THE UNIVERSITYOFCHICAGO MAGAZINEA P R I 19 4 4LETT ERSTHE MOTTOI wish to join with the thousands ofalumni who will protest against thesearch for a new motto for the University. I am willing to admit that itis within the range of possibility thata better motto may be found, although it is incomprehensible to mehow a more stimulating or more characteristic keynote for the Universitycould be expressed in so few words.My protest is based on two grounds :first, that there is nothing wrong withthe present motto; and second, thatthis is something where change itself,unless made for adequate reasons, represents a definite loss.How can anyone question the significance of the "enrichment" of life,or the fact that the University contributes toward such enrichmentthrough the extension of knowledge?In content these words seem to me todeserve immortality almost as muchas: "I am come that they might havelife and that they might have it moreabundantly."A real asset of the University is itsfunction as a nucleus of attraction ofthe affectionate loyalties of thousandsof alumni. To a great extent thisfunction reflects the force of memoryand tradition. It may be necessaryfor the alumni to withstand the shockof accepting a college which goes tohigh school, a bachelor's degree giventwo years before a man graduates, aprofessor who is an instructor, a president who has no title except that of"Number One Boy," a faculty holdingfull-time government jobs, and otherinnovations, but why add to these thewholly unnecessary monkeying withour motto? Even the Alma Matermay be attacked next!Arnold R. Baar, '12, J.D. '14ChicagoJust received the March issue of theAlumni Bulletin. I appreciate having it.Two things I'd like to comment on:Putting faculty members on a full-time basis seems to be a significantstep in the right direction. BelieveHutchins' other suggestion relative toelimination of title distinctions or differences is also good. Hope thesechanges will go through, but morethan that, I hope the faculty is beginning to see the implications ofsuch moves — that they may see theirrelationship to the true democratic ideal. Secondly, if it came to a voteI'd be for Whitman's line for the new-motto. Glad it is to be in English.James J. Cassels, '39Magnolia, ArkansasI want to take this opportunity toraise my voice in vain protest againstthe changing of the motto from theold "Crescat scientia, etc." to somejazzed up stuff that will look silly ashell a few years from now. A collegemotto should be in Latin, as the useof the common European speechstresses the universality of learning,and our common heritage in culturewith other nations. An English mottois not suitable. But if you do wantan English motto, why pick "Solitary,singing in the wilderness?" The U. ofG. does not sing, is not solitary, andis not in a wilderness (unless conditions have altered considerably since1942)/* If, however, you insist on areally jazzy motto, I suggest one thatis really — and I mean really — jazzy.Also (unlike the Whitman passage)it has something to do with Chicago.It is the opening remark of StudsLonigan: "Well, I'm kissin' the olddump goodbye." That is bright, witty,cynical, applicable to the sentimentsof certain alumni — and oh, so veryAmerican.Laurence Lee Howe,A.M. '38, Ph.D. '41Louisville, Kentucky*Hutchins; quoted: "Singing, solitary inthe West." — Ed.REPATRIATEDIn the autumn of 1941, I think itwas, I received word from you ofsome kind of "citation" concerningme which was made in connectionwith the University's Fiftieth Anniversary celebration. I believe thelatest word I received was that thepostal service to Peking, China, wasso irregular that it was deemed bestnot to mail anything at that time.I returned to this country on theGripsholm and have now settleddown — having reached my retirementage — here in Claremont. If there isanything on hand ready to be postedto me I am now in a position to receive it.On my way westward from NewYork I had a stop of one day at theUniversity of Chicago, being a guestin the home of the chaplain of theUniversity, Dr. Gilkey. I did not havetime, however, to look about the University very much. It has certainlydeveloped and grown enormously(and, I should add, magnificently)since the days in the 'nineties (and1909) when I was a student there. Since my return I have been muchabsorbed in heavy correspondenceand in my researches and writing inthe field in which I have been working since 1938 — the history of the oldeducation in China, a field in which Ibegan to work on my doctorate studyat Harvard in 1927. Before leavingPeiping I had finished the first draftof the MS to the end of the MingDynasty (1644). I had to store allmy manuscripts and notes in Peiping.In internment camp I was able to dosome further research and writing —only to lose my manuscript at thehands of Japanese luggage examinersat Shanghai. I have enough Chinesesource materials here so that I can resume and continue my studies.Howard S. Gait, '96Claremont, Calif.HERBERT WILLETTLast evening here in Winter ParkHerbert L. Willett was scheduled todeliver the concluding lecture in aseries on "Great Books of the Bible."Instead his old audience, who filledthe auditorium, came together for amemorial service to him. He met hislast informal morning class on Monday, adjourned it ahead of time onaccount of a feeling of oppression, anddied early on Tuesday. He was inhis 80th year.Last night's gathering of friendswas proof of his extraordinary standing in a town which is crowded withmen of distinction. During the winter he had spoken more than thirtytimes — at the University Club, theWomans Club, the Congregationalchurch in lectures and classes, atnear-by towns, even in the lobby ofhis hotel — every time as a free willoffering and always finely.He spoke on the Bible and Biblicalhistory, and he did so as a scholarand an artist. His lectures, deliveredwithout notes, were on outlines onecould remember and were phrasedsimply and fluently, with no tricks ofspeech or ornamentation, no gesturesor vehemence, and yet at times witha high eloquence. They were sometimes lit with humor, but never contrived to raise a laugh. They wereas unaffected and as infectiously benevolent as the man himself.The memorial service was in keeping with him. The invocation wasfrom one of his books. The 100thPsalm, which the audience were tohave repeated with him before hislecture, was on serving the Lord withgladness. The benediction was the(Concluded on inside back cover)THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEPUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONCHARLTON T. BECKEditor HOWARD W. MORT and BEATRICE J. WULFAssociate Editors SYLVESTER PEJROAssistant EditorTHIS MONTHTHE COVER: Hedda Gabler willherald the beginning of Drama Weekon the campus. Bill Roberts, MaryDiamond, and John Dickerson (leftto right) portray leading roles. Maryand John are from alumni families."Behind the Scenes" is the story ofthe developments in the dramaticprogram at the University, as told byAdele Freund of the press relationsstaff.ITS ranks decimated by the demands of war, the graduatingclass at the March convocation numbered 161, 63 of whom received theirdegrees in absentia. Chester W.Wright, professor of economics, toldthe graduates in his address, "TheGrowing Responsibilities of the Citizen," that the sense of civic dutymust, in peacetime, be maintained atthe peak level it reaches during thewar and presidential election years.WE ARE sharing with you in thisissue our most recent T. V.-Mail letter from Italy.THE address of the President ofthe University at the annualTrustee-Faculty dinner is normally ofpeculiar interest to members of theUniversity family and is rarely released for outside consumption. However, at the 1944 dinner, PresidentHutchins gave such a caustic criticismof past accomplishments in educationand offered such revolutionary suggestions for future changes that theMagazine is especially pleased toprint the address for the benefit of itsalumni readers, who may find it as TABLE OF CONTENTSAPRIL, 1944PageThe Growing Responsibilities ofthe CitizenChester W. Wright 3V-Mail LetterT. V. Smith 7The Next Fifteen YearsRobert M. Hutchins. 8Preview of Reunion Week 11News of the QuadranglesChet Opal 12One Man's OpinionWilliam V. Morgenstern 15Behind the ScenesAdele Freund 16An Open Letter to PresidentHutchinsMarion Talbot 19Now in M y Time!Romeyn Berry 20News of the Glasses 22A SNOWBALL IN APRILmay be out of season but at thismoment the 1944 Alumni Giftreminds us of one as it rushes toward June 10, when the Siftpromises to be larger and morerepresentative than last year.Here are the nutshell figures:Total April 13, 1 943 $64,276Total April 13, 1944 . . $73,543To date 400 more contributionshave been madethan at this timeV^arOs^ last year.The goal is to ex-f ceed last year's! Gift of $120,000. stimulating or controversial as havethe members of the faculty.REUNION Chairman Nels Fuqua,'25, is developing unique plansfor Alumni Week. Although too earlyfor announcing the complete program, we are printing on page 11some of the highlights that appear ir1Nels' notebook at the moment.HERE is the last paragraph ofBill Morgenstern's "opinion"that got crowded off his page butwhich we thought should be preserved: "The accrediting agenciesmight refuse to recognize EmeritusUniversity and the trade associationsof educators might adopt resolutionscondemning it, but someone whothinks he would like to be a universitypresident is welcome to take the ideato one of the foundations and seewhat he can get for it."FROM Marion Talbot we receivedthe following: "I enclose a copyof an open letter I have written toPresident Hutchins. If you think itwill interest the alumni . . ." We do.ROMEYN BERRY might just aswell have written his January15 column — Now in My Time! — forany alumni magazine. A former notesand comments editor for the NewYorker, Rym Berry is now a 65 -acrefarmer 7 miles from Ithaca. For yearsand for fun he has conducted a regular column in the Cornell AlumniNews. Between chores he takes timeto write for numerous farm journalsand to broadcast "Over the FarmyardGate" before Sunday church services.Published by the Alumni Association of the University of Chicago monthly, from October to June. Office of Publication, 5733 University Avenue,Chicago. Annual subscription price $2.00. Single copies 25 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934, at the Post Office at Chicago,Illinois, under the act of March 3, 1879. The Graduate Group, Inc., 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City, is the official advertising agency of theUniversity of Chicago Magazine.April EighteenthA T THE northwest corner of Woodlawn Avenue and Fifty-ninthr\ Street on August 28, 1925, a gang of workmen started digging. Forweeks they burrowed under the surface until, eighty feet below Woodlawn Avenue, they finally struck bedrock. On this rock they constructed56 concrete piers strong enough to support 32,000 tons (235 carloads) ofIndiana limestone.On June 11, 1926, they reached the surface and paused to lay a cornerstone in a drizzly rain. It was then a matter of putting one stone uponanother, until 72,000 had carried them 207 feet above the Midway.There, on April 18, 1928, the last stone was fitted into place andChicago's two-million dollar chapel fulfilled the ivishes of its donor,John D. Rockefeller, when he announced his final personal gift of tenmillion dollars in 1910:"It is my desire that at least the sum ofone million five hundred thousands dollarsbe used for the erection and furnishing of aUniversity Chapel. As the spirit of religionshould penetrate and control the University,so that building which represents religionought to be the central and dominant featureof the University group . . . to proclaim thatthe University, in its ideal, is dominated bythe spirit of religion, all its departments areinspired by its religious feeling, and all itswork is directed to the highest end. . . ."Exactly three years and two months fromthe day ground was broken, the Chapel wasdedicated, October 28, 1928. Four years anda month later, from its massive tower, rangout the first chimes on Thanksgiving Dayfrom the 72-bell carillon. This set of bellswas given by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., as amemorial to his mother. The bellsweigh 220 tons and cost nearly a thousand dollars a ton, $200,000. Thelargest of these bells weighs 18y2 tons,a number of tons heavier than London's Big Ben. The smallest bell is aten and a half pound midget.The framework for the carillon, alone girder supporting the west wallof the tower over the east transept,and the beams supporting the copperroof make up the only structural steelin the building. As Edgar J. Good-speed, in his Guide to the Chapel,points out: "In construction, as well asdesign, it is a genuine Gothic building-Its arches really sustain the greatweight of parapet and vaulting, andits buttresses genuinely withstand theoutward thrust of these great massesof masonry."VOLUME XXXVI THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINE NUMBER 7APRIL, 1944THE GROWING RESPONSIBILITIESOF THE CITIZENSelf-satisfiedinertia issuicidalOVER one hundred and fifty years have nowpassed since our forefathers, demanding greaterliberty of self-government, started the Revolutionwhich eventuated in the founding of the first great democratic republic. This was one of the most momentouspolitical experiments of modern times for,, outside of thenew nation, few people believed that democracy couldbe made to work unless, perchance, in a very small country. Even in the new republic those in power still distrusted the masses, and half a century or more passedbefore the insistent demands for greater democracy ledto the general grant of white male suffrage. It took yetlonger first to free and then to enfranchise the Negro—the latter has not in practice been fully attained eventoday— and it was not until 1920 that the half of ourpopulation represented by the women was 'entrusted withthe ballot. Thus, the duties as well as the privileges offull citizenship were extended to the masses.During the same period this youthful nation, alreadyfar larger than most countries, pushed its boundary westward to the Pacific and more than tripled its area.Impelled by a belief in its manifest destiny, undeterredby any fear that size made a democratic type of government difficult, there was no hesitancy in adding to theproblems that size involved. Moreover, expansion didnot stop at the Pacific; the nation went on to assumestill more difficult problems through the acquisition ofdistant island possessions with alien races and institutions.Despite the early prophecies of failure and despite theadded burdens assumed, the experimental democraticrepublic of 1783 emerged in the twentieth century as thestrongest power on earth while its people enjoyed thehighest standard of living the world had ever known.Today this nation with its allies is engaged in the greatstruggle to ensure that for us and our children, to quote • By CHESTER W. WRIGHTLincoln's immortal words, "government of the people, bythe people, and for the people shall not perish from theearth."Citizen's Neglect of DutyOur faith in democracy, our belief that it is the typeof government which will best promote the ideals forwhich the nation stands, the willingness of so many tosacrifice life to perpetuate it, do not imply a convictionthat it has worked ideally or been free from seriousimperfections. Since it is a government by the people,it is subject to human frailties. Its remediable defectsrest basically upon the willingness of those upon whom ithas conferred the franchise to assume the performanceof their civic duties to the best of their ability. The citizenis always quick to demand all of his rights and privileges;he is far too prone to ignore the responsibilities whichcitizenship in a democracy imposes upon him. It issignificant that Lord Bryce, probably the ablest and mostjudicial student of modern democracy, ranked civic dutyto the community as the last in a list of the five maininterests of the average man.The evidence of the citizen's neglect of his civic dutiesin our own democracy is only too obvious. Even in timeof war when, under the stimulus of patriotic fervor, theneglect is far less, it is still too widely observable. Intime of peace the interest in civic affairs reaches its peakon the occasion of a presidential election. Yet it isestimated that at the last of these elections a quarterof those entitled to vote had not taken the trouble toregister and over a sixth of those who were registeredfailed to vote. Thus, more than one-third of those whoshould have accepted this responsibility neglected to doso. There are also the questions : first, how far those whodid vote had done their best to form an intelligent opinionon the issues involved and, second, having done so, hadsubordinated all considerations of personal and partyadvantage to those of national and social welfare indetermining how to cast their ballot. No accurate answersare possible. Yet the tremendous hold which allegianceto party exerts upon the mass of voters is only too obviousin the history of presidential elections since the Civil34 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWar. The really independent vote is insignificant, at thevery most a fifth and more likely nearer a tenth of thetotal. It is seldom that the two great parties have gainedless