crisler were the only two sti" active in foot­ball, and frequently would moye aside to compare notes on,,lie meeting of the Rules Committ.ee, or N.C.A.A. matters,Coaches' Association, etc.The warmth and joy exhibited' as we gathered around fhatGrand Old Ma-n wa,s really something to write home ahout., eve'n venture t.O say that in no other department of the Uni­v,rsity could (I reunion 01 super-in,tellectua/s approach ourlittle party in the depth 01 human a,ffection evident.·Quite a day! And as Mrs. Stagg said afterwards, III thinKFritz Cris'I.er's' bring,ing ever a pocketl,ul 01 50-yard lineticlcets for the Rose Bowl game was t,he most thoughtlul deedan old "C" ma,n could possibly have done."I am sorry that camaraderie of Big Ten intercollegiate at"'eticcompetition has disappeared at my Alma Mater. Some of usstill believe it weighs heavier than gold in co/lege memoriesand lile ya/ues. Sest Regards,Glend'ale, CaUIornia "Red" Paine '13, M.D. 'J84GANDHI'S LIFE AND DEATHIts Meaningfor' MankindThis is the sevente:enth anniversary broadcast, to the day,of the University of Chicago Roundteble, Fehruary I, 1948.This broadcast created a more spontaneous and fevoreblenational respose than any broadcast in recent years. Over2,000 [etters of commendation Were received al the radiooffice the first two days following the broadcast. Thetranscript, from which this was reprinted, has a supplementof Gandhi's writings, e.g., God, Prayer, Fasting, Cri�eand Punishment, etc. Ten cents, addressed to the RadioDepartment, The University of Chicago, Chicago 37, willbring you a, copy. -From New YorkMr. Milton Mayer: Halfway around the world lastFriday, an old man was murdered, and the whole worldwas shaken.This old man had no possessions; he had no position.His life was worth nothing to him; and his death did notbother him. But the world was shaken because, without,an army, a navy, an air force, without a stick or a stone,without pqwer or patronage, he pulled down the pillarsof an empire and brought freedom. to a subcontinent offour hundred million unarmed people.To most, white men he was a comical, certainly 'an un­realistic, figure. Alongside the strong men of our age'­the Roosevelts, Churchills, and Stalins-he was unim­pressive in his shawl and his loincloth. But the meekwere once told that they would inherit the earth; andnow men everywhere are wondering whether this meek­est of men may not have been the strongest man' of ourage. Millions of people followed him without benefit orpromise of benefit. They followed him to prison and toprayer and to freedom.,We are not concerned here with the immediate politicalconsequences of his death. Instead, we ask: What was hissecret? Where was his strength? Why with his emptyhands, was he more terrible than an army with banners?As participants in this discussion the ROUND TABLE isprivileged to 'present three eminent Indians and an emi­nent American. They speak today, all of them, despite asense of great personal loss.It is appropriate that we hear first Hi'S Excellency, M.Asaf Ali, because of his intimate association with Gandhithrough India's long struggle for freedom. He has sharednot only Gandhi's imprisonments but also his triumphin India's independence. To present His Excellency, M.Asaf Ali, first Ambassador of Free India to the UnitedStates, we take you now to Washington. From Washingto'nHis Excellency, M. Asaf Ali: After seventy-eight yearsof the richest life on this planet, Mahatma Gandhi haspassed into the eternal realm of the spirit. The funda­mentals of his belief and tirelessly active life derivedfrom the eternal urge of the noblest aspirations of- thehuman race; and by that token he belonged to thy worldand not merely to the country of his birth. The spiritof his faith and the example of his life will girdle theearth in ever widening circles as time recedes from thepresent. What he preached and practiced is to be foundin the essence of every great religion. He insisted ongood and pure means for the attainment of good andpure ends, for he held that unlike means could not'produce the right ends.He was by general acknowledgment' the touchstoneof human conscience, and he lived, ceaselessly worked,and died vindicating the deepest and noblest urge ofhuman nature. N ability and purity of thought, word,and deed expressed in truth, ·1�)Ve, and peace, which hesummed, up in the golden gospel of non-violence, con­stituted his criterion of all human conduct.He will grow in stature as time passes by and thenearer human beings come .to the realization of theirdreams of inner and outer peace-not the peace of theinert hut the confident peace of the dynamic. His con­tribution to the thought of the world win grow in sterlingworth. He experimented with the universally acceptedfundamentals of human nature on a scale unknown tohistory and gained the ear and the first requisite ofpolitical and social freedom of very nearly one-fifth ofthe human race in his own lifetime. The greatest ofteachers and prophets of the highest moral stature havenever witnessed in their lifetime such world-wide recog­nition. He honored and. adopted the best of every reli ..gion, and therefore he was eminently unique in main­taining the highest level of tolerance which gave himsupreme serenity of mind.In less than a quarter of a century, by endeavoring"howsoever inadequately, to pursue the principles whichhe had laid down for human conduct, one-fifth of theentire human race Was galvanized out of apathy, fatalism,and dejection into self-respect, dignity, and a dynamicurge and achieved the first condition of national free­dom: The fuller realization of his dream of the highTysensitive, morally conscious, and· nobly active India can­not fail to materialize.In this world, distracted ]by the dash of ideologies andconflict of national, racial, and other prejudices, hestood for more than a quarter of a cent�ry as the highesttowerof light, warning all against disastrous inadequacies.With the passage of time, his voice will mingle with thevoice of all the great prophets and moral teachers of thepast and will be heard from uncounted pulpits.6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEFrom New YorkMr. Mayer: We are grateful to His Excellency, M.Asaf Ali, the. Indian Ambassador to the United States,for the statement we have just heard.We now present on this ROUNDTABLE the two principalfigures in the current Security Council effort to restoreorder throughout all India, The first. is Sir MohammedZafrullah . Khan, Foreign Minister of Pakistan. Topresent Sir Mohammed Zafrullah Khan, Pakistan's For­eign Minister and representative at the Security Council,we take you now to Chicago.From ChicagoSir \Moharnmed Zafrullah Khan: Gandhi's deathmarks the end of an era, certainly for India. It is difficultto forecast what turn India's. destiny may now take.As the world -is well aware, Gandhi's great fight wasfought for the liberation of India from the political domi­nation of Britain. To carryon this fight, he devised awhole armory of weapons of an entirely new pattern;and, though even some of his closest followers weredoubtful of their efficacy and were, on occasion, some­what impatient with his philosophy, Gandhi lived to. achieve a complete vindication of his methods in so faras the winning of India's political freedom was concerned.World events no doubt contributed largely toward thisconsummation, and the due credit must also be accordedto. Britain for the greatest act of faith and. courage inthe political history of the world. But it will be univer­sally recognized that it was given to Gandhi, within thebrief space of one generation, to revive, among the teem­ing millions of India, a deep sense of dignity and self­respect and a passionate longing for liberty.Gandhi was conscious that for the achievement of hispurpose he must generate and release tremendous forces,and he realized that, in order to direct these forces intoa beneficient and constructive channel, he must imposeupon them the obligation of nonviolence. It is one ofthe ironies, of an inscrutable fate that the man who hadsought to- base his whole philosophy of life on nonvio­lence should have fallen victim to the assassin's bullet.That bullet has not only killed Gandhi, deeply belovedof hundreds of minions, highly revered in all corners ofthe world, but has become the signal of violence betweenthose whom Gandhi had sought all. his life to knit intoa brotherhood. It is always difficult to trace the motivesof so senseless and dastardly a deed, but one cannot en­tirely put away the reflection that Gandhi's very devo­tion to the cause of communal harmony incited the fouldeed which has deprived humanity of one of its gentlestand most-devoted servants, This dark deed has not onlycast a gloom over India but may, it is feared, prove thepreCl!lrsor of unrestrained violence, rending the subcon­tinent asunder from one end to the . other. It is devoutlyto be hoped and prayed for that the leadersof the differ­ent parties and sections in India will forthwith dedicate all their energies to the single-minded purpose of avertingthat calamity and accelerating the achievement -of thosehumane and beneficent ideals for which Gandhi strovethroughout his life.From New YorkMr. Mayer : You have just heard Sir MohammedZafrullah Khan, Foreign Minister of Pakistan and itsrepresentative at the Security Council of the United Na­tions. Thank you, Sir Zafrullah, for your. contributionto our discussion.We turn now to Mr. N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar, In­dia's representative 'at the Security Council and Ministerwithout Portfolio. Mr. Ayyangar. .Mr. N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar: Once in many cen­turies history produces a man whose life and ideas are asa beacon for generations to come. Gandhi belongs tothis seleot company. .Embodying in himself some of the most precious idealswhich mankind has inherited, he has yet stamped themwith his distinctive genius and passed them on to illuminethe road which men must always walk, for, indeed, he Ipersonified something as old as civilization and as imper­ishable as life itself. The way of truth, of nonviolence, Iof love, and of sacrifice-this is a way which the noblestspirits of mankind have taught. This is the way whichGandhi taught-the way that all nations and all menmust pursue if they are not ultimately to sink into bar­barism and bestiality,Gandhi not only preached the truths which men mustlive by; he not only practiced that which he preached,but,' surpassing in this respect many who in the past havebeen prophets and saints and seers, he served as an un­failing guide and counselor to the millions who cameto him with their problems and perplexities. Whetherthey came as individuals or as _public servants or as mem­bers of government-whether their affairs were of privateor of national concern-it was his endeavor (and a singu­larly successful endeavor it was) to infuse into themsomething of his own passion for solving their variedproblems with the inspiration which springs from theloftiest moral idealism. His advice was always ready.It was always on the highest moral plane and yet, also,the wisest in the practical conduct of affairs.Saint as he was-and the purity of his life was indeedsaintly-Gandhi also deeply immersed himself in hiscountry's public affairs. It was his supreme merit to haveshown that the moralIa w can be fulfilled in action andthat truth and nonviolence, love, and sacrifice are notarid and irrelevant catch-words but the necessary founda­tions for the most eminently practical course of conduct.India learned from him how to strive for the dignity offreedom without succumbing to hatred or violence.Others may yet learn from him, whether in the East orin the West, how to discharge the sacred trust whichwealth and power entail. Defeat and success; loss andgain-these concepts had no meaning for him. TheTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEunflinching observance of the highest moral principlesshould, according to him, transcend everything else.It is only natural, then, that a man whose sole loyaltywas to the law of love-the law of truth and the law ofGod-�hould be regarded by men throughout the worldtoday as the exemplar of their own highest ideals.Born in India, a Hindu, Gandhi belongs to all man­kind. He was a great Christian without being baptizedone; a great Moslem without professing Islam; a greatBuddhist without being an avowed follower of theBuddha: In all religions, whoever its founder, whateverits history, he saw the same moral values and the samegreat spiritual truth. _It is this recognition which under­lies what is sometimes spoken of as his tolerance. "Toler­ance" is perhaps the wrong word. It suggests an attitudeof -patronization. His true attitude was rather one ofrespect for every religion-a respect born out of theunderstanding that religion all over the world inculcatesthe same moral values and enjoins essentially the samecode of right conduct. To have rediscovered and revivi­fied these eternal principles and ideals and to haveturned mankind's attention to them as pointing. the onlyway out of the confusion and the conflicts of our modernworld, here, I think, lies the unique greatness of the his­toric achievement of Gandhi's me and teaching.Mr. Mayer: Y'Ou have, been listening to Mr. -N. Go­palaswami Ayyangar, India's representative at the Se­curity Council of the United Nations. Thank you, Mr.Ayyanger, for joining us in this discussion.And now I turn to Dr. John Haynes Holmes, of theCommunity Church of New York.Dr. Holmes, you have known Gandhi, and you havestudied the meaning of his life for many years. You havebeen in India as recently, I believe, as last month. Howdid you first encounter Gandhi's doctrine?Mr. Holmes: It was many years ago when I read thestory of Gandhi .in South Africa, where Gandhi had wonthe emancipation of thousands of downtrodden coolies bymethods of nonviolence. Here was a man who actuallytook seriously the precepts of religion which I had beentaught to take none too seriously. He became the masterof my life.M�. Mayer: What persuaded you that Gandhi's waywas practical?Mr. Holmes: Why, Gandhi's own performance of thatway! South Africa is an epic of practical triumph, andfree India is a greater and more persuasive epic of prac­tical triumph. Never again can it be said that the Sermonon the Mount will not work when Gandhi made it workin one place and in the other.M�. Mayer: But the Christianity of Gandhi is that ofthe Sermon on the Mount. '-'Whosoever shall smite theeon thy right cheek, tum to him the other also. And ifany man will sue thee 3Jt the law, and take away thycoat, let him have thy cloak also .... Love your enemies, .bless them that curse you, do" good to them that hate you,and pray for them which despitefully use you." . 7That is a hard Christianity, and I am afraid that mostWesterners wonder whether love can be carried that far.Mr. Holmes: I agree with you that that is the funda­mental doubt in the Western mind; and the answer isthat here in the West we have a wrong philosophy. Webelieve and act upon materialism, upon mechanism. Webelieve that the only real forces in the world are physicalforces. But Gandhi,. like Jesus, believed in the realityof spiritual force. He believed that spirit was as potentand effective as electricity; and he placed all his reliancein that spiritual force. We Westerners should do thesame.Mr. Mayer: Why don't we?.'Mr. Holmes: Because it seems to me that we lack thecourage or the faith. There is a fundamental inconsist­ency in our Western life. We want to believe in Gandhi.Deep down in our hearts I am persuaded that we doknow that Gandhi was right, exactly as we know Jesuswas right. There is a fascination about this man fromwhich we cannot get away. That is because we want tofollow him but we do not have the courage and thefaith.Mr. Mayer': George Bernard Shaw said, yesterday, ofGandhi's death, "It shows how dangerous it is to be toogood." I would say on the contrary that the plight ofWestern man, including Mr. Shaw, shows how danger-ous it is not to be good enough. .Gandhi shows us a path to greatness that no Westernleader seems even to have. thought of taking, with theexception of William Penn. Gandhi, I think, shows usthat greatness. consists' in nothing more than goodnesscarried too far.The American he most admired was Henry DavidThoreau. Thoreau went to prison, a cent�ry ago, ratherthan pay taxes to a government which maintained humanslavery;' and his ESsay on Civil Di-sobedience, which·Gandhi read and reread, argued not' only the righteous­ness but also the effectiveness of individual, nonviolent,non-cooperation with injustice. Thoreau wrote: "Undera government which imprisons any unjustly, the trueplace for a just man is also in prison If any thinkthat their influence would he lost there, they do not'know by how much truth is stronger than error, nor howmuch more eloquently and effectively he can combat in­justice �ho has experienced a little in his own person."Jesus'said, "If My Kingdom were of this' world, thenwould. My servants fight." Gandhi's kingdom was of thisworld, and still his servants would not fight. Gandhiadapted Holy Writ to statesmanship, and in this strictsense, I think, we have to say that he was the first Chris­tian politician since Jesus-Washington, Jefferson, and'Lincoln not excepted.No cross, no crown, no suffering, no strength; nosacrifice, no victory-if this creed is valid, if politiciansno Iess than persons must love their enemies, then allthese warring statesmen who place their faith in force all8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEfall together. All armed ideologies, including our <?wn,fall together; all bosses who believe in force and allworkers who believe ia force fall together, If Jesus isright, if Gandhi is right, then Roosevelt and Hitler falltogether, and WaHace' and Taft, and Truman and Stalin.If Gandhi is right, all those who believe that force andpressure and power will carry the day are wrong" andalways have been, even though some of them would useforce for good rather than for evil purposes.This, if it is true, is terrible to contemplate. The fateof Churchill's world empire and of Hider's world slaveryis before our eyes. If Gandhi is right, and if mankindsurvives in the spirit of love, then the ruins of democracy ,by force and communism by force win both bear theirblackened testimony to the rightness of the Christianpolitician.But this means a revolution much more radical thanany of the revolutionaries have ever suggested. It meansthat we must change the whole order of personal andpolitical life or change nothing.This is what the life and death of Gandhi means tome, Dr. Holmes. And to you.Mr. Holmes: I am thinking, as: I bring this broadcastto a close, of the panorama of my own life-of what Ihave seen in a ministry of more than forty years, Throughall these years I have Iived in a society which hasplaced its one hope of security in an ultimate relianceupon physical force. It has sought personal security invengeance and the law, and national security in vengeanceand the sword. Steadily, through all these years, I haveseen the world grow not secure, hut ever more insecureas weapons have grown more powerful and war has suc­ceeded war until today we behold the atomic bomb andthe immInence of doom. What has force' done to us' butbring us face to face with fear, even unto death? At the same time, through these many years,. I haveseen. another phenomenon-a queer little brown man,dad only in a loincloth, called by a contemptuous English­man, "a half-naked fakir," proclaiming the gospel ofnonviolence and love. I have seen this frail and feebleman lead a revolt of coolies in South Africa against apowerful, and well-armed government and win thememancipation from injustice and oppression. Yet hestruck no blow, shed no blood, and resorted to no vio­lence or force. I have seen this man challenge the mightof the greatest empire that the world has known andemancipate hundreds of millions of his fellow-countrymenfrom its despotic rule. Yet, h� held no office, possessedno money, headed no armies, and fought no battles. Ihave seen this man, the last few months, face the seriouscrisis of a civil war and by sheer personal influence bringa distracted people back into the ways of peace.I saw Gandhi only a few weeks ago. I stood with himon the ground where; last Friday, he was shot. I fol­lowed him along the grassy path where he fell beneathhis wounds. I talked with him in the room where laterhe was to die. In the utter simplicity of this little manit was hard to' discern the secret of his power-hard, thatis, for eyes which looked without but not for eyes whichsaw within. The Mahatma's secret was the spirit. Hebelieved that spirit is a reality. He trusted it as morepotent than the sword. He lived in it as love in the, midst of hate, as Iorgivcness in the midst of vengeance,as good in the midst of evil.. The spirit which is God within the soul of man-thiscan overcome \ the world. Here was Gandhi's secret,whch he called "truth." In his own faith and practicehe proved it to be truth; and we must accept it if wewould Iive. It is the atom bomb or Gandhi-choose yethis day which ye will serve!NEW YEAR'S DA Y IN HONOLULUOr, the spirit.' ,of 76JANUARY FIRST, 1948, finding' us in Honolulu, webegan the New. Yea, r with grea.. t energy. The ,e. v:nt of. the early morning Was the arrival of the magnificentliner President Cleveland from San Francisco on her (orhis?) maiden voyage, and a spirited young friend whowas sailing on her that evening invited us to, inspect her.He rushed us down in his new Christmas Cadiflac con­vertible, and in ten minute'S from. Waikiki. we were at herdock. Certainly a very handsome luxury liner, we'thought, and so she proved to be, as we hurried! over herfrom keels on to binnacle, if those are the correct nautical .' By Edgar J. Goodspeed. DB '97, PhD 198terms. There were elevators, of course, but we preferredto scramble up the companion ladders 'to the top deckand down agaJin. Splendid exercise, for the tropics.I have since been informed by my learned friend andcolleague, Vern O. Knudsen [Ph.D. '22] that had Ilistened attentively, down there among the docks, I wouldhave .been rewarded by hearing, the snapping of thesnapping shrimp, for which that neighborhood is farfamed. So when you visit the Honolulu water front,don't miss this rare attraction, as I did. The combinedefforts of millions of these fascinating little creatures, en­joying their dinner, is something that really ought not tohe ignored, by alumni of scientific training and apprecia­tion.