THE UNIVERSITYOFCHICAGO MAGAZINEJUNE 19 4 6LE TT ERSEditorial Carelessness, ContinuedFrom the roster of the Class of '96I discovered that my Alma Mater hashonored me with the unusual distinction of promotion to MarkTwain's class. Would that it werepossible to be present on June 8th ifonly to demonstrate to any skepticsof the occult how lively and materiala college ghost may be.Though in terms of service to theUniversity the title of 'deceased' maybe deserved, my pride in her andfaith in her future have never wavered. I feel sure thousands of hergraduates have, like myself, sought topass on to others the inspiration tointelligent and devoted service received from her to those we havebeen privileged, to touch in our dailyundistinguished lives.Most sincerely,(Mrs.) Mary Maynard Chalmers, '96Wayne, Pa.Our apologies to Mary MaynardChalmers and our sincere appreciation of the spirit in which she calledthe error to our attention. In thecases of both Mrs. Chalmers and Mr.Pike [see Letters in the May issue] ourrecords were correct but our proofreading hit a new low. What theClass of '96 must think of us canprobably never be carried in thesecolumns. H.W.M.In the Strangest PlacesHave been overseas with Red Crosssince July, 1943, as Assistant Directorof Operations for the Southwest Pacific. Have traveled and lived andworked with the Army all throughAustralia, New Guinea, the Philippines and Japan.Of course, I've found a lot of University of Chicago people. You findthem in the strangest places. The MPon the corner is likely to be one — orthe VIP (Very Important Person)whose limousine with its motorcycleescort you just saw going around thecorner. Have met a few of my owncontemporaries — Henry Sackett, '27,Marvin Hintz, '27, Bob Harmon, '30,and Charles Smith, '34. Expect to beback in the States by summer. SanFrancisco is home and it will takeanother war to drag me away again.A. Ewing Kolb, '31APO 500San FranciscoKorean SurgeonArrived in Korea from Okinawaon October 1, 1945. Left job as ananesthetist on a thoracic surgicalteam to take position as MilitaryChief of Medical Education in Korea. Have charge of the 6 medical, 1 dental and 1 pharmacy school south 38degrees with a student of Dr. Ivy ofNorthwestern, Dr. Myung Sun Kim,and friend of Dr. A. J. Carlson,and others at the U. of C, as Koreanchief. Last November gave the firstgas anesthesia ever given in a Koreanhospital.Lt. Joseph M. Dondanville, MD '43APO 235San FranciscoShangri-LaI'll be "mister" again come 14June, 1946. Plan to stay on in Bolivia as Director of Malaria ControlOperations for the Institute of Inter-American Affairs.After six months in the Shangri La-like heights of Bolivia we are finallygetting our breath. La Paz is 12,500feet; Cochabamba is 9,000 and I haveto shuttle back and forth between thetwo. Now and then we get down tosea level — almost — when we go toBeni in northeast Bolivia. . . .Lt. Col. Thomas A. Hart, PhD '41American ConsulateCochabamba, BoliviaReport from BikiniAfter sweeping mines in the Imperial Waters of Japan for about thelast five months I now find myself atBikini Atoll engaged in the same kindof work. Of course everything we're doing here is in preparation for theatomic bomb tests to be held here.We have found only a few mines,however, but I guess all precautionsmust be taken less one of the guineapig ships to be used in the experimentis completely abolished before theatom bomb can do its work.There is considerable work beingdone here in underwater demolition.The work is being carried on in asmall scale by divers who are engagedin blasting off pinnacles of coral below the surface of the water whichjeopardize any navigation within theatoll. In view of the fact that closeto a hundred ships will be used in theexperiment, every available inch mustbe cleared.There are construction battalionson the island putting in huge concreteemplacements which will evidentlyhouse the instruments which will record the severity of the blast. Theisland has been constantly sprayedwith DDT by privateers flying infrom Eniwetok.Our work will be completed herein a matter of weeks and then we willbe headed to Subic Bay in the Philippines for decommissioning. I hopethat then I will be able to start homewith some hope of getting there.Richard L. Furry, '44, SOM2/CU.S.S. QuestBikini Atoll1THE UNIVERSITY 'OF CHICAGOMAGAZINEVolume 38 June; 1946 Number 8PUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONHOWARD W. MORT EMILY D. BROOKEEditor - Associate EditorWILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN JEANNETTE LOWREYContributing EditorsIN THIS ISSUE pageThe Problem of Palestine, A. Eustace Haydon - ------ 3Gertrude Dudley Lectureship ----- 6One Man's Opinion, William V. Morgenstern - - -. - - - - 7Pre-Fab City - - - - - 8News of the Quadrangles, Jeannette Lowrey ------ 10Quotes - - - - -------- 13The Current College Controversy, Stephen M. Corey - - - - 14Second Executive Group Graduates - - - - - - - - - -19News of the Classes - - - -. 20COVER: A. Eustace Haydon, Ph.D. '18, Professor Emeritus of Comparative Religions. In his fourth floor Swift Hall office, Dr. Haydon stands before a picture panel of 72 popular gods of China.Published by the Alumni Association of the University of Chicago monthly, from Octoberto June. Office of Publication, 5783 University Avenue, Chicago 37, Illinois. Annual subscription price $2.00. Single copies 25 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934, atthe Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under the act of March 3, 1879. The American AlumniCouncil, B. A. Rose, advertising director, 22 Washington Square, New York, N. Y., is theofficial advertising agency of the Magazine.WITH OUR ALUMNI CLUBSSeattle, WashingtonThe University of Chicago Club ofSeattle held a very successful meeting April 25*, at the Gowman Hotel.The members held a "Round Table"discussion of the question: "TheAtomic Bomb — Shall Its Researchand Development Be Limited" TheVice-president of the club, Robert F.Sandall, '15, launched the discussionwith statements concerning the May-Johnson and McMahon bills beforeCongress, and the subject was thrownopen to general discussion. To conclude the forum, the club President,Jesse N. Davis, '09, gave a summarization.The next meeting of the Seattleclub, to be held June 24, will hearLt. Col. Michael Copass, JD '30, recently returned from three years inthe South Pacific, who will speak on"Midway in the Pacific".Wichita, KansasWichita alumni were fortunate inhaving as guest speaker recently Dr.Walter Johnson of the University'sHistory Department, who was inWichita to speak before the local Rotary Club. The club held a Sundayevening supper meeting on May 26,at Droll's English Grill. Dr. Johnsonspoke on the subject: "America'sGrowing Pains". The meeting wasarranged by the President of theclub, Robert M. Moore, '21.Southern CaliforniaOver one hundred alumni from LosAngeles and the surrounding area metfor dinner at the University Club onMay 22. Guest of honor and speakerfor the evening was University Vice-president Neil H. Jacoby, who tooktime from a busy schedule to addressthe club on "The University of Chicago in 1960", and to answer questions about the University in the informal discussion which followed.The meeting was arranged by President Delvy T. Walton, JD '24.Cleveland-Akron, OhioA pleasant custom of more than adecade was continued this year whenalumni from the Cleveland and Akronareas were again guests of Univer sity Trustee Cyrus S. Eaton at apicnic at his Acadia Farm, south ofCleveland, on Sunday, June 2. Tennis, swimming, baseball, horseshoe•pitching and hiking through thewooded estate were the order of theday when the guests weren't reminiscing about their college days on theMidway.Washington, D. C.Major Paul Douglas, Professor ofEconomics at the Umversity who has been on leave for service with theU. S. Marines was guest speaker ata meeting of the University of Chicago Alumni Club of Washington,D. C. on May 15. Major Douglas,who fought in the Pacific and whosebackground gives him an unusual understanding of the economic, political and military significance of thePacific, spoke on "The Future of thePacific". V. Dodge Simons, Jr., '25,President of the club presided.1Ge2e2E2E2E2E2E222E2aE2E2E2E2E2QE3l3a3aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.•aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'iaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa wnYmYmnnnnnvmnvTHE SENATE OF THE COLLEGE DIVISION OF THEALUMNI ASSOCIATIONPresident: Frank J. Madden, '20, JD '22First Vice-president: Thomas S. Miller, '09Second Vice-president : Mrs. John Jay Berwanger, '40Secretary-Treasurer : Howard W. Mort, '29Executive CommitteeMrs. Roderick J. Macpherson, '17 Mrs. John M. Clark, '39Mrs. Hugh Riddle, '30 Mrs. James C. Plagge, '38Joseph J. Levin, '17 Robert Milow, '35Charles D. Heile, Jr., '25 Chester W. Laing, Jr., '32Miss Dorothy Jane Granquist, ' 45Class Representatives1912 Charles M. RademacherMiss Isabel F. Jarvis 1929 Robert T. McKinlayMrs. S. J. Miller1913 Chester S. BellMrs. Edgar G. Buzzell 1930 Herbert S. BeardsleyMrs. Donald Murray1914 Merle CoulterMrs. Howell W. Murray 1931 Dr. Herbert M. PhillipsMiss Marguerite L. McNall1915 Franklin B. EvansMrs. Sumner Koch 1932 Mrs. John E. AppelMiss Mary K. Flynn1916 Roderick J. MacphersonMiss Olive Greensfelder 1933 Keith I. ParsonsMrs. Fred G. Adams1917 Joseph J. LevinMrs. Roderick J. Macpherson 1934 Robert C. HeppleMrs. Bennett M. Livezey1918 John Nuveen, Jr.Mrs. George N. Simpson 1935 Major Waldemar A. SolfMrs. William E. Frye1919 Charles C. GreeneMrs. Hiram J. Smith 1936 Robert D. BeairdMiss Jeannette P. Wilson1920 Frank J. MaddenMrs. Charles G. Higgins 1937 Perry CaffertyMrs. W. D. Munroe1921 Mortimer B. HarrisMiss Maybelle I. Capron 1938 R. Burton SmithMrs. D. E. Clark1922 Brower HallMrs. Hays MacFarland 1939 Robert H. MohlmanMrs. Robert S. Davies1923 Arthur T. FathauerMiss Doris M. Strail 1940 Robert G. ReynoldsMiss Joan M. Goodwillie1924 Arthur C. CodyMiss Helen Wells 1941 John P. StevensJoseph J. Molkup1925 Fred E. LawMiss Frances J. Carter 1942 Lt. (j.g.) Calvin P. SawyierMrs. Andrew F. Stehney1926 Clifton M. UtleyMiss Rebecca E. Hey 1943 L. Dewey Norris, Jr.Miss Lois J. Stromwall1927 George A. BatesMiss Grace L. Geer 1944 Robert C. DilleMiss Mary D. Molloy1928 John J. McDonoughMrs. H. B. Stallings 1945 Miss Dorothy Jane GranquistWard J. Sharbach, Jr.Members < at Large1885 Miss Elizabeth Faulkner 1914 Earle A. Shilton1897 Donald S. Trumbull 1917 Neil F. Sammons1898 John P. Mentzer 1918 Wrisley B: Oleson1899 W. Frances Anderson 1925 Howard E. Green1900 Harry N. Gottlieb 1925 Mrs. Earle L. Slayton1901 Mrs. Sylvan Hirschberg 1925 Charles D. Heile, Jr.1903 Frank McNair 1928 Kenneth A. Rouse1904 Mrs. Howard W. Fenton 1930 Mrs. Hugh Riddle1905 Herbert I. Markham 1935 Robert W. Milow1906 Paul O. Harper 1936 Mrs. Jay Berwanger1910 Alvin F. Kramer 1937 Charles W. Greenleaf1911 S. Edwin Earle 1937 Mrs. George H. Watkins1911 Vallee Appel 1942 Mrs. Ralph C. Ashley1911 Mrs. Charles W. Gilkey 1942 Mrs. Arthur A. Goes, Jr.1914 Miss Susanne Fisher 1943 Mrs. Albert W. Sherer, Jr.&E2E^g2E2EE2E2E2E2E2E2E&E2E2E2E2™^THE PROBLEM OF PALESTINEWhile Jewsare dyingPALESTINE is such a little country to have exertedso much influence on the world. It is only tenthousand square miles in area, but on this tiny landspace lived the men who have shaped the thinking of twothousand years in the West.Since Neanderthal man wandered there, it has beena focal point for all the peoples from ancient timesuntil now. It was a world highway. Over it movedthe Hurrians, the Hyksos, the Egyptians, the Assyrians,the Babylonians; the tramp of marching armies was acommonplace for these people who tried to ma'Ke ahome in the land.There followed the Persians, Greeks, Romans, theArabs, the Crusaders, the Turks, the English, the French— all of them contributed their bodies to the enrichmentof the soil. This land is the example par excellence of amelting pot of races and peoples. Probably no windblown dust of its streets but has lived at some time inthe body of someone of the many multitudes who participated in the age-old pageant of a moving world.It was inconsiderate of the people of Israel to buildtheir home on an international highway. But duringtheir brief period of sovereignty this people made anamazing cultural contribution to mankind. There waslaid down the basic moral code and the ethical ideal thathave come down the centuries as the guide of Westernculture. There was worked out the philosophy of historywhich has been the base for all the development of theology and religious philosophy in the West until moderntimes. There are the sacred shrines of three of the greatworld religions. To this land the Jews have looked back,hoping for a return ever since the beginning of the Diaspora. "Next year in Jerusalem," they said hopefullyat two of their annual ceremonies.Arab claim groundlessThe Jews have never surrendered their claim on theland. During every century they have returned as settlers, as pilgrims or to take their final rest in the sacredsoil. They have sent back their money, but most of allthey have anchored their hearts in Palestine, waitingfor the final days of the Galuth, the coming of Messiahand the beginning of the Olam Habah.Meanwhile the land fell into decay. The earth whichthe Egyptian records describe as a land of milk andhoney, of grape vineyards and orchards, where grainwas like the sands of the sea, was allowed to become askeleton, as a biblical geographer called it — "a carcassof a land." The carefully terraced hillsides were eroded,the rivers were clogged with silt to become malarialswamps and for twelve centuries it was neglected as a • By A. EUSTACE HAYDONdead area from which all glory had departed. A fewtens of thousands of disease ridden, impoverished, andspiritless fellahin eked out a bare existence there.Palestine had no sovereignty. It was an appendix ofSyria, a neglected part of one dynasty after another.Only for a short period did the Arabs rule the land, andthen from the more important center in Syria with itscapital at Damascus. An Arab claim to ownership ofthe land is groundless. Since the early part of the 16thcentury it was part of* the domain of the Turks, whosurrendered their authority at the close of World War I.Then Palestine acquired as sovereignty, given at the PeaceConference and by the League of Nations mandate toGreat Britain to be held in trust as an area devoted to anational home for the Jewish people. There were twoprovisions expressly stated: nothing should be done tojeopardize the civil or religious rights of the non- Jewishpeople in the land; and nothing to prejudice the rightsand status of Jews in other lands outside of Palestine.Arabs approved Jewish HomeThe Mandate was not well administered. When itwas given, the British promised the Arabs control of theNear Eastern areas, with a chance for an Arab futurebut with the careful exclusion of Palestine, which wasreserved for the Jewish homeland. At that time KingHussein and Emir Feisel expressed their approval in thename of the Arabs of the establishment of a Jewish home.The Arab spokesmen at the Peace Conference wereequally favorable. If the Mandate had been vigorouslyadministered from the beginning, there would have beenno question of an Arab opposition.The philosophy of the Arab inclines him to accept anestablished fact as the will of Allah. But promises to theArabs were broken. King Hussein was displaced by IbnSaud and the quarrels of the Arab Dynasties made themresentful of any favors given to the Jews. The period ofappeasement of the Arab began which has continueduntil today. Of course the way was opened for theentrance of a half-million Jews and the expenditure ofsix hundred millions of Jewish dollars and the beginningof a magnificent achievement in the building of the newhome — the reconstitution of the culture of Judaism. Butwith every outburst of violence from the Arab Effendithere came a conciliation, and the price was paid bythe peaceful Jews.Following his retirement last June; A. Eustace Haydon(Comparative Religions) became "Leader" of the Chicago Ethical Society. In his December second addressbefore this group last winter he spoke on "The Problemof Palestine." Since Palestine currently is the same problem it was on December 2, and because Dr. Haydon isqualified to give an historical background as well as express strong convictions, we have secured his permissionto publish the address just as it was delivered in December.34 THE UNIVERSITY OFThere followed a long series of delaying tactics in theworking out of the Mandate — commissions of investigation, of inquiry, Royal Commissions — suggesting evenpartition, which pleased no one. At last it was decidedthat the Mandate was unworkable. The White Paperof 1939 was a confession of failure. It provided for theend of Jewish immigration in the summer of 1944 andthe end of land purchase by the Jews — except as theArabs would consent to either. Meanwhile a last 75,000Jews were to be admitted before the doors were finallyclosed. This decision meant that the Arabs would alwayshave a majority and when self-government was granted.it would be a state under Arab control. It was a tragicdecision coming just at the time when the Jews wereentering upon the most disastrous persecution of theirlong and doleful martyrdom.The White Paper met opposition everywhere. It wasdenounced by Winston Churchill as a betrayal of thegiven pledge of Britain; it was denounced by Mr. Amery;Mr. Morrison of the Labor Party gave warning that aLabor government would not consider it binding. ArthurGreenwood, Field Marshal Smuts, Viscount Robert Cecil,the British Labor Party raised their voices in protest.Senator Wagner's Commitee in America lined up againstit two-thirds of the Senate, two hundred members ofthe House of Representatives, the two major labor organizations, twenty governors of states, thousands ofcollege professors and leaders in other areas of Americanlife, some 3000 Christian ministers. The Permanent Mandate Commission of the League denounced it as a betrayal of the terms of the Mandate. Yet it was put intoeffect. Only the other day, the American Houses ofCongress reaffirmed United States support of the originalmandate.Appeasement leads to blackmailWhy this failure of a great idealistic program? Therewere many reasons which do not usually enter into apresentation of the difficulties. It is usual to refer toArab opposition, and there is no doubt that the feudalrulers of the Arab States were opposed. But why shouldthe Arabs have been able to apply blackmail? Whyshould violence have been fed with prizes? Why shouldthe peoples who were the enemies or the passive observers in two world wars be given special favors?Arabs fought with the enemies of the Allies in bothwars. The Grand Mufti of the Palestinian Arabs wasan avowed enemy, broadcast for the Nazis and endedas a guest of Adolph Hitler. The Jews, on the otherhand, were on the Allied side in both wars and in thislast conflict gave a glorious account of themselves. Theyprovided materials that would have been difficult to procure without their help. They sent thirty thousand meninto the war zones and the Jewish girls won lavish praisefor their service in driving the lorries that supplied theAfrican armies. Yet the Arabs were rewarded and thepatient Jews snubbed. Why?Under everything there runs the sinister trail of oil.The Arab countries were the reservoirs of the Near CHICAGO MAGAZINEEastern supply. Palestine was the outlet for the oil.Moreover, Palestine was a strategic point for the Mediterranean fleet. Again, Palestine is an essential link inthe life line of Empire, a vital point in the protection ofthe path to India and the East. Professor Friedrich addsthat trouble in Palestine was an easy justification for themaintenance of a military force to protest Empire interests in the Middle Eastern area. A further and moresaddening reason was the indifference and isolationism^ of America. We talked favorably but we were alwaysunwilling to assume any responsibility for implementingour words.Disagreement among JewsAnother trouble was the disagreement among the Jewsthemselves. The Anti-Zionist Jews were afraid that aggressive action in pushing the Mandate might make thesituation of Jews in other lands more difficult. Anti-semitism might gain in power if the Jews made themselvesconspicuous in their fight for Palestine. This commentaryon western culture is disheartening. Why should Jewsfeel any less completely American, with all the rightsto full freedom, than any other group of this land ofkaleidoscopic strains? Why should anyone in this landfeel under