than 95 per cent of the total vote and the divisionof their vote between the two has always been remarkably even. Ordinarily the winning candidate has securedless than 55 per cent of the total votes; on at least sevenoccasions less than half. The citizen's inertia, the powerof his family tradition, his disinclination to think and actindependently have so strengthened the spirit of partyallegiance that changes in the party in power are usuallya product of a net shift of less than 10 per cent amongthe voters. As to the question how far the voter subordinates considerations of personal gain to those of thegeneral welfare, one only needs to refer to the remarkablyclose correlation between sectional or class interests andthe popular vote which has been such a striking feature ofour history. Admittedly, in the last analysis, the generalwelfare is only that compromise of individual interestsof both the present and the future generations which willproduce the maximum of individual gain as measuredby some vaguely conceived hierarchy of values. Obviouslyprivate gain may coincide with social gain and anythingthat promotes the general welfare inevitably will take theconcrete form of gain to some groups. Yet it is far tooeasy for the citizen to persuade himself, even if he stopsto consider the question at all, that his gain coincideswith the promotion of the general welfare.In the field of local and state goverment the neglectof civic duties is much worse. What a decline in votingoccurs in an off -presidential election year is well known.How little attention is given to the choice of the statelegislature or to the proceedings of that body we mustall realize. Though the town meeting, thanks to the smallsize of the electorate and its simple problems, is the placewhere democracy comes nearest to functioning ideally,the government of our cities provides examples of itsworst failures.The Growth of the Citizen's ProblemsAs one much of whose study has been devoted to theeconomic history of this country, I have been increasinglyimpressed by the past mistakes and failures due to thisneglect of civic responsibilities. But I have become farmore concerned by the fact that the historical evolutionof our economic and social order has been such that arapidly growing burden of responsibilities is being placedupon the citizen. In the future to a far greater degreethan in the past the well-being and progress of this democratic society will depend upon the citizen's general acceptance and efficient performance of his civic duties. Itis to the historical trend of developments responsible forthis that I particularly wish to direct your attention.At the period when our republic was founded 95 percent of the people dwelt in rural districts and earned mostof their living from farming. Moreover, American farmsthen, as ever since, were not only large but widely scattered and relatively isolated, in marked contrast to thetendency of the European peasants with their few acres to cluster together in small hamlets and villages. In thebroad belt that constituted the frontier, which lasted fora hundred years, though steadily shifted to the west, theisolation of the pioneers was even greater. The typicalfarm household of those days, outside the small groupconcentrating on some one staple, was a relatively self-sufficing economic unit. It bought little and it sold littleand what went on in the rest of the world concerned itonly a trifle more than the world was concerned by whatit did. In such an environment the need for legislationand social control was reduced to the minimum; civicduties were slight and , easy to perform. For the smallfraction of the population living in the cities of that day,where close contacts and far greater interdependencemade each individual's actions a matter of concern toothers, the necessity for measures of social control wasmuch greater; yet even there the tendency was to reducethe activities of the local government to the minimum.The dominant social philosophy of the country at. thetime was another basic factor tending to minimize thesphere and the amount of governmental activities. Anintense demand for liberty and freedom prevailed; astrong spirit of individualism. Already in colonial timesthe people had succeeded in casting aside many of theshackles upon economic, political, and social liberty whichstill weighed down the masses in Europe. On attainingindependence these people simply asked to be left free, tobe allowed to stand on their own feet and, unhamperedby social controls, to work out their own fate in this landof great opportunities. If, in the resulting individualisticstruggle for self advancement, some were trampled underfoot and the devil caught the hindmost, well, these weredoubtless the devil's due, since their failures were theproduct of their own defects and weaknesses for whichsociety was in no way responsible. The severity of thecriminal code reflected this belief. In a country with sucha social philosophy and such an economic life the problems which faced the citizen were relatively few andsimple; the burden of civic duty was light.Contrast these conditions in the early republic withthose in the nation of today. Not only has the size of thecountry been more than tripled and the electorate expanded to include the masses, as previously noted, butthe economic order has been completely revolutionizedand in consequence the conditions of living and the problems of government have also been revolutionized. Atthe same time a profound alteration in social philosophyhas taken place. The problems confronting the citizentoday constitute a burden of which the founding fathersnever dreamed.The economic revolution, which was based on theprogress of science and invention with its application toindustry and transport, transformed the nation of farmers into a nation of industrial workers and urban dwellers.Today there are many more people engaged in manufacturing than in farming; the number engaged in trade andtransport also exceeds those on the farm. Today overhalf the population dwells in urban centers, nearly a thirdTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 5in cities of 100,000 or more population. The city of Chicago alone has nearly as many inhabitants as the wholecountry possessed in 1790. The growth of vast cities withthe problems that it created has necessitated a great expansion in social control and has correspondingly increased the citizen's responsibilities.A basic feature of the economic revolution throughwhich the country passed was the tendency towardsgreater specialization in nearly every line of production.But specialization involved trade, a growing interdependence, and an infinitely more complex economic organization which, when it got out of gear, as in a business depression, brought widespread suffering and disaster. Increasingly the action of any individual or group reactedupon the welfare of others. This change also necessitatedgreater legal restrictions and regulations, with the consequent expansion of the problems of government and theburdens of citizenship.But this same economic trend toward specialization andgreater interdependence was not confined within the borders of the United States; it was world wide in scope. Thiscountry, which during the hundred years after the Warof 1812 had enjoyed an unusual degree of economic self-sufficiency and political isolation, in 1914 was suddenlybrought face to face with the fact that in the course ofthat century its economic and its political life had becomeincreasingly tied up with that of the whole world. Thusthe war became the first World War and in its aftermathcame the first world wide depression. Thus, too, theAmerican citizen was taught that if he wished to attainpeace and economic stability at home he must broaden hisknowledge so as to include an understanding of the economic, political, and social developments among the leading nations of the world. He might ignore the world, butif so, it was at his own peril, for assuredly that worldwould not ignore him. His failure to show a better graspof world problems contributed to bringing on the secondWorld War, which will leave issues still more difficult ofsolution. It is to be hoped he will contribute more towards preventing a third World War.Finally, this mounting burden of civic duties was augmented by still another trend of development — the shiftin social philosophy beginning in the last of the eighteenthcentury. The rising spirit of humanitarianism was atfirst chiefly concerned with the worst types of human oppression, such as slavery and the criminal code; but it waseven extended to include the protection of dumb animals,if not that of the inarticulate masses. In the course of thenineteenth century the application of this growing concern for one's fellow men was enormously widened. Itwas increasingly recognized that man was largely a product of his social environment and that society was basically responsible for many of his weaknesses and faults. Itwas increasingly recognized that in a democratic societyman was not only entitled to the protection of life and ofliberty but that in his pursuit of happiness he might beentitled to assistance from society. The growing acceptance of this social philosophy among the upper class was reflected by the rapidly rising number of those who gavegenerously of their wealth and of their time for philanthropic purposes. The demand of the increasingly articulate masses led to a rapid expansion in the scope andthe extent of governmental provisions for the welfare ofthe people. As an illustration: in 1790 the expendituresof New York City were less than $2.00 per capita; by1935 they were a hundred times greater. By the 1930'sgovernmental bodies were taking around a fifth of thenational income and were using much the greater portion, not for regulation and control, but for making moregenerally available to the people as a whole some of theessentials of civilized life.Increased Aids for the CitizenLest you begin to wonder how any citizen who conscientiously strove to perform this mounting burden ofcivic duties could reasonably be expected to do so, I wishto point out that, fortunately, some of the developmentsthat added to this burden also provided the citizen: first,with vastly better means and, second, with far more leisure time, for the efficient performance of his duties — always provided he chose to make use of them for thispurpose.To note but a few of the better facilities made available. There are the cheap books, magazines, and newspapers, supplemented by the generous provision of publiclibraries. The radio, that incomparable device for masseducation, if people so wish to use it, is now available toalmost all. At least mention must be accorded to thephenomenal advance in medical care and public hygiene.It has given us an electorate with a sounder mind in asounder body. Also, whereas the average child born inthe early years of the republic faced the prospect of beingin his grave before he was forty, the infant of today hasan even chance of living to be nearly sixty-five, and wehear it asserted that life just begins at forty. The result isa more mature electorate, with whatever gain in wisdommay come with advancing years. That that gain may begreater is the purpose of the extensive programs for adulteducation now provided. The citizen also had madeavailable to him to help solve his problems the results ofthe development of the various relatively youthful socialsciences.Particular attention, however, must be called to thefact that the unparalleled growth in wealth, which hasmade so much of this possible, has been accompanied byan unparalleled decrease in the amount of time whichpeople had to devote to getting a living. The citizen oftoday has far more leisure time per week, per year, andper lifetime than was available to earlier generations. In1940 the average worker outside the farms, where thedecrease was less, had between twenty and thirty morehours of free time per week than did the worker of 1860.It is true he worked under greater physical and mentalstrain and required more leisure for recuperation; also,he might have to spend more time going to and fromwork; yet the net gain was great. With more holidays andwith vacations, which were almost unknown in earlier6 . THE UNIVERSITY OFtimes, he worked fewer days per year. Finally, he notonly retired at an earlier age; he began work at a substantially later age, and this last gain was particularly important because it was fairly certain to be devoted to hiseduction. As late as 1870 a fifth of the population tenyears of age and over was illiterate; today the percentageis insignificant. It has been estimated that the averageAmerican of the year 1800 had been given about half ayear of formal schooling; today he is getting aroundtwenty times as much. Today a much larger proportionis getting a college education than secured a high schooleducation in 1870. Great as this gain is, however, itshould not blind us to the fact that it is largely a ratherrecent development and most of those who today exercisethe franchise right have not enjoyed its full benefits.In 1940, out of all the people twenty-five years of age andover, barely a half had finished an elementary school education, only one in four a high school course, and lessthan one in twenty a college course.Needed Uses of These AidsThus while the evolving economic and social order wasincreasing the burdens of citizenship it was also providingmuch better facilities and far more in the way of education and leisure time to enable the citizen to assume theefficient performance of his duties. But to what extenthas the average citizen made use of these gains for thatpurpose? Certainly it is not in proportion to the growing need I have tried to depict. It is said that the wealthof the American people has grown much more rapidlythan their knowledge concerning how to use it wisely.The same could be said of the rapid increase in their leisure time. To instruct the people how to make the wisestuse of these increased resources of wealth and leisure is ofparamount importance. In such instruction stress on thenecessity for diverting a larger proportion to securing abetter performance of civic duties should play a prominentpart. I venture to suggest some lines along which suchdiversion might well be directed.(1) The rapidity with which political and economicchanges have been taking place during the last centuryand a half is such that the social sciences have had greatdifficulty trying to keep up with the problems thus created. The country is in more need of the advancementof these branches of knowledge than ever. (2) Immediately, however, there is a greater need for spreadingamong the voters the knowledge that we already possess. The figures previously cited as to the limited amountof education which had been obtained by the adult population of 1940 indicate the great possibilities here. (3) Iwould rank as still more urgent, though far more difficult,since it involves trying to mould intractable human character, the necessity for developing in the citizen the moralwill to perform his civic duties to the best of his capacity.This involves, not only the will to comprehend to the limitof his ability the public problems which he must helpsolve, but also the moral determination to place the general welfare above all party or personal considerations in CHICAGO MAGAZINEhis action thereon. (4) There is also the more ultimateproblem of social objectives. In time of war the objectiveis clear: win the war. In time of peace in an autarchy itis settled by the autarch and his satellites. In a democracythe objectives become abstract and nebulous; lacking thatsocial guidance which promotes agreement on clearly formulated ends and the best means for attaining them, thecountry tends to drift. Yet to drift in a world infestedwith the sharks of autarchy is suicidal.Past Success Affords No Assurance for the FutureFinally, I would urge that the phenomenal successachieved by this democratic republic in its first hundredand fifty years should not deceive us into the complacentbelief that all will go equally well in the future and weneed have little fear concerning the citizen's performanceof his duties. We should clearly realize that that successwas the product of a remarkably favorable combinationof circumstances and that in the outcome any superiorwisdom of the electorate was probably a minor factor.After all there were nations under imperialistic forms ofgovernment which also showed great achievements.Basic factors in our republic's achievement were thevast and varied resources of a virgin continent; the technological advance which provided an active, intelligent,and ambitious people with means for developing those resources such as no nation had ever possessed before and,finally, a degree of geographic and political isolationwhich gave security and comparative freedom from theburden of armament and the devastation of war. Thatremarkably favorable nineteenth century combination ofconditions no longer exists. Our natural resources arestill great, but many have been seriously depleted and theopening up of other lands has deprived us of many comparative advantages we once enjoyed. Technologicaladvance continues, but it is made available to other nations far more speedily than ever before, and a newlydeveloping nation can more quickly adopt the latest improvements. The political isolation and security are goneforever. At the opening of the twentieth century theUnited States had attained the position of the richest andmost powerful nation on earth. Where will it stand at theopening of the twenty-first century? The records of history, showing an endless succession in the rise and declineof the great powers, provide a lesson which should dispelall self-satisfied inertia.For such reasons, as well as for those I have previouslynoted, the future of the Republic and the assurance ofthe maintenance of those democratic ideals for which somany are sacrificing their lives today must depend farmore than ever before upoh the willingness and the effectiveness with which the citizen performs his civicduties. Clearly such a responsibility is much greater foryou young men and women who today go forth from thisUniversity with decrees which signify that you have beenprivileged to secure a far better training for the assumption of those duties than is granted to the great mass ofyour fellow citizens.THE UNIVERSITYOF C H.I CAGO MAGAZINE 7y//// ToMr. C*rl Be ok,alu*nl Secretary,Unlvtraity of Chicago,Chicago, Illinois ¦ t.Ool. ..,...,.11.HQ A.C.C., AK> 39*j i.