THE UNIVERSITYOF(HKAGO MACAZINEJANUARY 19 4 6LETTERSOKINAWA AND GODAs I sit here in my cabin high ona cliff overlooking a deep, beautifulgreen valley, I can sense the presenceof a "drizzling fog" in the surrounding atmosphere, reminding me of atypical December day at the U. of C.However gloomy and desolate as itmay appear at present, it is trulyjustified by its marvelous appearancein pure sunlight. The sparkling droplets of dew present a diamond studdedfield. The fir trees of our great Northwest are beautiful, but the trees hereexceed any justifiable or descriptivemanner of words. One simply has tobe present and witness the Hand ofGod himself.And the birds? Yes! An ordinaryspecies of the common English sparrow is available at any time of theday. However, the true species arebeautiful and of solid hues. Their"speech", unlike that of our sparrowcannot be well understood. Nevertheless, the mere presence of such innocent life still informs one that theHand of God is omnipresent.Overlooking this miniature terracedvalley, one observes that the oppositebank presents a custom of many centuries. Yes, huge tombs filled with themarvelously preserved bones of civilization perhaps thousands of yearsold. The method of burial to an ordinary G.I. might be described merelyas "queer". However, to a studentlike myself, considerable interest isshown in the "where and whyfore"series.Besides these gray, outstandingmonsters of ages, one finds an occasional cave, hastily dug by the enemyto afford good protection. The giant,yawning mouths of these formidablecaverns are a great invitation as wellas an overwhelming temptation to"souvenir hunters". However, wildsport of this type is of no real interest to me. The souvenirs I possessare only those salvaged from ourcombat front. On the other hand,some of these enemy refuges stillmight harbor our most feared enemy,a device commonly known as the"booby-trap". So I ask you, is itworth my while to take such a chanceso late in the game? The answer isobvious.And once again, in my den highabove all possible sources of danger,my thoughts once more revert to myhome and my anticipated attendanceat the U. of C. Your "Private Maroon" and the Alumni Bulletin makeme once again feel that the time isgrowing shorter daily. Before long I hope to be back at Kent lab, Eckharthall, and all the other buildings sodear to me in the past.T/5 Ladislav J. Nesetril, '46Naga, OkinawaRECENT VISITORS TO ALUMNiHOUSELt. Bernard Weinberg, '30, PhD'36Simon Benson, '31Charles W. Greenleaf, '36W. O. James W. Degan, '42A. Lowenstein, '34B. T. Sandefur, '43Chf. Ph.M. John Fitzgerald, '43Lt. Joel Bernstein, '42Lt. George Davenport, '40Capt. Emmett Deadman, '39Capt. Robert B. Davis, '40Julius Tobin, '40Lt. Harold L. Hitchens, '35Lt. Col. Harold B. Bachman(former Director, U. of C. Band)Helene P. Gans, '14Lt. James L. Ray, '41Cpl. Frederic C. Berezin, '42CANT UNDERSTANDA few more weeks of terminal leaveand my military career is finished.Returned to the U.S.A. September24 and feel quite well "adjusted" atthis point. Only thing I can't understand is to find so many importantpeople who have learned absolutelynothing despite all the horrors thatour armed forces had to endure.Major Norman Lipsky, '37ChicagoHOLY (NAZI) VOWSI've been stationed in Oberammer-gau since August, that Bavarian village famous for its former productions of the Passion Play. Strange thatall of the leading characters were alsoleading characters in the support ofNazi Germany — an interesting contrast between their so-called "holyvows" and their actual support ofsomething so evil and un-religious.Bavaria is quaint and lovely — forthe Bavarians! I'll take the U.S.A.!This ETO assignment has given mea lot of opportunity for travel andI've "done" London, Paris and Venice, as well as many of the Germancities. However, these all look prettymuch alike — one mass of ruins andrubble looks pretty much like everyother.Lt. Herbert M. Zimmerman, '37c/o APO New York OR DESTRUCTIONJust returned to the States fromJapan. Saw Hiroshima and the effects of the atomic bomb. The thousands buried beneath the ruins areevidence of what we now face: anera of scientific advance guided bydesirable social motives or completedestruction through that very knowledge so difficultly acquired in ages.My initial impression in the U.S.is complacency, political ignoranceand nervous tension. The U. of C.now takes on new meaning to m& — asource of spiritual values^ togetherwith science, for the world.SOM 3/c Joe Elbein, '44c/o FPO, New YorkALUMNA IN SICILYI am writing as one of your alumniwho is devoted to the University andwishes that he were near enough tokeep in better touch with its affairs.Last week I happened to be talkingto a doctor here wTho gave me anitem that should interest you. He hadjust returned from service overseaswith the University of Virginia hospital unit and spoke in the highestpraise of Miss Ruth Buffington, AM'33, a Chicago alumna who servedas Red Cross Officer with their unit.She was with them in North Africa,at the landing in Sicily, and on lateroccasions, and the doctor intimatedthat her work was as good as that ofany Red Cross official with whom heserved.Indeed, he spoke of her work in themost exalted terms, and said that sheshould be given a Legion of Meritaward. I was well acquainted withRuth some fifteen years ago when wewere both graduate students in history at Chicago.Robert D. Meade, PhD '35Richmond, VirginiaA TRIBUTE TO DR. LAINGI shall always be grateful that Ihad some courses with Dr. Laingwhen I was an undergraduate, andthat I knew him later as AlumniDean. Shortly before he died I methim in the barber shop at the University Club and had such a pleasantchat with him. Your October articleintensifies my love and admirationfor him.As long as I lived only a block orso from the campus and had a sonor daughter in college, the Magazinedid not mean so much to me. Nowthat I am away up here in the Northwoods, and liking it better than anyplace I ever lived and worked, theMagazine fills a real need.Rev. K. O. CrosbyOwen, WisconsinWITH OUR ALUMNICLUBSDENVER, COLORADODenver alumni and friends met forluncheon on Saturday, Sept. 8, 1945,at one o'clock. The guest of honorwas Dr. Walter Johnson of the University faculty, who spoke on "Blueprints for a New World".DETROIT, MICHIGANOn October 16, 1945, the DetroitClub met for dinner at six o'clock,*and for a requested "repeat performance" by Dr. Walter Johnson of theHistory Department at the University,who spoke on "America Faces the Future". Dr. Johnson spoke to the Detroit club in May, and was invitedback again by overwhelming demand.The Detroit University of ChicagoClub is rather large (412 members)so it has been divided into two groups,with the point of division around 35.The "younger set" met at the homeof Mr. and Mrs. A. R. Gilpin on December 15, to organize for some additional social gatherings.SEATTLE, WASHINGTONSeattle alumni attended a dinneron October 25, 1945, at the GowmanHotel. Speakers were Robert F.Sandall, '15, who spoke on the earlyhistory of the club, and Edward W.Allen, '05, who spoke on "International Fisheries Cooperation."WASHINGTON, D. C.Emily Taft Douglas, '19, Congress-woman at large from Illinois, spokebefore the Washington Club on October 31, 1945, on the subject "TheBackwash of War in Europe and It'sEffect on Peace."On December 19, President Colwellwas guest of honor and speaker* atthe December meeting of the Washington Club. His subject was "TheUniversity Today: Its Organizationand Its Prospects".The Washington club has an interesting schedule lined up for the com-Jng year, with radio commentatorHilmar Baukhage, '11, promised forJanuary, and Major Paul Douglas,formerly of the University faculty,scheduled for February or March. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOMAGAZINEVolume 38 January, 1946 Number 3PUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONHOWARD W. MORTAssociate Editor CHARLTON T. BECKEditor EMILY D. BROOKEAssociate EditorIN THIS ISSUE pageLetters ----- ______ Cover II.The Free University, President Ernest C. Colwell ----- 3Policy Over Berlin, Laird Bell ----------- 5One Man's Opinion,. William V. Morgenstern - - - - -- - 10The Business of Citizens, Chancellor Robert M. Hutchins - - 11News of the Quadrangles^ Jeannette Lowrey - -- - - - 13Lafayette, We Are Here -------------17Chicago's Roll of Honor -------------19Three Faculty Sketches ------------- 21News of the Classes -_--___ 24COVER: President Ernest C. Colwell, Ph.D. '30Published by the Alumni Association of the University of Chicago monthly, from Octoberto June. Office of Publication, 573 3 University Avenue, Chicago 37, Illinois. Annual subscription price $2.00. Single copies 25 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934, atthe Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under the act of March 3, 1879. The American AlumniCouncil, B. A. Ross, advertising director, 22 Washington Square, New York, N. Y., is theofficial advertising agency of the Magazine,GARY, INDIANA -On December 7, 1945, the GaryAlumni Club had as guest of honorVice-president R. G. Gustavson, whodiscussed the University and theatomic bomb with the club.PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIAThe University of Chicago Club inPhiladelphia met December 4, 1945,for luncheon. The order of the daywas election of officers, and the following were elected: President, Edward Larson, PhD '29; Vice-president,Grace E. Wertenberger, SB '29, SM '32, PhD '39; Treasurer, John R.Whitaker, AM '32; and Secretary,Grace Solenberger, PhD '26.NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEYA new member in the family of thealumni clubs is the group recentlyorganized in New Brunswick. BlancheRiggs, PhB '07, AM '10 has beenchosen as president, and ElizabethSteichen, PhD '16 is the first secretary. Publicity for the newly formedclub is being handled by FranklinMiller, Jr., PhD '39. The- first meeting was held at the home of Mrs.Jacques S. Uhr, (Mary Wetsman, '18) .1GSpr lATFtts*^ \0tf>mc*tQ&l?1 ,&*11 \01 * rit\toi' **<• Vc^"ApW>!*• an* Jfor BtV^ , \onunder ,r>e* *nU°eoadr e&u. *en vneOti1 of^Vv^oVr^.?11--r.ar*or\>e^servl^l v.* \ an* .uPe/*n«lion *T 0ti.c* bnd „. 4^otV-eV- U.S. v tne i--ef ^*fV" V*nan* 8*3 and £^oV^^orrn^ ,dedtneed Wton ^H c«jn 6eTJo*e 0^^-stv>vV^ft. ©en *n\eotn"t^e»e ,A ore q ^ot\o -^jt^« ^0 .I'ctfnv '*THE CIRCUIT ENDS ON MIDWAYJ HE only news publishing e„p.,ience Oliver Chiesl everI h.d was ed,(,„g ,„ , Epworth U.gue n.ws ,he.t forbegan his long career ,n German prison camps.Camp morale was low; news distributed by the Sermans was all bad; every day Oliver saw the eyes of more•and more boys settle into a who-gives-a-damn stare Thehopeless future began to affect him the amewa T„^Tu-bured h'S EpWOr+h Uague e*Perience. % gollyhe d publish a camp newspaper with the news reversed-seen through the eyes of the United Nations rCVerSedthn?^ P"Vj f nnou"feLment on the bu»etin board forthose interested in publishing a camp paper to see himI^Vw^antique typewriter9 for offiilT3n£ T 6Tm C°Awas allowed to pass out limited stocks of paper-two toa prisoner now and then. They located n»rtZt u slof ink as undernourished as the" XeVb 'f tltitheadings, and the typewriter was maA* L ., ut* b$ rd ; *F*5 f ^ *£."££" *eWhen Editor Chiesl was discharged last fall h* ,J;,J„'+return to his accounting desk at Celotev H he.°,dn*as a freshman on the Midway. Oliver Wer~+ U^'l^ifrom how to read a book to Wi^^J^ t^e of. c°fnelo^/^&n,csiif--|d's lit£V oto^T,^e.oflar^ 3oe/roo^X vVf5•lB,Cr» t\>e .. 1V.CVs.ear«^^es if3 int *or^ Benic.t» ^U-cr.^ tV«\IP®* at*re <-1ing.eneVtcbr*B\tool^.r" *»*...*.Tio. *n1B,er* 6Ve«^ vHerc^yer.^e^°> Vr* ^Vvor-^te•c.v,uted «e aVce reP«Ttv,ti.trWedAeca> f" ",«P«V;Vt*.vi^U Jt. ^ tmi4, >».aBn*\?oc?^^ ^nuned^ftoliVsWc** too' LO c^)^>; T\^* u^eA^°\^l^^5. o»^ ve*!lv^ ^S- T^?e' «&: *°«?r^?Qio^i!.^^.^!:¦o^rv: op- '^u^ Sc,ouc^\%oo M*£- ke>^^i^THE FREE UNIVERSITY• By PRESIDENT ERNEST C. COLWELL, Ph.D. '30From Ignorance toJustice and VirtueTWO weeks ago I participated in a radio programwhich presented Socrates as the symbol of a University. In that program, the radio audience wastold that Socrates insisted on freedom of inquiry. Andhe warned his judges — when he was on trial for his life— not to spare him on condition that he stop teaching,for that was an impossible condition for him. His requirements were: Freedom to study — even to questionthe orthodox faith in the Gods! Freedom to teach — eventhough parents and the city elders protest! It is nowonder that the colleges and universities have claimedSocrates down through the generations as the first Martyr to Academic Freedom.But I wish to avoid some of that glittering generalityof utterance so typical of college presidents, and talkspecifically to you who graduate today. Thus I hopeI may without arrogance speak of your University asthe Free University.Does this University deserve the title of freedom beyondothers? In two regards it does. It is free from someof the threa-ts that are still inevitably associated withstate control. It is freer than the state university —though the amount of tuition you have had to pay. maymake you doubt it. The repression and interference andlimitation on the freedom of state universities in recentyears in Georgia, in Texas, and in California are unfortunately not rare exceptions. Pressure groups, intrenchedinterests, or even a single ambitious political careerist,attack the freedom of the state university and limit itseffectiveness.In so far as your University is concerned, no pressuregroup from right or left has ruled it in the past; andthis tradition of freedom is one of its bulwarks now.Under a Los Angeles dateline, this week's papers say"Reds to be driven from campus!" ' They tell us thatthe directors of a state university have established twonew regulations: the first is that all professors shall besound supporters of Americanism; the second requiresamong other things that no student shall do anythingwhich might be regarded by others as representing theuniversity without written permission in advance. Whenwitch hunters attack your University, the result is not anew crop of restrictions for the campus. Instead thosewho came to scoff often remain to increase your endowment.So strong is this local tradition, that not even theBoard of Trustees of this University is a threat to itsfreedom. The Trustees' record is an exemplary one.Their most recent acts manifest not only their concernfor academic freedom, but also their desire that the University be free to change. Thus the Board of Trusteesare a roadblock between us and hostile raiders. So longas faculty and administration cooperate, there is nosmooth highway down which the enemies of our freedomcan easily advance against us.Yet is is as true as it is forgotten that no universitycan long be free without giving some surety to societythat it is good for society to have a free university. Thecommon campus orthodoxy is not enough for this. Theworld that exists around us is not impressed when wesay that we must have academic freedom if we are tohave a good university. The world does not easily understand universities, and is inclined to doubt that it needsthem. The Athenians decided that they would be betteroff without Socrates, and it is quite possible that in theturbulent decades ahead a popular vote would go againstthe free universities.What is our own answer to any one who challengesour right to this unusual freedom? A professor's childreports to his parents that education at the Universityof Chicago is wonderful. "At the University," he says,"you learn to be entirely free from the ideas and opinions of your parents." To this student and to some ofthe rest of us, freedom is definitely freedom from andnot freedom for.When a student comes for the first time to thesequadrangles, the University marshals all its resources oflaboratories, libraries, and learned men to emancipatehim from ignorance, from fear, from superstition, andfrom juvenile commitments. I believe that you will testify that it does this job well. The Freshman skull iscracked open; it is cleaned, and disinfected. Unfortunately, it is often left in a condition of pure sterility.This sterility results from the traditional concept ofacademic freedom as a freedom intolerant of any commitment. It is hard to believe that the faculty of a freeuniversity could view with alarm the assertion that theuniversity should have a purpose. Yet this has happenedeven when that purpose was defined as the exaltationof intellectual, spiritual, and moral values. The freedomof the University cannot long endure if its full definitionis no more than that the individual professor and theindividual student is to be free to study what interestshim and to teach what he will. To what end shouldsociety grant this egregious liberty to us?The ominous shape of legislation in Washington hasopened our eyes to the danger of an objectivity so complete that it is .indifferent to the social implications ofour study. We know now that a freedom once established on a campus does not enjoy permanent tenure.It is a term appointment, and the reappointment mustThe Free University is the title of President ColwelPsWinter Convocation address, given in Rockefeller Memorial Chapel on December 21.3THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEbe justified to society. The recent threat to basic scientific research has changed academic thinking on thissubject. The Council of the Senate of this Universityfaculty has addressed a memorial to the Congress of theUnited States, in which it not only tries to make clearwhat is essential to basic scientific research but also attempts to show that this university work is of great valueto the nation.The particular scientific discoveries around which thecurrent controversy rages are a fair sample of the universities' value to society. What the scientists have discovered makes possible a revolution in technology and inengineering, as well as in warfare. In every area ofstudy, this is the value of the free university to society;the free university can help society to transcend itslimitations and transform itself. It would be puerile for•the University to rest its case on the atomic bomb, oreven on atomic energy. Shall we be granted this tremendous freedom so that man may have cheaper power,and nothing more? This freedom was given us so thatthe world in which succeeding generations of graduatesgrow up may have more of justice, more of reason, andmore of righteousness.Socrates used to say that he was sent by the Godsas a sort of gad-fly to the city of Athens, to sting it toaction! The Free University is an intellectual gad-fly tothe nation.This Socrates is often misunderstood by his academicadmirers. His disclaimer of knowledge and his use ofthe question and answer have led some to believe that he was concerned only to ask. They assume they arefollowing him if they regard the perpetuation of hismethod as the goal of learning. But for him freedomto study and teach was only a means. Socrates stoodsomewhere. He consistently championed the values ofthe intellect over those of the body, the great things ofthe soul above possessions or wealth; virtue and justiceabove all. It is this that makes his execution a tragedy.Not one of the sophisticated radio actors who recentlydramatized his trial and death was unmoved by it; severalof them actually wept. They did not weep because achampion of free research was denied that freedom.They wept because this stubborn seeker after truth hadlearned some truths he was willing to die for. And because human passion and ignorance forced him, "thebest and justest of men" — as Crito called him — to die.After the long process of your emancipation as a student in school, in college, and in the University — are youstill free to believe in the highest good that you havefound? Are you still free to commit yourself to that?If you are, you will be our best hostages to society — muchmore effective guarantors of our freedom