the necessity of seeking cover, for the sake ofa chance to live? Yet there were powerful groups whosupported the denial of the Jewish right to a Jewish stateand were lukewarm to the idea of a cultural center.Even Zionists dividedThere were also divisions among the Zionists themselves: (a) the Jewish Agency spoke for the majority ofPalestinian Jews — looking for the continuation of immigration and the eventual time when the Jews would bea majority in Palestine and able to enter upon self-government and so fulfill what they felt was the meaning ofthe Mandate, the establishment of a Jewish Commonwealth. Always the further idea was in mind, that theMandate required careful consideration of the equalrights of the Arab citizens of the land; (b) the Revisionists wrere unqualified advocates at once of a Jewish statewith its Jewish Army. They want the boundaries ofPalestine revised to include Transjordan. They wereten percent strong; (c) Dr. Judah Magnes was advocating a bi-national state. He was convinced that the Arabswould never consent to a Palestine ruled by a Jewish majority. He advocated the introduction of enough Jewsto bring the two peoples to parity and thereafter enoughJewish immigration to equalize the greater birth rate ofthe Arabs. These three groups were in conflct.While all of them agreed on the main objectives andall of them kept up a steady stream of appeal and protestagainst the dilatory policy of the Mandate power, theirinternal disagreements gave ground for an argument infavor of more recognition of the Arab problem.Now at last a new deal is in prospect. The action ofthe Labor Party on assuming power was a great disappointment to all the friends of Palestine including theextra-parliamentary members of the Labor Party. TheyTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 5seem to be weighted with the seriousness of the responsibility of office. Yet in the program worked out in consultation with America, there may be promise of a betterfuture.The Zionists have been bitter regarding it — classifyingit as merely another evasion. They are weary of thesecommittees of inquiry. But there are gains. They seemto have by-passed the White Paper of 1939 to make anew start. They have remedied the great defect of theold Mandate administration by drawing America intoresponsibility for support of whatever decision may bereached. And they have implied that the autority of theUnited Nations Organization will be behind its implementation.The meager fifteen hundred Jews a month to be admitted to Palestine is a travesty of human mercy. Yetthey have promised a survey of the facts of the total situation — with *a canvass of the possibilities of opening upother countries to the Jews. If they do survey all thefacts and begin with the basic fact of the Mandate command that Palestine is to be a national home for theJews and that immigration is to be facilitated corresponding to the economic absorptive power of the land, thedecision has every chance of being a new start towardthe realization of the Zionist's dream.A new Judaism — an effective democracyIn any consideration of the future of Palestine, thefollowing possibilities should have consideration: (1)Palestine as a Jewish cultural center. It was this idealthat captured the imagination of the Jewish people andwon even opponents of Zionism to the cause. There wasgreat danger that one of the most creative streams oflife was to bury itself in the sands of futility. The Jewof the Diaspora cannot be creative as a Jew. WhenHerzl proposed a political state for the Jews in Palestine, Ahad Ha'am said, "This is not the way." Only aJudaism that has recovered its soul can be effective insaving the Jews. But if the Jews of Palestine can becreative as a living people, in a land where they feel athome, working out a world view, an ideal and programwhich will be a modern way of life for the Jew, the newJudaism may be as significant for the world of today asJudaism of the past was to the world of yesterday.The result will not be pleasing to the orthodox Jew,nor to the Reform Jew, nor to the Conservative Jew ofthe Diaspora because it will probably be new and not acontinuation of any form of Judaism of the past. Theymay not need the God of Israel's past; they will have noneed of the old laws which enfolded and protected theJews in exile. They will create new festivals, new mores,new codes of living, for they will be the living expressionof a living people moving into a new era. Such an adventure will be of remarkable value to the cultural world— adding a new color to the mosaic of a united world andgiving leadership in the facing of modern problems whichare problems for all mankind.(2) Palestine may be a demonstration of democracy in action. These youthful builders of the new homelandare not ordinary folk. They are men and women dedicated to an ideal. They did not go to Palestine to finda comfortable living* or to make money — they went tomake a land fertile, to build into actuality a dream.Thirty per cent of them live in communal settlements andthere are many experiments in many forms of cooperation. Moreover, in subservience to the prescriptions ofthe Mandate, the Jewish Commonwealth has laid downguiding principles to make democracy effective.There must be real equality in education, in the standard of life by social organization and economic development; equality of all citizens, Jewish and non- Jewishalike; special provisions for the cultural, religious andcommunal autonomy of the non- Jewish communities; recognition of Arabic as an official language; an Arab educational system parallel to the Jewish.The fact that the Jews have been practicing in actionthe principles proposed is revealed by the report ofMr. I. Stone, who says that a journey from one end ofPalestine to the other gave evidence of the most friendlyrelations between the two peoples; there was no dislikeand no prejudice on either side. Moreover, that theArabs like the presence of the Jews, the improvement inhealth conditions, in living standard, in opportunity, inwage scale, is shown by the increase in the number ofArabs in Palestine since the coming of the Jews. So farfrom wanting to avoid the Jews, they have flocked infrom all the adjacent lands to share in the better life.The fact that the ordinary Arab finds it pleasant to sharethe new Jewish homeland and the pledge of the Jewishleaders to maintain equality of opportunity may give tothe future a guarantee. We may see democracy really atwork in this land and the world may find inspirationfrom this demonstration.Redeem hopeless land(3) Palestine may be a center from which to radiateeconomic and social salvation to the whole Arab areaof the Middle East. The economic development inPalestine has been an epic achievement. In fact thereare some observers who say that the fear of this economyspreading its influence to the Arab masses in the Effendiridden environing lands is what makes the chiefs of theArab state so hostile.The Jews have demonstrated the possibilities that liein all lands of the Middle East. They have redeemedthe most hopeless of all the areas, a land that none ofthe rulers considered worthy of any high esteem. Theyhave drained malarial swamps and made them rich withgrain; they have planted the eroded hills with growingforests; they have developed vast areas of fruit trees;they have erected thriving cities, established flourishingbusinesses; they have harnessed the water power of theJordan to supply the land with electrical power; theyhave built irrigation systems to make the desert tractsspring into bloom; they have set up plants to extractthe mineral wealth of the Dead Sea. The rivalry of6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEemulation is already showing itself in Egypt and otherlands.If Dr. Lowdermilk's program for the Jordan ValleyAuthority were carried through, Palestine could providefor the life needs of five million people; Trans- Jordan,which ought to belong to Palestine, could support fivetimes its present population. Here then is the salvationprogram for the Middle East. The other lands now inpoverty, with the common people subsisting in a subhuman level, could be made as prosperous as Palestineby following her lead. There would be room for thirtymillion Arabs, living in excellent economic condition.If the leaders of the United Nations are seeking fora basic solution of the Arab problem and the final quietusof the danger involved in the turbulent Middle East, theywould push the Palestinian work forward and spreadthe pattern to the other waiting lands. Then there wouldbe no need for the Arabs to begrudge the Jews the littleland of Palestine. The attitude of Hassein and Feiselwhen they were presented with a million square mileswhile the Jews received ten thousand might be restoredto the Arab leaders. With abundance for all, the reasonsfor rivalry would be over.(4) Palestine should be considered as a source of reinforcement for the Jews of all the world. It is no littlething to man to be able to look with pride to the homeland from which his people came. The American ofBritish, French, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian ancestryfeels a sense of greater importance because of the achievements of these lands. He is not less a loyal American.He has no desire to return. He is entirely at home here,but there is a dignity and sense of pride in the land fromwhich he sprang. So the Jew should have a pride in hisheritage and in its continued vitality in a reconstitutedPalestine. He would have a new dignity and a feelingof joy that like all other peoples, his own people weremaking a contribution to the advance of world culture.We must hurryAll of these things are worthy of consideration in anysolution of the problem of Palestine, but they are longrange projects. They may be able to wait for the careful measuring of the makers of the future plan. Butthere is one fact that cannot wait — the desperate plightof displaced Jews who face death if they do not find aplace of refuge. This fact cannot be a matter of diplo-In the June, 1945, issue of the Magazine, announcementwas made of the death of Gertrude Dudley, for many yearshead of the Department of Physical Education for Women.In connection with the announcement a suggestion wasoffered that those who wished to mark their respect andaffection for Miss Dudley might like at that time to contribute to a small fund to be used for the library at theSettlement — -the remembrance to take this form becauseof Miss Dudley's work at the library after her retirement.The response to this suggestion, over the year which hasintervened, has been larger than was expected, amounting to $410.00, coming from 23 donors. Meanwhile friends matic bargaining; it is not a matter for political barter;it is a fact calling for immediate action; it will not brookdelay.The Jews are dying. It would be a cruel, cosmic ironyif the chief sufferers of the war were to be made also themain victims of the peace. In all the countries of Europe,the tide of anti-semi tism is growing higher — they are notable to travel, they are not allowed to go to their formerhomes; if they do return they cannot recover their property or reestablish their business or find any welcome fromtheir former townsmen. Even the Jews who worked inthe underground find that the very men who were theirformer comrades in danger are afraid to associate withthem. They are few in number at the best.The Nazi brutality succeeded in destroying nearly sixmillion Jews, more than a third of the Jews in the world.And now, except in Russia and the United States andBritain, they are in constant danger of death. Starvationand fear haunt them. In all European countries they areregistering for admission to Palestine. Mr. Truman's commission reported one hundred thousand among the detention camps for displaced persons who have no hopeexcept the admission cards to Palestine. He asked fortheir immediate admission but yielded to Mr. Attlee.This is the one issue that cannot be evaded.It would be only just and humane if the Americanand British doors were thrown open to them. But onthis issue we are not just and humane. They must waitfor the quota. But in Palestine their friends are waitingto welcome them, to give them shelter, enfolding friendship and the guarantee of a secure life. There they arewanted — and no power on earth should be allowed toprevent their going. As John P. Lewis has said, "Youjust can't go on telling people that there is no place onearth where they can live."This is a question of humanity, a matter of humanlives, a challenge to the conscience of Christendom. Thevoice of every one of us should be heard, in the demandthat the doors be opened for these hunted people whowant to go home. There should be no rest for any ofus until these wanderers find a place to lay their heads.And we must hurry. The larger issues of the Problem ofPalestine can endure more weathering by time. Thiscannot. Human lives are flickering out while we wait.We must appeal for action — now.of Miss Dudley's have developed a plan for a memorialof wider scope.. This is to take the form of a GertrudeDudley Lectureship on the quadrangles. A considerablesum has already been raised for this admirable purpose.Inasmuch as it would seem unfortunate for Miss Dudley'sfriends to divide their efforts to honor her memory, it isnow proposed that the $410.00 become a part of the lectureship fund. Letters have been sent out to the small-fund donors asking their permission to transfer the gifts.The gift of any person riot desiring such transfer will beused for the original purpose. It is hoped, however, thatthe larger plan will meet with united approval.GERTRUDE DUDLEY LECTURESHIPONE MAWS OPINION• By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN, '20, J.D. '22THE corrupting influence of the "great books" isspreading rapidly, as so many other of the ideasfostered by the University of Chicago tend to do. •For a good many years the contention of Mr. Hutchinsthat the great books were worthy of serious attentionwas greeted raucously by various noisy individuals inthe academic sphere. Though Stringfellow Barr andScott Buchanan, after some years on the Midway, wentoff to St. John's to organize a curriculum based on thegreat books, both the educational world and the publicat large generally tended to regard these works assomething merely to add dignity to library shelves.There has been an undergraduate course in the greatbooks at the University of Chicago since about 1931,with Mr. Hutchins and Mr. Mortimer Adler teaching it.Mr. Adler, exposed to the great books during his daysat Columbia, was the one who aroused enthusiasm forthem in Mr. Hutchins. Several years ago, a special classof adults was organized for a bi-weekly course downtown,its membership consisting of prominent and successfulcitizens who could in no sense be considered remote fromthe realities of life. The fame of this class spread fast,and soon other prominent and successful citizens werevainly demanding admission. Even before this, a classhad been offered in University College, without theattraction of the Hutchins- Adler names. This courseambled along until the autumn of 1944, when therewas a sudden surge that put the enrollment up to 350.Again last autumn there was another bulge, with eightsections in the first-year class, and six for the second-year reading list, with registration averaging 35 in eachsection.An even more important development last autumnwas the community great books course, which extendedfrom Kenosha to Gary in thirty-four classes. The Chicago Public Library, local school systems and libraries,churches, and community centers sponsored these classes,with University College cooperating by training thevolunteers to lead the classes. A great books course is nottaught; it is led by two individuals who are under strictinjunction not to lecture. One of the annoying assertionsmade about the value of the great books classes by theirproponents is that they need not be conducted by professional teachers, but can be guided successfully by anyreasonably intelligent and articulate individual who canread a book and understand what it says. This premisehas been greeted skeptically by educators, but the assorted lawyers, librarians, and business men who have beencarrying on the Chicago community program have demonstrated that it can be done. Some do it with moreskill than others, but anyone who can keep the discussion on the track and moving with questions can' runa profitable class. As in any kind of education, it iswhat the students put into it that counts. The heresy of the great books will be carried to Cleveland, Detroit, and Indianapolis this autumn. In each ofthese cities, training classes have been conducted sincewinter for approximately 90 leaders, and minimum enrollments of 1,200 are contemplated for Cleveland andDetroit, with 800 in Indianapolis. The Chicago community program will run 18 second-year classes and atleast 40 first-year groups. Altogether, there will bebetween 3,500 and 6,000 adults spending two hoursevery other week in the discussions, as well as another750 or so taking the University College classes. In thecommunity courses, there are no fees of any kind; thesponsoring organization provides the room and the instructors serve without pay.There are casualties in the enrollment, just as thereare in college, but the losses are no greater than theynormally are in full-time education. About one- third ofthe students are lost along the way; most of them dropout very quickly near the start. It has been so long sincethey have read anything dealing with ideas that discouragement is rapid. Some find themselves, because oflong neglect, unable to articulate their ideas in a waytheir classmates will not quickly tear to shreds. Thosewho survive the first shock, however, stay on, and theirprogress after the first three or four sessions is evident.Obviously, 3,500 or even 6,000 people are an insignificant part of the total population, and whatever thevirtues of the great books, not enough to achieve influence in the nation's policy. But there already wereenough students this year to cause difficulty in findingthe great books in sufficient quantities to meet the demand. It has been necessary for University College toplanograph several of the more scarce works,. and moreof that production will be required this year. The greatbooks were available in inexpensive editions before thewar, but the. loss of plates and the shortage of papermeans scarcity of these editions for some time.Mr. Hutchins has been saying for years that something should be done about the education of adults. Hehas become more insistent recently in pointing out thatif the country is to meet the problems it faces somethingdrastic must be done about educating the adults, if onlybecause there will not be enough time- to wait for therising generation to take charge. He thinks the greatbooks are the best device for adult education, becausein them great minds deal with great questions that havetroubled mankind even before Socrates stood on a streetcorner. Alumni, either hostile or curious about theeffects of the great books, now have an opportunity inChicago, Cleveland, Detroit, and Indianapolis, to enrollin a community class, and at the expense of relativelyfew hours a week, determine for themselves just howmuch of a medievalist Mr. Hutchins is.7PRE-FAB CITY;- Something new has been added tothe University of Chicago quadrangles. It's Prc-Fab City with allthe atmosphere of home — sweethome. There 189 veterans, studyingfor AB's AM's or PhD's, reside withtheir wives and namesakes.But to believe Pre-Fab City is tosee it. Therefore, in full agreementwith the Chinese proverb that onepicture is worth 10,000 words, webring you in this issue the equivalentof 60,000 words — six pictures fromGreenwood Field.Introducing the AhrensAnd speaking of the Chinese, mavwe present to you James R. Ahrens,who served with the AAF intelligence in China, his wife Jerry and theirchildren, two-year-old Martha and6-month-old Martin from St. Louis,Missouri — a typical veteran family.The Ahrens were among the firstto move into Pre-Fab City — the cityof cream colored cottages, set row onrow. A former law student at theUniversity, Ahrens had high priorityfor occupancy. Houses have beenrented first to veterans who were former students. Need is also a criterionin choosing the renters.Two Bedroom Units Rent for $45Because of their two children, theAhrens have two bedrooms in addition to their living-room kitchenetteand bath. Their $45 a month rent in-Reading down:Line drawing of individual family units.Mrs. Donald Hawkins, whose husband is a law