«4« »"? «Mnii|( Postnsster, Nee York(OMSort «a,i*»j II il urch 1944Dear Carli toomewhere in Italy,If you are running Alumniget-ture, I hazard this thought*'ton's sincerity in his pacifies. eosraetlfjIt i^B:It le, on Milton Mayer's latest* couree that I que at Ion fdil-rather, that I can deteot,even by ear, the histrionic overtones In all sincerity. And it. Iseven- acre that I nave b«*e» often saddened by the growth, especially /'in eoalnlatratlva ©irolee of the Uni versity, ©f * *ort oi' otsni science /thai ».r«§u»es upon its own con»oi#r)tiou»n«»8 to ignore if not ale-daln oonscie&tlQUM3«ts no laic sincere but only lees conceited. •i//////VLove of ileal virtue la not* s»cng *en, inaenemaeity oi' r^n^afor sen. Love^of these earns a$en as ttusanity lt \ . robnbly not In essence, as it ii certainly not in origin, independent of the parochial ,-devotion known ae patriotism. Clairvoyant of this likelihood, seneverywhere %mnA %o .regard a& conceit, Jabwaver ©oral ana sincere itmay be, the donatio a«ertion of- Individual judgment against national <rrour Judgment ae touching ultimata hopes an.. fesrs. :-;v«n fanatica•hen their eyes shift from the focal to the periphresl, *ven theycan aardly avoid Judging as tra^ico-comic the fixations of oneanother.the conic slue of such fixations, which always strike tee first,get* voice in our own University poet, sUliam Vsuprhni'oody,' In theclosing iine of Ma )gejtyy^£}e where he has the aero of cosmic concernlook at hiarelf and see but, a little man In trousers slightly Jagged^Put Use tragic side •• and this gesture of Mayer's is the reateet /tr*ge<iy of the University of Chicago since 1*11 ton's cruel ease of eon*/solenoe against the Jews in the ^turday ¦ Evyn Hyt fjot»t -- tne ->uretragic »la« of lt is best echoed i n • 1 i f 1 1 ng T * * 1 s t f u i queries.If it be proan that ali my good,Ana the greater good I will make,Mere purchased me by a multitudefho suffered for my sakefe a a » e e e a ? • e <If it be found, then the battle oleara,their death ha« sat ae free,man hew shall X live with myself through the yearsWhich they haveboiwht for metMono of thl* would I reasrk if ! did not think Mayer's gestureeyasptoaaU*. I hone the faeultv alii delay any perfeotloniette par- Lpetretioaa t*»t «yyMyjjroio^^ theUniversity until *e all get'home. J% I* PlMe^^K^SfiftS^I tb*t* •*••»* ones have great /or alxiol, ^^^^^allgia^W »tnT vyjUUSxJ^YTHE NEXT FIFTEEN YEARS• By ROBERT M. HUTCHINSGreater opportunitiesandgreater obligationsI HAVE now reached that stage of senescence atwhich every day is an anniversary of something orother; and tonight is no exception. This is the fifteenth repetition of my speech at the annual dinner ofthe Trustees to the Faculties. I seem destined, indeed,for the kind of distinction referred to in the ancient taleof the man who was told by the fortuneteller that ifhe lived long enough he would be very famous. He said,"Famous for what?" And the fortuneteller replied, "Foryour great age." The nearest analogue to a universitypresident who has served fifteen years is a championflag-pole sitter. The remarkable thing about him is notwhat he has done, but that he has done it so long. Andyou sometimes wonder why he should want to do it at all.The intellectual history of university presidents is notmuch more encouraging than that of flag-pole sitters.There was a president of Harvard, for example, whoserved twenty-five years and wrote a book entitled, "Whata University President Has Learned." Though it wasprinted in very large type on very thick paper, it was avery small book. It gave the reader the impression thatif this was what you learned by being a university president for twenty-five years, flag-pole sitting, as an educational experience, had its points. A flag-pole sitter wouldat least get a view of the surrounding country and learnsome meteorology. The fact is that as a university president proceeds up to and beyond the fifteen-year mark,his loss of knowledge, accompanied by the loss of health,hair, teeth, appetite, character, figure, and friends,becomes nothing short of sensational.Take my own case. On this occasion fifteen yearsago I must have made a great many brilliant and profound observations. I remember thinking at the time thatI was brilliant and profound. Tonight, after fifteen years,I have only one point, and a very little one, to make.This point, you will be surprised to hear, has- nothingto do with money. My disrespect for the New Dealersand their works, which is only exceeded by my disrespectfor the Republicans and theirs, leads me to think thatall the money you hear about nowadays doesn't amountto much. It is nothing but paper after all. To thosewho are interested in money I will say that the incomeand expenditures of the University of Chicago this yearwill be the largest of any university in the world. Theywill be smaller next year, and smaller the year after that.There will be readjustments at the end of our war con tracts. But how anybody who has watched this Universityweather depression and war can fear for its financialstability is beyond me. The University will survive, inpeace and war, in prosperity and depression, as long asit retains its greatest asset, its educational and scientificexcellence. Because of this asset the country will continueto support the University under any and all conceivableconditions.But now I come to my little point. It is that nothinghas been done here in the last fifteen years. That is, theUniversity is not excellent enough. I do not deny thatthere have been events on the campus. But they havebeen of a low, negative, obvious order. We have beenengaged in pushing over pushovers. And since some ofthem have been large, as well as old, their collapse hascaused a good deal of noise, which we have been inclinedto mistake for the rushing sound of progress.We abandon the most archaic and irrelevant ofacademic irrelevancies, intercollegiate football, and congratulate ourselves on having slain the giant. The giantwas dead on his feet before we pushed him over. Althoughnobody has ventured to say a good word for the credit,or adding-machine, system of education in fifty years,we like to think that we pioneered when we made certaingestures toward overthrowing it. The excesses of thedepartmental system having been unanimously condemned for a generation, we did something about themin the reorganization of 1930, with a flourish out of allproportion to what we did. Since we had contended thatacademic freedom was indispensable to the existence of auniversity, we cannot take much pride in the fact thatwe defended it when it was under attack in 1935. Sinceany sane man could see that one medical school was quiteenough for any university, we cannot exalt our ownintelligence and courage by pointing out that this university, which once had two, now has one. And sincewe and everybody else had always held that the facultywas the University, we cannot take much credit to ourselves for preserving faculty salaries in 1933 at theexpense of administrative salaries and Buildings andGrounds. And as to the last great and stirring action ofours, the award of the bachelor's degree at the end ofthe conventional sophomore year, I need only remindyou that one of our presidents least noted for his daringflights of originality advocated all this and more in hisannual report precisely thirty years ago.But, you ask, if this is so, whence comes our greatreputation for pioneering on the frontiers of educationand research? It is partly, of course, the result of ourpropaganda, to which I do not object, because its successmay compel us to live up to it. But we owe our reputa-8THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 9tion chiefly to the state of American education. The stateof American education is not bad ; it is terrible. A turtleif it is in motion at all, will seem to whiz by a stationaryobject; and if the stationary object ceases to be stationaryand starts slowly sagging downhill, the turtle will appearto be climbing at a terrific rate. I could invent the mostscandalous tales of American education without shockingyou in the least; you would not even suspect that I wasinventing them, because you all know that somethingquite as bad as I could invent is actually going on inmany educational institutions on this continent.The difference between us and the rest of American education does not lie in our intelligence, courage,and originality. It is simply a slight difference in tradition. The tradition elsewhere is to agree that somethingought to be done, but that nothing can be. The traditionhere is to agree that if the- consensus of all literate menand women through the ages is that something ought tobe done, perhaps we ought to try to do something aboutit. This is enough to place us in the relation of the turtleto the stationary object. Measured by these standards,we have done wonders. But who wants to be measuredby these standards? An institution, like a man, shouldbe measured by the degree to which it realizes its potentialities. Since this institution has, I think, greaterpotentialities than any in the world, it has the greatestobligations.An English philosopher summed up the mission ofSocrates by altering one letter in a sentence of St. Paul.He said, "Though I speak with the tongues of men andof angels, though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and have not clarity, I am nothing."Certainly a university that has not clarity is nothing.To achieve clarity it is necessary to push pushovers over.They confuse the issue, clutter up the scenery, and divertenergy and funds from the purposes of the institution.But the purpose of the institution is not to achieve clarityabout its purpose. That is simply a preliminary step tothe accomplishment of its purpose. We have not yettaken the necessary preliminary steps.We have not, for example, abolished the adding-machine system of education. We have merely announcedthat we have. In many of the divisions and schoolscredits still add up to a degree in the good old-fashionedway. The University is half a slave to the credit systemand half free from it. But if the system is bad, andnobody ever suggested it was anything else, it is bad forall our students and all our teachers, and not just forthose in the College and the Social Science Division. Thestudent should receive academic recognition on the basisof intellectual attainment. Intellectual attainment cannotbe divined from a menu card showing 27 courses, eachone quarter long, with an arithmetical average of 65. Iftime is required to work out good general examinations,we should put in the time. If our machinery for preparing and administering them is inadequate, let's get bettermachinery. But let us scuttle the remains of the creditsystem, and let us do so now before we impose it on returning veterans who, because of their variegatedexperience, will suffer more from it than the studentmartyrs of previous generations.But the credit system is only part of our problem.Our whole method of instruction demands drasticrevision. The course system is as bad as the credit system,with which it is interwoven. At the divisional level, university lectures, not courses; reading lists, a tutorial system, and general • examinations constitute the onlydefensible educational combination. One of the blessingsof the depression was the elimination of 350 courses.They were not missed ; but I am sure they are all backnow. The passion for courses, like the passion for textbooks, rests on the assumption that you cannot educatein an American educational institution, but must becontent with going through motions faintly imitative ofthe real thing. This assumption is supported by attackson the character and intelligence of the young: we aretold that they cannot learn anything outside the classroom, especially not from good books. But these attacksare slander and cannot justify sacrificing the educationof the student to the convenience or indolence of teachers,advisers, registrars, or deans. Of the pushovers that stillobstruct us, I hope that the course system, and the addingmachine system dependent on it, will be among the firstto fall.We are still entangled in the farce of academic rank.It performs no function except to guarantee a certainconstant measure of division and disappointment in thefaculty. Tenure means something. New members of thefaculty are guaranteed permanent tenure after ten yearsof service. Salary means something. Of salaries I shallspeak in a moment. Rank means nothing except trouble.We should get rid of it.As academic rank divides the academic community, sodoes our tendency to regard that professor as most successful who has the greatest number of paying interestsoutside the University. The members of the facultyshould be put on a full-time basis; they should be paiddecent salaries; and they should be free to engage inany outside activities they like. To make sure that theones they like are the ones that are good for them, theyshould be required to turn over all their outside earningsto the University.We should promote the sense of community withinthe University by reconsidering the whole salary question.The only basis of compensation in a true community isneed. The academic community should carefully selectits members. When a man has been admitted to it, heshould be paid enough to live as a professor should live.This would mean that a young man with three childrenwould have a larger living allowance than a departmental chairman with none. Under the present systemthe members of the faculty who get any money get itwhen they need it least and starve and cripple themselvesand their scholarly development because they get nothingto live on when they need it most.These things are obvious and are all on the pushover10 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MA & A- ZINElevel. So is the equally obvious fact that we are encumbered by an academic organization appropriate toAmherst in the '90's and altogether unworkable in auniversity of the size and complexity of this one. This,more than any other single thing, is responsible for thefact that the movement of the University in the lastfifteen years has been that of a well intentioned turtle.W7ho is. in a position to do anything about it? Who canbe held accountable if nothing is done? For the matterof that, who wants anything done? Any educationalchanges are likely to be viewed with suspicion by thefaculty, because such changes are by definition changesin their activities. The trustees like to feel that the University is a great place; but they cannot be expected tobe enthusiastic at the prospect of alterations that willcause controversy and may cause expense. From thealumni, whose hearts are full of nostalgia, for the goodold days, we are fortunate if we have more than reluctantacquiescence as the good old days recede. I have theimpression that the students want the University tostruggle upward toward the light; but we all know thatif we wait long enough the students will graduate. Theuntutored layman, looking at a university, would conclude that it was a gigantic conspiracy to preserve thestatus quo. Our organization is based on this conspiracy.It is one in which there can be no sins of omission.Don't tell me that the University has done great thingsunder this organization. I remind you that all Mr.Harper's celebrated innovations were introduced beforethe University opened. Since that time we have beenpushing over pushovers.The problem of organization is a pushover, too, andit is time we did something about it. The remedy is asobvious as the disease. All we have to do is to elect thePresident for a very short term, require him to ask thefaculty's advice at every stage, and compel him to decide,and take the consequences. If it is felt that giving himauthority to decide during even a very short term willendanger the University, there are plenty of ways ofprotecting the institution, such as an annual review ofthe administration by a joint trustee-faculty committee orvotes of no-confidence which must produce the President's resignation.All theories of organization based on a separation ofpowers have broken down. They have paralyzed theexecutive without protecting his constituents, or theyhave