M UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO M AC AZINEAPRIL 19 4 7Do you believein THRIFT ?I'm a regular Scotsman for thrift. I never throw awayanything I can use again."Every year I salvage millions and millions of poundsof metal from what you might call junk."I collect all the old telephone equipment, wire andcable no longer useful to the Bell System . . . and all themachine scrap, turnings and rejected parts from the factories where I make Bell Telephone equipment. "I turn this scrap metal into bars and billets of refinedmetals and alloys out of which I make new telephoneequipment. I salvage rubber, textiles and paper, too . . .and anything I can't use again, I sell. Nothing is wasted."My thriftiness, as supply unit of the Bell System, isone reason why you get telephone service . . . the world's'best ... at the lowest possible cost."Remember my name. It's Western Electric."MANUFACTURER... PURCHASER... DISTRIBUTOR.,. INSTALLER.of 43,000 varietiesof telephoneapparatus. of supplies of alikinds for telephonecompanies. of telephoneapparatus anducplies. of telephonecentral officeequipment.4? Western ElectricA UNIT OF THE BELL SYSTEM SINCE 1882EDITOR'S MEMO PADTo avoid confusionIf you have not yet received it, theannouncement of the sixth annualAlumni Gift to the University is onits way to you. We have only twocomments to make about this.First, as a member of the Association and subscriber to the Magazine,you are better informed about theprogram of the University and itsjustification for your support than aremany alumni. Therefore, within thelimitations of your budget, we hopeyou can join us in our 1947 AlumniGift.Second, should your membership inthe Association be expiring duringthese spring months, please don't getour notice for renewal confused withthe Foundation's request for a gift tothe University. The money you sendto the Alumni Foundation (which isa division of our Association) isturned over in its entirety to the University. Your membership dues, onthe other hand, are retained by theAssociation to underwrite the Magazine and to help finance the otherphases of our alumni program.June reunion/vlumni Day will be Saturday, June,7. The following classes have plansunder way for reunions during thatweek-end :1897 50th 1922 25th1907 40th 1927 20th1917 30th 1937 10thThe Class of 1937 took a poll amongits members last year and, by popularvote, they are planning a cocktailparty Saturday afternon, June 7, between three and six at a southsidehotel. Dan Smith, 5707 KimbarkAvenue (Fairfax 3865) is the man tocontact (Webster approves this verb!)for further information or offers tohelp.That wormAlumnus Griffith's "Worm in theRose" in the February issue fills our"Letters" section this month with differences of opinion. When Mr. Griffith called for a new star, a newBethlehem, and a new manger, both he and we assumed there would benew sparks flying. Q.E.D. However,our editorial theory is that such anarticle will give us pause to justifyour religious beliefs and practices orchange our course which may beheaded into selfsatisfied selfishness.Students at playMany alumni, convinced that ournew College program is sound scho-lastically, are dubious about the extracurricular program which should givebalance to any college plan. Thedubiousness prpbably stems from alack of information. To remedy this,Dean John L. Bergstresser acceptedour invitation to tell you about thestudent social program in this issue.In subsequent issues we will carrystories on the athletic program andlife in the residence halls.This month yesteryear Denver and points westTaking advantage of a trip President Ernest C. Colwell is making toLos Angeles late in May, the followingalumni meetings are being plannedwith the President as guest of honor:Friday, May 23, President Colwellwill be entertained by the DenverClub. Monday, May 26, he will meetwith the Utah alumni at Salt LakeCity. Wednesday or Thursday evening, May 28 or 29, he will join withthe alumni in Southern California ina meeting at Los Angeles.Local arrangements for these threemeetings have not been completedbut we should be able to furnish details in our May issue. If you livewithin commuting distance of any ofthese centers we hope you can keepyour calendar free for the occasion.On April 6, 1920 our varsity baseball team left for Japan to make its thirdofficial visit in a decade. Ten years later (1930) the team made its fifth visit,leaving Seattle on the Japanese ship Hikawa Maru.Before the two stacks the team lined up for a picture. Identifying from thelrear, forward with their present residences given in parenthesis:Wingate (FlossmooY); Olson (no address); Johnson, C. L. (Chicago); Urban(Oak Park); Holahan (Kankakee); Johnson, H. C. (Lomira, Wis.); Henshaw (Chicago); Lynch (Lockport); Gray (Tulsa); Bluhm (Clayton, Mo.); Cahill (Chicago);Knowles (Leesburg, Ha.); Fish (Los Angeles); Coach Nelson Norgren.1LETT ERSHutchins for PresidentSince education offers the only solution to our world and nationalproblems, it is only logical to conclude that our government shouldhave as its chief executive someonewho is a recognized, capable administrator of education.This man must also have a goodpractical understanding of the political and social sciences.He must have the feeling of theneeds of the common man.He must know the physical meansof operating institutions.He must know the needs of thecountry and the world, but above allmust know human beings.We have that man in RobertHutchins.How to put him over to the people as a savior of our institutions andrestore the hope of the world, I amin no position to suggest.You men close to him must devisesome method by which you can givehim to the people and save us fromdisaster.I am sure he would not want toundertake such a heartbreaking jobas that of President of the UnitedStates. But these are pressing timesand you men who have enjoyed living close to his influence must alsomake the sacrifices for the benefit ofall humanity.I guess if we were politicians andhad one good smoke-filled room itwould be no problem. Maybe this isa good time to change all that. Aman on a white horse won't solveour problems.A. H. Schwartz, MD Rush '04Beverly Hills, CaliforniaThe four horsemenWhen the Old Man returned herefrom playing his team in Texas, hebrought with him Alonzo [Jr.] Theymet Stella here and the three had aChristmas holiday reunion. . . .When he, Stagg, is here we havefour men who, when we get together,say, "We opened the University ofChicago." They are, besides Stagg,Dr. Edgar J. Goodspeed [DB '97,PhD '98], Dr. Theodore G. Soares[DB '97, PhD '94], and myself. . . .Dr. Soares has retired to a beachhome some 75 miles southeast ofhere and is in poor health. Dr. Good-speed couldn't spare the time to takethe trip down to where Soares livesso I had to content myself with en tertaining the Staggs at dinner Sunday, January 5.Stagg looks much like your portrait of him in the January Magazine. They stay in Stockton untilspring before going east to his new"work" with son, Alonzo. . . .Samuel D. Barnes, '94, MDLos Angeles, CaliforniaThe worm turnsI have read with considerable interest the article in the last issue ofyour magazine entitled, "The Wormin the Rose." I cannot see that itoffers anything of value; therefore, Ido not agree with you that the author's opinion merits consideration.If one is to accept Christianity andbelieve the Lord Jesus Christ as hespeaks to Nicodemus in John 3, it isimpossible to hold to the clear-cutstatement of Jesus and at the sametime believe in the article of Mr.Griffin. The marvelous transformation of cannibals in the Pacificislands was done by changing thelives of individuals through the doctrines laid down by the Lord JesusChrist, who stated, "Ye must beborn again." I am as much againstbloodshed and warfare as Mr. Griffith, but I do not believe he has thesolution.S. J. McCallie, '05Chattanooga, Tenn,In his article, "The Worm in theRose", (February issue), Mr. Griffithcalls for a new religion that eliminates the concern for personal salvation which "lies at the heart of allreligions." He calls this the "germof self-interest that accounts for thefutility of all teaching, preaching andpraying in the past." This is theworm in the rose. Destroy it and wecan again "hope for an untroubledworld." But if it is a worm, Mr.Griffith's new religion would find itcrawling all over his shrubbery."Hope for an untroubled world" isnot devoid of self-interest and theassumption that man can ever freehimself from the bonds of self-interest is endlessly debatable.The desire to achieve personal salvation is indeed common in manyreligions. Whether this is good ornot, it has never been the highestgood in Christian thought. In hisBampton Lectures, K. E. Kirk dealsdirectly with this subject: "Christianmoral theology has evolved the answer, in general terms, that whilsthappiness (conceived either as present communion with God, or as future beatitude, or in that sense inwhich virtue is spoken of as 'its own reward') is indeed the reward of virtue, yet the more a man's conduct isdetermined by his desire to achievethe reward, and by no other desire,the less he deserves the name ofChristian. . . . The words 'disinterestedness' or 'unselfishness', difficult though they are to define, express the ideal of Christian character.It is, further, of the essence of Christian ethics that no form of 'self-centredness' can truly be called disinterested; and under the name of'self-centeredness' is condemned notmerely naked egoism of a worldlykind, nor even the quest for beatitude(present or future) in addition, butany kind of preoccupation with one'sown soul and its successes and failuresin the moral life or the service of itsfellowmen."In Christian thought the vision ofGod is the highest good. It is thisvision reaching its consummation inworship, which overflows upon allefforts of self-discipline and service,and in the phrase of a theologian"disinfects them from egoism."That seems to be very near to Mr.Griffith's proposal, and the formulacan be found not by calling scientists, scholars and theologians towork on the Crossroads Project, butby a discovery of Christianity. Thisis the true fragrance of the rose, andit can be found in much, if not all"teaching, preaching and praying inthe past."Harold E. Nicely, '21Rochester, N. Y.You of course did not expectGriffith's article to meet with universal acceptance.There is much truth in it, to besure. But his call for a new Bethlehem and his decrying of the teachingof wisdom, charity and tolerance isunwarranted. The first Bethlehemhas not been adequately tried yet. Isay that after long study of the NewTestament from the original Greek.The salvation preached in thechurches is not the salvation usheredin by the first Bethlehem. The trouble with the world is not its formsof government, nor of any other social factor. The trouble is with individuals. The statement by HenryFord that this world was built forthe development of character needsto be repeated over and over all overthe world. Guyot's opinion that eventhe continents were formed for theeducation of man is along the sameline. We recognize that there is aschool of life. But how many of oureducational institutions try to cooperate with Him who founded andadministers this school?2THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOMAGAZINEVolume 39 April, 1947 Number 7PUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONHOWARD W. MORT EMILY D. BROOKEEd,tor Associate EditorWILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN JEANNETTE LOWREYContributing EditorsIN THIS ISSUEEditor's Memo Pad iLetters 2Renazifying Germany,, Max Rheinstein 5Stotent; Activities at Chicago, John L. Bergstresser 9Grand Jury on Free Speech 12Books by Alumni 14One Man's Opinion, William V. Morgenstern 16If Britain Fails 17Students and Activities, William C. Montgomery 18News of the Quadrangles, Jeannette Lowrey 19April Calendar 22News of the Classes 24COVER: C-Dance In Ida Noyes HallPublished by the Alumni Association of the University of Chicago monthly, from Octoberto June. Office of Publication, 5733 University Avenue, Chicago 37, Illinois. Annual subscription price $2.00. Single copies 25 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934, atthe Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under the act of March 3, 1879. The American AlumniCouncil, B. A. Ross, advertising director, 22 Washington Square, New York, N. Y., is theofficial advertising agency of the Magazine.The assertion of him who madethe first Bethlehem that the kingdomof Heaven is within you lays downthe fundamental requirement forearthly welfare. The world will neverbe right as long as man is wrong.William F. Clarke, AM '12Duluth, Minn.Your title of the article in the February issue is: "The Worm in theRose." Rather should the title be:"The Wail of a Lost Soul" as hestumbles on into the abyss of eternity that yawns before him.On the page where the shriekingends, by a coincidence another article ends which is key to the "Wail";by name "Fifty Years Ago." Quoting from — "As Dr. Harper's specialfield was religion, he had gatheredabout him a group of scholars especially devoted to the search for spiritual truth. That movement was tobe known as modernism."Modernism, modernism, just plainunbelief; contradicted flatly in scienceby Mendel's Principles of Heredityand Chamberlain's Origin of theEarth in religion by God's InfallibleBook.At the turn of the century I wasin the University of Chicago, luredby a scholarship or two, but after fivequarters I found the religious atmosphere so stifling that I had to rushout and away from school to get abreath of fresh air.You may be sure that when thatfirst atomic bomb comes over thepolar hill from behind the Urals, itwill be drawn irresistibly toward the #Midway, seat of unbelief."God is not mocked; for whatsoever a man soweth shall he alsoreap." Likewise a University.Cassius J. WilliamsonSeattle, WashingtonTREMONTAUTO SALES CORP.Direct Factory DealerforCHRYSLER and PLYMOUTHNEW CARS6040 Cottage GroveMid. 4200AlsoGuaranteed Used Cars andComplete Automobile Repair,Body, Paint, Simonize, Washand Greasing Departments CONCRETEFLOORSSIDEWALKSMACHINE FOUNDATIONST. A-RHfliQUBTCO.fEST. I*»Wentworth 4422T. A. REHNQUIST CO.6639 So. Vernon Ave. Telephone KENwood 1352J. E. KIDWELL mS826 East Forty-seventh StreetChicago 15, IllinoisJAMES E. KIDWELLPRESIDENT ERNEST C. COLWELL will be the honored guest and speaker at theSpring Alumni Dinner Party to be held at International House on the Midway,Wednesday evening, April 23. There will be entertainment by the College students,an exhibit from some of the student activities, and a report on the progress of theUniversity by President Colwell.Invitations are being mailed to all members of the Alumni Association in theChicago area. Any members outside the Chicago area who can be in Chicago thatevening will be most cordially welcome if the Alumni Office is notified in advanceso that reservations can be made for them. This dinner party ($2.50) is beingsponsored by the College Division of the Association and is the first of a series ofactivities which the Association hopes to sponsor for its members and their wivesor husbands.RENAZIFYING GERMANY• By MAX RHElKlSTEINThat's funny,the Amis threw me outIN CONTRAST to U. S. Military Government inJapan, our Military Government in Germany hasnot had a good press. Much of the criticism is, or,at least, was at some time justified, other criticism hasnot been well founded and some of it has been outrightlyunjust and moving in the wrong direction, sometimeswith the unfortunate result of driving Military Government into incongruous actions. Yet I believe that by andlarge Military Government in Germany has done a good,'nay even a very good, job under the most trying circumstances.When we compare Military Government in Japan andin Germany we recognize two disadvantages for M.G. inGermany. In Japan the local government remained intact and could be used immediately as a well established,smoothly functioning machine to enforce occupationalpolicies.In Germany we were faced with administrative chaos.For reasons, the wisdom of which is debatable, not onlythe central but also the local governments were dissolvedby the occupying powers and M.G. had to perform thetwo-fold task of running the complicated administrativemachinery of the country which had fallen into completedisruption and of re-establishing from scratch new German governmental agencies on the local, county andstate levels.American efforts to re-establish German administra- '"tion on the federal level have failed primarily becauseof French opposition. This statement indicates the othergreat difficulty with which we are faced in Germany.In Japan, General MacArthur's orders are the law ofthe land even in the small part occupied by Britishtroops. In Germany we have to share in the occupationwith three other powers, the interests of which are — toput it mildly — not always harmonious.Each power immediately established its own zone asan iron tight compartment, prohibiting all inter-zonaltrade and traffic not expressly authorized by the respective zone commander, and each authorization is givenreluctantly. °Different policies are being pursued in different zonesin almost every important respect. Each zone commanderhas shown a tendency to establish his zone as a self-sufficient economic unit. The result is that they are allequally insufficient. Germany, as an economic unit, isnow cut into four or even five slices by the artificial andpurely accidental zone boundaries.To make things even more complicated, an unidentifiednumber of affairs is carried on centrally by the AlliedControl Authority, especially the Control Council, a quadripartite body which can only act unanimously. Asimiliar situation exists for the Fifth Zone, the City ofBerlin, whose German administration is supervised byanother quadripartite agency, the Allied KommandaturaUnder these circumstances one can but wonder thatthe U. S. Military Government has achieved as much asit has, especially when one considers the difficulty of finding suitable personnel who would not only have the moralqualities to withstand the temptations to which the foreign occupant is of necessity exposed, but who would alsoknow something about the country which they are supposed to govern.Frankly, M.G. in Germany has, for a considerable time,been hampered by the lack of a clearly defined U. S.policy with respect to Germany. Only in recent monthssuch a policy seems to be emerging. This policy viewsthe German problem not as an isolated issue but as anaspect of a much broader problem, which we may wellcall the basic one of U. S. post-war policy. The problemis that of finding a way which renders it possible for twosuch fundamentally different powers as the U. S. and theU.S.S.R. peacefully to live together in one world. Bythis one problem every other problem of internationalrelations is now being overshadowed.I No lone-wolf dangerIt would be unrealistic to be afraid of any new aggression on the part of Germany alone. In a world dominatedby the U.S. and U.S.S.R., a lone wolf Germany wouldnot have a shadow of a chance and the Germans themselves know this. The only chance Germany would havein any future war would be as an ally of one or the other.Since we are neither thinking of aggression nor of disturbing the delicate balance of power now emerging between the two giants, we have no intention of wooingGermany as an ally. But we must also see that Germanyneither becomes someone else's ally nor a battle groundfor competing interests.Faced with the alternative between a partition of Germany into an eastern and western half or into a wholegroup of independent or semi-independent states, or there-establishment of Germany as a unified country, theMax Rheinstein, Professor of Comparative Law, has recently returned from an 18-month leave of