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWhen we learned thatDr. Edgar J. Good­speed, DB '97, PhD '98,and Mrs. Goodspeedwere spending the holi­days in Hewell, 'wedropped him a noteaski'ng him to . sharetheir experiences wHhthose of us who couldnot spend New Year'sDay in such a setting.As usual, he did notdisappoint us.Back at the hotel, we made a quick change and wereready for President and Mrs. Sinclair of the Universityof Hawaii" to take us to the Governor's reception. Hisgrounds adjoin those of St. Andrew's Cathedral, and wepaused for a moment to meet the genial Canon, AnsonPhelps Stokes, Jr., who most obligingly told us' its historyand explained its .architecture.The Governor's house and gardens were filled withpeople, who had come to pay, their respects to him.Governor Stainback met us with grewt cordiality. He is agraduate of our law school UD '12] and was full of happymemories of Hall, Mechem, Freund, Bigelow, and theirgeneration-our colleagues, neighbors and friends of yes­teryear. His spacious house, Washington Place, was oncethe palace of Queen Liluokalani, and here is her piano at 'which, some say, she composed the most famous, hauntingand beloved of Hawaiian songs, "Aloha Oe."The best of it was really our visit with the Sinclairsas they drove us back to the Royal for a hurried luncheon,before the game! I explained to President Sinclair aswe sat down in our seats, in the thirtieth row, and exactlyon the fifty yard line, that I must not be excited" and hereassured me, as presidents will. We were surrounded byleading citizens, the governor in front of me, the presi­dent and Mrs. Sinclair at my right, and the parents of theQueen of the game at Mrs. Goodspeed's left. But soon along pass which would change the lead to Redlandsbrought aJIl the stands to their feet with a cry of hope orfear, in which we heartily joined. This thrilling experi­ence was repeated at least ten times, each more excitingthan the last, until after. a, perfect series of seesaws thegame ended 33 to $2 in favor of the Rainbows, as theHawaiians are called, for the endless succession of rain­bow� that appear up Manoa valley during the games. Ido not recaB' a moment when there was not one in sight,Unwearied by their exertions, 'the hospitable Sinolairsdrove us back to the hotel, and there they Joined us later,with Mrs. Vitousek, gifted Honolulu painter, and Presi- 9dent Armacost of Redlands, for dinner and an hour ofHawaiian music in the Royal dining room, looking across:Waikiki beach to Diamond Head. What a joyous fra­ternity is that of University men-and women!Of course we �iS'ited the tombs of the Hawaiian kings,and the Bishop Museum. We were driven around Dia­mond Head and Koka Head past Cocoanut Island,famed retreat of statesmen, and on to the Nuuanu Pali,with its magnificent view. And we also stood in the oldmissionary building ground, and saw the first printingoffice west of the Rockies and the old frame houses of themissionaries were at last permitted to build, so long ago.They certainly left their imprint on the unique civiliza­ton of what they used to oall the Sandwich Islands.On Christmas Eve the great choir of the KawaiahaoChurch, the old Hawaiian church down town, came outto the' Royal Hawaiian Hotel and sang Christmas caro�;in Hawaiian for the guests, ,in the surf garden of thehotel. They ended with the Hallelujah Chorus, also inHawaiian. Altogether, a very moving experience.Visiting the University a few days later, with PresidentSinclair, we met Chicago alumni at every tum. Dr.Taam [PhD '33] the accomplished head of the largeChinese library, is a.graduate of our Library School; Dr.Bachman, Dean of the Faculty is a Chicago alumnus,and Van Meter Ames ['19, PhD '24] visiting professorfrom Cincinnati, took both his bachelor's and doctor's de­grees at Chicago. Dr. Ames and his. charming familylater spent an hour with us in the Surf Garden of theRoyal, to our great delight. A recent Divinity School'graduate, Mr. Hoskinson, is pastor of the thriving Churchof the Cross-Roads, at the- gates of the University. WhenI spoke to the Protestant Ministers of Honolulu in thischurch one afternoon, I was introduced by their presi­dent, another Chicago graduate, Rev. Charles M. C.Kwock [AM '36]' pastor of the beautiful First ChineseChurch. With these and many other such, Honolulu issimply full of interesting and delightful people.In going to Honolulu I entertained the pious hope ofvisiting the Tomb of Charlie Chan, Earl Derr Biggers'famous Chinese detective. At Verona we all go to thetomb of Juliet, a person I suppose no more historical thanhe. But I had no sooner mentioned my hope, then Pres-:ident Sinclair �ade two pointed observations, First, hesaid that I ,could art. least visit the House Without a Key,for it still steed, hardly a block from my hotel. (Ofcourse, I did so.) And second, he thought he remem­bered a Honolulu policeman named Chan, who h'ad sug­gested the famous character to Mr. Biggers. My learnedfriend, Captain Pleadwell, U.S.N., retired, a famousHonolulu researcher, later confirmed this, and said theman's name was Chang Apana, and he was an inspectoron the Honolulu police force. Thus do . the habits ofliterary research pursue our' holidays in the tropics.FIVE EVIL GIANTSOne room ison four wheelsIN the January issue of the MAGAZINE, I dealt withthe question of modern political anxieties in so far.as they arose out of the existing anarchy amongnations. These questions revolved around the absencefor the seventy' sovereign nations of a common superiorand a common morality.Now it is important to tum to the convulsions that areafflicting the individual nations themselves in their inter­nal affairs. In what follows I shall refer to the UnitedStates' situation as an example, because it is of the mostimmediate interest, but not to give the impression thatother communities are better off in the 'subject I touch.The individual" nations are afflicted by what may becalled five evil giants. They are: Want, Idleness, Dis­ease, Squalor, and Ignorance. There would be no prob­lems, politically speaking, if these giants florished ina society that lacked the opportunity of combating themwith correction and reform. In a dictatorship the dic­tator may do whatever he likes with these giants, or noth­ing at all, and the people who suffer have no opportunityto speak. their feelings and still less to' change the will ofthe government in the direction they desire.It is in a democracy that the existence of these evilgiants raises to a high degree the political temperature.In all our communities today there is a clash betweenthe social conscience produced by democracy and the so­cial suffering produced by the five evil giants. The prob­Iem of our time is the resolution of this dash.The nature of democracyDemocracy is based on the consent of the governed;and it is 'so based became the democratic pioneers,whether British, American, or French, whether philoso­pher or fighters for freedom, had in mind two essentialprinciples. regarding human nature and. applicable to thegovernment of communities. These principles are Equal­ity and Freedom.A brief explanation of each of these is essential, sincethey are at the heart of the democratic creed, and thedevelopers of the conscience of democratic communties.By equality no one in his right mind has meant thatmen are equal in their physical, psychological and men­tal characteristics. The ·evidence is too much to thecontrary. But some anti-democratic leaders pretend thatthis is what democratic thinkers believe.. For example,when I saw Mussolini in 1933, he contended in our con­versation to that effect. . Being able to assert without fearof contradiction that men are unequal in this particularsense, he was then able to continue that he himself wassuperior to everyone else in Italy, and, therefore, was'justified in governing them dictatorily. • By HE�MAN FINEREquality of conscienceIt is ad�itted that the. degrees of intelligence amonghuman beings are very different, Their factual knowl­edge is very different. Their ability to learn contrastsmarkedly. But what democratic theorists are concernedwith is not knowledge, not facts, but spiritual values. Itis in respect to the knowledge of good and evil that wehave postulated the equality of man. The democraticthinkers-Milton; John Locke, Rousseau, Jefferson­argued that where values are concerned, that is, what isworth while doing with our lives in this world, what isthe moral good, all consciences are equal.What does this mean? It means that no man has arevelation of good and evil, truth or untruth, which isdemonstrably right, unless all the rest of mankind. arepermitted an equal right to state whether such a truthand such values satisfy them.This is an. extremely importan: fact in the democracyof �very nation and m the relationships today betweennations.I t must be stated once again in a different form ofwords. There is no objective truth. There is no ere dwhich all communities can use, provable as to its rig�t­ness or wrongness by science and technical means. Wehave only our conscience and reason to examine. There-'fore, political truth-where our society should go and:what it should strive' for, what ideals. it should - serv� andwhom it should obey-all these things are not _s�t uponce and for all by one. person or ten persons or onehundred persons.-Some of the truth is inherent in everyone of us, how­ever great, however common, however learned, howeverilliterate. Indeed, we have seen the greatest truths comefrom the humblest; from the Son of a carpenter, from aJoan of Arc, from a Shakespeare whose father andgrandfather were not rich men, from a Sir Thomas Morewhose parents were in middling circumstances, from TomDr. Herman Finer gavethe first' three lecturesin our Special AlumniCourse series on "OurPolitical and EconomicalCrisis." His adicle inthe February Mag;azine�;"The World Convul­sion." and the ',currentone: "The Five Giants."are resumes of thesethree le·ctures. He isscheduled to give thefinal lecture in the aboveseries later in the Spring.A resume of that lecturewUI be cerrled in theJu·ne Magazine.10THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEPaine who could not make a living, from MohandasOandhi=-the number is endless. Therefore, the demo­crat says, if we wish to arrive at the truth, all men oughtequally to have a right to say what they believe; truth issomething being created every day by a continuing in­formal referendum of minds.FreedomThis is the point at which freedom enters. The equal­ity of conscience can only be served and make a con­tinuing contribution where men are free. Free politicalgovernment makes it sure that officials and the gov­ernment will listen when the people speak became theyknow that they cannot be spurned by a government whichdespises them on the theory of their inequality, theirinferority. Political equality, in other words, is a stimu­liIs to all of us and a guarantee that we shall all partici­pate in the affairs of our society. It banks on the divers­ity of all human beings.By the expression of this diverse richness, the politicalfreedom, that is to say, all civil liberties and the right toparticipate in government are guaranteed. The UnitedStates Constitution and laws and the judgments of theSupreme Court uphold both the notion of equality ofconscience and the freedoms that are instrumental inits expression and operation.The democratic .ccnscienceNow we come to another stage of the argument. Itis perfectly dear that if the political system establishedon this structural basis goes on for some time, the socialconscience will change, meaning by social consciencewhat individuals think is proper and desirable in mu­tual behavior among the economic and non-economicgroupings in the nation. As time goes on laws are madewhich are the expressions of social justice as it developsin this way.Suppose now certain old and rooted interests and cer­tain maladjustments in society continue, while a newsociety is being built up by the democratic process. Abitter clash occurs between the beneficiaries of the pastand the advancing forces of democratic conscience.Today the convulsion occurs in individual nations, in the.United States as well as the rest of the world, as the con-.temporary democratic conscience grapples with the five·evil giants named already. And they ought to be namedagain: Want, Idleness, Disease, Squalor and Ignorance.Let us examine the nature of each of these evil giants;WantWant means two things. First, the standard of living,general. speaking, is lower than it might be; and second,the distribution of income �s unequal and not what itought to be.The standard of living is not what it could be, becausethere are obstructions to' the use of human ability andthe resources available. Human ability would- be betterutilized if the existing educational system could be i111- 11proved so that no intelligence would be wasted and nobrains should be passed over.The researches by ProfessorLloyd Warner, Havighurst,and others at our- own University have 'shown beyond adoubt what a large percentage of intelligent people arelost to the economy of the republic by the still unsolvedproblem of free education for them. The five reports ofthe President on education in America reinforce this .. Thecomments of President Conant of Harvard and of Pro­fessor Vannevar Bush before the Senate Committee forthe mobilization of science have underlined the fact that,too many of the nation's young people have to be takenaway from school because of financial poverty.The standard of living is also lower than it should bebecause a large portion of the national economic struc-.ture is monopolistic, and it is not certain that anti-trustactivities are the entire answer to the obstructions toproductivity. Finally, there is considerable disruptionof price levels for commodities and services by the in­equality of income: some buy too much and some toolittle. If we take the figures for 1935-36, 17% of Ameri­can families were getting less than $500 a year; -46.4%were getting less than $1,000 a year; and nearly 82% lessthan $2,000 a year. Above this rises a sharply pointedpyramid with a very large proportion of total income go­ing to a very few people at the top.Now if this inequality were due to, lack of ability to pro­duce and contribute work and services, we should haveto say, "Such is human nature and nothing can be doneabout it." In fact, however, we know that many of theseinequalities arise out of the class structure which preventsindividuals from rising to where their talent and char-.acter could take them. They are obstructed by monopo­listic production, by lack of educational facilities, byhereditary privilege. The democratic conscience of to­day revolts against this.IdlenessCoupled with want is idleness, and by this is meant,in the main, the liability of our community to great de­pressions every five, 'Seven or ten years. This is a mostdestructive "agent to our standard of living. Between1929 and 1934, roughly one person in four was out ofwork and many others were underworked. All this pro:..