led to the development of. extra-constitutional meansof getting things done, such as the party and the patronage of the President of the United States. A universitypresident is a political leader without patronage andwithout a party. He should have neither. He should bethe responsible officer of a high-tension democracy. TheUniversity can make some contribution to the theory andpractice of educational organization, even, perhaps, tothe theory and practice of democratic government, if itwill push over the anomalous structure which now retardsits progress. In the process we should take the opportunity to make the University Senate efficient and demo cratic by reducing its size and having it elected by andfrom all the members of the faculty.General Grant once said that Venice would be a nicetown if it was drained. You may feel that I am proposingto drain academic life of its essential beauty by deprivingthe professor of his rank and his freedom to make moneyand by altering the basis of his instruction, examinations,compensation, and participation in the management ofthe University. On the contrary, I am proposing that wetake these necessary preliminary steps toward the realization of the essential beauty of academic life, which ismembership in a democratic and effective academiccommunity.But an academic community is not an end in itself.Neither is academic democracy. They are both in theirturn preliminary steps ; they are means to the accomplishment of the purpose of the University. And the purposeof the University is nothing less than to procure a moral,intellectual, and spiritual revolution throughout theworld. The whole scale of values by which our societylives must be reversed if any society is to endure. Wewant a democratic academic community because weknow that if we have one we can multiply the powerwhich the University can bring to bear upon the character, the mind, and the spirit of men.Among the kinds of institution called to this crusadethe specific task of the university is the development,release and direction of intellectual power. A universityis a place where people think. It is an intellectual community. The intellectual content of its work and theintellectual effort it puts forth are the measure of auniversity's achievement. It follows that work which haslittle or no intellectual content or which requires littleor no intellectual effort has little or no place in the University. It follows, too, that the total resources of theUniversity must be focused on the problem of raisingthe intellectual level of the society which it serves.Think what our resources are and what it would meanto recognize that our potentialities are the measure ofour obligations. We have the only rationally organizedcollege in the United States. Since it is the only onewhich can do it, it is under a duty to reform, or rather tointroduce, liberal education in this country. This requiresthe members of its faculty to figure out what a liberaleducation is, to get one themselves, and then reveal itto the world. The College has the even more difficulttask of discovering how to give a liberal education toevery young person. This task cannot be evaded; for ifevery American is to be free, every American must beeducated for freedom.In law, business, medicine, and theology, the University has schools established on a unique foundation andstanding in a unique relationship to the University. Insocial service and librarianship the supremacy of itsschools is everywhere acknowledged. But what are thesesix schools for? They are not to turn out professionalmen and women a little more competent and a little moreprosperous than those who have been trained elsewhere.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 11They are to set the ideals and goals of the professionsin the good society toward which we are striving. Tomake the learned professions true professions and truly •learned— these are the only possible purposes of the University of Chicago in professional education. There areplenty of other places which can turn out qualified technicians. We have in the Divisions the only intelligibleorganization for the prosecution of education andresearch in the arts and sciences, because, when supplemented by the various University committees, it is theonly one which encourages, or even permits, the studentand the professor to think in terms wider than a departmental discipline and to gain support from those whoare working in other departments on other aspects oftheir own problems. Our educational object at thedivisional level is not to turn out a lot of Masters of Artswho can get jobs teaching in high schools or a lot ofMasters of Science who can go to work washing testtubes for DuPont. Nor is it to produce a lot of Ph.D. 's tostaff the unreconstructed and hence doomed colleges ofthe United States. Now that we have put the bachelor'sdegree in its place, we have the first chance anybody hasever had to work out and communicate a coherent education beyond the sophomore year, an education which iscrucial to the leadership of our people and which is anabsolutely undiscovered country today.If we are to show the way to liberal education for all,we shall have to get re^ady to educate the teachers whoare to undertake this task. We may have to found a neworganization for this purpose. At that time we shall haveto reconsider our advanced degrees and think once morewhether we ought not to award the Ph.D. to those whohave prepared themselves to teach through a new Institute of Liberal Studies. If we did so, we should haveto confer new degrees, say the Doctor of Science and theDoctor of Letters, upon those who had qualified themselves primarily for research.We do not realize what an instrument for the elevationof our society we now possess in the combined extraterritorial activities we control. No institution has everhad such resources in its hands. We have the UniversityPress, University College, Home Study, the Encyclopaedia Britannica and its numerous publications, and theclassroom films which it has just acquired from the.Western Electric Company. These possessions place usin the pre-eminent position in the education of adults,and they are not without their implications for the education of lower age groups. I do not need to tell you howmuch needs to be done to make sure that these activitiesbecome educational in the true sense of the word. Wehave a kind of notion that so long as these things paytheir way we don't need to bother about them. On thecontrary, they constitute one of the great roads downwhich we can march to the crusade to which we arecalled.It all comes to this: The University of Chicago hasgreater opportunities and greater obligations than anyuniversity in history, even greater than those which fell to the lot of the University of Paris seven hundred yearsago. It is perhaps too much to hope that as the University of Paris moulded the civilization of the MiddleAges, the University of Chicago can make a civilizationin the Twentieth* Century. But it can try, and by themeasure of its effort it can and will be judged.I must confess that' I have never liked the mottoof the University — Crescat Scientia Vita Excolatur. LetKnowledge Grow That Life May Be Enriched. In thefirst place, it seems incongruous and affected for thoserugged and unsophisticated pioneers of the Nineties tothink up a Latin slogan for their raw, new university.In the second place, "enriched" is ambiguous. I do notlike the materialistic interpretation to which it is open.Therefore I suggest a new motto for the University, onewhich will express its spirit and its purpose as it salliesforth to battle in the revolution that must come if menare to live together in peace. The new motto I suggestfor the University is a line from Walt Whitman. It isthis: "Solitary, singing in the West, I strike up for anew world."PREVIEW OF REUNION WEEKNelson Fuqua, '25, Reunion ChairmanWednesday, June 7, 8:30 P. M. — A comedy, presentedby the student drama group, Mandel Hall.Thursday, June 8, 7:30 P. M. — The nation-wide broadcast of the Human Adventure (over Mutual), withChicago alumni as studio guests.Friday, June 9, 8:00 P. M. — (I) Typical features of thenew College life, introduced by students. (2) Around table discussion on "The Time for Peace,"Mandel Hall. Participants will probably includeMortimer J. Adler, professor of the philosophy oflaw; Francis E. McMahon, associate professor ofphilosophy in the College; and John T. McNeill,professor of history of European Christianity.Saturday, June 10, 12:00 P. M. — Annual AlumnaeReunion, with light refreshments, Ida Noyes.3:30 P. M. — Annual Alumni Assembly, Mandel Hall:Award of Alumni Citations, Presentation of AlumniGift, Report on the University by President Hutchins. 6:00 P. M. — Fiftieth Reunion Dinner of theClass of 1894. 8:30 P. M.— Thirty-fourth AnnualSing, Hutchinson Court.Tuesday, June 13 — Tenth Anniversary Celebration ofthe Nursing Education Alumnae Association, including morning conferences, the annual meeting,and evening dinner.Complete plans will be announced in the May issue ofthe MagazineNEWS OF THE QUADRANGLESTHE baseball season has rolled around again, andthe University boys are rubbing the rust off oldspike shoes, preparatory to another sally intobrawny Conference play. The team this year is giftedmore with gusto than with good old dipsy-do, and theprophets sit in the shade of past defeats contemplatinggloom.But there was a time. . . .Slightly more than thirty-three years ago the University of Chicago invaded Japan. Reviewing this international incident is — to quote Mark Twain's remark onpompano— as delicious as the less criminal forms of sin.The Maroons vanquished their foe.On that occasion, the Japanese also sent out the invitation, RSVP, but without the tragic melodrama ofbombs or the incense of treachery. The invitation cameto the University of Chicago baseball team from WasedaUniversity of Tokyo.On September 2, 1910, the Maroon team abandonedlocal pasturage for the trip west. There followed a strenuous week of barnstorming, during which the Chicagonine won a majority of their games. When the crewarrived in Seattle on Thursday, September 8, it wasgreeted by a cheering crowd of Japanese out to root forthe Mikado team, champions of the Pacific Coast Japanese League. The team of the Mikado, being good hosts,took a summary trouncing, 15 to 1, the following day.Saturday morning, September 10, found the wind scuffing up the water around the dark form of the KamakuraMaru and the Maroon contingent waving farewell to theUnited States from the ship's deck. The vast floatinghulk turned slowly and headed down Puget Sound, boundfor Yokohama, 4300 miles away. The task force was off.Who made up this gallant crew? They were H. Orville(Pat) Page, financial manager, J. J. Pegues, captain, Paul,Steinbrecher, G. Roberts, O. Roberts, Sunderland, Cleary,Ehrhorn, Collings, Boyle, and Baird. Gilbert A. Bliss accompanied the team as faculty representative, and Franklin Page, "Pat's" nephew, went along as mascot. (Steinbrecher died seven years ago, Page was, at last report, aphysical instructor, and almost all the others are businessmen.)The retreating land's end hardly had dropped belowthe horizon line before the team brought out the artilleryand went into unique practice session. The spheroids wereflying all over the deck now, with players madcappingafter them to keep in trim. A member of the team wholater reported the trip for Cap and Gown remarks ratherglumly that the manager's stock of baseballs was rapidlydepleted. The trouble was, some of the boys started playing ball with the attendant sharks, and some others simplylost their grip, literally and so to speak, and flung the ballsinto the Pacific. • By CHET OPALPractice was dutifully regular during the entire crossing. Land — a northern island of Japan — hove in sighton September 25, and next morning the vessel steamedup Tokyo Bay to Yokohama. There is a touch of goldennostalgia, an evocation of things distant and lost, aboutthis recollection: the vessel, unconvoyed, steaming upTokyo Bay to Yokohama, just like that, with no gunssounding, no torn flag of surrender rising to signalize thecalm finale of a drama of blood and blunder.Alfred "Stuffy" Place, a former Maroon athlete, stoodon the wharf, leading a battalion of welcomers. Thegangplank dropped, the giddy Maroons skipped down toshore, and the invasion was on.Yet the martial spirit was absent from that openingscene. The player-reporter notes:"As we went from the wharf to the railroad station onour way to Tokyo, we experienced our first ride in 'Homo-mobiles' ('rickishaws) . Carriages were waiting for us atthe Shimbashi station in Tokyo, and we were shortly established in the Imperial Hotel."The voice talks on out of that other age:"Despite the fact that it rained seventeen out of thetwenty-eight days we spent in Tokyo, we managed toplay seven games, winning all of them. We beat ourhosts, Waseda University, by scores of 9 to 2, 5 to 0, and15 to 4, but were forced to do our best before we registered three victories over Keio University by scores of3 to 1, 2 to 1 (10 innings), and 5 to 2 (10 innings). Thesecond game was won from the Waseda alumni team bythe score of 11 to 2."Some hint of the virtues and vices of the Japaneseplayers' descendants is given in the following descriptionof that long ago team of the Emperor :"We were surprised to see the high-class game theyplayed. They are excellent fielders, daring and swiftrunners, and accurate throwers, playing a cheady', fighting game until the last man is out in the last inning."He adds, significantly:"Their weakest spot is batting."Baron Mishima acted as umpire for the contests, andcrowds of between 6,000' and 13,000 attended the diamond affrays. The Japanese, it is noted, stood in theirseats, singing inspiring songs and waving their flags "inthe face of defeat.""After we had passed a most enjoyable month inTokyo," the player continues, "we left for a tour of western Japan as guests of the Osaka Mainichi Shimbun, thelargest newspaper of Osaka. We played three games forthem in Osaka against Waseda University, winning allthree by big margins. These games were well attended,as ours was the first foreign team to play in that city.In the week we saw the cities of Naru and Kyoto withtheir wonderful temples, and on October 31 sailed from12THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 13Kobe through the beautiful Inland Sea and across toShanghai, China. We spent two days. in this c Gay Cityof the East' and then sailed south to Hong Kong. It wasat this point that we boarded the good ship Kaifong, 987tons, and started across the rough China sea for Manila.The captain said we had a good voyage."The Maroons then did battle with the U. S. Marines,champions of Manila, and that day of rain and mudbrought them their first defeat in the Orient. TheMaroons retaliated by winning a doubleheader a fewdays later. Thus ended the baseball schedule. The reporter resumes:"It was with lagging steps that we left the Americanswho had entertained us so royally and got into the launch.which was to take us to our ship. In fact, Ehrhorn, Boyleand Steinbrecher yielded to the situation and remainedin Manila for a few months in order to see more of theislands. Professor Bliss, Captain Pegues, and Ralph Clearyleft us on the return trip at Hong Kong to go westwardaround the world, while we came eastward."The trip across was uneventful and the tour eastwardover the Continent brought gradual dismemberment ofthe aggregation, with players leaving the troupe to spendthe Christmas holidays with relatives in the West. Onlyseven of the original party were together when severalhundred students greeted the victory train at the UnionStation, December 26, 1910.On January 5 the team was welcomed formally at ajubilant mass meeting in Mandel Hall. Mr. Yamasaki,Japanese consul in Chicago, and Amos Alonzo Stagg wereon hand for the meeting. An. ironic note for our timewas sounded by the man who reported this gathering forthe University of Chicago Magazine:"Mr. Yamasaki and Coach Stagg said that if Japanand America ever were to have a war, it would be in theform of a baseball contest."That is known as wistful thinking.The Struve Custom"It's an old Struve family custom," began a newswriter, as he announced that Otto Struve, director ofthe Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago andof the McDonald Observatory of the University of Texas,had won the highest award in the world of astronomy —the gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society ofLondon.In winning the award for his work on the spectra ofstars and nebulae, Mr. Struve became the fourth Struvein as many generations to win the coveted medal. Thefirst recipient of it in the family was his great-grandfather, Wilhelm, who was honored in 1826.Star-gazer nonpareil, Struve dreamed of such honorsas far back as his warrior days, when he served as anartillery officer in the Russian Imperial Army and laterwith the White Russians fighting the Bolshevists. He had,even during those days, turned his binoculars to betteruse, rigging up equipment sufficient to convert a front line observation post into an observatory. He was oneof the first to sight the great Nova Cygni in 1920.Mr. Struve came to the University as a graduate assistant under the late Edwin B. Frost, who directed Yerkeson the Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, shore