student and a formerarmy officer, steps out from a full line of clothesMrs. Robert S. Benton, whose husband, a captain, got his AM in anthropology here, chats with Mrs. James Ahrens over the backfenceScreening out the kitchen was achieved by the Ahrens with an inlaidstone screen James brought back from China.Studying law becomes a family project as the Ahrens, Martha, James,Jerry, and young Martin "take to the books".Photos courtesy of Chicago TribuneU**5 n."f 11eludes electricity, fuel for heating(coal or oil) and cooking (electricity)and complete furnishings.The furniture includes: day-bed,light colored wood table, host andhostess chair, and two straight chairsin the living room kitchenette andtwin beds and a chest of drawers ineach bedroom. The built-in featuresincludes bookcases, kitchen cupboardsand sink, and closet tie and shoeracks. Just outside the door (see diagram) there's also locker space.Every bit of book space in the JohnA. Lacey home (one bedroom unit —$40) is filled to capacity, for Lacey,a navy lieutenant who served inChina, has more than 2,000 bookslining his pre-fab. Among his booksare rare statutes and records of theMing dynasty. Lacey, of Ashland,Ohio, who is also a former studentat the University, is studying for hisPhD in Chinese. Bride, Groom, First ResidentsThe first couple to move into theGreenwood site were newly-weds3 theHarold Greenbergers. Greenberger,who was a technical sergeant, servedalmost two years with the SignalCorps in the European theater andis a graduate student in economics.His wife, the former Pauline HarrisGoldstein, '44, is head of the Encyclopaedia Britannica Library ResearchService.Friendliness prevails in the city.Wives are getting acquainted "overthe backfence" in the laundry roomwhere there are automatic washingmachines, around the children's playpens, and at aluminum demonstrations. The husbands, in spite of thefact that they moved in just at thetime for comprehensives and quarterlies, have established in what theaterthe neighbor served and his viewson cutting the lawn and gardening. There's the usual amount of borrowing from the neighbors, and it'salready an established fact that Edward Umberger of Lebanon, Pennsylvania, is a carpenter-wizard. Umberger, who is studying for the PhD inmathematics and who served in theCarribean theater, makes a hobby ofrefinishing antique furniture. Hisother hobbies are playing the clarinetand collecting classic clarinet records.Additional Housing inNegotiationIn addition to Pre-Fab City on theGreenwood Field, two other sectionshave been built up and others arelocated between Maryland and Cottage Grove Avenues at 59th Streetand at Drexel Avenue and 60thStreet.Facilities for 300 additional students, 200 families and 100 singleveterans, are under negotiation.NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLESAtomic Power for PeacetimeTHE world's first atomic pile specifically plannedto produce power, which was designed at the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University — the nervecenter for the production of the atomic bomb — is nowat the blue-print stage, Farrington Daniels, director ofthe laboratory and one of the designers, announced thismonth.Unlike the piles used in the production of the atomicbomb, the experimental power plant pile, Dr. Danielsstates, will be operated at a high temperature. The lowtemperature at which piles have been operated in theproduction of fissionable material used in the bomb isnot efficient when heat for power is the aim.Since the first pile in history was put into operation ina squash racquets court on Stagg Field December 2,1942, by Enrico Fermi, Nobel-prize physicist, scientistsin the laboratory have been looking forward to harnessing atomic energy for peacetime purposes. Workon the proposed atomic power plant blueprints has hadfull support in the laboratory since the close of the war.Working with Dr. Daniels, who is on leave from theUniversity of Wisconsin, are: John E. Willard, alsoon leave from Wisconsin, Clyde A. Hutchison, DonaldJ. Hughes, and Walter Zinn, on leave from the Institute for Nuclear Studies, Robert G. Sachs, AlexanderRobertson, L. A. Ohlinger, Gale Young, Eugene P.Wigner, Alexander Langsdorf, and Gregory Breit of thelaboratory."Using piles similar to those now built, atomic energycannot, however, be used economically in this countryin competition with coal," Dr. Daniels said. "The powerplant," he added, "should be viewed as experimental —a pilot plant from which knowledge will be derived forsubsequent development and exploratory work."New developments may bring the cost of atomicpower down to a point where it can supplement coaland water power, but since the cost of fuel, in this country, is only about one-fifth of the total cost of generatingelectricity, no great reduction in cost could be expectedeven if atomic power should become cheaper than coal."It is for outlying regions where transportation is difficult and for locations where neither coal nor waterpower is easily available that atomic power plants willprobably find their first use."Announcement that the experimental power pile wouldbe constructed at Oak Ridge, Tenn., in one of twohuge plants built for production of the bomb, was recently made by Major General Leslie R. Groves, chiefof the Manhattan Project. Cost of the power experiment will be approximately 2^4 million dollars, GeneralGroves said. • By JEANNETTE LOWREYThe" pile will be based, he stated, on investigationscarried out at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University, and will employ scientific principles utilized inthe 'Chicago pile where Fermi achieved the first chainreaction, the Clinton Laboratories, where the first experimental quantities of plutonium were made, and the full-scale pile at Hanford, Washington, where plutoniumis produced.'Like Father — Like SonJames Parker HallJames Parker Hall, 40, of Clark, Dodge and Company, New York, has been appointed treasurer of theUniversity of Chicago, effective July 8, William McCormick Blair, chairman of the committee on financeand investment of the board of trustees announced. Anofficer of the board, the treasurer of the University is incharge of its investments and funds.Mr. Hall, whose father was the late James ParkerHall, authority on constitutional law and dean of theUniversity's law school from 1904 to 1928, received hisbachelor's degree from the University of Chicago in1927 and his master's degree in finance from HarvardBusiness school in 1929.He succeeds Lloyd R. Steere, who retires after 20 yearsin the position with emeritus status. Mr. Steere joined10THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 11the University of Chicago in 1926 after serving as vice-president of the Miami Corporation and a trust officerwith Central Trust Company of Illinois.Head of research and statistical analysis at Clark,Dodge and Company, Mr. Hall has had 17 years ofexperience on Wall Street in all phases of securities,investment banking and stock and bond brokerage business. He was associated with A. Iselin vand Companyfrom 1933 to 1935 and with j: and W. Seligman andCompany from 1929 to 1933.He is a former president of the University of ChicagoClub of New York and a member of the Alumni Foundation Board. His wife is the former Frances Lewis ofVicksburg, Mississippi, and they have three sons.One Hundred Million VoltsA 100-million volt betatron, which will be used forinvestigations that may reveal the key to the riddle ofnuclear forces, has been purchased for the Institute forNuclear Studies from General Electric Company,Samuel K. Allison, director, revealed this month."Exciting atomic nuclei, with the betatron, to suchenergies that mesons (facsimile of cosmic radiations)are emitted constitutes one of the most fascinating possibilities of the high energy field," Prof. Allison said indiscussing the purchase.The betatron, which will be delivered some time nextyear, will be used primarily by Marcel Schein, cosmicray expert who artificially produced mesons on G. E.'sbetatron (University of Chicago Magazine, March,1946), Enrico Fermi, Charles H. Swift distinguishedservice professor, and graduate students conducting advanced research studies."If mesons are produced in the laboratory, it is likely,"Prof. Allison stated, "that their study and consequentunderstanding of nuclear forces will progress at enormously faster rates than is made possible by the accumulation of evidence on cosmic ray particles."Apart from these possibilities, the betatron will alsoprovide a great number of interesting objectives for thephysics of high nuclear excitations. It is fair to expect,"he states, "that a neutron excited to an energy of theorder of 100 Mev will literally go to pieces, yielding alarge number of new particles. The investigation of thesetransmutation phenomena of much greater complexitythan any that have been known until now will offer analmost unlimited field for the physicist and chemist."The betatron will be housed in a specially constructedbuilding on the Midway. Through later modificationsof the instrument, voltages as high as 160,000,000 voltsmay be attained on the betatron. During the period ofthe manufacture of the betatron, the Institute will design and construct auxiliary apparatus for the examination of the new particles produced by the fragmentation of nuclei caused by the betatron action.Large Wilson cloud chambers, operating with a mag netic field up to 10,000 gauss, will be constructed fordetecting equipment. A mass spectrograph for the simultaneous determination of mass and energy of the mesons,counters, ionization chambers and electronic equipmentare also planned for use in research with the betatron.Fall Admission Requirements *Only high school sophomores and juniors, who enterthe first or second year of the College, below the levelat which the flood of veterans seek admission, can beaccepted for the September, 1946, entering class of th^College, President Ernest C. Colwell announced."For the next few years at least, it appears that boysand girls now in high school will have little likelihoodof entering the College of the University unless they doso upon completion of the sophomore or junior year ofhigh school," President Colwell said. "By providing considerable additional housing facilities and increasing thefaculty, it has been possible to provide for a total studentbody in the College of 2,500 this September, but applications have been more than five times the openings fornew students."Applications have not been closed in the divisions, norin the professional schools, though such action probablvwill be required.Mr. Gustavson Goes to NebraskaFirst head of the University of Colorado, then Executive Vice-president and Dean of Faculties of the University of Chicago, and now Chancellor of the Universityof Nebraska — that is the administrative story of ReubenG. Gustavson, Ph.D. '25.The appointment of Vice-president Gustavson as theCornhusker university chancellor was announced May20, and will be effective for the fall term. He succeedsChauncey Boucher, who is retiring because of ill health.An eminent chemist, Dr. Gustavson arrived on theMidway last July, just a month before the atomic bombwas dropped on Hiroshima. Since then he has beenthe atomic spokesman for the University.He has also served as liaison officer between the Metallurgical Laboratory and the University and as champion for civilian control of atomic energy.It is with a great deal of regret that the University hasaccepted the resignation of Dr. Gustavson. It is withthe University's best wishes for his continued success thathe goes west.Thomas Mann Makes a PromiseConvalescing at Albert Merritt Billings Hospital,where he had had a major chest operation, Dr. ThomasMann of Nobel-literature fame, granted the press aninterview the day of his discharge.The interview, which was probably one of the most"charming" in the history of Chicago press conferences,was participated in by Dr. Mann, his wife, and daughters Erika and Elizabeth (Mrs. G. A. Borgese). Two12 THE UNIVERSITY OFother Manns were also present — David Mann, Sun photographer, and Joseph Mann, Daily News reporter."A blending of the ideologies of the western democracies and of Russia is necessary to insure world peace,"Dr. Mann stated. "Democracy has made progress in thelast few years, and people of Europe want a form ofdemocracy that combines democracy and Socialism."And that is my idea, too," the eminent novelist stated."And that is the way of an understanding betweenRussia and the rest of the world. It is my hope and conviction that Russia will become more democratic andthat the Western powers will become more Socialisticand that they will meet."He also declared that "something like a world government is absolutely necessary if mankind is to survive.""Necessity and impossibility are facing one another,and it is a very sinister situation, indeed. Although democracy is an ideal that has not been fulfilled on earth,it will come some day, I am convinced."On his return to his home in Pacific Palisades, California, where he has "the most beautiful study he hasever had," Dr. Mann will finish his new novel, Dr.Faustus. He described the book as a modern fictionalbiography of a German composer. "It is the story," hesaid, "of a man who died just before Hitler took over,told by an admirer, and is deeply connected with thedestiny of Germany.""After Dr. Faustus, I will not attempt any big books."Mrs. Mann, her brown eyes sparkling interposed in theinterview at this point to remind her husband "that hispromise meant little. The Magic Mountain started outas a short story."Blough, Finer Join FacultySecretary Vinson's tax expert, Roy Blough, who isdirector of tax research in the United States department of the treasury, has been appointed Professor ofEconomics and Political Science on the Midway, andHerman Finer, visiting lecturer of Harvard, a Professorof Political Science. Appointment of the two new staffmembers in the Division of Social Sciences will be effective October 1, 1946.Prof. Blough, who received his master's and doctor'sdegrees from the University of Wisconsin in 1922 and1929 respectively, and his bachelor's degree from Manchester College (Indiana), joined the Treasury De-partment in 1938. His previous appointments were:Associate Professor of Economics, University of Cincinnati, 1932-38; tax expert, Wisconsin State Tax Commission, 1927-1932; and Associate Professor of Historyand Economics, Manchester College, 1922-1925.Prof. Finer, a Britisher who served as a visiting Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicagoin 1935, 1941, and 1942, received his doctor of sciencedegree in economics from the London School of Economics in 1924. He was a reader in public administration in the London School from 1933-42 and visiting CHICAGO MAGAZINElecturer at Harvard University from 1944-46. He hasserved as a consultant for the International LaborOffice.Tower of BabelifDr. John A. Wilson, Ph.D. "26, director of the OrientalInstitute, (third from left), poses with members of the Iraqdepartment of antiquities before a ziggurat, or "Tower ofBabel," in Aqar Quf, about 20 miles west of Baghdad.The above occasion was a party to welcome Prof.Wilson on his recent trip to the Near-East to study thepossibilities of Chicago archeology in that area. Themassive ruin from the time of the Kassites, about 1500,is being excavated under the direction of Taha Baqir,AM '38. (last in row). Plans for University field expeditions in the coming autumn and winter will soon beannounced by Dr. Wilson, whose four month trip tookhim to Egypt, Palestine, Transjordan, Lebanon, Syria,and Iraq.Toujours GaiArchy, the cockroach Voltaire, in his capacity as aroach about town was born too early to tell the cockroach story at the University of Chicago. Had he livedtoday, he'd probably written a sermon pouring out hiscontempt for scientists who experiment on roaches andlauding the intelligence of purchasing agents who knowthe University's business.The cockroach story on the Midway pertains to agroup of physiologists working in the toxicity laboratory(February, 1946), a secretary with an eagle eye onexpenditures, and the purchasing agent.The American cockroach — some of them perhapsdescendants of Don Marquis' Archy — had been selectedfor wartime experimentation, and a graduate zoologystudent had offered to supply the insects to the labora-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 13tory. A secretary was instructed to reimburse the studentat three cents a live cockroach.All went well until the secretary felt that the expenditure was getting beyond her petty cash box. The scientists were using between three hundred and five hundred roaches a week.The scientists called the purchasing agent into thepicture. He took the order for cockroaches in his stride,but balked when he learned that he was to pay for theUniversity's own property — cockroaches from the basement of Zoology Hall.The scientists' dilemma — not the cockroaches' —was solved, however. It was decided to put the studenton the toxicity laboratory payroll — his title, cockroachcatcher.Etc.Marcel Dupre, organist of the Church of Saint Sul-pice in Paris and one of the world's most noted Bachplayers, will be in residence at the University from June24 to July 27, and will give three all-Bach recitals duringthat period . . . Ralph Kirkpatrick, American harpsichordist, will also play four recitals of Bach's keyboardmusic between June 28 and July 9. Together Mr. DupreQUOTES _From a recent article in The Missionary Herald by Walter Horton,Professor of Philosophy, Christianity,and Christian Ethics at OberlinGraduate School of Theology.Harvard has set up a new board of "General Education" almost amounting to a new department, and havingsix out of the sixteen courses required of all undergraduates.Basic to all those six courses are three general coursesrequired of all: a general course in natural science, onein social science (where a comprehensive study of modern Western civilization is made) and, above all, the onein the humanities, where "great texts" of literature arestudied including Homer, the Greek tragedians, the Bible,Dante, Shakespeare, Milton and Tolstoy. The strongemphasis here lies on a restored knowledge of the classicsof the great tradition, somewhat as in the "Great Books"curriculum at St. John's.At Yale, several alternative curricula are to be tested,but the important new experiments include the building of a strong department of religion and the use ofphilosophy to show the integrated meaning and bearingof the natural and social sciences for life as a whole.At Princeton, the departments of history, philosophyand religion are to be treated as the three great integrating departments, through whose aid the interrelationand bearing of all other studies are to be grasped. Integration, interpretation, evaluation, appreciation of life'sbasic meanings, are the emphases that run through allthese experiments. and Mr. Kirkpatrick will bring to public performancefor the first time all of the music included in the Clavierubung, a collection of organ and harpsichord musicpublished in four installments during Bach's lifetime. . . .Bernard Berelson, Ph.D. '41, formerly with the foreign broadcast intelligence service of the Federal Communications Commission, has been appointed an Assistant Professor of Education and Library Science.Milton Friedman, AM '35, associate professor of economics and statistics at the University of Minnesota, hasbeen made an Associate Professor of Economics. Theappointments will be effective this fall.. ...Dr. Anton J. Carlson, Frank P. Hixon DistinguishedService Professor Emeritus of Physiology, has been appointed chairman of the council of the American AllergyFund, national organization for the support of researchand education in allergies. Dr. Paul R. Cannon, Chairman of the Department of Pathology, is also a memberof the council. . . . Dr. Preston E. Harrison, Ph.D. '46,Assistant Professor of Bacteriology at Baylor University,was awarded the 1946 Howard Taylor Ricketts prize foroutstanding research in the chemotherapy of infectiousdisease. ...Since Harvard, Yale and Princeton have all gone outon the same limb, Dr. Robert Hutchins of the Universityof Chicago is no longer dangling on the end of that limbin precarious isolation. He is now sitting on that commonlimb with unaccustomed sedateness, cheek by jowl withConant, Seymour and Dodds, smiling at his faculty withan almost respectable air.Now that other universities are following his lead ina more modest way, it is easy to see that his appeal tothe philosophy and theology of St. Thomas Aquinas asaffording a principle for