absence whilehe was a United States member of the Committee onReform of German Law of the Allied Control Authority.It was a most intelligent assignment since, in additionto being trained in the law, Mr. Rheinstein was born andeducated in Germany where he was on the staff of theUniversity of Munich, a member of the Munich bar, anda member of the research staff of the Kaiser WilhelmInstitute of Comparative Law before joining the Chicagofaculty in 1935 and becoming a naturalized citizen in1940. "Renazifying Germany" is from his speech givenat the annual Law School Alumni Association Banquet.56 T HE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEresponsible makers of our foreign policy seem to haveconcluded that only the latter solution is conducive topeace. Nothing would be more disturbing than a politicalvoid in Central Europe. One Balkan has been enough.U. S. policy, formulated by ex-Secretary of StateByrnes, is thus aiming at the re-establishment of a unified,although administratively decentralized, Germany. Inorder not to constitute a threat to the world, Germanymust be able to maintain a decent standard of living. Itmust also be de-militarized, completely neutralized andmade thoroughly democratic, a larger Switzerland whichcan fulfill its function in the world. This is based on theassumption that Germany can be democratic. But afterall, the majority of the population of Switzerland is asGerman as that of the Reich.The lines on which the U. S. Military Government havebeen working in recent months are in accordance withsuch a policy. The Military Governor has made an effortto induce the Control Council to implement those provisions of the Potsdam Declaration which provide for theestablishment of central German agencies in the fields ofeconomic administration and to remove the boundariesbetween the several zones of occupation.That the former efforts have not succeeded at all, andthe latter to a very limited extent, has not been due tolack of vigor on the part of the U.S. element in the AlliedControl Authority but solely to the opposition on the partof the French and, perhaps, the Soviet. However, American initiative has brought about at least the economicunification of the zones of occupation of the United Statesand of the United Kingdom and the invitation to join inthis unification is being held open to the other occupationpowers.One GermanyIt has been consistently the United States which hasmaintained the principle that Germany ought to be preserved and administered as a unit. What little constructive legislation has so far been adopted by the ControlCouncil has originated with the American delegates.U. S. Military Government has refrained from creatingany central German administration upon a zonal basisthe existence of which might later stand in the way of acentral government of the whole country.The policy of democratizing Germany is being pursuedvigorously, consistently and in various ways. The positiveaspects of this policy have found visible expression in theorganization of all levels of self-government in the U. S.zone.A long range program of education reforms has beeninitiated to educate the younger generation in the spiritof democracy and an extensive program of sports, discussion groups, clubs, and other youth activities has beenundertaken. Beginnings have also been made at semiofficial personal contacts between members of the staffof M.G. and individual Germans in discussion groups andat social events, to interpret American democracy andestablish an atmosphere of mutual respect and confidence. U.S. Military Government has embarked on an extensive program of alleviating human suffering through foodsupplies, public health work, stimulation of repair work,reconstruction of housing and help in the harvesting ofcrops. It is also revitalizing industry, preventing inflation,organizing exports and removing internal barriers of tradecaused by zone boundaries and the dislocations of thesystem of transportation.Browner and brownerYet, German reactions to our efforts have become morecomplex and their willingness ¦ to accept the democraticway seems to be decreasing rather than increasing. Anevil saying now is making the rounds in Germany: "Eversince the Sun of Democracy has been shining over us, weare getting browner and browner [referring to the BrownShirts!]."These dangerous developments are due, in part, to inconsistencies of our own policy. Certain parts of. the organization and certain individuals are still pursuing policies incompatible with re-establishing a democratc self-sustaining Germany. Quite a few members of the personnel have not grasped this policy which, for various reasons, has never been clearly explained to them. They arestill thinking and acting — as so many people at home —under the influence of war-engendered passions, hatreds,and prejudices.Unfortunate methodsIn one important respect: denazification, M.G. hasbeen conspicuously unfortunate in the choice of methods.This is probably more responsible for the shortcomingsthan all other mistakes combined. But there is also afrequent disregard of the democratic principle of the ruleof law by our Counter Intelligence Corps. C.I.C. hasoften acted in a high handed, arbitrary manner, due tothe unfortunate personality traits of some of its members,many of whom have been selected solely for their abilityto speak and understand German.Even more serious is the frequent practice of C.I.C.and other M.G. agencies to proceed against German individuals and subject them to serious detriments withouttelling them the charges against them. Add to this thefrequent arbitrary arrests by the M.P. and Constabulary,the application of third degree methods, and a few conspicuously unjust decisions by courts and it is understandable why the people question our democracy.The Legal Division of M.G. has consistently foughtagainst such methods but coordination among the variousU.S. agencies is not always close enough to guarantee acomplete abandonment of such abuses.Entitled to decent quarters, but . . . .The billeting practices of the occupation troops arealso creating much unnecessary resentment. Contrary tothe practice of former wars and to that presently observed by the Soviets and the French, American personnelis never billeted in one house together with Germans.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 7Where a house is wanted by Americans, all German occupants are thrown out, even if only a fraction of the spaceis needed. This is a remnant of the old policy of non-fraternization, motivated by the fear that Americansmight be infected by the Nazi poison on the theory thatall Germans are Nazis.If this danger were real, it would find ample sourcesin numerous other contacts between Americans and Germans, Frauleins and others.When a German home is requisitioned the owner hasto leave behind all his furniture, linen, kitchenware, etc.Frequently he sees such articles end up in the UnitedStates as "liberated" goods. This was particularly truein the early months of occupation when inventories weresloppily taken and irregularly checked.The requisitions have often been carried out with unnecessary ruthlessness, the occupants being ordered toleave within an hour or two, irrespective of whether ornot they have any other shelter.In general the Germans do not begrudge the Americanstheir good living quarters. They understand that men,who come involuntarily from across the ocean, are entitled to decent living quarters. They also understandthat ruthlessness has often been inevitable under combatconditions. But what they do not understand is ruthlessness under settled conditions; the waste of living spacein places which are frightfully overcrowded because ofwar time destruction and the influx of German expelleesfrom other countries; and particularly the constant shiftsof billets demanding new requisitions. "When one thousand Americans have been sent home," they say, not without justice, "two thousand new billets are being requisitioned."Time and again Military Government has tried to stopsuch abuses, but until recently, its chief, the Deputy Military Governor, has not had command powers over thetactical troops and frictions have been frequent. Therecent appointment of Lieutenant General Clay, the Deputy Military Governor, as Commanding General of theU. S. forces in the European theatre, will probably improve this situation.Another source of growing disrespect for Americanways and institutions has been lawlessness, misconduct andcorruption of a large portion of the American personnel.Press reports about drunkenness, assaults on peaceful German people, black market activities, and immorality are,unfortunately, true although they have occasionally beenexaggerated. However, marked improvements have takenplace and there are many conscientious and decent menin Military Government and among the troops who condemn these practices.Denazification program ...The denazification program suffers from two principledefects: 1) its net is spread too far and 2) the purposeof purging public life has been coupled with other purposes, especially punishment, property control, or ration ing of housing space— purposes in many respects incompatible with each other.As soon as a town was occupied, M.G. would closedown all public offices, courts, schools, etc., and not allowtheir re-opening until a reliable non-Nazi staff had beenfound. This should not have been so difficult. The Nazibigwigs had disappeared. The remaining officials, judges,teachers, etc., were known as Nazis or non-Nazis by thepopulation. Of course, the Germans who knew their fellow citizens did not judge them by their formal memberships in Nazi organizations. They knew that formal membership was an unreliable test. Plenty of people joinedthe Party, not because they were Nazis at heart, but because they wanted to jump on the band wagon, or yieldedto pressure, or felt that boring from within was the bestcombat measure. On the other hand there were numerousvicious Nazis too clever to join any organization formally. a cancerous growthHad M.G. officials followed German non-Nazi advice,denazification would have been an easy and quick operation. Instead, it has turned out to be a festering cancerand a problem, the liquidation of Which will take manyyears. More than anything else it threatens our efforts todemocratize Germany.The trouble began when our M.G. officers entered Germany armed with voluminous instructions on denazification. These had been worked out months in advance atsome office in Washington or at SHAEF, obviously bypeople who knew enough about Germany to see the outward facade but not enough of what was behind it. Wewere neatly caught in our own war propaganda whichobliterated the fact that the very first victims of the Nazishad been the German people themselves and that a cleardistinction should be made between Nazi and non-NaziGermans.The lists our men brought with them were long catalogues of persons who were to be removed from importantpublic office. These people were listed, not by names,but by categories — of organizations and offices. It wasmandatory to remove not only all officers who had beenmembers of Nazi organizations but even non-memberswho held certain public offices. In certain other categoriesremoval was "discretionary".Categories often absurdFinally, there was a third group whose members wereto be automatically arrested as security threats. For example, a German who had joined the N.S.D.A.P. beforeMay 1, 1937, was a mandatory removal case. If he hadjoined after that date his removal was discretionary. Inthe judiciary the distinction depended wholly on rank ordate of promotion. Everyone receiving his first judicialappointment after a certain date fell within the automaticarrest category.The results of this mechanical method were often absurd. In Bavaria, for instance, it has been a long practiceof a young candidate, entering the career service as a8 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEpublic prosecutor, to be appointed to the bench after several years of service in that capacity. There were quite afew cases where the Nazis changed a man from assistantdistrict attorney to judge just because he was not a Nazi.As judge he would be employed in such a politically innocent job as a recorder of deeds, registrar of corporationsor commissioner to administer oaths, and the salary wouldbe smaller. These men had not only to be removed fromoffice but sent to internment camps.In one small city we had the case of a senior prosecutorwhom the Nazis had removed to this appointment froma large city because he was known to them as a Catholicopponent. Under the regulations we had to remove himfrom office.A man appointed Minister of Justice of a state by M.G.(after a most careful investigation) because of his expertcompetence and outstanding anti-Nazi record, was arrested by C.I.C. a few days later, simply because he hadheld, for a short time, an office which figured on the listof mandatory removals.This situation became more absurd when, yielding toa press campaign at home, the scope of denazification wasextended to cover business as well as public office — noteven limited to important public office. A scrub woman,who fell within any of the mandatory categories, was tobe fired as quickly as the mayor or a switchman in thefreight yards.Shift in street cleanersThe story was told of the street cleaner being watchedby an idler."Well, Herr Huber," said the idler, "I didn't know youwere a street cleaner.""Oh, Herr Maier, I wasn't until last week. But I wasa Pg. and so the Amis are making me clear the streets.""Why, that's funny," said the idler, "until last week Iwas the street cleaner and the Amis threw me out."That joke illustrates another aspect of denazification.Whoever lost his job was to be thrown out of his homeand was subject to the blocking of his bank account andother property.There was no quarrel with the application of thesemeasures to big Nazis. However, they were applied asstrictly to innumerable little fellows, of whom quite afew were non-Nazis or even anti-Nazi, while they left untouched many who should have been touched.Dumped in German lapsBy the end of 1945 it was obvious that the situationwas out of hand and something drastic needed doing.Almost a year after surrender, what should have beendone at the outset was done, viz, the whole mess wasdumped into the laps of the Germans. It was decidedthat each man should be judged on his merits.But we were not ready to abandon our elaborate formalcategories. Only, in the future they were to constitutemere presumptions. Those who fell within any one of thecategories are presumed to be black, but they can go be fore a German board and have themselves whitewashed.Until such a person is cleared, he is out of office or business, out of home and property, but inside a labor gang,inside a block with millions of people who, by being madesocial outcastes, are being driven into embitterment andopposition. In that situation he remains until the Spruch-hammer gets around to dealing with his case — anywherebetween a few months and many years.There are several million cases. When boards try tostart on these cases they are slapped down and told firstto mete out punishment to the bad Nazis. Meanwhile,people who could and will be cleared are left to wait —all because they happen to fall within these formal categories which have already proved to be unworkable.Among them is Germanys best managerial talent.Denazification or renazificationThe unfortunate results are twofold: economic rehabilitation is delayed, offices and schools are understaffed,and the millions of outcasts are being welded into a solidblock of malcontents and desperadoes, driven back toNazism or into it for the first time.If we had not been misguided by hatred, prejudice andpropaganda, if we had not fallen for Goebbel's viciouslie that 98% of the German people were Nazis, we couldalready have a sound democracy in our Zone. UnderNazism the people had learned their lesson and wereready for sincere conversion.Our denazification methods are making martyrs out ofinconsequential little fellows, are hitting too many wrongpeople, are barring the road to conversion of the formerNazi who has learned his lesson, and are retarding economic rehabilitation. It is the worst possible climate fordemocracy and it is driving into sterile hatred and resentful opposition millions of people who, otherwise, might besincere democrats.German friends are now telling us that if we continueour present methods, "By denazifying Germany we willrenazify her."The dangers of this situation have finally been recognized and under the recent Christmas amnesty about 800,-000 small people have been released from discrimination.To a considerable extent the situation has thus beenameliorated, but the number of people waiting for clearance is still too high, especially when one considers thatthe income limit of 3,500 Reichsmark excludes from theamnesty the skilled talent of the economy and the publicadministration.Yet, the burden of the denazification boards has beenconsiderably relieved and the whole process will be expedited, provided the boards will no longer be compelledto give priority to the cases of the bad Nazis. These people, most of whom are under arrest, can wait. But furtherdelays in those cases in which a clearance is to be expected, would render acute potentially dangerous situation and would thus threaten to render nugatory the excellent and constructive work that has been and is beingdone by our Military Government in Germany.STUDENT ACTIVITIES AT CHICAGOBy JOHN L. BERGSTRESSERThe University believes that students organizations havepositive educational value and, consequently, students areencouraged to take part in organizations that affordcultural development and congenial and desirable socialrelationships. From THE OFFICIAL MANUAL FOR STUDENTS.Although the main purpose of the College is intellectual, we want you to have every opportunity and encouragement to develop in all directions leading to fullness of achievement. From the printer COLLEGE ORIENTATION PROGRAM.THE University offers wide freedom of opportunityto students to form student organizations which"give scope for particular abilities and interests."At the same time, the University's positive concern aboutthe quality of experience afforded by student activities isevidenced by the requirement that each recognized student organization have a faculty adviser.All such organizations are extended the privilege ofusing University facilities for meetings and poster display.Several of the extra-curriculum activities receive, in addition, considerable direct or indirect financial assistance.For instance, the University provides the equipment, spaceand other facilities for such activities as publications,dramatics, photography, sports, and arts and crafts.For those activities, which, for effective achievement oftheir objectives, require the development and applicationof highly technical or advance skills, the University provides trained and professionally qualified staff membersto teach and counsel the student participants. Examplesof this type of activity are arts and crafts, music anddramatics. Even in such instances, however, it is insistedthat strong emphasis is to be placed upon student initiative, responsibility, and creativeness.133 student organizationsOn the day that this is written (tomorrow the figuremay well be outdated) there are 133 recognized studentorganizations registered in the Office of the Dean of Students. These groups range in membership from ten, theminimum required for recognition, to nearly a thousandin the case of the American Veterans Committee, one ofthe largest college units of its kind in the country. Alphabetically arranged, they extend from the AmericanFriends of Greece to Zeta Beta Tau.To classify the organizations by types