even during theyears his sight was gone.Bertrand Russell's AnecdotageThe British House of Lords visited the Quadrangles inthe person of Bertrand Russell, philosopher-mathematician, during IVtarch. Lord Russell delivered three lectures on nondemonstrative inference, choosing such forbidding titles as "The Nature of Probable Inference,""Physics and Knowledge," and "The Limits of Empiricism."His first lecture was scheduled for Room 122 in theSocial Science Research Building. The crowd spilledover into the halls and everybody moved down the streetto Mandel Hall. The following day the attempt wasmade again. This time the gathering was forced to moveto Breasted Hall in the Oriental Institute for adequateaccommodations. On the third day, Social Science 122burst at the seams again, but a burly guard planted himself astride the threshold and debarred anyone from entering after the last seat was filled.Philosopher Russell took the shunting process very welland delivered a masterly series of lectures. The audienceknew what it was in for after that first lecture, but nevertheless came back for more. Lord Russell told them noone knows much about anything. Everybody appearedto like that.In a press conference which prologued the launchingof the lecture series, Lord Russell said he expectedanother war in twenty years, more fierce than the presentone, and added that he "presumed" it would last twentyyears and end indecisively. The participants simplywould get tired of fighting and lay down their arms.Being a legend, the philosopher was forced by thepress representatives to tell the gossipal truth about himself. Others tried to ply him on the subject of sex, buthe parried these thrusts neatly. He did say, however,that as long as a man had to pay for the rearing ofhis children and society would not assume this responsibility for him, it was necessary to adhere to the socialcustom of marriage. "After all," said Russell, "a manhas a right to a reasonable assumption that the childrenhe is supporting are his."Russell's visit occasioned the revival of many storiesabout him. One newspaperman recalled that once whenRussell was lecturing a group of students, the hour bellsounded and the audience rose in a body and began toleave the room. "Just a moment," said Russell. "Ihave a few more pearls to cast."But the story your reporter likes best is the one Russell related during his last visit to Chicago three yearsago. Russell said that many years ago, when he waslecturing in China, he fell ill and the Chinese feared hemight die. Should he pass away, the natives decided,Lord Russell would be buried near the West Lake, where14 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEChinese sages are interred. All these sages eventuallywere deified and lodged in the Chinese pantheon. SaidRussell:"Rather chic, don't you think, — for an atheist to become a god. ..."Puerto Rican RumbleMany an academic gun, sounded at the Universityof Chicago, has been heard round the educational world.A distant echo of such reached the campus one day lastmonth. From San Juan, Puerto Rico, came news thatChancellor Jaime Benitez, who installed the Universityof Chicago basic courses at the University of Puerto Ricothis year, received a two-to-one vote of confidence by theisland faculty at an all-day session. The faculty itselfrejected a resolution giving the faculty final voice in allpolicy decisions, curtailing the chancellor's power to initiate policy and make any fundamental change.This news may give thought to many who hold impossible of operation a similar method suggested by President Hutchins for all college presidents, a plan enablingthem to make policy commensurate with their positionand subjecting them to recall and eventual ouster if aconfidence vote goes against them.Hie, Hike, HoaxThe University of Chicago Press, its monumental Dictionary of American English a matter of record, announced that editorial work has started on a comprehensive Dictionary of Americanisms. The Press promises thenew dictionary will not be a scissors-and-paste job basedon the D.A.E. It will include, it is hoped, every wordthat originated in this country, said Editor Mitford M.Mathews. Specially prepared copies of the fourth andlast volume of the Dictionary of American English havebeen completed for sending to King George of Englandand President Roosevelt.Dr. Frederic SchlutzDr. Frederic William Schlutz, 63, professor and chairman of the pediatric department of the University, succumbed to a heart ailment in Billings Hospital March 8.Death came just two days before he was scheduled toleave the city for an eighteen weeks' good will missionin Latin America for the State Department.Stops on an itinerary which would have carried himthrough most of Latin America included Mexico City,where on March 26 he was to have participated in theinauguration of a new children's hospital, and Asuncion,Paraguay, where he was to have given a nine weeks'course in pediatrics.Dr. Schlutz was a native of Greene, Iowa, and a graduate of the University of Maryland Medical School. Hetook graduate work at Berlin, Strassburg, Kiel, London,Paris, and Harvard. Some of these studies were undertaken after he joined the University of Minnesota teaching staff in 1910. During the World War he served asassistant medical chief of the Camp Devens Army BaseHospital. 'Dr. Schlutz came to the University of Chicago as pro fessor and department chairman in 1930. He distinguished himself as United States delegate in several Pan-American Child Hygiene Congresses between 1929 and1942, and took part in the White House Conference onChild Health in 1929. Honors came to him from medical societies throughout the Western hemisphere.Dr. ' Schlutz is survived by his wife, Emma, and adaughter, Mrs. Harry A. Tinker, of Minneapolis.Herbert L WillettHerbert L. Willett, 79, one of the most colorful religiousleaders in the nation and former professor of Orientallanguages and literature at the University, died in hissleep March 28 at Winter Park, Florida.Professor Willett's association with the University began in 1894, when he was summoned by President Harperto teach in the newly installed department of Orientallanguages. Later he organized the Hyde Park ChristianChurch, later known as the University Church of theDisciples, and its adjoining institution on the campus, theDisciples' Divinity House.He is listed among the founders of the Chicago ChurchFederation, which he headed from 1916 to 1921, and waspresident of the International Congress of the Disciplesof Christ in 1923, when he also served as secretary of thewestern division of the Federal Council of Churches ofChrist in America.Founder and early co-editor of the Christian Century,Mr. Willett saw the weekly journal take the leadershipin Protestant journalism. He was given emeritus statusat the University in 1929 and became minister of theKenilworth Union Church.In the precincts of this church a few days after hisdeath, Professor Willett's ashes were interred. In keeping with his belief that funerals and burials are "paganrites," no funeral was held and his body was cremated.Mr. Willett is survived by his widow, the former GussiePrice of Kenton, Ohio, and by three sons, Herbert L., Jr.,Robert L., and Paul.Kurt LavesMemorial services for Kurt Laves, 78, associate professor emeritus of astronomy at the University and astronomy's first "starred man of science," were held in Thorndike Hilton chapel March 28, three days after his death.He was known for his work on the satellites.Coming to the University in 1893, Professor Lavespioneered in the field of astronomy on the campus fortwenty-nine years until his retirement in 1932. He wasborn in Germany and received his master and doctordegrees from the University of Berlin in 1891.Dr. Laves' ashes have been buried at his country homenear Coopersville, Michigan. He is survived by his wife,Luise, of Chicago, and three sons, Walter H. C, associate professor of political science at the University onleave for government work in the executive office of thePresident, Bureau of the Budget; U. R. Laves, consulting geologist, of Dallas, Texas ; and Gerhardt Laves, ofChicago.ONE MAWS OPINION• By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN, '20, J.D. '22THERE are those who think that too many institutions of higher learning are scattered aroundthe country now, but a good case can be madefor just one more. It would offset some of the wastageof human resources which now goes on. If necessary,it could be justified in the post-war period on patrioticgrounds, because then there will be an inundation ofstudents returning from the wars and the airplane factories, with too few respectable places in which to teachthem. If this institution managed to survive for a decade,it could go thereafter to the government with a pleafor support as a vested educational interest, the argument so many colleges and universities are using at themoment.The name of this new institution would be EmeritusUniversity. It would be staffed entirely by scholars whohad reached the retiring age in their own institutionsand were drawing their annuity checks. At the moment,some of these retired faculty members are being retainedin their own universities because of the growing shortage of younger men, but they will not be wanted whenthe peace releases their juniors. Not all the emeritusprofessors of the country would be eligible for this newinstitution; there is the matter of blood pressure as wellas reputation to be considered in making the selection.Obviously, a scholar whose mind has been closed sincehe reached the age of forty is not the right material forgood old Emeritus U. But there are enough who stayyoung and open-minded andx excited about scholarshipto staff a fair sized institution.In view of the average age of its faculty, EmeritusUniversity should be located in some salubrious climatein the Southwest. A new plant would be required, butit could be simple; if the design were original enough,it might even have a salutory effect on the present stylesof educational architecture. Emeritus would be largelya paper and pencil center of learning; it would dispensewith such expensive items as medical schools, costly laboratory equipment, and other paraphernalia. Emerituswould be concerned largely with theory and the formulation of ideas and principles ; it might even find a place forthe great books. It would have graduate students only,and it wouldn't take any graduate student who came.along, either, but would operate on a highly selectivebasis. After a while, Emeritus would ~boast a prettyfair library, for its faculty would bring along the booksthey had accumulated during a lifetime.The plant would be relatively cheap, and so wouldthe cost of operation, for salaries would be at a lowcost to the institution because they would be supplementsto the annuity payments. The real advantage of sucha university, however, would not be in the fact that itwould, operate on a small budget, pleasant as that state of affairs would be. Emeritus could probably take itspick of the best of the university presidents, for it couldoffer lots of inducements administratively. There would,for example, be no problem of rank. A faculty composed largely of retired holders of distinguished professorship chairs would all start even. There would be noproblem of tenure; appointments would be for a shortterm of years, and renewable if the institution and theprofessor wanted to continue. There would not be timefor vested interests to develop. Emeritus might becreaky at the individual joints, but it would have a lotof institutional flexibility. A faculty that was able, andinterested in teaching after all members had passed theage of sixty-five, probably would be so concerned withits work that it would not worry much about extraneousaffairs. There would be urgency about getting the important things done while time still remained.The promotional possibilities of such an institutionare very alluring. It would not have to worry about awinning football team to attract public attention, andits students would have no desire to play on one if it did.In a way this is regrettable, for it means that there wouldbe no place for the greatest emeritus of them all, AmosAlonzo Stagg. Nor would Emeritus have to concoct allkinds of formulas to make itself attractive. It wouldn'thave to teach its students how to live, or how to preparefor marriage, or even how to run a lathe. It could tradeon names for its promotion, and awe the public witha roster of Nobel prize winners, great teachers, famouswriters, and authorities of every kind — all with a tag anda fame long established. There might occasionally bethe temptation at Emeritus to hire a professor simplybecause he had a big reputation, even though he nolonger merited it. The temptation to do so should beslight enough that any president could resist it; therealready would be plenty of noted names to list. Withan all-star faculty, Emeritus would become well knownvery shortly, and so could afford to pick and choose itsstudents to make its selective policy effective. It couldbe firm about its purpose and rigorous about its standards; it might come to be an example of what a university could achieve if it tended strictly to its business.Emeritus would have no need of many of the adjunctsof the usual university. It probably could do quite wellwithout a dean of students, for its student body wouldbe mature and intelligent, presumably capable of gettingalong without supervision. It would not need other personnel and ancillary offices of administration. Becauseit would have no football or other intercollegiate teams,it wouldn't require any yells, cheers, or songs. It might,however, have a motto for its coat of arms, and that onecould well be: "The Man of Wisdom Is the Man of.Years."ISBEHINDBy asADDED color will be brought to the campus of theUniversity of Chicago April 28 through May 6by what would seem to an outsider to be an invasion from the western plains combined with a fashionparade of 1860. This atmosphere will be created bymembers of the casts from the plays which will open andclose Drama Week at the University of Chicago.Drama Week, sponsored by the Office of DramaticProductions, will be a period devoted to the furtheranceof speech, poetry, and drama with emphasis on theirplace in liberal education. Student, faculty, alumni, andcommunity participation should make this celebration ahighlight in the history of the Office of Dramatic Production.Davis Edwards, director, Frank Grover, assistant director, and-Jere C. Mickel, assistant in the Office ofDramatic Productions, are in charge of the arrangements 'for presentation of two plays, a poetry reading contest,a tea for visiting celebrities in Loop productions, a playreading by Mr. Edwards, and a round table discussionon "Education and Drama."Students from the first year of the College through thedivisions will participate in the activities which markthe first observance of this kind in the history of theOffice of Dramatic Productions. The wide range (fifteento thirty years) is accounted for by the device known asan interest card. Entering students in all parts of theUniversity designate on this card what activities are ofinterest to them. Through these cards numerous enthusiastic and capable workers have been recruited for participation in the dramatic productions.The College of the University has provided the answerto the manpower problem which departments of dramatics in most colleges and universities have faced sincethe beginning of the war. The youngsters who enter theCollege at the age of fourteen or fifteen are generallyinexperienced in dramatic work or in public speaking,but at the same time they are adaptable, enthusiastic,cooperative, and have proven themselves able to handleroles as capably as some of their older brothers and sisters.The College makes it possible for students to be activein dramatic work for the entire four years of their stay,thus gaining valuable experience and training which under ordinary circumstances would be either restricted toolder students or available for only a limited period.Cast members in the two plays which open and closeDrama Week range in age from fifteen to twenty-six. In"Green Grow the Lilacs" is filled with fast action andpretty girls, combined with the songs of the West andcostumes of the period. Costumes for this play were allmade by the students as was the scenery for both of theplays. Top to bottom: Cynthia Sibley (Laurey); MaynardWishner (Curley); Al Edyvean (Jeeter) struggles with Curley.16SCENESUNDthe first play, Ibsen's Hedda Gabler, Hedda is played bynineteen year old Mary Diamond of Chicago. It is rarethat such a part should be played by a teen-age girl, andyet, with makeup, direction, costuming, and rehearsal,Mary will appear from the stage to be much older thanher nineteen years. Hedda Gabler will be presented April28 and 29 at 8:30 P. M. in Mandel Hall.Division students in the plays are Maynard Wishner,who will play Curley, and Bouric Davis, as Aunt Eller.Two students in the graduate division are Al Edyvean,who plays Jeeter Fry, and Dayton Hulbert, as Old ManPeck. Each part of the University contributes to theproduction of the plays. Without the cooperation of allunits the Office of Dramatic Productions would be in thesame position as so many dramatic schools are right now.A fifteen year old boy, Thomas Leo Day, will