than memorialsand petitions to Congress.For the aim of the University is identical with thatof Socrates: to free men from ignorance so that theymay be free to commit themselves to justice, to virtue,and to the high qualities of the human soul. This isthe Freedom for which you are set Free. Be not enslaved again' under a yoke of bondage!January Snow Covers Hutchinson CourtPOLICY OVER BERLIN• By LAIRD BELL, J.D. '07Let ThemStarve QuietlyMY thesis is that our policy in Germany is wrong.It is a policy designed to punish Germany. Itis designed not to prevent her from again plunging the world into war, but, I believe, rather to invitesuch a war.When I speak of policy I am not speaking of the administration of policy. General Eisenhower, GeneralClay, and General Draper are soldiers. They are carrying out orders in letter and spirit. They neither makepolicy nor modify it. Whatever trouble there has beenin Germany has not resulted from the failure of thesemen to carry out the dictates of the national policy laiddown for them.Even if I felt otherwise about my superiors I presumablyought not publicly to criticize their actions. But when itcomes to national policy, I think I .am free, as a citizenof this democracy, to speak my piece.National policy is made in Washington. Our policy inGermany is embodied, in the first instance, in a directiveto the Commander in Chief from the Joint Chief of Staff,i.e., the Chiefs of Staff of the Army and Navy in consultation with the head of the Air Force. This is the famousDirective JCS-1067. But that does not tell the wholestory. JCS-1067 was written over several months by aninterdepartmental committee containing also representatives of the State Department, the Foreign Economic Administration and the Treasury. A casual observer mightquery whether the State Department alone was not theproper agency to determine at least non-military policy.He would certainly question the place of the Treasuryin the picture. There is no point in mincing words: theTreasury had too much influence in the result. Too muchof the Morgenthau plan, presented at Quebec in 1944 andquickly shushed at that time, was written into 1067, andMr. Morgenthau, in his book, indicates satisfaction withthat achievement.The policy that was evolved is one of retribution. Ittears down, it punishes, it calls for years of suppression ifnot oppression. It was conceived in hate and born inwar hysteria.Our true purpose in Germany, I submit, should be toprevent her from plunging the world into war again, andonly that. I do not think we are appointed to administer punishment. I have read somewhere that vengeance is the Lord's. It has yet to be proved that punishment or fear of it deters the individual from crime. Ithas yet to be proved that it will deter a nation more thanan individual. History is full of cases where vengeancehas bred revenge. Simply kill sixty-five million!The simple way to prevent another German war is tokill 65 million Germans. We hesitate about that. Anotherway is to police her indefinitely. There is no chancewhatever that Germany can rebuild strength enough tostart another war for five or ten years. It took Hitler sixyears to build a war machine out of a highly industrializedgoing economy. It is fantastic to suppose that a machinecapable of conducting total war can be reconstructed outof the ruins in less time. If this is true, prevention ofanother war by policing Germany will require keepingoccupation forces in that country over many years, probably over the next generation. I ask you, how many ofyou want your sons to give a year of their lives to thatjob? I ask you, how many of you have urged your sonsnow there to give an extra month to it?If we are not willing to kill off the Germans and if weare not willing to police them indefinitely, what can bedone now? The answer is not easy. But certainly thepolicy embodied in 1067 is not the answer. JCS-1067requires military government to demilitarize, deindus-trialize, decentralize, decartelize, denazify and, in generalto destroy. Time is lacking to take up all these negatives. It will serve my purpose to consider denazification.This directs that all members of the Nazi Party whohave been more than nominal participants in its activitiesand all active supporters of Nazism shall be removed frompublic office, and also from positions of importance inprivate industry. They are not only to be removed fromthese positions, they are also to be excluded from themapparently for all time. Let us consider what this means.There were between six and eight million Nazi Partymembers. That means that about three out of ten ofthe adult males were enrolled. These were not just politicians. Few men in public life, few doctors, professors,judges and the like, could hold their places without joining the Party. Few managers of businesses risked eitherthe property in their charge or their own jobs by declining to join. German life was dominated in every detailby the Nazis with a completeness that it is hard for useven after our own war experiences to imagine.When our armies came in, German life was at a standstill. The factories and cities were ruined to a degreeLaird Bell returned from Germany, where he had servedas Deputy Director of the Economic Division of the Officeof Military Government, with definite opinions concerningour policy over Berlin. In December, before the Councilon Foreign Relations, he expressed these opinions. Whenwe asked his permission to publish them Mr. Bell consentedbut recommended drastic editing because of the lengthof the speech. Conscientiously we tried to follow his instructions — with little success. Just what would YOU have"cut"? We decided you would appreciate the full textwhich we give you here with only minor deletions. LairdBell is a Chicago attorney and a member of the University'sBoard of Trustees.56 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZI N Ethat literally beggars description. You have seen manypictures of ruins, but they do not convey the impressionthat you get from motoring mile after mile betweenmountains of rubble. No factory wheels were turning.Railroads were running only as patched up by the Alliesfor military use. Bridges were blown up with fiendishingenuity on highways and on railroads so as not onlyto stop all traffic but also to block the rivers and canalswhich they crossed. All motor transport was denied toGermans. They could not travel even on foot from onevillage to another without permission of the military;they could not telephone or send letters even in the sametown. Military Government detachments responsible fortheir districts as they came in on the heels of the armieshad, in order to prevent starvation, to put to use anybodyor thing that they could lay hands on. They had no timeto find out who was a Nazi and who was not. Immediately a clamor arose from this side of the water thatMilitary Government was not being tough enough, andas time went on the clamor increased. Public officialswere pretty well cleared out, vetted, to adopt the Britishterm, but though there was no industry the witchhunters insisted that industry, too, should be vetted. Inconsequence a sweeping law was finally promulgatedwhich required all German industries to dismiss all Nazisand ardent supporters from any but unskilled jobs.The leadership is in jailNo imagination is required to see what all this did tothe governmental and industrial life of Germany. Itmeant that administrative jobs in government and business must be taken over by the inexperienced, by old menwho had not been active in the past 15 years, by thosewhose vigor had been sapped by concentration camps,and the like. The shattered machinery of the life of 65million people had to be put together and run by amateurs.Observe, first, what this did to the men we invited torun the machine. We handed them an impossible task.Failure is inevitable. It is equally inevitable that thesemen, our friends and our appointees, those upon whom.we have counted to build a peaceful Germany, will beblamed by their own people for that failure. After thelast war we imposed upon the democratic elements thejob of reviving a defeated Germany through the WeimarRepublic. The Republic became the symbol of defeat anddisgrace and was the easy victim of the Nazis.Observe, next, what this policy does to the literallymillions of men not only removed from their jobs butexcluded from similar jobs for all time. The list includednot only high officials in government and in business, butdoctors, lawyers, judges, a distressingly high percentageof university professors and something over 80% of theschool teachers. They have been set literally to diggingditches and cleaning sewers and told there is no hope ofanything better. Many are not merely removed. JCS-1067requires the actual jailing of many categories of officialsholding important positions in industry, agriculture and education. The last time I heard the figures we had 103,,000 Germans in jail in our zone alone. Many of thesewere not Nazis or even sympathizers; some we had already turned to for advice on the management of Ger-many. But there they were. Nobody then knew how toget them out of jail, and there was talk of appointinga committee to determine what to do with them next.This is not a question of punishing a few. Our indis-criminate condemnation of whole categories of Germanscreates a mass of men, almost certainly including the mostaggressive and competent elements of the population,as well as the vigorous young men fired with the super-man philosophy, who are to be kept in servitude for therest of their lives. They can have no hope for a decentlife unless they break out of that servitude. We thusensure an explosive element that will only await a newDer Tag to throw off its chains.Would we brave concentration and death?It is easy to say that the Germans have asked for thistreatment and that they should have stood up against theNazis. Some did, and all honor to them. But before wetake too superior an attitude toward those who wentalong, let us ask ourselves how many of us stand upagainst the dominant beliefs of bur friends and neighbors — not to mention the dangers of the concentrationcamp. Hitler did restore their self respect when allmen's faces were turned from them. He did stop unemployment. He did give the young people something tolive for and something they thought it worth while to sacrifice themselves for. And we should not forget that heplayed on the fear of Bolshevism which loomed a few milesaway across Poland. Our views may have been modifiedin the last few years, but it is fair to ask how many of uscan throw stones at people that feared communism.This is not to stay that the leading Nazis who formedtheir foul policies and carried out their bestial ordersshould not have condign punishment. But I submit thatby hounding all party members we are doing two thingsthat bode ill for the future: We condemn our friendsto blame for inevitable failure; and we condemn themost vigorous elements of the people to a life withouthope of anything but revenge.So much for the policy of retribution as applied toindividuals. The same policy is to be applied to Germanindustry itself. In this regard JCS-1067 is largely superseded by the Potsdam Agreement of the Big Three. Thisagreement provides for destroying arms and implementsof war and for restricting the production of metals,chemicals and machinery to Germany's peacetime needs.The standard of living contemplated for her peacetimeneeds is the average standard of living of European countries other than the United Kingdom and the Soviet Republics. The productive capacity not needed for thatmodest standard is to be taken away for reparations ordestroyed.On its face this is fair enough. With the policy oitaking reparations in the form of capital equipment oneTHE UNIVERSITY OFLaird Bellcannot have any quarrel. At least in this respect we donot repeat the mistakes of the last peace. Last time weasked for reparations in money. We then learned theelementary economic fact that that meant payment byexports. Germany had little raw material to export except coal. So she had to develop and speed up her industrial plant and we all obliged by lending her money todevelop that plant. We demanded colossal amounts ofreparations which she could meet only over some sixtyyears and the threat of such reparations hung over theworld economy like a pall. While the amount that maybe recovered from Germany by removal of her industrial plant now is pitifully small in relation to the damageshe has done, it at least has the virtue of not stimulatingher industrial output. If payment in that form could beaccomplished once and for all, Europe could, when it iscompleted, settle down to a productive economy. Potsdam, however, is ominously silent on the question whetheradditional reparations may not yet be demanded fromcurrent exports. The benefit of taking reparations incapital form is thus largely offset by having the questionleft open.But this is not all. The scale of reparations contemplated by the Potsdam Agreement threatens to make Germany the economic plague spot of Europe. Germany hasnever, in modern times, been able to feed herself. " Despite intensive Nazi efforts to make the country self-sufficient, Germany has had to import a substantial part of CHICAGO MAGAZINE 7her food. To pay for the food she had to export something. The Potsdam Agreement recognized this and provided that payment of reparations should leave Germanyenough resources to permit her to subsist without externalassistance and made the cost of imports a first lien uponthe proceeds of her exports. But this was apparentlydone without realizing the significance of the fact thatthe Potsdam Agreement also recognized the cession ofeastern Germany to Poland. The eastern provinces werethe bread baske.t of Germany and the cession of East Prussia, Pomerania, Silesia and part of Brandenburg loppedoff at least 25% of the" indigenous food supply of thecountry. As if that were not bad enough, Poland thenordered the Germans to leave the ceded territory andat the same time Czechoslovakia ordered out all Germans living in that country. This entailed a forced migration of 10 to 12 million people into a truncatedGermany, so that at one stroke a quarter of the foodsupply was cut off while the population of the remnantwas increased 15%.In terms of mere subsistence, therefore, what is left ofGermany will have to export substantially in order tobuy food outside. This means the maintenance of someconsiderable degree of industrial production in Germany,for she has no great stores of raw materials to ship out.Let them starve . . .A study as to what level of industry must be retainedfor this purpose was undertaken by Mr. Calvin Hoover,a distinguished American economist, and this study hasbeen accepted by the other national elements as a basisfor discussion. Mr. Hoover's conclusion was that "theconflict between an extreme degree of industrial disarmament, spread over a number of key industries, andthe goal of maintaining a minimum German standardof living according to the assumed formula, while providing for the costs of the occupying forces, seems insoluble under conditions such as those brought about bylosses of territory."When this study became public, a storm broke out incertain Washington circles and among the bloodthirstiestof the commentators. Some took the line that if theGermans starved it was just too bad. Others discoveredthat Mr. Hoover was Dean of the Graduate School ofDuke University, which had been endowed with fundsderived from the power industry, and that Mr. Hooverwas presumably no better than he should be. Mr. Hooverwould be the first to admit that his figures could beattacked in many details, but I do not believe that anyone has yet been able to disprove his conclusion.... in a healthy outdoor atmosphereRetribution thus comes in the back door. Under theguise of reparations and destruction of war plants, Germany is to be stripped of its industrial capacity and madea pastoral nation. This is the essence of the Morgenthauplan. Mr. Morgenthau's book suggests that thus theGermans will have a healthy outdoor life and Europe8 T H E UNIVERSITY O F CHICAGO MAGAZINEwill be at peace. But putting more men to work in thesame fields will not produce substantially more food. Putting more men to work in 75% of the fields will certainlynot do so. The book abounds in statistics as to Germany'sfood capacity, but the statistics are based upon theassumption that Pomerania and Brandenburg are stillproducing parts of the Reich. It is also to be noted thatthe book appeared after the amputation was an accomplished fact, but the statistics and conclusions were unchanged.It seems to follow cjuite simply that if we remove ordestroy all of such German industrial plants as mightbe used for war purposes, we condemn to starvation asubstantial part of the population. We recoil from reducing the population by firing squads. We are just going tolet them starve quietly. And this is not fanciful. TheGermans in the smaller towns have lived through thesummer by supplementing their rations by garden truckand cellar stocks, but these are now being exhaustedand in the cities, like Berlin, infant mortality of 50%for this winter is predicted, while the whole population isbeing made the easy victim of epidemics and disease.It is important to note here that this retribution willnot be visited upon the Germans alone. The economyof Europe has for many years been dependent on German steel, chemicals and heavy machinery. Part of theGerman domination in these fields was due to cartels,subsidies, and a desire to build a war machine, but partof it was due to the presence of good coal mines, to theskill of the Germans and to their unquestionable industry.It is nonsense to suppose that this productive capacitycan be reestablished quickly by yanking the equipmentout of Germany and setting it up somewhere else inEurope where the natural economic conditions are lessfavorable and the working population less experienced.Further, an economic plague spot in the middle ofEurope will not create a healthy atmosphere for thesurrounding countries. Germany has not only suppliedcoal, steel, chemicals and the like to the rest of Europe;it has been also the market in which much of Europe soldits own products, agricultural and otherwise. Thoserelationships cannot be permanently disruputed withouteconomic distress and convulsions in many countries, nearand remote. It might even be mentioned that beforethe war Germany was. one of our own best customers.We thus in our concentration on punishment are creating not only a potential body of revolutionaries by ourpolicies like denazification but by our industrial disarmament we are reducing the rest of the nation to abasis close to starvation. And starving men are not sweetlyreasonable. They are stunned and docile now and havenot felt the full pinch. The future is a different matter.And if Europe as a whole suffers from the policies, wewill certainly have created a fertile field for new politicalphilosophies and new fuehrers.These are the policies in force today. There are othersthat point the same way, but these will illustrate my con tention. You may well ask what else we can do now. Itmay be too late to do anything. It seems clear that ifafter the collapse of the German armies we had all pulledout and left the Germans to clean up the mess theywould have gotten the idea that the war hadn't been agood thing. They had only to look about them to seethe incredible ruin of their cities, their machinery rusting under the rubble of bombed factories, their railroadsbroken and their waterways blocked. They could understand that war — and the retreating Nazis who devastatedtheir own country with fanatic zeal — had done that. TheGermans, however, have their full share of the humantendency to blame others. We have now taken chargeand it is going to be easy to blame us for their troubles,for the inevitable failure to distribute