­duction was lost.When a skilled 11lan or farmer is unemployed, the mosttragic psychological process occurs-the sense of failingself-respect and family and community mis-esteem. It isalmost certain that the society of the future, built up ondemocratic principles, could not permit this to occurwithout the most valiant attempts to avoid it; and,if this attempt should not be fuFly successful, then toprovide full remedies for the situation that would ensue.To accomplish this would meari a very important changein our political structure and methods. What to do isknown. The difficulties of doing what is known will bediscussed at. a later stage. The least that can be done12' THE UNIVERSITY OF' CHICAGO MAGAZINEis the establishment of a form of social insurance for allthe hazards that bring with them the loss of income.DiseaseIn close connection with the first two evil giants isthe problem of disease. It was learned by the SelectiveService chiefs during the war that of the men betweenthe ages of 18 and 35 coming to them, about one-fourthwere suffering from physical deficiencies making themunfit for service. Most of these could have been com­pletely cured if they had been discovered and treated be­fore the age of fifteen. That proportion of one in fOUl'can roughly be applied to the whole population.The cost from disease, medical' services, absenteeism,and, premature death with resultant loss of economicservice, has been carefully estimated at something overfive billion dollars. Would it not be possible 'to use, ifnot all of the five billion dollars, at any rate a large'portion of it, for some type of medical service supple­. menting that already existing-mainly private practice?Many alternate schemes can he developed; and manyother countries have already developed and are workingsuch alternatives with advantage to the health of theircommuniues. Especially benefitted are those groups ofthe middle class who suffer an intolerable shock to their'income when serious illness comes. The argument canbe put on a, sheer economic basis, but the democraticconscience does not 'ban charity.SqualorBy squalor I mean slums, blighted areas, and lack ofhousing. I t must not be thought that the housing prob­[em is 'a product of World War II. The' housing censusof 1940 'showed that one-fourth of all the dwellings inthe United States were below standard, that is, unfit forhuman habitation, in need of major repair, or wereovercrowded.The great lack of housing is partly due to our Ameri­can habit of preferring at least one of 'Our rooms on fourwheels in the form of -a car, with money for gasolinerather than rent, But lack of housing is also due to thestructure of the industry.Probably, judging from the experience of every coun­try in the world, the housing of the lower middle andworking classes has to be undertaken on something likethe principle of building roads which everyone can usewithout paying the full cost. The value to the com- munity in health, happiness, as well as the physical andpsychological ability to produce, fully outweighs anyexpense from public funds.IgnoranceIt is a commonplace to say that a good democracydamands that its members shall be educated .. I havealready referred to the problem of education in connec­tion with economic production. Two things should beadded to. this.The first is that the happiness of every human beingdepends on his access to libraries, books and the abilityto develop his own talents in leisure time; The worldh�s never given the attention to this subject that itdeserves.Many tensions in society would he relieved if peoplehad richer resources 'Of mind and character. Peoplemight come to be less acquisitive of money if they hadbetter things on which to spend less money. Our news, ,radio and films might be far better than they are if thereaders and audiences were cultivated as their capacityto be cultivated deserves. The report of the Universityof Chicago Commission on the Free and Responsible Pressshows dearly the' reciprocal relationship between theconsumer of mass communications and what the pur-veyor communicates.To be freeFInally, therefore, to be free and to understand theprinciples involved in freedom and equality, requires thebest education that the world can evolve. At the basisof every democracy are two golden rules-they will befound in Tom Paine's Rights of Man, in the Bill 'OfRights, and in the Declaration of Rights in the FrenchConstitution which followed the ideas pronounced in theAmerican Revolution of 1776. "Love they neighbor asthyself," and "Do unto others as you would have othersdo unto you."Without'these two tenets we become only a nation ofIogrollers, liable to handle every difficult economic andsocial problem badly and wastefully. The price of educa­tion is a very small price for a happy and contentedsociety. The democratic conscience revolts againstignorance.When' this series of lectures comes to a close, I shalldraw together the threads and suggest remedies, meth­ods, and organization by which the democratic consciencecan overcome the five evil giants.'NEXT MONTHTHE SPOILED CHILD by Richerd M. Weav·er of the College faculty. Thisis take:n from his new book "Idees Have Consequences,' ln which hewonders if modern man is a moral idiot.ALUMNUS BUCK !ROGERS, the success story of fhe alumnus who con­ceived a super captain •.:INQUEST ON 'INFlATION by Theodore W. Schultz, Chairman, Depart­ment of Economics.ONE MAN'S, OPINIONTHE question of howwell the University isunderstood is a con­tinuing and important onethat is never satisfactorilyanswered. Whatever theaspect from which it isviewed, the University is avery large and complicatedinstitution. Physically, it isas big as many, small oities.It has nearly 9,000 studentson the quadrangles, above the secondary school level j itsfaculty, with instructor's rank or higher, is approximately800; it has about 5,000 people on its non-academic 'pay­roll; it operates on a budget of the order Df $16,000,000a year. lit begins with a nu�ery school and runs throughthe higher reaches of graduate and professional work.But size, number, and multiplicity of its endeavors, arebut the simpler and outward aspects of its complexity.The essence of the University is what it is doing, andsince what it is doing in its fundamental operations con­cerns the progress of mankind, it is involved in an enter­prise difficult of comprehensiDn;' The variety of its effortstoward this purpose, hut most of all, the purpDse itself,make it apparent why understanding Dr explaining theUniversity is not easy.The various parts of the institution have only a vagueknowledge of what is going on outside their own immedi­ate spheres, because so much of the total effort tendstoward the most refined forms of specialization. Therehas been in the last 20 years a continuous and encourag­ing effort to counteract this isolation of specialists by en­couraging cooperative effort, in teaching and research,Since specialists in one field can not cooperate with thosein another without understanding what each can con­tribute, there has been considerable mutual education.But considerable isolation still exists.A few key men in the Central Administration, fewerthan can be counted on one hand, have the best graspof what is going on in all parts of the University. Buteven with constant attention to means of intramural com­munication, getting the facts is accomplished only witheffort and even then the picture gets fuzzy around theedges in the process of transmission. On the higher levelof evaluation and relation to purpose, the problem is mDredifficult. Mr. Hutchins several years ago addressed him­self to this question with the suggestion that the Univer­sity should have a common purpose. That proposal gotinvolved in the then current controversy about the admin­istrative organization of the University and the purpose,though clear as a broad proposition, has never been morespecifically defined. Morgenstern • 'By W:ILUAM V. MORGENSTERN. '20. JD '22Another element of-the University, the students, do notget any extensive understanding of the whore while theyare here. Like the faculty, they are specialists, tDO; theyknow their own segment, whether it be the College or So­cial Service Administration. But the scope and detailof activity generally, the directions in which the Univer­sity goes, and the influence it exerts, are largely unper­ceived. The present generation is not the only one thathears the remote hum of activity in the University with­out knowing what it means, for students thirty years agowere equally uninformed when things were much simpler.When,. as alumni, these students are further removedfrom the quadrangles, and have the preoccupations ofwork and families, they obviously know less. They. mayread and hear about what the U niversity is doing in thealumni publications, the newspapers, magazines, andradio, and though in one way they have a better perspec­tive to relate this information, the information they getoften is fragmentary. From the standpoint of solidarity ofstudents and of alumni, the matter of understanding gen­erally would be much simpler if the University of Chi­cago were a small, compact college, without graduate andprofessional schools, and with no research. The very ele­ments of strength, which inevitably influenced the quality,of their education at Chicago and give standing to theirdegrees, also are responsible for the lack of completeunderstanding about the institution. 'The public, too, finds the University a puzzling andmysterious organization. A large part of it simply hasnever had the training and background to' comprehendmany Df its activities. The unique importance of theUniversity is that it is always ahead of the times. In afaint way, the public recognizes that the University is re­sponsible for change, and it would prefer above all elsethat the world remain exactly where it is, if it can't returnto the verdant past. The University is one of the few in­dependent centers of thought in the country or in theworld. Other than the relatively few outstanding uni­versities, no other agency is equipped for this role. Assuch a center, the University of Chicago can be neitherexpedient nor selfish; it must think in terms of what isbest for everyone, and not for some. It must think interms of the long view, rather- than the present or theimmediate tomorrow. AU this is ham to understand, andbecause it is hard to understand, it is likely to be un­popular.All these difficulties notwithstanding, it is necessary'that theUniversity be understood-t-not for thesake of the'University as such, but for what it represents. This un­derstanding is -something that everyon� in the Universityand of the University." from alumni to faculty, has a vitalinterest in achieving.13FRED CONRAD .KOCH1876-1948Ai the mernoriel service fOf Fred Conrad Koch in JosephBond ;.Memorial Chapel Janil!l,ary 29, 1948, Dr. HermannSchlessinqer, Professor of Chemis+ery, paid this *ribute to_"Dr. Koch as Friend." Other speekers, presented by Vice- President R. Wendell Harrison, were Howard M. Sneaff:"Dr'., Koch as Teacher," end Anton J. Carlson: "Dr. Kochas Colleague." [See also Page 18] .ONE by one the men who were a part of the Uni-, . versity when it was young are leaving us. Yearafter year the ties which. bind us to our past arebeing severed. Each time we come together in this chapelto mourn the loss of a friend, we also mourn a day anda spirit we-never can regain.Today only a few of lIS are left to recall from personalexperience' the sense of participation which even thebeginning student -and the youngest member of the fac­ulty felt in' the building of a new institution-s-new inits ideals' and new in its objectives. In spite of the great­ness the University has achieved, in spite of its vigorousmaturity, in spite of our knowledge that upon the foun­dations' laid in those early days there has arisen a struc­ture of enduring strength and power, we still hold inour hearts the memory of the time when the seeds of itsgreatness were sown, and had begun to germinate.Although Fred Koch [PhD'12] was not a member ofthe first. faculty of the University he came here earlyenough to catch its spirit and to participate in the devel­opment of its' ideals. He had the personality and thecharacter of a pioneer, he had the vigor of mind, thepersistence and the determination needed in a newcommunity, Above all he had the gift of eternal youth­fulness which enabled him to be a part of the old andyet a part of the new. His years were many, his knowl­edge of his' subject was vast, his 'experience was broadand deep, his reputation had spread to all corners ofthe earth" yet his inquiring spirit and his unfailing energydrove' him. ever o�ward to new goals.' In this respecthe is the very symbol of the University-e-never compla­cent abou� what it has accomplished, but always readyto try "new' experiments and to look toward broaderhorizons ..In many. respects Fred Koch was a product and apart of 'his': environment; in other ways, as is true of allmen who achieve distinction, he was able to lift himselfabove theIimitations which any environment, no matterhow .sound and fine, imposes on men of smaller stature.He was born in Chicago in 1876, only five short yearsafter' the ;;great fire which devastated the city. Perhapsit was from the spirit of a community which could, un­daunted, build itself anew from the smoldering .ashesof. the old, that he absorbed the enterprise and couragewhich,:.:in later years, were . outstanding qualities of his.character. But Fred was not entirely city bred ; most of his boy­hood was spent in Elmhurst, then an almost rural suburbnot far from the farm of his grandfather to whom hew�fileeply devoted. There he had to do the daily choreswh� . help create a �ense of responsibility. His pleas.ure, t«>p,: were those of a studious and serious countryboy�he collected moths and butterflies, he hunted andfis��; and he' took pleasure in learning to use the toolshe �4tld i� his grandfather's workshop,.1:�e early death of his father had left Fred the onlybO�.:'.•.. ·..•. ' a family of eight children and a widowed mother ..It Its a household which adhered to the strict childdisCfj)line traditional with the German pioneers of themid;,�}e of the nineteenth century, but the strictness wassoftened by deep affection and a liberal outlook. Inthese: contrasts one can see the origin of what seemedcontradictions .in Fred's character. In some respectshe Was a bulw�k of conservatism, but in others, �speciallyin p.j,s scientific life, he was ready to adopt new ideasand was alive to. new trends. He held his convictionsfirmly, but did not attempt to dominate his fellows. Hisshyness and unaffected modesty made it difficult forthe 'casual acquaintance to penetrate his innate reserve. .,but his instantaneous response to a word of .friendshipor to an expression of appreciation of his work,- thesincerity of �is hospitality, and the smile which literallyilluminated .his face soon disclosed the warmth of hisnature.Encouraged. by his grandfather, and by a scholarshipfor outstanding work at Oak Park High School, Fredwent �o. the University of Illinois to study engineering.He soon, discovered that this field did not hold hisinterest, and he transferred to the department of chem­istry 'from which he received the bachelor's degree in1899.·,_That his record was unusual is obvious from thetact that he was immediately made an instructor in thedepartment, a position he held for two years. He thentook .��. excursion into industrial work as research chemistfor Armour and Company. He remained with thatconcern for seven years, hut the conviction graduallygrew. upon him that his bachelor's training was not ade­quate for the type of career his ambition had outlinedfor him. .Few ,meri have the determination and the courage togive .VP an established position in order to return toschool at the age of 33; still fewer, after so long a periodof non-academic work, have the elasticity of mind tosucceed, It was fortunate for Fred and for the U niver­sity that the Department of Physiology, under theseunusual conditions, had the insight to grant him' a fel­lowship for work under A. P. Matthews.I t is unnecessary for me to sketch further the detailsof his "career, his chairmanship of the Department ofI .. :'14THE :UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO .MAGAZINEBiochemistry, his Distinguished Service Professorship,nor the many honors which came to him, in order todelineate the man whose death has brought us togethertoday. But there is one other factor so important inhis life that he could not be understood without referenceto it.Fred's shyness and reserve, as well as his intense devo-.tion to his work, could easily have led to his becominga very lonely man after he lost his first wife in theinfluenza epidemic of 1918. And loneliness to a pers9llby nature warm and affectionate could have meant onlyunhappiness, irrespective of his professional success.From this misfortune he was saved by his marriage in1922 to Elizabeth Miller ['J4, AM'15, PhD'21]. She hadbeen one of the most promising of the students whosedissertation for the Ph.D. degree he had directed; shewas thus not only able to understand his work, but was, able actively to participate in it.They shared equally in their avocations. They trav­elled together all .over the West in their car and trailer,they camped by the roadside, they photographed thescenery they both loved. They enjoyed symphonic music,and for years together attended the orchestra concerts.They vied with each other in creating a harmoniousand a hospitable household. And during the last few years they worked together in the planning and buildingof a cottage in Northern Wisconsin, which was to betheir home' after Fred sh�uld finally decide that he wasready to give up active work as Director of BiologicalResearch at Armour and Company. Without Elizabeththe joyousness which radiated from him could never havebeen his.At the first shock of his death, it seemed a. tragedythat his life should have been cut off while he still couldcontribute so much to the science to which he was de­vote-d. It seemed particularly tragic that he and Eliza- .beth could not together enjoy to the full the home theywere building with such loving care for the years totome.But even in this there are compensations. He hadthe pleasure of anticipation which so often exceeds thatof realization; he escaped the creeping paralysis of fadingvigor. And there is compensation, too, for those whomourn his loss. For he will live on in our memories,not as a man bent by the weight of his years, but as onewho greeted the dawn of each new day, full of joyousenthusiasm for the satisfaction he knew that day wouldsurely bring; we 'shall remember the vigor of his step,the radiance of his smile, and the warmth of his friend­ship.