takethe part of the peddler in Green Grow the Lilacs, byLynn Riggs, and Cynthia Sibley, in the fourth year ofthe College, plays Laurey. This is the second play ofthe week and will be given on May 5 and 6 in MandelHall. Here the old Western songs of the plains willbe sung by the exuberant youngsters cast to portray theroles of Laurey, Curley, Aunt Eller, and Ado Annie.The present condition of the Office of Dramatic Productions is one of expansion. The war robbed it of theperfect setting and atmosphere of the Reynolds ClubTheater and of the ample space of the Tower Room inMitchell Tower. Here the crews used to make sceneryand properties, and change costumes to fit the personportraying the role; but now the facilities of both placesbelong to the Army. Relegated to the basement belowMandel Hall, and faced with a small staff due to wartime pressures, the Office of Dramatic Productions wasin a sad plight in 1942 when it was first formed. Menwere leaving the campus, the curriculum was overloadedand accelerated, and the only available working spacewas in Swift 400. With the advent of the College students in increased numbers, many successful performancesto its credit, the cooperation of the faculty, and a brighteroutlook in view, the Office of Dramatic Productions isexpanding its activities. Emphasis has been placed onexcellence in dramatic art rather than expensive display.Intimate Theater productions, introduced by FrankGrover in the fall of 1941, provide a form of art whichneeds only an empty room for its expression. The implication of the word "intimate" is descriptive of the typeof approach used in this method. The audience sits onfour sides of the players and on the same level with them.Top to bottom: Karen O'Brien (Mrs. Elvested in "HeddaGabler); Barbara Vandeventer (Ado Annie) and CharlesMcKenna (Cord Elam) in "Green Grow the Lilacs"; MaryDiamond (Hedda) with Bill Roberts (Eilert Lovborg). Hairstyles and makeup are under the supervision of FrancesMcCune, who is the director of the Ruth Tiffany Schools.18 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThis eliminates the effect of gazing into a picture frameand brings the audience into closer relationship with theactors. The effect is the same as if the action were taking place in the observer's own living room. Good Morning and The Young Idea were successfully done in thismanner.Beginners in the field of dramatics have an opportunityto develop their skill through the medium of IntimateTheater in a manner less trying than the major productions which are still given in Mandel Hall. The IntimateTheater has made possible the addition of new playsto the list of those given in the traditional manner.Chicago premiere performances presented under thedirection of the staff were: The Beautiful People, TheMoon Is Down, and Guest in the House. During thecelebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary Our Town waspresented with Mr. Edwards acting the part of stagemanager. Among the other plays produced since 1941were Pygmalion, The Male Animal, Night Must Fall,Dear Brutus, and Claudia. The last play may be givenagain during Alumni Week between June 6 and 10.Gradual building of a library of plays, texts, anthologies, and bibliographies through the cooperation of thestudent, faculty, and alumni has brought the total toover 700 volumes. This provides excellent reference, research, and background material for the work in variousenterprises. In turn, each production brings the needfor more information and more books.Throughout the period of growth which the Office ofDramatic Productions has experienced there has been aplan of development which ruled the path its directorsfollowed. That plan holds more for the future, andhopeful sponsors are optimistic that sooner or later theirplans may be put into action.The College of the University has the opportunity forfull cooperation in University productions. Jere C.Mickel, who was in charge of dramatics in the College,is now an assistant in the Office of Dramatic Productions.Classes now are held in voice and phonetics, oral interpretation of literature and drama, radio speech, radiodramatics, radio production, and for a number of yearsFrank H. Grover,assistant director ofthe Office of Dramatic Productions, is agraduate student inthe Divinity School.He has been instrumental in introducingnew methods of production and is directing both plays duringDrama Week, beginning Friday, April 28. Davis Edwards, director of the Officeof Dramatic Productions and associateprofessor of speechin the FederatedTheological Faculty.Mr. Edwards becamedirector in July,1942. He is noted asa lecturer and forhis play readings.students have been able to take a master's degree inspeech.The increasing interest in dramatics, radio, and speechin the University in general and particularly in theCollege, where these elements are a normal part of general education, should lead to many added classes, suchas theory and technique of acting, increased dramaticproductions, and an expanded staff which would permitgreater opportunity for practical experience in dramaticproduction.A correlation committee which would relate the dramatic work with the academic program might be an outgrowth of this expansion in the future. The dramaticprogram could be of even greater value to the studentsif properly correlated with the other subjects and studentactivities which are a part of their University life. Someof the courses which could well be integrated under sucha committee would be courses in drama now being offeredin the Department of English. Among the importantactivities are those already being conducted in music andthe dance.It is the opinion of Professor Davis Edwards that training in speech and experience with drama, poetry, andradio is an essential part of a well rounded general education which the University of Chicago attempts to provide. The students should find for themselves and theiraudience the intellectual and moral values in dramaswhich are artistic and entertaining. They should findthis experience in both classic and contemporary plays.Their effort to illuminate the meaning of good plays willincrease the range of their own experience as well astheir knowledge of the art of drama."At the present moment," Mr. Edwards has said, "during the crisis of war, students should be free to presentthree kinds of plays: plays which permit us for a moment to forget and then to return to the actualities oflife with greater effectiveness and strength; plays whichlook directly at the realities about us and portray suchtruth as may be found; plays through which we canremember the unchanging values of wise and good living — the permanent values which we must establishstronger than before when peace comes again."OPEN LETTER TO PRESIDENT R. M. HUTCHINSDEAR MR. PRESIDENT:You can easily understand that as I have devoted the working years of my life to serving theUniversity of Chicago, its welfare is very precious to meand I am naturally disturbed by the dissension whichnow exists in its ranks. This feeling impels me to makea few comments on the present situation and to urge youto believe that the earlier loyalty and courage can berestored. Your leadership is thought to be an exerciseof power contravening the old democratic spirit whichpervaded the University and in great measure createdit and is worth cherishing. You are so truly likeablewhen you act your real self that it is distressing to notethe increasing feeling of distrust and dislike which is growing up in this community.When I have lived in Europe, not as a tourist, but asa student and college president, I have come in contactwith many people of rather high intelligence and I havebeen confounded and saddened to find that in generalthey hold the conviction that Americans are a nationof money grabbers with little interest in any projectexcept as a source of pecuniary gain or financial power.For Americans, in their opinion, think comfort and physical luxury are a fit measure of successful living, butbeauty in literature, art, and nature is not thought tobe a dominant source of satisfaction. Tranquility andleisure and the use of the mind are simply futility andwaste.If this impression is founded on fact, as I fear it is,.have not our educational leaders a job to perform? Iremember that when you came as hardly more than aninexperienced youth to the leadership of the great University of Chicago, among your first educational discourses was the very vigorous condemnation of usingthe resources of colleges and universities to enable students to make more money. This greatly cheered someof us who were trying to call the attention of our students to the growing tendency in society to measure anindividual's success in his vocation by the extent herendered services to his community rather than by thewealth he acquired. In your recent utterances, however,you seem to make pecuniary profit a necessary factor inacademic interest. You have recently ridiculed the University's motto, chosen by two men of genuine characterand culture, W. R. Harper and Paul Shorey, as "tooflorid for a raw ( !) university" because forsooth the wordexcolatur is interpreted as "enriched." Did your Yaletraining give you as little knowledge of Latin or of English, for that matter, as your interpretation of this wordsuggests? A distinguished alumna writes that your proposed substitute "infuriates" her.There are, fortunately for most of us, many kinds of enrichment besides money. I have found, to my regret,that experienced advisors in regard to investments usually urge the purchase of one stock or bond rather thananother because it earns half a per cent more annually,and they do not take into account the other satisfactionswhich may be secured from the investment of money.For example, I invest annually a sum of money in theChicago Civic Music Association. When the May festivaltakes place, I get m" premium in the thrill of hearingthose hundreds of happy young children sing lullabysand patriotic and classical songs with precision and understanding gained from expert training that I have helpedfurnish them. Or I may invest, with small pecuniaryreturn, in a company whose policy toward its employeesis fair and constructive when I might have larger profitsfrom another enterprise derived from the degradationof its workers. My satisfaction from such enrichmentwould produce no thrill even if the dividend made itpossible for me to own an automobile. Your recent announcement of "punch-the-clock" contracts to be madewith scholars and teachers must be based on personalknowledge of present members of the University, distinguished for their affluence derived from stipends givenin acknowledgment of their services in helping promotesocial, philanthropic, civic, and educational projects inthis community. I do not know who they are. Theroyalty I received last year was insignificant, but thewriting of a modest little book resulted in expressions ofappreciation that greatly enriched me.Why does the University follow, so often, a policy ofpublicity which estranges and embitters, as in your recentaddresses to members of your profession?' Such a phraseas "the first trustees were not educated men," as asserted by a representative of the University, helps turnthe tide of magnificent gifts to another university. Thealumnae who are told that their University is "newand raw" resent the slur cast on their diplomas,* as theyare also offended by the granting in two years of thedegree to which they gave four. Ybur call for "consecrated scholarship" simply means a continuance of thelavish and loyal devotion which has been given wholeheartedly by the generation of scholars who have forthe most part passed on. Why not the friendly andfrank and able debates and conferences of faculties anddepartments which formerly created an atmosphere ofprogress and good will? Why not leadership rather thanwhat is thought to be a grasp for power which stiflesinitiative and engenders lack of confidence?*Pres. Hutchins said: ". . . it seems incongruous and affectedfor those rugged and unsophisticated pioneers of the Nineties tothink up a Latin slogan for their raw, new university." Seepage 11, column 2. — Ed.1920 THE UNIVERSITY OFMr. Woodward achieved wonders at the time of thesemi-centennial celebration in camouflaging this "newraw university" so that it appeared as a genuine community of scholars enjoying friendship and the advancingyears in confidence and a progressive spirit.While writing thus frankly, I realize that I was putout of commission a good many years ago and have givenyou a grand opportunity to indulge in your pastime ofwisecracking. I may be outmoded but I have not yetjoined the seemingly popular group of rubber stampers,T/ff HAT'S this about there being Communists attr Ithaca and students being told about Russia?If that's true, we desire to cancel our $5 pledge tothe Alumni Fund just to show where we stand onReds!The temper indicated by the morning mail recallsthe explosions that occurred when we wrote homein the fall of 1901 that we were taking History ofReligions 47 under Professor Nathaniel Schmidtand were, at the moment, concentrating on Mohammedanism. But Mother handled that one adequatelyby pointing out to the aunts and uncles that it mightprove refreshing to have one person in the familywho knew why he wasn't a Mohammedan,Of course we've got Communists, and of coursewe're teaching Russian; also German, Plant Breeding, and both schools of thought on the Gold Standard, If you don't approve, perhaps you'd bettercancel your $5 pledge and use $2,75 of the moneyto buy the Becker Book and find out why we haveuniversities, what their job is, and what the particular job of this one is. It's not, you'll find, solelyto supply docile cannon-fodder to Industry. It isnot merely to preserve and transmit familiar andaccepted ideas. It is not to decry, or reject withoutscrutiny, Free Silver, Billy Sunday, or the OxfordMovement.It might be a good thing for us to look into thisCommunism business. It might prove a unique andnoteworthy accomplishment to produce one Cornel-lian — one Trustee, even — who knew why he wasn'ta Communist!Cornell hasn't changed; you have. E. B. White'swater color, sketch of the University, painted nearlytwenty years ago, is still substantially accurate: "Onthe Campus are both sexes, all colors, all beliefs;from the most conservative Sophomore with Republican tendencies and a contempt for the irregular,to the bloody-eyed anarchist who wants to tear thevines off the buildings. My son will probably be aChristian five feet nine, but he will make a greatmany friends in Ithaca ivho do not conform to thatamazing standard."The days of our years are three score years andten; four score given a stout heart and a pair ofkidneys that can take it. The first eighteen are com- CHICAGO MAGAZINEand I remember and cherish your exhortation that university training has the power and duty to make the useof the mind its highest aim.Yours truly,Marion TalbotProfessor Emeritus and for Thirty-three years Dean of Women.Chicago, IllinoisApril 5, 1944monly spent in the home circle, firmly guardedagainst any new ideas at variance with the familyattitude toward religion, economics, or party affiliations; the last fifty-odd in the Chamber of Commerce where the influences are similarly protective.Just four little years of the eighty are given a manin which to be himself uninfluenced by the pressures incident to making the right connections andgetting ahead. Then, if it's a good university thattakes him — one that is set upon a hill in close communion with the stars — he will be taught nothingthrough four years, and permitted to learn everything!What if a boy does lose his belief in Santa Claus,departs from the family faith in the universalefficacy of calomel? What if he does find out thatthe Founding Fathers did not themselves regard theConstitution as a perfect document, nor one likelyto endure without periodic scrutiny and tinkering?Can't you let him alone, you alumni; give him thesame chance you had to inquire, to find out, to discard the home-town ignorances, superstitions, andlong drawers that he came to college with?On the flyleaf of the Becker Book appears thisquotation from Abelard: "By doubting we are ledto questioning, and by questioning we arrive attruth." Mull it over. Stop writing me letters. Stopteaching your son he must believe what you finallycame to believe after you had been given a four-year chance to figure things out for yourself. Anddamn your $5 — or your five million, either — if ithas a ball and chain attached to it!There are, of course, a dozen people on theCampus, who are paid to go out and get money.More power to them! Cornell should have a reason*able amount of money; if for no other reason, sothat no responsible official need ever be tempted toignoble avoidances by reason of small timidities.But, as against the dozen, there are 500 othermen who in scorn of consequence are proclaimingfreedom of teaching and expression, to the end thatthe University may continue to deserve respect,because it wedges open all doors to inquiry, to'knowledge, and to understanding — and closes notone!NO W IN MY TIME!By Romeyn Berry{Reprinted from the Cornell Alumni News of lanuary 15, 1944.)THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 21EducationJVork ExperienceMoneyRecognitionStudents at the University of Chicago have an unusual opportunityto acquire all four.Education: The superior character of the educational program ofthe University is generally accepted.Work Experience: Classes meet three days a week (MondayWednesday, Friday; Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday). Alternate dayscan be used for part-time employment. A Study-Employment Plancarried on at the University of Chicago and Marshall Field & Company has been in successful operation for three years and will continue to provide a combination of study and employment for anumber of qualified students. Though not to as large an extent, asimilar plan is in operation with other corporations.Money: Students are paid at hourly wages comparable to otherworkers.Recognition: Through a generous grant of funds by Marshall Field& Company, 25 full scholarships to the University are provided forunusually promising students on the Study-Employment Plan.Students selected for these scholarships receive full tuition plus themoney which they earn doing part-time work.Prospective students interested in the Study-Employment Planshould write to the Board of Vocational Guidance and Placement,Room 215, Cobb Hall.Scholarship applications should be addressed to the ScholarshipCommittee, Room 203, Cobb Hall.