food, to get thewheels turning and to move what coal the miners canproduce. The longer we stay the more we shall be identified with their troubles.For example we are going to feed them this winter andtalk about 1,550 calories per person per day. Medical mensay this is barely enough to support life on a completelyinactive basis. The minimum is one-third more, and ourown national average is more than twice this amount.We should have no illusions that we shall be thanked forthis. We will merely be blamed because the hand-outis not enough. The sooner we get away from all this thebetter.I believe the best we can do now is to impose somesimple prohibitions like forbidding the manufacture oroperation of airplanes, take in reparations what we canwithout reducing the country to starvation, keep somesort of control over the distribution of German coal whichis the life-blood of her industry, reserve the right to inspect and return when we see fit, and leave surveillanceof the country to the neighbors, letting the Germansclean their own house.A ray of hopeIt is a comfort to turn from these depressing mattersto something that has a ray of hope. It is only a ray, butit is worth looking at. I refer to the beginnings of international cooperation involved in quadripartite government.The Allied Control Council has been set an almostimpossible task. The Allies had no German governmentto deal with, no emperor to give orders to, no civil authority whatever to work with. It was a completely disintegrated aggregation of 65 million stunned people. Itwould have been bad enough for one supreme commander to handle. But the country had been carved intofour arbitrary zones of occupation. The zonal boundaries have neither governmental nor economic justification; they were determined solely by military considerations. Some such division was inevitable, for in thenature of military administration more than one commander in any given area is an impossibility. But Germany is a highly integrated country. The simplest manufacture involved interdependence of the regions. OneTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 9process would take place in one zone, the next in another, the next in a third, and coal must be gotten- fromthe Ruhr or Silesia to all of them. Some form of centraladministration was needed and on many matters uniformpolicy was essential. The Control Council was set upto furnish this.Could foreigners overrule the senate?How can such an agency work? With our traditionswe might say that it should proceed*by majority vote. Ifthe British, the Soviets and ourselves want something •and the French do not, it ought to be possible to saythat the majority should prevail. But nations are notlike that. Suppose the other three wanted somethingwhich we opposed; can you imagine the Senate standing for our being overruled by foreigners? Or, can youimagine Main Street agreeing? It was inescapable, then,that unanimous consent should be required. Yet to getfour men to agree, speaking . the same language andhaving on the whole the same outlook and philosophy,is hard enough; it is scarcely conceivable that four nations could build a government for a modern state outof its ruins by such machinery. Yet the facts are whatthey are,, and there is nothing to do but try to makethe machinery work.To some degree it is working, however cumbersomely.At the start it looked pretty hopeless. The machine wasa sort of Rube Goldberg structure. Each commanderwas supreme legislative, executive and judicial authorityin his own zone. As to matters affecting Germany as awhole, the commanders were to agree upon commonpolicies by unanimous consent. As the top commandershad other matters to attend to, the working job was givento a Coordinating Committee, on which General Clay isour brilliant and hard-working representative. Under theCoordinating Committee are 1 2 directorates, matchingroughly the former German ministries. Of these the mostimportant at present is the Economic. General Draper,who is the American delegate, I have already spoken of.The British delegate is a British industrialist, cool, sophisticated and very able. The French delegate is from oneof the French ministries, urbane, friendly and completelycharming. The Soviet delegate is General Shabalin, aman in his early forties, who had charge of the removalof Russian factories ahead of the German advance andis quite ready to move a lot of German factories now — ¦forceful, shrewd, typical of the modern Soviet official,and when you get to know him, very human and friendly.Like strange bulldogsWe sat around four sides of a large square table, eachdelegate flanked by deputies and secretaries and interpreters and occasional kibitzers. Each nation in rotationfurnished the chairman and the secretarial services for amonth. The chairman would lead off with some observations. These had to be interpreted then into two otherlanguages. The answers and comments and argumentshad to be produced in the same labored fashion. There were, however, not merely these mechanical difficulties.Some words had no exact Russian or French equivalent,others had entirely different connotations. After literallyhours of discussion, we would often find that we had beentalking about quite different things. It was all prettytrying and the meetings often lasted for eight or ninehours, but we did somehow carry on.At first we were rather on edge, eyeing one anotherlike strange bulldogs, but as time went on the atmospheregot less tense. We got to know one another, we dinedwith one another, we joked rather laboriously throughinterpreters during the lunch hour. General Draper tookthe other delegates to the Riviera by plane for a weekend and M. Sergent, the French delegate, gave the Russians their first view of Paris. They all came back friends.We found we were all human beings and our earlier suspicious attitude subsided to one merely of proper wariness. Not that there weren't clashes, and hard ones, butany lawyer knows how much less violent his client willbe in the presence of the opposition than he is thumpingthe table in his own office.After we had shaken down this way, we made someprogress. It was dishearteningly slow, but it was progress,and to me it was significant. It suggested that by ourrubbing against one another continuously, week in andweek out, some degree of genuine international workingtogether was possible.This possibility for working together exists much lessin the highly publicized formal conferences like those ofthe Big Three. They meet in a hubbub of publicity for abrief time and hurry away. Understanding of the otherman's problems does not grow under the glare of klieglights or out of solemn toasts at formal dinners. It takestime and patience to find out what can be agreed uponand it takes time, patience and understanding to feel outthe most workable compromises between conflictingviews.I have emphasized that in the continuing quadripartite procedure, there is a ray of hope for lasting cooperation. It must be equally clear that the necessarily cumbersome procedure is not adapted to detailed governmentof a major nation. I believe that in the end it must evolveinto the enunciation of very broad principles for actionto be carried out by the German agencies themselves.This, I am sure, is not inconsistent with the proposal Ihave advanced earlier. The Germans would dig themselves out of their own mess under only the most generalsurveillance. The responsibility would be kept where itbelongs, the Allies would be in the position of ultimatecontrol, we could take our part in the overall policywithout having police duties, and the arrangement wouldstill preserve the values of nations learning how to worktogether.Tolerance and mutual understandingI find on my return an attitude toward our partners,and particularly the Soviets, that gives me much con-(Concluded on Page 16)ONE MANTS OPINION __• By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN, '20, J.D. '22ONE of the most interesting by-products of theatomic bombs has been their effect in transmuting physicists and chemists into social scientists,propagandists, and public speakers. From the NobelPrize winners to the young scientists whose studies wereinterrupted by the need for scientific skill of any kind,they have been testifying before Congress, engaging inradio speeches, writing articles, and talking to women'sclubs. They have thrown off their old reticence, theirreluctance to appear before the public or to be quotedin the newspapers, to stage one of the biggest programsof mass education of the war time era.The suggestion which has been made in some quarters that all this activity is indicative of a feeling of guiltfor loosing nuclear energy on the world has little basis.In the first place, the scientists engaged in the effort toachieve the bomb under the compulsion of the knowledgethat the Germans were so engaged. The recent discovery that the Germans had made no progress does notalter the circumstances; the gamble that Hitler's boyswould fail was one that the country could not take. Inthe second place, a good many of the key men hoped thattheir intensive work would demonstrate that the releaseof nuclear energy was an impossibility. When they didreach the stage where they had bombs ready to let go,it is an open secret that they made earnest representations to the government that the bomb not be used, orif used, only as a demonstration. It might be observedat this point that those who now want to keep the "secret"of the atomic bomb might well have taken the advicethat the bomb be withheld, for its use on Hiroshima andNagasaki was an announcement that nuclear energy couldbe released in controllable form.What brought the scientists to their new way of ; lifewas their understanding of the terrible potentialities ofwhat they had set loose. Most o£ the public was willing toaccept the bomb as just another proof of American superiority, and this notion was encouraged by the demandsfrom some quarters that the secret of the bomb be keptby the United States, England, and Canada. The scientists knew there was no secret; all the theoretical knowledge which they used had been available before 1940.The notion of keeping a secret that was no secret at allwas a dangerous delusion, for any country with the industrial capacity to want it, could make the bomb, too.With the United States continuing production of thebomb and stockpiling it, there was every inducement tosuch countries to go to work without loss of time. TheSmyth report gave a rather complete blueprint; at thevery least it would save others much of the effort whichthe atomic scientists in this country had necessarily made.The demand for secrecy was implemented by a proposal hurried into Congress in the form of the May-Johnson bill, which would set up a dictatorship inscience that was practically unlimited, beyond even the power of the President to guide or impede. The May-Johnson bill would have ended completely the freedomof scientists in the nuclear field, and was so broad in itsterms that it could have been used to control and gagthem in every area, biological as well as physical, if thecommission it provided so decided. It would have cutoff the free interchange of reports of scientific research.This was all part of the delusion of the so-called secret.The results of pure research which were used to makethe bomb had been the product of international science;as a matter of harsh fact, if the bomb had depended onAmerican research only, the world still would not behaunted by the bomb. In the long run, this isolation ofscience in this country would have meant that the UnitedStates even would fall behind in the race of armaments.« So the scientists went to work, first to block the May-Johnson bill, and secondly to get enough understandingin the country to make an intelligent policy possible.They got started just in time; the pressure to rush thebill through was great, and it undoubtedly would havesucceeded if the scientists had stayed in the laboratories.Their first efforts were naive and fumbling, but they didmanage to convey the general idea that the future ofthe world depended on a little wisdom in determiningpolicy. In one sense they succeeded in frightening thepublic, simply by telling the facts, or as much of the factsas the censorship which still exists would permit. Theygot the ear of some of the enlightened members of Congress, so that after the bill had been railroaded in committee, it began to lose momentum. Now the substituteMcMahon bill has been introduced. It has much moreintelligent and workable provisions than those of the firstbill. Members of Congress have attended seminars taughtby scientists, and in them, along with conclusions andreasons as to policy, they have been given an understanding of some of the physical facts of the nature of the atom.The sooner there is action on the question of policy,the better it will be. Although the big organizations ofatomic scientists have been kept almost as fully mobilizedas they were during the war, applied research has cometo pretty much of a standstill. Until there is a law,the research men can not resume their theoretical work.Having used up all the theory built up since the discovery of radium, there is need for such research. Withoutit, the beneficial aspects of nuclear energy can not bedeveloped in such fields as biology, medicine, or industry.And finally, until there is a law, the great question ofwhat can be worked out among the nations of the worldto prevent a war that might end up in the disintegrationof the earth itself, can not be undertaken. If and whenall these questions are resolved, the interesting speculation remains as to whether or not the scientists will retreat to their workrooms and forget their newly acquiredskill in public speaking.10THE BUSINESS OF -CITIZENS• By CHANCELLOR ROBERT M. HUTCHINSTHE time has come for all men of good will tostand up and be counted, to say what kind ofcountry we are going to have and what kind ofworld we want. It is clear that we cannot look to theGovernment in Washington to give us light and leading on these issues. That Government, though it is stilldistinguished by the monolithic figure of the Old Curmudgeon, is rapidly becoming a Government of smalltime politicians, whose only fixed purpose is to stay inoffice.I do not deny that the Government has from time totime talked as though it had some higher aspirations. Ithas said that it was for fair employment practices, socialsecurity, unemployment benefits, medical care, and fullemployment. But since the administration has actuallydone nothing about any of these matters, we can onlyconclude that the boys in the back room have beentipped off that they do not have to take these professionsseriously. These professions are put forward only because there are some liberal votes that are worth catching.No one will suppose that the way to get a liberal Government is to vote the Republicans into office. They donot even bother to talk liberal. They feel that thecountry is prepared for reaction, and they are ready tosupply it. In a way they are right. The Republicanswill carry the House in 1946, because, if the countryis going to have reaction, it would rather take itstraight, and not mixed with liberal doubletalk. Or, toput it another way, the country would rather take itsreaction from Taft and the National Association ofManufacturers than from minor midgets like Bilbo,Rankin, and Hannegan. If we are going to have reaction, let us have it from experts and those who honestlybelieve it is good for J:he country and not from thosewho are ignorant o? or indifferent to any considerationbut their own publicity and power.The administration apparently believes that the American people are so stupid that they can't tell a reactionary Government when they see one. Yet the issuesare what they have always been. They are peace, prosperity, and justice. By what a Government does, notwhat it says, to promote peace, prosperity, and justice,the American people are accustomed to judge its character, and by these* tests they will have no difficulty inpronouncing that the character of this administration isbad.The administration says that it wants peace. It wantsit so much that it is willing to fight for it. It will therefore build up the largest army, navy, and air force in theworld. It will impose peace-time conscription on thecountry. It will keep the secret of the atomic bomb,though it knows perfectly well that there is no secretto keep. By these means, and any others that occur to it, it will threaten the only other major power in theworld and thus do everything it can to produce an international alignment that will lead inevitably to war.The determination of our Government to rule theworld by force is justified, we are told, because we aredevoted to the Ten Commandments and the Golden Rule.Hence, every other nation will understand that our intentions are peaceful, though our preparations are warlike. But the devotion of our Government to the TenCommandments and the Golden Rule would seem tobe something less than fanatical. If we were truly devoted to these great principles, we would not claimfor ourselves what we deny to others. We would notclaim to control portions of the earth in the name ofour security and deny other nations the right to make*similar claims in the name of their security. If we weretruly devoted to Christian principles, we would not havedropped atomic bombs on an enemy whom, accordingto our own announcements, we had already defeated.We would not have abandoned rationing until we weresure that our fellow men had something to eat. Wewould not have engaged in the systematic starvation ofthe German people. We would not be sitting as ajudge in our own cause at Nuremberg, seeking to enforce ex post facto law. We would not have committedthat senseless act of savagery, the destruction of the Japanese cyclotrons.In addition to its devotion to the Ten Commandmentsand the Golden Rule the administration is devoted toprosperity. One test of prosperity is employment, andthe experts who think they know predict six to eightmillion unemployed within one year. Why should itbe otherwise? What is being done to keep Governmentowned plants going to provide work and goods for thepeople? What has happened to the TVA idea? Doesanybody seriously suppose that the Missouri Valley Authority would not have been created if Mr. Truman hadseriously wanted it? What about monopoly? Isn't itobvious that the administration has put the Anti-TrustDivision quietly to sleep since Thurman Arnold left theGovernment? If we are committed to the economic development of the South and West why should it be leftto Governor Arnall and Henry Kaiser to promote thefreight rates and the industries that will make this development possible? What about housing? Are veterans to live in puptents in public parks because of theselfishness of capital and labor and the indifference ofthe Government?Before a dinner crowd of fifteen hundred who packedthe Stevens Hotel ball room to the balconies on December13, Chancellor Hutchins discussed the business of citizens.It was a meeting of the National Citizens Political ActionCommittee. Mr. Hutchins spared no groups in his appealto "stand up and be counted."1112 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe program of the Government in regard to atomicenergy combines the worst features of its foreign anddomestic policies. Here is the greatest discovery sincethe discovery of fire. It has possibilities of increasingthe goods and the leisure of mankind beyond anythingwe ever dreamed of. What does the administration dowith this discovery? It treats it as a weapon. By treating it as a weapon the administration achieves twoobjects which no Government ought ever to entertain :it alarms foreign nations, and it deprives its own people -of enormous benefits. These are the results of a foreignpolicy based on force and a domestic policy characterizedby indifference to the needs of the