-HERMANN I. SCHLESSINGER, '03, PH.D. '05NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLESMillions for cancer reseerchA SUM exceeding threemillion dollars wasraised in little morethan a year for the $5,15'0,-000 proposed Cancer Centerat the University.One million two hundredthousand dollars was raisedin five weeks of intensivecampaigning for funds, itwas reported at the 194-8meeting of the Cancer Re­search Foundation whereplans for the special featuresof the new science develop- Lowreyment were initiated.The fund-raising began in December of 1946 with agift of $1,000,000 from the Goldblatt Brothers Foundation.for the Nathan Goldblatt Memorial Hospital. A secondmajor contribution came as an anonymous grant of$980,000 toward the construction of a 170-inch �cyclotronto be used primarily for atomic research and also in the • By J'EANNETTE LOWREYstudy and treatment of cancer.The $1,200,000 fund was raised from November 10 toDecember 22 by a group of Chicagoans, spearheaded byMaurice Goldblatt, President of the University of Chi­cago Cancer Research Foundation, and Thomas B. Free­man, chairman of the 'campaign. The money will beused toward. the increased cost of the new hospital, which,with an addition of another floor and rising construc­tion expenses, will cost $1,600,000, toward the total costof the $1,550,000 cyclotron and toward other physicalfacilities for the co-ordinated cancer program.The major item still to be achieved is a $2,000,0'00isotope building; the first of its kind designed to exploresafety and thoroughly the promising possibilities of radio-isotopes in research and treatment. -The cancer hospitalGround will be br-oken for the construction of theseven-story - Goldblatt hospital this spring. The prelimi­nary plans provide nine laboratories for research work.This space, with offices, will accommodate five top in­vestigators, their associates, .assistants, and technicians.Two patients' floors will feature convertible single or16 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZI.NEdouble rooms, permitting at full' capacity a minimum of30 beds or a· maximum of 52. It is estimated that thesefloors will allow, from 1,250 to 1,500 research €:ases to behospitalized each year,.The three major X-ray therapy units in the proposed.radiology clinic of the hospital will treat an estimated1,500 cancer victims a year.The second floor, an extension of the Billings out-pa­tient department, which annually serves 18- to 20,000 pa.;.tients in 16'0,00 visits", will provide for about 40,'000 morevisits by an additional 5,000 out-patients a year.As a final statistical estimate, the surgical. suite of thenew hospital can be used for some 5'00 t'O 750 'Operationsa year.The laboratories will have blackout rooms for the anal­ysis of materials which cannot be exposed 'to light. Incontrast, in the out-patient departments there will berooms containing ultra-violet' light equipment for treat-­ment of some skin cancers, and rooms WIth fluorescentlight equipment, for' examination 6f 'skin conditions thatrequire a particular quality of light ..There will be constant temperature rooms, in connec­tion with the laboratories, in' which the temperature willrange up to 1400.: There will also be cold rooms, inwhich the temperature can be held at 1'0 degrees belowzero.The operating room' will be completely insulatedagainst extraneous electrical currents to insure undis­turbed performance of sensitive equipment. In the base­ment of the 'hospital, a fully equipped art studio' ,is' plan-ned. . ' \.The Acceieretor BurildlingThe Cancer Center's other proposed installation, to beused in cooperation with the Institutes". the Ion-Accelera­tor Building, is already under construction and scheduledfor completion by September 1.. The Ion Accelerator building, 2'05 feet by 104 feet, willhave a pit 20 feet below floor level for the giant cyclo­tron, and the new 100,000,000 volt betatron, now beingbuilt.The building will also feature a crane bay, 5'0 feet longand 33 feet above floor level. The crane will be used,not only to move' and assemble parts of the cyclotronand other equipment" hut to place the 1:O-feet thick con­crete bars which will serve to shield the machine.Nuclear scientists at the University are designing thegiant machine, while the actual contruction of its variousparts is being under�aken by Bethlehem Steel Corpora­tion.Since the magnet for the cyclotron alone is 2','000 tonsof 'steel, the problems of shipment and assembly are cor­respondingly great. .Present plans call for the magnet tobe shipped to the University in 82-ton segments. Thepieces will come by rail on flatcars of special construc­tion.With the help of riggers and two locomotive cranes, the sections of the magnet will be transferred to truck:trailers. Moving the parts from rail siding to the cyclo­tron building will be done at night when- the streets canbe cleared of traffic.The. coils of. the cyclotrons will require 130 tons ofcopper. This metal will make five miles of hollow wire,two inches square with a round, 1 and VB inch opening.These coils will also be shipped in sections. There willhe fourteen sections, each 20 feet in diameter and weigh­ing nearly 10 tons. Too bulky for rail shipment, thecoils will be sent from an Eastern manufacturer to Chi­cago by water, either through the Albany barge canaland the Great Lakes or by way of New Orleans and theMississippi waterways. ,The vacuum tank required for the cyclotron .will beeighteen feet square and three feet thick and will alsobe sent to Chicago by a water route.When assembled and operating, the new cyclotron willrequire 1,000 kilowatts of electrical power,' a powerroughly 10,000 times as strong as the current requiredto light the ordinary household light bulb.With this power, the' cyclotron will produce protons ofabout 40'0,000,000 electron volts energy, whirling atomicparticles at a speed of 16'0,000 miles a second.Cancer authorities at the University of Chicago hopeto harness the cyclotron's proton beam and direct itagainst deep-seated cancers. For- this purpose,the Ion Accelerator building will have treatmentrooms and medical 'offices. The nearness of the Gold­iblatt Hospit,al will permit patients to be brought directlyinto the Accelerator Building by means of ramps for newand superior treatment through the radiation of the gia�tatom smasher.Not guiltyAs if to vindicate herself from all the acrimonious'names she has been called through the years, Big Bertha(the world's largest drum) has for the first time provedherself worthy of the Maroon.Denounced by a press association's eastern bureau asradioactive.iBig Bertha pased the Geiger Tests with "nocount" this month to prove her innocence.SQe had been booked on suspicion and brought beforethe grand "jury (health division of the Argonne NationalLaboratory) . It was alleged that she had become radio­active eLuring her, retirement through the war years underthe west stands 'of Stagg- Field, where Enrico Fermiachieved the-first nuclear chain reaction. The chargeswere dismissed, however, when Argonne officials checkedBig Bertha and her stall-like garage home since footballdays, and could find no evidence for an indictment.Bertha's innocence came as a shock to the quadrangles,where anything said about her might be expected to betrue. Shame and degradation have followed her all ofher active life.At her first appearance in 1922 at the University ofChicago-Ohio State game on the Buck's gridiron, sheTHE UNIVE,RS,ITY, OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 17Big Bertha backs the band o,f 1925 at The Ellis Ave'nue entrance to the West Stands.was forced to limp off the neld':"__;her crested head ablazein embarrassment. Her gargantuous weight had beentoo much for the bicycle wheels used on the 'cart to trans-.port her about with the �OO-piece band.In 1938, she staged a cumbersome sit-down strike onthe Century train and at the stage door of Carnegie Hallwhere she. had been invited to make a guest �ppearancewith Toscanini. 'Big Bertha had. been selected for the concert when thegreat master decided he needed the biggest possible drumfor 'one mighty boom in Verdi's "Requiem.'" Arrange­ments were made to send her on the Century, but thecrack train pulled out without her when she refused toscoot through its box-car doors. Only one of the twoboxcars in Chicago large enough for her to. step into weregood enough for this trip.On her late arrival in New York, Toscanini pronouncedher boom perfect. He refused, however, to conduct hisconcert on Sixth, avenue when Bertha's temperamentflared again at every door into Radio City. Instead, heused a Connecticut American Legion Drum Corps drumhead for the lone boom.Inventory of a f'hund'erstormAll-weather fly-ability received added impetus from theweatherman this month when Horace R. Byers, Univer­sity. meteorologist, reported preliminary findings of theUnited States Weather Bureau Thunderstorm Project.Reversing textbook theories on vertical and horizontalair currents and discounting pilot tales, of hopelessly non­combatable conditions in thunderstorms, Byers, directorof the Thunderstorm Project, advanced hitherto-unknowndata to show that previous concepts of thunderstormshave been in error.Thunderstorms, he reported from the observations ob­tained from 1,363 Black Widow P-61 flights through ac- tive thunderstorms, have a regular pattern of circula­tion despite their apparent chaos.The thunderstorm is an internally circulating mass ofcloud air. Very few storms are single thunderclouds, butconsist of several cell-like clouds joined together and indifferent stages of development, The' storm, or moreparticularly the cells, go through a life cycle starting asupward streams of rising warm air. After rain has de­veloped, cold downdrafts concentrated' in the rainy areasare present. These downward movements are reflectedat the surface in the form of sudden wind squalls, tern-perature drops and bursts of rain. -Accompanying the upward and downward motions ofthe thunderstorm are important horizontal motions .. Airfrom the surroundings flows into the storm mainly at up­per levels although an outflow may occur at the surfaceand at heights above 25',000 feet.The <combined horizontal and vertical motions deter­imine how the storm "breathes." It "inhales" air fromthe surroundings at heights between 2,000 and 25,000feet and "exhales" at the bottom and at the top. Strongup and down currents, following a r�Dgnizable pattern,OCCl1r as this air is drawn through the thunderstorm .Previous pictures of the thunderstorm, Byers stated,have depicted it as a single cloud 'cell-a rising mass ofwarm air unaffected by its environment.The rainfall itself is an important factor both in thecirculation and in the heat exchange of the thunderstorm,Byers added, and provides the basis for the downdraft.The cold downrushing air forming the thunderstormwind squalls sets off new thundercloud cells as it pushesagainst the surrounding, warmer air. Thunderstormspropagate and grow in this way. When their energy hasbeen spread over tDD large an area, they dissipate them­selves.The details of the inner workings of thunderstorms were18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO' MAGAZINEadvanced after two seasons of intensive observations andmeasurements of thunderstorms, completed by more than100 scientists, pilots, and ground personnel on the pr,o­ject.The largest and most intensive' project ever organizedto investigate a, single atmospheric phenomenon, theThunderstorm Projectls under the auspices of the UnitedStates Weather Bureau, the Air Force, the Navy, the Na­tional Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, and the Uni­versity of Chicago ..Operations for the study were set up in 1946 inCen­tral Florida and in .the summer of 1947 in southwesternOhio. One hundred and fifty storms were studied inFlorida, and 88 in Ohio.Black Widows made a total of 1,363 traverses duringthe season, and while the crews had a number of ex­tremely unpleasant moments, most of the Rights en­countered only moderate turbulence. Although the fly­jug which was performed by Air Force pilots was ad-mittedly hazardous, nevertheless, the operations weresuccessful and without accident .. Some severe air cur­rents, lightning' and hail were encountered.Airplanesstacked five deep at 5000-foot intervals from5,000 to 25,000 feet made repeated passes through eachstorm. By means of identifying beacons their paths couldhe traced by ground radar and careful control of theflights from the radar control center was possible. Theradar presentations and synchronized clocks were photo­graphed so that the positions of the airplanes at all timescould be recorded together with radar pictures of thestorm clouds. The principal instruments used on the air­planes were the NACA gust and draft recorders, special'thermometers, electric field meters, aircraft radar and.some other standard or special instruments. The pilot and�adar officer andy inthe 1947 flight, a weather observercomprised the crew of each flight.Ballons were released from as many as ten stations atonce, in an area of about 100 square miles in Florida, andabout twice that size in Ohio. Some of the balloons boreradio-transmiting temperature indicators and were fol­lowed by radio direction finders and some carried tinfoiltargets which were' followed by radar. The airplaneflights and balloon releases: were controlled from the sameradar-control center. The balloons not 'Only gave thethermal structure of the cloud, but also showed the aircirculation in and around the thunderstorms.A surface micronetwork 'Of 55. self -recording meteoro­logicalstations, loc�ted one mile apart in Florida and t'\Vomiles apart in Ohio, furnished accurate details of tem­perature, humidity, rainfall, wind direction and velocityand pressure change.Hormone A�thority Dies 'Dr. Fred Conrad Koch, 71� Frank P. Hixon Distin­guished Service Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry, diedofa stroke Jaunary 26 at his home, 1534 East 59th street,Internationally recognized for his work on hormones, 'enzymes, and vitamins, Dr. Koch had been associatedwith Armour and Company as director 'Of biochemical re­search since his retirement from the University in 1941.Noted for his meticulous attention to methods, Dr.Koch published a volume on the subject. Many of thestandard methods of biochemical experimentation are theresult of his work.Under his 'supervision, Dr. L. C. McGee first obtainedthe male sex hormone in its crude form. Among Dr.Koch's earlier investigations were enzymes of the diges­tive tract, the gastric hormone, secretin, and the thyroidhormone. He was also active in the field of vitamin D,and was among the first investigators to show that ultraviolet light 'converts cholesterol into a vitamin D. Sincehis retirement, he had worked on methods of extractionand purification of hormones.<I:Fred Conrad KochA native of Chicago, Dr. Koch was graduated fromOak Park high school and received his bachelor of sciencedegree from the University of Illinois in 1899, and hismaster of science in � 900. After two years as an instruc­tor in chemistry at Illinois, he was associated 'with Ar­mour and Company, from 1902 to 1909. He then re­turned to academic research as a fellow in biochemistryat the University of Chicago, and in 1910 became an as­sitant in biochemistry.He received his Ph.D. in 1912, and in 1916 became anassistant professor in biochemistry. Eight years later hewas named' Professor and Chairman of the Department.Starred in American Men of Science) Dr. Koch servedas President of the Association '[or Study of Internal Se­cretions in 1937 and a member of the association's boardof editors in 19:37,-38, as a Harvey lecturer in 1938, andas a member of the League of Nations Committeee onStandardization of Sex Hormones.Memorial services were held in Joseph Bond Chapelwith Mervin M. Deems of the Federated TheologicalFaculty officiating. Speakers at the service were VicePresident R. Wendell Harrison, Herman 1. Schlesinger,Anton J. Carlson, and Dr. Howard M. Sheafi', who wasTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthe first student to receive a Ph'.D. degree under Dr. Koch.Dr. Koch is survived by his widow, the former Eliza­beth Miller.From Carnegie to MandelBoris Zlatich, seventeen-year-old fourth-year student inthe College and youngest of the 1944 entering students,has been chosen concertmaster of the University of Chi­acgo Orchestra.The highest student position in the orchestra, the honoris the second Zlatich has received this year. On January17, he appeared in a concert at Carnegie Hall.He was invited to appear at Carnegie Hall after win­ning first place in an Illinois statewide music contest spon­sored by the Associated Concert Bureau of New YorkCity. Boris entered the first year of the College when hewas thirteen years old.His Chi-cago premiere as concertmaster was February15 when the orchestra, -one of the largest the Universityhas had in recent years, presented a Mandel Hall Sun­day evening concert.The orchestra, now conducted by Siegmund Levarie,was founded in 1931 shortly after the organization of theMusic Department itself. Two years after its formation,the Orchestra participated in a festival of the music ofBrahms which commemorated the 100th anniversary ofthe composer's death. The festival, which coincided withthe Chicago Century of Progress Exposition, drew agreat deal of inteerst and critical commendation for theUniversity and its musical activities.Madame Claire Dux, Egon Petri, Jacques Gordon andJohn Weicher are among the distinguished solo artistswhich the, Orchestra has- supported. Among the out­standing musicians who have emerged from the Orchestraitself are: Oscar Chausaw, the violinist who has doneconsiderable solo work in Chicago and at Ravinia; MissAlice Lawrence, violoncellist with the Chicago SymphonyOrchestra; and George Sopkin, violoncellist of the FineArts Quartet.RegistraHon drops :1.3,6%Eleven thousand three "hundred and eighty seven stu­dents, 6,125 of whom are veterans, are registered in thewinter quarter of the University, Ernest C. Miller, Regis­trar, has announced.A drop, of 1.36 percent from the midyear total enroll­ment of 1947, the registration figures represent paid en­rollment after the third-week of the quarter; Enrollmenton the quadrangles totals 7,967 students. Men outnum­ber' women better than two to one.Highest registration is in the divisions, where 3,804students are registered in the humanities, social, bio­logical, . and physical sciences. The College has a totalenrollm-ent of 2,754 students.The U:t:l�versity's downtown adult education center,University College, now commemorating its fiftieth anni­versary, is up 4.49 percent over its last year's registra- 19tion. Three thousand four hundred and twenty studentsare registered in University College.One thousand six hundred and fifteen are registeredin the professional schools. Four hundred and seventy­five students are' enrolled in the School of Business. Otherprofessional school enrollments include: Social ServiceAdministration, 318; Law, 333; Medicine, 206; Feder­ated Theology Schools, 201; and Graduate Library, 81.In the' divisions, registration runs: social sciences,1499; physical sciences, 868; humanities, 727; and bio­logical sciences (including the school of medicine), 710.Veterans edit Law ReviewBernard Weissbourd, third-year student in the LawSchool, who was a member of the atomic bomb projectat the University during the war, was named editor-in­chief of The University of Chicago Law Review.Seven other veterans of W orId War II were also ,ap­pointed to the staff, the highest honor for students inthe Law School. New editorial staff members are: Har­old P .. Green, Lawrence Howe, Jr., Baxter K. Richardson,George E. Wise, and Donald J. Yellon, all of Chicago.James H. Evans, St. Louis and Louisville, and Joseph E.Sheeks, Valparaiso, WeI1e named business editor and asso-ciate business editor, respectively. •Weissbourd, '41, who has already passed the IllinoisBar, examinations and been sworn in before the IllinoisSupreme Court, will complete his doctor of law degreeat the University in June.Before entering the Law School, Weissbourd was as­sistant to Winston Manning, director of the chemicaldivision of the Argonne National Laboratory. A graduateof the chemistry department of the University, Weiss­bourd was assigned as an army specialist in the EngineersDetachment of the Manhattan District to work on radio­activity measurements under Glenn T. Seaborg, chief ofthe plutonium section of the Metallurgical Project.Green, who did graduate work in economics at theUniversity of Chicago before entering the Law School,served in the army three years. 'Originally with the SignalCorps in the European Theater, he was later assigned to .administrative work and the management of a 2,000 manGerman Prisoner of War Labor Battalion. '.Howe was a naval aviator, instructor in observation'sea planes on the Pensacola, and for six months the pilotof a patrol bomber in the Pacific before he was releasedin 1945 with the rank of naval lieutenant. 