the reorganization of the university was not so dangerously reactionary after all. Hissin was to be about ten years ahead of his time.A good Congregationalist by training, he never had theremotest intention of propagating a mediaeval authoritarianism against which he would have been the first torevolt. What he saw, quite correctly, in St. Thomas,was a great synthesis and interpretation of the meaningof all human knowledge, which needs to be attemptedagain under modern conditions, if modern civilization isnot to fall completely to pieces or blow itself up with itsown misapplied physical science.He saw, moreover, that theology was still rightfullyqueen of the sciences, not because of pride but becauseof the supremely important subject matter with whichit is concerned; he therefore proposes to reintegrate theFederated Theological Faculties with the University insuch a way as eventually to relate all university studiesto all philosophical and religious truths through whichalone is there any ultimate coherence and universitas inour whole body of knowledge.THE CURRENT COLLEGECONTROVERSYThe Great Bookswere not writtenfor adolescentsUNIVERSITY professors, and Chicago alumni,find much to read these days about the generaleducation that students are receiving in American institutions of higher learning. At least since 1932,when the National Society for the Study of Educationreleased its yearbook "Changes and Experiments in Liberal Arts Education"1, colleges have been scrutinizingthemselves — and each other — and restlessly searching forbetter means to accomplish their purposes.College professors and deans and presidents and chancellors being what they are, this activity has resulted ina large quantity of writing. Much of it is disquieting. C.Robert Pace's study, "They Went to College"2- reportedobjective evidence of the relatively small contribution onewell known educational institution was making to theimprovement of the behavior of those who attended it.Pace had to use refined statistical techniques to bring tolight any significant differences between the behavior ofcollege graduates and non graduates of comparable intelligence, or between the behavior of high ranking students and low ranking students ten years after they hadleft college.The present writer has recently studied a number ofthese books about higher education [see bibliography].Because of his interest and training in psychology henoted particularly the concept of learning that seemedto be implied by the various kinds of curriculums defended as providing the best general education. Thewriter is a layman, full of convictions and prejudices, regarding the ultimate objectives of the ideal college curriculum. Just how a "free man in a free society" shouldact is a question that philosophers will have to answer.They seem to have great difficulty formulating theiranswer because the question is not an easy one. The reason may be that there are no free societies or free; menunless the basic meaning of the word "free" is distortedfor propagandistic purposes.The curriculum vs , . .A number of these recent books about colleges (b, f,g, i, j, and m — in bibliography) contend that the chiefgeneral education function of such institutions is to transmit or teach the best of the cultural heritage. The respon-1. Changes and Experiments in Liberal-Arts Education, Thirty-firstYearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education. Bloomington, Illinois: Public School Publishing Co., 1932. pp. 310.2. Pace, C. Robert They Went to College. Minneapolis : University ofMinnesota Press, 1941. pp. 148.14 • By STEPHEN M. COREYsibility of the faculty is first, to decide what it is all students should learn in order to be good citizens, and thento organize this "subject matter" carefully into a systematic sequence of courses which every student "takes."The interest of the college centers on knowledge to beacquired. Mr. Hutchins has expressed this point of view asfollows: "Education implies teaching. Teaching impliesknowledge. Knowledge is truth. Truth is everywhere thesame. Hence, education should be everywhere the same."3-Mr. Hutchins then states that this general educationwhich should be everywhere the same for everyone shouldinclude "a course of study consisting of the greatest booksof the Western World and the arts of reading, writing,thinking, speaking, together with mathematics, the best exemplar of the process of human reason."4. . . the studentOther publications about general education (a, d, e, h,k, 1, and n — see bibliography) argue that the college program should be specifically appropriate to the needs ofindividual students. This requires a flexible, adaptablecurriculum with various students learning various lessonsat various times. While faculty members in institutions ofthis sort are primarily interested in students, they alsovalue books.Sarah Lawrence College, in Bronxville, New York, isa school of this type. Its faculty says, "We share withother teachers in liberal arts colleges the belief that re-ords of human experience of the past may illuminate confused problems of the present, and that understandingcreative work of the past in our own and other culturesis a necessary part of understanding present creativework."These teachers go on to point out that whether or nota student will derive maximum benefit from any of theGreat Books or from any other type of literature "depends upon the answers to many questions regarding theability, maturity, imagination, present problems, and curiosity of the student."5 This attitude means that a collegelike Sarah Lawrence cannot fulfill its function unless itsstudents are constantly studied. In order to come to somedecision about the kind of lessons a certain young personshould learn, much must be known both about him as anindividual and about the society in which he has livedand will live.Chorus or soloIt is likely that during four years students in each ofthese types of institution might learn many of the samelessons. The timing of these lessons would be different,however. In one college all of the young people would3. Hutchins, Robert M., The Higher Learning in America, p. 66.4. ibid p. 85.5. Murphy, Lois B. and Ladd, Henry, op. cit. p. 6.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 15have the experiences in chorus, so to speak. In the other,the chronological sequence would be highly individualized.From this point on the writer will refer to those educators who would accept Mr. Hutchins' point of view as"content centered," and the second group, those whowould defend the Sarah Lawrence program, as "studentcentered." Most college programs seem to be mixturesbut there are strong influences at work which tend tomake faculty members accept with some enthusiasm onepoint of view and reject the other.It is easy to exaggerate the differences between thosewho support the "content centered" or the "student centered" college. Actually they have much in common. Forexample, both groups are in general agreement in theirdescriptions of the type of person they would like to seea college education produce. Their objectives are thesame.The virtues are missingMr. Buchannan of St. John's College says that he believes an individual who has been to college should"be able to think clearly and imaginatively, — to distinguish sharply between what he knows and whatis merely his opinion. . . . He will have acquired adistaste for the second rate. . . . He will get genuinepleasure from using his mind on difficult problems.He is likely to be humorous; he will certainly not beliteral minded. His appetites and emotions will beunder his control. . . . He will be eminently practical.He will be concerned to exercise a responsible citizenship. He will cherish freedom for himself andothers."Few would criticize this paragon. ,A college with concrete evidence that its curriculum produces such virtuedoes not, of course, exist.A second conviction shared by both of the parties tothis collegiate controversy is their confidence in education.Each group is decidedly environmentalistic in its recommendations of ways and means for improving society.Little confidence is placed in eugenics. The possibilitiesof improving man through education — that is, the rightsort of education — are considered to be almost unlimited.Studying is not mentionedA third agreement is the low opinion each group hasof the conventional type of college education. There islittle patience with, institutions of higher learning in whichstudents take large numbers of courses, most of whichhave little discernible relationship to one another, butwhich are eventually summated to a total of one hundredtwenty-six semester hours, which justifies the awarding ofa degree.All recent writers about general education contend thatthe genuine understanding that results from this practiceis minimal, and this conclusion is supported by the reports of thousands of young people who have evaluatedtheir experiences in colleges. These young people statethat going to college was a lot of fun, and that they metmany nice people. Whenever they are asked to list theircollege activities, however, not one in a hundred mentions studying. The intellectual consequences of their collegelife, that is, whatever they did that was planned by theauthorities, was of slight significance.Straw men are annihilatedA final similarity between the content centered and thestudent centered educators is the contempt in which eachholds the other. One side is disposed to establish a straw-man version of what the other advocates and then anihil-ate the effigy. This has been illustrated many times in thereviews members of each group write of the statementsmade by the other. The advocates of the "content centered" colleges seem to be the more arrogant, in part perhaps because they sense that the drift of educationalevents at the secondary level school is away from them6-,and in part, too, because the very rationale of a prescribedcurriculum means that the prescriber insists the he knowswhat other people should learn.Those who support a "student centered" program areWhen Stephen M. Corey addressed the National Convention of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars at Atlanta April 23 on "The Current College Controversy" the echoes of his speech beat him back to Chicago. Therefore, with the permission of Mr. Corey andthe A.A.C.R., we are publishing the substance of thisspeech, edited by Mr. Corey for the Magazine.Because of Mr. Corey's desire to be specific in his analysis of two schools of thought, we have relaxed our general rules against footnotes to enable our readers to follow the author's reasonings beyond these pages.Mr. Corey is Professor of Educational Psychology, Director of the Audio-Visual Instructional Materials Center,and Dean of Students of the Division of Social Sciences.16 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEemotional too, but their anxieties are of a different nature.In the first place, they are accused of recommending cur-riculums that lack neatness and logical organization. Theyseem uncertain about what subject matter is of mostworth. Secondly, this group hardly ever can match itsadversaries in quoting from the classics. Mr. Van Dorenin "The Liberal Education," cites these authorities thenumber of times indicated: St. Augustine 5, Comenius 9,Dante 5, John Dewey 4, John Locke 6, Cardinal Newman6, Pascal 16, Plato 13, Shakespeare 9, and Socrates 11.This is an overwhelming array of supporting talent. Fewof the books written from the "student centered" pointof view are so well buttressed. To advocate a particulartype of college without being able to defend it by quotations from the Great Books is frustrating.The fundamental differences between the two pointsof view just decribed are more important than the similarities. The chief conflict has been noted. The "studentcentered" educator puts great stress upon meeting thespecific developmental needs of individuals. This emphasis affects almost everything about the college ; its curriculum, its methods of instruction, its administrative organization, the type of faculty member chosen, and therules and regulations affecting student life.Forever repolishing coursesThe "content centered" group argues that individualneeds are ephemeral and superficial. "The theory that allmaterials and studies should be directly related to current problems was never philosophically defensible. Practically, it has broken down completely."7- Those who approach general education from this point of view writeabout the necessity for systematic teaching of the "liberaldisciplines," which are identified as the Natural Sciences,the Social Sciences, and the Humanities. These "liberaldisciplinarians" concentrate upon what they believeeveryone should learn, and spend a great amount of timein some institutions reorganizing and polishing courses.There is little faculty interest in studying the individualyoung people who are to learn from the courses.A second basic difference between these two groups ofeducators, and one that results in advocating different cur-riculums, stems from the concept each holds of the nature of a desirable learning experience on the college level.Those who emphasize "content" place high value uponthe importance of an education that is preponderantlyverbal. Reading books, talking and writing about whatis read, and verbal exercises of many sorts are thought tobe exceedingly educative. Mr. Van Doren writes: "Theclassics of our world, the Great Books, ancient and recent,in which the Western mind has worked and played, aremore essential to a college than its buildings and its bells,or even perhaps its teachers; for these books are teachersfrom which every wise and witty man has learned whathe knows."8-6. see Education for All American Youth. Educational Policies Commission, 1944. Washington, D. C. 421 pp.7. Greene, T. M. et al, op. cit. p. 9.8. Van Doren, Mark op. cit. p. 148. Not books aloneThe "student centered" faculties agree that verbal activity is one important method of learning, but they insistthat to confine the college curriculum to books to be readand talked about is to fail to take advantage of what isknown about the necessity for varied experiences if wordsare to communicate adequate meanings. This group doesnot believe that the ability to use words glibly is trustworthy evidence either of genuine understanding or ofdesirable behavior.Students need a wide variety of learning experiences.They should take field trips, study motion pictures, spendtime in the laboratory, meet in discussion groups, listento lectures, read and criticize books, write about theirideas, and go out and work in the community. In short,a decision about the kind of learning activity that oughtto be recommended to students is not limited by theassumption that all wisdom comes from the Great Books.Rather it is recognized that mankind has throughout hishistory learned in various ways.A third difference between the "content centered" andthe "student centered" points of view pertains to curriculum organization. While there is, of course, no unanimity on this point in either camp, those who argue for systematic transmission of the cultural heritage are, as hasbeen said, more apt to stress the importance of logicallyorganized subject matter and a rational sequence ofcourses. This logic usually takes the form of a chronological genesis of ideas, or of going from the simple to thecomplex as did ;the 1920 chemistry textbook with itsinitial chapter on the elements. The responsibility of thestudent in such institutions is to learn what he is told tolearn. If he is not satisfied, — he may leave. The theoryis that the faculty, because of its maturity and scholarlyachievments, knows what content all young people shouldlearn in order to have a good general education.The "student centered" faculties believe that the aboveposition confuses two separate questions. One pertains towhat there is to be learned, and only scholars can givean answer. The second question, — what should a particular individual learn at any one time in order to develop satisfactorily as a person, — requires not only familiarity with subject matter, but also a penetrating understanding of the individual and a judicious selection oflearning experiences that will be most beneficial for him.This does not mean that those who emphasize the importance of student needs belittle organization, but ratherthat they believe the conventional^ logical organization ofthe curriculum is ineffective.Starting from soapThis point deserves elaboration. The college that putsstudent needs first would contend that it is much morefruitful for the learner to start with a question that makessome personal difference to him than to begin where heis told he should by scholars who have, presumably,learned almost everything and then structured theirknowledge logically. For example a student who insistedTHE UNIVERSITY OFMr. Corey's Bibliographya. Benezet, Louis T., General Education in the Progressive College. New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University,1943. 190 pp.b. Brumbaugh, Aaron J. and Boucher, Chauncey S.The Chicago College Plan. Chicago: University ofChicago Press, 1940. 413 pp.c. Butts, R. Freeman. The College Charts ItsCourse. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1939.464 pp.d. A College Looks at Its Program. Muskingum College Faculty, New Concord, Ohio: MuskingumCollege, 1937. 326 pp.e. Ekert, Ruth E. Outcomes of General Education.Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1943.210 pp.f. General Education in a Free Society. Report ofthe Harvard Committee. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1945. 267 pp.g. Greene, T. M. and others Liberal Education Re-Examined. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1943.134 pp.h. Henderson, Algo D. Vitalizing Liberal Education.New York: Harper and Brothers, 1944. 202 pp.i. Hutchins, Robert M. The Higher Learning inAmerica. New Haven, Conn.: Yale UniversityPress, 1936. 119 pp.j. Hutchins, Robert M. Education for Freedom.Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State UniversityPress, 1§43. 108 pp.k. Murphy, Lois B. and Ladd, ifcenry. EmotionalFactors in Learning. New York: Columbia University Press, 1945. 393 pp. ^1. Spafford, Ivol and others. Building a Curriculumfor General Education. Minneapolis : ~ Universityof Minnesota Press, 1943. 352 pp.m. Van Doren, Mark. Liberal Education. NewYork: Henry Holt and Co., 1943. 352 pp.^n. Williams, Cornielia. Those We Teach. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1943. 