common man.A foreign policy based on force will not give us peace.A domestic policy based on indifference to the needs ofthe common man or on the conciliation of vested interests will not give us prosperity. Both policies, moreover,are immoral. Justice requires that government be dedicated to the common good, to the welfare of the community as a whole. We cannot have it both ways. Wecannot say we want a world community and then prevent it from emerging by force of arms. We cannot saywe want an American community and then disrupt itby maintaining special privileges.Take the single issue of education. Everybody knowsthat education in the poor states does not equal education in the rich states. Everybody knows that the education of negroes is far worse than that of whites. Everybody knows that the amount of education a youngAmerican obtains depends upon the income of his parents. Everybody knows, in short, that in this land ofopportunity education is a special privilege of the fortunate. If, as John Stuart Mill used to say, the principalobject of any government should be to promote the virtue and intelligence of the people, then the principalobject of our Government should be to remove the inequalities of educational opportunity that have longdisgraced the United States. Such inequalities are inthe highest degree unjust.But one hears little these days from Washington, orlittle that can be believed, about justice. Justice, likethe Ten Commandments and the Golden Rule, has become a rhetorical flourish. All that one hears fromWashington is the clash of pressure groups by night. Themoral leadership to match our military and industrialpower is missing.I do not deny that in the end we get tne kind of government we deserve. I do not claim that the administration should be made the scapegoat for the sinsof the American people. The administration is not responsible for the racial and religious discrimination thatis rampant in this country. The administration is not toblame because our economy is a picture of organizedcompetition in greed. It is the labor unions, and notthe administration, who want to limit the prosperity ofSwitzerland and this country by limiting the importationof Swiss watches. It was a labor leader, and not Mr.Truman, who, in opposing the repeal of the ChineseExclusion Act, answered the argument that China wasour ally by saying "A Chinaman is still a Chinaman."It was the educators, and not the administration, whosupported the Army Enlisted Reserve Corps, which deferred men from the draft merely because they hadmoney enough to go to college. We all have a tendencyto confuse our special interests with the common good.Precisely for this reason, to see to it that neverthelessjustice and the common good prevail, governments wereinstituted among men. We are. not entitled to expectsuperhuman sagacity from any government. We do notexpect it now. But there are some things we are entitled to demand, things which are not beyond the reachof the American people nor beyond the capacity of anygovernment. We can demand common honesty. Wecan demand that the Government mean what it saysand do what it says it is going to do. We can demandcommon sense. We can demand, for example, that theGovernment should not tell us in one breath that thereis no defense against the atomic bomb and in the nextthat we must have the largest military force in the world todefend ourselves against it. We can demand that theGovernment be the Government qf the whole peopleand that it develop our resources, our science, and ourtechnology for the benefit of the whole people. Wecan demand that our Government face the facts of life.We can demand that it realize that the fate of civilization depends upon our ability to organize, before we aredestroyed by atomic bombs, a world state, a world Government, and a world community. We can demand thatour Government take some visible steps toward achiev-'ing a world Government, a world state, and a worldcommunity. We can demand that the Government dedicate itself to peace, prosperity, and justice. It is thebusiness of independent groups of citizens like this tomake these demands effective now.One Man's Opinion Plus One YearANY MAGAZINE READER with a surplus calculating machine is advised to contact Mr. Morgenstern. In last month's "One Man's Opinion," this contributor undertook to subtract1929 from 1945, and arrived at the figure of fifteen years, thereby cutting one year fromthe length of time Mr. Hutchins has been head of the University. In explanation of the fact thatno alumni readers commented on the error, Mr. Morgenstern says the subscribers, like himself, areOld Plan graduates. He finds this explanation preferable to the possibility no one reads the column.NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES• By JEANNETTE LOWREYThe late Franklin L. Stanton of the Atlanta Constitution maintained through the 20 years he wrote a columnthat it was easy . . . that it got easier every day he wroteone. I'd agree with him if he were talking about newspaper releases, but as I "pinch hit" in a monthly column,I wonder!To Do or Not to Do Was the QuestionWhen Major General Leslie R. Groves, chief of theManhattan Project, presented Chancellor Robert M.Hutchins with the War Department Scroll for the University's central role in producing the atom bomb (seeDecember Magazine) , Mr. Hutchins paid tribute to thosewho produced the bomb, to his board of trustees and to agroup of "unsung heroes". The unsung heroes, he said,were the members of the faculty who had no part in theproject, but who were thrown out of their offices andlaboratories to make room for it.The "unsung hero" of the project, according to LloydLewis, columnist of the Chicago Sun, was the Chancellorhimself. He related a story that hasn't been told outsidethe range of the Chicago press. In a recent Sundaycolumn he wrote:"Nobody outside Chicago has faced the simple fact thatif Chancellor Hutchins hadn't said 'Yes' to Washingtonon a certain day in 1942, there would as yet have beenno bomb. There was drama in that day when Mr.Hutchins made up his mind to say 'Yes' or 'No' to aquestion that might end the war, might indeed, end theworld altogether, or produce limitless benefits to man."Time and events had brought Mr. Hutchins to acrisis. For one reason or another nobody was able orwilling to take the gamble of running a large pilot plantto make atomic bombs. Hutchins stood, in effect, betweentwo worlds, the one that had been and the one that couldJeannette Lowrey, SeniorAssistant, Press Relations,generously fills the gapmade by the resignation,from the Press Relations'staff, of Chet Opal. As MissLowrey indicates in her opening paragraph, writing newsreleases for the nation's pressis routine for her; followingChet Opal as a news columnist is a new departure. Allof which leads us to add asincere note of appreciationfor Chefs excellent work onthe Magazine staff for thepast two years. It was funworking with Chet and our best wishes go with him as heleaves the University for other fields which, as yet, he hasnot announced. be. The warriors and the industrialists had put the production of the bomb up to the educator."The educator gulped and said, 'Yes'. From that moment the atomic bomb was in production."Quotable Quotes on the New EnergyIn their efforts to make in the atomic age of theworld as it is, the world that it ought to be, men on theQuadrangles have said since the last Magazine:Chancellor Robert M. Hutchins in his annual report,"The State of the University": "The discovery of themethods of releasing atomic energy is, like all scientificdiscoveries, neutral. It can be used, as it has been so far,to destroy our fellow-men. On the other hand, it can beused to usher in a new day of peace and plenty, with adegree of leisure for all the peoples of the world ofwhich we have never dreamed. . . . The pity of it is thatwe have so little time."Harold C. Urey, Nobel-prize chemist of the Instituteof Nuclear Physics, addressing the special Senate AtomicEnergy committee: "Failure to control the atom bombwill lead to a world in which every ripple on the international scene will make us wonder whether the atomicbombs may not arrive before morning. Atomic bombsmust not be made by any country, and they must notbe stored in any place in the world if we are to haveany feeling of security in this all-too-small planet. Weshould attempt to establish a control over atomic energyunder the United Nations Organization which would beso effective that no person could manufacture atomicbombs without detection and without being brought totrial and punishment."Dean of Students Lawrence A. Kimpton in a sermonat Rockefeller Memorial Chapel: "We are living in anage so replete with catastrophe that we must think inorder that we may live. Man must realize the ethicalpower with which nature has endowed him, before theatomic power with which he has endowed himself destroys him. We must learn to see men of other races,colors, and nationalities and creeds as human beings likeourselves. All men know this to be true, even the mostdepraved. If we live up to it, the atomic age is reallya new world of cooperation and progress. If we don't,it is one of catastrophe and annihilation."James Franck, Nobel-prize chemist, on the Philharmonic Symphony concert program: "Provided we keepscientific progress from being stifled by considerations ofmilitary security, an enormously increased supply of radiation for the treatment of disease and a prolific sourceof radioactive isotopes for use both in medical therapyand in biochemistry research can be expected from thedevelopment of nuclear energy. The new sources ofatomic energy offer so many .opportunities for advancethat we are now facing the dawn of a new era."1314 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEPlutonium Takes a BowThe cloud-like mass of material at the base of the testtube is pure plutonium hydroxide, the base of one ofthe atomic bombs, as it madeits pictorial debut to theworld. The picture wasshown for the first time byDr. Glenn T. Seaborg, co-discoverer of plutonium, at ameeting of the Iowa-Illinoissection of the AmericanChemical Society, December13. The 20 micrograms ofpure plutonium hydroxide ismagnified ten-fold. It would take 125,000 times as muchof the chemical as is pictured here to weigh as much asa single dime.A Prediction Comes TrueFor months the newspapers called about it. And formonths the columnists predicted it . . . the appointmentof Rexford Guy Tugwell to the staff of the University ofChicago. President' Ernest C. Colwell, however, made theannouncement official December 21, when he released thenews that the present governor of Puerto Rico would jointhe Political Science Department July 1, 1946, and headthe University's new program of education and researchin planning.The planning program, which opened January 1, incooperation with the Chicago chapter of the AmericanInstitute of Architects, the Public Administration Clearing House, and agencies affiliated with it, is being conducted in the University by the division of social sciences,the business, law and social service administration professional schools and such departments as philosophy andart. Its course of study covers a broad fundamental field,including geography, history, economics, political science,and sociology, and technical training in statistics, cartography, administration, law and other specialized fields.The work is offered at the graduate level, but refreshercourses are open to returning veterans and those alreadyengaged in professional planning.International HarvesterA second unprecedented program at the University wasalso announced during the quarter. Through a cooperative agreement between International Harvester Companyand the University, the Harvester company will carryon an- expanded educational prograhi to its many thousand employes and provide the University under a fiveyear $125,000 grant with its first opportunity to studyadult education methods on a large scale outside itsclassrooms.A temporary instruction center, devoted largely totraining key sales personnel, will be opened in Chicagoby the company, and education and training programswill be carried on here and at more than a hundredcompany branches. The University will furnish advice and counsel of specialists in adult and business education,and has appointed to its faculty a full-time director ofthe cooperative project, William M. Shanner, formerlya'n examiner on the staff and just recently released fromnaval duties.Under the plan the University will interview, test, andmeasure the capacities of the employes participating andwill publish findings of scientific value. It will also cooperate in the formulation of objectives, development ofinstructional methods, and the measurement of achievement. Plans call for the employment of the most advanced educational tools.Women Can Keep SecretsWith the same secrecy that the atomic bomb wasshrouded on the Midway, the women's board of ChicagoLying-in Hospital kept the total amount of its 50thanniversary gift. Friends and workers expected to hearat the golden anniversary dinner that the goal — $100,000for research in eclampsia and puerperal fever — had beenreached. Only Mrs. Frederic Woodward, anniversarychairman, knew that the fund had been more thantripled. She revealed her secret when she presentedChancellor Hutchins with a check for $380,432.50 duringthe dinner.The tremendous success of the hospital program, presented in commemoration of the founding of Lying-in bythe late Dr. Joseph B. DeLee, however, was even heralded in the birthroom. Nine hours before the program ofpapers and clinics, Sharon Ann Cochrane was broughtinto the world. Sharon Ann, the thirteenth child of theFrank Cochrane's to be born at Lying-in, was the hospital's anniversary baby.95 and 96, What Next?Before the Hiroshima bombing, a secretary from theMetallurgical Project listened to her apartment mate, astudent at the University, read a list of elements as shecrammed for an exam. After the student stopped theWhite Collar girl remarked that the elements plutoniumand neptunium had been omitted. The student checkedher text. No such elements were listed. The secretary,realizing that she had been a saboteur, quickly added,"My mistake. I never did know much about chemistry."But even the secretary's information, like yesterday'snewspaper, was behind the times. Two other new elements, 95 and 96, had also been added to the expandingperiodic table at the University of Chicago. Their discoverer, Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg, University of Californiaprofessor who has been at the Metallurgical Laboratorysince 1942 and who is one of the discoverers of plutonium,revealed the new elements at a sectional meeting of theAmerican Chemical Society, November 15.Associated with Dr. Seaborg in the discovery of element95 were Ralph A. James and Leon O. Morgan. James,and Albert Ghioroso were associated with him when element 96 was discovered. The new elements were foundas a result of the bombardment of uranium 238, theabundant isotope of that element, and plutonium 239with high energy helium ions, or alpha particles, of 40THE UNIVERSITY OFmillion volts in the cyclotron at Berkeley, California. Thechemical identification studies, conducted in the Metallurgical Laboratory on the Midway, involved the usualextensive requirement of proving that the chemical properties of the two new elements are different from thoseof all the other 94 elements.Because of the amounts of elements 95 and 96 availablewere ultramicroscopic, as was true when the propertiesof neptunium and plutonium were first determined, the"tracer" technique made possible by the radioactivecharacter of the elements was used. The properties notonly of 95 and 96, but also elements 89 to 94, which wereexhaustively studied by Dr. Seaborg, are such as to indicate that the heavier elements, probably beginning with89 and 90, actinium and thorium, are those of a "rare-earth-like" series, similar in important respects to therare-earth series of elements 58 to 71 in the atomic table.In building up the "rare-earth-like" series, ranging inatomic number from 89 to 96, the electrons, which de;termine atomic number, are added deep in the innershells or orbits of the atomic electron structure.Mum's the WordIt took Chicago's first snow-fall to put to bed the lastvestige of the 5,300 chrysanthemums -which earlier thisfall brought a riot of color to the campus and the Woodlawn area. The mums, representing a spectacular massplanting by property owners in Woodlawn, were securedthrough the cooperation of the University's botany department. Dr. E. J. Kraus, chairman of the department,announced that next year more mums, ranging in colorfrom white through pale yellow to blue, pink, and brilliant red, will be planted in the community.New York City also saw the "Chicago" strain of mumsthis fall. Two million of them, on display in five of thecity's parks, were seedlings and cuttings from the winter-hardy chrysanthemums developed by Dr. Kraus. TheNew York flowers were the gift of Mrs. Albert D. Laskerin memory of her mother.The Bible Was AssumedIf the people of the nation were to read, discuss, andunderstand the ten greatest books of the Western world,we might at last, states Mr. Hutchins, have a communityin the United States a.nd be prepared to take our partin a world community.University College is well on its crusade to get Chicagoans discussing the Great Books. More than 2,000adults registered this fall for the evening bi-weekly sections. Five hundred and seventy of the 2,000 are discussing the books the Hutchins-Adler way (around atable at which two men preside as leaders, not as teachers) in University College classes. The others, using thesame technique, are all members of community courses,and the sections are spread as far south as Indianapolis,as far north as Racine, and as far west as Hinsdale.These sections are sponsored by the public library andpublic schools in cooperation with the University.The ten greatest books as listed by Mr. Hutchins in CHICAGO MAGAZINE 15the Daily News on December 5 are: Homer's Iliad andOdyssey, Plato's Republic, Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethicsand Politics, Thucydide's Peloponnesian War, St. Augustine's City of God, Aquinas' Treatise on God and Treatiseon Man, Dante's Divine Comedy, Shakespeare's works,Pascal's Meditations, and Tolstoy's War tuid Peace.Of the Bible, Mr. Hutchins said, "I do not includethe Bible in my list — I assume it."But No SiloDiscovery of an 8,000-year-old farming community atTell Hassuna in North Iraq by two archaeologists trainedfor field work by University of Chicago archaeologistsmay carry the story of civilization back to the very beginnings of settled village life.The findings of Archaeologists Seton Lloyd and FuadSofar as reported in the current issue of the Journal ofNear Eastern Studies, are, according to Robert Braidwood, professor of Old World prehistory, "of tremendousimportance to the understanding of the beginnings ofsettled life in the area, where subsequently, civilizationmade its first appearance."Each of the 17 levels at Tell Hassuna, Lloyd anaSofar reported, yielded architecture and domestic materials of earlier farming communities, such as stone hoes.flint-toothed sickles set in bitumen and still sharp enoughto cut grain, underground bins, and corrugated potterytrays for husking wheat. All the houses, they believed.were composed of two, three or more rooms with therooms six to seven feet square and about eight feet high.Each of the houses had its own courtyard.16 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEOther Happenings Through the MonthSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Professor of Theoretical Astrophysics, has been awarded the Sir CattanmanchiRamalinga Reddy National Prize for Mathematics bythe Andhra University of India. The second scientist toreceive the award, he was recognized for outstandingmerit