'Richardson, '42, served as a naval officer until 1946.,He served in the Solomons and Marianas and later asa naval Gunfire Liaison Officer. Wise was a navy.ensignflying Corsair fighter planes during the war. Yellon, '43,served as destroyer communications officer in the Pacificand engaged in action on the Philippines, Iwo-jima, Oki­nawa, and Japan..Evans, business editor, served as aide to Captain S.Mills, -U.S.N., on a joint army-navy-state departmentmission in South and' Central America. He also ran20 THEe UNIVERSITY ,'OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEconvoy. escort duty, commanded a submarine chaser, andengaged in secret experimental work with the Anti-Sub­marine Development Detachment of the Atlantic Fleet.Sheeks, '4t, who rose from an apprentice seaman to,a lieutenant commander (U.S.N.R.), was aboard theU.S.S. Monaghan, destroyer, when it sank a Japanesesubmarine in Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Hesaw action in nine major engagements and campaignsincluding Coral Sea, Midway, Gilberts, Marshalls, New'!Guinea,. and Okinawa.The Law Reuieui, in line with its policy of focusingattention on legal questions of public importance, willpublish' a symposium on the legal problems _ created byatomic bombs and atomic energy this spring.An exchange of' views between lawyers and aden fistsis planned on such topics as the atomic energy act, thework of the United. Nations atomic energy commission,secrecy, security and loyalty, and the legal problems ofworld organization.U. N. on the MidwayA full scale replica of the United Nations, organizedfrom delegations from 57 of the nation's leading uni­versities will .:onvene on the Midway March 24, 25,and 26 under the auspices of the' University StudentForum and the personal sponsorship of ChancellorHutchins.During the three day period full sessions of the Gen­eral Assembly will be addressed by Warren Austin,United States delegate to the Security Council; ClaudePepper, Oscar Lange, former University of Chicago pro­fessor, now Polish ambassador to the United States" andAdlai Stevenson, American delegate to the U. N. confer­ence at San Francisco., Dr. Quincy Wright, Dr. HermanFiner; and Or. Leo Szilard, all University of Chicagoprofessors, win speak to the various committees concern­ing the. problems t�ey will be considering.Each participating delegation will represent one of the57 member nations: Insofar as is possible, the actual attitudes and interests of the nations, based on theirrecord in the U. N. and upon their economic, political,and cultural backgrounds, will be manifested by the'students.To eliminate difficulties inherent in the complex struc ..ture of the complete U. N., only three full-sized com­mittees will be' established: Committee I, Political andSecurity; Committee II, Social, Cultural, and Humani­tarian ; . and Committee IV, Trusteeship. Committee Iwill discuss. the veto problem, Committee III will con­sider a bill of human rights, and Committee IV willdebate the disposition of the Italian colonies of Lybiaand Tripolitania, The Security Council will be estah-.lished as it actually exists in the U. N. and will considerthe vexing problem of Spain:William Birenbaum, Director of. the Student Forum,said that the project was planned with these four endsin view;l1. To give students an understanding of the aims andpurposes of the United Nations by providing anopportunity to work within a facsimile of its struc­ture.2. To establish a nation-wide forum of students todiscuss those issues of international impor:tancewhich may confront the U. N. now or in the future.3. To bring together students and men of knowledgeand experience in international affairs for furtherdiscussion of the problems.4. To promote study and understanding of the polit­ical, economic, and cultural difference between thevarious members of the United Nations.All of the major addresses will be given in Mandel Halland will be open to the public. No admission will be'charged. Programs giving the date-and time of all opensessions, will be printed in the 'Chicago papers and in theUniversity Bulletin.CALENDARMonday, March 1BASKETBALL GAME-Chicago vs, Washington University. FieldHouse, 56th and University Avenue, 8:00 p.m .. $l.OCl.Tuesday, March 2UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO CONCERT-Eva Heinitz, viola dagamba, and Dorothy Lane, harpsichord, in a program :0£ Bach,Sonata, D major for viola da gamba and harpsichord; d'Herv­elois, Prelude, for viola da gamba alone; Bach, Sonata, G minor"for viola da gamba and harpsichord; Scarlatti, Four Sonatas,for harpsichord: and Marais, Suite, AMinor, for viola da gambaand, harpsichord. Mandel Hall, 57th Street and UniversityAvenue. 8:'30 p.m. ,$1:.20. LECTURE-"The Caste System in Labor and Management", JaCObJ. Weinstein, Rabbi and formerly public member of the WarLabor Board. University College, 19 South LaSalle Street.' 8:00p.m. 75c.Wednesday, March 3LECTURE-"The' Gothic' 'Cathedrals of Italy", Clarence Ward(fine arts, Oberlin College). Oriental Institute, 1155 East 58thStreet. 7:30 p.m. 82c.Friday, March !) .I :FENCING MEET."..Chicago vs� Illinois. Bartlett Gymnasium, 57thand Universltj; Avenues. 4:00 p.m. ,'Free.TRACK MEET -Chicago vs. Northern Illinois Teachers. FieldHouse, 56th and University Avenue. 7:30 p.m. Free.LECTURE-"Isfahan Is Half the World", Myron B. Smith, for­merly of the Oriental Institute. Oriental Institute, 1155 East58th Street. 8:00 p.m. Free.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THEATRK-"Lysistrata" by Aristo­phanes. Mandel Hall, 57th Street and University Avenue.8:30 p.m. 80c., Saturday, March 6FENCING MEET-Chicago vs. Ohio State. Bartlett Gymnasium,57th and University Avenue. 2:00 p.m. Free.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THEA TRE-"Lysistrata" by Aristo­phanes. Mandel Hall, 57th Street and' University Avenue.8:30 p.m. 80c.Sunday, March 7UNIVERSITY RELIGIOUS SERVICE-The Reverend James Gor­don Gilkey, South Congregational Church, Springfield, Massa­chusetts. Rockefeller Memorial Chapel, 59th Street and Wood­lawn Avenue. 11:00 a.m.VESPER SERVICES-Jean Leisk, Soprano; Frederick Marriott,Organist. Rockefeller Memorial Chapel, 59th Street and Wood­lawn Avenue. 4:00 p.m.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO THEA TRE-"Lys,istrata" by Aristo­phanes. Mandel Hall, 57th Street and University Avenue.8:30 p.m. 80c.Tuesday, March 9LECTURE-"Political Folklore in Labor Relations", Jacob J.Weins ten , Rabbi and formerly, public member of the WarLabor Board. University College, 19 South LaSalle Street.8:00 p.m. 75c.Wednesday, March 10LECTURE-"Post-Gothic Cathedrals and the Gothic Revivals",Clarence Ward (fine arts, Oberlin College). Oriental Institute,1155 East 58th Street. 7:30 p,m. 82c.LECTURE-CONCERT-"Haydn and Modern Music", RudolphKolisch, lecturer, with musical illustrations played by ThePro Arte Quartet of the University of Wisconsin. Program:Haydn, String Qua-rtet, E flat major, Opus 71, No.3,; AlbanBerg, Lyric Suite. Kimball Hall, 306 South Wabash Avenue.8:15 p.m. $1.50.Thursday, March 11LECTURE-"The Nature of Social Science", Milton Singer (socialscience). Mandel Hall, 57th Street and University Avenue.4:30 p.m. Free.Friday, March 12LECTURE-"The Irnmortahty of the Soul", Mortimer J. Adler(philosophy of law). 32 West Randolph Street. 7:30 p.m. $1.50.Saturday, March 13 'TRACK MEET -Chicago vs. Lawrence. Field House, 56th andUniversity Avenue. 2:30 p.m. Free.Sunday, March 14CONVOCATION· PRAYER SERVICE-For graduating students.Rockefeller Memorial Chapel, 59th Street and WoodlawnAvenue. 10:00 a.m.UNIVERSITY RELIGIOUS SERVICE-President Howard Lowry,Wooster College, Wooster, Ohio. Rockefeller Memorial Chapel,59th Street and Woodlawn Avenue. 1l:00 a.m. 'VESPER SERVICES-Chapel Choir, Gerhard Schroth, Director;Frederick Marriott, Organist. Rockefeller Memorial Chapel, 59thStreet and Woodlawn Avenue. 4:00 p.m.Tuesday, March 16TENEBRAE SERVICE-Rockefeller Memorial Chapel, 59th Streetand Woodlawn Avenue. 7:30 p.m. .LECTURE-"Individual Rights-Group Responsibilities", JacobJ. Weinstein, Rabbi and formerly public member -of the ·WarLabor Board. University 'College, 19 South Lasalle Street.B:OO p.m. 75c.. Sunday, March 21UNIVERSITY RELIGIOUS SERVICE-Palm Sunday. The Rev­erend John B. Thompson, Dean of the Chapel. RockefeUerMemorial Chapel, 59th Street and Woodlawn Avenue. ll:O@ a.m.Saturday, March 27GYMNASTICS-Chicago vs. National Collegiate. Bartlett Gym­nasium, 57th Street and University Avenue. Free.Sunday, March 28UNIVERSITY RELIGIOUS SERVICK-Easter. The Rev:erendJohn B. Thompson, Dean of the Chapel. Rockefeller MemorialChapel, 59th Street and Woodlawn Avenue. 1l:00 a.m.Tuesday, March 30LECTURE-"Natural Law", Alexander P. d'Entreves, (Serenaprofessor, Oxford University, England). Social Science Building,1126 East 59th Street. 4:30 p.m. Free. Traditional favoritein millions of homesCONSTITUTION AND BY - LAWSThe University of Chicago Alumni Association- January 1, 1948ARTICLE I. NAMEThe name 'Of this 'Organization shall be The University ofChicago Alumni Association-hereinafter referred to as TheAssociation.AR TIGLE II. PURPOSEThe purpose of The Association shall be to foster the intelli­gent interest and cooperation 'Of the alumni in working out thedestiny of The University 'Of Chicago for major usefulness: topromote alumni gifts for the University; and to establish amutually beneficial relationship between the University and itsalumni.ARTICLE III. FISCAL YEARThe fiscal year of The Association shall run from July 1 toJune 30, inclusive.ARTICLE IV. DIVISIONSThe Association shall consist of the following Divisions andof . such other Divisions as shall be created from lime to timeby the Cabinet (hereinafter defined) :L College2. Law3. Divinity .4. Doctor of Philosophy5. Education6. Business7. Medical8. Social Service Administration .9 •. Graduate School of Library Science10. Nursing Education11. Home EconomicsARTICLE V. MEMBERSHIPSection I-All persons who have completed at least one quar·ter's residence at the University 'Of Chicago and are no longer inresidence shall be considered alumni and eligible for membershipin The Association. All alumni who pay dues :as hereinafter pro�vided shall be members of The Association.Section 2-Alumni who are members of their respective Divi­sions shall also be members 'Of The Association provided TheAssociation receives, through the Division in question or frommembers direct, the dues payable to The Association as herein.after provided.ARTICLE. VI. DUESSection I-Membership dues in The Association shall be. a. $ 3.00 for one .yearb. $10.00 for five yearsc. $60;00 for Life Membership, which may be paid inone single payment or in six equal annual install­ments of ten dollars each providing it is understoodthat (1) each installment entities the. member toonly one year's membership until the final install­ment has been paid, and (2) no money will berefunded or applied on annual memberships. A LifeMembership is not transferable..d. $1.00 for. one year with all membership benefitsexcept a subscription to The University of ChicagoMagazine. ..e. $too for one year as a special introductory rateto new graduates if application is made withinthirty days after graduation.All memberships include subscriptions to Ttre Association'sofficial publlcation, The University 'Of Chicago Magazine, exceptthe one dollar membership indicated in Artide VI, Section I-d.Section 2-All memberships shall begin 'With the first of themonth in which the dues are received by the Treasurer.Section 3� The Cabinet shall have sole authority to makechanges in dues, including the various rates established in ArticleVI Section 1. All members of the Cabinet must be notified inwriting of any propo�d change� at least. thir�y days in advanceof the Cabinet meeting at which a vote will be taken. Anychanges must be by a two-�hirds vote of the members of - theCabinet present at the meetmg. ASSOCIA TIONINCIDENTAL INFORMATIONabout the Constitution(See adjoining column)The Cabinet (33 members) is the ruling body of the AlumniAssociation. For some time it has been obvious that the Con­.stitution was outdated ond needed revising. A committee from the�abinet was app�in:ted to study the necessary r�visions and bringIn recommendarions. Appropnately, the .c0!llmlttee . was atto:neyClay Judson, JD '17, and former ASSOCIatIOn president Wnsley'B. Oleson, '�8. 'At the November, 1947, meeting of the Cabinet the new Con­stitution was presented and adopted to take effect January I,1948.Assuming that the majority of the members do not know h'OWtheir Association is governed, the Cabinet decided to have theConstitution published in the MAGAZINE.,The purpose of this parallel column is to provide additionaldetails about the personnel of the Cabinet and brief explanationsof how certain of the articles in the Constitution are, at present,funeticning. ARTICLE IV. DIVISIONSIn an organization of 7,500 members scattered around theglobe, and with each member knowing a very limited number ofthe members, the problem is to get democratic representation onthe governing board.To secure a cross section of representation the Division planwas set up some years ag'O. Periodically this Division plan isre-studied to determine whether or not it continues to be thebest method of representation-particularly in the light of chang­ing University policies. A committee is at present making Sucha study.The two most active divisions, of the eleven listed, are theMedical and the College. Both are represented by 'Officers andgoverning boards; both have more or less extensive programsof activities.The Medical Division publishes a quarterly news bulletin 'Withthe senior yearbook substituting for one of the four issues. Theyparticipate in the Medical School graduating programs andconduct very successful and intelligent reunion programs forreturning alumni in the spring.The College Division not only has an Executive Committee often members but a Senate of one hundred which meets annuallyon Reunion Day; Two Senators are selected from members ofeach class year extending back 35 years. The other thirty . arechosen largely from the earlier years. For the most recent eventbeing sponsored by this Division see your invitation to the QuizKids reception elsewhere in this issue.Most other 'Divisions meet once a year. The abnormal 'Waryears upset many of these schedules and a few Divisions havebeen slow in reorganizing.ARTICLE V. MEMBERSHIPWell over one hundred thousand students have registered atthe University since it opened in 1892. Many took only' a courseor two; others attended a Summer Quarter or so.' Slightly morethan forty thousand living alumni received degrees, a large per­centage above the bachelor level.Yet many students who did not complete their work for degreesare as loyal and interested in Chicago'S welfare as alumni havingfrom one to four degrees. The provision in Section 1 gives suchformer students the rights and privileges of membership.ARTICLE VI. DuesThe Association has nearly 1,800 )ife members. Payments onHfe memberships are not expendable. They are deposited in anendowment fund which is administered by the University.Chairman of the Alumni Fund Committee (this endowmentfund is officially known as the "Alumni Fund") is Frank McNair,'03. During the many years that he has been a top officer withthe Harris Trust and Savings Bank and a member of the Uni­versity'S Board of Trustees he has gained a reputation for soundjudgment in the field of investments. Too much credit cannotbe given Frank McNair for his alertness in working closely withthe University to keep this Fund paying top interest rates throughthe years. He was instrumental in establishing this Fund andhelping to build it to a substantial amount.22ARTICLE VII. OFFICERSTHE, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 23,Section 1- The ofhcers of The Association shall consist of aPresident, a Vice President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. Theoffices of Secretary and Treasurer may be held by the sameperson. �he Cabinet may elect on assistant Secretary and anassistant Treasurer to perform such duties as may be assignedto them from time to time.Section 2- The President shall preside at all meetings and shallbe a member of the Cabinet and Executive Committee (herein­after defined) . He shall also be a member ex-officio of all othercommittees. .Section J- The Vice President shall perform all the duties ofthe President in his absence.Section 4-ln the absence of both the President and the VicePresident, the Cabinet and Executive Committee shall elect apresiding officer pro tem.Section 5- The Secretary (who may be designated ExecutiveSecretary) shall be the managing officer of The Association underthe immediate direction of the President and the Executive Corn­mittee. He shall record all proceedings of the Cabinet and Exec­utive Committee and shall give notice of all meetings. He shallhave custody of all records and be in charge of the office of theAssociation at the University. He shall act as Editor and BusinessManager of The University of Chicago Alumni Magazine. Heshall be responsible for the development and, administration ofthe various activities and interests of The Association.Section 6- The Treasurer shall have' charge of the funds ofThe Association. He shall make disbursements only on the_orderof the Cabinet or the Executive Committee. He shall enter orcause to be entered, in proper books of The Association kept forthat purpose, full, true and accurate accounts, of all moneysreceived and disbursed on account of' The Association. He shallalso arrange with the University for an annual audit of all rec­ords in his charge at as early a date as convenient to the Uni­versity following the close of each,' fiscal year.ARTICLE VIII. GOVERNING BODIESSection i-The Governing Body of 'The Association shall 'con­sist of a Cabinet composed of (a) The President and Vice Presi­dent of The Association, (b) representatives elected by theDivisions, and (c) one member appointed by the University.Each Division shall elect one representative for each five hundredmembers, provided, however, that each Division 'shall elect aminimum of two representatives. For this purpose, the total memobership of any Division shall be based on the number of membersfrom the Division who are members in. good standing of theAssociation.Section 2- There shall be an Executive Committee of the Cabi­net which shall consist of the President and Vice President ofThe Association and five members to be nominated annuallyby the President and approved by the Cabinet. Between Cabinetmeetings the Executive Committee shall exercise the full powersof the Cabinet except that it may not amend the Constitution orchange the dues. The Executive Committee shall appoint personsto fill for the unexpired terms, any vacancies among Officersor its Members, subject to later action by the Cabinet. It shallhave the power of fixing rates of compensation for all salariedemployees. .Section 3- The Cabinet shall meet regularly three times a yearin the months of October, January, and April. Special meetingsmay be called by the President, or by petition to the Secretarysigned by five members of the Cabinet. Seven members shallconstitute a ·quorum. 