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINENEWS OF THE CLASSES* IN THE SERVICE *Major Earl F. Colborn, TO, is serving overseas with the Army AirForces. He is on leave from the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company of Rochester, New York.Lieut. Col. Manuel E. Lichten-stein, '22, MD Rush '24, reports thathe landed in Italy on the first day ofthe invasion. "It has not been aCook's tour, and a Baedecker is notvery helpful. It's definitely not thetourist season and Generals Mud,Wind, and Rain have had control fora long time."The past nineteen months Lieut.Cmdr. Horace Dawson, JD '23, hasspent in the Indian Ocean area(Africa and eastern India). He is aNaval liaison officer.Capt. Merle T. Wetton, '23, is thecommanding officer of a MarineGuard Company at a Naval operating base in the Aleutians, "standingby, working, waiting, and trainingfor tomorrow. Snow, rain, mud, fog,and williwaws present in great abundance."Capt. Paul J. Patchen, '25, MD '30,has been in Hawaii since January.He says it would be a wonderful placeto live in peacetime if the wife andtwo children were there.Lieut. Col. Graham A. Kernwein.'26, MD '31, although still in thiscountry as chief of the surgical service in al,700-bed station hospital inIllinois, writes that everything pointsto a trip elsewhere in the not-too-distant future."Truly a geologist's paradise, withopportunity to study real live volcanoes, coral atolls, and other marvels of the Southwest Pacific, but Ijust want to go home now," writesMajor Harold E. Thomas, '26.Lieut. Col. Donald L. Simon, AM'28, PhD '35, has been in the WarDepartment in Washington sinceSeptember, 1942, and is now chiefof the schedules branch, troop basisdivision.William R. Ming, Jr., '31, JD '33,has taken leave of absence as associate professor of law at Howard University to join the Army Air Forces.He recently became the first Negromember of the armed forces to appear before the U. S. Supreme Court,in the hearing of a case which wasinstituted in the court prior to hisinduction. Pvt. Ming is a formerspecial assistant attorney general ofIllinois and has served as chief of the enforcement branch of the OPA.Sidman P. Poole, PhD '32, is acolonel in the Army IntelligenceService.Capt. Frank W. Robieson, '33, thefirst Post Judge Advocate for theWACS, has been transferred from theWAC training center at Fort DesMoines, where he was stationed ayear, to Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indianapolis. It is said that Capt.Robieson "pays the WACS the compliment of treating them first as soldiers, then as women."Lieut. Marshall C. Foreen, '33, isstationed in Norfolk, Virginia. Hewas recently married to MarjorieRyser, '39, of Chicago, and their address in Norfolk is 8241 McClayRoad.Major Arnold Wilson, MD Rush'33, tells us all is well in England.There's plenty of mud and they"really know how to wade."Samuel Pollack, '34, MD Rush '37,has been promoted from captain tomajor. - He is a medical officer at theChicago Armed Forces InductionStation.Lieut. Milton E. Olin, '34, has returned to the New Orleans NavalArmed Guard Center after spendingsix months at sea in South Americanand Caribbean waters in commandof the Navy gun crew on an American merchant vessel. Olin will beremembered as active in dramaticswhile at U. of C. and as editor ofPhoenix.Ensign Marion L. Smith, '35, is aWAVE in Washington, which, shesays, is like being one in the ocean —just another. Three of them havetaken a year's lease on a house andare daring the Navy to order themto hoist anchor, and daring the Army,Navy, and Marines to end the warat once — daring hopefully, she adds.Howard P. Hudson, '35, has beenpromoted to a captain in the Army.He is doing administrative work fora general hospital and expects soonto leave for overseas.William G. Olson, '35, was one ofthe four honor men in a class thatgraduated recently from the Hospital Corps school at Great Lakes. Heis rated as a hospital apprentice, 2ndclass.Tec/4 David F. Matchett, Jr., JD'35, after eighteen months is still withthe Medical Department. He performs clerical work in the personnelsection of a general hospital, beinga classification specialist and advising on legal matters, such as courts-martial, which are constantly cornirmup. He has written "a fabulous number of wills." The last we heard fromhim he was somewhere on the westcoast. His wife is > the former LouiseCummins, '42.Recent service awards include theDistinguished Service Cross to Lieut.Gerhard Lessman, '36, and the OakLeaf Cluster to Lieut. William D.Hector, '42. Lessman was decoratedfor leading three radio operatorscarrying heavy equipment across theprecipitous Sarana-Massacre range ofAttu to the rear of the Jap lineswhere he established an artillery observation post. He maintained thepost for hours despite constant enemyfire. Hector's citation was for meritorious achievement while participating in sustained anti-submarine activity as pilot, many of the missionsmade under the hazards of unfavorable weather and the possibility ofencountering anti-aircraft fire.Lieut. Charles T. R. Adams, '36,has been on duty in the Pacific for ayear and has run into U. of C. alumniin some pretty strange places and isglad to report that each alumnus soencountered "was still alive andkicking." He adds: "Since I was amember of the initial Trivium class,I think I should tell Mortimer J. thatI have even run into two of his former students. Of course we discussedSt. Thomas."Lieut. John G. Roberts, '36, sendsus this note: "As a private first classat Camp Robinson, my gold-brickingwas so astonishingly clever that thecompany commander sent me to Ben-ning, probably to be rid of so badan example for the trainees. Graduating inconspicuously from the Infantryschool, I was shipped to the militaryintelligence training center, presumably because I had been skiing in theTyrol and had a taste for Muenchenerbeer. Leaving the States on Thanksgiving, I had a delightful, escortedtour through North Africa, and arrived in Italy in time for a fabulousNew Year's eve ball in a certain royalpalace. Since then I have spent sometime at the front and can say fromexperience that at certain times afoxhole is a most ple'asant, comfortable, and fortunate place to sleep.I hoped to bring back some photographs of the action on this front,but my old faithful Rolleiflex wasdestroyed by a bomb and it looks asthough I'll have to let the SignalCorps handle that phase of operations."Capt. George H. Watkins, '36, hasTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 23become Major Watkins and is assist-ant director of the control division oftke Sixth Service Command Headquarters.Sgt. Hal Bauer, '36, is in NorthAfrica as a member of the investigation section of the Provost Marshal's0ffice. He writes that the area issimilar in climate and scenic beautyto that of the California coast. However, all similarity ends there. "Nocinema-magnate's homes dot thiscoast; no winding concrete ribbonsbearing tourist traffic. However, forvariety, the local 'lingo' is French,and, in addition to that slight foreignelement, there is the Arab populationand the curious sight of veiledwomen, barefooted all, carryingheavy loads on their heads, whiletheir men folk ride beside them absorbing the hot sun and the sights."The Bethke brothers, Capt. Bob,'37, and 2nd Lieut. Art, '42, are bothstationed at the headquarters of theNew York Port of Embarkation. Artis with the control division and Bobin the oversea supply division. Artreports that Hymen Minsky, '41, is acorporal in his office.Charles F. Nims, PhD '37, whoentered the chaplaincy of the U. S.Army about a year ago, is now stationed at Camp Lee, Virginia. TheNimses address is 218 Danville Avenue, Petersburg, Virginia.Lieut. Edward S. Stern, '37, JD '40,writes: "Since I was in Chicago lastspring I have seen quite a bit of theworld. Having drawn anew aircraftcarrier as my assignment, I spentsome time in an eastern port priorjfranfe 3BL JflananfeIndividual TailorTPersonal attention given toDesigning, Fitting and Selectionof Materials.Smporteb anb 3@ome*ticWoolen*MANY UNIVERSITY ALUMNI ANDFACULTY USE MY SERVICESTSuite 1005-6-719 So. La Salle StreetPhone Central 6198Cnicago, 111. to the ship's commissioning, made ashakedown cruise into the Caribbean,and a short while later headed westand am now somewhere in the Pacific. We have participated in severalof the recent 'events' which havetaken place in this part of the world,and will probably see a lot more inthe future. You can find out muchmore about what I've seen by reading the papers than the censors willpermit me to tell. Lt. Cmdr. FelixOcko, MD Rush '37, is senior medical officer aboard ship. I have alsospent some time ashore with Lieut.Melvin Ury, '37, JD '39, who is serving as signal officer aboard the flagship of the Central Pacific Force, andLieut. Prescott Jordan, '38, MD '41,who is a Navy doctor attached to theMarines. One of the most pleasantexperiences you can have in this partof the world is to run across a U. ofC. man."Ensign Chuck Wilson, '37, is stationed on a destroyer escort that putsinto New York harbor occasionally,when he is able to see his wife (MargArgall, '39) and baby girl, Margot,who are living at Parkchester in theBronx.Robert C. Barr, '37, has been promoted to the rank of captain at FortSheridan. He is attached to theQuartermaster Corps.Lieut. Melvin R. Salk, '37, SM '38,after getting his MD from the University of Illinois, finished internshipat Cook County hospital last December and has gone to Carlisle Barracks. He says he had great funparading about in his new uniform,but after two weeks at the officers'school the war became a grim realityand he feels as though he had alwaysbeen in khaki. Civilian life seemsfar away and eminently desirable —the years at U. of C. "just a dream."In Northern Ireland, Lieut. Lawrence S.* Craig, '38, has been assignedas an aide. He is assisting in thetraining of the American soldier sothat he will become a "professional"in a war of "professionals." It is avery satisfactory existence, he writes,and "when the big show comes weshall be giving a lot more than weshall be taking."Capt. Alfred J. Massover, '38, MD'40, writes: "This is the only place Ihave seen during my Army travelsto which I shall want to return inhappier times. With all the bustleand overcrowding, Hawaii is still theisland paradise. When can we gohome?"Lieut. Nils W. Olsson, AM '38, asassistant Naval attache to the Ameri can Legation in Stockholm, has hada year's service in the beautiful Scandinavian capital. He sends greetingsfrom Dr. Dag Stromback, visitingprofessor in Germanics at the U. ofC. from 1937 to 1939. Lieut. Olssonadds: "Dr. Stromback's eyes still lightup when he reminisces about theMidway and all his Chicago friends."Capt. Juan Horns, Jr., '38, writes:"Still in North Africa after two yearsand one month of the dark continent.So far have been stationed permanently in every large city of north,west, and central Africa and Egypt.Had the thrill of accompanyingPresident Roosevelt's party to theCairo and Teheran Conferences.Have met very few U. of C. people.Among them, Lieut. John Barden,'35, JD '38, on the way to Italy, andCapt. Charles Longacre, JB '39, whodrives a DC3 for us between Africaand India. Also Pete Johnson, whois doing hush-hush work in thatamazing center of intrigue, Cairo."Besides having his organizationcited four times by the PresidentMajor Gilbert E. Erb, '39, has beenpersonally awarded the Silver Star,Distinguished Flying Cross with OakLeaf, Purple Heart, and Air Medal.He served a year af combat pilotin the Southwest Pacific and is currently stationed at Fort Leavenworth.Somewhere in the Aleutian area,Lieut. Marshall J. Stone, '39, hasundergone a new kind of winter —the wind blew harder and more oftenthan across the campus at U. of C.The travels of S/Sgt. AlexanderLowinger, '39, JD '41, are continuing at a fast pace. After Guadalcanal, there was a period of rehabilitation in the Fijis. Now he is back inthe headline class in the South Pacific, where, he writes, anything ina can is anathema and fresh meatis something being rationed in theStates. Their solution to the dilemmais planting a victory garden right inthe combat area under the Japs'noses. "Life is somewhat jungle-like,but we've installed some conveniencesand have such things like movies,surf swimming in the ocean, a rationof beer every once in a while, anda Red Cross giving refreshments regularly to make it tolerable for thenonce. Not only that, but a rotationpolicy of two years has been announced for this theater, so those ofus already in our second year outhere have something pleasant todwell on."His last week at midshipman'sschool was an eventful one forEnsign Joffre A. Heineck, '40. His24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEEASTMAN COAL CO.Established 1902YARDS ALL OVER TOWNGENERAL OFFICES342 N. Oakley Blvd.Telephone Seeley 4488TELEPHONE HAYMARKET 4566O'CALLAGHAN BROS., Inc.PLUMBING CONTRACTORS21 SOUTH GREEN ST.Phones Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.,INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Purpose*4508 Cottage Grove Avenuewife (Joan Kammerer, '40) had a4^ -pound boy. The baby is over 13pounds now, and wants to go to theU. of C. The happy family of threeis in Washington, D. C, where theensign is with a mine disposal unitat the Navy Yard.Lieut. John B. Whidden, Jr., '40,was married to Yvonne Brown, whoattended the University from 1936to 1938, on December 18, 1940, andsince then, he writes, he has seenservice in a good many parts of theworld. "Served for a time with theparachute troops. Our son, Jack, wasborn September 5, 1943, in Macon,Georgia. Three days later I left foroverseas, and am now in India. Therest of my family is at home in Chicago. If this war isn't over soon, Jackwill beat me to my degree. I hopehe's smarter than his old man was.I'd like to say hello to all the PhiDelts, and hope to hear from someof them.""We are now located in New York,where I am instructing in meteorology at New York University,"writes Lieut. Robert H. Sehnert, '41."After a long search for a furnishedapartment we finally located ourselves for the temporary period ofArmy assignment in an unfurnishedapartment. We have stinted a biton some household articles, but thekitchen is well stocked to suitour varied tastes. My wife (GiselaKamm) was an undergraduate at the U. of C. She will probably take acourse or two here in New York."Ensign Joe Molkup, '41, has beenassigned to the Ship's Superintendent's Office at the Navy Yard in NewYork, pending sea duty, he hopes.Joe was a welcome visitor at AlumniHouse in February.Sgt. Melvin Tracht, '41, purchasing agent for the Illinois Institute ofTechnology following his graduationuntil going into service a year anda half ago, is now somewhere inBritain, as a message center chief inthe Army Signal Corps. He recentlysent his brother, Vernon, '43, a geological clue as to his general whereabouts, referring him to the "middleOrdovician period of the Paleozoicera" — thus demonstrating once againthe wide application of knowledgederived from the general surveycourses! He has had some opportunity to travel on horseback throughthe beautiful countryside and quaintvillages near his camp. On one suchtrip along the coast, he writes, thescenery far exceeds anything he hasseen in the States and the "surrounding region has much to entertain ageologist as well as a writer or poet."Corpl. William K. Reed, Jr., MBA'42, after serving as personnel man,entertainment director, and athleticdirector of his regiment, has finallybeen transferred to Yank, the Armyweekly. He is at the Pacific bureauin Honolulu, where he is busy covering local stories and buried in numerous office details. He is eager to go"down under" to cover some combatassignments.Lieut. James A. McClintock, MD'42, met up with a U. of C.'e* duringthe fighting on Kwajalein Atoll."Such battles are easy victories to thereporters," he writes, "but I think I'drather have been back in Billings ina nice, safe residency or instructor-ship. The Kwajalein fight 4was abeautifully coordinated attack. Thatsaved a lot of men."A/S Robert A. Stierer, '43, afterten months in the Infantry at Washington, D. C, and Fort Benning, hasbeen transferred to the A. A. F. Following cadet training at KeeslerField, he is at the University ofArkansas about ready to go to aclassification center.Caroline and Charlotte Allen, both'43, enlisted in the women's reserve ofthe Marines last fall, were sworn inon Marine Anniversary Day, andleft for Camp Lejeune on January24, where they are now privates.The girls have an eighteen-year-oldbrother who enlisted in the Marines a year ago. He left Camp Lejeunesix days after Caroline and Charlottearrived. Members of the women'sreserve are in seclusion for six weeks,but the chaplain arranged for threemeetings for the girls and theirbrother before he left for the westcoast!Lieut. Donald M. Mclntyre, MD'43, is stationed at the new Naval airstation at Klamath Falls, Oregon.Although living quarters and hangarsare still being built, nevertheless thefield is alive with torpedo bombers,fighters, and trainees. The natives ofKlamath Falls "eye the Navy withinterest and are very friendly."Pvt. Marvin D. Burack, '43, aftereight months in the Army has finallylanded in radio repair and has beenin "sunny Tennessee" for the pastseveral months. He doesn't want toexplode any myth, but says mud andrain have been his constant companions.John D. Lyding, '45, has finishedhis basic pilot training at Coffeyville,Kansas, and has gone to Pampa,Texas, for further training.Katherine M. Rahl, on leave as ateacher in the U. of C. LaboratorySchools, has been made a lieutenant(j.g.) after a little more than a yearnsactive duty with the WAVES. Lieut.Rahl is attached to the JacksonvilleNaval Air Station as athletic and welfare officer for the WAVES.Tim* PtiatlMMalnttMRttCteMlu PH0H1GRAcelend 0800CENTRAL BUILDING CLEANING CQ.