in mathematics, pure and applied. During thewar, Mr. Chandrasekhar was a consultant to the WarDepartment at Aberdeen Proving Ground, as well asa professor of astrophysics at Yerkes Observatory. . . .Walter P. Paepcke, founder and president of the Container Corporation of America, has been appointed tothe Board of Trustees and thus makes the third memberof his immediate family to participate officially in University activities. His wife, who is the daughter of William J.Nitze, Andrew MacLeish Distinguished Service professoremeritus of romance languages and literature, is on thewomen's board of Lying-in Hospital, and his daughterAnina Hilkin is a student in the College. . . . The Department of Music in its first Composers Concert presented Roy Harris, well-known American composer. Mr.Harris is the first American composer recognized by afull evening of his works in a Composers Concert. . . .William H. Spencer returned to the University as theHobart W. Williams Distinguished Service Professor ingovernment and business after a three-year absence asregional director of the War Manpower Commission. . . .A counseling center has been established on the Midwayto offer personal and adjustment counseling to students,returned service men and women and the general publicunder the direction of Carl R. Rogers and Willard W.Blaesser. . . . Dr. Leon O. Jacobson has been appointedassociate dean of the University's division of biologicalscience. . . . Dr. Gail M. Dack, professor of bacteriology,is the new director of the Food Research Institute. . . .Miss Marguerite Sylla, who headed the University ofChicago Settlement for the past ten years, has resignedto become national secretary of interpretation and supporton the board of the Young Women's Christian Association. She has been succeeded at the settlement by BertH. Boerner, formerly of the Chicago Housing Authorityand Hull House. . . . Charles M. Hardin, formerly ofHarvard University and an authority on "what makesthe government tick," has been appointed to the Department of Political Science. . . . Louis Wirth, associateDean of the Division of Social Sciences and professor ofsociology, was appointed chairman of the Committee onthe Chicago Housing Crisis. . .. . One hundred and ninetyeight students, including 12 veterans of World War II,were graduated in the University's 223rd Convocation.Preston Cutler, former secretary to the President, wholeft campus to join the Navy where he was CommandingOfficer of the Navy Unit of the U. S. Armed ForcesInstitute at Madison, Wisconsin, has returned to theoffice of Central Administration as secretary to theChancellor. POLICY OVER BERLIN (Continued from Page 9)cern. The Soviets are difficult, no question. Their actions often seem at the least unmannerly and unreasonable. Their reluctance to allow freedom of movement andobservation within their territories makes us, with ourtraditions of free speech, suspicious of what goes onbehind the wall. In the satellite countries they are doing,about what France did after the World War; that is,building up a new Cordon Sanitaire.These things are unfortunate, but I genuinely believetheir importance is exaggerated. It would take too longto explore the reasons thoroughly, but one or two maybe suggested. The Soviets have burst out of the MiddleAges in the past 25 years. They have made tremendousprogress, but they have a long way to go; they fear thatwe will emphasize their failures rather than their successes,and the fear is not without some justification. Theyare most of them newcomers on the international scene,somewhat naive and very sensitive. Many of them comefrom peasant stock.. There is therefore a touch of overcompensation growing out of their not being quite sure ofthemselves. Their procedures have all the rigidities of ahighly centralized bureaucracy; individuals become shotif they don't follow orders, and with rather primitivecommunications it is not easy to get orders modified.This trait is annoying to a nation like ours which regardsan order as a challenge to ingenuity in evasion.The most serious difficulty, however, is their suspiciousattitude toward the Western nations. They are not onlysuspicious of us, but worse, they know we are suspiciousof them. One can't say they have no reason to be wary.They can read our papers. They would not need much ofa spy system to know how the man on the street talksabout Russia, and they attach undue importance to thevaporings of our congressmen. Our suspicion of theirintentions breeds equal suspicion on their part.Why do we keep prating about the Soviets being ournext enemy? What are we going to fight about? Becausewe don't like their kind of government? I see no evidencethat they intend to interfere with ours, except the clatterof a handful of noisy Communists here. The indicationsare rather that the Soviets have given up the idea ofworld revolution. I see no reason why they can't havetheir kind of government and we ours.Communism may spread, and we don't propose to haveit here; but do we propose to fight to keep other peoplefrom having it? The Soviets have been tough traders;but we don't have to go to war just because we don't getthe kind of a deal we want. We are the two greatpowers in the world today, with no genuine conflict of interest anywhere on the globe. We have in the ControlCouncil the opportunity of working together with theSoviets on a common problem, and though I doubtwhether we will ever reach full agreement on the problem,we are making a little progress. It will be a real contribution to world peace if we can maintain, and develop,the beginnings of working together with the Soviets in anatmosphere of tolerance and mutual understanding.LAFAYETTE, WE ARE HEREThe mid-winter convention of the mid-westdistrict of the AmericanAlumni Council was heldin December at the Student Union of PurdueUniversity in Lafayette,Indiana. It didn't takea master mind for theAssociate Editor to see inthis an opportunity to visit with someof our forty-three Chicago alumni onthe faculty of Purdue and in Lafayette. Grabbing a brief case and somenote paper, he headed for Lafayettetwo days ahead of the conference.With a detailed and informativemap "Prepared for the many whocome to the campus each year" in onehand and a reporter's pad in theother, the Associate Editor climbedthe open stairway to the second floorof University Hall as a starter. Winifred C. Lynskey, PhD '40, was at heroffice desk in the English departmentwhile a future engineer sat near bystruggling over the revision of a themewhich apparently hadn't met Dr.Lynskey's standards. Miss Lynskeyreceived her bachelor and master degrees from Minnesota and took oneyear at Radcliffe before getting herdoctorate at Chicago" and joining thePurdue English staff where she is nowvice-president of the local branch ofthe American Association of University Professors.Down the corridor were the officesof Ellen Marie Johnson, '39, andLaird Bell, '21, and just around thecorner the office of George S. Wykoff(who did graduate work at Chicagoin 1937-38)— all of the English department and all out — teachingclasses, we hope!Biology Annex, the next buildingnorth, is headquarters for Sumner A.Rifenburgh, SM '22. He had threedegrees from Valparaiso Universitybefore taking his Master's at Chicago.It was after he joined the Purdue staffin 1923 that he began work on hisdoctorate which he received fromPurdue in 1935. His son, Arthur, isa chemical engineer with StandardOil of New Jersey, and has been fiveyears in Service. His daughter, Eileen, is a chemist with du Pont atEast Chicago.The next building to the north,Recitation Building, houses a largerChicago family. William V. Owen,'20, came to Purdue in 1921 fromInternational Harvester where he hadbeen on the personnel staff havingto do with labor relations. His specialty is history-economics-government particularly as they relate tolabor. His particular training brought him an appointment as a public member of the War Labor Board panelfor the Chicago region not to mention considerable labor arbitrationwork. The third member of theOwen family is Louise, 15.One 'of the mostpopular public andafter dinner speakersat Purdue and in theLafayette region hasa comfortable little office lined with booksjust around the hall from Owen's office. With three degrees from Chicago, Louis M. Sears, '05, AM '09,PhD '22, is senior professor in history,author of numerous books, and amember of the Purdue faculty since1920. With a disarming sense of humor, Dr. Sears realizes his limitationson the campus. At a reception givenfor retiring President Elliott, he tookoccasion to review the qualificationslaid down by the regents for thepresidency. Early on the list was abrief statement to the effect that thepresident shall be a married man.. Bachelor Sears' cryptic comment:"That lets me out!"Between the offices of Owen andSears is the headquarters for economist Rollin G. Thomas, AM '22, PhD'30, who did his undergraduate workat Cornell (Iowa) and came to Purdue in 1920. In 1942 he published alarge volume on "Our Modern Banking and Monetary System" which wasadopted for the Armed Forces Institute during the war. Dr. Thomas hastwo children, both in high school:Emily, a sophomore; and John, asenior.On the second floor are the adjoining offices of two Chicago mathematicians. Carl Holtom, PhD '42, hadtwo degrees from Nebraska beforejoining the Purdue staff in 1931. Aleave of absence in 1939 started himon his doctorate at Chicago. His son,Herbert, a Cub Scout, just passed 12to become a Boy Scout where his dadhas been active in administering theexaminations for merit badges inastronomy. From February to May,Dr. Holtom has a weekly radio program for high school students interested in astronomy and each summerhe has a five-minute program "ALook at the Stars" scheduled at duskso that families picnicking in theirback yards can study the skies whilehe talks. Of course, he adds, I usuallyleft the studios in a blinding rainstorm! Mathematician Ivan M. Niven,PhD '38, didn't leave the Universityof British Columbia until he had bothhis bachelor and master degrees. Hedid a year of research at Pennsylvaniaand taught at Illinois before comingto Purdue in 1942. He and his wife,Mary Ann Mitchell, '39, have oneyoungster: Scott, who is four.Two alumni have facing offices onthe second floor of Education Building. Amman Swope, AM '14, professor of Education and Applied Psychology, was out of the city as usualsince it is his responsibility to supervise the vocational teacher trainingin all of northern Indiana. He wasrecently elected president of the Indiana Vocational Association.Raymond R. Ryder, PhD '43, witha bachelor's from Juniata College(Huntington, Penna.) and a master'sfrom Ohio State, got his doctorate thehard way after joining the Purduestaff in 1926. He spent only summerson the Midway. His son, Henry, isin the famous Purdue glee club;Eloise is a sophomore at Purdue; andRobert is in junior high. Dr. Ryderis secretary of the local chapter ofPhi Delta Kappa (Education).Directly south of Education Building is one of the university's famousold old buildings (since 1874). Infact, on a window pane in the officeof Laurentza Schantz-Hansen, '21,head of the Department of AppliedDesign, a chap from London with adiamond ring left his autograph andthe date of his visit: October 5, 1876.Miss Schantz-Hansen has studied artand design in America and Europewith two summers spent at Harvardon fellowships granted by the American Institute of Architects. She hasan M.A. in art from Columbia andhas also studied at Chicago's Art Institute. Her hobby, which lines onewall of her office, is a large and growing collection of children's bookswhich carry some of the best illustrations of modern art and design.Only a step from the art department is the large Home EconomicsBuilding with its elaborate laboratories and lunch room. Three members of our Chicago family are on thestaff. Amy I. Bloye, '17, head of thedepartment of Foods and Nutrition,has been the Lafayette chairman ofour Alumni Foundation since 1942;Amy Howe, '13, head of Clothing andTextile, was so busy supervising eagerstudents that we didn't get a chanceto visit. Cecelia Schuck, PhD '34, who.did her college work at Indiana StateTeachers' College and received herM.S. from Minnesota, has been atPurdue since 1936. Someone had sent1718 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEher a news clipping while she wasteaching at Texas Tech telling aboutthe retirement of a member of thedepartment and Dr. Schuck made theright "recommendation" for a successor.On the way to the Physics Buildingwe wandered through the Apothecaryin the Pharmacy Building and mettwo members of the pharmacy department. Charles O. Lee, SM '17,got his B.S. at the University ofKansas and his Ph.D. at Wisconsin.He came to Purdue first in 1915. Hespent five years as a Methodist medical missionary in China where hetaught at Nanking University. Hereturned to Purdue in 1926. He liastwo children: Noel, born in China,and Ruth, who arrived after the Leeshad returned to Lafayette. Mrs. Lee(Edith Palmer) also took work atChicago.Henry G. DeKay, SM '30, has anA.B. in Education from NebraskaState Teachers College; a B.S. inpharmacy from the University of Nebraska; and a Ph.D. from Purdue.His schedule includes manufacturingpharmacy, hospital pharmacy, andx-ray technique. His daughter, Cleo-nice Jeanne, a graduate in pharmacy,was married to an Ensign on November 14th and is at present in SanFrancisco.In the Physics Building at the edgeof the campus we visited with EdwardS. Akeley, PhD '27, who has his B.A.from the University of South Dakotaand has been doing radar researchduring the war years; and Isidor Wal-erstein, PhD '29, who came to Chicago from his undergraduate work atToronto. There are three Walersteinchildren: Ruth, 8; Janet, 5; and Marcia, who arrived last summer. RobertB. Withrow, PhD '43, the other Chi-cagoan on the physics staff, was stillon leave, helping to supervise thegrowing of vegetables on the barrendesert soil of the Pacific Islands forUncle Sam's boys.Willis C. Stephens, PhD '02, an industrial and civil engineer, joined thePurdue mathematics' staff in 1942after a life filled with varied experiences including 4 years in the Pennsylvania railroad tunnel under theNorth River, years in railway bridgeconstruction; district manager for theCoca-Cola dispensing machines outof Virginia, and finally a positionwith the Mills Industries at Chicago.John T. Fotos, AM '29, will neverforget the whirlwind wind-up of 1945.On Thanksgiving Day, TheodoreJohn joined the Fotos family and before dad was hardly acquainted withhis new son he had to attend his own party on the Midway where he wasawarded his Ph.D. degree in RomanceLanguages. Theodore has two sisters:Consuela (Connie), 13; and Genevieve, 11.With a B.S. from Purdue, an M.S.from Michigan, and a D.V.M. fromMichigan State, Leo P. Doyle, PhD'32, teaches veterinary science at Purdue. Three of his four children areserving for Uncle Sam: Frances in theMedical Department on Saipan; Margaret, also in the Medical Departmentjust returned from India; and Georgein Navy radar in the Philippines.Louis is in high school.Flash! (Friday night before leavingfor Chicago.) Just located GeorgeWykoff and Laird Bell (see paragraph 3 ) . They were in the bowlingalleys of the Purdue Memorial Unionwinning a game for the English department in the faculty league. Bothinsisted firmly they were teaching themorning we visited their offices. Theprosecution rests!O >VL. O llf/ATCH YOU/^l3te^ *#*We are glad it turned out this wayfor who should we meet in his Lieutenant Commander uniform butGeorge B. Schick, '26, AM '28, onleave from Purdue's English department. George, with his wife (BethMcDonald) who took work in ourRomance Languages department, hadjust arrived to start looking for ahouse. George expects to be out ofService early this year and hoped toget Beth and James, 5, settled so thathe, George, would have a home tocome home to.OFF THE CAMPUSIf your electric meter in the basement says "Duncan" across the front,no matter what your comments arewhen you get the monthly statement,we can testify that the record of kilowatts is correct. These metres aremade in the Lafayette factory of theDuncan Electric ManufacturingCompany, Frederick Holmes, '13,president. Of course, during the waralumnus Holmes wasn't making metres. He manufactured many of thedelicate, complicated, and precise instruments that crowd the dash boardsof Uncle Sam's war planes and theArmy-Navy E awards testify to thekind of job done by his big Duncanfamily.Ernest H. Shideler, AM '17, PhD'27, is state director for the FarmSecurity Administration. On the dayhe received his A.M. Ernest Shideler enlisted as a sergeant and came backa first Lieutenant. Later he taught inour Laboratory Schools while working on his Ph.D. In 1934 he becameState Director of Rural Rehabilitation for Indiana which more recentlybecame the Farm Security Administration. There are three boys in theShideler family: Ross, an Ensign whohas seen service in both the Atlanticand Pacific; Kenneth, a Navy radarman on a Destroyer in the Pacific;and Royal, a senior in high school.Harry G. McComb, T8, has beenon leave from Purdue since 1940 toserve as Director of Trade and Industrial Education for Indiana. He hadheld this position for five years before coming to Purdue in 1925. TheMcCombs have four children. Thetwo oldest boys, Harvey, Jr., and Jim,Purdue men, are in Service. Harveywas in training at Ohio State whenPurdue went down and won a footballgame last fall in his presence and Jimwas home on furlough the night wecalled. Mary Jo is a senior and Davea junior in high school.Mrs. John F. Bullard (Pearle Ruby,SM '20) did her undergraduate workat Drake and taught five years in theHome Economics department of Kansas State before, she was married andmoved to Lafayette with her husbandin 1929. He is on the veterinary staffof Purdue's Experimental Station.The two boys are John, a freshman inhigh school; and Harlan, in theseventh grade.Until 1941, when he moved to Lafayette to manage some real estateand property, Raymond T. Ross, whotook work at Chicago in the twenties,was assistant director of New YorkCommunity Trust. His daughter is ajunior at Wellesley.Elizabeth Barrett, '25, was graduated from Chicago with her sister,Katherine, '25. Elizabeth moved toLafayette where she was a medicaltechnologist when she met and wasmarried to Dr. Paul A. Risk, a University of Minnesota man who operates the Risk Dental Clinics in theSchultz Building. There are threeother members of the family: PaulBarrett, 14; William Barrett, 6; andElizabeth Barrett, 5. Mrs. Risk'ssister, Katherine Barrett, is now Mrs.Clarence E. Allen. Her husband isheadmaster of a Boston day school.Luther Doyle Mullen, DB '33, hasbeen pastor of the First ChristianChurch of Lafayette for the past nineyears. He did his undergraduate workat Butler in Indianapolis. His daughter, Margaret Ann, is a sophomore atPurdue and his son, Robert, a sophomore in high school.