'The meetings shall be held in Chicago.The exact time and place of each meeting shall be fixed by thePresident or the Executive Committee, or where the meeting iscalled on the petition of five members, by the Secretary. Fivedays' written notice of 'each meeting shall be, given by the Presi­dent or Secretary. Notice of such meeting may be waived by anymember of the Cabinet, and presence at the meeting shall con­stitute a waiver of such notice.Section 4- The Executive Committee shaH meet only at thecall of the President or by petition to the Secretary of threemembers of the Executive Committee. Three members shallconstitute a qU0rum. Such meeting shall be held only in theCity of Chicago, the exact time and place to be fixed by thePresident or Secretary, Because only the income from your payments on life member.shi� can. be used for current expense, the remainder being de­posited 111 the endowment fund, Section I-c, (1) and (2) arenecessary ..At the January, 1948, meeting, the Cabinet added an amend­ment to Article VI. relative to life memberships. Recently anumber of inquiries have been made by some of the younger• members concerning a joint life membership for man and wifewhere both are alumni. This membership was 'voted as follows: .Sixty dollars for a single life membership; eighty dollars. for ajoint life membership except only one MAGAZINE subscriptionshall be included in this joint membership but it will be pro­vided as long as either or both live.Present members may make their membership a joint member-ship by paying an additional twenty dollars. •ARTICLE VII. OFFICERSThe present officers of the Association· are:President, Frank J. Madden, '20, JD '22Vice President, Elizabeth Edwards, , 17Secretary- Treasurer, Howard W. MortFormer Presidents of the Association:Percy B. Eckhart, '99KenilworthBurt Brown Barker, '97Portland, OregonJohn F. Hagey,. '98Deceased, 1943Warren P. Behan, DB'97PhD'99, ToledoCol. Harry 1\bells, '97ChicagoCharles S. Winston, '96Deceased, 1928Ralph Hamill, '99ChicagoAgnes R. Wayman, '03Bcrielle, N. J.Albert W. Sherer, '06ChicagoScott Brown, '97PasadenaFrank McNair, '03ChicagoThomas Hair, '03. Tyron, N. C.Charles' F. Axelson, '07ChicagoEarl D. Hostetter, '07JD'09, ChicagoHerbert P. Zimmermann, '01ChicagoWalter L. Hudson, '02San DiegoHenry D. Sulcer, '06Deceased, 1947Paul S. Russell, '16ChicagoDonald S. Trumbull, '97Highland ParkArthur C. Cody, '24ChicagoJohn Nuveen, Jr., '19ChicagoVallee O. Appel, '11ChicagoWrisley B. Oleson, "18ChicagoFrank J. Madden, '20JD'22., ChicagoARTICLE v:m. GOVERNING BODIES1906·071907-081908-091909-101910·1119H·12,1912·13 .1913-151915-161918-201920-22.1922-241924-261926·281928-301930-321932-34, 1934-361936-381939-421942-441944-461946-Only one of the eleven Divisions has more than two repre­sentatives on the Cabinet: the College Division. Slightly morethan 5,500 of. the 7,500 members of the Association have bachelordegrees from Chicago. Entitled to eleven members on the Cabinet,the College Division elects its representatives for three yearperiods, four each year (three one year) .24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAR TICLE IX. ELECnONSSection I-The officers of The Association shall be elected an­nually from among the members of The Association by the Cabinetin the following manner: At the January meeting .of the Cabinetthe President shall appoint a nominating committee who shallbring before the April meeting of the' Cabinet nominations forPresident, Vice President, and Secretary-Treasurer for the en­suing year. Following the report of the nominating committeeother nominations may be made from the floor. The candidate 'receiving the majority of the votes shall be declared elected.1£ no candidate receives a majority on the first ballot .all butthe top two candidates shall be eliminated and a second ballotcast. The presiding officer shall vote on.;J;y in the event -of a tie.Section 2-0fficers of The Association shall take office on July 1,and continue until their successors are elected and duly qualified.Section 3-MeI]lbers· of the Cabinet shall be elected by eachDivision, to serve for such period of time as may be fixed by theconstitution or by-laws of such Division, provided, however, thatno member shall serve consecutively Ior more than three yearsunless re-elected by' his. Division.Section 4-In the event that any Division is inactive for morethan three years or fails to elect representatives to the Cabinetin conformity with Article IX, Section 3, the President shallappoint a nominating committee to nominate the number ofcandidates to which that Division is entitled. These nominationsshall be presented and voted on at the next Cabinet meeting.These members shall serve three years or until they are replacedby other representatives elected in their Division.AR. TIGLE X. STANDING COMMITTEESSection I-The President shall appoint, from the members ofThe Association, the following standing committees:PublicationsFinanceReunionAlumni EducationAwards and Citations• Alumni FundSection 2- The President 'shall also appoint, from among themembers of the Cabinet, the chairman of each such committee.The Chairman and members of such committees shall hold office·for one year. Each standing committee shall be responsible forthe matters described in the title of the committee, and in addi-tion shall perform such duties as may be assigned to it fromtime to. time by the Cabinet. 'ARTICLE XI. ALUMNI FOUNDATIONSection 1- The Alumni Foundation shall be a grOoup separatefrom hut responsible to The Association. Its purpose shall be toconduct for The Association all fund raising activities on behalfof the University among the alumni. r .Section 2="The Alumni Foundation shall be administered bya Board of Directors of fifteen. The members of the Foundationshall be appointed by the President of the University, with theapproval of the Cabinet of The Association, to serve for a threeyear term or until their successors are appointed, except thatappointments shall be so made that the terms of five membersof the Foundation shall expire each year. Appointment of memobers shall be made as of. July 1 of each year.Section 3-Vacancies on the Board of Directors shall be filledin the same manner as regular appointments.Section 4- The Board of Directors shall elect a chairman andvice .chairman from 'its members and a secretary, who may be asalaried officer and not necessarily a member of the Board.Such officers shall serve for one year or until their successorsare elected, and shall perform the functions usually attachingto such officers. I�ection 5- The' Chairman shall each year appoint such com­mittees as he deems necessary.Section 6- The Chairman of' the Alumni Foundation Boardif not otherwise, a member of the Cabinet, shall be a memberex-officio thereof,Section 7-All of the funds raised by the Foundation shall bepaid directly to The. University of Chicago. .ARTICLE XII. AMENDMENTSThe �onstitution and. by-laws of The Association may beamended at any meeting, regular or special, of the Cabinet atwhich a quorum is present, by a tw<;>-thirds vote of those present,but not less than seven, except that If amended at a special meet­ing, written notice of the intention to make such an amendmentmust have been mailed to the members' at least one month beforethe date of the meeting. None of the other Divisions have a thousand members in theAssDciati�:m byt are p�rmitted a minimum of two representatives.The University appomts a representative to the Cabinet. Therewas no provision for this in the old constitution but it Wasagreed that, since the University helps to underwrite a part ofthe program of the Association, it should have a representativeon the Cabinet. The current representative is William V. Morgen­stern, '20, JD '22, head of the University's Public RelationsDepartment.ARTICLE X. STANDING COMMITTEESThe Publications Committee serves as an advisor to the editor.Although the editor is held responsible for all items and articlesappearing in the MAGAZINE, he is free to turn to this committeefor advice at any time.This committee is of particular value in helping to determinethe value of any major article presented for publication, Manymanuscripts on many subjects cross the editor's desk. It is notalways easy to decide which are worthy of publication, Thecurrent committee is well balanced, the members representingthree major fields: Dr. Ralph W. Gerard, '19, PhD '21, MD Rush'25, Chairman, is Professor of Physiology: Harold R. W1IO'ughbyPhD '24, Professor of Christian Origins; and Avery O. Crav,en'PhD '24, Professor of American History. 'The Finance Committee has two members: Robert C. W'oellnerAM '24, Chairman, and Harold A. Anderson, '24, AM '26. I�addition to performing the regular functions of a finance com.mittee, one Dr the other of its members must countersign allbank checks· issued by tile Treasurer.The Reunion Committee is active only in the Spring -Quarterwhen prepartions are being made for the annual June Reunion.Elizabeth Edwards, '17, is Chairman of this committee andMrs. John Kaye (Harriette Lou Kemp, '40) is the other member.This committee will be enlarged as the Reunion dates approach.The Alumni Education Committee, Paul V. Harper, '08, JD '13,Chairman, and Harold A. Anderson, '24, AM '26, is responsiblefor the educational program of the' Association. The SpecialAlumni Courses offered on the quadrangles throughout the fall,winter, ,and· spring months, and the Alumni Reading Lists justnow being revived, are under the direction of this committee.Studies are nDW being made of-other projects in this area whichmay be recommended to the Cabinet later.The Awards and Citations Committee operates at present withonly one member: Wrisley B. Oleson, '18, who is the liaisonbetween the Cabinet and the anonymous committee which se­lects candidates for citations and al umni awards.The Alumni Fund Committee carries the Cabinet's respons].bilities for the endowment fund which has been built up fromlife membership payments. Frank McNair, '03, is Chairman,. and J. Parker Hall, '27, Treasurer of the University, is the othermember of the committee.ARTICLE Xl. ALUMNI FOUNDATIONPerhaps the hardest working division of the Alumni Associa­tion is the Alumni Foundation Board. Although this Board meetsregularly throughout the year to study plans and programs fOorthe annual spring campaign, the winter and spring quarters areperiods of concentration, sub-committee meetings, and unitedconcern as to how the message of the University'S needs canbe most effectively presented to the fifty thousand alumni.You'll be hearing from them and seeing the fruits or theirlabors in April and May, leading up to the presentation of theAlumni GHt to the University 011 Alumni Day, June 12, 1948.The members Oof this board are:John F. Dille, '09, Chicago-ChairmanArthur A. Baer, '18; ChicagoWilliam D. Campbell, LLB '21, Los AngelesHugo M. Friend, ',06, JD '08, ChicagoHarold J. Gordon, '17, ChicagoCharles F. ,clore, '10, ChicagoNell C. Henry, '12, SM '15, ClevelandFrances A. Higgins, '20, Oak ParkMargaret Donnan Ingalls, '02, ChicagoEthel Kawin, '11, AM '25, ChicagoChester W. Laing, Jr., '32, ChicagoEarle Ludgin, '20, ChicagoWiUiam V. Morgenstern, '20; ID '22, ChicagoKellogg Speed, '01, MD Rush '04, ChicagoEdwin L. Weisl, '17, JD '19, New YorkWalter J. Atkins, '40, Chicago, Executive SecretaryTHE, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO M'AGAZINENEWS OF THE CLASSES11905Dudley K. French is "trying to retiregracefully. Still well, playing music to GirlScouts and appreciative groups."1909Sidney Teller of Chicago, who observed'the UNESCO conference for the IltinoisInstitute of Technology and six other or­ganizations, awarded Mexico's. Secretary ofEducation, Manuel Gual Vidal, a silverlapel pin showing the union of the Americason behalf of the groups he was representing.19' r IBenjamin F. Bills, JD '14, chairman ofthe Citizens Committee on Chicago policelockups, has been elected president of theJohn Howard Association, a prisoner re­habilitation agency.Benjamin Wilk is strutting around hisapartment at 54 Riverside Drive, New York,with his thumbs under his suspenders. Hehas been a grandfather since January 11,1948. The Iittle lady who gave him thisnew aitle is the daughter of HeleneWilk Abraham. In his letter to the editorWilk included the weight of his new grand­daughter down to the last ounce: 6 pounds,1 ounce. Grandfather is a member of thestock exchange firm of Abraham .& Go., andholds a seat on the Exchange. WHk's son,Myron, is a student :in the College on theMidway.ALUMNA CITEDleft to right: Dr. Thomas Parran, SurgeonGeneral; Or. Ida Bengtso',n'; and Dr. R. 'E.Oyer, Dlrec+or of the NaHonal l'nistHu,te ofHealth"One of the country's eminent women sci-entists, Ida A. Bengtson, SM '13, PhD '19,received a medal and a citation by theUnited States of America Typhus Com­mission on November 3, 1947, for her "ex­ceptionally meritorious service" during 1943to 1945 in the investigation and control ofrickettsial infections. The Commission, com­posed of Army, Navy, Public Health Serviceand some non-service scientists, was or-"ganized to fight the spread of typhus dur­ing the late war. While associated wi;ththem, Dr. Bengtson "contributed to theimprovement of typhus vaccine, the develop­ment of the complement-fixation tests andthe differentiation of organisms causingdifferent types of typhus fevers."Since her retirement in. JaPlU3;ry, 1946,after 26 years with the Public Health Serv­ice,. Dr. Bengtson has made her home onher 350-acre fruit farm in the Blue RidgeMountain section of Virginia. :Marg�et Smith Young, SM, is retiredand living at the Hotel Everglades inMiami, Florida. She writes that she is en­joying the "salubrious" climate and is in­teresting herself in Pan-Americarrism.1912Paul,G. Hoffman, president of StudebakerCorporation and chairman of the Com­mittee for Economic Development, waselected a director of Time, Inc., at a meet­ing. of the Board of Directors held onJanuary 21.Oliver J. L.ee, SM, PhD '13, and Mrs. Lee'have moved from Evanston to Santa Cruz,California, Where they are living at theCasa del Rey Apartments on Beach Street.t9t'7. Carl A. Birdsall was erected president ofthe Continental Illinois National Bank andTrust Company of Chicago in January.He began his 28 years with the bank in1919, following. his discharge from theArmy as captain in the air service.Floyd H. Fuller, LLB, President of ourDetroit Club, recently wrote Maurice Gold­blatt, President of the University of ChicagoCancer Foundation enclosing a gift in. lieuof flowers on the occasion of a friend whodied of cancer. Hie added: "You can't fightcancer with flowers."On the campus in front of. the libraryof Fisk University in Nashville on the after­noon of November 7, Charles S. Johnsonbecame the sixth president of that Uni­versity .. He is the first Negro to head Fisk'Since its founding in 1865. Tennessee's Gov­er�or McCord and Nashville's Mayor Cum­mmgs were among those wbo paid tributeto the school and new President. PresidentJohnson was awarded an Alumni Citationin 1945.Edith Anna Kraeft, SM '24, is now Mrs.L. W. Gardner and is living. in KagwelemaMpangwi, Fort jameson, Northern Rho.desia, Africa.1918Fred! Firestone, MD Rush '20, has beenelected to the position of Vice GrandCounsel-Elect of Phi Delta Epsilon MedicalFraternity, and was instrumental in havingthe first national convention of the fra­ternity held west of the Rockies voted toLos Angeles for December, 1948.Fl'ederick C. Leoaard, SM '19, who hashis ·Ph.D. from the University of Californiaand is Professor of Astronomy at U.C.L.A.,has written "A Catalogue of ProvisionalCoordinate Numbers for the MeteoriticFalls of. th� W?r1d," which was publishedby the University of New Mexico Press in1946.1919. William, 11, younger son of John Nuveen,J�., became ill on Christmas day. An opera­non was necessary but BiUy did not sur­vive the twenty-ninth of December. Heleaves two sisters and a brother, all older.His father is a prominent and active alum­nus, a former president of the Association,a present member of the Cabinet, and aTrustee of the University.Robel't L. Tiffany is vice president of theO. W. Richardson Rug and Furniture Com­pany of Chicago. He has· two children, livesin Hinsdale, and is a golfer, bowler, fisher­man and amateur photographer. 25Auto Livery__ toQuiet, unobtru.iv. ..rvlc.When you want It, as you want ItCALL AN EMERY FIRSTEmery Drexel Livery, Inc.5516 Harper AvenueFAI RFAX 6400AMERICANPHOTO ENGRAVING CO.Ph·oto· EngraversArtists ..... ElectrotypersMakers of Prlntlno Plates429 TelephoneS. Ashland Blvd. Monroe 7515w. B. CONKEY CO.HAMMOND, INDIANA��ad�'P� ad *8Ued�SALES OFFICES: CHICAGO AND NEW YORKCLARKE-McELROYPU:BLISH1NG CO.6140 CoHa:ge' Grlove AVie,nue.Mi:dway 393'5"Good Printin, of All DescriptiQnl'E. J. Cha,lifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planog;raph-Offset ....... Priinti.ng73il Plymouth CourtWabash ,818226 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERESULTS ••.depend on g'etting the details RIGHTPRINTINGImprinting-Processed Letters - TypewritingAddl'essing - Folding - MailingA Com'ple·t,e Service for Direct AdvertisersChicago Addr'e,s'si'ng Company <722 So. Dearborn se., Chicago 5, m.(Waba�h 4561)POND LETTER SERVICEEv.erything i'n LettersMJmeo.araphlntAddressingMalllAgMinimum Prl ...��m:r:::IW'ltI •• ,,Addressograph Servl ..Highest Quanty Servll'All iPhonelHarrison :8118 418 So. Mark·et s.t ..ChicagoBIRCK-FELLlN!GER CORP.ExclusiveClean,ers {I Dyers200 E. Marquette Road'Phone: Went. 53803 HOU� S;E:RVI:CE i�EXCLUSIVE CLEANERSAND DYERSSince I9Z0I 1442 and 1331 E. S.7th St.•EVENING GOWNSi AND F'ORMALS !A SPEC I AIL TVMidwarg�� • We call/orand de iver3 HOUR SE:RVICE'TREMONTAUT'O :SALES CORP.Direct 'Factory D'ea:'erforCH RYSLER and :PLYMOUTHNEW <CAR.S6040 Cottage GroveMid. 4200AlsoGuara,nfeed Used Cars and. Complete Automobile Repair..S'ody. Plaint._ $i,monize, WashG'nd Gre.using Depa!rtments FROM QUIZ KIDS TO R.F.D.AMERICAIII 0 U r recentMemo Pads andBooks section weh ave introducedyou to some ofthe contestants oilthe Quiz Kids ra­dio programs whoare . rela ted to theUniversity. Now itis high time thatyou meet two ofthe top men in theLouis company that owns, and produces this -program-in addition to many others.Louis Cowan, '31, and Joseph Bailey, '32,JD'34, were at the University together. Fol­lowing.grad�ation Louis opened a publicityoffice III Willoughby Tower on MichiganBoulevard. In those early years he hadnumerous modest accounts and many ideas.Kay Kyser was at the Blackhawk at the timeand Cowan worked with him on an ideawhich later became the popular College ofMusical Knowledge. When the programmade a "Lucky Strike" Louis refused anoffer to go with KavInstead, the Cowan touch was soon evi­dent in other programs, including Musicoand Play Broadcast, which Midwesternerswill remember as being the rage for a time.The story of how Cowan conceived theQuiz Kids program and the disappoint­ments he had in tryi:ng to sell the show istold in the recent book, The Quiz Kids, byEliza Merrill Hickok (Houghton Mifflin).Suffice to note here that no one had a kindword for it: "People hate smart children. . . give the country an inferiority com­plex . . . other children would despisethem ... "The show had become well establishedwhen war overtook America. Louis turnedthe details over to others and joined theWar department as radio consultant whilethey inaugurated such programs as Com­mand Performance; The Army Hour; TenIt to the Marines, etc. The remaining waryears he spent as Chief of the OWl NewYork office after. serving. as Chief of theRadio Program Bureau for the OverseasBranch of OWLIn the meantime, Joseph W. Bailey had finished his law work and had become es­tablished in the legal profession in Chi­cago, specializing in radio law. In 1940 hegave up his practice to become head of thelegal department of Cowan's organizationand manager of the Quiz Kids program.When the war broke, Joe joined theNavy. Most of the next four years hespent on the Atlantic and Pacific, a goodshare of the time as commander of a trooptransport. He was a Lieutenant Comman­der when released to inactive duty. He isnow Vice President and General Managerof Louis G. Cowan, Inc.,' with offices inNew York. But there's still another para­graph to this story.Joe's wife, Eleanor Welch, '33, has hadher own career since leaving the Midway(in addition to Lucretia, 5, and Peter, 2).Her first year out of school was spent WithEsquire. In 1935 she joined the Chicagooffice of Time, finally heading up this of­fice in 1943. Later Time sent her to Eu­rope with its foreign news bureau. Andtoday, if you will turn to any Time mast­head, under the section titled Foreign NewsService, you will find the name EleanorWelch directly following the Chief of Cor­respondents.As we write this a new Louis G. COwan,Inc., program is having its premier in Chi­cago's Eighth Street Theatre-famous forthe National Barn Dance. Joe Kelly, mas­ter of ceremonies for the Quiz Kids showsince its inception, is also M.C. for thisnew program: R.F.D. America. It is ahomecoming for Kelly, who was an M.C. onthe Barn Dance for years before going withthe Quiz Kids.R.F.D. America, as the name implies, isa rural, adult Quiz 'Kids program whichsubstitutes vacuum cleaners, washing rna.chines, and tractor-drawn manure spreadersfor savings bonds .Eleanor JO'e19'20Zoe Seater (Mrs. Matthew J. Price) re­turned to New Mexico last August to makeher home. She first went there in 1933 asIi County Welfare Worker. She writes: "Thebrilliant sunshine, the easy tempo, thebeauty of the desert and the ready friend­liness of the residents brought me back tobuild an adobe house and sun my arthriticbones back to comfortable use ... "Mary E. Owen, AM, was made Editor ofThe Instructor in the fall of 1946, followingthe death of her sister who had been editor,while she served as associate editor. Sheis living in Daasvdle, New York.1921Henry A. Rabe has crossed the continentfrom New York to California where hehas bought a home in San Mateo, near SanFrancisco. After 41 years �quaHy divided between Chicago and New York, "gettingup at 4 A.M.