188 pp.upon it might begin the study of chemistry with thetopic "saponification." Maybe his uncle owned a soapfactory. The professor would try to persuade the boy tobegin chemistry on an elementary level, but if the lad persisted in his belief and argued for it cogently, the chancesare the college would give him help doing what he wantedto do.In due course this young man would find that he couldnot understand saponification unless he had a good background in organic chemistry. When he started to studyorganic chemistry he would find that he could not understand it unless he knew something about inorganic chemistry. Eventually then, under the tutelage of a wise instructor, this young man would begin to study elementaryinorganic chemistry. He would do so, however, becausehe realized that in order to learn something he personallywanted to learn he had to pay attention to the fundamentals.Those who believe in the "student centered" approachstate that highly individualized teaching such as is implied in this illustration is precluded in most colleges, not CHICAGO MAGAZINE 17because there are too few faculty members but becauseof a traditional and inflexible attitude toward both thecurriculum and the role of the teacher. In good collegesthere is now at least one teacher to every fifteen students.Experience at the University of Chicago and elsewherewith the so called "workshop," in which the instructionis entirely individualized and specifically related to theintellectual and personal needs of the student, indicatesthat a teacher student ratio of one to fifteen is adequate.Curriculum decisions are unilateralAs a consequence of their conviction about the curriculum the "content centered" group thinks in terms of"subjects to be learned" and the decision as to what is included in the courses as well as their sequence is a uni- -lateral one in the sense that the students do not participate. The spirit of curriculum construction is authoritarian. The colleges that emphasize the needs of individuals, on the other hand, almost invariably make it possible for the students to take part in planning their ownlearning activities. One of the great potential benefits ofa general education is that young men and> women willlearn how to direct their learning when they are "on theirown." They can be given help by staff members who notonly know subject matter in the conventional sense, butwho also understand young people and the learningprocess.Their contrasting views of the learning process represents a fourth difference between the two groups of authors writing about the American college. Those who concentrate on content seem to believe that the human personality develops in terms of several separate functions.They express most concern with intellectual growth andplace much confidence in transfer of training*. Mr. Wris-ton writes:9-"Mathematics was no more useful to a medievalmonk or to a Renaissance painter than it is to onewho lives in a modern industrial society. But therealways has been and there always will be need forrigorous thinking, for thinking detached from selfinterest. That is why mathematics has remained oneof the fundamental disciplines. As one of the mostprecise and beautiful mental concepts of man it hasits own intrinsic value, a value quite independent ofconsiderations of utility."This quotation would not impress many college teachers. They would admit the fact of transfer of training,but would contend that maximum transfer takes placeonly when the learning occurs under circumstances somewhat like those that will attend its use. If mathematicsis to contribute to the understanding of social data, itshould be learned in connection with attempts to understand social data. This "student centered" group insists,too, that a personality develops as an integrated unity.The mind, the emotions and the body are one. Any learning experience a student has affects not only his intellect,but his feelings as well. Consequently, a college must beconcerned with the development of total personalities,—9. Wriston, Henry M. and others "Education in America Today,"Liberal Education Re-Examined, p. g.18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEyoung men and women who think, feel and act, — or tobe more realistic, feel, think, then act.Maxwell Street or AristotleA further difference between these two groups is theircontrasting attitudes toward the practical man and theworld of affairs. Mr. Hutchins writes that practical menare "those who practice the errors of their forefathers."The group for whom he speaks is similarly distrustful ofthe genuine learning which results from first-hand experiences, — in the market place. It is too difficult to reada book there, in the Adlerian sense, — without distraction.Educators who believe that "student needs" must dominate the whole process' of curriculum development, asmight be predicted, are comparably distrustful of the sheltered academic atmosphere. They would argue that ifone is alert and intent upon learning about people, andhas a fine teacher at his side, he will get more out ofspending thirty minutes a day on the corner of Maxwelland Halsted Streets in Chicago, than he would if he wereto spend thirty minutes a day reading Aristotle.When it comes actually to developing their curriculumthe "content centered" educators are most apt to work bydeduction. They begin with their definition of the goodcitizen and then, through a process of inference, arriveat conclusions as to the type of higher education this goodcitizen should have. The "student centered" group believes that the only way to find out whether or not acollege curriculum is effective is to try it and measure theconsequences. If it is insisted that reading the GreatBooks will result in great citizens the sensible test of thishypothesis is to have a group of students read the booksand then observe what kinds of citizens they become.Their opponents say that this is not an hypothesis to betested, but a self evident truth. If the great citizens of thepast have recorded their thoughts in the Great Books,then it follows that those who read and understand andaccept these books will be great citizens.A final difference in point of view is the way each ofthese opposed groups defines an appropriate college population. The faculty members who spend most of theirtime developing a curriculum of studies to be learned byall students are apt to talk at length about those whoshould go to college, not those who do go to college. The"student centered" group believes that within very widelimits it is the responsibility of the college to develop acurriculum for those students who come to it. On theone hand it is contended that the students should adaptto the curriculum, and on the other that the curriculumshould be adapted to the students.Adolescent reading of Great Books . . .The writer has benefited from his reading about thehigher learning in America. He personally believes thatwhat goes on in "student centered" colleges is more nearly in harmony with what we know about the way peopleactually learn. The arguments of the Great Books enthusiasts, however, are always provocative in both senses of the word. Any sane man must value the Great Books,— at least those he has read, — and realize that a carefulstudy of them may contribute much to an understandingof today's problems.A Great Books curriculum for all young people needing a general education, however, leaves much to be desired. Van Doren's statement that "a classic is alwaysfresh, vernacular, sensible and responsible" takes no cognizance of the fact that most of these classics were writtenat a time when only the intellectually elite could read.Those who claim, like Mr. Van Doren, that the classicscan be read with great profit by everyone are disdainingthe only court of appeal that makes sense, namely, thenormal young people who have tried to read the books.Plato and Cicero and Ptolemy and Descartes andHume and Freud and Bentham and Marx and Veblenwere not writing for typical, callow boys and girls in theirlate adolesence. They were writing primarily for theirpeers and exclusively for mature adults. Unusually brightyoung people can learn the words these authors use, andwith the help of distinguished teachers of broad outlookthey can reach some understanding of what the wordsmean in terms of human experience. But to contend thatcollege education for all young people should consistlargely of reading Great Books is fleeing from reality, orat least fleeing from the great majority of American youthwho sorely need an education that will mean somethingto them.... A relatively fruitless activityA general education that counts, and by this is meanta general education that influences the way young peoplelive, not only the way they talk, has to result from theirattempts to do something about situations that matter tothem. If in the course of their work on problems theythink are important young people go to the Great Booksfor the help these books can give, reading them will beeducative. But to try to read the Great Books before having had experiences that give personal significance to theproblems with which the Great Books deal is a relativelyfruitless activity.It is difficult to understand how anyone who has spenthis life- time working with college students can escape being impressed both by the great differences among them,as well as by the fact that most of their absorbing activities are dominated by their personal concerns. This is afact that high minded and evangelical adults find almostimpossible to accept. They insist that college studentsmust be interested in the problems that the adults believeto be fundamental. Eventually this growth will occur,but a start must be made with those activities, howeversuperficial, that are getting the attention of the youngpeople at the time.Adolescents who come to college for a general education are interested at various times and in various degreesin a long list of problems to which the typical collegerarely if ever gives any direct attention. When these intimate, and dominating, and personal concerns are com-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 19pletely neglected the young people proceed vigorously todevelop an extra curriculum which gives them opportunities to do what they think is significant. This extracurriculum often takes more of their time than does thereal curriculum.Judging again from the testimony of many young menand women who have been graduted from American colleges, the lessons they learned in their extra curriculumactivities are more lasting and influential than were thosethat they learned in the college classes. This is true despite the fact that because the extra curriculum is rarelysubject to the influence of mature men and women who know a great deal about man's relationship to himself andto other men and to his physical world, it is a chaotic experience.Faculties in "student centered" colleges are disposedto learn some lessons from the extra curriculum ratherthan to become apoplectic because it exists. They seem torealize that unless serious attention is given by the collegeto the personal problems and worries and interests ofyoung people, the more scholarly and academic achievements are apt to be inconsequential and consist largelyof verbal exercises engaged in to meet formal requirements expressed exclusively in verbal terms.SECOND EXECUTIVE GROUP GRADUATESAn innovation in the School of Business, The Executive Program, has aroused much interest and provedextremely popular. Certificates were awarded to forty-three members of the Second Group on Friday, June 21.The candidates were presented by Cyril O. Houle, Deanof University College, and certificates were awarded byReuben G. Gustavson, Vice-president and Dean of theFaculties of the University. The address to the graduateswas made by Laird Bell, Vice-chairman of the Board ofTrustees of the University. A statement concerning thepurposes and scope of the Program was made by GarfieldV. Cox, Dean of the School of Business. Willard J. Graham, who as Director of Business Studies in UniversityCollege has had the chief responsibility for the Program,acted as presiding officer.The Executive Program was initiated in the autumnof 1943 to provide business executives with an opportunity for extending their understanding of business institutions in relation to our society, and to bridge the gapbetween the field of the specialist and the field of themajor executive whose responsibilities cover many, if notall, aspects of business enterprise. There were forty-eightmen and four women in the First Group, who were willing to submit to the experiment of crossing the bridgebefore they had quite got to it. As a measurement of thesuccess and value of the Program, seventy executivesstarted in ,the Second Group the following year. TheThird Group which is just finishing its first year did not leap proportionately in numbers because it was foundthat a smaller number provided many desirable advantages to both faculty and students.The Program is intended to appeal to Chicago residents only since it provides for study at night while continuing a business career during the day. That interestin it is not confined to Chicagoans, however, is attestedto by the fact that one member of the Third Group, W.E. Lantis, is from Medford, Oregon, where he is a partner in a retail shoe firm. His present plans are to returnto Chicago in the fall to finish.Nor has distance prevented Carl A. Olson, DivisionalComptroller, Refrigerator Division of the InternationalHarvester Company, from completing the Program. Earlythis spring he was transferred by his company to Evans-ville, Indiana, and has since commuted twice weeklyfrom that city to attend classes.Six members of the First Group are now teaching business courses. This may be some kind of a trend, and ifit is, both the profession of teaching and the businessof business should profit.With the Executive Program established, a new Program is being considered for business men and womenat the supervisory level. The faculty for this Programwill be drawn entirely from the alumni of the ExecutiveGroups who it is felt will have special help and information to offer. Full details of the program are to be announced later.NEWS OF THE CLASSESRECENT VISITORS TO ALUMNIHOUSEMartin L. Wasserman, '40Charles H. Taylor, '07, SM '09Bernice L. Anderson, SM '40Dale P. Johnson, '42Bud Aronson, '42William O. Philbrook, '34James Wakefield Burke, '27Charles F. Nims, PhD '37Alexander Cappon, '25, AM '26,PhD '35Elsa E. Schilling, AM '26Hart Perry, AM '40Ralph W. Nelson, PhD '31Lucy C. Williams, '17John W. Ragle, '43Mary S. Thomas, '151881William T. McLean was in activecountry practice until June, 1944,since which time he has been shutin, and spends most of his time reading. He is living in Maroa, Illinois. 1885Elizabeth Faulkner is still activelybusy, teaching and preparing girlsfor college at the Faulkner School inChicago.1894W. L. Archibald, AM, has returnedto his home in Milton, Nova Scotia,after spending the winter at St. Petersburg, Florida.1896Edgar B. Van Osdel has retiredafter 24 years as Professor of Geologyand Astronomy at the University ofRedlands and is living in Pasadena,California. However, the shortage ofteachers at Pasadena Junior Collegehas called him back into service andhe is teaching Physics.1897Waldo P. Breeden, attorney at lawof Pittsburgh, spends his time whennot at the office swimming, hunting,designing homes and studying modern languages. 1898Mrs. Henry R. Hatfield (EthelGlover, PhD) is living in Berkeley,California, and lists her occupation asmother and grandmother of six.1899Louis T. Foreman, DB '00, has retired after sixteen years of serviceas Pastor of the Community BaptistChurch of Hortonville, Wisconsin.Henry M. Shouse, DB, has retiredfrom the active ministry in his 79thyear, and is living in Danville, Kentucky.1900Henry H. Kleinpell, MD Rush '00,writes: "Retired several times. In1931 after practicing in Chicago for31 years, in Prairie du Chien in '43.Shall retire now unless we have another war."1901Fred L. Adair, MD Rush '01, andMrs. Adair spent a couple of monthsin old Mexico, escaping some of theIn January we introduced you to CissieLiebshutz, a graduate of Hyde Park Highand a student in the College. At that timeshe was following a Maroon reporteraround making quick sketches of the facultymembers being interviewed.Recently Cissie (and the history of thatname is her tight-lipped mystery) has beendoing cartoons for the Maroon like this oneand' the housing strip on Page 9. She isdevloping her own style and hopes. to be afeminine James Thurber some day. Thiscartoon is through the courtesy of the Chicago Maroon. RADIO . . .It is evident that the end of our civilization is at hand . . . Goodnight, and here's Lyle Van for the Pure Oil Company.20THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 21colder winter months. Dr. Adair hasretired and they are living on theirfarm in Chesterton, Indiana, wherethey are having a wonderful time.Kellogg Speed, MD Rush '04, hasopened offices in a new location at122 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago.1902Mrs. W. A. Jenkins (Edith Jenkins) is living in Keokuk, Iowa at theIowa Hotel.Daniel T. Quigley, MD Rush '02,is chief of staff of the Lutheran Hospital in Omaha, and the author of"The Conquest of Cancer" published by F. A. Davis, as well as twobooks on nutrition.1903Mrs. Frank Vanderlip (NarcissaCox) is head of the Board of Trusteesof the New York Infirmary for Women and Children, and is in chargeof the $5,000,000 Building FundCampaign for the new Infirmary.1904Guy L. Bliss, MD Rush '08, hasretired from the active practice ofpediatrics after thirty-five years, andhas moved to Claremont, California.Dr. G. George Fox, AM '15, hasjust had another book published byFalcon Press — 'An American JewSpeaks."LaRue Van Hook, PhD, is JayProfessor of Greek Emeritus of Columbia University. He has recentlypublished the third volume of theworks of the Athenian orator, Iso-crates, in the Loeb Classical LibrarySeries.1905Clara H. Taylor has just completedher thirty-seventh year of teaching atthe Englewood High School in Chicago, and writes us that she still findsher work a challenge and a privilege.1906We have received word that Ambrose M. Bailey, DB, has retiredfrom the Baptist ministry. At thepresent Mr. Bailey is doing interimwork in Ohio.Charles A. Katherman, MD Rush'06, has been in the continuous practice of industrial surgery at SiouxCity, Iowa, for 36 years. His son,Robert, is a medical student at theUniversity of Iowa.1907Madge Carlock is working as manuscript editor for the American Medical Association in Chicago.F. H. Pike, PhD, writes of the pastyear: "There is nothing especially new in this year's report. It has justbeen more work on a seemingly endless task of getting the data on thephysiology of the nervous system intoa systematic and rational form ofpresentation. What makes the taskseem endless is the new points ofview which come out of the consideration of experiments done long agoand which demand considerationfrom a wider and more fundamentalbasis than has been done previously.The fact that some of my own viewsare at variance with the traditionalviews means that everything must beworked out with the rigourness ofa theorem in mathematics." Mr. Pikeis retired from the faculty of Columbia University.Frances Reubelt, AM '10, has retired from teaching and is living inTulsa, Oklahoma.1908Harriett E. Grim is in charge ofthe Interpretation work in the SpeechDepartment of the University ofWisconsin.1909Renslow P. Sherer has recently"reconverted" from wartime job asChairman, War Finance Committeeof Illinois, and returned to his business as chairman, Board of Directorsof Sherer-Gillett Company, manufacturers of commercial refrigerationwith offices in Chicago.Edgar L. White, MD, who lives inLewiston, Idaho, celebrated on June20th, the thirtieth anniversary of thefounding of the White Hospital inLewiston, which he and Mrs. Whitehave operated and maintained.1910Herman J. Erhorn is now engagedin real estate and home-building inOmaha, Nebraska. He was a memberof the baseball team that toured Japan in 1910, and he spent four anda half years in Manila as captainand manager of the Manila CivilianTeam, won two pennants in 1912 and1913, and led the league in battingfor two years."A History of Latin America" byDavid R. Moore, PhD, was translatedthis spring into Spanish and is nowpublished as "Historia de la AmericaLatina" by Editorial Poseidon, Buenos Aires.Mabel Claire Stark, MS '20, is living in San Francisco, where she isinstructor in the High School ofCommerce at San Francisco, California, and enjoys reading, radio, andstamp collecting. She is president ofthe Northern California AlumnaeChapter of Pi Lambda Theta, th< national honor association for womenin education.1911Russell C. Doolittle, MD Rush, recently retired from the practice ofmedicine and plans to spend the nextfew years in travel and in the exploitation of his various hobbies —philately, first editions, and colorphotography.Augusta M. Eisenman has retiredrecently from teaching in the Sheridan High School in Sheridan, Wyoming, after 28 years of service.1913Herbert Bebb, JD, is engaged inthe practice of law under the firmname of Reinhardt, Bebb, and Davisin Chicago.Leon Unger, MD '15, is presidentelect of the American College of Allergists, to take office in San Francisco in June. He is practicing inChicago, where he enjoys tennis,bowling and golf in his spare time(if doctors have spare time!).1914R. N. Crawford, AM, is now amember of the department of homil-etics at the McCormick TheologicalSeminary.After twenty years as pastor of theFourth Baptist Church at Providence,Rhode Island, Arthur B. Mercer isretiring to the pastorate of the FirstFree Will Baptist Church of Smith-field, Greenville, Rhode Island.Mrs. Benjamin Levinson (SarahA. Reinwald) is living in Chicago,where she is rent interviewer withthe OPA. Her daughter, Judith Ann,was recently married to Dr. AlbertJ. Miller; her son, Daniel, is in Hawaii with the 7 th Air Force, and herdaughter, Ruth, and her husband areliving in New York City.1915For the past fifteen years Mrs. Bar-net Fogel (Mussie Holland) has beenconnected with the Municipal Courtof Chicago in the capacity of a social worker, and she is now IntakeSupervisor of the Court of DomesticRelations. Whenever the weather andtime permits she and her husbandand children spend their time in theIndiana Dunes, hiking and swimming.Her daughter, Evelyn H. Fogel, '41,is completing her work for hermaster's degree in the School of Social Service Administration at theUniversity, and her son, Daniel Fogel,'43 has been in the Navy for threeyears but expects to be discharged