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 19CHICAGO'S ROLL OF HONORJan Joost ter Pelkwyk, a RidgwayMemorial Fellow in the departmentof zoology in 1940, was killed in Javaduring a bombing raid in March,1942. He left the University to workin the Department of Marine Fisheries in Batavia, Java, and laterserved with the Free Dutch Forces.Lieutenant Oscar D. Hutton, Jr.,AM '39, entered the Army Air Forces.in February, 1943. He received hiscommission as a Second Lieutenantin November, 1943, at TuskegeeArmy Air Field. Lt. Hutton wassent overseas in March, 1944, and became a member of the 332nd FighterGroup of the 100th Fighter Squadron. As pilot of a fighter plane, heparticipated in an escort mission onMemmingen, Germany, on July 18,1944, and failed to return. The Purple Heart was awarded posthumouslyto Lt. Hutton in August, 1945.Lieutenant Harvey H. Carden, astudent at the University in 1941 and1942, entered the service as an aircadet June 6, 1942. He received hiswings as pilot at Douglas, Arizona,on April 15, 1944. In October, hejoined the 33rd Troop Carrier Squadron and was immediately sent overseas. On August 31, 1945, he left anair base on Morotai Island on anoperational mission to Manila anddid not return. In September hisplane was found crashed on a mountain side on Mindanao Island, and hewas buried at Del Monte, Mindanao,P.I.Major Paul W. Gerdes, SB '21,died at Walter Reed General Hospital on November 30, 1943. He had enlisted in World War I. while astudent at the University, and servedin the Army until 1920. He accepteda commission as Captain in June,1942, and served as Assistant Ordnance Officer, at Fort George Meade,Maryland. In August, 1942, he waspromoted to Major and became Officer in Charge, Post Ordnance, servingin this capacity until his death.Captain Leroy W. Yolton, MD '31,entered active service on September3, 1942, spending several weeks examining recruits for the Sixth ServiceCommand. He then joined the menof the 38th Division on maneuvers inLouisiana. With that division hespent a month at Camp Carrabelle,Florida, and left for overseas the endof 1943. He served at Oahu, Hawaii, and took part in action on NewGuinea, Leyte, and Luzon. He waskilled in action by a Japanese sniperin the battle of Zig Zag Pass, beyondOlongapo, Luzon, in February, 1945.Lt. Howard M. Rich, AB '35, JD'37, died during the March of Deathon Bataan, according to word recently received by his parents. Hehad been listed as missing in actionfor more than three years. He entered the service in 1940, and was atrial judge advocate with a field artillery unit at Fort Stotsenberg, P. I.,when the war started.Lt. Irwin Fann, AB '40, was declared "missing in action" on November 18, 1943, and on August 20, 1945,the War Department declared him"presumably dead". He entered theAir Force in February, 1942, and wascommissioned as Lietuenant and Howard M. RichOscar D. Hutton, Jr.Irwin FannLeroy W. Yolton Harvey H. Carden Paul W. Gerdes20 T If E i: N 1 V E R S I T Y () F C IT I C A G O M A G A Z T N EDavid W. St. JeanAlexander H. Davis served as Navigator on a B-24. Hewas lost on his third bombing mission, a mission over Narvik, Norway.It is believed that the plane wasbombing an atomic plant run bythe Germans, and that the successof the mission set the Germans backmany months in their production.Lieutenant Commander V i c to rGang, MD '37, enlisted in the medical corps of the United States NavalReserve in February, 1941. He waslater graduated from the school forFlight Surgeons at Pensacola, Florida,and served as Flight Surgeon for aMarine Air Group in the South Pacific for fifteen months. In June,1945, he went on his second tour ofoverseas duty, this time as the FlightSurgeon for a Naval Air Groupaboard a carrier. He died on September 3, 1945, as a result of a typhoon in the Asiatic area and wasburied at sea.Lieutenant Alexander H. Davis, SB'27, MD '32, entered service in November, 1943. He reported for active duty at the Naval Hospital, SanDiego, California, in December, 1943.He was assigned to the U. S. S. Pink-ney and served on this ship until hedied April 28, 1945, following enemyaction.Flight Officer William K. Komaiko,who attended the University from1935 to 1938, was lost on his fourteenth mission over Germany. He enlisted in the Royal Canadian AirCorps on March 13, 1941, and uponcompletion of his basic training withfirst honors he was commissioned as a Pilot Officer in April, 1942. Hewent overseas (European theater) inMay, 1942, and was attached to theRAF. He was promoted to the rankof Flight Officer on November 23,1942. He successfully completed 13missions over enemy territory, andwas reported "missing in action" asof February 19, 1943. He served asnavigator of a Lancaster HeavyBomber, and was lost over the RuhrValley.Lieutenant David W. St. Jean, astudent at the University in 1942 and1943, was killed in the air over Luzonon April 27, 1945. He entered theArmy in February, 1943, as an aviation cadet and was serving as aTroop Carrier Airborne Pilot, flyingC-46 and C-47 planes when he waskilled. He was buried in the ManilaNational Cemetery No. 2 in the Phil-lipines. He was a member of SigmaChi.Lieutenant (j.g.) Ralph E. Thur-man, a graduate student at the University in 1939 and 1940, lost his lifeOctober 24, 1944, when the aircraftcarrier, U. S. S. Princeton, was sunk.He volunteered for Navy duty inJuly, 1942, and was sent to Honoluluto an intelligence department schoolfor one year. He then was sent backto the States, and entered Officer'sTraining School at Tucson, Arizona,here he received his commission inOctober, 1943. He then was sent toHarvard University for training innaval communications, and in April,1944, he was assigned to the Princeton. In September, 1944, he wasawarded the Purple Heart.djKyahli ^y*«m**« 11 !%?¦• fg.^h' <#William K. Komaiko Ralph E. Thurman Victor GangTHREE FACULTY SKETCHESReprinted from the Chicago MaroonNew Dorm Head . .JOHN A. WILKINSONPromise of a sustained effort toreorganize student activities and theresidence halls in conformity withgeneral University policy was sounded recently by the four-member Committee on the Resident System andStudent Activities.Simultaneously the University officially announced the appointmentof John A. Wilkinson as Director ofthe Residence System and John E.Yarnelle as Director of Student Activities. They succeed Alan LakeChidsey, former assistant dean ofstudents, who resigned his positionhere to accept a post in Houston,Texas.Dean of Students Lawrence A.Kimpton and Prof. Eugene Northrop of the Department of Mathematics will join Wilkinson and Yarnellein co-ordinating and planning activities and the residence hall program. Northrop will serve as facultyco-ordinator.Wilkinson, who will reside inBurton- Judson court, will have supervision over the more than 1,000students who live in the Universitydormitory system. Mrs. Barbara K.Anthony will continue as Wilkinson's assistant in her capacity as ResidentAdviser in the Women's ResidenceHalls.Yarnelle was Acting Director ofthe Resident Hall system last yearand has been closely affiliated withstudent activities.Youngest DeanDEAN BERNARD LOOMER. No immediate plans have been announced by either Wilkinson or Yarnelle.Yarnelle has already indicated thatfull University support of meritorious student activities will be continued.Youngest dean at the University ofChicago is likeable, thoroughly hu man Bernard MacDougell Loomer,newly appointed Dean of the Divinity School.The 33-year-old dean missed tyingChancellor Hutchins' feat of becoming head of the University at 29 byonly a few years. Hutchins is said tohave once commented that he fearedLoomer was getting too old to succeed in University life.Bernard Loomer's background isas unconventional as it is interesting.Born and brought up in Belmont,Mass., he attended high school thereand received a B.A. from Bates College in 1934. Throughout college,he was an ardent sportsman, participating in football, hockey, baseballand wrestling, to mention a few. Thefollowing months found Loomer inNew York working as an insuranceadjuster and later as a loan collector.He values his experiences of thatperiod to this day, finding them richin humor and pathos, making for abetter understanding of human nature. •In 1935 Dean Loomer enrolled inthe U. of C. Divinity School as agraduate student. Up to that timehe planned to enter into the fieldof ministry. By 1940 he was appointed part-time instructor in theDivinity School and soon after wasmade full-time instructor. In March,1942, he received his Ph.D. in thetheological field.He was appointed Assistant Professor and Dean of Students in 1943and has been Assistant Dean since1944. An ordained Baptist minister,he is married and is the father oftwo children.Concerning future plans for theDivinity School, Dean Loomer looksforward to busy years. At the present time he has announced only twoUniversityNational Bank~aya*\jqcfy CHECK PLAN PAY-AS-YOU-GOoffers a low cost checking plan, which is easilyunderstood. Its only cost to depositors is fivecents for each check written and five cents foreach deposit. For your convenience deposits canbe made by mail. Stop in or write our Pay-As-You-Go Department and open your account"^^^" now.UNIVERSITY NATIONAL BANK1345 EAST 55TH STREETA Clearing House Bank— Member Federal Deposit Insurance CorporationW^2122 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEdefinite moves. The first is a desire to make the federated facultyinto a unified body, the second tocreate a center here developing thestudy of religion in higher education. Both show promise of beingsignificant forward steps.Professor Charles Holman, Deanof the Baptist Divinity House, aptlydescribed him when he said, "Hebrings to this position youth, vigorand ability."Here's a * mountaineer (by birthanyway) . . . born in the Greekmountains about 25 miles N.E. ofSparta. . . . Went to elementaryschools there. ... In 1922 came toSelf MadeTHEODORE ASHFORDthe U.S.A. and to Chicago. . . . Wentto a school for foreign born people,but quit because, "the pace was tooslow." ... So he picked up his English with the aid of a dictionary andsuch highbrow journals as the Saturday Evening Post and the newspapers.Proceeding thus he was ready forhigh school by 1925. . . . SchurzEvening H.S. . . . then the Y.M.C.A.and Crane Jr. Colleges. . . . Alsoboned up and took U. of I. examsfor credits. . . . He really got hiseducation the hard way, workingfull time all the while he went toschool. ... By '30 he was able toenter the U. of C. . . . then came thedepression and he was left withouta job — so he simply took morecourses . . . was torn between physics and chemistry, decided on chemistry... got his B.S. in '32 . . . whiletaking his M.A. here, he taught inthe city schools . . . got his Ph.D. in'36 and is now teaching in the College and also acting chairman of thePhy Sci course.Thinks the college plan is the bestanywhere for a general education.. . . "Of course, it is subject to improvement — can be more integrationbetween courses."Our sincere thanks to Editor AbeCrash of the "Maroon" and to hisstaff for permission to reprint thesesketches of faculty members. The caricatures are the work of Cissie Lieb-schutz, art editor of the Maroon. Cissieis 18, a senior in the College, and expects to enter the School of SocialService Administration. She is a Chi-cagoan, and has studied at the Art Institute. She wants to be a cartoonist,but we would say she has already arrived.Ajax Waste Paper Co.2600-2634 W. Taylor St.Buyers of Any QuantityWaste PaperScrap Metal and IronFor Prompt Service CallMr. B. Shedroff, Van Buren 0230FINE BONE CHINAAynsley, Spode and Other FamousMakes. Also Crystal and GiftsGolden Dirilyte(Formerly Dirigold)The Lifetime TablewareSOLID— NOT PLATEDService for Eight, $41.75GOLDEN HUED BABY SPOONS CIWhile they last "PA »o.COMPLETE TABLE APPOINTMENTSDiriga, Inc.70 E. Jackson Blvd. Chieago, III. HAIR REMOVED FOREVERBEFORE20 Years' ExperienceFREE CONSULTATIONLOTTIE A. METCALFEELECTROLYSIS EXPERTGraduate NurseMultiple to platinum needles can beused. Permanent removal of Hair fromFace, Eyebrows, Back ol Neck or anypart of Body; destroys 200 to 000 HairRoots per hour.Removal of Facial Veins, Moles andWarts.Marnier American Asm. Medical Hydrology andPhysical Therapy, Aba EhclrohatiU Associationo/ Illinois$1.75 per Treatment for HairTelephone FRA 4885Suite 1705, Stevens Bldg.17 No. State St.Perfect Loveliness lt Wealth in BeautyAlbert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau formen and women in all kinds of teachingpositions. Large and alert College andState Teachers' College departments forDoctors and Masters; forty per cent of ourbusiness. Critic and Grade Supervisors forNormal Schools placed every year -in largenumbers; excellent opportunities. Specialteachers of Home Economics, Business Administration, Music, and Art, secure finepositions through us every year. PrivateSchools in all parts of the country amongour best patrons; good salaries. Well prepared High School teachers wanted for cityand suburban High Schools. Special manager handles Grade and Critio work. Sendfor folder today.BLACKSTONEHALLAnExclusive Women's Hotelin theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering, Graceful Living to University and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALLS748 TelephoneBlackstone Ave. Plaza 3313Verna P. Werner, DirectorTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 23ONCE AGAIN SNOW ETCHES HULL SATE24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINENEWS OF THE CLASSES1902Mark R. Jacobs has retired fromthe position of superintendent of theMontebello, California, city schoolswhich he has held for the past twentyyears.1903Mrs. Emanuel N. Mohl (SophiaBerger, '04) of Jerusalem, Palestine,was recently elected vice president ofthe Palestine Association of University Women. Mrs. Mohl is activelyengaged in social work.1906William Vernon Skiles, executivedean of Georgia Tech, has retiredafter 40 years at Tech, and has beenmade dean emeritus.George A. Paddock is vice president' of Rogers and Tracy, Inc., inChicago, and is living in Evanston.1907Mr. Sanford A. Lyon, and Mrs.Lyon (Helen Peck, '09) recently announced the marriage of their daughter, Margaret, to Lt. Donald S. Fra-ser of the U. S. Coast Guard. Thewedding took place November 17,1945, at Laguna Beach, California.Harold G. Moulton, PhD '14, LLD'37, president of the Brookings Institution, recently has been elected aCorresponding Member of the FrenchAcademy of Moral and Political Sciences.1908Charles L. Baker is geologist withthe State Geological Survey at Vermillion, South Dakota. Formerly hewas head of the geology departmentat Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College.Elsie Schobinger, AM '17, recipientof an Alumni Citation in 1943, hasEASTMAN COAL CO.Established 1902YARDS ALL OVER TOWNGENERAL OFFICES342 N. Oakley Blvd.Telephone Seeley 4488ECONOMY SHEET METAL WORKS•Galvanized Iron and Copper CornicesSkylights, Gutters, Down SpoutsTile, Slate and Asbestos Roofing1927 MELROSE STREETBuckingham 1893 retired from her position as principalof the Harvard School for Boys inChicago. Harry D. Pyle, '27, is taking over the position.1909William D. Turner, PhD '17, hasleft Columbia University, and is nowdirector of Florida Chemical Research, Inc., 235 East 47 Street, New-York City.The retirement of Daniel J. Blocker, AM '11, DB '12, from the facultyof the College of William and Maryafter 15 years as head of the sociology department was announced recently.1910Alfred Beck, JD '12, formerly ofGilruth and Beck, Chicago, has opened offices for the practice of law inLos Angeles, California.1911LeRoy Bowman is director of theGood Neighbor Federation, 115 East106th Street in New York City.1912Samuel D. Schwartz, AM '13, isexecutive director of the Sinai TempleForum. He went into the service ofSinai Temple immediately upon graduation, and has been with the organization for the last thirty-two years.Elizabeth Perrin has retired, andwrites us "no more teachers, no morebooks, no more children's saucylooks!"1913Kenath T%Sponsel is now with theadvertising firm of Foote, Cone &Belding in New York City. He andMrs. Sponsel (Gertrude O'Meara,'15) are living at 1035 Fifth Avenue,New York City.ESTABLISHED 1908ROOFING and INSULATINGAlbert K. Epstein, '12B. R. Harris, '21Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285-6 Harold M. Alden, SM, has recentlybeen appointed director of the McCormick Observatory at the University of Virginia. For the past 20 yearshe has been director of the Yale University Observatory at Johannesburg,South Africa.Jiuji Kasai served as interpreter forthe American Press Correspondentswho recently interviewed Tojo. Kasai,who was in Japan during the entirewar, was overjoyed to see Americans,and had been jailed during the warfor his anti-Nazi, pro-American sympathies.1916John M. Ratcliff, AM '19, has beenelected dean of the Tufts School ofReligion at Medford, Mass.1917Rhey B. Parsons, AM '23, has recently accepted an appointment tothe faculty of the Biarritz AmericanUniversity, Biarritz, France, as instructor in psychology.1920President Truman has chosen Irving C. Mollison, JD '23, formerly ofChicago, for . appointment to theUnited States Customs Court at NewYork.1921William Theodore Beauchamp isprofessor of English at MontclairState Teachers College in New Jersey. Formerly he was connected withthe faculty at Knox College, Gales-burg, Illinois.Since 1878HANNIBAL, INC.UpholstersFurniture Repairing1919 N. Sheffield AvenuePhone: Lincoln 7180Phones Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueAMERICANPHOTO ENGRAVING CO.Photo EngraversArtists — ElectrotypersMakers of Printing Plates429 TelephoneS. Ashland Blvd. Monroe 7515THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 25John R. Fanselow, SM, is Staff Superintendent of Quality Control atKimberly-Clark Corporation in Neenah, Wisconsin, and is living in Appleton. 1922Florence Lillian McCracken has retired from teaching at the Marjorie•Webster School in Washington, D. C,and is living in Orlando, Florida.1923Mrs. Eugene Piette (Ruth Bowers,AM '45) is teaching part time in theCentral Y.M.C.A. in Chicago.T. Louise Viehoff, AM '35, has arrived at Fort Richardson, Anchorage,Alaska, where she is head recreationworker with the American Red Cross.Of all of the Americans who weremarooned by the war, Mrs. JohnBorch (Helen Grant) is probably theonly one who looks back on theseyears as the happiest of her life.When she went to Denmark to bemarried to Capt. John Borch, Danishmaster of a passenger-cargo ship, sheexpected a honeymoon of only a fewdays before he would sail away. Instead the honeymoon lasted five exciting years while they were isolatedon his ship in a hideaway fjord offthe coast of Denmark. Mrs. Borchrecently returned to this country onher husband's ship, the first Danishship to leave Copenhagen after Germany surrendered, and is at presentvisiting friends in Chicago, while herhusband is at sea with a relief cargofor Holland.1924Clara H. Stroud is Rural Supervisorof Instruction in Placer County, California.LEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyds Park 9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVER AND ONE GALLON OF OILSEARS 1910. Special soft cushion Swinehart tires with corrugated treadand concave sides absorbing vibration almost equal to pneumatics; much-heavier in appearance than regular solid tires. Three black enamel oillamps, horn, carpet, one gallon lubricating oil and tools. Bod*/: black;gears: Brewster green; price $525.John A. Wilson; PhD '26, Director of the Oriental Institute, wasrecently invited to a luncheon for the museum directors in Chicago atthe Museum of Science and Industry. The luncheon was held duringthe week the Museum was publicizing its exhibit of ancient automobiles(an overland race to Evanston, etc.). What was more appropriate, then,than for Major Lohr, director of the Museum, to have Director Wilsonpicked up with a bright blue, one-cylinder, 1909, open air Cadillac.The return trip was made in a 1910 Sears (mail order) buggy onwhich the driver had to hold the clutch down to keep the car in motion.Mr. Wilson was impressed with its "beautiful patent leather dashboardand one triumphant vestigial touch — a socket for the buggy whip."Ashjian Bros., inc.ESTABLISHED IS2IOriental and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED8066 South Chicago Phone Regent 6000 BIENENFELDGLASS CORP. OF ILLINOISChicago's Most Complete Stock ofGLASS1 525W. 35th St. PhoneLafayette 8400PENDERCatch Basin and Sewer ServiceBack Water Valves, Sumps-Pumps6620 COTTAGE GROVE AVENUE1545 E. 63RD STREETFAIRFAX 0330-0550-0880PENDER CATCH BASIN SERVICE1545 EAST 63RD STREET Timothy A. BarrettPLASTERERRepairing A Specialty5549 S. Cottage Grove Ave.Phone Hyde Park 0653 La Touraine Coffee Co.IMPORTERS AND ROASTERS OFLA TOURAINECOFFEE AND TEA209-13 MILWAUKEE AVE., CHICAGOat Lake and Canal Sts.Phone State 1350Boston— New York— Philad«lphl«— Syraeuu26 T HE U N I V E