-zero or below," he left theeast coast produce business to become WestCoast representative of the Produce Newsof New York City-a weekly publicationestablished some 50 years ago. He handlesnews and advertising for the area and isenjoying California.Constance Votey is field representativefor the Virginia Department of Public Wel­fare, and is living in Richmond, Virginia.1922Arthur E. Brooks, SM, PhD '29, was pro­moted as of December 15, 1947, to AssistantDirector of Research with the United StatesRubber' Company. He is living in Nutley,New Jersey .Alger D. Goldfarb is president of MetalCraft Constructors in Chicago, specializingin metal fabricating and on manufacturingand installing store £ronts.·27THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEGordon D.- McCracken. is an insurancebroker in Chicago with offices at 175 WestJackson. He lives on Chicago's south side.1923Harold. W. Lewis, formerly assistant vicepresident at the First National Bank, Chi­cago, has been elected a vice president.Charles F. Loeffel is vice president incharge of the Chicago office of the AhrensPublishing Company. During the war heserved as major in the transportation corps.1925Howard E. Green has been elected presi­dent of the Great Lakes Mortgage CQrpQ­ration, Chicago. He has been with thisorganization since it was founded in 1933and was vice president at the time he waselected to the presidency. Mr. Green hasbeen active in numerous alumni bQardshaving just retired from membership onthe Foundation Board.Mildred Carder (Mrs. Albin C. Olson)and her husband moved from Michigan toSanta Monica, California, a year and a halfagQ. Mr. Olson owns a Richfield servicestation, and they have just bought a home,and she says they love California.1926E. Ellsworth Enoch, assistant generalagent for the Aetna Life Insurance Com­pany in Pittsburgh, has been appointedgeneral agent by the cQmpany in Provi­dence, Rhode Island.Winifred E. Williams (Mrs. Russell M.Wise) moved to Tucson, Arizona, in 1943after sixteen years teaching in Kansas City,Missouri, and many years of work -m inte­rior design. She is now occupied with South­western history, anthropology, and archaeol­ogy, and the study of Spanish. She just fin­ished three months working on the firstopen community art exhibit to be held inTucson, and hopes that it may lead to apermanent civic gallery there.1927Rollin B. Mansfield, LLB, has been pro·moted from assistant trust officer . to. trustofficer at the Frist National Bank inChicago. -1928"Eagle Forgotten", the. biography of JohnPeter Altgeld, written by Harry Barnard,was included in the forthcoming volume"Best Books of. the Decade, 1936-45" hyAsa DQn Dickinson, noted author, editor,and librarian of Swarthmore, Pennsylvania.Oliver Morton Keve, after serving sixyears as pastor of the First MethodistChurch "The White Temple," St. Joseph,Missouri, was appointed superintendent ofthe St. Joseph district, with fifty-onechurches.Elizabeth R. Moore (Mrs. Alister Cam"eron) whose busily varied career has in­eluded . work as advertiser, teacher, author,Office of Strategic Services wartime aide,and mother of a three and a half year olddaughter, was appointed acting professorof history in the College of Liberal Arts atthe University of Dayton. While teachingshe will continue research for the Instituteof International Studies at Yale University,where she is also a member of the faculty.Kenneth. H. Morrill is an assistant mana­gel' in the bond department of the North­ern Trust Company, Chicago.1929Waldo W. Waring is a geologist with theTropical Oil Company in El Centro, Co­lumbia. 1930Clarence L. Barnhart is editor of "TheAmerican College Dictionary" recently pub­lished by Random House, Inc.H. Gladys Swope, chief chemist of theAllegheny County Sanitary Authority inPittsburgh has been elected chairman ofthe Division of Water, Sewage and Sani­tation Chemistry of the American ChemicalSociety. Miss Swope is the first woman everchosen to head the Division.1931Lillian Burwell, SM, PhD '46, who wasformerly on the faculty of Tillotson Col­lege, Austin, Texas, is now a member ofthe faculty at Winston·Salem Teachers Col­lege in North Carolina.1932Herbert S. Freehling was elected assistantvice. president of the Chicago TerminalNational Bank.1933'Francis W. Im Masche, AM, is AssistantDirector of the Livestock Branch of theU. S. Department of Agriculture in Wash­ington.Ralph W. Rogers, AM, is chaplain withthe U. S. Army and is stationed at FortMcPherson, Georgia.Erik Wahlgren, PhD '38, spent the year1946-47 in Sweden and Denmark as Fellowof the American-Scandinavian Foundationin conjunction' with a sabbatical leave ofabsence from U .C.L.A. Continuing on spe·cial leave in order tOo teach at the RoyalUniversity of Uppsala, he is believed tobe the first American ever to receive a reg­ular appointment ro the faculty of a Swe­dish University since Academia Regia Up.saIiensis known as "Sweden's Oxford" wasfounded in 1477. With him in Sweden arehis wife and their two sons, Nils and Arvid.Stanley A. Walton has been promoted toassistant vice president of the Lake ShoreNational Bank in Chicago.1,934The Reverend Perry D. Avery has as­sumed the pastorate of the Grand AvenueCongregational Church in Milwaukee, Wis·. consin.CHECKING THE SCHOOL OFBUSINESS DOCTORSMonroe S. Carroll, PhD'37, Dean of theSchool of Business at Baylor University,recently completed an interesting study ofthe 57 men and 3 women who receivedPh.D.s from our School of Business in thelast quarter of a century, 1922-47. Onlyone of the sixty, Paul Barnett, PhD'40, isdeceased. -Thirty-three are in higher education, in­eluding 5 deans of schools of business andtwo heads of business departments" Ches­ter F. Lay, AM'23, PhD'31, is the only col­lege president-Southern Illinois Univer-.sity. All three women are in educationalwork.Cyril O'Donnell, PhD'44, is the only pres·ident of a business: Indianapolis Distribut­ing Company" Pei-Lin Tan, PhD'31, reoturned to' China where he is in the Minis­try of Railways. This is most logical sincehis dissertation was a study of the Belt andSwitching Railroads of the Chicago Termi­nal area.Apparently all fifty-nine are giving goodaccounts of their education, supportingtheir families, and contributing to the goodreputation of the University and its Schoolof Business. II( found my car'eeron thethird trylll"It wasn'tthat I failed inmy first twojobs," writes Ed­ward L. Sittler, Jr. of Uniontown, Pa."But 1 was dissatisfied with my prog­ress. So one day I took stock of myself."What did I want out of life? Well,my wife and I liked to travel, and docommunity work ... and I felt capableof earning a larger income. Above all, Iwanted to know that I was doing workmy neighbors recognized as important."So I tried a third career. I became aMutual Life Field Underwriter. FQr 10years now, with time out for the Army,I've devoted myself to building securityfor the families of my community. Do Ihave what I wanted? Decidedly yes t Myincome has increased substantially andit is steadily rising. I enjoy a professionalstanding and I have plenty of leisurefor hobbies and outside activities."* *Are you seeking a career that can givefull scope to your abilities? Have yQUthe drive and enthusiasm to "work foryourself"? We invite you to spend 30minutes in your own home, taking theMutual Life Aptitude Test. If youqualify, . you'll hear front the MutualLife manager whose office is nearestyou. He'll explain our excellent on-the­job training course, designed to help youlaunch your new career. And you'll findthat the Mutual Lifetime Compensa­tion Plan provides liberal commissionsand a comfortable retirement income.Many Mutual Life success storieshave started with this Aptitude' Test.Just mail the coupon below .TiH:E MUTUAL LIFEIN5URAN!C,E COMPANY of N'EW YOlK"34 Nassau StreetN'ew York 5, N. Y. � Alexan.de. r E. PaHersonM Presiden'GENTLEMEN:Please send me your Aptitude Test.Name _ .. _Home Address _............................. _ 1111)2THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAqO MAGAZINEAMERICAN UNIVERSITY CLU8OF BERLINHarold J. Fishbein, '18; Major David LWickens, AM '25; Daniel Glaser, '39, AM'47; and Jack I. Stone, '41, al� .of whom areworking for the Office of Military Govern­ment for Germany (U.S.) became chartermembers of the American University Club·of Berlin at its formal organization banqueton November 19, 1947. At the first meetingthey heard General Lucius D. Clay, MilitaryGovernor for Germany and Commander-in­Chief, European Command, commend mem­bers, of the organization for "rep�esentingthe best products of our delI!-0cratlc educa­tional institutions." The pnmary concernof' the American University club members isto stimulate the highest standard of pro­fessional service. Promoting the educationalexchange-student movement in Germa,:yand screening German studen.ts for s�udy InAmerican universities are projects bemg un­dertaken by the club.28Estoblished I Q,02Y A'R:DS ALL OVER TOWN:GENERA,L OF.FleES342 N. Oa'kley 'BI,vd.Telephon. See'ley #88Real Estate and Insurance1500 East 57th Street . Hyde Park 2525Jilatkstont 1DttO,rating�trbittPhone Pullman 9170•: 10422 l\bobe� §be., Cbitago, 3JU.,RICHARD H. WEST CO.,.:COMMERCIAlPAINTING & DECORATING1331W. Jac·bon Blvd. Tel'e:phoneMonr,oe 3192TuckerDecorating. Service'1360 East '70th StreetPhone MIDway 4404lOCAl A:ND lONG ·DISTANCE HAUUNG•60 YEARS OF DEPENDABlESERVICE 10' 'HE SOU,THSIDE•ASK FOR' fREE ESTIMATE•55th and ELLIS AVENUIECHICAGO 15 I ILLINOISPhone BUTterfield 6711DAVI,D L. 5UTTO,N, Pres .. Chalkley J. Hambleton, Jr. was p!omotedto assistant secretary at the Harris Trustand Savings Bank, Chicago in January.The National Federation of TempleYouth an affiliate of the Union of Ameri­can Hebrew Congregations, has appo.intedRobert E. Herzog to the post of AssistantDirector,Carolyn R. Just attended the Fifth Con­ference of the Inter-American Bar Associa­tion in Lima, Peru, held November 25 toDecember 8, ]947, as a delegate from theAmerican Bar Association and 5 other barassociations, and was re-elected to the Coun­cil of the Inter-American Bar.Elizabeth M. Weedfall, who. was withthe American Embassy in London, has beentransferred and as of February 2 took upher new duties with the American Embassyin San Jose, Costa Rica.1935Captain James R. Kingham, AM '38, isan instructor in the Marine Corps Schoolsat Quantico, Virginia. ICharles B. Mahin, JD, has been admittedto membership in I the law firm of Scott,MacLeish & Falk in Chicago. He has beenassociated with the firm for a number ofyears.Evelyn L. Missel (Mrs. G. Edwin Brown)is Assistant Director in charge of Com­municable Disease Nursing at the COQkCounty School of. Nursing.Bartlett Petersen is 2nd Officer in theMerchant 'Marine on the S. S. BessemerVictory.Florencio Saez received the Ed.D. degreeat Columbia at their fast commencement,and at present is Dean of the EvangelicalSeminary of Puerto Rico, and finds thework v�ry satisfying.1936We have just received a delayed NewYear's card ('Happy Mid Year!") fromRobert B. Giffen, who served as assistant tothe Dean of the Chapel while he took grad­uate work in the Divinity School. The cardcame from his flew home address at 2154S.W. 24th Street, Miami, Florida. Bob leftthe Midway to head up the WestminsterFoundation at Princeton, moved on to thepastorate of the �resbyterian �hurch inEaston, Pennsylvania and remamed thereuntil' his health compelled him to slowdown for a needed rest. The card doesn't. say but we assume he chose Florida forthe rest.1937Dr. Arnold Lazarow, PhD '41, � '41,a member of the anatomy faculty of West­ern Reserve University, Cleveland, hasturned inventor ill order to carryon hisresearch on poliomyelitis and diabetes. Hehas designed an instrument for makingchemical blood studies with a single dropof blood instead of the 200 drops usuallynecessary. Mrs. Lazarow was Jane Klein, '39.Beatriee M. Schonberg (Mrs. GregoryBardacke) is living in Jamaica, New York.P,hon.e: Saginaw: 32,02FRA!NK CUJRIRA,NRoof�ing & il'nsulat,i:o,nLeak:, RepairedFre« E.fim'ate'.FRANK CURRAN iR,O:OFII'NG CO. I8019 Benne.tt St. Her husband is with the United NationsAppeal for Children. Her ol�est daughter.Judy is seven, and the tWInS, Jean andAnn: are four and are attending the Inter­national Nursery School at Lake Success.Massey H. Shepherd, Jr., PhD, a formermember of the Divinity School faculty andnow Professor of Church History at theCambridge .. Theological Schoo� in Massa­chusetts is on leave and spending the yearin Rome doing research at the VaticanLibrary.1938Robert W. Boggs, MD, is living in SanFrancisco, and his office is at 18 SecondAvenue in San Mateo.Helmut W. Engelmann, PhD, is a re­search chemist with the Hercules POWderCompany in Wilmi'ngt�n, Dela�are. H_isson, Curtis, celebrated his first birthdav InJanuary. . .Lois E. Leavitt, AM (Mrs. Otis Sphnter)is now assistant professor of Physics andMathematics at Nebraska Wesleyan Uni­versity in' Lincoln.Benjamin D. Paul, PhD '42, is a lecturerin the Department of' Social Relations atHarvard University.Jonathon M. Williams, MD, is a brainsurgeon, and is living in Washington, D. C.There are three children in the Williamsfamily; David, Stephen and Meredith.1939. Mabel E. Carlson is now Mrs. W. T.Grieg and is living at 129 N. HumphreyAvenue in Oak Park, Illinois.Frances M. Gray, AM, is Executive Secre­tary of t�e Presbyteri�n Boar� of ForeignMissions in San FranCISCO, California,1940Marina Farmakis, AM '42, PhD '45, is inZurich; Switzerland, where she is attendinglectures at the University of Zurich. Sheis returning to the States later this month.John A. Johnson, JD, and his wife (Har­riet Nelson, '39) are living in Falls Church.Virginia. They have two children, Barbieand Johnny, and also a dog and a cat.Philip Rutter Lawrence, LLB '42, has re­cently joined the' San Francisco legal firmof Landels & Weigel.Jerome E. Moberg was in Chicago themiddle of January on business from Elli­cottville, New York, where he is operatinghis own manufacturing business under thename of Moberg Brothers (2 and a brother­in-law) Company, Inc. With 26 employeesTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEIand a factory full of machinery, they manu­facture baby cribs and play pens. We triedto :give him all the birth columns from re­cent issues but he insisted he was in thewholesale �nd of the business. We couldn'teven find a birth announcement of twinsto offset this argument.Robert S_ Picard is a resident in internalmedicine at Charity Hospital in NewOrleans.Suzanne G. Rinck, AM, is Registrar andProfessor of New Testament at the BaptistMissionary Training School in Chicago.Dorothy Ryan is in Munich, Germany,working with the Wa'F Relief Services,NCWC, with IRO Team 1066.Phyllis Shapiro is now Mrs. Epstein, andis living in Shorewood, Wisconsin.Lt. Col. Edward J. Whiteley, MD, is at­tending the University of Illinois School ofMedicine taking post-graduate courses inotolaryngology. The course will last untilJune, 1948, and then he plans to take aresidency in an Army hospital. He is tak­ing the course as part of the Army educa­tional and training program.1941Walter O. Haas, Jr., PhD, and his wife(Dorothy F. Hoskins, '42, SM '43) havemoved to Scotia, New York. Dr. Haas hasjoined the staff of the Atomic Energy Lab­oratory run by General Electric Companyat Schnectady. They have bought a home inthe nearby suburb of Scotia, and like itvery much.Ralph D. McWilliams, AM, is assistantprofessor of Spanish, at De Pauw Universityin Greencastle,. Indiana.Helen J. Zeleznik, AM, is assistant -to themanager of Kirby Block and Company ofChicago, a resident buying office for de­partment stores.Fred Zimmerman, AM, is Director ofPersonnel with Sinclair Refining Companyat East Chicago, Indiana, and is living inHarvey, Illinois.1942Robert D. Elliott has been appointed aninstructor in economics at Bowdoin College.Felix Reichmann, AM, has been pro­moted to the newly created position ofassistant director in charge of technicalservices at Cornell University Library.John Louis Soong, MBA, is living inShanghai, China, where he is working forthe Standard Oil Company. His, wife andtwo children are with him.Margaret E. Thompson is teaching Eng­lish in the Anacostia High School in Wash­ington, D. C.1943Charlotte F. Andress, AM, has returnedto Chicago to accept a position as Assist­ant Executive .Director of the Young Wo­men's Christian Association of Chicago.Robert F. Dale is an agricultural clima­tologist with the U. S. Weather Bureau in .Washington. At present he is doing someadditional work at Iowa State College inAmes.Paul W. Siever, MD, former instructor inPediatrics at Bobs Roberts Hospital oncampus is now in private practice of pedi­atrics in Hyde Park, and on the pediatricstaff at Michael Reese Hospital. He' hastwo daughters: Ellen Carol, 31'2, and LeslieAnn, twenty months. '1944Kenneth S. 'Axelson, son of T r u s teeCharles F. '\xelson, �06, has moved with his family to Juneau, Alaska to become comp­troller of the Columbia Lumber Companyof Alaska. He was formerly with the Seattlefirm of Arthur Anderson & Company, pub­lic accountants. The Alaska firm operatesthroughout a wide section of the territorywhich will mean that Kenneth will travelto, such points as Fairbanks, Anchorage,Seward, Sitka and many other glacier washedvalleys. He has also agreed. to serve asour public alumni relations representativein the Territory where we have a total of14 alumni, counting Kenneth.Rev. George H. Dunne, PhD Y44, of theJesuit fathers is a missionary priest witha new mission-preaching racial tolerancethrough the medium of the drama. He isthe author of "Trial by Fire" produced bythe Blackfriars' Guild in New York, whichis a play based on an actual incident andwhich is a scathing indictment of intoler­ance and the injustice which lets intolerancego unpunished.1945Donald Herbert Yoder, DB, PhD '47, isProfessor of 'Church History at Union The­ological Seminary. He was formerly on thefaculty of Syracuse University.