of interests andpurposes would require at least twenty categories; andeven then one would not be able to provide for a completely accurate classification of such groups as the Sessions (Jazz) Club, the Chinese Students Association, theSociety for General Semantics, the U. of C. Yacht Club,and the Documentary Film Organization.Nor has the University's policy put a damper on thedevelopment of organized social activities among the students. A healthy proportion of the 133 groups are organ ized specifically for social purposes. Virtually all of theother organizations, including those which are focusedupon scholarly interests, frequently sponsor social affairsfor their members or combine social intercourse withtheir other activities.With the rapid increase of student organizations thisyear, Ida Noyes Hall, the largest and best equipped centeifor social affairs, has been deluged with requests for theuse of space. During October a total of 8,877 personsattended planned group affairs in the Hall, and in November this number increased to 9,276.2,500 at C-DancesThe all-campus dances sponsored by the Social Committee have attracted crowds of 1,500 students even for"ordinary" C-Danes. [See Cover.] When a "big nameband" was brought to Ida Noyes Hall for one of theAutumn Quarter dances, more than 2,000 students attended. Walter, the veteran guard at Ida Noyes Hall,claimed that there were at least 2,500 — an estimate whichmade the Social Committee wonder how nearly 500"ringers" got past the ticket takers!G.I. baby sittersThe presence of many hundreds of married G.I.'s hashad its effect upon student activities. The student RedCross unit, for instance, has found a new field of activityin providing a free "baby-sitting" service for married veterans who have children.Men living in Burton- Judson Court, as well as dozensof women students, have volunteered as "baby-sitters."Many wives of veterans have responded more enthusiastically to opportunities for discussing child care and dietetics than to invitations for tea or bridge. The Office ofthe Dean of Students even had to consider going intothe nursery school business, until the Laboratory SchoolLeaving his position asDean of Students andChairman of the Department of Student Life atCity College of NewYork, John L. Bergstresserlast year became an Assistant Dean at Chicagowith specific responsibilities for student activities.He has written the first ofa series of articles on student activities.Bergstresser910 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEcame to the rescue with its "know-how" and half of itsold "temporary" gym, to provide for the needs of therapidly growing infant population of the "pre-fabs" onthe Midway.Arts and crafts studioBecause of increased student interest and participation,the Arts and Crafts Studio, maintained in the basementof Burton- Judson Court but open to all students, has hadto be enlarged and is still not large enough for its purpose. Twice since the beginning of the Autumn Quarterthere have been sizeable increases in the amount of timeprovided for a trained staff member to give instructionand advice to students who wish to do painting, claymodeling, and so on in their leisure time.On several occasions members of the College staff inthe Humanities have demonstrated and talked about artforms to groups of fifty to sixty students who have gathered in the evening in the studio or in one of the Burton-Judson lounges.Although the Studio was originally built and equippedfor leisure-time use only, its facilities are now also utilizedby the College for the purpose of offering a "laboratory"experience to students in the Humanities I course. Aninstructor provided by the College spends three half daysper week in the Studio to help students who want to "do"art in addition to studying the arts.Student Renaissance SocietyThe Student Committee of the Renaissance Society, anenterprising group whose membership suddenly expandedto 224, has recently initiated a series of lecture-demonstrations on the dance. With cooperation and financialhelp from the College and the Dean of Students and withexpert assistance from the senior members of the Renaissance Society, plans were perfected for six presentationsin Mandel Hall. Artists of the calibre of Ruth Page,Leonard Bernstein, Sybil Shearer and Ann Barzel aredonating their talents to these lecture-demonstrationswhich are open to students without charge.Arts and Crafts Studio The first two of the series attracted so many personsthat hundreds of students were turned away for lack ofseating space. For the third performance, tickets havehad to be issued in advance to control the numbers seeking admission. The Student Committee, with cooperationfrom the new Student Union Board (to be describedlater) , also arranged an art exhibit for students whichopened on February 23 in Ida Noyes Hall. An exhibitof student photographic work, sponsored by the revivedCamera Club, will follow later. For the future, the Student Committee of the Renaissance Society has manyother ideas for making cultural and artistic projects interesting and exciting to students.University theatreThe new director of the University Theatre, GeorgeBlair, and a steadily growing number of student participants in dramatic activities are gradually building a newphilosophy and a new kind of theatre program whichhas intriguing potentialities. The direction in which thisprogram is moving is suggested by the fact that RobertCarter, a divisional student in classics, served as the director of Agamemnon which was presented on February21 and 22. This production "happened" because Cartercame forward with an idea of his own and was preparedboth in terms of academic training and dramatic experience to carry it out.Two original plays by University students and a musicalshow with music and book by students are in prospect.Meanwhile, other student directors arc being developed'and still other students are beginning to think and workcreatively in terms of stage design. One student has discussed the possibility, perhaps a year from now, of producing Lysistrata, using his own translation of the originalfor the purpose.Student ForumTo the foregoing illustrations many others could (andshould) be added, if space permited. A word must beadded about Student Forum which, competing in collegedebating on a strictly amateur basis with a divisional student as its director, recently won the debate tournamentof the Rocky Mountain Speech Conference at the University of Denver. The winning Student Forum team wascompeting against 67 other teams from 30 other collegesand universities, most of them coached by faculty members of speech departments.Student Forum is currently sponsoring a scries of livelyforum discussions, debates, and lecture-discussions on thecampus. Some of the residence halls, especially Burton-Judson Court, have also launched into student-facultydiscussion meetings and other projects aimed at a closerintegration of the academic and extra-curriculum pro*grams. This is quite a story in itself, however, and will beleft for fuller discussion by another writer in the Mayissue of the Magazine.THE UNIVERSITY OFInter-Organizational CouncilThe Inter-Organizational Council is made up of representatives from the various student organizations of theUniversity. It provides an open forum for discussion ofcampus-wide student projects and an informal means ofcoordinating some aspects of student affairs.The Council has initiatedv the election of a delegate toan international student conference in Prague, the election of delegates to a national student conference, theestablishment of the Student Association, and the development of a plan for student government. The latterproject is nearing completion, and it is expected thatstudent government will become a reality during theSpring Quarter.The National Student Conference, which was stronglybacked by the Council and which was held at the Uni:versity on December 28-30, attracted more than 700 delegates from 300 institutions.Student Association and publicationsThe Student Association was founded by the Councilas a means of coordinating and improving the financialaffairs of the publications, dramatics, the C-Dances, andso on. It must be admitted that, in this instance, the seedthat was planted has not yet produced a very sturdy plant.Although the Association got off to a good start in theAutumn Quarter, the membership declined drastically inthe Winter Quarter. As a result, the plan to sponsor thepublication of a yearbook has to- be abandoned.On the other hand, Pulse was revived with the help ofthe Association; and some assistance is being given to anew publication, The Observer, a journal devoted to serious, scholarly discussion of political and social issues,which is being managed by students in the Division ofSocial Sciences. Whether the Assocation will expire ortake a new lease on life is a question which student opinion and action will answer.The Student Union BoardThe Student Union Board is a new and flourishingorganization which is helping to expand and integratethe social programs sponsored by Ida Noyes Hall and theReynolds Club. The Board is a "union" of Ida NoyesCouncil and the Reynolds Club Council and is composedof nine women and nine men whose endeavors are aidedby dozens of other students working on committees.Among several successful projects the new Board hasalready sponsored is an informal social affair, held eachSunday evening in the Ida Noyes Cloister Club, whichprovides an inexpensive, pleasant student "hang-out" onthe campus under excellent conditions. This project wasmade possible by the cordial cooperation of the Department of Residence Halls and Commons which has chargeof the food service in the Cloister Club. The "hang-out"has been officially named the Noyes Box and has beenespecially appreciated and well patronized by residentsof the dormitories and the neighborhood rooming houses. CHICAGO MAGAZINE 11Ibsen's "Ghosts" in Reynolds Club TheatreReligious groupsIt is worth noting that cooperation among most of thesixteen religious groups, which has long existed here, appears to have grown even stronger recently. Activities ofthe Protestant groups are being effectively coordinatedby the Interchurch Council. Splendid cooperation amongrepresentatives of all of the major faiths has been attainedthrough informal meetings of the directors of the religiousgroups which are sponsored by Dean Charles W. Gilkey.Other illustrations of a trend toward integration of student affairs could be cited, but these must suffice to carrythe point here.Political experienceReference has already been made to the embryonicstudent government which is expected to become anarticulate infant in the near future. The active and effective participation of University delegates and observersat the national student conference held in Mandel Halland the Reynolds Club is also symtomatic, especially inview of the fact that the national headquarters of theContinuations Committee established by the Conferencehas been set up at the University. The vice-president ofthe Continuations Committee, which is planning a constitutional assembly next summer for the creation of anational student organization, is Russell Austin, a University of Chicago student.Other evidences of growing student awareness andconcern about government and politics can be seen inthe recent formation of a plethora of political clubs. Thegroups with large numbers of members range from leftof center to right of center.The Political Union, an organization made up of representatives of numerous "political parties", provides anopen forum for the expression of various shades of political opinion. At the last election, there was even a representative elected from an unorganized group which, nodoubt with tongue in cheek, called itself the conservative-reactionary party.Student interest in municipal, state, and national government and politics has been indicated in energeticcampaigns on behalf of many candidates for public offices(Concluded on Page 23)GRAND JURY ON FREE SPEECHNow thai the reports from the Commission on Freedomof the Press are making national news we suddenly realizedwe had not given our readers a background of this commission other than a brief paragraph in March, 1944,titled "Hutchins Heads Press Inquiry." In addition toMr. Hutchins, other University men nave served on thiscommission and our Press is publishing the series of reports and books which have grown out of their findings.As we sat down at our typewriter to tell you the storyof this Commission our attention was called to an articleon the subject called "Grand Jury on Free Speech," byRichard Dyer MacCann, published November 16, 1946,by THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR. Here thefacts of origin and purpose were told so well we securedpermission to reprint it.The article does not bring the story up to date, ofcourse. To do this we asked Miss Dorothy Waggoner ofthe University Press advertising department to write anepilog.The Editor.THE meeting of the board of directors of the Encyclopaedia Britannica had dragged on for quite awhile. Now there was a momentary lull. Thethoughts of Henry Luce, problem-conscious tycoon of theTime-Life-Fortune publishing empire, were far away.He scribbled a note and passed it to Robert Hutchins.If the note and its reply have not been preserved forposterity, they might well have been. It is no discredit tothe Encylopaedia Britannica that this meeting, like mostboard meetings, was temporarily tedious. Proceedings hadlagged just long enough for an idea to be born.Henry Luce had long been seriously concerned aboutthe future of free speech in America. A leading Americannews-gatherer and publisher himself, he knew an investigation by his own staff would only make outsiders smile.Why not, then, an independent survey of the whole problem of mass information, done by an outstanding groupof impartial thinkers?His note to Robert Hutchins asked just how muchthat survey would cost.The Chancellor of the University of Chicago cogitated.He determined on a figure — $60,000 a year until finished— and sent the note back to Henry Luce.The meeting, presumably, was adjourned in due course.In due course also there appeared an announcement inthe public press that the public press was about to be investigated. Not by the Government or by Henry Luce oreven by the University of Chicago. Thirteen eminentgentlemen, chosen by Robert Hutchins, were to meetregularly for two and a half years and eventually issue, areport. They were to owe allegiance to no man and pullno punches. They were free to find out about freedomof speech.They were to take as their field, not just the press, butthe mass-communications industries as a whole — chiefly (Reprinted from The Christian Science Monitor]press, radio, and movies. The emphasis was to be placedon "how public affairs are dealt with." Entertainmentwhether fiction or soap-opera, was not their interest. Theproblems of censorship, ownership, and readership wereto be considered in the light of the public service — or thepublic injury — achieved.The existence of the Commission on Freedom of thePress was announced in March, 1944. After more thantwo years of research, interviewing and discussion, thecommission is about to bring out its general report. Itwill bring its activities to a close in December of this year.No outsider knows what the findings will be — least ofall Henry Luce himself. Since an early meeting, whenLuce talked to them about his own fears and doubts —his reasons for calling such a group together — they havenot seen him. Both Luce and the Luce publications havestayed aloof from all contact. Fortune Magazine, whenasked, wouldn't even draw graphs for one of their reports.The general report, when it appears, may present conclusions much at variance with Henry Luce's expectations.It might even point to tycoons like Luce himself as dangers to a free press. Kenneth Stewart, in a review of thefirst commission book, Peoples Speaking to Peoples (Saturday Review of Literature, April 27, 1946) said that hehad asked Mr. Luce about this possibility. "If that'swhat they find," was the reply, "that's what they find."The men Mr. Hutchins chose are the key to the styleand approach of this extraordinary court of inquiry.Vice-Chairman is Zechariah Chafee, Jr., Professor of Lawat Harvard University and author of Free Speech inAmerica, the classic work in the field of controls on thepress.Two other Harvard men are on the commission — William E. Hocking, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, andArthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., Professor of History. TheUniversity of Chicago is represented by Charles E. Merriam, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, and RobertRedfield, Dean of the Division of the Social Sciences.From the New York area are John M. Clark, ColumbiaUniversity Professor of Economics; Reinhold Niebuhr,Professor of Ethics and Philosophy of Religion, UnionTheological Seminary; Beardsley Ruml, [PhD '17],Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York;George N. Shuster, President of Hunter College; JohnDickinson, General Counsel for the Pennsylvania Railroad; Archibald MacLeish, poet and former Librarianof Congress; and Henry Lasswell ['13, PhD '26] now ofthe Yale University Law School.There have also been four foreign advisers: JohnGrierson, former General Manager of Canada's WartimeInformation Board; Dr. Hu Shih, former Chinese Ambassador to the United States ; Jacques Maritain, nowFrench Ambassador to the Vatican; and Kurt Riezler,12THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 13Professor of Philosophy in the New School for SocialResearch.Director of the staff of the commission is Dr. Robert D.Leigh, who has had an important hand in planning theagenda and drafting working statements for discussionand the report. A political scientist of national reputation, for 14 years President of Bennington College in Vermont, Leigh was director of the United States ForeignBroadcast Intelligence Service during the greater part ofthe war.None of these men, of course, are working members ofthe press. It was not intended that they should be. Acting as a commission of inquiry, they were not expected tohave connections, interests, or preferences on the subject.They were to be interested in policy, not techniques.But their method of operation has been to call in practicing journalists and put them on the witness stand.They have held "hearings" in various parts of the country, in full meeting and in subcommittee. In New York'sWaldorf-Astoria or Chicago's Shoreland they held 17full-dress meetings of about two and a half days each.There was 100 per cent attendance more often than not,and never a problem of a quorum. Beardsley Ruml declared he had seldom seen an organization which met soconsistently and so cheerfully.They had quizzed such widely varied .personalities asMorris Ernst, author of The First Freedom, and Col.Robert McCormick of the Chicago Tribune; Will Hays,erstwhile censor of the movie industry, and Frank Walker,erstwhile Postmaster General; Frank Stanton, Presidentof the Columbia Broadcasting System, and James Fly,former Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission. They have questioned Elmer Davis and the Harvard Nieman Fellows and a variety of other people,reaching a total of 150.After each interview, or perhaps after a related seriesof them, someone was delegated to draw up a summarystatement. This statement — whether it was about government censorship policy or the proper place of radio commentators or the dangers 61 press association monopolies—would then be sent around to everybody for study andcomment.There was plenty of comment. It took the somewhatstaggering form of 130 or more individual memorandaranging from 2 to 250 pages in length. That the "senseof the