inJune and return to school.22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAlfred L. Nelson, PhD, returned tothe faculty of Wayne University inDetroit, where he is chairman of theMathematics Department in January, after serving seven months withthe Information and Education Section, U. S. Army, assigned to BiarritzAmerican University.1916Eugene O. Chimene, MD '18, isdistrict health officer with the Department of Health in New YorkCity. His oldest son, Lucian, receivedhis AB degree from the Universityat June convocation.The Navy Department's highestcivilian recognition — the Distin-gushed Civilian Service Award — recently has been presented to DonaldL. Colwell, "for outstanding achievement while serving as Chief of theConservation Division of the Production Branch, Office of Procurementand Material, for a period from 15May, 1943 to 11 October, 1945 . . ."Hugh Macdonald, MD '18, completed four years and ten monthsmilitary service November 14, 1945,as Lieutenant Colonel in the MedicalCorps, commanding the 32nd Evacuation Hospital. At present he is agraduate student in Harvard MedicalSchool in Dermatology and Syphilo-logy.Sarah M. Oakley celebrated her76th birthday last month, but is stillteaching in Philadelphia and doingall she can along many lines.Merlin M. Paine is director of research with the Council of SocialAgencies in Seattle, Washington. Helists as hobbies four children underthirteen, and trips around the countryside.A group of interested people, calling themselves "The Hutchins Club"is meeting at the home of Mrs. IraBrown (Sarah M. Ritter) and Mr.Brown, in Norfolk, Virginia, for thepurpose of reading and discussing theseries of books listed by ChancellorHutchins as the ten greatest of thewestern world.Benjamin E. Shackelford, PhD, ismanager of the license department ofRCA International Division, and hasspecialized for the past ten years ininternational relations, together withpatent and licensing relations. Thesummer of 1945 he spent in Russia inconnection with future planning oftheir government in the field of communications. Mrs. Shackelford(Phoebe F. Baker, '16) is very activein community affairs in New Jersey,and daughter Jane Shackelford, '42is with the Guaranty Trust Company. Their son, Richard, is in school atthe University of Colorado. The family headquarters are in Orange, NewJersey.Agnes A. Sharp, AM '30, PhD '30,returned February 1st to the Psychiatric Institute of the Municipal Courtof Chicago, where she holds threetitles: Chief Psychologist, AssistantDirector, and Director of Research.During her 18 months leave from theInstitute, she was head of the medicaldepartment of the A. B. Dick Company, with the responsibility for organizing and establishing their medical department.H. Nathan Swann, JD, who servedas Judge of the Supreme Court ofIndiana from 1939 to 1945, is nowengaged in the practice of law inIndianapolis.1917Mrs. Elam J. Anderson (Colena M.Anderson, AM) whose late husband,Elam J. Anderson, PhD '24 was president of the University of Redlandsat the time of his death in August,1944, is now working on her doctorate at Claremont Graduate School inthe field of Chinese Literary Renaissance, and is a member of thefaculty of Redlands.Col. John Huling retired fromArmy life April 30. He and Mrs.Huling (Helen L. Moffett, '20) areliving in Chicago.Mrs. A. L. Desser (Rose Nath) isstill a ski enthusiast, and spent several weeks at Mt. Rose, Nevada, lastwinter skiing. In addition to raisingtwo sons who have recently returnedfrom service in the Army, she hasbeen active in civic and philanthropicwork in Los Angeles, where she isliving.1919Lewis H. Brumbaugh, AM '19, isthe new dean of Northland Collegeat Ashland, Wisconsin.In the Journal of Housing forApril, 1946, is an article "Stout Housing" which is about the GraybarnApartments recently built by LillianCarson, AM '26, who is now living inMenomonie, Wisconsin.Regina Helm Kelly, AM, who haspreviously been with the Naval andMilitary Service Department of theAmerican Red Cross in Chicago, isnow a case worker with the socialservice department for the CivicLeague of Kalamazoo, Michigan.John M. Ratcliff, AM, has recentlybeen appointed dean of the TuftsCollege School of Religion.Lewis H. Tiffany was appointed tothe William Deering Professorship of Botany at Northwestern Universityin 1945. He has recently had a book"The Study of Plants, a Laboratory-Discussion Manual" published byHarper and Brothers, and has beenmade an honorary member of theChicago Academy of Sciences.1920George M. Curtis, MD Rush, waselected president of the Central Surgical Association at its annual meeting in Chicago in February.Henry W. Kennedy is executivevice-president of McKey and Poague,Chicago real estate company.Perry D. Strausbaugh, PhD, writesus from Morgantown, West Virginia:"Terminal leave ended December 12,1945. Have been back on the job hereat West Virginia University longenough to resume the normal routineof the college professor, and I nolonger have the urge to toss a salutewhen I chance to meet the Presidentor one of the deans. Readjustmenthas not been too difficult."1921An article "Let's Eliminate Fractions" by Christian J. Arnold, SB,appeared in the March, 1946, issueof the Minnesota Journal of Education.Raymond H. Ewing, DB, AM '29,who has been pastor of the Congregational Church at Roberts, Wisconsin, is now field superintendent ofCongregational Churches in northernMinnesota.Anne Vinke Gard is librarian withthe Biblioteca Nacional at Caracas,Venezuela.Walter F. Muhlbach of Gardner,Massachusetts, is director of economic research for the FlorenceStove Company. In his spare timehe enjoys reading and gardening, andis on the membership committee ofthe National Association of Manufacturers. There are two children inthe Muhlbach family: Walter, 19,who is in the Naval Hospital Corpsas pharmacists mate, and Allene, 15,who is a sophomore at the KnoxSchool for girls.Arkell Vaughn, SM '22, MD '24,is associate clinical professor of surgery at Loyola University School ofMedicine and is senior surgeon atMercy Hospital in Chicago. In hisspare time he enjoys fishing and hunting for relaxation, when not busy asdelegate to the Illinois State MedicalSociety or serving as councillor forthe South Chicago Branch of theChicago Medical Society. He has oneson, Joseph, who is 19.THE UNIVERSITY O'F CHICAGO MAGAZINE 231922Ernest W. Lampe, MD, has a busyschedule these days. In addition tohis duties as assistant professor ofsurgery at Cornell, he is assistant attending surgeon at New York Hospital, attending surgepn at the Cornellsurgical division of Bellevue Hospital,and associate attending surgeon atthe Triboro Hospital for Tuberculosis.Lewis A. Thomas is serving as vocational adviser with the VeteransAdministration Guidance Center atBoise Junior College in Boise, Idaho.Mary May Wyman, AM '31, is amember of President Truman's Committee on Highway Safety.1923Eustace L. Benjamin, MD '27,served from September, 1942, to February, 1946, as Commander in theMedical Corps of the Navy.Clarence L. Covell is the new pastor of the Pilgrim CongregationalChurch at Tacoma, Washington.J. Robert Doty, MD '26, surgeonand obstetrician of Gary, Indiana, iscoroner for Lake County, Indiana,and in his spare time enjoys flying,fishing, and golf.James Roy Jackson, AM '24, PhD'27, served as Captain in the ArmyAir Corps and Office Chief of Ordnance for three years, and is now acivilian again, and working in theinvestment analysis business withReinholdt and Gardner, in St. Louis,Missouri.Walker Kennedy is in Los Angeles,working for Columbia Steel. At aDelta Tau Delta luncheon there hesaw "Tubby" Eckert, '16, and"Shorty" Owens, '22.Charles B. Tupper, AM, of Springfield, Illinois, has just had a series often leaflets on important phases ofChristian Family Life published bythe Division of Christian Educationof the. United Christian MissionarySociety.Benjamin F. Yanney, PhD, has retired from teaching mathematics inthe College of Wooster, and is enjoying life in Wooster, Ohio, makinga study of weather changes and contributions toward calendar improvement.1924William A. Askew began his minvistry with the First Christian Churchin Lawrencevifle, Illinois in February. At the annual Convention of theDisciples of Christ in Illinois, he waselected president for the current year.Robert S. Bolin, MD served 3l/2 Lt. Col. Leo M. Karcher, "24, AM'40 receiving Legion of Merit fromSen. Dan Anderson, 9th Bomber Command in France, March, 1945. Col.Karcher is now in the Air Army ofOccupation with the 98th Wing, 9thAir Force.years in the war as Chief of the Eye,Ear, Nose and Throat Section atCamp Atterbury, Indiana, and atDarnall General Hospital at Danville,Kentucky. He is now a civilian again,and opening his office in Elkhart, Indiana.Lacey L. Leftwich, AM, DB '25,PhD '42, recently took part in the"Week of Religion" on the Universityof Illinois campus, at the request ofthe University and the Federal Council of Churches of America.Arnold Lieberman, MD '28, PhD'31, writes us from Tucson, Arizona:"Have been here now practicingmedicine for over a year. My twolittle girls with rheumatic fever aremuch better so I felt justified in having left Gary, Indiana, after havinglived there almost 30 years."The Barrington Music Club, organized in May of 1945, has just re-.elected Ruth Parker Lilien as president. She was one of the organizersof the club, which is composed of51 actively performing members and13 associate members. The club sponsors a mixed chorus of 40 voices directed by Theodore Larus, prominent Chicago organist and choraldirector.Bernard K. Shapiro, JD '28, is assistant general counsel of the U. S.Commercial Company. He served asassistant general counsel of the Foreign Economic Administration untildissolution of the agency in October,1945.Lt. Col. Horace A. Young, JD, hasrecently received a citation for the Army Commendation Ribbon, for"meritorious service while serving inthe Office of the Fiscal Director"where he conceived and developed atreatise on "The Law of Family Allowances".1925Leslie E. Baird is living in SouthPasadena, California, and is an account executive with an advertisingagency.Harry B. Ebersole, AM, is now inhis 21st year as Professor of Historyat Northern Michigan College of Education at Marquette, Michigan.Julia Emery, AM '26, is head ofthe Social Studies Department in theWichita High School East, in Wichita, and is a member of the board ofDirectors of the Kansas State Teachers Association.Sabisca S. Hall, MD, is living inClarksburg, West Virginia, followinghis release from active service asLieutenant Colonel in the MedicalCorps.John H. Johnson has been teaching at Calumet High School in Chicago for the past 17 years. In hismoments of relaxation he works inthe garden or studies the stars. Hehas been financial secretary of theChicago High School Teachers Association for three years."Henry Meiggs: Yankee Pizarro"by Watt Stewart, AM, PhD '28, waspublished by the Duke UniversityPress in May. Dr. Stewart has beengranted a sabbatical leave from StateCollege for Teachers in Albany, NewYork, to travel and study in Mexicoand Central American countries nextyear. He plans to teach at the summer session this year at the University of New Mexico.Arthur W. Wolfe, AM, is now professor of religion and philosophy atHuron College, Huron, South Dakota.1926Seymour Berkson is general manager of the Hearst International NewsService and lives with his wife andtheir six-year-old son in New YorkCity.John Wesley Coulter, PhD, servedtwo years and three months in thefirst World War, and four years andnine months in the second WorldWar, a total of seven years service.During World War II he was a Colonel on the War Department GeneralStaff in Washington and received a,citation for meritorious service. He isnow Professor of Geography at theUniversity of Cincinnati.24 THE UNIVERSITYOF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWILLIAMS, BARKER &SEVERN CO.AUCTIONEERSAuctioneer and AppraisersPublic auctions on owner's premises or at oursalesroomsAccept on consignment the better quality offurniture, works of art, books, rugs, bric-a-brac, etc.We sell on commission or buy outrightOur specialty liquidating estates, libraries, etc.229 S. Wabash Ave. Phone Harrison 3777BIRCK-FELLINGER CORP.ExclusiveCleaners & Dyers200 E. Marquette RoadPhone: Went. 5380W CONCRETE\\ // FLOORSY^Ti/ SIDEWALKS\\V MACHINE FOUNDATIONS\\ EMERGENCY WORKy ALL PHONESist.iw Wentworth 44226639 So. Vernon Av*.TREMONTAUTO SALES CORP.Authorized DealerCHRYSLER and PLYMOUTH6040 Cottage GroveMid. 4200Used Car DepartmentComplete Automobile RepairsBody Shop — Paint ShopSimonizing — WashingGreasingTelephone KENwood 1352J. E. KIDWELL fw826 East Forty-seventh StreetChicago 15, IllinoisJAMES E. KIDWELL Frank L. Huntley, AM, PhD '42,during the war years was member ofthe staff of Civil Affairs TrainingSchool at the University of Michigan,and a special consultant on Japanesearea with the U.S. Army School ofMilitary Government at Charlottesville, Virginia. He is now lecturer inEnglish literature and political science at the University of Michigan.Etta E. Lambert, AM, of Portland,Oregon, continues to lend a helpinghand to the League of WomenVoters. Just now she is busy in theirmilk campaign, ringing doorbells andhandling out leaflets as group leaderin her neighborhood.Robert S. Levy, MD '29, is back inpractice again in Chicago, after serving with the armed forces.1927Mrs. J. Bernard Carson (LouiseDuncan) is teaching English at theLee H. Edwards High School inAsheville, North Carolina.Julius E. Ginsberg, MD '32, wasseparated from the Medical Corps ofthe Army in December, after fourand a half years service. He is nowAssistant Professor of Dermatologyat Northwestern University MedicalCollege and is again practicing hisspecialty at 826 East 61st Street inChicago.Hinman A. Harris, SM '28, MD'35, is living in Bloomfield, Missouri,where he is engaged in the ruralpractice of medicine, which he writes"keeps me busy most of the wakinghours of day and some of the sleepinghours, also".Hercule Paulino, JD, was appointed Judge of the MunicipalCourt of Ashtabula, Ohio, beginningApril 1.James S. Rich, MD '32, is physician and radiologist with the WelbornBaptist Hospital in Evansville, Ind.1928Thomasine Allen, AM, who was interned in Japan for two years, returned here on the second trip of the"Gripsholm". She worked for a yearin the Tule Lake Relocation Centeras assistant relocation adviser andexpects to return to Japan soon.Margaret Albertson Okeson, AM'37, will be elected next Regent of theChicago Chapter of the NationalSociety of the Daughters of the American Revolution. This is the oldestchapter of the organization in theUnited States.Charles Dale Russell served as acivilian with the Education Branch,Army Service Forces in the Europeantheater. Edna M. Turner, AM, who hasbeen the social service consultantwith the Illinois Public Aid Commission, has accepted the position ofcase-work supervisor at the LakeBluff Orphanage in Illinois.1929Edith Adams is school nurse anddirector of attendance in the schoolsof La Porte, Indiana.Henry E. Allen, AM, president ofKeuka College, Keuka Park, NewYork, has resigned that post and atthe end of the current academic yearwill join the Planned ParenthoodFederation of America, Inc., as associate national director in charge ofthe organization's program.Edgar Dale, PhD, has a book"Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching"scheduled for publication by DrydenPress next fall.Joseph Duflot, AM, has just beenelected President of the SouthwesternSociological Society at its recentmeeting in Fort Worth. Mr. Duflotis head of the Department of Sociology at West Texas State College,Canyon, Texas.Charles R. Johnson, AM, has accepted the pastorate at the FirstPresbyterian Church, St. Marys,Ohio.Eva T. Mason has retired from herposition as principal of Highland Junior High School in Louisville, Kentucky.Ruth Schornherst, SM, is Associate Professor of Botany at FloridaState College for Women in Tallahassee, Fla.Joseph C. Swidler, JD '30, is serving as general counsel of TVA, aftertwo and a half years in the Navy.Chester B. Thrift, MD '34, has recently returned to civilian practicein Oak Park, Illinois, after five yearswith the Army.1930Lt. Leonard P. Aries, JD '32, hasrecently been appointed Law Member of the Courts of the 9th AirForce Service Command at Erlanger,Germany, hearing Courts-MartialCases.J. Howell Atwood, PhD, writesthat he has made a study of thepattern of Negro-white relationshipsin twenty-four selected cities of theEast, South, and Midwest for the National Council of the Y.M.C.A. Thiswas done for the Centennial StudyCommittee on the Negro Consistencyof the Y.M.C.A., headed by ShelbyHarrison of the Russell Sage Foundation. The result of this study is tobe published this spring.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEN. George De Dakis, JD '31, wasadmitted to practice in Wisconsin inMarch, and is now associated in thegeneral practice of law with CarrolJ. Weigel in La Crosse, Wisconsin.An organ prelude for St. Andrew'sDay, written by Mrs. David F. Menard (Montana X. Faber) was playedby Robert Knox Chapman in an organ recital April 28, in St. Matthew'sEpiscopal Church in Wheeling, WestVirginia.Mary Lawrence Hall, AM, writesthat she is now serving as assistantpastor of the First Church of Christ,Ashland, Ohio.Florence Court Montgomery, ofDaytona Beach, Florida, writes us:"Every month we take a VagabondTour, cover 200 to 300 miles in 2 or3 days, jog along on unfrequentedcountry roads where we feel alone inGod's great out-of-doors that welearned to appreciate in many waysat the U. of C."Frances Swineford, AM '35, is aresearch associate with the Department of Education at the Universityof Chicago.1931Mrs. Grace G. Herberts, AM, isliving in Western Springs, Illinois,and has two sons, ten and twelveyears old.William S. Minor, DB, was appointed to a professorship in Philosophy at West Virginia University atthe beginning of the second semesterof this academic year.George T. Osborn, PhD, has joinedthe faculty of Bradley PolytechnicInstitute at Peoria, Illinois.Russell L. Palm is president-electof the Alpha Delta Field Chapter ofPhi Delta Kappa in South Bend, Indiana. He is principal of the ParkElementary School in La Porte, andenjoys gardening as a hobby.Raymond Porter, PhD, has joinedthe faculty of Xavier University inCincinnati, Ohio, as associate professor of educational psychology.Captain Harry A. Shewhart, AM,chaplain in the Army, has been transferred from the Loredo Army AirField, Texas, to Turner Field,Georgia. He has signed up to remainin the Army until June, 1947.Henry H. Walker, PhD, has recently become the pastor of the Congregational Church in Brule, Nebraska.Arthur W. Walz is president of theChicago Teachers Union. They goon the air once a week on Saturdaymorning with a series of programsunder the title "Education forPeace". 1932Susan Grey Akers, PhD, served aspresident of the North Carolina Library Association for the past threeyears.David Bacon, AM, is now employed as a research analyst by theArmy Map Service (War Department). He writes us that "in peace,as in war, the defense agencies of thegovernment need linguists who knowsomething besides their languages."Mrs. Rupert Wandel (Ella E.Fietze, AM '33 ) is living in San Francisco, where she is busy with dutiesas president of the P.T.A. and asGirl Scout leader.Herman Keiter, PhD, of HartwickCollege, is Director of Finnish Relieffor the American Friends ServiceCommittee and the National Lutheran Council. Mr. Keiter expectsto fly to Finland shortly.Robert C. Klove, SM '37, PhD '42,is associated with the Chicago PlanCommission after 4 years in theNavy. He will start instruction asAssistant Professor of Geography atWashington University in St. Louisin the fall.Alan A. Lieberman, MD '37, hasrecently been certified as a Diplo-mate of the American Board of Neurology and Psychiatry.Hallie E. Linder is living in Chicago and enjoying her hobby of collecting literary porcelain, brass, copper, wrought iron, etc.Charles D. Lutz, AM, has beengiven a renewal contract for fouryears, as Superintendent of the Gary(Indiana) schools.Armistead S. Pride, AM, directorof the Lincoln University School ofJournalism, Jefferson City, Missouri,has recently been engaged to carryon the project of the General Education Board on the Committee on Negro Studies of the American Councilof Learned Societies for the microfilming of Negro newspapers andmagazines published before 1 900.H. Van Rensselaer Wilson, PhD,has been teaching philosophy atBrooklyn College since 1935. He hastwo children Diana, 6, and Bruce, 3.1933George F. Dale went with HerculesPowder Company at the very startof the then "defense" program, andafter training in New Jersey, helpedcomplete and start up the first of thebig wartime smokeless powder plants,Radford Ordnance Works at Radford, Virginia. He was line supervisorin charge of the first nitrocelluloseline and later had charge of thetraining program which trained about Platers, SilversmithsSpecialists ...GOLD, SILVER, RHODANIZESILVERWARERepaired, Refinished, RelacqueredSWARTZ & COMPANY10 S. Wabash Ave. CENtral 6089-90 ChieagoCLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency63rd YearNationwide ServiceFive Offices — One Fee64 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoMinneapolis — Kansas City, Mo.Spokane — New YorkE. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing731 Plymouth CourtWabash 8182ACMESHEET METAL WORKSANIMAL CAGESandLaboratory Equipment1121 East 55th StreetPhone Hyde Park 9500Wasson-Pocahon+asCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phones: Wentworth 8620-1-2-3-4Wasson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wasson DoesChicago's OutstandingDRUG STORESOBERG'SFLOWER SHOPFlowers wired the world over1461 E. 57th StreetPhones: Fairfax 3670, 367126 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. JACKSON BOULEVARDCHICAGOA Bureau of Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field.It is affiliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the> appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.Placfcstoue DecoratingberimePhone Pullman 917010422 ftiHftes mt., Chicago, M.GEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting— Decorating — Wood Rnishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3186PENDERCatch Basin and Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sumps-Pumps6620 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUE1545 E. 63RD STREETFAIRFAX 0330-0550-0880PENDER CATCH BASIN SERVICE1545 EAST 63RD STREETBIENENFELDGLASS CORP. OF ILLINOISChicago's Most Complete Stock ofGLASS1525 PhoneW. 35th St. Lafayette 8400BOYDSTON BROS.All phones OAK. 0492operatingAuthorized Ambulance Servicefor Billings HospitalUniversity Clinics, etc.CADILLAC EQUIPMENT EXCLUSIVELY 200 supervisors for the Badger an<Sunflower Ordnance Works. He thoroughly enjoyed the Blue Ridge scenery, and married a Virginia belle. After a year and a half at Radford, hewas transferred to Badger OrdnanceWorks at Baraboo, Wisconsin, wherehe helped to complete, start up, andshut down that plant. He is nowback at Hercules' Parlin, New Jerseyplant, where he is doing developmentwork on plastics.Dobbs F. Ehlman, PhD, has recently been elected associate executivesecretary of the Board of International Missions of the Evangelicaland Reformed Church. For the lastfive years he has been pastor of St.Paul's Evangelical and ReformedChurch, New Oxford, Pennsylvania.Hyman M. Greenstein, JD '35, iscompleting terminal leave, and isnow a member of the Hawaiian Barand is practicing in Honolulu.Mrs. Edward Stanwood (FrancesE. Humphrey) is living in Washington, D. C. where she is Claims Adjudicator with the Navy Department inthe Dependents Benefit Section.Vernon P. Jaeger, serving as SeniorChaplain with the rank of LieutenantColonel, is serving with the U. S.Army occupation forces in Korea.H. Gwen Jones is Supervisor of theSocial Service Department of theBoys' and Women's Court in the Municipal Court of Chicago. For funand relaxation she reads mysterystories, does double-crostics, andreads palms (as a parlor trick).After two years' service in theNavy, Norman E. Jorgensen has returned to the FCC as assistant general counsel. As a lieutenant with theMilitary Government he saw servicein the Pacific and has been governorof several Japanese provinces for thepast year. Shortly before his dischargehe was stationed in Korea.Clarence W. Monroe, MD, hasbeen separated from the service andis back practicing surgery in OakPark, Illinois, and at PresbyterianHospital in Chicago. He is also aconsultant in plastic surgery at HinesHospital and is doing plastic work atthe Shriners Hospital for CrippledChildren.Mrs. Lon E. Sullivan (WladislavaM. Szurek) former Assistant Directorof the Georgia Citizens' Council, wasone of the principal speakers at therecent Louisiana Conference of Social Welfare held in Alexandria.1934Vincent A. Davis, PhD, is rounding out his twenty- sixth year as Professor of English at the Kansas State Teachers College in Emporia, Kansas.Theodore V. L. Harvey, DB, pastor of the First Baptist Church ofFort Dodge, Iowa, since 1937, hasjust returned to the pastorate afterfour years as chaplain in the Pacific.Mrs. F. T. Oakes (Margaret C.Mayer) is kept busy with her dutiesas wife of the pastor in Fonda, Iowa.In addition she is teaching piano.Graydon Megan, JD '34, who returned to Inland Steel Company lastOctober after 3 J/2 years with theArmy, recently was elected secretaryof the company.Howard Reynolds Ogburn receivedhis discharge from the Army AirForce in Shanghai, and is now withthe Medical Department of UNRRAin Shanghai, China.Richard D. Pettit, MD '37, is opening an office in Pasadena, California,for the practice of obstetrics andgynecology after four years in theArmy.1935Edward J. Baur, AM '38, has recently been appointed assistant chiefof Branch 7 of the Veterans Administration .in Chicago.H. D. Edgren has returned toGeorge Williams College in Chicagoas professor of recreation and physical education after four years of warservice — one as Civilian Consultantin Sports and Recreation to the ArmyTraining School and three as USOProgram Coordinator.Cliff Massoth has been working forthe Illinois Central Railroad sinceJanuary, 1936, as traffic agent atSioux City, Iowa, and Omaha, Nebraska, and has been assistant editorof the Illinois Central Magazinesince January, 1943. He is the fatherof two children, Joan, 5, and Ellen, 3.Gifford M. Mast is president andmanager of the Mast DevelopmentCompany, Inc., of Davenport, Iowa,an organization furnishing research,product engineering and styling service in the mechanical, electrical andelectronic fields, for manufacturers.The organization employs over 20people at present and (please note!)is looking for additional personnelwith technical knowledge and creative talent. In July they expect tomove into new quarters. Gifford, Jr.,celebrates his third birthday July 7,while Terrill Alan observed his firston May 29. .John D. McKee, AM, is now serving as director of public relations atthe College of Wooster, which position includes direction of alumni relations. He was appointed to this postTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 27in October, 1945, when he resignedas business manager. He has lived inWooster and been connected with thecollege since 1920.Captain Charles Redfield, AM '40,is stationed in Sapporo, Japan, asLabor Officer with the military government. He writes that . . . "myassigned function is that of laborofficer only, plus additional duties including monuments, religious and historical objects, and company adjutant and personnel officer. Like Top-sy, the labor office is fast growing into an empire, and I find myself interested in not only politics andeconomics, but all those other thingswhich the Labor Department labels'labor economics' — cooperatives, cost-of-living studies, food distribution,employment and working conditions,etc. Add to this the fact that I amstill working on my study of the localmunicipal administration and stillstudying Japanese."1936Anton H. Berkman, PhD, is professor of biological sciences and chairman of the department at Texas College of Mines and Metallurgy in ElPaso, Texas. In addition, he is chairman of the veterans counseling program and president of the El PasoCommunity Concert Association.Willard G. DeYoung, MD, is instructor in Medicine at. the University of Illinois College of Medicine inChicago. He has just returned fromservice, and has opened an office nearthe Midway.Lucy Hutchins, PhD, is teachingLatin and Greek in Blue MountainCollege at Blue Mountain, Mississippi, and is State Historian of theUnited Daughters of the Confederacy, and the Project Chairman ofthe American Association of University Women.Fernando A. Laxamana, AM, whowas discharged from the chaplaincylast December, has accepted the pastorate at the First CongregationalChurch at the State University ofIowa, Iowa City, Iowa.Mrs. Fritz Neugarten (Bernice J.Levin, AM '37, PhD '43) is workingas editor for National Forum, preparing personality and guidance materials for high school students.Ralph W. Nicholson, released fromthe Marines as Captain, has joinedthe creative staff of Fuller, Smith andRoss, New York City. He previouslyhad been on the public relationsstaff of the University.Joseph Perlson, MD, is Chief ofNeuropsychiatry at the San Berna-dino County Hospital, and lives in Patton, California. He has a son,Michael Louis, who will be two inthe fall.1937Mrs. Randolph P. Moore (CarolJ. Bartelmez, AM) is living in Berea,Ohio, and her husband is finishing aresidency at the Cleveland City Hospital.Walter J. Brooking, AM, directorof testing and research for R. G. Le-Tourneau, Inc., of Peoria, is beingtransferred this month to the Long-view, Texas, plant where he will assume similar duties.Last October Joseph H. Cooper,'PhD, resigned from the Pigments Department of the duPont Company tojoin Paraffine Company, Inc., at Emeryville, California as Manager ofAsphalt and Pitch Research.Howard B. Emerson, Jr., MD '38,was released from service as a medical officer in September, and starteda residency at Western PennsylvaniaHospital in Pittsburgh in October.Doris May Hunter is working aschemist at the University of IllinoisMedical, Dental and PharmacySchools.Thomas Y. Hurt was discharged inFebruary and is now working withthe Veterans Administration at LosAngeles, and writes he is glad to havecontacts with fellow alumni in thearea. ~- Virginia Loeb has recently returned to the States after severalyears overseas with the American RedCross. She served in Australia andjust returned from Japan.Faith S. Miller, PhD, has joinedthe faculty of Southwestern Collegeat Memphis, Tennessee, as AssistantProfessor of Biology.J. Frederick Miller is the new executive secretary of the University ofPittsburgh Y. M. C. A.Hubert L. Minton, PhD, of Arkansas State Teachers College at Conway, Arkansas, head of the Department of Geography and director ofextension will direct a field course ingeography in August to Mexico andGuatemala.Rhea Z. Radin, AM, is workingwith UNRRA and is living in Washington, D.C.Mrs. Ethel Tuller (Ethel L. Speil-berg) is executive secretary of theHillel Council at Los Angeles CityCollege. Prior to this she was seniorinterviewer at the U. S. EmploymentService in Los Angeles for four years.Malcolm B. Stinson, AM, is associate professor at the University ofPittsburgh in the School of AppliedSocial Sciences. Since 1878HANNIBAL, INC.UpholstersFurniture Repairing1919 N.Sheffield AvenuePhone: Lincoln 7180Phones Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueAMERICANPHOTO ENGRAVING CO.Photo EngraversArtists — ElectrotypersMakers of Printing Plates429 TelephoneS. Ashland Blvd. Monroe 7515EASTMAN COAL CO.Established 1902YARDS ALL OVER TOWNGENERAL OFFICES342 N. Oakley Blvd.Telephone Seeley 4488ECONOMY SHEET METAL WORKS• .Galvanized Iron and Copper CornicesSkylights, Gutters, Down SpoutsTile, Slate and Asbestos Roofing1927 MELROSE STREETBuckingham 1893Albert K. Epstein, '12B,,R. Harris, '21Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285-6A. T. STEWART LUMBER COMPANYEVERYTHING inLUMBER AND MILLWORK7855 Greenwood Ave. Vin 9000410 West lllth St. Pul 003428 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESTENOT YPYLearn new, speedy machine shorthand. Lesseffort, no cramped fingers or nervous fatigue.Also other courses: Typing, Bookkeeping,Comptometry, etc. Day or evening. Visit,write or phone for data.Bryant^ StrattonC O LL)E G EIS S. Michigan Ave. Tel. Randolph 1575SARGENT'S DRUG STOREAn Ethical Drug Store for 94 Years23 N. Wabash Ave.PHYSICIANS SUPPLIESChicago, IllinoisGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th Stra.tPhones: Hyde Pari 9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERGEO. D. MILLIGANCOMPANYPAINTING CONTRACTORS2101-9 South Kedzie AvenuePhone: Rockwell 8060 Charles F. Stroebel, Jr., MD,served overseas in France and Germany with the 132nd EvacuationHospital, returned to the States inDecember, 1945, and reverted to inactive status in January of this year.He has returned to Mayo Clinic,Rochester, Minnesota, where he is associate consultant in internal medicine.1938George C. McElroy, '38, AM '39,is at present employed as a civilianin the Civil Information and Education Section, General Headquartersof the Supreme Commander of theAllied Powers in Tokyo. He was discharged from the Army as a T/3 andthen signed up for nine months service in Tokyo. While on the MidwayGeorge won his "C" in track, wasmanaging editor of "Pulse", a member of Beta Theta Pi, and wasawarded Phi Beta Kappa. He hascompleted three years of work on hisdoctorate, and plans to return to theMidway next fall for his Ph.D.Robert S. Brumbaugh, AM, has accepted an assistant professorship inphilosophy at B o w d o i n College,Brunswick, Maine.Lloyd V. Channels, AM, DB '40,has recently become the minister ofthe Central Christian Church, Flint,Michigan.Harold I. Kahen, JD '40, was discharged from the Army in October,and returned to Securities and Exchange Commission in Philadelphia.He left there in February and is nowassociated with Poletti, Diamond,Rabin, Freidin and Mackay of NewYork City. Irene L. Kline has resigned fromJohnson and Johnson Company inNew Brunswick, New Jersey, and hasbegun work as an independent personnel consultant and writer in industrial relations.Passacaglia for Organ and Strings,by Ellis B. Kohs, AM, was performedby E. Powers Biggs on the BaroqueOrgan at Harvard's Historic Germanic Museum, with the String Orchestra from the Boston Symphony,conducted by William Strickland onMay 26, and was broadcast over theColumbia Broadcasting System.Retha Jane Mason, AM '45, directsthe choral music at the First Methodist Church in Harvey, Illinois,where they gave the Mystery forChristmas, which Mack Evans haddone at the University for a goodmany years, thus carrying the University traditions abroad. She expects to be back on the quadranglesthis summer, studying organ withMarcel Dupre.William J. Moore, PhD, has beenappointed professor of religion atEureka College, at Eureka, Illinois.Ivan M. Niven, PhD, has been promoted from assistant professor to associate professor of mathematics atPurdue University.Richard Prescott is attending theUniversity of California with a viewto obtaining a teaching certificate.Ai Chi Sai last fall was with theUnited States Strategic Bombing Survey which was organized by the WarDepartment for the purpose of making a survey of the bombing damagein Japan as it affected the productionof various war plants and also thelives and the psychology of the people. Mr. Sai is at present employedby the Office of the Chief of Staff,War Department, Washington, D. C.Robert C. Upton and his wife, theformer Mary Letty Green, '39, together with their small daughter Le-titia, are living in St. Joseph, Michigan, following his release fromactive Navy duty as Lieutenant.1939Benjamin F. Brooks, PhD, is Principal Tax Economist with the Bureau of Internal Revenue in Washington, D. C.Alfred M. Chamberlin is ministerof the First Methodist Church inRichmond, California.Frances K. Clyde is Director ofNursing Service and Nursing Education at the Children's Hospital inPhiladelphia.Herman F. Johnson is a contactrepresentative for the Veterans Ad-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 29Albert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau formen and women in all kinds of teachingpositions. Large and alert College andState Teachers' College departments forDoctors and Masters; forty per cent of ourbusiness. Critic and Grade Supervisors forNormal Schools placed every year in largenumbers; excellent opportunities. Specialteachers of Home Economics, Business Administration, Music, and Art, secure finepositions through us every year. PrivateSchools in all parts of the country amongour best patrons; good salaries. Well prepared High School teachers wanted for cityand suburban High Schools. Special manager handles Grade and Critic work. Sendfor folder today.ministration, after four years' servicewith the Army. He lists as his mainhobby his eighteen acre farm nearChesterton, Indiana, with folk dancing, reading shorthand, and joiningorganizations running close behind.M. Alex Krembs, MD, was honorably discharged to inactive duty onJanuary 9, 1946, from the Navy as aMedical Officer, and has opened anoffice in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, topractice medicine, with practice limited to obstetrics and gynecology.Francis M. Okita, AM, formerlywith the Department of Public Welfare at Lihue, Kauai, Hawaii, is nowworking with the same departmentin Honolulu.Elizabeth Romine is on the staff ofthe Merrill Palmer School, consultantin Infant Services; and is working onher master's degree at the Universityof Michigan.Ruth V. Shuler, AM, is living inLos Angeles, and working with theCalifornia State Department of SocialWelfare, making investigations forthe court in adoption matters.Leah Spilberg, AM '40, will jointhe faculty of Wayne University inDetroit next fall as Instructor inEnglish.Georgianna C. Taylor resignedfrom teaching in the Chicago PublicSchools in January of this year. Shehad taught in the Chicago systemsince September, 1915.1940Cyrus C. DeCoster, AM, has accepted a position as Instructor inRomance Languages at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota. Hewill begin the fall semester.Chauncy D. Harris, PhD, is servingas secretary of the Association ofAmerican Geographers. He recentlyreturned to his position as assistantprofessor of geography at the University from active Army service.Donald J. McNassor was discharged from the service in March,and is now Assistant Professor of Education at Wayne University in Detroit.Jane Rasmussen is teaching Spanishat the Highland Park High School inHighland Park, Illinois. Last summershe flew to Mexico with three of herstudents and took them on a tour ofthe country.Heber C. Snell, PhD, is teachingcourses in Bible history and literatureat the Institute of Religion affiliatedwith the Utah State Agricultural College at Logan, Utah. He expects tospend the summer in New York Citystudying.Richard C. Vanderhoof, MD, is taking post graduate work in ophthalmology at Washington Universityin St. Louis, and expects to follow itwith a two year residency.1941Milward L. Bayliss, MD, was recently appointed associate professorof bacteriology and immunology atthe University of Minnesota. He recently completed service with theArmy Medical Corps, and will participate in Minneapolis with the Veterans hospital program, along withhis other duties.Robert A. Colby, AM '42, is teaching at De Paul College of Commercefollowing his release from service inJanuary. He may be back on thequadrangles for the fall quarter.Mrs. William H. Rendleman(Mimi Evans) is a cadet nurse at St.Luke's Hospital in Davenport, Iowa.Her husband, Lt. William Rendleman, '41, is in charge of a base hospital on Okinawa.David L. Francis, AM, has accepted a position starting in September with the Lawrenceville (NewJersey) School as Instructor of Latin.Mrs. Richard A. Davis (Mary M.Hammel) and her husband are bothgoing to school as veterans at Pasadena, California, which is the homeof Mr. Davis.The Russell Sage Foundation announces the appointment of DonaldS. Howard, PhD, as director of thenewly-named Department of SocialWork Administration. Mr. Howardhas just returned from a leave of absence for service in UNRRA.J. Ann Hughes, SM, is going tobusiness college in Louisville, Kentucky. She served three years in theU. S. Naval Reserve, leaving the service as a senior grade lieutenant, anddecided that she wanted to go intothe business world instead of teachinganymore.BLACKSTONEHALLAnExclusive Women's Hotelin theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering Graceful Living to University and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALL5748 TelephoneBlackstone Ave. Plaia 3313Verna P. Werner, Director HUGHES TEACHERS AGENCY25 E. JACKSON BLVD., Chicago, IllinoisTelephone Harrison 7793Member National Associationof Teachers AgenciesGenerally recognized as one of the leading TeaehersAgencies of the United States.BEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO.24-HOUR SERVICELICENSED - BONDEDINSUREDQUALIFIED WELDERSHAYmarlcet 79171404-08 S. Western Ave.. ChicagoMacCormac School