--i946-Evelyn L. Benagh, AM, has been ap­pointed Librarian of the GovernmentalReference Library, Civic Center, San Diego,California. This library serves city andcounty officials and employees in San Diego.Phillippa Ann Daley, AM,' is now Mrs.Gerry J. Schnur, and is living in Barring­ton, Illinois.James G. Hodgsen, PhD, Director of Li­braries at Colorado Agricultural and Me­chanical College (Fort Collins) was in Cbi­cago late in january for the mid-wintermeeting of the American Library Associa­tion. He dropped in atAlumni House withhis son, Marshall, a student working forhis Ph;D. under the Committee on SocialThuoght,Floyd S. Stanc1iffe, MD, is now on active.duty in the U. S. Navy. and is stationed atthe U. S. Naval Hospital in Corona, Cali­fornia.1947Wilbur E. Dyer 'is teaching at LewisCollege of Science and Technology at Lock­port, Illinois.Adeline, J. Obot is in Frankfurt, Germany,working as civilian employee with theu. S. Army.H. Edmund Platt, JD, is now associatedwith the Provident Mutual Life InsuranceCompany of Philadelphia, as head of the. Pension Trust Section in the Detroit agency.George J. Matousek is now teaching atLoyola University Dental School, and inpart-time practice in Berwyn, Illinois.Floyd L. SandIe, AM, is acting Dean ofInstruction at Grarabling College in Gram­bling, Louisiana,Since his graduation a year ago, RichardF. Schmidt has been employed as an In­dustrial Engineer at the Ball-Band DivisionGEORGE 'ERHARDTand' SO:NS, lne,Painting-,Decoretiin.g-Wood. Finishlng3123 Phonelake Street :Kedzie 3186 .29S/intlWf4Chicago's Oufsfa;ndingDRUG STORESCAMERA POIRTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigu Blvd., Chicago State 8·750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU; of C. ALUMNIAJax Wast:. P,aper' Co.I 2600�2634 W. Taylor St. ,Buyen 01 Any Quantity :W aste PaperScrap Metal and IronFor Prompt. Service CallMr. B. Shedrol, Vall Buren 0230Ii S,ARG;ENIT'S DRUG STOREAn Ethical Drug Store for 95 Years.Chicago's mosf complete. prescription sfoel(23 N. Wabash Avenue­Ch:icago, Illi'nois4u��'fCJ'R1'CAI. SUPPLY co.DIstributors, Manufacturers and Jobbers 01EI:.:�eTRICAL IMATERI,ALSAND FIXT,URE SUPPUES5801 Halsted St. - Englewood 7500BEST BOILER ,REP'A'IR & 'W,ELOING CO. '24-HOUR SERVICEUCENSED ... BONDEDINSUREDQUAIJFIED, WELDERSHAYmarkef 79171404,-08 S. West em Ave.. ChicagoWessen-PecehcntesCoa!1 CO .•6876 South Chiceqo Ave.Phones: We.nfiworth 8620","1-2�3�4W",is�s·on". Co","" Makes Good'"""'"'or­Wallon 0081, 'iI30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe- Itest Place to Eat on the South SideCOLONIAL RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone Hyde Park 6324LA TOURAINECoflee':Gifld Tea- La Touraine Coffee Co.209 Milwaukee Ave., Chicago, Other Plant.B,olton - N.Y. - Phil. - Syracule - Cleveland"You Migh' A. Well flave The Be.t,"BOYDSTON' .BROS: •• INC.,ljND!ERTAKERSSince 18924227-29-31 Cottage Grove Ave.Oak •.. 0492 . Oak. 0493'Albert K. Epstein, '12B. R. Herrls, '2 II:Ep·stei:n. Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTelephone State 8951,,·ASunJaeTreat fo.r,'Any,Dayf-Sundaes and sodas are extra good.made with Swift's Ice Cream. SQdelicious, so creamy - smooth; so of the United States Rubber Company inMishawaka, Indiana.Chester A. Williams, Jr., AM, is at pres- Ient working in the County Treasurer'sOffice lin Chicago; but plans to ibegin teach­ing in September.ENGAG!EMENTSMr. and Mrs. John Joseph Shean ofChicago have. announced the engagemen tof their daughter, Barbara' Ann, to StephenSaunders Barat, '37.Mr. and Mrs. Orion N. Wing announcedthe engagement. of their daughter, RobertaLucille, to Frederick DeGraw, '45, at anopen house party December 26, 1947. MissWing is a graduate of Faulkner School andattended the University of Illinois andSmith College. Mr. DeCraw is completinggraduate study at the University.MARRIAGESElizabeth Lucy Coleman, '25, was marriedJanuary 2, 1948, to Joseph S. Jackson ofWaukesha, Wisconsin. The ceremony tookplace in St. Chrysostom's church in Chicago.They will live in Waukesha, where Mr.1 ackson is; assistant professor of library sci­ence and librarian at Carroll Coltege,Mary C. Phillips, AM '39, foreign corres­pondent for .the "Los Angeles DaHy News"in 1945-46, was married December 17, 1947,at New York, to Russell Hill, foreign cor­respondent for the "New York HeraldTribune."Augustus M. Kelley, '35, was married onDecember 12 to Nancy Ryder Cox, at NewYork City. During the war Mr. Kelley wasa captain in the Medical AdministrativeCorps with the Fifth General Hospital,Gene Ruth Rickey, '42,' was. married tothe Reverend Cromwell Oook Cleveland onNovember 26, 1947, in. Chicago. They areliving near campus while her husband istaking graduate work at the University.Marjorie May Woodrich, '42, was marriedMarch 23, 1946, to Walter Roy Miller, '41.They are living in Chicago Heights.Michael Ladd, '42, who is interning insurgery at Bellevue Hospital, was marriedJanuary 3, 1948, to Anne Pratt of Bridge­water, Connecticut. 'Erich· Rosenthal, AM '42, and LilltanMandell were married December 13, 1947.They are liviag on Blackstone Avenue inChicago. -WUliam Lasker Rosensohn, '43, was mar­ried November 23, 1947, to GabriellePamela Gottlieb at the WaMorf-Astoria inNew York City. Following .. their weddingtrip to the Bahamas, they are living inNew York.Bernice I. Yaffe, '43, was married Novem­ber 2, 1947, to Melvin Dworet, and they areIiving' in Boston.Ann Barber, �45, and Neill Megaw, AM'47, were married. December·20 in Chicago,-They are both back on campus doing grad­uate work.Nan L. Newman, '47, was married Novem­ber 23, 1947, to Martin M. Eskow.' Thewedding took place at the Hotel Delmonicoin NeW" York and they are .now living onChicago's,North Side.Eleanor Lucille Mclndoo; '47, became thebride of Carl Victor Couch December 21,at Kokomo; Indiana, in a picturesque wed­'ding in. which the Christmas colors werethe keynote for the bride's attendants andthe setting for the ceremony.Lee O. Mead, '47, who is working withthe Argonne National Laboratory at theUniversity, was married December 31, 1947,to Ethel LaDue Strom. ANIMAL CAGESofAdvanced Scientific DesignACME SHI5ET METAL WORKS1121 East 55th St.Chicago 15, III.Phone: Hyde Park 9500Pho,nes Oeklend 0690-0691-0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.INC.Awning. and Canopies for All Purpo •••4508 Cottage Grove AvenueASHJIAN BROS.,lnc.1ST A&LlS"ED 1121Orien tal and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED. 8066 South Chicago Phooe Regent' 6000BIENENFELDChicago's Most Complete Stock ofGLASSGLASS CORP. OF ILLINOIS1525W. 35th St. PhoneLafayette 8400"Arthur MichaudelDesigner and Maker ofDistinctive Stained Glass Windows542 North Paulina Street, ChicagoTelephon. Monro. 2423Platers, SilversmithsSpecialis,. ; • •GOLD. ,SILVER. ,RHODANIZESILYERWAR:Elepaired, leRni_hed, lelacquered .SWARTZ & COMPANY10 s. WabaSh Ave. CENtral 8089-90 Chi ••••ECON,OMY SHEET MET At WORK,S- Established in 1922Cornices, Skylights, Gutters, Downspouts,Boi(ler Breachings, Smoke Stacks, Furnacesand RoofingE. C. DeichmanBuckingham 1893 1927 Melrose StreetChicag6, IllinoisTHE UN I V RR SIT Y 0 F CHI C AGO MAG A Z I N E .PENDERCatch Basin and Sewer· Service. Back Water Valves, Sumps-Pumps6620 COnAGE GROVE AVENUE1545 E. 63RD STREETFAIRFAX 0330.0550·0880PENDER CATCH BASIN SERVICE1545' EAST 63RD STREETA. T. STEWART LUMBER CUMPAMIYEVERYTHING. inLUMBER AND MILLWOiRK.7855 Greenwood Ave.410 West Hlth St. vrn 9000iPul 00·34TELEPHONE HA YMA�KET 4568O'CALLAGHAN BROS.PLUMBING CONT,RACTORS21 SOUTH GREEN STHOW ARC' F. NOLANPLASTERING, BliCKendCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALiT't5341 S. lake Park Ave.T elophone Dorchester ;1579Since 1878HANNIBAL, INC.UpholstersFurniture Repairin.g1919 N. Sheffield AvenuePhone: LincolnI71'80)CO .. N!CRE'T:EFLOORSSI'DEWAlKSMACHINE FOUNDAnONSWentworth 4422T. A. REHNQUIST co.6639 So. Vernon Ave. BIRTHSRalph F. Stitt, '28 and Mrs. Stitt (EllaMarks, '24) announce the arrival on August14, 1947, in Hartford, of Janet Carolyn.Mother writes that sister Peggy, three, ismost delighted with baby sister, rating hersecond only to the puppy across the street.They are living in Wethersfield, Conn.Born November 4, 1947, Arthur Lad,second son of Mrs. Leon Kanegis (LillianHayman, '35, MBA '41) of Washington,,D. C.Born to Mr. and Mrs. Donald G. William­son (Marion J. Salisbury, '39) on January 6,1948, at the Evanston (Illinois) Hospital,a son named Donald Hugh Williamson.The new arrival has a sister Barbara Helen,who is two and a half.A. Hart W'Urzburg, '41, and Mrs. Wurz­berg (Minna F. Sachs, '43)' have a son,Michael, born Apr,il 23, 1947. They areliving in Highland Park, Illinois.DEATHSIsetta Gibson, '86, (Mrs. Edgar A. B uz­zell) on April 2, 1946, at Chicago.Albert W. Meyer, MD Rush '97, on July26, 1947, at Bloomington, Illinois, where hewas a practicing physician.Paul Monroe, PhD '97, professor emeritusof education at Teachers College, ColumbiaUniversity, and internationally known forhis research in the development of educa­tion in ancient and modern times, on De­cember 6, 1947, at Garrison, New YorR.Hervey J. Shutts, '00, formerly of CedarFalls, Iowa, where he was local coal dealerfor many years, on December 27, 1947, atthe home of his SOQ; in Mankato, Minn.Henrietta J. Tromanhauser, '00,. fortwenty years a member of the faculty ofthe University of Idaho, on August 3, 1947,at Yakima, Washington.Gerald M. W. Teyen, '02; on October 11,1947, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin.Georgia Hopper, PhM '04, emeritus mem­ber of the Bradley University faculty, onNovember 16, 1947, at Peoria, Illinois.Isabel S. Smith, SM '05, PhD '22, onMonday, January 19, 1948, at Oberlin, Ohio.For 24 years, until her retirement in 1927,Miss Smith was head of the biology depart­ment of Illinois College in Jacksonville,Illinois.Benjamin S. Barnes, '06, SM '08, MDRush '09, on December 13, 1947, at Shenan­doah, Iowa. He is survived by his wife andson, Charles A. Barnes, MD '37.Henry A. Ruger, AM '06,. Professor Emer­itus of Psychology of Teachers College,Columbia University since 1938, died athis home in Wellington, Ohio, July 17,1947.Bernard Ly.man Johnson, '07, buildingmagazine editor, architect and buildingconsultant, on December 23, 1947, at Seattlefollowing a brief illness.Albert H. Montgomery, MD Rush �07,.suddenly at his home in Chicago on Janu­ary 31, 1948. Dr. Montgomery was headof the surgical staff at Children's MemorialHospital when he retired a year ago.Solomon K. Diebel, '08, on October 14,1947, at Seaside, Oregon. 'Ottis B. Sperlin, PhM '09, on November21, 1947, at Seattle, Washington.. John A.· Clement, PhD '11, ProfessorEmeritus of Education at the Universityof Illinois since 1943, died at his home inChampaign following a heart attack No­vember 1. 1947. LEIGHISGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyde Park 9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERl'ele.phone Haymarket 31(20E. A. AARON & BR.OS. Inc.Fresh Frui's and Ve�getab'esDistributors ofCEDERGREEN FROZEN FRESH FRUITS AND'. VEGEIABIIES46-48 South Water MarketGolden Dirilyte(formerly Diril1oltl).The Lifetime TablewareSOLID -- NOT PLATBDService for Eight $61.85FINE BONE CHINAAynsley, Royal Crown Derby, Spode andOther Famous Makes;· Also Crystal, TableLinen and Gifts.COMPLETE TABLE APPOINTMENTSDirigllJ' Inc.70 E. Jackson Blvd. Chicago, I'll.·THE UNIVERSITY OF CH1UAGO MAGAZINESU·PERFLUOUS . HA:.I·R';REMOVED 'FOIREV'E'RMultiple 20 p"�tinum needles can be used.Permanent remevel of hair from face, eye­brows, back ,of ned, or any iparf of bodly,:aJs.o fad ail "'ains, mo'I'es;." a,nd warts.LOTTI,E A. METCALFEELECTROUS EXPERT2,0 year.s'. :exp:eri,e·nceGrad,uaJe NurseSuite 1705. Stevens Buildi.ng1,7 :N. S'tate S'tJ�ee+T el!e,phone fran!klin 48:85,'". .. ) �,FREE 'C,ONSULTATIONSince 1895Surgeons" Fine InstrumentsSurgical EquipmentHospltal and Offi'ce Fur,nitureSund�i'es" Supplies, DressingsV.' MUELLER '& !CO.All� Phones: SEEl.ey 2180408 SOUTH HONORE STtREEr­CHICAGO 12, ILLINOISBOYDSTON ,BROS •• INC.operatingAu,thof<ize;d 'Am,buliance ServiceFor BiUings. HospitalOfficial Ambulance Service forThe University of Chicago:Oak •. 0492 Oak. 0493. Traine:d and lic'ense,d ,atte.nd;ants'T elephont KENwood 1352i - J . E. KID WELL, Flor:isl:8'26 East Forty-seventh Street !Chicag,o IS,. Ulino'isJAMl:S E. KIDWELL Charles Lee Sullivan, 'II, president andgeneral manager of the Thresher Paint and'Varnish Company of Dayton, on January,27, 1947, at Dayton. Mr. Sullivan was pastpresident and director of the Boy Scouts,campaign manager of the Dayton Com­munity Chest and the Mayor's solicitationcommittee. Last June he was one of thenine alumni who were awarded AlumniCitations at the annual Alumni Assembly.held at Reunion._ ', Ralph J. Rosenthal, '12,. account execu­tive for Ruthrauff and Ryan, advertisingagency in Chicago, on January 26, 1947.Libburn W. Renfro, MD Rush '13, Seattlephysician, on May 3, 1947.Charles E. Dull, SM '13, supervisor ofscience instruction in the junior and seniorhigh schools of Newark, New Jersey, andthe author of several text books, on De­cember 20, 1947.Erich Wilhelm Schwartze, MD Rush '14,fOir many years a specialist in pharmacology,on November 11, 1947. The funeral servicewas conducted entirely by the doctor's for­mer patients.Arthur MdCracken - Harding, AM '14,PhD ''16, retired president of the Undversiryof Arkansas, on December' 24, 1947, atFayetteville, Arkansas.Vincent Brendan Bowler, '17, MD Rush'19, on October 20, 1'947, at Chicago.Alexander H. Krappe, P-hD '19, teacherand author, on December 1, 194'7, at Phila­delphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Krappe was aformer professor of romance languages atGeorge Washington University, and hadtaught at Minnesota, Indiana and Missouri.Untjl ]un!e of last year he had been teach­ing at the Ogontz School for Girls inOgontz, Pennsylvania. ,Victor J. Winn, '19, suddenly on Decem­ber 8, 1947, of a heart attack at his homein M:t. 'Prospect, Illinois.Cina L. Biszantz, '21, retired principaland teacher in the Cleveland schools for45 years, on December 26, 1947, at herhome. in Cleveland.R.ay W. King, '22:, MD. Rus� '2�" on Sep­tember 30, 1947, a� Peoria, Illmols. DUring­the last war Dr. Kmg served as major withthe• �rmy Medical Corps., His home, was. inPeor�a; where he specialized in internalmedicine.. Alma Bauman, '22, head of the journal­Ism department at Morgan Park HighSchool in Chicago, in December, I947.J�et Fairbank, 23, nosed Chicago singer,on September 26, 1947, at Cb.icago.Howard A. McKinnon, '23, was killed in­stantly when his auto collided head-on withanother car at Sunset, Beach, Florida, OftDecember 1'9, 1947. His wife was alsocritically injured in the accident. Mr. Me­Kinnon w�s head of the McKinnon DrugCompany In' St. Petersburg, Florida.Ada Espensha�e, '36, SM '38, was' a pas­senger o� a ship sunk in a Philippinetyphoon In December, with. apparent lossof all, passengers. She was returning to theStates, after having been in Japan withthe Fisheries Division of Natural ResourcesBoard. 'John Van Male, PhD '42, on January 15,1948, at Denver. He was director of Mary'Reed Library at Denver University and wasresponsible {or tne: passa,ge by, the Coloradolegislature of a new comprehensive librarylaw.Wal'ter E. Magney, '44, was killed in anautomobile accident on january' 14,. 1.948,in Chicago. AMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. JACKSON BOULEVARDCHICAGOA Bureau or Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field.It Is affiliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency or Chicago. whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both QrganlzatlQnsi assist in the appointment Qf admlnlstratQrsas well as of' teachers.Our service is natlon-wlde,Since J885ALBERTTeachers' Aigency1 The best i,n placement service for UniversityCollege, 'Secondary and Elementary. Nation:wide patronage. Call or write us at. 25 E. Jackson Blvd.Chicago 4, IllinoisCLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency66th Year.N ationunde Service. Five Offices-One Fee64 E. Jackson Blvd.. ChicagoMinneapolis-Kansas City. Mo.Spokane-N.,., YorkTHE HUGHES TEACHERS AGENCY,25 East Jackson, Chicago 4, IllinQis, isusing this space to remind college andhigh school teachers and administratorsof its dignified, professional, efficientservice. It invites correspondence,STENOTYPYLearn new, Ilpeedy machine sherthand. Le ..effort, no cramped fingeu or nervOUI fatilJueAllo other coursea: Typing, Bookkeepln,'Comptometry, etc. Day or evening. Vi,.,'writ, or ".lIoft, for fiala. •Sryant� SU,' atton�'O�EGE18 S. Michigan Ava. ral. Randolph 1575WILLIAM B. JADDEN-LOS ANGELES, CALifORNIATwo months before my release to inactive duty from theI began to think seriously about a peacetime career. I haddegree in business administration, and almost four years ofexperience with a leading aircraft concern in Los Angeles.realized that going back to the aircraft company might mean Navy,a Master'ssupervisoryBut Ithe samekind of seniority drawbacks as in the Navy, and my earnings wouldn'tnecessarily be in direct proportion to the work I put in. Besides,the idea of working for myself appealed to �e more st�ongly than ever.My first thought was to start a business of my own. But thatwould take a much larger investment than I could possi,bly make.About this time I recalled some New England Mutual advertisements'I had read ip the Princeton Alumni Weekly, which reached me regularlyoverseas. I began to ask myself whether life insurance wouldn't giveme more than just another job. So I wrote the New England, and severalother companies, for more information. The more I looked into it,the more I liked the idea of this business.When I got back to Los Angeles as a civilian, I called on theagencies of the six companies I regarded as tops in the field. I begana very lengthy analysis of the pros and cons of going into the busi­ness. My investigation convinced me that life insurance offered justabout everything I was looking for--something in which I'd be my ownmaster without making a heavy investment, where hard work couldn'thelp but increase my earnings, and where I'd never have to ask for araise. I became convinced., too, that the New England Mutual was theTiffany of life insurance companies.I took the aptitude test, then basic training here in our agency,followed by a comprehensive course* at the Home Office in Boston. Now,after qualifying for membership in the Company's Leaders Associationin my first year, I can definitely say that I am happy I made thischoice. The proof, I think, is that I have never once had the well­known feeling that "the grass is greener on the other side of the fence.""'Graduates of our Home Office training courses, many of themnew to the business, are selling at a rate which produces averagefirst-year incomes of $3600. The total yearly income on suchsales, with renewal commissions added, will average $5700. Facts such as these helped Bill Jadden solve his career problem.If you'd like to know more, write Mr. H. C. Chaney, Director ofAgencies, New England Mutual Life Insurance Company, 501Boylston Street, Boston 17, Massachusetts.Here are some of the Chicago men now with New England Mutual:Harry Benner, 'I), ChicagoMrs. O. B. Anderson, '15, Minneapolis Charle-s P. Houseman, '28,Los AngelesWe have opportunities for more Chicago men. Write Dept. O.� .ORGANI(jCUEMICALS-Modern Medicine MenThe modern treatment of disease involves many factors-t.among which chemotherapy becomes more vital every day.In the treatment of\nsease and disabling allergies, medicines synthesized from organic chemicalshave. replaced many of the less specific medicinal agents of past generations.Such medicinals' as. the sulfonamides, penicillin, streptomycin, anti-histamines and aspirin,either comfort the .patient or make the control of his illness far more certain and effective. In eachcase the broad availability of these drugs has been madepossible by the development of synthetic organic chemicalswhich are necessary to. their manufacture.Carbide and Carbon Chemicals has pioneered in synthe­sizing and producing, on a large scale, dependable organic­chemicals. Our technical representatives are well qualifiedto help you make the best use of them in the developmentof your product. I�A partial list (if our chemicals, now considered basic to the pharma­ceutical industry, includes the alcohols: methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol;acetic anhydride; propylene glycol; ethyl ether; ethyl and isopropyl acetate;acetone; ethylene dichloride; "Carbouax" compounds; acetoacetic esters;and the ethanolamines. For specific information on any of these materials,their chemical and physical properties, and their reactivity, call or writeour nearest office for e e Synthetic Organic Chemicals," booklet B."Carbo wax" is a registered trade-mark of C. & C. C. C.