RSITY OF CHICA G O M A G AZINEMrs. Sarah King Harvey, AM,PhD '34, is Professor of English inthe State Teachers College at TerreHaute, Indiana.Clark M. Eichelberger is director ofthe Commission to study the Organization of Peace, and is editor of"Changing World", world affairsmagazine.William A. Askew is minister of theCentral Christian Church, Jacksonville, Illinois.Catherine Sturtevant, AM, PhD'31, reports she is kept very busy withduties as Editor of the Cornell University Press and the Comstock Publishing Co., Inc.George R. Bent, AM, is workingwith the American Friends ServiceCommittee in Philadelphia.TuckerDecorating Service5559 S. Cottage Grove Ave.Phone MID way 4404Arthur MichaudelDesigner and Maker ofDistinctive Stained Glass Windows542 North Paulina Street, ChicagoTelephone Monroe 2423MOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNIHOWARD F. NOLANPLASTERING, BRICKandCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. Lake Park Ave.Telephone Dorchester 1579Alice Banner Englewood 3181COLORED HELPFACTORY HELPSTORESSHOPSMILLS FOUNDRIESEnglewood Emp. Agcy., 5534 S. State St. At the beginning of this year, Samuel Marsh accepted the position ofCounsel for Interstate Bakeries Corporation, and is located in the generaloffice in Kansas City. During the warhe served in the Salary StabilizationUnit of the Treasury Department.1925Irene Eastman, SM, has joined thefaculty of the University of SouthernCalifornia at Los Angeles as lecturerin the chemistry department.Julius B. Laramore is an instructorin Latin at the George School, GeorgeSchool, Pennsylvania.Samuel Broyde has taken a newposition as report analyst with theOffice of Price Administration in Chicago. He was formerly connectedwith the Walton School of Commerce.C. Harrison Dwight, SM, is assistant professor of physics in the collegeof engineering at the University ofCincinnati.Verne E. Chatelain, AM, is attracting favorable comment with hiscourses in history at the University ofMaryland, based on the social historyof the common man, rather thanwars and national leaders.1926Mrs. William H. Love (ArleeNuser AM) is a chemist with Bethlehem Steel, and her husband is anengineer with the Navy at HuntersPoint. They are living in San Francisco.James Bradford, MS, has recentlyjoined the faculty of George WilliamsCollege in Chicago as associate professor of Physics.Alice L. Pearson is principal of theWilliamston High School in Williams-ton, Michigan.Theodore T. Lafferty, AM, PhD'28, has recently been appointed associate professor of philosophy andpsychology at Hood College, Frederick, Maryland.1927Dr. William J. Reilly, PhD, isfounder and the director of The National Institute for Straight Thinking in New York City, and has recently had his fifth book, "The Lawof Intelligent Action" published.Phone: Saginaw 3202FRANK CURRANRoofing & InsulationLeaks RepairedFree EstimatesFRANK CURRAN ROOFING CO.8019 Bennett St. Lawrence W. Hartel has joined thefaculty of Moberly Junior College,Moberly, Missouri, as instructor inphysics and mathematics.Alice M. Walker, AM, has joinedthe faculty at Ohio Wesleyan University as an instructor.Major Walter E. (Wally) Marks,a football star while at the University, is on the football coaching staffof the A.A.F. Personnel DistributionCommand at Greensboro, North Carolina.Marguerite Grant is teaching homeeconomics in the 7 th grade and highschool at the Santa Fe Indian Schoolin Santa Fe, New Mexico.Forrest L. Weller, AM, PhD '45, isassociate professor of sociology atSouth Dakota State College in Brookings.1928H. D. Harmeyer, pastor of the College Church and teacher in OaklandCity College, Oakland City, Indiana,for the last nine years, has resignedto work in religious and educationalrehabilitation on the island of Guam. .He and Mrs. Harmeyer hope to fly tothe island from San Francisco.Doris Mode has moved her office to135 North Perry Street, Dayton,Ohio, where she is practicing psychoanalysis and counseling on personalproblems.Carl H. Henrikson, Jr. is researchdirector with the J. M. Mathes Company in New York City.Matilda A. Williams, AM '33, is onsabbatical leave from Moorhead StateTeachers College where she is chairman of the art department, to workon her doctor's degree at the University of Chicago.James L. Garard has been electedpresident of the Western Golf Association. He has recently been retiredfrom the Navy with the rank of Lieutenant Commander.John L. Lawson is teaching mathematics at the Bee Hive Jr. HighSchool in Cleveland, Ohio.Mame Lewis, AM, is teaching inthe high school at Valentine, Nebraska.Walter S. Ryder, PhD, facultymember of the Central Michigan College of Education, recently passed theMichigan Bar examinations.GEO. D. MILLIGANCOMPANYPAINTING CONTRACTORS2101-9 South Kedzie AvenuePhone: Rockwell 8060THE UNI V1929Robert R. Rush is Sales Instructorwith the Crowell-Collier PublishingCompany in New York City.Mrs. John Wesley Boehr, Jr.,(Gloria Leven, AM '31) has crossedthe nation from Maryland to California where she will receive theMagazine at 3506 Potomac Avenue,Los Angeles, in the future.Esther Perez King, AM '38, has accepted a position as teacher of Spanishat the Faulkner School in Chicago.Edgar Dale, PhD, is with the Bureau of Educational Research at OhioState University, and during the pastyear has been making a study of thereadability of pamphlets issued by theNational Tuberculosis Association,and plans to make similar studies oftheir radio programs and motionpictures.Mrs. George H. Rogers (Marguerite C. Hochdoerfer, PhD) was recently named a trustee of WittenbergCollege, Springfield, Ohio.Frank R. Kille, SM, PhD '34, hasmoved from Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, to Northfield, Minnesota,where he is Dean of Men at CarletonCollege.After two years spent as Chief ofExploration, Petroleum Administration for War, Washington, D. C,Carleton D. Speed, Jr., is leavingHouston, Texas, for Sinton, Texas,where he will become superintendentof -exploration and chief geologist forthe Plymouth Oil Company.Eula Porter Robins, AM, is supervisory dietitian with the TennesseeEastman Corporation at Kingsport,Tenn.John Herman McBrady is workingas a certified public accountant inHouston, Texas.1930Capt. Bernard Weinberg, '30, PhD'36, was recently in the office, whileon terminal leave. He plans to returnto the faculty of St. Louis Universitythe second semester, and is going toEurope next year on a Guggenheimpost-service fellowship.MURPHY BUTTER and EGG CO.WHOLESALE2016 CALUMET AVE.CHURNERS OF FANCY CREAMERY BUTTERFINEST WISCONSIN EGGSPhone CALumet 5731 :rsity OF CHICAGOMrs. Frank Arvidson (Emma L.Hodgins) is employed as PsychiatricSocial Worker in the Behavior Clinicof the Criminal Court of CookCounty.Lester Forest Beck, JD, is an executive with the Travelers InsuranceCompany at Hartford, Conn.Ernest Lyman Stebbins, MD Rush,commissioner of health of New YorkCity, has been appointed professorof public health administration andassistant director of the school of hygiene and public health of the JohnsHopkins University.Ralph McBurney, MD, is professorof bacteriology and clinical pathologyat the Medical College of Alabamain Birmingham.Grace A. Klein is principal of theGriswold Park School, Jackson, Michigan.Carter Davidson, PhD, has beenchosen as the 13 th president of UnionCollege, Schenectady, New York, andwill assume his duties the beginningof the March term. For the past nineyears he has been president of RnoxCollege, in Galesburg, Illinois.Jules Downes Porsche, PhD '33, isassistant research director of the Armour Laboratories in Chicago.Margaret J. Hough, SM '42, isdoing substitute teaching in botanyand zoology at Chicago Teacher'sCollege.Henry Rehn, PhD, recently leftTemple University in Philadelphia toaccept the position of Dean in theCollege of Vocations and Professionsat Southern Illinois Normal University at Carbondale.Harvey James Locke, PhD, formerly a member of the faculty of Indiana University, is now professor ofsociology at the University of Southern California.1931Irby Brewster Carruth, AM, is superintendent of schools at Waco,Texas.Hubert Schnuch has been appointedto the faculty of the Shattuck Schoolin Faribault, Minnesota, as Germanmaster.Edwin H. Lennette, PhD '35, MDRush '36, is engaged in public healthand medical research as a member ofthe Field Staff, International HealthENGLEWOODELECTRICAL SUPPLY CO.Distributors, Manufacturer! and Jobbers ofELECTRICAL MATERIALS ANDFIXTURE SUPPLIES5801 • EnglewoodS. Halsted Street 7500 MAGAZINE 27NO NEED OF THiS.s.7bis gentleman is the inventor of the" inside-outside " pipe. ( From an old print)28 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEDivision of the Rockefeller Foundation. He has recently returned to thiscountry after four years in SouthAmerica, and is currently assigned tothe California State Department ofHealth at Berkeley, California.Helen Pearl Fullerton, AM, is girlsadviser in the high school in MasonCity, Iowa.Harold N. Solomon, JD, has returned from overseas military serviceand has resumed the general practiceof law at 105 West Madison Street,Chicago.1932Milicent L. Hathaway, PhD, hasleft the faculty of Cornell Universityto accept a position with the Foodand Nutrition Division, AgriculturalResearch Division, Bureau of HumanNutrition and Home Economics, inWashington, D. C.John Post, MD '37, formerly aLieutenant Colonel in the MedicalCorps of the Army has returned tocivilian practice with offices at 122South Michigan Boulevard, Chicago.1933Minnie Sue Buckingham, AM, ischairman of the English Departmentat Sioux Falls College, Sioux Falls,South Dakota.TELEPHONE HAYMARKET 4566O'GALLAGHAN BROS., Inc.PLUMBING CONTRACTORS21 SOUTH GREEN ST.PETERSONFIREPROOFWAREHOUSESTORAGEMOVING•Foreign —DomesticShipments•55th & ELLIS AVENUEPHONEMIDway 9700 Mrs. H. Z. Oldham (Birdie L.Vaughn, '33) who taught at ArkansasState College, Pine Bluff, Arkansas,twenty-four years, is now teaching inLakeland, Florida, where her husbandhas been in business twenty-five years.Ruth Krumreig Hill, PhD, has recently accepted a position as psycho-metrist and test administrator atMoorhead State Teachers College,Moorhead, Minnesota.Milton Friedman, AM, has left Columbia University to accept the postof associate professor of business administration at the University of Minnesota.Harold P. Claus, AM, is now principal of the John Swaney High Schoolat McNabb, Illinois.Mrs. Thomas Eldred (Edna Heald,'33) is teaching fine arts in the Washington Irving High School in NewYork City.Velma D. Whipple is teaching biology in the Arlington Heights Township High School, Arlington Heights,111. Previously she had been a guidelecturer at the Chicago Natural History Museum.Morris C. Bergen, AM '35, whowas retired from the Army in Augustwith the rank of Captain, is workingas a research chemist with the Pioneer Paint and Varnish Company inTucson, Arizona.Marc Malvern Cleworth, AM, is asaleman for the Laidlaw PublishingCompany of Chicago. Mrs. Cleworth(Maud C. Rasmussen, AM '40) spentthe summer teaching in the graduateschool of education at the Universityof Cincinnati.J. P. Hauser sends greetings fromMexico City, where he has just finished 43 years as missionary of theMethodist Church in Mexico. Mrs.Hauser, '33 assists him in teachingat the Union Theological Seminary inMexico City.TREMONTAUTO SALES CORP.Authorized DealerCHRYSLER and PLYMOUTH6040 Cottage GroveMid. 4200Used Car DepartmentComplete Automobile RepairsBody Shop — Paint ShopSimoniiing — WashingGreasing Herman A. Glass, AM, is directorof the textbook division of the statedepartment of education at Austin,Texas.Arthur C. Boyce, PhD, received adecoration from the Ministry of Education of the Government of Iran,"the First Scientific Medal for longyears of outstanding service in Education in Iran."1934Robert A. Walker, PhD '40, hasmoved to Manhattan, Kansas, wherehe is to be director of the institute ofcitizenship at Kansas State College,and will also serve as professor ofpolitical science. He was formerlyassistant director of finance with U.S. Department of Agriculture. He isthe husband of Louise C. Walker, '35.William O. Philbrook reported recently to the Carnegie Institute ofTechnology to assume duties as assistant professor of metallurgical engineering and staff member of themetals* research laboratory. He willdo both teaching and research ranging from fundamental theoretical research on metals to industrial researchwith industries in the Pittsburgh area.His particular field is process metallurgy and he has written or collaborated in a number of papers on various steel-making problems. He cooperated in the writing of a book,"Basic Open Hearth Steelmaking" bythe Physical Chemistry of Steelmaking Committee of the American Institute of Mining and MetallurgicalEngineers.Alice E. Davis, AM '36, is teachingin the Lincoln Elementary School inEast Chicago, Indiana.Harley Tripp? PhD, is assistantprofessor of chemistry at AlbrightCollege, Reading, Pennsylvania.William W. Farley III, SM, is aresearch associate in the Radio Research Laboratory, Harvard University and is living in Arlington, Mass.Rev. Earl Frederick Adams is nowwith the Protestant Council, 46 CedarStreet, New York City.1935Agnes M. Brady has joined the faculty of the College of St. Catherinein St. Paul as associate professor ofSpanish.JOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900—0901Retail Deliveries Daily and SundaysQuality and Service Since 1882THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 29John Kerr Rose, PhD, received hisJD degree from George WashingtonUniversity at the fall commencementexercises on October 17.Richard G. Chrisman has accepteda position as assistant professor inthe economics department at Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh.Loyd W. Rowland, PhD, is thenewly appointed director of the Louisiana Society for Mental Health.1936Cairns K. Smith, PhD, has recentlybeen appointed to the faculty of Oregon State College at Corvallis, Oregon, as associate professor of history.Anne Green, AM, has joined thefaculty of Alabama Polytechnic Institute at Auburn, Alabama.J. Margaret Stone is leaving shortlyto spend nine months in Japan on aspecial War Department mission.Robert H. Scanlan, SM '39, is research aviation engineer with Republic Aviation Corporation at Farming-dale, New York.1937Ithaca College, Ithaca, New Yorkhas announced the appointment ofMrs. William R. Irwin (PatriciaBeesley, AM) to the college staff asinstructor in English.Robert M. Cole, PhD, is doing workon Pyrethreum for the Navy.Quote from a recent letter byWilliam H. Hart, AM '39, with theUnited States Embassy in Argentina:"Buenos Aires is a great metropolisand probably the only war-time capital where life has continued on a luxurious scale. Perhaps it is cruel tomention it, but the quality and quantity of the famous Argentine beefsteaks have not diminished."Norman R. Davidson, PhD '41, isworking as research chemist with theR.C.A. Corporation at Princeton,New Jersey.Lt. Col. Robert H. Bethke, '37,Control Division, Office of the Commanding General, Army ServiceForces, was awarded the Legion ofMerit on November 7, 1945, for "exceptionally meritorious conduct in theperformance of outstanding services."Carl J. Furr, PhD, a lieutenant colonel in the Coast Artillery Corps, isRICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING & DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMonroe 3192 at present chief of the InterrogationStation at Natal, Brazil.Fern Silver, SM, is teaching homeeconomics in the San Bernardinohigh school, at San Bernardino, California.Ormand C. Julian, MD, PhD '42,has retired from the Army with therank of Captain, and has returned tocivilian practice with offices at 25East Washington Street, Chicago.Clara M. Berghoefer is teachingscience in the Jefferson Senior HighSchool in Port Arthur, Texas.Maurine Happ, MBA, is associatedwith the faculty at the University ofWashington in Seattle as lecturer andacting head of the department.Charity Ruth Hillis, AM, is a research assistant with the Bureau ofSchool Service at the University ofKentucky. Formerly she taught social studies at Berea College.1938Hick Harkell McClanahan, Jr.,MD, has been overseas with the Marine Corp since July, 1944. He participated in the Iwo Jima invasion,and when we last heard was locatedin Sasebo, Japan. Mrs. McClanahan,and their two sons, the youngest ofwhom his father has never seen, areliving in Columbus, Mississippi.Mrs. John Vincent (Etelka Holt,SB) in collaboration with MildredCutler has brought out a work bookin Geography, which is being favorably received.Harvey M. Redford, '38, formerlypastor of the Christian Church atGreenville, Texas, has accepted a callto serve as pastor of the First Christian Church, Hot Springs. Mr. Red-ford began his work with the newpastorate on June 10.Jonah W. D. Skiles, PhD, has recently joined the faculty of Northwestern State College at Natchitoches, Louisiana, as associate professor of Latin.Serving the Medical ProfessionSince 1895V. MUELLER & CO.SURGEONSTNSTRUMENTSHOSPITAL AND OFFICEFURNITUREORTHOPEDICAPPLIANCES•Phone Seeley 2180, all departmentsOgden Ave., Van Buren andHonore StreetsChicago 12 Irene L. Klein is assistant to theDirector of Personnel at Johnson andJohnson, New Brunswick, N. J.Landrum Boiling, AM, who servedas war correspondent in Europe, hasreturned to the United States.Rose Bell, AM, has recently accepted a position as assistant juniordean at the Leonard School for Girlsin New York City.Lillie Mae Rickman, AM, is assistant director of education for exceptional children in the Office of Public Instruction at Springfield, Illinois.W. Harold Poole is director ofmarket research and is living inMontreal, Canada.1939Harvey M. Schamp, PhD, has recently accepted a position as chemistwith Paisley Products, Inc., in Chicago.William F. Conway, MBA, is assistant professor of accounting atWestern Reserve University in Cleveland.Josiah Crudup, PhD, was installedas president of Brenau College,Gainesville, Georgia, on November14, 1945.M. John Wagner, AM '40, has recently joined the faculty of Northwestern University as instructor inSPRAGUEIRON WORKS44 10 WEST ADDISON ST.TELEPHONEPALISADE - - 2210SWIFT'S ICE CREAMAt home, or at your favorite sodafountain, creamy-smooth, delicious Swift's Ice Cream is trulyA Product olSWIFT & COMPANY7409 S. State StreetPhone RADcliffe 740030 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEEnglish. Mrs. Wagner (Marjorie C.Hamilton, '39, AM '40 ) is teachingspeech and journalism at Northeastern Oklahoma A. & M. College inMiami, Okla.Willard Hogan, PhD, is associateprofessor of history and political science at Berea College.1940Esther E. Kirchhoefer, AM, isworking in the Dean's Office in theDivision of Social Sciences at the University.Fred J. Jackson, AM, has left UnoPark, Ontario, to take up duties in anew pastorate at Hornings Mills, Ontario.Katherine Hazard, PhD, has accepted a position as instructor ofmathematics at New Jersey Collegefor Women in New Brunswick, NewJersey.Esther A. Howard, AM, is head ofthe art department at the StateTeachers College, at River Falls, Wisconsin.Viola Farmakis, AM '42, has accepted a position as instructor ofGerman at Marygrove College, Detroit, Michigan.Mrs Joseph Southern (Eileen Jackson, AM '41) will be Director ofMusic at Alcorn A. and M. College,Alcorn, Mississippi. Her husband,Joseph Southern, MBA, '45, is Business Manager of the college.Rosemary F. Wiley, AM '41, isassisting in teaching of mathematicsat the University and working on herPhD.NEILER, RICH & CO.