ofCommerceBusiness AdministrationShorthand and TypingSPECIAL SUMMER CLASSESStarting July 8thDAY AND EVENING CLASSESRegister Now1170 East 63rd StreetTelephone: Butterfield 6363Serving the Medical ProfessionSince 1895V. MUELLER & CO.SURGEONS' INSTRUMENTSHOSPITAL AND OFFICEFURNITUREORTHOPEDICAPPLIANCES•Phone Seeley 2180, all departmentsOgden Ave., Van Buren andHonore StreetsChicago 1230 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETelephone Haymarlcet 3120E. A. AARON & BROS. Inc.Fresh Fruits and VegetablesDistributors ofCEDERGREEN FROZEN FRESH FRUITS ANDVEGETABLES46-48 South Water MarketJOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in oil its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900—0901Retail Deliveries Daily and SundaysQuality and Service Since 1882TELEPHONE HAYMARKET 4566O'CALLAGHAN BROS.PLUMBING CONTRACTORS21 SOUTH GREEN ST.Phone: Saginaw 3202FRANK CURRANRoofing & InsulationLeak* RepairedFree EstimatesFRANK CURRAN ROOFING CO.8019 Bennett St.Ashjian Bros., inc.ESTABLISHED 1*21Oriental and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED8066 South Chicago Phone Regent 6000Timothy A. BarrettPLASTERERRepairing A Specialty5549 S. Cottage Grove Ave.Phone Hyde Park 0653La Touraine Coffee Co.IMPORTERS AND ROASTERS OFLA TOURAINECOFFEE AND TEA209-13 MILWAUKEE AVE., CHICAGOat Lake and Canal Sts.Phone State 1350Betton — New York — Philadelphia — Syracuse Arthur Quadrow, AM, recently returned to Washington from a year inthe Orient as Administrative Officerfor the War Shipping Administration's Western Pacific Operation,where he set up and installed administrative and personnel programs inthe Philippines, China, Japan andMalaya.Laurence J. Taylor is now a member of the executive staff of the Michigan Council of Churches and Christian Education.Melvin T. Tracht was released fromservice in November, 1945, and isnow back at his prewar job as Purchasing Agent for Illinois Instituteof Technology.After four years in the U. S. Navy,Stephen Walsh is now an engineerwith Western Electric Company.Grace M. Wilson, AM, is workingas guidance counselor and home economics supervisor at the TennesseeGirls' Vocational School in Tulla-homa, Tenn.Sander W. Wirpel is overseas, serving as Lieutenant in the Army SignalCorps, handling a technical job inUSFET HQ Radio CommunicationsCenter. He expects to return to theStates this summer.Jack Woolams is still chief testpilot for Bell Aircraft. He and Mrs.Woolams (Mary M. Mayer, '41)leave late in June for the Mojavedesert where Jack will be runningtests for several months.1942George R. Bartlett, PhD, has beenappointed to the position of instructorin philosophy and sociology at BoiseJunior College, Boise, Idaho.Diego Dominguez-Caballero, AM,has been teaching philosophy at theUniversity of Panama since his graduation.Mrs. Francis J. Klapp (Anna MayHuling) has returned to the Midwaywith her husband, formerly Captainin the Army, and eight months oldson. Her husband is enrolled in theSchool of Business.Richard I. Kahl was released fromactive duty as a Lieutenant, U.S.N.R.in November, 1945, and since thefirst of the year has been affiliatedwith the Re-Bo Manufacturing Company of New York City.Edith J. LaPorte is living in Washington, D.C, where she is a labormarket analyst at the United StatesEmployment Service.Jeffrey Stephen, son of Mrs. EmilJ. Cohen (Muriel G. Mardman, '42)celebrated his first birthday June 4.His father recently returned fromservice with the Air Corps, and is employed by Western Tire AutoStores.David Rothrock, who was recentlydischarged, plans to work for theNorthwest Division of the Carter OilCompany as Junior Geologist thissummer, and hopes to resume studyon the quadrangles on a doctorate inGeology this fall.We have recently been notified ofthe appointment of Russell H. Savage,AM, to a position at Manitowoc,Wisconsin, as instructor in the publicschools beginning September, 1946.Arthur P. Steuerwald, AM, wasseparated from the Army with therank of Captain in February, and hasaccepted a position as a teaching fellow in the Department of PoliticalScience at the University of Michigan, where he is working on his Ph.D.Henry Synek, JD '44, is an attorneywith the firm of Campbell, Clark andMiller of 33 North La Salle Street inChicago. He lists his hobbies as philately and classical records, and wasrecently elected treasurer of the Morton Junior College Alumni Association.Major Robert B. Cruise, '43,was appointed assistant chief ofPersonnel in U. S. Headquartersfor Berlin recently. Major Cruisehas the numerous responsibilitiesof handling reinforcements, redeployment, promotion as well asefficiency reports, and civilianpersonnel matters. He also hascharge of assigning replacementsarriving in a steady flow from theUnited States, and assignmentsfor the journey homeward forhigh pointers are also made bythe staff officer.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEA new career in the sky has openedfor Alice Williams '45, who was recently graduated from United AirLines' stewardess school in Chicago.Alice has been assigned to United'sEastern division.Edward H. Zabriskie's doctoraldissertation, somewhat altered andenlarged, was published by the University of Pennsylvania Press in January of this year under the title"American-Russian Rivalry in theFar East, A Study in Diplomacy andPower Politics, 1895-1914."1943William P. Albrecht, PhD, has recently completed terminal leave, andis on the faculty of the Carnegie Institute of Technology at Pittsburghas assistant professor of English.Betty M. Carlsten is leaving forHonolulu, Hawaii, where she will beteacher and assistant resident counselat Punahou School.Sidney S. Harcave, PhD, is livingin Washington where he is Foreignaffairs analyst with the ForeignBroadcast Intelligence Service.Allen B. Kellogg, PhD, has beennamed the first Academic Dean ofIndiana Central College. He is completing his first year with the collegein the Department of English.John H. Kent, PhD, is teaching atSouthwestern University in Memphis,Tennessee.Stuart P. Lloyd has joined thePhysics Department at the Universityof Illinois.Virginia Sue Reading is teachingEnglish at the Katharine GibbsSchool in Chicago.Edith B. Surrey is back on campus,studying for her master's degree inSociology.Eloise Witt is working at Tilton General Hospital, Fort Dix, NewJersey, as an occupational therapist.1944Charles E. Burbridge has been assistant superintendent of Freedmen'sHospital in Washington, D. C, sinceleaving the University.Helen Jane Ellsworth is a studentin the Medical School at the University, and has been working as assistant head resident in the College Planthis year.Beverly M. Glenn is a second yearlaw student at Columbia UniversityLaw School.Roy B. Leipnik is working as research assistant in mathematics withthe Cowles Commission. His son,Karl Sigurd, celebrated his first birthday June 21.Galileo Patino writes that he hastoo much to do organizing the librarysystem of his country. He is now director of Biblioteca Nacional, Republic of Panama. When he can spare alittle time, he enjoys camping andhorseback riding, and as might beexpected of one in his position, collects beautiful books.1945Virginia Lacy Jones, PhD, was recently promoted to full professorshipand directorship of the School ofLibrary Science at Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia.Ruth Perkins, MD, is assistant resident in medicine at Highland Alameda County Hospital at Oakland,California.George S. Rieg, Jr., was drafted onApril 9, 1946, and is now stationed atCamp Polk, Louisiana.Felix Schrag, PhD, has acceptedthe position of assistant professor ofsociology at the University of Toledo,Toledo, Ohio.ENGAGEMENTSAnnouncement has been made inAlexandria, Virginia, of the engagement of Lucy Robb Winston, ofWinston, Virginia, to David A.Works, '43, of Freedom, New Hampshire. Mr. Works is a student at theVirginia Episcopal Theological Seminary in Alexandria.Mr. and Mrs. Leo A. Goldstein an-n o u n c e the engagement of theirdaughter Lois Irene Goldstein, '45, toJulian H. Good. Mr. Good attendedWisconsin University and Northwestern University School of Commerce.MARRIAGESNoah B. Levin, '33, MD Rush '36,and Amy Maud Henschel, '42, weremarried on March 23, 1946. Dr. ENGLEWOODELECTRICAL SUPPLY CO.Distributors, Manufacturers and Jobbers ofELECTRICAL MATERIALS ANDFIXTURE SUPPLIES5801S. Halsted Street Englewood7500BOYDSTON BROS., INC.UNDERTAKERSSince 18924227-29-31 Cottage ©rove Ave.All Phones OAKIand 0492The Best Place to Eat on the South SideCOLONIAL RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone Hyde Parle 6324RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING & DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMonroe 3192PETERSONFIREPROOFWAREHOUSESTORAGEMOVING•Foreign — DomesticShipments55th & ELLIS AVENUEPHONEMIDway 9700THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETuckerDecorating Service1360 East 70th StreetPhone MIDway 4404Arthur MichaudelDesigner and Maker ofDistinctive Stained Glass Windows542 North Paulina Street, ChicagoTelephone Monroe 2423MOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNIHOWARD F. NOLANPLASTERING, BRICKandCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. Lake Park Ave.Telephone Dorchester 1579Alice Banner Englewood 3181COLORED HELPFACTORY HELPSTORESSHOPSMILLS FOUNDRIESEnglewood Emp. Agcy ., 5534 S. State St.Anto LiveryLarge Limousines - $4 Per Hour5 Passenger Sedans - $3 Per HourSpecial rates for out of townEMERYDREXEL LIVERY INC.5516 S. HARPER AVE.FAirfax 6400Ask for Dept. B. Levin served as Major in the Army,attached to the Office of StrategicServices.Thomas Eugene Foster, '34, JD '38,and Molly Brook Damron were married on April 19, 1946, at Jaeger,West Virginia. He has recently returned from the Philippines and ison terminal leave from the Navy. Mr.Foster will resume the practice of lawwith Hopkins, Sutter, Halls, DeWolfeand Owen in Chicago, and he andhis bride will be at home at 665 W.Barry Avenue, Chicago.Captain Milton J. Johnson, AM'37, was married on October 16,1945, to Miriam G. Fleming of Ellen-dale, North Dakota. He is presentlyassigned as Public Welfare Officerattached to the Formosa LiaisonGroup, advising Chinese MilitaryGovernment on Formosa.Eloise Claire, SM '40, and RalphE. Rice were married June 9, 1946,at Rockford, Illinois. They will be athome after July 1, at 253 Northrup,Columbus, Ohio.Arthur Sus, '42, and Audrey Earl,'42, were married on May 22, 1946,in Chicago, and left for a trip toMichigan following the ceremony.Sydney Bernstein, MBA '43, ofSpivak, Colorado, was married inMarch to Frieda J. Olex.Phyllis L. Shook, AM '44, andMaurice J. Street were married August 26, 1 945, and are living in Chicago.James Wray, '44, and Floy LouiseWinnett, '45, were married recentlyat First Presbyterian Church in Chicago. Mr. Wray is at the Universitythis quarter, doing post graduatework.Agnes Wierer, '45, and Robert J.Gnaedinger, Jr., '45, were married onJune 15, 1946.Edward N. Horner, '43, MD '45,and Althea Jane Greenwald, '47,were married June 12, 1945, in Hartford, Conn. They are now living inBerkeley, California, while Dr.Horner serves as Lt. (j.g.) at theNaval Hospital at Treasure Island.Mary Eleanor Evans, '46, was married to Lt. Albert C. Houghton onFebruary 14, 1946. They are livingin New London, Conn.BIRTHSA daughter, Jane, was born onMarch 26, 1946, to Alexander J.Isaacs, '25, AM '26, and Mrs. Isaacs(Rosalia H. Pollak, '31). Mrs. Isaacsrecently retired as assistant buyer ofantiques and art objects at MarshallField and Company. Mr. Isaacs,who saw action in Normandy andBrittany, was recently released from the Army and is now in the rare bookbusiness in Chicago.A son, Michael, was born March1, 1946, to Mr. and Mrs. KeithSpringer (Anastasia B. Theiss, '26)at Chicago.Twins, Sarah Mariana and William Oliver, were born August 4,1945, to William H. McGowan, 527,JD '29 and Mrs. McGowan (Gertrude R. Binns, AM '34). The family have recently moved into a newlypurchased home in Palos Park, Illinois.Stoddard J. Small, '32, and Mrs.Small announce the birth of JohnDarst on March 28, 1946. Dad wasreleased from active duty as Lieutenant Commander in the Navy inFebruary, and is now associated withthe Moline Iron Works, Moline, 111.It's a girl, Susan Parsons, born May12, 1946, to Keith Parsons, '33, JD'37 and Mrs. Parsons (Lorraine Wat-son, '34, AM '38).Mr. and Mrs. Leon Kanegis (Lillian Hayman, '35, MBA '41) are theproud parents of a son, Richard Joel,born April 27, 1946, at Washington,D.C.Mr. and Mrs. I. Jerome Fiance(Rosemary Weisels, '36) announcethe birth of a daughter, PatriciaJane, on March 18, 1946.Jack W. Loeb, JD '37, has sent usword of the birth of a daughter,Carol Anne, at Alexandria, Virginia,on September 8, 1945.Mrs. L. S. Meisenbach (CharlotteFey, '38) has written us of the arrival of Lewis Stilwell Meisenbach,IL, on October 3, 1945. The familyhome is in Riverside, Illinois.Robert M. Borg, '39, SM '40, andMrs. Borg announce the arrival of ason, Robert James, born January 27,1946, at Wolfeboro, New Hampshire.Mr. Borg, formerly with the DowChemical Company as fumigants engineer, and his family are now livingon their farm at Ossipee, New Hampshire. Mr. Borg is operating a fumigation business.Louis H. Fuchs, '40, still on activeNavy duty as Lieutenant Commander, sends us word of the birth of adaughter, Jannon Lou, born March30, 1946, at Ft. Worth, Texas.A daughter, Alice Beckwith, wasborn to Mr. and Mrs. Peter Moorhead (Anne Rowell, '41) on April10, 1946, at Berkeley, California.A son, Jeffrey John, was bornMarch 7, 1946, to Harold R. Gordon,'43, and Adele W. Gordon, '45. Dadwas released from the Navy in January as Lieutenant (j.g.) and is nowworking at Marshall Fields.Peter Hartwell Stone was born onApril 16, 1945, to Capt. WilliamStone, MD '43, and Mrs. Stone. Capt.Stone is stationed at Dugway ProvingGround, Tooele, Utah, and expectsto be discharged in July.Van W. Hunt, MD '44, and Mrs.Hunt (Helen W. Parks '30) haveadopted a son, Carl Milton, bornApril 13, 1946, Dr. Hunt is a fellowat Mayo Foundation, Mayo Clinic,Rochester, Minnesota.A daughter was born to RomualdAnthony, '44, and Mrs. Anthony(Martha J. Ebert, '43) on March 18,1946, at Inyokern, California.DEATHSMilton H. Everett, '70, on April 4,1946, aged 98 years and 9 months, atBradenton, Florida.Cassius Douglas Wescott, MDRush '83, on Monday, May 6, 1946,at Wilmette, Illinois.Austin Hulbert Thomas, MD Rush'83, on September 7, 1945, at the ageof 90, at Winneconne, Wisconsin.Craig S. Thorns, '88, DB '91, onSeptember 27, 1945, at Vermillion,South Dakota.Fred Horton, MD Rush '90, atNewcastle, Wyoming, on April 19,1946. Dr. Horton had practiced inthe state of Wyoming for 49 years.George D. Beech, MD Rush '91, ofRio Hondo, Texas, on July 5, 1945,after an illness of two weeks.Walter Aaron Palmer, MD Rush'92, formerly of Castle Rock, Arkansas, on March 31, 1946, at Chicago.Dr. Palmer was the father of WalterL. Palmer, '18, SM '19, MD '21, ofthe staff of the University of ChicagoClinics, and Donald A. Palmer, '20,MD '23, of Spokane, Washington.Jennie K. Boomer, '95, on March 6,1946, at Winnetka, Illinois.Thomas S. Morgan, '96, on September 17, 1945, at the VeteransHospital, Hines, Illinois.Florence S. Pierce, '01, on February 16, 1946, at Chicago.Herman Fischer, MD Rush '03, onApril 13, 1946, at Los Angeles, California.Grace G. Murray, '03, on January18, 1946, at Chicago. At the time ofher death she was teaching at FengerHigh School in Chicago.William C. Gunnerson, PhD '04,District Superintendent of Schools inBanning, California, suddenly ,onMarch 17, 1946.Jessie May Dillon, '08, on April 14,1946, at Normal, Illinois.Charles M. Bacon, MD '14, on July12, 1945, at Chicago. Helen E. Greenfield, '14, on December 25, 1945.Frederick A. Hill, Jr., '14, on May14, 1946, at Presbyterian Hospital inChicago after an illness of severalmonths.Mrs. Vsevolod G. Tellis (BlancheA. Mason, '14) puWicity director forthe Chicago Opera Company and theGrant Park summer concerts, onMarch 13, 1946, at Winnetka, Illinois.Mrs. F, A. Wright (Esther V. Al-dray, '14) on October 4, 1945.Cedric Valentine Merrill, '16, treasurer of the Hammond InstrumentCompany in Chicago and former assistant business manager of the Chicago Daily News, on May 19, 1946,at Evanston, Illinois.Howard deForest, PhD '20, suddenly, on April 4, 1946, at Los Angeles, where he had been professor ofbotany at the University of SouthernCalifornia for 24 years.Walter E. Kramer, '20, formerpresident of the Pullman Couch Company in Chicago, on October 15,1946. He is survived by his wife,the former Nanette Desenberg, '24.Warren E. Bull, JD '21, on April17, 1946.Louise Augusta Doerle, '29, onApril 20, 1946, at Pasadena, California.Lester David Condit, PhD '31, onFebruary 28, 1946, at Washington,D.C.Murray Churchill McNab, PhD'35, on May 4, 1946, at New YorkCity.Gladys Rogers Christianson, AM'41, on March 30, 1946. She is survived by her husband, John R. Christianson, '26, JD '29.Mrs. Mildred Bloxon (MildredThiem, '30) on January 24, 1,946, atChicago.William H. Huber, '34, on October28, 1945, from a prolonged heart ailment. Rev. Huber spent many summers on graduate work in the Divinity School, and had been pastor ofthe First Presbyterian Church in Akron, Ohio, for 25 years.Clyde R. Fisher, MD '35, in March,1946, at Decatur, Illinois.SUPER-GOLD CORPORATIONMANUFACTURERS OF COMMERCIALREFRIGERATION2221 South Michigan AvenueCHICAGO 16, ILLINOIS HAIR REMOVED FOREVERbefore mm*20 Years' ExperienceFREE CONSULTATIONLOTTIE A. METCALFEFlrCTROLYSIS EXPERTGraduate NurseMultiple ill platinum needles can tieused. Permanent removal of Hair fromFace, Eyebrows, Back of Neck or anypart of Body; destroys (Oil to 100 HairRoots per haul.Removal of Facial V.ins. Mnlrt andWat*.Member American Assn. MedicalHydrology and Physical Therapy.Telephone FRA 4885Suite 1705. Stevens Bldg.17 No. Stat* St.ferltct LovtttntMi It Wealth m BeamyAjax Waste Paper Co.2600-2634 W. Taylor St.Buyers of Any QuantityWaste PaperScrap Metal and IronFor Prompt Service CallMr. B. ShenrorT. Van Bnren 0230HOW MUCH 00 YOU KNOWAbout a metal you see every day ?^llttlW1WHAT MAKES STAINLESS STEEL "STAINLESS"?This bigh- speed train wears a gleaming sheath <>f steelthat's stainless — stainless because of the chromium itcontains. Trains, planes, buses and ears of the future allwill be liner still— and lighter, stronger, safer— because ofincreasing use of chromium in their steel-.. >m'¦~"AifSk iJm-v!I VI \m,. i it j ft"ymmew 1 \1yWHY DOES HER KITCHEN COME "jiff/ clean"?-Sparkling pans, pressure cooker, tableware, shining sinkand working surfaces in this modern kitchen all are highlyresistant to rust, stain, corrosion— are easy to clean, attractive and long-lasting. Why? Because CHROMIUM hasimparted these prized qualities to the steels of which theyare made. HOW DO REFINERIES STANDTHE "acid fest"?-Highly corrosive acids help refine America'soceans of high octane gasoline. Buttoday's refineries withstand fierceacids, high temperatures and pressures—because CHROMIUM stoutlyfortifies their metals. WHY CAN THIS TRUCK "takeit"?— The steels of many truck andautomobile bodies, springs, gearsand other parts contain CHROMIUM— for chromium helps give thesesteels amazing resistance to shock,fatigue, wear.c HKOMIUM is well known to many people for thepowerful influence it exerts upon steel. Most of thealloy steels relied upon today for beauty, durability,and resistance to heat and corrosion now contain thisinteresting element.Many years ago Units of Union Carbide discoveredhow to extract chromium from its native ore. Theysince have been constantly at work on the ever growing list of chromium alloys and their uses.Union Carbide does not make or fabricate steel. Electro Metallurgical Company and other Unitsof UCC, however, supply to industry such wonderworking metals as chromium, manganese, and vanadium. With these, and the many other basic rawmaterials produced by UCC, industry improves a thousand and one products that serve all of us.FREE: "Products and Processes of UCC," Booklet !'¦(>, tellsan illustrated story oj many basic materials industry uses tobuild this world about us. Send for a copy.UNION CARBIDE AND CARBON CORPORATION30 East 42nd Street HH3 New York 17, N. Y.Principal Units in the United States and their ProductsAtlOYS AND METALS— Electro Metallurgical Company, Haynes Stellitc Company, Kernel Laboratories Company, Inc., United States Vanadium CorporationCHEMICALS- Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation PLASTICS- Bakclitc Corporation ELECTRODES, CARBONS, AND BATTERIES- National Carbon Company, Inc.INDUSTRIAL GASES AND CARBIDE— The Linde Air Products Company, The Oxwcld Railroad Service Company, The Prcst-O-Litc Company, Inc.