meeting" could have been extracted from thesevoluminous contributions is a testimony to the skill ofDr. Leigh and the tact of Dr. Hutchins. The generalreport is supposed to compass no more than 90 pages.The quiet, matter-of-fact prose of Economist JohnClark, the flexed locutions of Theologian Niebuhr, thewidely differing attitudes of Poet MacLeish and LawyerDickinson — such contrasts must have guaranteed freefield and no favor for all kinds of ideas. Neither PublicOpinion Expert Lasswell nor Historian Schlesinger isnoted for his timidity of expression. The report is awaitedwith great interest in many quarters.There have been important by-products of the discus sion. First of a series of six books on related subjects wasPeoples Speaking to Peoples, a report on internationalmass communications written by Dr. Leigh and LlewellynWhite. Planned for publication next spring are Government and Mass Communication by Professor Chaffee andFreedom of the Press: A Framework of Principle for theTwentieth Century by Professor Hocking. It is privatelypredicted by other members of the commission that theChafee book will be a landmark, and that Hocking'sphilosophical summation will be quoted for many yearsto come. Later publications will critically review TheAmerican Radio, Freedom for the Movies and The American Press and the San Francisco Conference.Whatever the outcome of the considered reflections ofthese 13 men, the significance of what they have done willnot be lost on American publicists or on the Americanpublic. It is a noteworthy symptom of our age and ourworld that leading thinkers gravely doubt the freedom ofcommunication in modern society. But it is surely noteworthy, too, that these thinkers have met together freelyin America to hear testimony, and that, before the endof the year, their verdict will be freely published andfreely heard.DOWN TO DATEBy Dorothy WaggonerIf the reaction to the Commission on Freedom of thePress reports which have already appeared is any indication, the American press will be especially vocal about itsrights and responsibilities this spring.On March 27, the Commission's general report A Freeand Responsible Press was published by the University ofChicago Press. Advance orders from editors, publishers,movie and radio officials, and the general public for thisunanimous statement by the Commission of its findingsand recommendations came in so rapidly that a largesecond printing of the book was ordered a month beforepublication.On April 14, Llewellyn White's special study on thegrowth and status of the radio industry, The AmericanRadio, wi\\ appear, and later in the spring Freedom ofthe Press: A Framework of Principle, by William ErnestHocking, and Government and Mass Communications byZechariah Chafee, Jr., will be released to the mass communications industry and to the American public. Thefinal special study, The American Press and the San Francisco Conference, by Milton D. Stewart, an examinationof the press in an actual test situation, is also scheduledfor early publication.When Peoples Speaking to Peoples, by Llewellyn Whiteand Robert D. Leigh was published last spring, commentsranged all the way from "this is a new set of handcuffsfor the press" and "federalization of all things as a stepto dictatorship" to "these recommendations would openthe way for the control of worldwide communications bythe same aggressive private operators who have alreadyachieved control in so many other international fields."{Concluded on Page 23)BOOKS BY ALUMNSELECTED LETTERS OF WILLIAM ALLEN WHITE, 1899-1943. Edited with an introduction by Walter Johnson,AM '38, PhD '41. New York: Henry Holt and Company.William Allen White, more than any other man ofhis generation, spoke for the great middle class. He wasnever much ahead of this group of Americans and nevermuch behind them. When he spoke, they listened. Whenhe took his stand on issues they usually applauded; evenwhen they did not agree, they respected his attitude because they knew he was sincere and honest. He was justregular enough on politics, religion and social reform toretain their confidence. He was just irregular enough togive the impression of being in step with what Americanscall "progress."Walter Johnson, AM'38, PhD '41, earned hisbachelor's degree fromDartmouth in 1937 beforecoming to Chicago forgraduate work. He hasbeen a member of thehistory faculty since 1940and in 1943 was awardeda thousand dollar prizefor excellence in teaching.Walter JohnsonIn presenting the Selected Letters of William AllenWhite, Walter Johnson, of the University's Departmentof History, has provided a fascinating store-house of materials from which to understand both White and theaverage American. They give a far better picture of theEmporia editor than did his own autobiography. Theyreveal his mind at work, explain his position on issuesand his reasons for decisions. No where else can onegain an understanding of how White could be at oddswith his party most of the time, and yet always, with oneexception, voting the straight and regular ticket. Nowhere else can one so well see the evolution of White andhis people from isolationism to an international state ofmind. Perhaps, one can really understand how Whitecould admire both Alf Landon and Theodore Roosevelt,Cal Coolidge and Woodrow Wilson.From these letters no new White emerges — and whowould want one? — but a clearer, sharper picture of theman and the American tradition, which he so well represents, does appear. There is something deeply searchingabout a Kansas editor telling Theodore Roosevelt that:"We need a new interpretation of Christ;" writing Sinclair Lewis that if he were a millionaire he would "bribethe legislature of Kansas to make Main Street compulsory reading in the public schools;" bluntly informing Harm],ton Fish "Where you and I part company is on this redbaiting business. You are walking straight into Fascism."Walter Johnson has done a fine job of selecting andediting. He has a real nose for what is important and hisintroduction to these letters is one of the finest interpretations of White that has^yet been offered.Avery Craven, PhD '24Professor of American HistoryPEARL HARBOR. By George Morgenstern, '29. NewYork: The Devin-Adair Company, 1947. $3.00.In the years immediately after the catastrophe of PearlHarbor, public opinion at large seemed to be satisfied withthe official explanation that the two commanders at thespot, Admiral Kimmel and General Short, had beenderelict in their duties by disregarding the official warnings they had received. The Congressional investigation oflast year has shown that this was too simple an explana-ton. It has shown that there were errors of judgment, ifnot levity of mind, not only at Pearl Harbor but also atWashington. While the majority report of the Congressional Committee continues to put the major blame onthe two commanders at the spot, the minority reportshifts the large responsibility for the catastrophe to thetop officials in Washington.Mr. Morgenstern, an editorial writer for the ChicagoTribune, goes considerably farther than even the minorityreport. On the foundation of all available records, especially the testimony before the Congressional Committee,he builds a thesis which not only convicts President Roosevelt and his advisors of dereliction of duty, but of adeliberate scheme for the purpose of provoking the Japanese to attack Pearl Harbor and thus involving theUnited States in the war against the axis.George Morgenstern,'29, an editorial writer forthe Chicago Tribune, wasactive in student affairswhile on the Midway, wasco-author of the 1928Blackfriar show, a member of O & S, and a Uni-versity Marshall. Hisbrother, William, is Director of Public Relations atthe University and authorof "One Man's Opinion"in the MAGAZINE.14THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 15According to that thesis, the administration of President Roosevelt wanted to get the United States into thewar without taking upon itself the onus of declaring it.Thus, Japan, exposed to American provocation and finallyconfronted with an American ultimatum, could do noother but attack Pearl Harbor. The administration, knowing that the attack was imminent, deliberately withheldthis information from the commanders in the field inorder to be sure that the attack on Pearl Harbor wouldsucceed.If this thesis were true, President Roosevelt and hisadvisors would deserve to go down in history in the company of the greatest evil-doers of all times.The persuasiveness of Mr. Morgenstern's thesis rests,however, upon three unproven assumptions. First, onehas to assume that the conquest of Southeast Asia byJapan and of Europe by Germany was of no concern tothe United States and that there was, therefore, no rational justification in the light of national interest, in trying even at the risk of war, to stop the Axis powers shortof their ultimate goal, the partition of the world amongthemselves.Second, one must assume that no such conception ofthe national interest was even present in the minds ofthe leaders of the administration, but that they were motivated by lust for personal power, subservience to foreigninterests, and the failure of their domestic policies.Thirdly, even if one accepts the foregoing assumptions,one still must assume that the administration was notsatisfied with the provocation of an overt act on the partof Japan, but wanted nothing short of the destruction ofthe Pacific fleet and the loss of 2,326 lives. In other words,the dropping of one single Japanese bomb in the territorial waters of Hawaii would have been sufficient tobring the United States into the war. Why should anadministration, allegedly bent upon bringing this resultabout, deliberately endanger the safety of the UnitedStates, open the American West Coast to enemy attack,and thus jeopardize its own ability of waging a successfulment is carried to its final climax with burning conviction.war?The book is well written and documented. The argu-Hans J. MorgenthauAssociate Professor of Political ScienceINDIANS BEFORE COLUMBUS: Twenty Thousand Yearsof North American History Revealed by Archeology. ByPaul S. Martin, '23, PhD '29; George I. Quimby, '39; andDonald Collier, '39. Chicago: The University of ChicagoPress, 1947. $6.00.Here is one of the first products of the new workingrelationship between the Chicago Natural History Museum and the University of Chicago. Three anthropologistsfrom the Museum have laid aside temporarily theirarcheological tools and have come up with a first rate account of the prehistory of North America aimed rightat the interested layman. Alumni from Nome to CoralGables can find the answers here as to what kind ofIndians camped in their back yards during the last severalthousand years, and what kind of lives they lived.The story begins, as the subtitle suggests, some twentythousand years ago, when the first migrants to the NewWorld crossed Bering Straits. A great many things canhappen in that length of time, and the archeologists havelong been gathering the evidence necessary to piece together the major events. The complexities of culturaldevelopment in the Pueblo Southwest, in Eastern NorthAmerica, the Pacific Slope, and the Far North are presented in a systematic outline which allows the reader tomake his own comparisons, if he wishes, and to test theauthors' interpretations.Paul S. Martin, "23,PhD '29 is Chief Curator,Department of Anthropology at the Chicago Natural History Museum andResearch Associate in Anthropology at the University.Paul S. MartinChapters on how the archeologist works, and on thevarious arts and industries practiced by the Indians furnish a "professional" knowledge which makes the detailedpresentation easy to follow. The "Conclusions," partlyin the form of chronological charts, illustrate howseparate and isolated studies in different areas are puttogether, ultimately, to furnish a detailed outline of cultural history and development.The authors have had part or all of their graduatetraining in the University's Department of Anthropology,and have each carried out extensive archeological investigations in one or more of the major areas into whichthey have divided their book. Both the Museum and theUniversity are to be congratulated for their respectiveshares in this significant work.Fred Eggan, '27, AM '28, PhD '33Associate Professor of AnthropologyTo be reviewed in the May issue: The Scientific Manvs. Power Politics by Hans J. Morgenthau, AssociateProfessor of Political Science. Published by the Universityof Chicago Press, 1947. $3.00.ONE MAN'S OPINIONPoliticsThe welcome which the University community givesto a rousing fight as a relief from the tedium of a Chicago winter recently has been remarked upon here. Inthe absence of a good intramural issue this winter, thecommunity found itself a substitute in the rough andtumble of practical politics. And did it have fun!In the aldermanic campaign of the Fifth Ward, whichincludes the University, there were two candidates, Bertram G. Moss, the incumbent, a former student, andRobert Merriam, an alumnus, son of the distinguishedprofessor emeritus of political science, Charles E. Thesenior Merriam once served three terms as alderman ofthe ward and almost achieved the incredible feat of beating "Big Bill" Thompson on a write-in campaign formayor in 1911.Mr. Moss ran on his record, and had the support of aconsiderable section of the University. Mr. Merriam, awar veteran, and a housing administrator, ran as an independent, attacking the aldermanic record of Mr. Moss.He likewise had strong support from University people.This is, of course, a generalized and antiseptically phrasedstatement of the issues, for there is no need to have thefight renewed next month in the letters column.This was not the first time the University communityhas been involved in a campaign, nor that Universitypeople have been candidates. In the not distant past,James Weber Linn was elected a state representative andT. V. Smith was elected first a state senator and thencongressman-at-large for Illinois. Paul Douglas resignedas alderman of the Fifth Ward to join the Marines, andhis wife, Emily Taft Douglas, was elected in his absenceto a term as Congressman-at-large. An alumnus of theUniversity and the Law School, George D. Mills, is nowin his second term as state senator from the district.There was interest in all these campaigns, but somehowthey never reached the fervent pitch of the recent election.Not in the memory of the oldest inhabitant has therebeen such a blizzard of literature, of statements by committees, of telephone calls, and rumor and counter-rumor.There were many families in which husbands and wivesworked opposite sides of the fence. One member of theUniversity got so involved that the voters were confrontedfor a while with his endorsement of both candidates. Andone way or another, alumni who are local residents, especially those of the Law School, were in the thick ofthe fight. The campaign finally worked up to such astage of intensity and eloquence that it wasn't certainwhether a job in the City Council or the presidency ofthe United States was at stake. When the votes were • By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN "20, JD '22counted Mr. Merriam seemingly was elected with a considerable majority.The newspapers tend to picture the Fifth as a "University" ward, but the ivory tower is actually only oneof three well-defined blocs in the political subdivision.The press also is inclined to take the usual patronizingview of the political activities of the professors, as individuals who mean well but don't quite know what therealities are. It is true that both the Republican andDemocratic ward organizations were in this one toothand nail, although aldermanic campaigns are labelled"nonpartisan" and both candidates were vehement intheir assertions of independence. All things considered,this is a useful sort of arrangement, for anything thatisn't quite cricket can be blamed on "the organization."But anyone who thinks that the University voters andpart-time politicians are simple souls just doesn't knowthe facts. In the first place, the Independent Voters ofIllinois, which many University people helped to organize,and to which they cling, controls enough votes to havereal influence. The IVI knows that high moral issuesare not enough, unless they are supported by ringing ofdoor bells, house by house and block by block. Even thosepartisans who do not adhere to the IVI know enoughpolitical science to practice this technique.Faculty wives, backbone of the Hyde Park League ofWomen Voters, which is the strongest unit in the state,were better than their husbands at this and they had apractical advantage when it came to getting out thevoters that Tuesday afternoon. As women, they couldmind the baby, or light the gas under the soup, while the^housewife scurried to the polling place. The paid party-workers, usually males, could only stand around helplessly while the amateurs delivered the vote.What is called the "University district" is not, ofcourse, populated entirely by members of the University,either academic or staff. It is a curious area, in which aconsiderable number of people, with larger than academicmeans, prefer to live because of the attraction of eventson the quadrangles. It also has a much larger proportionof residents of relatively low income. In this disparate grouping, there is an element of the traditional"town and gown" hostility, and so University approval isnot of certain value with the voters. In this campaign,however, because the University split was roughly even,that factor was not important.There is at this writing an effort by the Republicanorganization to get this and some other aldermanic elections re-run in April on the basis of a technical question.Repetition will be rough on the University campaigners,who are still soaking their feet and just reaching the pointwhere they can get a good night's sleep.16F BRITAIN FAILSJ FRED RIPPY, Professor of American History,has become an authority on Latin America through• interests that began when he was a sophomore atSouthwestern University (Texas) in 1911. When thegovernment ordered the militia to the Mexican border,young Fred went along as an observer.The more he studied the Mexican situation the morehe became convinced that the insurgent leaders whoreiterated the slogans of "Mexico for the Mexicans" and"Land for the Landless" were advocating policies whichwould benefit the Mexicans.Joining the Midway history staff in 1920, Dr. Rippycontinued his Mexican studies, publishing in 1926, TheUnited States and Mexico (now in its third edition) and,the following year, collaborated in writing another volume, American Foreign Policies: Mexico.J. Fred Rippy has hisA.B. from SouthwesternUniversity (Texas); hisA.M. from Vanderbilt; hisPh.D. from California. Hehas been on the Chicagohistory faculty since 1920except the years from1926 to 1936 when hewas a professor of historyat Duke University, wherehe was editor and one ofthe founders of the DukeUniversity Press.J. Fred RippyIt will mean a major crisis for the British Isles, a declineof living standards, birthrate and, finally, compulsory emigration.Dr. Rippy is now listing all the British economic enterprises which have operated in Latin America since the1820's, to study the trends. Already the data collectedseems to indicate that the British soon will have onlyminority investments in economic organizations operatingin Latin America. Eventually, they will be practicallyeliminated from this region.He thinks studies in other fields of British foreign investments will disclose similar trends. If so, the prosperityand power of Britain will decline rapidly unless the decline should be interrupted by some tremendous new technology that will enable more than forty million Britishersto approach self-sufficiency on their small islands. This