(NOT INC.)ENGINEERSMechanical and ElectricalConsulting and Designing431 So. Dearborn StreetChicago 5, III.Telephone Harrison 7691Wasson-PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phones: Wentworth 8620-1-2-3-4Wesson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wesson DoesPOND LETTER SERVICEEverything in LettersHooveit TypewritingMultigraphingAdd res so graph ServieeHighest Quality ServiceAll PhonesHarrison 8118 MimeographingAddressingMailingMinimum Prices418 So. Market St.Chicago Lulu E. Kellogg, AM, is a memberof the Curriculum Guiding Committee of the Wisconsin Cooperative Educational Planning Program underthe direction of the State Departmentof Public Instruction and the Wisconsin Education Association.Antreen McDonnell Pfau, SM '44,wis an editorial assistant with Consolidated Book Publisher, Chicago, 111.Chaplain Howell G. Guin, '40, hasbeen recently awarded the BronzeStar Medal for meritorious servicerendered.Ward L. Miner, AM, has returnedto civilian life, and has joined thefaculty of the Colorado School ofMines in Golden, Colorado, as instructor in English.Pauline A. Hackbarth has recentlyaccepted a position as English teacherin West High School, Minneapolis,Minn.Leander W. Binna, AM, has recently accepted a position as instructor in social studies at HinsdaleTownship High School, Hinsdale, Illinois.Max R. Nicolai, JD '41, has beenappointed a member of the Americanlegal staff which will prosecute warcriminals in Germany. He was bornin Luxemborg, and came from Germany to the United States in 1934.He was naturalized in 1941.Edward S. Gordon, MBA, has beendischarged from the Army and is alecturer at Roosevelt College, Chicago.Clarence G. Burgdorf is instructingin social sciences at Herzl Junior College in Chicago.Joseph Paynter Holt, PhD, has lefthis position at the University ofLouisville School of Medicine, andis now with the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey at 30 RockefellerPlaza, N. Y., as a specialist in toxicology-1941Lysander H. MacConkey has accepted a position as instructor ofMathematics at Lake Forest HighSchool, in Lake Forest, Illinois.Ella P. Levett, PhD, is head of theSpanish department at Hardin-Sim-mons University at Abilene, Texas.John Calvin Willard has accepted aposition as instructor of generalThe Best Place to Eat on the South Side(PMpfjWItelp*COLONIAL RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone Hyde Park 6324 science and biology at Wheaton College Academy at Wheaton, Illinois.He was formerly teacher in the Lexington High School at Lexington,Kentucky.Alexander R. Jacoby, '41, SM '42,has accepted a position as instructorat the University of Chicago.Natalie Perry, AM '41, is workingas educational therapist with the Institute for Juvenile Research in Chicago.Alvaro E. Ferlini, SM, is now at St.Joseph College in West Hartford,Connecticut, where he is instructor inMathematics.Sol Weller, PhD, is chemist withthe U. S. Bureau of Mines in Pittsburgh.Dorothy Bangert, AM, is teachingeighth grade in the Woodstock Schoolin Portland, Oregon.Albert S. Nichols, PhD, is collegeexaminer and associate professor ofeducation at Wheaton College,Wheaton, Illinois. In addition, he isin charge of counseling of veteransand directing the faculty counselingprogram.Daphne B. Swartz, PhD, is Associate Professor of Biology at BradleyIntitute in Peoria.Ann Wemple Henry, AM, is teaching in Monticello College at Alton,Illinois.Robert Baum reports he has beenseeing quite a bit of the country whileoil hunting. He is employed by theSeismograph Service Corporation,Tulsa, Oklahoma, as geologist.Elizabeth Czoniczer, AM, is an assistant in the romance language department at the University of Illinois,Urbana, Illinois.1942William D. Grampp, AM, PhD '44,has accepted a position as assistantprofessor of Economics at DePaulUniversity in Chicago.Edgar N. Guilford, AM, has beenappointed psychiatric social workerfor the Veterans Administration covering all of Northern California, andHIGHEST RATED IN UNITED STATES* ENGRAVERS M SINCE 1906 + WORK DONE BY ALL PROCESSES ?+ ESTIMATES GLADLY FURNISHED *t- ANY PUBLISHER OUR REFERENCE ?pRAYNERlf• DALHEIM &CO '205* W. LAKE ST., CHICAGO.THE UNIVERSITY OE CHICAGO MAGAZINE 31js planning work on his PhD at theUniversity of California this fall.Miriam M. Higgins, SM '42, isworking at the Chicago Quartermaster Depot.Eulah Mae Snider, AM, is Assistant Professor of Library Science atFlorida State College, Tallahassee,Florida.William L. Taylor, PhD, is associate professor and head of the department of sociology at Drury College.Albert Scherman, MD, is practicingmedicine in Stephenville, Texas.William John Beecher is employedas zoologist with the Chicago NaturalHistory Museum.Richard D. Schafer, PhD, has accepted a position as instructor in themathematics department at the University of Michigan. He was formerlya Lieutenant in the Navy.Edward Hormann, AM, is directorof music with the Caddo ParishSchool Board at Shreveport, Louisiana.Robert Gayle Nunn, Jr., JD, hasreturned to the States after servingoverseas 18 months as Captain in theSignal Corps. He was married onMarch 27, 1943, to Holly Geary ofFairfax, California, and they have ason, Robert Gayle Nunn III.Theodore J. Little, JD, is professorof public speaking and drama at theCollege of Saint Teresa in Winona,Minnesota.Mary E. Runyan, AM '45, is director of women students for the Christian Student Foundation at Michigan State College in East Lansing.Sara C. Larson, SM, has joined thefaculty of Florida State College forWomen at Tallahassee as an instructor.Mrs. John Mecklin (Shirley Karr)spent Christmas in Rome, where shejoined her husband, who is Romecorrespondent for the Chicago Sun.Lawrence M. Litz, formerly withthe atomic bomb project, has beengranted a Battelle Research Fellowship and will register at Ohio StateMacCormac School ofCommerceBusiness Administration and Secretarial TrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESAccredited by the National Association ofAccredited Commercial Schools1170 E. 63rd St. H. P. 2130 University, conducting his researchwork in the laboratories of Battelleunder the joint guidance of the Institute and the University. He intendsto work in the Organic ChemistryDivision on the hydrolysis of uraniumcarbides.A recent campus visitor was Capt.Henry E. Schlegel, MD Rush '42, onterminal leave after 26 months service as battalion surgeon with the 30thDivision. He wears the Silver Star,Bronze Star with Oak Leaf Clusterand five battle stars. He is on hisway home to Portland, Oregon,where he will return to private practice.William J. Hockman is appearingin the Universal picture, "ShadyLady" with Ginny Sims and CharlesCoburn. He is using the professionalname of Bill Hunt.Edwin E. Hays, PhD, recently accepted the position of assistant professor of biochemistry at the University of Vermont.1943Lilli G. Unger has joined the staffof the Grove School in Madison, Connecticut, as teacher and counsellor.William M. Carlton, PhD, is a marketing specialist with the UnitedStates Department of Agriculture,and is located in Chicago.Lynn W. Ross, AM, former boysdirector at the State Orphans Homeat Corsicana,- Texas, has become firstassistant chief probation officer in theDallas County Juvenile Department.Marion B. Grady, AM, has accepted a position as librarian at theBall State Teachers College, Muncie,Indiana.Mrs. Grace Carqueville Fearing isdirector of the USO in Tampa, Florida.Alexander Rattray, PhD, is musicsupervisor in the Dryden PublicSchool, Dryden, Canada.Hsi Wang, PhD, has recently joinedthe faculty of Berea College as associate professor of biology.Gerald Herrbach is teaching Frenchand Spanish at the University ofAkron, Akron, Ohio.Dorothy Eggebrecht, MBA, has•joined the staff of the NorthernACMESHEET METAL WORKSANIMAL CAGESandLaboratory Equipment1121 East 55th StreetPhone Hyde Park 9500 Michigan College of Education as associate professor.For four years during the war,George W. Beach, PhD, was chiefchemist and later assistant technicaldirector of the Gelatin Products Corporation in Detroit. He has recentlyresigned his position to become director of research for Libby, McNeill& Libby in Chicago.1944Lt- (j-g.) James J. Pattee, MD '44,writes: "Keep bumping into Bill Hall,MD '44, everywhere from 'Frisco onwest.' He's now stationed at Cavite.I am stationed with a Seabee maintenance unit on Samar, P. I."Margaret L. Pfleuger is a catalogerin the War Department Library atWashington, D. C.Avivah Zuckerman, PhD, researchassistant in the department of bacteriology and parisitology at the University, has left for Palestine, wherehe can be reached in care of Mr.Baruch Zuckerman, with the JewishAgency for Palestine, Jerusalem.Galileo Patino is librarian with theBiblioteca Nacional at Panama, R.de P.Sylvia Cohn, AM, is informationspecialist with the Department ofState, Washington, D. C.Van W. Hunt, MD, has a fellowship in medicine. at the Mayo Foundation in Rochester. Mrs. Hunt isthe former Helen W. Parkes, '30.Platers, SilversmithsSpecialists . . .GOLD, SILVER. RHODANIZESILVERWARERepaired, Refinished, RelacqueredSWARTZ & COMPANY10 S. Wabash Ave. CENtral 6089-90 ChicagoCLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency63rd YearNationwide ServiceFive -Offices — One Fee64 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoMinneapolis — Kansas City, Mo.Spokane — New YorkE. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing731 Plymouth CourtWabash 818232 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE1945Anita Glickman is substitute teaching in Spanish and French at Amundsen High School in Chicago.Elizabeth Teichmann, AM, is teaching French in the Town School, Chicago.Bess M. Sutton, AM, has accepteda position as primary teacher in theWashington School at Berkeley, Cal.Mary E. Coleman, PhD, has joinedthe faculty of the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia as assistantprofessor.Kathryn E. Delehoy, AM, is assistant in personnel at Ohio WesleyanUniversity, Delaware, Ohio.Walter Levy, AM, is serving as vocational counselor with the JewishVocational Service in Detroit.Perry T. Olson, AM, is teachingsocial studies in the Evanston Township High School, in Evanston, Illinois.Barbara Burt, AM, is doing psychological testing with the StudentCounseling Bureau at the Universityof Minnesota.Bette Bower is teaching third gradeat the Northshore School of Childhood in Chicago.Charles Carpenter Holloway, MBA,is merchandise supervisor with Marshall Field and Company in Chicago.Jessie L. Cade, AM, has accepteda position as instructor at the FloridaAgricultural and Mechanical College,Tallahassee, Florida.AMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. JACKSON BOULEVARDCHICAGOA Bureau of Placement which limits Hawork to the university and college Held.It is affliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.placMotte decoratingbernicePhone Pullman 917010422 Mtiitsi me., Chicago, 311. ENGAGEMENTSMr. and Mrs. Albert Peyraud recently announced the engagement oftheir daughter, Angela Peyraud, SB'45, to Deane Roesch Hinton, AB '43.Lt. Hinton has recently returnedfrom overseas. The wedding isplanned to take place in the spring.MARRIAGESCapt. Mildred H. McAfee, AM '28,Director of the Women's Reserve,U.S.N.R., and Douglas Horton weremarried on August 10, 1945.Elaine Carol Schmidt, '37, wasmarried on August 26, 1944, to Richard C. Mellon.Emma Genevieve Dum, SM '38,was married to Miles C. Stanton onDecember 1, 1945, at a nuptial solemn high mass celebrated by herbrother.Helen Ehrlich, '39, and Burl IcleIves, guitar-playing ballad singer,were married' December 6, 1945, inChicago, where Mr. Ives is appearing in the Mayfair Room of theBlackstone Hotel.Rev. Martin Luther Greer, '40,and Martha Morrison were marriedlast June in Evanston, Illinois.Willis E. Elliott, '41, and VivianLoree Gangwish were married inSeptember in Gibbon, Nebraska.Daniel Zelinsky, '41, SM '43, andZelda B. Oser of Forest Hills,Queens, New York were marriedSeptember 23 at the home of herparents. They will be at home at6218 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago.Mr. Zelinsky is returning to theUniversity for further study, and thebride will matriculate in a specialcourse in medical illustration at theIllinois College of Medicine.Ensign Margery Ann Moses, '42,and Frank Shurman of Chicago wereTelephone Haymarket 3120E. A. AARON & BROS. Inc.Fresh Fruits and VegetablesDistributors ofCEDERGREEN FROZEN FRESH FRUITS ANDVEGETABLES46-48 South Water MarketSTENOTYPYLearn new, speedy machine shorthand. Lesseffort, no cramped fingers or nervous fatigue.Also other courses: Typing, Bookkeeping,Comptometry, etc. Day or evening. Visit,write or phone for data.Bryant^ StratumCOLL)EGE18 S. Michigan Ave. Tel. Randolph 1575 married in September. Margery isassistant personnel officer at theU. S. Coast Guard Station, FloydBennett Field, Brooklyn, New York.Corporal Ruth Opdal, '42, wasmarried to John D. Smith on November 16, 1945. She is expecting to bedischarged shortly, and they will livein Chicago.Ruth P. Werner, '43, and CharlesJ. Katz, MD Rush '37, were marriedon July 8, 1945.Lt. Robert Jackson Meyers, '44,married Suzanne Boynton on December 9, 1944. He is now stationed atHickam Field, Hawaii.Sylvia Koral, '45, and Ensign Z. J.Lansky were married October 2,1945.BIRTHSMajor Castle W. Freeman, '28, andMrs. Freeman (Janet Cunningham,'31) are the proud parents of a sor^born November 26, 1944, at San Antonio.Lt. Hyman M. Greenstein, '33, JD'35, and Mrs. Greenstein are theproud parents of a son, Barry Allan, born September 17, 1945, inHonolulu, T. H.David Arin Kallick was born onNovember 7, 1945, to Joseph N.Kallick, '34, and Mrs. Kallick.Charles C. Hauch, '34, AM '36,PhD '42, and Mrs. Hauch (Rutha-dele La Tourrette, AM '39) announce the birth of their secondchild, Charlotte Christine, on September 30, at Washington, D. C.,where Mr. Hauch is with the StateDepartment.A son, Dallas, Jr., was born onOctober 21, 1945, to Captain DallasE. Patt, '34, and Mrs. Patt.Shelley Rogers was born November 13, 1945, to William C. Rogers,'40, AM '41, PhD '43, and Mrs. Rogers (Mary Jane Anderson, '41). Mr.TINY TOTSTERILIZEDDIAPER SERVICEE7i75A st. PLAza 8464A. T. STEWART LUMBER COMPANYEVERYTHING inLUMBER AND MILLWORK7855 Greenwood Ave. Vin 9000410 West I llth St. Pul 0034Rogers has been Personnel Secretary,Public Administration ClearingHouse in Chicago since July, 1943.Lucius W. Wimby, '40, MD '42,and Mrs. Wimby announce the arrival of a daughter, Sheila Dorene,on February 24, 1945.A daughter, Judith Beall, was bornto Eunice Felter Boyer, AM '41, andMerle Boyer, PhD '40, last July.Pfc. Richard C. Massell, '41, andMrs. Massell (Jean P. Levitan, '41)announce the birth of a daughter,Shirley May, on June 16, 1945.A daughter, Patricia Louise, wasborn on October 23, 1945, to Sgt.Robert J. Hughes, '41, and Mrs.Hughes (Ruth Murray, '43). Bob isstationed in Tokyo.Robert U. Stolhand, AM '42, andMrs. Stolhand announce the arrivalof a daughter, Karen Jean, bornJune 24, 1945. Mr. Stolhand is nowemployed with the Milwaukee County Probation Department in Milwaukee.Edward G. Ference, '42, MD '44,and Mrs. Ference are the proud parents of a son, Michael William, bornon August 7, 1945. Dr. Ference istaking the Army's Course in Neuropsychiatry at Columbia Universitytogether with two other members ofhis class: Gerald Ginrich, MD '44,and Frank Evans, MD '44.DEATHSFred P. Haggard, DB '89, on October 12, 1945, at St. Petersburg,Florida.Henry Barnard Kummel, PhD '95,widely known geologist, on October23, 1945, at Trenton, New Jersey.Harriet G. Blaine, AM '96, retireddean of women and professor ofLatin at Wheaton (111.) College, onNovember 5, 1945, at Wheaton.Mrs. Arthur G. Wedge (MargaretFord, '97) on September 30, 1945,at Minneapolis, Minnesota.Harry D. Wiley, '97, MD '99 onAugust 20, 1945, at Glencoe, Illinois.BIRCK-FELLINGER CORP.ExclusiveCleaners & Dyers200 E. Marquette RoadPhone: Went. 5380T. A. REHNQUIST CO. CONCRETEFLOORSSIDEWALKSMACHINE FOUNDATIONSEMERGENCY WORKALL PHONESWentworth 44226639 So. Vernon Av«. Charles Edward Carey, '00, onMay 5, 1945, at Colorado Springs,Colo.Harry Gilbert Paul, AM '01, professor of English, emeritus, who hadspent 44 years on the University ofIllinois faculty, on September 27,1945, at Champaign, III.Matilda Krebs, '02, on June 6,1945, at Los Angeles.John Wesley Hubert, AB '02, onOctober 10, at Savannah, Ga.Frank Grant Lewis, AM '06, PhD'07, Baptist minister, author, and educator, on November 19, 1945, atPenn Yan, N. Y.Clarence S. Yoakum, PhD '08, onNovember 20, at Ann Arbor, Michigan. He joined the faculty of theUniversity of Michigan in 1924, andsince 1935 had been Dean of theGraduate School.James Burrell Meigs, '10, suddenlyon October 30, 1945, while on ahunting trip at Huron, South Dakota. He was western advertising manager of the "American Weekly".While at the University he held theheavyweight wrestling championship,and was captain of the baseball teamin his senior year. He was a brotherof Merrill C. Meigs, '08, vice president of the Hearst Corporation.Cleo Wilson, '18, in June, 1945, atChicago.Lucius L. McGee, AM '17, onAugust 20, 1945, at Oklahoma City,Okla.Rodney B. Harvey, PhD '18, fortwenty-five years professor of plantphysiology at the University of Minnesota, on November 4, 1945, at Minneapolis. He is credited with discovering the ethylene process ofripening fruits which made possiblethe shipping of tropical fruit in greencondition and ripening them artificially.Grace Tinker Davis, '19, (Mrs.Ozora S.) on September 23, 1945, atChicago.OBERG'SFLOWER SHOPFlowers wired the world over1461 E. 57th StreetPhones: Fairfax 3670, 3671BEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO.24-HOUR SERVICELICENSED - BONDEDINSUREDQUALIFIED WELDERSHAYmarkot 79171404-08 S. Western Ave., Chicago Mrs. Douglass C. Clark (AnneGulbransen, '19) on October 11, atChicago.Julius C. Kayser, JD '21, on April24, 1945, at Huntington Park, California.Georgia Borger, '24, on July 2,1945, at Lake City, Florida.Gertrude Elizabeth Shippen, '24,in April, 1945, at Miami, Florida.Loa Green, '24, in March, 1945,at Mt. Clemens, Michigan.Don S. Irwin, '25, JD '27, on September 14, 1945, at Los Angeles,California.Ernst Thelin, PhD '26, head of thedepartment of psychology at theUniversity of Syracuse, on November10, 1945.Edith Stevens, PhD '28, on October 31, 1945, at Farmville, Virginia,after an illness of two months. Shewas a member of the faculty ofFarmville State Teachers' College.H. John Stratton, PhD '29, suddenly, at Lincoln, Mass., on August12, 1945. He was on leave fromIllinois College, Jacksonville, Illinois,serving as Regional Economist forthe New England Office of Price Administration.Mrs. Ernest Street Stevens (Dorothy Louise Moulds, '31) on December 15, 1945, in Chicago. She wasthe wife of Ernest Street Stevens, '29,and the daughter of John F. Moulds,'07, secretary emeritus of the boardof trustees of the University.Mrs. Milton B. Dobrin (MaxineSchneider, '42) on October 22, 1945,at Chicago.WILLIAMS, BARKER &SEVERN CO.AUCTIONEERSAuctioneers and AppraisersPublic auctions on owner's premises or at oursalesroomsAccept on consignment the better quality offurniture, works of art, books, rugs, bric-a-brac, etc.We sell on commission or buy outrightOur specialty liquidating estates, libraries, etc.229 S. Wabash Ave. Phone Harrison 3777CLARKE-McELROYPUBLISHING CO.6140 Cottage Grove AvenueMidway 3935"Good Printing of All Descriptions"SUPER-GOLD CORPORATIONMANUFACTURERS UF COMMERCIALREFRIGERATION2221 South Michigan AvenueCHICAGO 16, ILLINOISOPEN LETTER TO ALUMNIPerhaps you arc one of the many zvho discovered during the recent Christmas shopping that books made the finest gifts. It is so easy to fit them topersonalities and special interests — whether they are for Bill's very specialdowager aunt or for the sick child next door. Why not add one more XcwYear's resolution, and keep it. to concentrate on books for c/ifts all through1946-The University of Chicago Bookstore, your bookstore, even though vouhave left the campus, will be pleased to help you select and mail. If xou'arean alumnus you may open a charge account tiy simply placing an order withus. We feel very fortunate in having liberal quantities of children's books.current fiction, interesting biographies, beautiful art books and prints, religious books, cartoon books, authoritative non-fiction and technical books.Jt'e are still at the same old stand at j8oj Ellis Avenue. Write us. won'tyou?THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO BOOKSTORE