rapid decline of Britain, if it should occur, willresult in a very significant change in power politics. Itwill mean that Britain may no longer be able to preservethe balance in Europe and Asia by throwing her weighton one or the other side.It will mean that this bulwark of the Western Hemisphere's security must disappear; that the United Statesmay soon confront a Europe, united by a single dominantand controlling power, unless a new balance can bearranged with Europe itself.He pointed out that Mexico was permitted by theGreat Powers to do what no other retarded nation hasbeen allowed to do in modern times. Mexico was permitted to control the activities and profits of foreign enterprises within her borders and to expropriate some of them.The policy of the United States, vacillating at times, wason the whole one of self restraint and was a decisive factorin this unique episode.The situation in Mexico in respect to foreign ownershipof public services and material resources was not verydifferent from the situation in many of the other LatinAmerican republics. Turning to a study of these countries,Dt. Rippy concluded that one of their major problemswas supplying the outside world with food and raw materials for industry in return for capital and technicalskills, always without jeopardizing the sovereignty of theseLatin American nations.With the crisis in Europe and Asia, Dr. Rippy becameinterested in other phases of foreign relations. He concluded that our statesmen were not sufficiently aware ofthe importance of Europe's delicate power balance as abulwark of the Western Hemisphere's security.Convinced that for the immediate future one of themost important problems in international relations will beinternational trade and investment, Dr. Rippy is nowexamining the broad trends in that field.Beginning with Latin America, he has discovered adecided tendency toward economic nationalism, the development of native technology, the reduction of dependenceon foreign manufacturers for consumer goods, and theeventual elimination of foreign capital or to its confinement to minority holdings.If this should turn out to be the trend in all the undeveloped regions of the earth it will signify a majorchange in the situation which prevailed during the wholeof the nineteenth century and a part of the twentieth.OF ALL THINGSTickets, admitting students to their classes, are now required. It seems that manystudents not only attended their own sections but visited others to get various facultyviewpoints. The rub came when the more provocative faculty discussion leaders foundtheir classrooms so crowded with "visitors" the students registered for those sectionscouldn't get in. This news will be very confusing to students of former generationswhen the University permitted three cuts and then — boom!17STUDENTS AND ACTIVITIES• WILLIAM C. MONTGOMERY, '47Student DramaticsTHE University of Chicago is embarked on its ownLittle Theatre movement, and as a result the campus will see the first performances of two new playsin the next two months. Both of the plays will be written,casted and directed by students.This new policy of producing promising student showsis part of a plan devised by George Blair, Director ofDramatics, who came to the Midway in June, 1946, fromhis post as head of the drama department at the University of Georgia. As Blair sees it, the program will eventually expand to include outside talent, but at the momenthe is concentrating on developing student directors,To help him with his new program at the University,Blair brought along George Lown, theatre designer andassistant professor of drama at Georgia, and CarolineRose, his assistant director there. Blair spent three yearsdirecting dramatic activities at Georgia, Miss Rose washis assistant for two of those years, and Lown was on thestaff there for a year before the three of them came tothe University of Chicago.The effort to develop directing talent has producedthree student directors so far. They handled two of thefour plays presented by the University Theatre this year.Acting ability got forty-one students parts in the fourshows, and attendance reached 2500 for the first threeofferings.Campus interest in the venture is running high, as witnessed by the large number of applicants on try-out days.All students are eligible for parts because the UniversityTheatre is not an acting company. Casting is done atlarge and parts are offered through campus-wide advertising, as a result of Blair's insistence that "We are striving to build a University dramatic group in which alltypes of theatre are presented for the University at large.The production goal is- student leadership with activestaff support."As for writing and directing talent, Blair has approvedtwo new plays. "Roots of Lilac," a psychological murderdrama by Lois Shepherd, will be produced the first weekin April in the Reynolds Club Theater, and will be directed by Caroline Rose and Chris Rohlfing. Lois is astudent in the History department of the Social SciencesDivision, and a former WAVE. She expects to get herdegree under the old four-year plan. She was in the castsof "Set it in Troy" and the "The Little Foxes." ChrisRohlfing entered the Humanities Division last Fall andhas been active in the dramatic group all year.The second play, to be presented the first three days inMay, is "Ungallant Gesture," co-authored by Universitystudent Jim Sheers and Patricia Colbert, Cornell graduateand daughter of Charles F. Colbert, president of Pittsburgh Metallurgical Corporation. ''Ungallant Gesture" is a comedy with "no significanceand not one serious word to say to anybody," Sheers says.It was written in one month last summer in New York,and has been read by Theatre, Inc., and several otherproducers. Sheers says none of them were interested indigging up the thirty-five thousand dollars to put it on,"but they thought it was good."Co-author Colbert, to whom Sheers attributes most ofthe best lines in the play, has had one play produced:"Syllabub". It was performed by the Footlighters Workshop in Charleston, W. Va.Sheers will direct "Ungallant Gesture," and is hopingMiss Colbert will show up to play the lead. He will begin- try-outs for the rest of the cast around the first of March.Student authorAnother writing venture by a G.I. student at theUniversity has met with even more success. Les Waller,editor of the campus magazine Pulse, will have his secondnovel published by Viking Press this month.Les came to the University in 1942 after two years atWilson Junior College. He worked on the staff of thepre-war Pulse and claims to have writen one sports storyfor the Maroon. He was also a police reporter for theCity News Bureau, a news service operated by the metropolitan papers in Chicago.Waller entered the Army in January, 1943, and workedin the public relations section of the Air Corps in suchforeign parts as North Carolina and South Dakota.While in the Army, Waller wrote his first novel, ThreeDay Pass. His only comment about his first effort, an experimental stream-of-consciousness novel, is that it gotpoor notices in the Maroon. It was published by VikingPress in October, 1945.He began his second novel during his last few monthsin the Army and finished it after he was discharged inFebruary, 1946. Entitled Show Me the Way, it is astraight narrative about a soldier "who learned somethingin the Army." Contrary to the opinions of most modernfictional heroes, he finds that his four years of servicewere not totally wasted at all. He learns much abouthimself and about the problems of the world around him.The novel closes with the hero returning to school full ofa new-found ambition and a conviction about the meaning he wishes his own life to have.Waller, a native Chicagoan, returned to the University of Chicago last Fall, and is now in the English Department working for his Master's degree. Upon hisreturn he helped to revive Pulse, a war-time casualty, andis now editor of the magazine. He is writing his thirdnovel, as yet unnamed, about a couple married during thewar who drive to Los Angeles for a post-war honeymoon.18NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLESBy JEANNETTE LOWREYDean WardWard succeeds FaustFREDERICK CHAMPION WARD, AssociateDean of the College, has been chosen to succeed asDean, Clarence H. Faust, who resigned last autumnto become Dean of the Graduate Library School of theUniversity.Appointed an Assistant Professor of Philosophy in the College,October, 1945, Mr.Ward has been an Associate Dean of the Collegesince March, 1946. Hehas been in charge ofcurriculum developmentin the Humanities, English, and foreign languages, particularly therelationships and adjustments of these courses.He also has been incharge of selection ofnew faculty members in these areas.At Denison University, Granville, Ohio, where hetaught from 1938 to 1945, Mr. Ward was chairman of aspecial faculty committee to plan a core of general studies,and also served as one of the coordinators for the V-12program of that school.Thirty-six years old, Dean Ward received his bachelor'sdegree in 1932 and his master's in 1935, from OberlinCollege, where his father, Clarence Ward, is Professorand Chairman of the Department of Fine Arts.He took the Ph.D degree at Yale in 1937, working inPhilosophy under F. S. C. Northrop, his thesis being onAlfred North Whitehead's philosophy. He was a SterlingFellow at Yale, 1937-38, before his appointment to Denison, where he taught Philosophy and Psychology.War Department honors threeThree more citations for outstanding war service werepresented to University of Chicago officials by the UnitedStates War Department.The Certificates of Appreciation, the highest honor theWar Department bestows on civilians assisting in the wareffort outside military operations, were presented toChancellor Robert M. Hutchins, Vice-president WilburC. Munnecke, and Dr. Paul C. Hodges, Professor ofRoentgenology. The presentation was made by Lt. Gen.Walton H. Walker, Commanding General of the FifthArmy.Chancellor Hutchins received the citation for outstanding service as a member of the Civilian Advisory Council of the Sixth Service Command on matters pertaining to education, and Vice-president Munnecke, forhis work in the establishment and operation of the ArmySpecialized Training Program.Dr. Hodges was cited for establishing an X-Ray department and installing the first photo-timer in use by thearmy, thus enabling the U. S. Armed Forces InductionStation in Chicago to perform its principal duty withmuch greater expediency.Phototimers are electronic devices for the automatictiming of the exposures in the making of X-ray films.They were developed in the X-ray department of theUniversity as a joint wartime project of Dr. Russell H.Morgan and Dr. Hodges. Dr. Morgan recently left theUniversity to assume the chairmanship of the Department of Radiology at Johns Hopkins University.Photofluorography or microfilming has been used extensively by the Army, Navy and Public Health Servicefor mass X-ray examination of the chest, and many hundreds of thousands of such examinations were done withthe assistance of phototimers supplied by the University.Commercial phototimers for such work have now beenproduced and are widely used.In general radiography, commercial phototimers arenot yet available, but three units supplied by the University were used during the war at the Army's VaughanGeneral Hospital, Hines, Illinois, and Percy Jones Hospital, Battle Creek, Michigan, and in the Navy's MedicalCenter at Bethesda, Maryland. Five such units are indaily use at the University of Chicago Clinics.Lt. Sen. Walton H. Walker, Commanding General ofthe Fifth Army, presents certificates of appreciation to(left to right) Dr. Paul C. Hodges, Vice-president WilburC. Munnecke, and Chancellor Robert M. Hutchins.19THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWalter H. Zinn, Director of the Argonne National Laboratory and Associate Professor of Physics, and FarringtonDaniels, Chairman of the Board of Governors, look overplans for the permanent location of the laboratory.Argonne site selectedA permanent home for the Argonne National Laboratory, successor to the wartime Metallurgical Laboratoryon the University campus, has been selected in Du Pagecounty.The site, some twenty-six miles southwest of the centerof Chicago, will eventually include 3,645 acres. Its location is bounded on the north by U. S. route 66, on theeast by state route 83, on the west by Lemont road, andon the south by the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe.The facilities of the laboratory, operated by the University under contract with the Atomic Energy Commission and with the cooperation of 25 other Midwest universities, are now housed on the Midway, in the Museumof Science and Industry, and in Palos Park."The acquisition of a permanent site for new facilities— 12 major buildings — will insure the Atomic EnergyCommission and the people of the United States a strongcenter in the Midwest for continued development ofatomic energy," Walter H. Zinn, director of the laboratory and Associate Professor of Physics at the University,stated. "The laboratory has been established to engage inresearch and development in all phases of atomic energy,including fundamental research in the sciences of physics,chemistry, biology, medicine, and engineering, the development of industrial power, and research on the military uses."College weddings endureMarriages may be made in heaven, but they are beingkept in college.In contrast to the national trend toward the divorcemill at a predicted rate of one out of every three couples,only one marriage in every 54 among the married veteransat the University has ended in divorce.Of the 1401 married students who are attending schoolon the G.I. Bill, only 26, or less than two percent, aredivorced. These figures were reported by Robert C. Woellner, Assistant Dean of Students in Charge of Veterans, who has just concluded a statistical study of theUniversity's veterans.Of the 4107 veterans on the quadrangles, 2706 aresingle, 1373 married, 26 divorced, and two separated.The average age of the veteran at the University is 25but ages run the gamut from 18 through 54.Number of children among the married veterans variesfrom one to four. Families with one child number 295with two, 82, with three, 14. Only one veteran, age 25,has four children.The veterans represent every state in the nation, theDistrict of Columbia, Canada, and the territory of Hawaii. Illinois, with 1,648 students from Chicago and 425from other sections of the state, leads with 2,073 students.Other highly represented states are New York, with 237;Ohio, 168; Indiana, 149; Michigan, 129; Wisconsin, 112;Pennsylvania, 111; and California, 101.One fourth of the veterans attending the University arestudying in the undergraduate division, the College.Four thousand eight hundred and six veterans in allare registered on the Midway and at Downtown College.Of the total, 4,632 are studying under public law 346; 174under public law 16.In the graduate division, the field of Social Science isthe preference of 999 veterans. Other high enrollmentsare: Physical Sciences, 477; Humanities, 453; and Schoolof Business, 383. Other enrollment figures include: Biological Sciences, 259; Divinity School, 53; Law School,264; Graduate Library School, 31; Medical School, 88;Social Service Administration, 85.The customer is always rightA grant of $8,000 to the University for fundamentalstudies in the general field of consumer preference measurements has been made by Swift and Company.The purpose of the research is to develop methods formeasuring preferences held by individuals for psychological objects such as taste, texture, appearance, andutility of commodities, and attitude and opinion as theyrelate to products and services. Emphasis will be givento the comparison of measurement procedures alreadyin use as well as to the development of new techniquesto meet a wider variety of situations. Preliminary workin predicting the distribution of choice when the availablealternatives are limited by custom, cost, time, or otherfactors will also be included in the study.Louis L. Thurstone, Charles F. Grey DistinguishedService Professor Psychology, and George H. Brown,Associate Professor of Marketing, will direct the researchactivities. R. Wray Coffman, of Swift and Company'sCommercial Research Department, will serve in an advisory capacity.The studies will be conducted over a period of twoyears, but sufficient progress is expected to warrant thepublication of part of the investigation within a year.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 21Allen T. HazenHazen to head librariesAllen T. Hazen, who has been serving as Acting Director of the Library since October 1, 1946, has been appointed Director.Mr. Hazen came tothe Midway in 1945 asAssociate Professor ofEnglish and Bibliographer in the Humanitiesin the University Library.Previously he had beenan instructor in Englishat Yale from 1935 to1940, a research assistantin bibliography in theYale library from 1940to 1942, and an instructorin English at Hunter College in New York Cityfrom 1942 to 1945. Healso taught three years in the American School at Tarsus,Turkey, and one year at the Romford School in Washington, Connecticut.A native of Portland, Connecticut, Mr. Hazen receivedhis bachelor's degree from Yale University in 1927, witha High Oration appointment. He was awarded the A.M.degree from Harvard and the doctor of philosophy degree from Yale, where he was a Selden Fellow in Englishin 1933 and 1934.Mr. Hazen is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, the Bibliographical Society (London), The Bibliographical Societyof America, and the Modern Language Association. Heis the author of Johnson's Prefaces and Dedications, 1937;Bibliography of the Strawberry Hill Press, .1942; collaborator with R. W. Chapman of Oxford in Supplement tothe Bibliography of Johnson; and author of variousarticles on 18th century literature and bibliography.As director of the University Library, Mr. Hazen willserve as chief administrator for the departmental libraries,as well as of the main facilities in Harper Memorial Library. The Library contains at the present time approximately one and one-half million bound volumes, and itreceives about 50,000 continuations, including in part thetransactions and proceedings of learned societies.Wanted; contented teachersA nation-wide search for contented teachers to counterthe rising tide of discontent among instructors has beeninstigated by the Rural Editorial Service of the University,Francis S. Chase, director, announced this month.The quest calls for nominations for rural and urbanschool systems where teachers generally feel (1) thatsalaries have been fairly determined, (2) that their workis appreciated by the community, pupils and the schooladministration, (3) that conditions of work permit effective instruction, (4) and that opportunity for recognition and leadership exists in the community. In scouting out systems, where men and women arehappily engaged in teaching and are stirred only by theconstructive unrest of the desire to do better, the RuralEditorial Service will study what it is that makes teachingattractive."We are not looking for the content that asks for littleand aspires to small achievements," Chase stated. "Weare looking for groups of teachers filled with the satisfactions which spring from earned appreciation."Such satisfaction is most likely to be found whereboth teachers and citizens share actively in the makingof school policy and school budgets," Chase said. "Clearly-defined educational purposes and the quality of educational leadership are also important factors in morale."After identifying systems cited for high morale byteachers, associations and citizens as well as by educationalleaders, additional information will be sought throughdirect correspondence with the systems concerned. A morecomprehensive survey will follow of the systems believedto be especially outstanding. The Rural Editorial Serviceis sponsored by the Kellogg Foundation, the Universityof Chicago, and the National Association of Secretariesof State Educational Associations.Etc.His Royal Highness, Saud Ibn Abdul Azis Bin AbdulRahman Al-Faisal Al Saud, crown prince of Saudi Arabiawas the guest of the University of Chicago on his visit tothe Windy City in late February. The eldest of the 48sons of King Abdul Azis Ibn Saud was entertained byThorkild Jacobsen, Director of the Oriental Institute andmembers of his staff.Chancellor Robert M. Hutchins and Otto Struve Director of Yerkes Observatory, received honorary doctor'sdegrees from the University of Copenhagen at the celebration of the 400th anniversary of the birth of the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe. Dr. Struve was present toreceive his degree. Rockford College, celebrating its100th anniversary, conferred a Doctor of Laws degreeon Enrico Fermi, Charles H. Swift Distinguished ServiceProfessor of Physics, and Doctor of Science degrees uponThorfin Hogness, Professor of Chemistry, and Dr. Adelaide Johnson, Ph.D., '30, and M. D., '32.Newton Edwards, Professor of Education, has beenappointed to the subcommittee on the responsibilities ofhigher education in democracy and international affairsin President Harry S. Truman's Commission on HigherEducation.Frank H. Knight, Distinguished Service Professor ofSocial Sciences and Philosophy, Aaron Director (Law)and Milton Friedmann (Economics) are attending theVevey, Switzerland Conference April 1 through 10. Theconference will discuss Free Enterprise and the Competitive Order, The Future of Germany, World Federation,and problems of histiography and political education.APRIL CALENDARTuesday, April 1LECTURE-"How Signs Work," Charles Morris (Philosophy).First of a series of ten lectures on "Words! Words! Wrords!Introduction to Meaning and Communication." (Series, $5.00).8:00 P.M. University College, 19 South LaSalle Street. 75cLECTURE-"Speech-In the Making," Bess Sondel (Speech).First of ten sessions. ($4,80 series). 6:30 P.M. University College, 19 South LaSalle Street. 75cUNIVERSITY CONCERT-Henri Temianka, violin; LeonardShure, piano. Beethoven, Sonatas: A Major, Opus 23, A Major,Opus 12, No. 2 E Flat Major, Opus 12, No. 3 G Major, Opus96. 8:30 P.M. Mandel Hall, 57th Street and University Avenue$1.20 tax includedWednesday, April 2LECTURE— "Enter the Gods: Man-made Cradles of Deity,"Sunder Joshi. First of a series of ten lectures on "Romance ofthe Gods: Their Personal Histories." (Series, $4.80). 6:30P.M. Auditorium, 19 South LaSalle Street. 75cLECTURE— 'In History: The Growth of a Christian WorldView," Robert L. Calhoun (Historical Theology, Yale University). First of a series of ten lectures on "The Inter-relationof Philosophy and Christian Theology." University of ChicagoAlexander White Lecture. 4:30 P.M. Mandel Hall, 57th andUniversity Avenue. FreeLECTURE— "Early Nature Poetry," Myles Dillon (Celtic, Comparative Philology). First of ten lectures on "Chapters ofIrish Literature." (Series, $6.00). 7:30 P.M. Social ScienceBuilding, 1126 East 59th Street. 82cLECTURE— "Selecting the Homesite," Walter Blucher, Director,American Society of Planning Officials. First of a series of tenlectures on "Tomorrow's Home." (Series, $4.80). 8:00 P.M.Auditorium, 19 South LaSalle Street. 75cLECTURE-CONCERT-"Stravinsky's Neoclassical Music," ErnstKrenek. Musical illustrations played by John Weicher, violin;Dudley Powers, violincello; Robert Lindeman, clarinet; PerryO'Neill, piano. Mozart and Stravinsky works. 8:15 P.M. Kimball Hall, 306 South Wabash Avenue. $1.50, tax includedThursday, April 3LECTURE— "Turgenev, Fathers and Sons, and Tolstoy War andPeace," Milton Hindus (Humanities). First of a series of fourlectures on "Crucial Modern Conflicts in Seven Novels." (Series,$2.40). 7:30 P.M. University College, 19 South LaSalle Street.75cFriday, April 4LECTURE— "The Forms of Government," Mortimer J. Adler(Philosophy of Law). 7:30 P.M. 32 West Randolph Street. $1.50DRAMA— "Roots of Lilac," a play by Lois Shepherd, Universitystudent. University of Chicago student theatre production.8:15 P.M. Reynolds Club Theater, 57th Street and UniversityAvenue. 60c, tax includedSaturday, April 5DRAMA— "Roots of Lilac," a play by Lois Shepherd, Universitystudent. University of Chicago student theatre production.3 P.M. and 8:15 P.M. Reynolds Club Theatre, 57th Street andUniversity Avenue. 60c, tax includedSunday, April 6UNIVERSITY RELIGIOUS SERVICE, Rockefeller MemorialChapel. 11:00 A. M. Dean Charles W. Gilkey.Monday, April 7LECTURE— "Facism Menaces Europe," Walter Johnson (History).Second in a series of 11 lectures on "The United States: Superpower." (Series, $7.50). 7:30 P.M. University College, 19 SouthLaSalle Street. 90cTuesday, April 8LECTURE— "Facism Menaces Europe," Walter Johnson (History).Second in a series of 11 lectures on "The United States: Superpower." (Series, $7.50). 11:00 A.M. University College, 19South LaSalle Street. 90c LECTURE-"Speech-In the Making," Bess Sondel (Speech).Second of ten sessions. 6:30 P.M. University College, 19 SouthLaSalle Street. 75cLECTURE— "Kinds and Uses of Signs," Charles Morris (Philosophy). 8:00 P.M. University College, 19 South LaSalle Street75cWednesday, April 9LECTURE— "Tomorrow's Home: Engaging the Architect andContractor," George Fred Keck, Architect. 8:00 P.M. Auditorium, 19 South LaSalle Street. 75cLECTURE-'Triumph of the Gods: In Tune with Change,"Sunder Joshi. 6:30 P.M. Auditorium, 19 South LaSalle Street.75cLECTURE —"In Methods: The Techniques of Reason and ofFaith," Robert L. Calhoun (Historical Theology). 4:30 P.M.Mandel Hall, 57th Street and University Avenue. FreeLECTURE-"The Ulster Cycle," Myles Dillon (Celtic, Comparative Philology). 7:30 P.M. Social Science Building, 1126 East59th Street/ 82cThursday, April 10LECTURE— "Dostoevski, Notes from the Underground," MiltonHindus (Humanities). 7:30 P.M. University College, 19 SouthLaSalle Street. 75cSaturday, April 12SPORTS— Varsity Fencing National Collegiate Championships.10 A.M.-ll P.M. Bartlett Gymnasium, 5640 University Avenue.Ticket charges to be announced.Sunday, April 13UNIVERSITY RELIGIOUS SERVICE, Rockefeller MemorialChapel. 11:00 A.M. Dr. George A. Buttrick, Madison AvenuePresbyterian Church, New York.Monday, April 14LECTURE— "Russia Industrializes," Walter Johnson (History).7:30 P.M. University College, 19 South LaSalle Street. 90cTuesday, April 15LECTURE— "Russia Industrializes," Walter Johnson (History).11:00 A.M. University College, 19 South LaSaile Street. 90cLECTURE— "Speech-In the Making," Bess Sondel (Speech).Third in a series of ten sessions. 6:30 P.M. University College,19 South LaSalle Street. 75c.LECTURE— "Language and Communication," Charles Morris(Philosophy). 8:00 P.M. University College, 19 South LaSalleStreet. 75cWednesday, April 16LECTURE— 'In Objective Reference: Being and Well Being,"Robert L. Calhoun (Historical Theology). 4:30 P.M. MandelHall, 57th Street and University Avenue. FreeLECTURE-"The Ulster Cycle, continued," Miles Dillon (Celtic,Comparative Philology). 7:30 P.M. Social Science Building,1126 East 59th Street. 82cLECTURE— "Tomorrow's Home: Taking Proper Legal Pre-cau-tions," Alphonse Cerza, Attorney. 8:30 P. M. Auditorium, 19South LaSalle Street. 75cLECTURE— "Gods of Persia: Precursors of Christianity," SunderJoshi. 6:30 P.M. Auditorium, 19 South LaSalle Street. 75cLECTURE-CONCERT-'Bach's 'Musical Offering,'" Scott Gold-thwaite. Musical illustrations by Dorothy Lane, harpsichord;Oscar Chausow, violin; and Emil Eck, flute. Handel, Bach, andRameau works. 8:15 P.M. Kimball Hall, 306 South WabashAvenue. $1.50, tax includedThursday, April 17LECTURE— "Proust, Remembrance of Things Past and Celine,Journey to the End of Night," Milton Hindus (Humanities).7:30 P.M. University College, 19 South LaSalle Street. 75c22THE UNIVERSITY OFFriday, April 18SPORIS-Gymnastics Central AAU Meet. 7:30 P.M. BartlettGymnasium, 5640 University Avenue. Ticket charges to beannouncedSunday, April 20UNIVERSITY RELIGIOUS SERVICE, Rockefeller MemorialChapel. 11:00 A.M. President Ernest C. Colwell.Monday, April 21LECTURE-'European Diplomacy, 1919-39," Walter Johnson(History). 7:30 P.M. University College, 19 South LaSalleStreet. 90cTuesday, April 22LECTURE— "Words as Signposts," Charles Morris (Philosophy).8:00 P.M. University College, 19 South LaSalle Street. 75cLECTURE— "Speech— In the Making," Bess Sondel (Speech).Fourth in a series of ten sessions. 6:30 P.M. University College,19 South LaSalle Street. 75cLECTURE-'European Diplomacy, 1919-39," Walter Johnson(History). 11:00 A.M. University College, 19 South LaSalleStreet. 90cWednesday, April 23LECTURE— "In Personal Perspective: Detachment and Commitment," Robert L. Calhoun (Historical Theology). 4:30 P.M.Mandel Hall, 57th and University Avenue. FreeLECTURE-"The Fenian Cycle," Myles Dillon (Celtic, Comparative Philology). 7:30 P.M. Social Science Building, 1126 East59th St. 82cLECTURE— "Tomorrow's Home: Estimating the Cost," CharlesG. Wright, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 8:00 P.M. Auditorium,19 South LaSalle Street. 75cLECTURE-'Tndia's Crowded Pantheon: Traffic Unlimited,"Sunder Joshi. 6:30 P.M. Auditorium, 19 South LaSalle Street.75cThursday, April 24LECTURE-'Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby and Dreiser, The Bulwark," Milton Hindus (Humanities). 7:30 P.M. UniversityCollege, 19 South LaSalle Street. 75cFriday, April 25UNIVERSITY CONCERT-Chicago Symphony Quartet; CharlesFoidart, viola; Perry O'Neill, piano; Bruckner, String Quintet;Piston, Piano Trio; Schumann, Piano Quintet, E. Flat Major,Opus 44. 8:30 P.M. Mandel Hall, 57th Street and UniversityAvenue. $1.20, tax included.Sunday, April 27UNIVERSITY RELIGIOUS SERVICE, Rockefeller MemorialChapel. 11.00 A.M. Rev. Gene Bartlett, First Baptist Church,Columbia, Missouri.Monday, April 28LECTURE-"The Far East, 1920-1939," Walter Johnson (History).7:30 P.M. University College, 19 South LaSalle Street. 90cTuesday, April 29LECTURE-"The Far East, 1920-39," Walter Johnson (History).11:00 A.M. University College, 19 South LaSalle Street. 90cLECTURE-"Speech-In the Making," Bess Sondel (Speech) Fifthin a series of ten sessions. 6:30 P.M. University College, 19South LaSalle Street. 75c.LECTURE-'Words as Oases," Charles Morris (Philosophy). 8:00P.M. University College, 19 South LaSalle Street. 75cWednesday, April 30LECTURE-CONCERT-'South American Chamber Music," JohnW. Beattie. Musical illustrations by John Weicher, violin;Dudley Powers, Violincello; Perry O'Neill, piano. Mozart, SantaCrus, and Villa-Lobos. 8:15 P.M. Kimball Hall, 306 SouthWabash Avenue. $1.50, tax included.LECTURE— Tn Social Orientation. Society and City of God,"Robert L. Calhoun (Historical Theology). 4:30 P.M. MandelHall, 57th and University Avenue. Free CHICAGO MAGAZINE 23LECTURE-"The Fenian Cycle, continued," Myles Dillon (Celtic, Comparative Philology). 7:30 P.M. Social Science Building,1126 F:ast 59th Street. 82c.LECTURE— "Tomorrow's Home: Planning the Room Layout forFamily Needs," Reinhard Lesser, Chicago Housing Authority.8:00 P.M. Auditorium, 19 South LaSalle Street. 75cLECTURE— "Buddha and His Shadows: A Prince Becomes God,"Sunder Joshi. 6:30 P.M. Auditorium, 19 South LaSalle Street.75cSTUDENT ACTIVITIES(Continued from Page 11)by various existing groups and by committees organizedfor this special purpose. During the recent elections, student committees for Robert Merriam and Bertram Moss,contestants for alderman from the 5th Ward, backedtheir candidates as strenuously as — well, almost, as fiercelyas the faculty supporters of the two candidates.Vital concern about international relations, the UnitedNations, and the world meaning of atomic energy hasbeen made articulate and explicit in the affairs of theInternational Relations Club, A.V.C., the Student Federalists, all organizations with large, active memberships— and many other groups as well.It is impossible, in this limited space, to deal with morethan a few representative groups of the 133 student-inspired activities at Chicago. It can only serve to indicatethe variety of extra-curriculum interests finding expression during the hours the students aren't in class, at thelibraries or their study desks.FREE SPEECH(Continued from Page 13)Freedom of the Movies by Ruth A. Inglis, the secondof the special reports published on January 20 of thisyear, has already made its impression on members of themovie industry and others whose knuckles are rapped inits 214 pages. Miss Inglis' and the Commission's recommendation for the establishment of a national advisoryboard to review the provisions of the Motion Picture Production and Advertising Codes — erstwhile measures ofmovie morals — caused Chester Bahn of The Film Dailyto retort "direct film censorship". The discussion is onlybeginning.A University of Chicago Round Table broadcast, anda program on Town Meeting of the Air will give members of the Commission a chance to present and defendtheir views before the general public. They will also meetthe press personally at a press conference at the time ofpublication of the general report. Through these activities, and through a special Fortune supplement in Aprildevoted to the general report, features in Time and Life,and interest by such trade media as Editor and Publisherand Tide, the findings and recommendations of the Commission will be well known.Regardless of the stand reviewers take, if the publicdiscusses and makers of policy in the mass communications industries seriously consider A Free and ResponsiblePress, the Commission's efforts will not have been wasted.24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe Best Place to Eat on the South SideCOLONIAL RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone Hyde Park 6324Telephone Haymarket 3120E. A. AARON & BROS. Inc.Fresh Fruits and VegetablesDistributors ofCEDERGREEN FROZEN FRESH FRUITS ANDVEGETABLES46-48 South Water MarketPOND LETTER SERVICEEverything in LettersH oo veil TypewritingMultigraphingAddressograph Service MimeographingAddressingMailingHighest Quality Service Minimum PricesAll PhonesHarrison 81 18 418 So. Market St.ChicagoLATOURAINECoffee and TeaLa Touraine Coffee Co.209 Milwaukee Ave., ChicagoOther PlantsBoston — N.Y. — Phil. — Syracuse -^ Cleveland"You Might As Well Have The Best"3 HOUR SERVICEEXCLUSIVE CLEANERSAND DYERSSince 10201442 and 1331 E. 57th St.•EVENING GOWNSAND FORIY1ALSA SPECIALTYMidway*^ We call forand deliver3 HOUR SERVICEPlaters, SilversmithsSpecialists . . .GOLD, SILVER, RHODANIZESILVERWARERepaired, Refinished, RelacqueredSWARTZ & COMPANY10 S. Wabash Ave. CENtral 6089-90 Chleajo NEWS OF THE CLASSES1903George A. Barker, SM '05, has retired from the faculty of ColoradoTeachers College and is living inKentfield, California.1907William E. W. Seller has retiredfrom the ministry of the MethodistChurch, and is living in PenneyFarms, Florida.1909Walter R. Jones is living in Brook -ly, New York, and has retired fromteaching high school.I9IIRalph H. Kuhns, Rush MD '13,still follows his "professional" hobbyin Los Angeles: Chess. He is theCalifornia director of the UnitedStates Chess Federation, director ofthe State Association, and ChessCommissioner of the Los AngelesAthletic Club. Some years ago, before leaving Chicago for the West,Dr. Kuhns gave the Reynolds Club avery fine chess library which is stillbeing used by the current studentswho daily protect kings from beingcaptured in the Club lounges.1913F. E. Brown, PhD '18, writes thathe is again teaching chemistry tofreshmen at Iowa State College bythe thousand, any time from sevenin the morning to ten at night, including the noon hour. He is guiding the first Iowa Science TalentSearch among high school seniors, iscouncilor for the American Chemical Society and is chairman of thedivision of Chemical Education forthe Midwest Meeting of the American Chemical Society held in Juneat Kansas City.1915John E. Robinson, MD Rush, isChief Medical Officer at the U. S.Penitentiary, Alcatraz, California.1917Mrs. Edmund J. Sheehan (FrancesM. Maddock) is living in Oak Park,Illinois, and teaching at the SayreSchool in Chicago.Rhey Boyd Parsons, AM '23, hasreturned from his work with the WarDepartment in Europe and has accepted a position as Professor andChairman of the Department of Education at Aurora College, Aurora,Illinois. The appointment of Ernest HShideler, AM, PhD '27, for the pasi9 years Indiana state director of theFarm Security Administration, to thefaculty of the University of IllinoisUndergraduate Division at Gales-burg, Illinois, was recently announced1918Katherine Jarrell has retired fromteaching and is living in San Antonio, Texas.Arthur Jorgensen, AM, has retired, after serving as Y.M.C.A. Secretary in Japan for many years, andis living in New Paltz, New York.1919Jessie B. Merry is living in Rensselaer, Indiana, where she is a Visitor in the Jasper County Department of Public Welfare.1920"Theory of Functions of Real Variables" by Lawrence M. Graves, AM,PhD '24, came off the presses in December and is already in its secondprinting.E. E. Rosaire, SM '21, PhD '26,has been elected President of the SanJacinto Chapter of the Texas Societyof Professional Engineers, and National Director for the National Society of Professional Engineers. Inaddition, he is Vice-president of theEngineers' Council of Houston.1921Wendell S. Brooks, AM, is Superintendent of the Chicago Tract Society.John Ladner, LLB, is Judge of theDistrict Court Judicial District Number 14, which includes Tulsa andPawnee Counties in Oklahoma.Edwin W. Webster, AM, PhD '34,became Head of the Department ofHistory and Professor at IndianaCentral College, Indianapolis, Indiana, in February.Glenway Westcott, novelist, wasrecently elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters, in recognition of distinguished achievement.His best known works include "TheGrandmothers", which was the Harper Prize Novel in 1927, and "Apartment in Athens" which was a recentselection of the Book-of-the-MonthClub.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 25MORE SCENERY THAN FISHWe recently had occasion to write Russell C. Emrich, '25, on matterspertaining to his Magazine address. We hadn't heard from him since before the war and we asked for some news about what he has been doingthese eventful years. His reply wras on stationery reading "R. C. Emrich& Co. . . . Imports-Exports, Seattle, Washington" and was so typicalof alumni who visit the great Pacific Northwest and never get back that wethink you should have the exact quotes. Brace yourselves or you'll wake upin a Pullman of the Great Northern's Empire Builder winding through theRockies on your way to Puget Sound. — The Editor.Here is the letter:"Now that the war is over and controls are diminishing, we aretaking advantage of opportunities to get ahead in the world. It seemsto me that opportunities are more prevalent in the Northwest than Iever found them in the Midwest."We arrived here in 1940 on a vacation trip and the country got me.I bought a place on the shore of Lake Washington on Mercer Islandso that I could sfish off my own dock, but the fish, so far, have failedto cooperate. We look out on the water, the Olympics and the famousLake Washington Floating Bridge, which compensates somewhat forthe failure of the fish."My sons have learned to swim, to sail a boat, and to ski in thisversatile country and I doubt if any other part of the country canlure us away."During the war Russ Emrich was on the District Staff of the U.S.C.G.(TR) as Communications Officer teaching signalling to some 5,000 members of the District. To improve techniques he wrote a handbook revisingthe teaching of signalling, semaphore, and blinker. He now has his ownexport business. Mrs. Emrich was Helen L. Funk when she was on theMidway with Russell. BLACKSTONEHALLAnExclusive Women's Hotelin theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering; Graceful Living to University and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALLTelephonePlaza 33135748Blackstone Ave.Verna P. Werner, DirectorLEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyde Park 9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVER1922Elsie Wolcott Hayden, AM, resigned as Director of the ProtestantWoman's Protectorate in July, andjoined the staff of the Chicago Department of Welfare as a field section supervisor in the Family Division.Ray W. Irwin, AM, is teachingAmerican History at New YorkUniversity.Mrs. Edgar Lee Masters (EllenFrances Coyne) is an instructor onthe English staff of Ogontz JuniorCollege in Rydal, Pennsylvania.William A. McWhorter, Jr., iswith the Merchant Marine.Leonard T. Richardson, AM, isProfessor of Modern Languages atYoungstown College in Youngstown,Ohio, and is living in nearby Poland.Aurelie Ziehy, AM, is living in DesMoines, Iowa, where she is teachinghigh school English.1923Paul F. Bechtold, AM, assumedhis new duties as President of Southern Union College at Wadley, Alabama, last September.Walter H. Laves, PhD '27, whosince 1943 has been a United StatesBureau of the Budget Consultant tothe President, was named DeputyDirector General of the UNESCO recently. He will serve as the principal aide to Dr. Julian Huxley, British biologist, who was named Director General of UNESCO last month.Edward H. Lockwood, AM, is aY.M.C.A. secretary in Canton,China.1924Mrs. Charles A. Wells (ElizabethMacRae Boykin) is the author of asyndicated daily newspaper columnon home decoration, which appearsunder her maiden name.Gladys Marion Johnson is Supervisor of Educational Exhibits and theSpeakers Bureau for the Departmentof Public Welfare in Springfield, Illinois.Selby Vernon McCasland, AM,PhD '26, and Mrs. McCasland(Louise Gaston, '22) are living inCharlottesville, Virginia, where Mr.McCasland is Professor of Religionas the University of Virginia.1925We have recently been notified ofthe appointment of William J. Breit,AM, as Director of Veterans Training, Trades Training Institute atPrairie, Mississippi.Alexander P. Cappon, AM '26,PhD '35, is Professor of English atthe University of Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri. Albert K. Epstein, '12B. R. Harris, '21Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285-6MOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNIHIGHEST RATED IN UNITED STATESENGRAVERS— SINCE 1906 + WORK DONE BY ALL PROCESSES 4+ ESTIMATES GLADLY FURNISHED ++ ANY PUBLISHER OUR REFERENCE +3RAYNERP» DALHEIM &CO.20S4 W. LAKE ST., CHICAGO.26 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEPETERSONFIREPROOFWAREHOUSESTORAGEMOVING•Foreign — DomesticShipments•55th & ELLIS AVENUEPHONEBut. 6711BEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO.24-HOUR SERVICELICENSED - BONDEDINSUREDQUALIFIED WELDERSHAYmarket 79171404-08 S. Western Ave., ChicagoBIENENFELDGLASS CORP. OF ILLINOISChicago's Most Complete Stock ofGLASS1525W. 35th St. PhoneLafayette 8400A SundaeTreat forAny Day!SWIFT'S ICE CREAMSundaes and sodas are extra goodmade with Swift's Ice Cream. Sodelicious, so creamy -smooth, soA Product ofSWIFT & COMPANY7409 S. State SfreefPhone RADdiffe 7400 Mrs. Stewart B. Sniffen (MarionR. Mosely, AM) is Assistant Director of the Nutrition Service with theAmerican Red Gross National Headquarters in Washington.1926Daniel D. Day, AM, is Advisementand Guidance Officer with the Veterans Administration in Washington, D. C.Humphrey C. Dixon has changedhis address from Detroit to Chicago,where he is with the Cathedral Shelter and Church of the Epiphany onthe West Side.Graham A. Kernwein, MD '31, isa practicing orthopaedic surgeonwith the Northwest Clinic in Minot,North Dakota.David O. Voss, AM, PhD, writesus: "I am trying to uphold the cultural and spiritual values in a materialistic civilization by teaching Latinin De Vilbiss High School here inToledo."1927Harriet Marjorie Cooper is Executive Secretary of the Camp Fire Girlsin Chicago.Lionel Bruce Hakes is Zone Manager for Nash Motors Division ofNash Kelvinator in Cincinnati, Ohio.Mrs. Hakes is the former Zoe-MaySutherland, '27.1928Karl Berninger is coaching athletics and teaching at WentworthMilitary Academy in Lexington,Missouri.Robert H. Poole is on the facultyat Stanford University, California.Caroline Shrodes, AM '34, is onthe faculty of San Francisco StateCollege at San Francisco.1929Clara L. Fallis is librarian in Jamaica, New York.placfesitone Becorattng^>erbtcePhone Pullman 917010422 2M)obea gibe., CJncago, 3U.HOWARD F. NOLANPLASTERING, BRICKCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. Lake Park Ave.Telephone Dorchester 1579 Wen Kwei Liao, AM, PhD '31,is living in Silo, Formosa, and isPresident of the Liaos Land andTrade Company, Ltd., with officesin Taipeh, Formosa, and Shanghai,China.Wallace Merriam is Chief of Urology at the Station Hospital, FortLeavenworth, Kansas.Martha Hughes Scott, SM, hasbeen appointed Instructor of Biologyand Human Anatomy at San Francisco Junior College, San Francisco.Myrta Abigail Shannon has retired from teaching and is living inTingley, Iowa.John J. Welker, AM, PhD '38, ison the faculty of Illinois Institute ofTechnology in Chicago, and Mrs.Welker (Dorothy E. Winters, AM'28, PhD '31) is a member of thefaculty of Roosevelt College.Ethyl Rivers, SM, is a member ofthe mathematics faculty at the University of Tennessee, at Knoxville.Robert White, Jr., AM '36, PhD'45, is Dean of the College of Education and Professor of Education atKent State University in Kent, Ohio.1930Alejandro Arratia, AM, is teaching at the City College of New York.Reuel G. Hemdahl has joined thestaff of the University of Louisville(Kentucky) as Assistant Professor ofPolitical Science.Harold F. Lee, AM, is now Professor of Education in the GraduateDivision of Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri. Prior to thisappointment, he served as a memberof the faculty of Wilberforce University where for a period he wasDean of the College of Education.Mr. Lee received his PhD degreefrom Ohio State University in 1939.Ruth Mayos has taken a positionas Chief Social Service worker atthe East Moline State Hospital, EastMoline, Illinois. She served with theAmerican Red Cross during WorldWar II.William John Holmes, MD '34, isa physician and surgeon in Honolulu.Margaret J. Hough, SM '42, is nowon the faculty of Albertou MagnusCollege in New Haven, Connecticut.Vinita Lewis is a staff member ofUNRRA and is currently working inPeiping, China, where she organizedthe Peiping Child Welfare Committee.Jon T. Sites, AM, is teaching in theAtchison County Community HighSchool, Effingham, Kansas.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 27Reuben Romalis, AM is teachingin Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.1931Earl P. Carter recently assumedhis duties as Assistant Professor atthe New Citadel, Charleston, SouthCarolina.George W. Friede, JD, formerlylegal officer with the U. S. MilitaryGovernment in Germany has reopened his office for private practiceat 710 Cascade Building, in Portland, Oregon.Robert Graf, Jr., AM '33, is anInstructor in American History atRoosevelt College in Chicago.A. H. Fellheimer, JD, is practicing law in Pontiac, Illinois, and isSecretary of the Livingston County,Illinois, Bar Association.Philip Kolb, AM '32, was releasedfrom active duty as a Lieutenant,USNR, in September, 1945, afterserving with Supreme HeadquartersAEF Intelligence. He is now on thestaff of the French Department ofthe University of Illinois. His firstchild, Katherine Whiteside Kolb,was born on the anniversary of V-EDay.Lawrence Beal Smith of Cambridge, Massachusetts, has been commissioned by Scruggs-Vandervoort-Barney department store in St. Louisto paint scenes depicting life in Missouri. During the war he was sentoverseas by Abbott and Company,pharmaceutical manufacturers, to depict the work of the Army MedicalCorps.Mrs. R. L. Vandaveer (Mary E.Tompkins) is librarian at the Webster Junior High School Library inOklahoma City.1932Carlos T. Curtis is active in localcivic affairs and his current interestis in state support for the publicschools. He is living in Elmhurst,Illinois, and has recently opened offices in Chicago, as the firm of Curtis, Dupre, and Noakes, ExecutiveConsultants. They are consultants inthe industrial engineering field, specializing in the installation of wageincentives, cost accounting systems,etc.Herman C. Mason is living inChicago where he is working as consulting chemist and bacteriologist.Raymond Crardit, AM, has beenappointed Associate Professor of Accounting in the college of commerceand finance, Drake University, DesMoines, Iowa. He has been in the Signal Corps in the capacity of financial analyst and negotiator in Chicago for the past three and a halfyears.Lloyd J. Davidson, AM '34, wasrelieved from active duty as a captain in the Army Air Forces in August and has since been working inthe Library of Congress in Washington on a one-year research grant (fellowship) of the American Councilof Learned Societies, having receivedan extension of his leave of absencefrom the English Department at theUniversity of Chicago. During thewar years he was successively an instructor in the AAF Training Command; Historical Officer of theFourth Air Force; and head of theEditorial Section of the AAF Historical Office in Washington.Lee O. Garber, PhD, is a specialist in Educational Relations for theTVA at Knoxville.Joseph S. Schick, AM, PhD '37,has recently accepted the position ofProfessor of English at Indiana StateTeachers College, Terre Haute, Indiana.John H. Tiernan, Jr., who wentfrom life insurance to Navy Quartermaster Corps and out in November,1945, is completing a course in hospital administration at ColumbiaUniversity. He did his internship atMenorah Hospital at Kansas City,Missouri, and stopped in at AlumniHouse on his way back to New Yorkto complete his work for the degree.It's obvious that the famous Tiernanenthusiasm is destined to carry himinto high places in his newly chosenfield.1933Gardner Abbott was dischargedfrom service in February of 1946 andsince has been working at TractorHyde Park 6200 Midway 0009Radio ServiceHerman's Radio ShopVICTOR - DECCA - BLUEBIRDRECORDS935 East 55th StreetTuckerDecorating Service1360 East 70th StreetPhone MIDway 4404 Phones Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueSUPER-COLD CORPORATIONMANUFACTURERS OF COMMERCIALREFRIGERATION2221 South Michigan AvenueCHICAGO 16, ILLINOISPENDERCatch Basin and Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sumps-Pumps6620 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUE1545 E. 63RD STREETFAIRFAX 0330-0550-0880PENDER CATCH BASIN SERVICE1545 EAST 63RD STREETA. T. STEWART LUMBER COMPANYEVERYTHING InLUMBER AND MILLWORK7855 Greenwood Ave. Vin 9000410 West I llth St. Pul 0034ECONOMY SHEET METAL WORKSGalvanized Iron and Copper CornicesSkylights, Gutters, Down SpoutsTile, Slate and Asbestos Roofing1927 MELROSE STREETBuckingham 1893SUPERFLUOUS HAIRREMOVED FOREVERMultiple 20 platinum needles can be used.Permanent removal of hair from face, eyebrows, back of neck, or any part of body;also facial veins, moles, and warts.LOTTIE A- METCALFEELECTROLIS EXPERT20 years' experienceGraduate NurseSuite 1705, Stevens Building17 N. State StreetTelephone Franklin 4885FREE CONSULTATIONTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEUolden JJmlyte(formerly Dirigold)The Lifetime TablewareSOLID — NOT PLATEDService for Eight $61.85FINE BONE CHINAAynsley, Royal Crown Derby, Spoda andOther Famous Makes. Also Crystal, TableLinen and Sifts.COMPLETE TABLE APPOINTMENTSllii iijn, Inc.70 E. Jackson Blvd. Chicago, 111.BOYDSTON BROS., INC.UNDERTAKERSSince 18924227-29-31 CoH age Grove Ave.Oak. 0492 Oak. 0493CLARKE-McELROYPUBLISHING CO.6140 Cottage Grove AvenueMidway 3935"Good Printing of All Descriptions"Since 1878HANNIBAL, INC.UpholstersFurniture Repairing1919 N. Sheffield AvenuePhone: Lincoln 7 1 80PARKER-HOLS MAN iiiiiiiiiimiuTiiiimimnimiiinii ; Real Estate and Insurance1501 East 57th Street Hyde Park 2525 Supply Company in Chicago as Office Manager.James C. Beane is Assistant Chiefwith the Indianapolis Regional Office of the Veterans Administration.Chester R. Chartrand, AM, is living in Arlington, Virginia, where heis serving as Chief, Middle EastBranch, Office of International Information and Cultural Affairs withthe Department of State in Washington.Mrs. R. A. Fulton, Jr., (JeanBusby) has moved to 71 West 12thStreet in New York City.Delia M. Forgey, SM, is Supervisor of the Beverly Hills SchoolCafeterias and is living in LosAngeles.Mrs. John W. S. Johnson (ThelmaE. Hannum) lists her occupation as"ceramic sculptor and housewife."Her address is R.F.D. No. 2, HotSprings, Arkansas.Harry B. Miller, MD Rush '33,was separated from Army service inOctober, 1945; spent a year of addeddermatological training at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston;and opened an office in Hartford inNovember, with a practice limited todermatology.Captain Thomas L. Willmon, MD,is in Washington with the Bureau ofMedicine and Surgery, Navy Department, and has been a Naval medicalofficer since graduation.Winton V. Hanson is living inSaratoga, California, where he is arailroad representative for the West-tern Pacific Railroad. From 1942 to1946 he served as Transportation Officer in the U. S. Army Air Forces.Robert L. Keats, who left the Midway in 1933 and has been living inChicago has now joined the sales promotion department of the Union Paper and Twine Company in Cleveland.Philip Lampert, JD '35, has openedoffices for the practice of law at233 South Ashland Avenue in Chicago. He was formerly with theOffice of the Solicitor, U. S. Department of Labor.TELEPHONE HAYMARKET 4568O'CALLAGHAN BROS.PLUMBING CONTRACTORS21 SOUTH GREEN ST. Clarice T. Whittenberg, AM, isAssociate Professor of ElementaryEducation at the University of Wy.oming. This year she is on leave andis studying at the University ofTexas in Austin.1934Eunice Crothers is living in Detroit and teaching in the Hazel ParkHigh School, Hazel Park, MichiganSion Holley, PhD, MD '35, joinedthe staff of the Jewish ComsumptivesRelief Society as Chief Resident.W. R. Holloway, AM '35, is Superintendent of Schools in Stockton,Illinois, and a member of the executive committee of Northwestern Division of the Illinois Education Association.Mrs. Ralph Bergamo (DorothyMay Johnson) is a college instructorin art at Bergen Junior College,Teaneck, New Jersey.R. Foster Scott, AM, is teachingBusiness Law and American Historywith the I & E Section, U. S. Armyat Nagoya, Japan.1935Marie C. Berger, JD '38, after recovering from war wounds wentback to her former job in the OPAlegal department, Litigation Division. Karl Lachmann, JD '38, andJack Loeb, JD '37, are also in thesame division.Lewis A. Dexter joined the facultyof the University of Florida in February as Assistant Professor of theSocial Science General Course.Elton K. Morris is a chemist withthe Dow Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan.Lawrence E. Skinner, MD '35,moved into his own clinic buildinglast June, the first privately builtmedical-dental office in Tacoma,Washington. He has another doctorin partnership, and reports theirpractice has increased so much theyare looking for a third. Dr. Skinnerhas four children, Jimmy; Sally;David; and Frances Jean, born July19, 1946.Harold Stark is a chemist with theDryden Rubber Company in Chicago.Tom Turner, AM '36, writes thathe has finished his "John BrownSymphony" and expects to have his"Symphonic Suite" performed inFrance through the good offices ofYvres Baudrier, composer.1936The Junior Bar Conference of theAmerican Bar Association recentlyTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 29announced the appointment of IrwinJ. Askow, JD '38, as State Directorof the Public Information Programfor the State of Illinois.Irene Carroll Ford is Librarianwith the National Society for Crippled Children and Adults in Chicago.Anna Clippinger Orcutt is Professor of Psychology at Blue MountainCollege, Blue Mountain, Mississippi.Marion Jordan, AM, is RegionalManager of the Americana Encyclopedia in Chicago.James Milton Wood is living inChicago and is employed as a tinplate metallurgist.1937Robert H. Bethke was an AlumniHouse visitor February 28. He isnow Assistant Treasurer of the Discount Corporation of New York. Bobplans to return for the 1937 reunionon Alumni Day, June 7.Gary Bousman, AM, was discharged from his duties as Chaplainwith the U. S. Army in October,1945, and since December of thatyear has been Associate Pastor of thePlymouth Church in Milwaukee.Harriet E. Gillette, MD '40, is onthe staff of Warm Springs Foundation at Warm Springs, Georgia, inthe Department of Physical Medicine.Norman Kharasch, SM '38, is Assistant Professor of Chemistry at theUniversity of Southern California,Los Angeles.David S. Svaler, AM '46, accepteda position as Instructor at WrightJunior College in Chicago, startinglast February.Alfred M. Swetlik was recentlyappointed office manager of theRival Packing Company in Chicago.Mrs. Swetlik is the former Inez C.Carpenter, '38.Jacob Uhrich, PhD, has joined thefaculty of Trinity University, SanAntonio, Texas, as Head of the Biology Department and Professor.George W. Whitehead, SM '38,PhD '41, at present an instructor inmathematics at Princeton University, will join the faculty of BrownUniversity on July 1 as AssistantProfessor of Mathematics.Dwight C. Williams and Mrs.Williams (Virginia Tress, '37) areliving in Buenes Aires, where Mr.Williams is Assistant Manager forInternational Harvester Company.1938Asunda Castagna, AM, is teachingSpanish at Coe College in CedarRapids, Iowa. Thomas B. Larson, AM, is doingresearch work with the Library ofCongress. Mrs. Larson is the formerHelen R. Sapir, '37.Hardy K. Maclay and Mrs, Mac-lay (Jean Jordan, '38) are living inAlexandria, Virginia. Mr. Maclay isan attorney with offices in Washington, D. C.Horace D. McGee, MD, is practicing in Salem, Oregon, where hehas offices at 504 Guardian Building.1939Ivan Baker is out of the Army asLieutenant Colonel GSC and is nowDirector of Personnel and Labor Relations for the Booth Fisheries Division (U. S. and Canada, Ltd.).Thomas A. Donovan has been assigned by the Department of State toPrague, Czechoslavakia as ThirdSecretary and Vice Consul. DuringWorld War II he served with theArmy in the European theatre.Robert J. Greenebaum, formerNaval aviator and for the last yearassistant sales manager of M. Bornand Company in Chicago, has beenelected Vice-president in charge ofsales.David L. Moonie, MBA '39, announces the opening of offices forthe practice of public accounting at101 Post Street, San Francisco.William B. Sowash, AM '41, hasbeen appointed a Political Analystwith the Department of State inWashington, D. C.1940Charles C. Andersen, Jr. is teaching in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Idaho inMoscow, Idaho.Mary Frances Bozeman, AM, is asocial worker and consultant withthe rehabilitation service in NewYork City.Franklyn C. Hochreiter, AM, isliving in Baltimore, where he isSecretary, Division of Medical CareAgencies, Baltimore Council of Social Agencies. He is the father ofJudith Ann, 4/2; Claudia Lee, l/2,and Hugh James, born Devember 30,1946.Lowell A. Martin, AM, PhD '45,a member of the faculty of Columbia University's School of LibraryPhone: Saginaw 3202FRANK CURRANRoofing & InsulationLeaks RepairedFree EstimatesFRANK CURRAN ROOFING CO.8019 Bennett St. SARGENT'S DRUG STOREAn Ethical Drug Store for 95 YearsChicago's most completeprescription stock23 N. Wabash AvenueChicago, IllinoisSTENOTYPYLearn new, speedy machine shorthand. Les«e*fort, no cramped fingers or nervous fatigueAlso other courses: Typing, Bookkeeping,Comptometry, etc. Day or evening. Visitwrite or phone for data.Biyanr^ StrattonCOLLEGE18 S. Michigan Avo. T«l. Randolph 1575W. B. CONKEY CO.HAMMOND, INDIANAS<xo6 and &ztatay*P*U*tten4, a*ut SVWe*4SALES OFFICES: CHICAGO AND NEW YORKNEWENGLISH CARSIMMEDIATEDELIVERYAlsoNEW HOUSE TRAILERSJoseph Neidlinger7320 S. Stony IslandButterfield 560030 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. JACKSON BOULEVARDCHICAGOA Bureau of Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field.It is affiliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.CLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency65th YearNationwide ServiceFive Offices — One Fee64 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoMinneapolis — Kansas City, Mo.Spokane — New YorkAMERICANPHOTO ENGRAVING CO.Photo EngraversArtists — ElectrotypersMakers of Printing Plates429 TelephoneS. Ashland Blvd. Monroe 7515EASTMAN COAL CO.EstablUhed 1902YARDS ALL OVER TOWNGENERAL OFFICES342 N. Oakley Blvd.Telephone Seeley 4488BOYDSTON BROS. INC.operatingAuthorized Ambulance ServiceFor Billings Hospif alOfficial Ambulance Service forThe University of Ch' cagoOak. 0492 Oak. 0493Trained and licensed after idants Service since September was recentlyappointed Associate Dean. Dr. Martin teaches Library Administrationand Book Selection and directs research in the public library field.1941Jo William Barr is an instructor inHistory and Economics at TexasMilitary College, Terrell, Texas.John J. Bertrand, MD, is nowworking at the Donner Laboratoryof Medical Physics, the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, California.Frederick W. Cottrell, 'MD, '43, isstill in the Navy, serving with theMedical Corps. His wife, Miriam J.Cottrell, '41, is living at 4041 N. 12thStreet in Philadelphia.Samuel Howe Derbyshire is Headof the English Department at TheThomas School in Rowayton, Connecticut.William H. Friedman has been assigned to Marseilles, France, as ViceConsul with the Department ofState. He served as Staff Sergeant inthe Army during World War II, andparticipated in the Northern Franceand Central European campaigns.Warren E. Henry, PhD, is an Instructor in the Institute for the Studyof Metals at the University.Joel W. C. Harper has been appointed Chief of the Research Division of the Veterans Administrationin Seattle, Washington.John P. Jefferson is a news writerwith CBS in New York City.Clifford H. Murphy, AM, andMrs. Murphy (Elizabeth R. Hylbert,AM '37) are living at Moon ValleyFarm, Route 1, Columbia, Missouri,and Mr. Murhpy is teaching at theUniversity of Missouri in the Department of Philosophy.Frank V. Norall, AM, is on thenews staff of "World Report" inWashington, D. C.Robert Blackwell Smith, Jr., PhD,was recently named Dean of theMedical College of Virginia Schoolof Pharmacy, effective July 1. Dr.Smith, 31 years old, is believed tobe the youngest Dean of a school ofpharmacy in the country.1942Jane Blumenthal, AM, is conducting an interesting innovation in LosAshjian Bros., inc.ESTABLISHED IS2IOriental and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED8066 South Chicago Phone Regent 6000 Angeles in the way of offering chamber music concerts under the auspices of an organization called Evenings On The Roof.Frank H. Grover, AM, is Directorof Research and Scripts with theCoronet Instructional Films in Chicago.Bertha Hensman, AM, whosehome is in Leicester, England, isback on the quadrangles this year,and expects to leave next Septemberfor Chengtu, Szechwan, West China,where she will assume duties asChairman of the Department ofEnglish at West China Union University.Franz M. Oppenheimer and Mrs.Oppenheimer (Margaret S. Foote,'43) are living in New York City.Mrs. Oppenheimer is teaching in theBrearley School.Randall C. Ruechelle, AM '44, hasrecently been appointed Instructorof Written and Spoken English atMichigan State College, East Lansing.Frank Allen Smola was recentlyappointed Educational Director ofthe National Dairy Council in Chicago.Lt. Paul E. Strueh, MD '45, is assigned to the Transport SurgeonsBranch, San Francisco Port of Embarkation. His home is in Chicago,where his wife and son are living.He was formerly an interne at Presbyterian Hospital in Chicago.1943Harry W. Fischer, MD '45, is serving with the Navy Medical Corpsupon completion of his internship atBarnes Hospital in St. Louis, andis stationed at present at a VeteransAdministration Hospital in Tomah,Wisconsin, which provides care forchronic psychotics.Albert W. Geigel is in the Orientas representative for the AmericanPresident Lines of San Francisco.Deane R. Hinton has been assigned by the State Department toDamascus, Syria, as Third Secretaryand Vice Consul.Madelaine J. Mershon, AM, is onthe staff of the Division on HumanDevelopment at the University.Lt. Stewart F. Taylor, MD '45,resident now on Army medical duty,reported recently at San FranciscoPort of Embarkation and was assigned to the Transport SurgeonsBranch. His wife and two childrenare living in Oak Park, 111.Manuel J. Vargas, AM '44, is interning in the Psychiatric Department at Billings Hospital, UniversityClinics.Albert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau formen and women in all kinds of teachingpositions. Large and alert College andState Teachers' College departments forDoctors and Masters; forty per cent ofour business. Critic and Grade Supervisorsfor Normal Schools placed every year inlarge numbers; excellent opportunities.Special teachers of Home Economics, Business Administration, Music, and Art,secure fine positions through us every year.Private Schools in all parts of the countryamong our best patrons; good salaries.Well prepared High School teacherswanted for city and suburban HighSchools. Special manager handles Gradeand Critic work. Send for folder today.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 311944Oswald Hall, PhD, is Professor atIvIcGill University, Montreal, Quebec.Marion Conant McPherson, AM,is State Director of the MarylandLeague for Planned Parenthood,with headquarters in Bethesda,JVlaryland.Pauline D. Nelson, AM, is CaseWork Supervisor with the AmericanRed Cross at Percy Jones GeneralHospital in Battle Creek, Michigan.Lida. B. Schneider, AM, is a psychiatric social worker with the Langley Porter Clinic in San Francisco.Alan J. Strauss, SB '46, is Assistant Examiner with the Board ofExaminations at the University.1945Fay Arrieh is Supervisor of Art inWaukesha, Wisconsin.A. F. Branton, Jr., MBA, who gothis degree in hospital administrationon the Midway has recently beenmade Administrative Assistant at theBlodgett Memorial Hospital inGrand Rapids, Michigan. He wasformerly the hospital administratorfor the Three Rivers (Michigan)Hospital.TTiomas A. Meade, AM, is Librarian and Director of Training withGeneral Motors Institute, Flint,Michigan.Victor H. Miller is back on thequadrangles as a graduate studentin the Social Sciences.Mary Margaret Sheets, AM, is inHupeh, China, where she is Assistant Professor of English Literatureand Composition at the Hua ChungUniversity, Wuchang.Louis B. Thomas, MD, is on thestaff of the Idaho Rapid TreatmentCenter at Boise, Idaho.1946Mary-Elizabeth Bailey is an instructor in English at Wayne University in Detroit.Edyth R. Barry who did her workon the quadrangles in Human Development has been appointed Assistant Professor in the School of HomeEconomics at Cornell University, asa Specialist in Child Developmentand Family Relationships.Marvin L. Berge has been appointed Assistant Superintendent ofSchools in Elgin, Illinois.B. Everard Blanchard, AM, hasjoined the faculty of Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, Illinois, as AssistantProfessor of English.Lucile Derrick, PhD, has joinedthe ever growing number of alumnion the staff of the University of Illinois at Navy Pier, Chicago. Sheis Assistant Professor of Economicsand Statistics.Preston E. Harrison, PhD, is nowAssociate Professor of Bacteriologyand Immunology at Baylor University College of Medicine in Houston.Patricia Howard and Mary Bren-nan are in Mexico attending theMexico City College for the winterquarter. They spend their weekendssightseeing and have been to Cuer-navaca, Taxco, Acapulco and VeraCruz.The first of the year Orvin T.Richardson, PhD, assumed his dutiesas Dean of Student Affairs at BallState Teachers College, Muncie, Indiana.David R. Stone, Jr., PhD, is Professor of Psychology and Educationat Utah State Agricultural College,Logan, Utah.Genevieve C. Weeks, AM, is livingin Boston, where she is employed asa statistician.Launa May Whipple, AM, is Co-Director of the Nursery School withthe Family Community Associationin Kankakee, Illinois.MARRIAGESVirginia Anderson and Lyndon H.Lesch, '17, were married March 8and left immediately on a trip to theVirgin Islands. Mr. Lesch is Assistant Treasurer of the Universityand Miss Anderson is in the investment department of the Treasurer'soffice. She is an alumna of Northwestern University.Constance Croonenberghs, '25,known professionally to her radio audience as Constance Crowder, wasmarried September 20, 1946, to Harlan R. Wells, and they are living inGlendale. California.Edna R. Leake, AM '36, and Harrison Ross Steeves were married January 29, 1947, in New York City.Both Mr. and Mrs. Steeves aremembers of the faculty of ColumbiaUniversity.Archie Blake, PhD '37, and Bernice Lawrence of Ft. Wayne, Indiana, were married January 11, 1947.They met in the Wanderbirds HikingClub in Washington, D. C, wherethey are making their home.GEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3186 MacCORMACSchool of CommerceEstablished 1904Accounting, BookkeepingShorthand, Stenotypy, TypingMorning, Afternoon and EveningClasses — Home Study InstructionBULLETIN FREE ON REQUESTAsk about G. /. TrainingVisit, phone or write1170 E. 63d S*. TelephoneNear Woodlawn Butterfield 6363E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing731 Plymouth CourtWabash 8182Since 1895Surgeons1 Fine InstrumentsSurgical EquipmentHospital and Office FurnitureSundries, Supplies, DressingsalsoOrthopedic AppliancesInvalid RequirementsEverything for SurgeryV. MUELLER & CO,All Phones: SEEley 2180408 South Honore StreetCHICAGO 12, ILLINOISChicago's OutstandingDRUG STORESWasson-PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phones: Wentworth 8620-1-2-3-4Wesson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wasson DoesTHE UNIVERSITYOF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 12BIRCK-FELLINGER CORP.ExclusiveCleaners & Dyers200 E. Marquette RoadPhone: Went. 5380RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING & DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMonroe 3192Ajax Waste Paper Co.2600-2634 W. Taylor St.Buyers of Any QuantityWaste PaperScrap Metal and IronFor Prompt Service CallMr. B. Shedroff, Van Buren 0230ACMESHEET METAL WORKSANIMAL CAGESandLaboratory Equipment1121 East 55th StreetPhone Hyde Park 9500Alice Banner Englewood 3181COLORED HELPFACTORY HELPSTORESSHOPSMILLS FOUNDRIESEnglewood Emp. Agcy., 5534 S. State St.Arthur MichaudelDesigner and Maker ofDistinctive Stained Glass Windows542 North Paulina Street, ChicagoTelephone Monroe 2423@EXCEUfNCE IN EUCTMCAl PRODUCTSELECTRICAL SUPPLY CO.Distributors, Manufacturers and Jobbers ofELECTRICAL MATERIALSAND FIXTURE SUPPLIES5801 Halsted St. - Englewood 7500 Daniel McCarthy, '40, and Barbara Koenig of Quincy, Illinois, wererecently married and are living at2906 Central Street, Evanston, Illinois, where Mr. McCarthy owns acandy manufacturing company.Dorothy Freeh, '46, and C. GreggGeiger, '38, MBA '46, were marriedNovember 9, 1946, and are living at675 Buchanan, Gary, Indiana, whereMr. Geiger is Director of MarketResearch for Sales Planning of WarAssets, Chicago, and Mrs. Geiger isworking on her masters in SocialService Administration in addition toworking as a welfare visitor for theLake County, Indiana, Departmentof Public Welfare.Elizabeth Jane Clark, AM '46, wasmarried December 27, 1946, to LloydH. Olson. They are living at 2001B^lla Vista Drive, Arcadia, California, and Mrs. Olson is a medical social worker at the Children's Hospital Society in Los Angeles.BIRTHSThomas Eugene Foster, '34, JD'36, announce the birth of a son,Thomas Damron Foster, at Passa-vant Memorial Hospital in Chicagoon February 15, 1947. Proud papaFoster adds, "Delta Kappa Epsilon isrequested to take due notice!"Winston Bostick, '38, PhD '41, andMrs. Bostick announce the birth ofJoel Lord on January 6, 1947, atTyngsboro, Mass. The baby is thegrandson of William F. Bostick, '09,and Mrs. Bostick (Alice Johnson,'09),Bruce Haynes Waller arrived atthe home of Tom Waller, '40, andwife Lois Roff, '42, on November 3,1946. Mrs. Waller was back on thequadrangles recently for a visit.Morton Postelnek, '42, and Mrs.Postelnek (Lois Ackerman, '44) announce the birth of a daughter, Ro-sanne, on January 28, 1947.Sidney M. Bernstein, MBA '43,has written to announce that JudithShari joined the family on January30, 1946.Warren Wilhelm, MD, '45, isWard Officer at the Medical ServiceStation Hospital, Camp McCoy, Wisconsin. He recently became thefather of a son, Richard Warren,born December 17, 1946.Ranald A. Finlayson, MBA '46,and Mrs. Finlayson announce the arrival of Kenneth Redman on February 21, at Chicago.A son, John Timothy, was born atChicago on February 17, to JohnBenjamin Beyrer, AM '46, and Mrs.Beyrer. DEATHST. J. Van Horn, DB '93, on February 7, 1947, following an illness ofeight months, at Daytona Beach,Florida.Stephen E. Donlon, MD Rush '95,» and former faculty member of Rush,on January 5, 1947, at Chicago of acerebral hemorrhage. He was Chiefof Staff at St. Anthony de PaduaHospital, and a fifty year memberof the Chicago Medical Society.Harvey Andrew Peterson, '97, PhD'09, Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Illinois State Normal University on January 28, 1947, at Bloomington, Illinois, of bronchial pneumonia. Dr. Peterson had been a faculty member at the Illinois StateNormal University since 1909, andreturned in 1943.Frederick J. Bentley, MD Rush'01, on January 1, 1947, at Seattle,Washington.Edward H. Ahrens, '06, died athis home in Bronxville on February2, at the age of 62. For three yearsafter leaving the Midway, EdwardAhrens was with the Dodge Manufacturing Company. He then becameassociated with A. W. Shaw Publishing Company of Chicago, publishersof System and Factory magazines.He was sent to head the eastern office in New York in 1917 and in1921 he resigned to organize his owncompany, the Ahrens PublishingCompany, issuing Hotel Management, Restaurant Management, Hotel World-Review, and Travel America. He was a Life Member of theAlumni Association and an activeleader in the various phases of theAssociation's program.Rose C. Talbott, AM '12, DB '24,on January 9, 1947, at Brighton, Illinois.Stanley K. Hinsberg, '17, on January 17, 1947, at New York City.George Thomas Caldwell, PhD '18,MD Rush '19, of the Department ofPathology at Southwestern MedicalCollege, on January 20, 1947, atDallas, Texas. Mrs. Caldwell is theformer Janet Alice Anderson, '17.Mary E. Robb, '19, retired teacherat Hyde Park School in Chicago, onOctober 22, 1946, at Benton Harbor,Michigan.Gilbert Winkelmann, SM '25, onJanuary 26, 1947 at St. John's University, Collegeville, Minnesota. Hewas ordained a Benedictine monk in1910, and had taught mathematicsat the college for 35 years.During 1946, The Equitable Society distributed 287 million dollarsin benefits to policyholders and their families — an average ofmore than a million dollars for each workday in the year.What better use could you make of such ahuge sum of money than to make it servesome basic human need ... to help keep afamily together when tragedy strikes, to senda child to college or start a son in business,to assure financial independence to someonein the twilight years of life?The 287 million dollars paid out by The EquitableSociety during 1946 was used for just such purposesas these. Widows, children and other beneficiaries,for instance, received 101 million toward their support. Another 35 million was paid out as retirementincome. Through Group Insurance, benefits of over56 million in death, disability and pension paymentshelped relieve distress in workers' families. Otherbenefits, including dividends to policyholders,totaled 95 million dollars.To its 3,500,000 members throughout the land,The Equitable Society is the promise of familysecurity. Joined together in this great co-operativeenterprise, they have increased the amount of lifeinsurance they have in force by over 1350 milliondollars during 1946 . . . now own over lQYz billiondollars worth of peace of mind.Dividends Reduce CostThe benefit payments distributed by The EquitableSociety over the course of the years, together withthe funds held to fulfill present policies, exceed by1300 million dollars the total amount of premiumsreceived by the Society since its founding. This yearalone nearly 52 million dollars has been set asideThe Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States is amutual company incorporated under the laws of New York State. for payments to policyholders as dividends, thusreducing the net cost of their protection.By investing more of their earnings in life in-•surfnce than ever before, the American people areachieving a two-fold objective. Aside from theprimary purpose of providing systematically in advance for their future security, they are helping tocombat the inflationary forces at work in our economy.Preserve Value of DollarThe decline in the "real" value of the dollarcontinues to be a matter of major concern to allthinking Americans. In the interest of its policyholders and ail other people of our country, themanagement of The Equitable Society will continueto urge the adoption of a national fiscal policy whichwill preserve the "real" value of the savings of theAmerican people.THOMAS I. PARKINSON, PresidentSEND FOR THISFREE BOOKLET »// you own any insurance orare interested in it, you willfind " Your Policy" well worthreading. Send for it today t»The Equitable Life AssuranceSociety of the U . S . , 393 SeventhAvenue, New York 1, N. Y.Same : Street :_City and State :_trance is the curse of God, knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven."— shakespeareWhy some things get better all the timeHoop skirts an;> prince ai..;;:rts are only fond memories now. Far smarter the shies of todav . . . and equallystriking are the constant improvements in the quality ofclothing.There now are beautiful synthetic fabrics, in stunningvariety— all made possible by chemistry. And woolens, cottons and other fabrics are processed and dyed more effectively—thanks to special new chemicals, and equipment ofstainless steel. There are eye-catching hat decorations.smartly styled footwear, buttons, belts and suspenders ofcolorful long-life plastics. And rainwear of vinyl plasticsprovides new comfort and protection in stormy weather.Clothing for just about any occasion is today more attractive and more serviceable than ever before . . . becauseit is made of things that are basically better. Producing better basic materials for the use of scienceand industry and the benefit of mankind is the uork ofUnion Carbide.Basic knowledge and persistent research are required,particularly in the fields of science and engineering. Working with extremes of heat and cold— frequently as high as0()()0° or as low as 300° below zero, Fahrenheit— and withvacuums and great pressures, Units of UCC now separateor combine near!;, one-half of the many elements of theearth.Union Carbideajvd ca r n OJT CO P P O /', ? Tf OIVJO EAST 4 2 N D STREET [Jjj NEW YORK 17, N . Y .Products of Divisions and Units include Prest-O-Lite Acetylene • Pyrofax Gas • Bakelite, Krknc, Visyon, and Vinylite PlasticsEveready Flashlights and Batteries • National CarbonsI.inde OxygenAcheson ElectrodesPrestone and Trek Anti-Freezes • Electromet Alloys and Metals Haynes Stellite Alloys • Synthetic Organic Chemicals