~CalttMSteinlMMaunryArid WMhlMSenrt BhtttlMStaMN ClMRlltfWattr Prwtef 3347 N. H.Uf.,1 $WPhone: Saginaw 3202FRANK CURRANRoofing & InsulationLeaks RepairedFree EstimatesFRANK CURRAN ROOFING CO.8019 Bennett St.BOYDSTON BROS.All phones OAK. 0492operatingAuthorized Ambulance Servicefor Billings HospitalUniversity Clinics, etcCADILLAC EQUIPMENT EXCLUSIVELYTHE U N I VTHE CLASSES1897Wallace W. Atwood, PhD '03,president of Clark University since1920, recipient of an alumni medal atthe Fiftieth Anniversary, has receivedthe award for distinguished service togeography of the National Council ofGeography Teachers.1902F. D. Bramhall has been a memberof the faculty of the University ofColorado since 1923. He is knownthroughout the state as an effectivespeaker on current political, social,and economic problems. He hastaken an active interest in Coloradolabor problems; has spoken often onthe university's radio program; andhas served as city councilman inBoulder and as president of his localchapter of the American Federationof Teachers.Maurice Mandeville of Fahnestockand Company, Chicago, was reelectedpresident of the Chicago 'MercantileExchange in January.1903Vice-president Bruce MacLeish ofCarson Pirie Scott, Chicago, has beenappointed general manager of the organization. His service with thecompany began in 1906 and in 1913he was admitted to partnership. MacLeish is active in many Chicago tradeorganizations.James Burnett Eskridge, AM, PhDECONOMY SHEET METAL WORKS•Galvanized Iron and Copper CornicesSkylights, Gutters, Down SpoutsTile, Slate and Asbestos Roofing1927 MELROSE STREETBuckingham 1893ENGLEWOODELECTRICAL SUPPLY CO.Distributors, Manufacturers and Jobbers ofELECTRICAL MATERIALS ANDFIXTURE SUPPLIES5801 EnglewoodS. Halsted Street 7500The Best Place to Eat on the South SideCOLONIAL RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone Hyde Perk 4324 VERSITY OF. CHICAGO'12, of Evansville, Indiana, hopes tosee his Alma Mater this year. "I havenot seen the University since I rc-> ceived the degree of Doctor of Phil-" osophy. I am quite sure that somc-t one will have to pilot me from place1 to place. May I be permitted to say> that I have not allowed the grass tof grow under my feet. I have manuscripts for comedies and tragedieswhich have been examined and approved by masters of the arts."c Wynne N. Garlick of Long Beach,t California, has been giving English1 lessons to a group of Russian officers.1 He himself picked up his Russian> first hand when he visited the Soviet5 Union in 1937 and more recently) while a student of the language at> U.C.L.A. g g| 1904I Irving E. Miller, PhD, has becomel professor emeritus in the WesternWashington College of Education atBellingham.I 1905; Charles F. Kennedy and Mrs. Kennedy (Lillian Stephenson, '06) recently visited their son, Bud, who istaking pilot training in Oklahoma.f Mrs. Kennedy writes: "I watch withl pride and satisfaction my AlmaMater's increasingly clear stand be-; hind former Dean Laing's emphasis> of the liberal arts' importance, andwe rush home from church each Sun-; day to get the Round Table."19061 Friends of Edwin Parry will besorry to learn of the death of his wifelast December in Long Beach, California.1907At the time of her retirement aspresident of Connecticut College lastfall, Katharine Blunt, PhD, wasawarded the degree of Doctor .ofLaws. Miss Blunt served as president of the college fourteen years. AtChicago she is also well rememberedas head of the home economics department for many years.Guy Crippen, DB '12, began hiswork as minister of the First BaptistChurch, Madera, California, on December 12, 1943.1910Lake Forest Academy has recentlyelected Charles F. Glore president ofthe board of trustees.1911Vallee O. Appel, JD '14, our ownAlumni Association president andpresident of the Fulton Market ColdStorage Company, has been electedfirst vice-president of the ChicagoMercantile Exchange. MAGAZINE 250 1913e Mordecai Johnson, Negro leaderand president of Howard University,was one of the winter speakers atChicago's Sunday Evening Club.With the rating of principal publicY relations officer, Mrs. Ralph G. Saw-Dyer (Martha Green) is with the OP^i' in Washington. Mr. Sawyer, '12, is* at the Naval Proving Ground atDahlgien, Virginia.A letter from Harold Kramer tells5 us that he continues as secretary andgeneral manager of the Loup River^ Public Power District at Columbus,Nebraska. "As you may or may notknow, every bit of electric businessY in the state of Nebraska with theexception of Omaha and a few surrounding towns is owned by thepeople. As I have promised you, somee of these days I am going to write a1 story and submit it to you for yourt approval for publication in the Magazine." We hope he will.Chinese consul-general Chang Lok- Chen, JD '16, during the winterspoke in Chicago on China's part ins the global war. The consul has servedhis country in Washington, D. C,i San Francisco, Calcutta, Ottawa, and\ other large cities throughout theworld.* 1914* Rudy Matthews' son, Corpl. Richard, '42, is stationed at Drew Field,Florida, close enough to go home tospend a few hours there on week-AMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. JACKSON BOULEVARDCHICAGOA Bureau of Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field.It is affliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.HOWARD F. NOLANPLASTERING, BRICKandCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. Lake Park Ave.T.l.phon* Dorchait.r 157926 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEends. Rick's sister, Edith, is in herfirst year at Mount Holyoke and"loves it," while sixteen-year-oldSteve is in Cheshire Academy nearNew Haven, Connecticut. Mrs. Matthews helps at the Orlando GeneralHospital a couple of mornings eachweek as a nurses' aide, and Rudyhimself keeps so busy with domesticand other chores he hasn't playedany golf for a couple of months.The Matthews have had as neighborsthe past winter Percy H. Boynton,'05, and wife; Miss Gertrude Dudley, '99; Herbert L. Willett, PhD '96,and Mrs. Willett; and James F. Hosic,'01, PhM '02, long-time professor atColumbia.Charles O. Molander, MD '17, for* the third successive year headed thefinance campaign of the Hyde ParkY.M.C.A., Chicago. Proceeds areused to support the boys' and girls'activities at the Y.M. buildings innear-by neighborhoods and at a summer camp in Michigan.Derwent Whittlesey, AM '16, PhD'20, professor of geography at Harvard, has been elected president for1944 of the Association of AmericanGeographers.Jacob R. Kantor, PhD '17, is acting chairman of the psychology department at Indiana University.MOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago . . State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNI10* SunfkJce Cream%^F^^/J?^^R^3^PP5EXTRA CAREMAKES THEEXTRA GOODNESSA Product ojSWIFT & CO.7409 S. State StreetPhone Radcliffe 7400 1915Lilliace M. Mitchell's son, Bob, isstationed at Camp Pendleton, nearSan Diego, as a private first class inthe Marines.William C. Deer, AM, DB '22,went to the Congregational Churchof Pierre, South Dakota, in October,1943.1916Paul S. Russell, vice-president ofthe Harris Trust and Savings Bank,has been elected vice-president forrevenue of the Chicago Associationof Commerce, an organization in its41st year and with a membership ofmore than 4,000 companies.Vernon F. Schwalm, AM, PhD '26,president of Manchester College,represented the General Board ofEducation of the Church of theBrethren at the inauguration of Calvert N. Ellis as president of JuniataCollege last fall.1917Frederick Kuh, who, in his ownwords, edited the Maroon and studiedbilliards while on the Quadrangles, isLondon correspondent for the Chicago Sun and P.M. He has gainedthe reputation among his colleaguesas the best U.S. foreign correspondent. Kuh has spent most of the lasttwenty-four years in Europe arid frequently scoops other correspondentsby hours if not days on major eventsabroad.James H. S. Ellis has been electedpresident of the New York advertising agency, Arthur Kudner, Inc. Hejoined the firm in 1935 as vice-president.1918Mrs. L. M. Myers (Marjorie Ma-hurin) recently took the opportunityto tell us that she has been exceedingly proud of the stand the University has taken on many issues —athletics, the war, and post-war education. She writes: "Although I amalmost wholly without the sentimental attachment most people seemto feel for their schools, clubs, etc.,I have always been proud to say thatI am a graduate of the University ofChicago. " As a P.S.: "How well doI remember how my professors usedto struggle with the name Mahurin.I am now exulting in the fact that myyoung cousin, Captain Walker Mahurin, is now making the name afamiliar one the length and breadthof our country, as leading Ace ofthe U.S. 8th Army Air Forces."1919The public library of Grand Forks,North Dakota, has appointed Pearl G. Carlson, AM, cataloger and assistant.Earl E. Sproul recently resigned asvice-president of the Western Newspaper Union and its affiliated Publishers' Auxiliary to form the AgencyService Corporation with offices inChicago. The firm will handle general advertising and public relationsaccounts.Samuel Madorsky, PhD '23, is carrying on chemical research at theBureau of Standards in Washington.Kemp Malone, PhD, professor ofEnglish philology at Johns HopkinsUniversity, has been elected presidentfor 1944 of the Linguistic Societyof America. Malone, formerly vice-president of the American Dialect Society, has also been elevated to thepresidency of that society.1920Director of residence halls, AliceMacDonald Nelson, is at IndianaUniversity.Marjorie Barrows continues as atop author in the juvenile book field, jThere have been 75,000 copiesprinted of Timothy Tiger — her mostrecent publication.1921Milton M. Bowen, priority districtofficer in charge of construction andwar housing for the WPB, has beennamed executive secretary of theMetropolitan Chicago Home Builders' Association.Orlando E. A. Overn, AM, whoGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Pointing— Decorating— Wood Finithing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3186CLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency61st YearNationwide ServiceFive Offices — One Fee64 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoMinneapolis — Kansas City, Mo.Spokane—New YorkESTABLISHED 1908m, FAirfax3206ROOFINGGilliland6644 COTTAGE GROVE A^ROOFING and INSULATIN©THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 27took his PhD at Teachers College,Columbia, is instructing in the ASTPprogram at Indiana University.1922E. Guy Cutshall, PhD, after spending twenty years in educational work,resigned in 1937 to travel and study.j^ine months in 1937 and 1938 werespent in travel in Europe, the NearEast, and North Africa. Cutshall haslectured for Rotary International insome sixty cities in the United States.fie is now serving as pastor of St.Paul's Methodist Church, ColoradoSprings, Colorado, but in additionspends considerable time on the lecture platform. At present he is preparing the manuscript of a book onthe subject "Science and the Fateof Man."Rollin G. Thomas, AM, PhD '30,author of Our Modern Banking andMonetary System, published a yearago, is an authority in the field ofmonetary and fiscal policy. He hastaught economics at Purdue foralmost a quarter of a century.1923Rodney L. Miller is with the accounting department of Eastern AirLines in Miami, Florida.Claude A. Roth, LLB, Chicago attorney, has been appointed trusteeof the Chicago and North WesternRailway. Roth is a member of thelaw firm of Gottlieb and Schwartzand in 1939 was appointed trusteefor the Majestic Radio and Television Corporation, which completedreorganization in 1940.BOYDSTON BROS., INC.UNDERTAKERSSince 18924227-29-31 Cottage Grove Ave.All Phones OAKIand 0492Ashjian Bros., inc.ESTABLISHED 1921Oriental and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED8066 South Chicago Phone Regent 6000JOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900—0901Retail Deliveries Daily and SundaysQuality and Service Since 1882 Bryce L. Hamilton, JD '28, continues as a member of the law firmof Winston Strawn and Shaw, with*offices in the First National Bankbuilding of Chicago. He makes hishome in Hinsdale.1925Ida E. Fisher of Des Moines isa substitute teacher in the publicschools there.Florence Gleason Slayton tells usthat with four children in the familyshe is fairly swamped with householdaffairs. Two of the boys are enjoying U. of C. campus life this year —such as it is.Eldon A. Ramige, AM, is an inspector at Boeing Aircraft in Seattle.John H. Ingmanson is in NewHaven, Connecticut, as vice-presidentand production manager of the Whitney Blake Company.Clara M. de Milt, PhD, has beenhead of the chemistry department ofSophie Newcomb College since 1926.For over two years she has been headof the same department in the TulaneGraduate School. Her hobby is thehistory of chemistry, she says.Mrs. Henry A. Wright (Martha,Gose) has sent us the following fromDecatur, Georgia: "We wandered upto Illinois for a while last year tohelp make bomber wings, but nowwe're back at the old *stand in thesouth. Pa greases the wheels (stillwith J. I. Case); Grandma Wrightand Mother bake the biscuits athome; Carol is a so-called dignifiedsenior; Jack a 5'7 soph, at highschool; Paul's the plumpest and noisiest (he's five) ; Mar jorie's the smallestand sweetest (she's three). We allhang out in an enormous home at604 West College Avenue. Pleasecome visit us there!"1926Anna Barbara Carlin is in Washington as a geographic aide.Since the death of her husbandlast November, Eva Wayman Learning and her boys, Jerry, 15, andTommy, 11, have been living inGreenfield, Indiana, where she is doing welfare visiting for the HancockCounty Department of Public Welfare.Ching Chao Wu, AM, PhD '28, isthe author of an article on post-wareconomic reconstruction in China,appearing a month or two ago ina Massachusetts educational journal.After getting his PhD, Wu returnedto China as professor of sociology atNanking and Tsing Hua Universities,has been editor-in-chief of a Chinesepublication, secretary of the Chinesesociological society, and is senior sec retary of the Chinese Ministry ofEconomic Affairs.Elrick B. Davis, AM, commutesfrom his home in New Canaan, Connecticut, to his job in New York withthe National Association of Manufacturers.1927Lois R. Schulz is nutritionist at International House in Berkeley.1928Kate Hevner Mueller, PhD, is deanof women at Indiana University,Bloomington. Her husband, John H.Mueller, PhD '28, is associate professor of sociology.1929Ernest S. Stevens is regional appeals manager of the WPB in Chicago.Howard B. Myers, PhD, is aneconomist with the Committee forEconomic Development in Washington. He is living across the river inFalls Church.Charlotte M. Millis is teaching atthe Summit School in St. Paul.1930Richard Hall is a real estate brokerliving out in Tucson, Arizona.Franklin D. Elmer, DB, closed avery successful pastorate at the Bap-Albert K. Epstein, '12B. R. Harris, '21 .Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285-6PETERSONFIREPROOFWAREHOUSESTORAGEMOVING•Foreign — DomesticShipments. •55th & ELLIS AVENUEPHONEMIDway 970028 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO .MAGAZINEtist Church of Lockport, New York,on November 7, to become ministerof the First Baptist Church of Flint,Michigan. Mr. Elmer went to theLockport church in October, 1936.During his seven-year pastorate therethe church has been greatly enlargedand strengthened, and he leaves itwith excellent prospects for a brightfuture. The Elmers home address inFlint is 902 East Sixth Street.1931James Atwell McDill, AM, accepted a call to become director ofstewardship with the Board of Christian Education of the PresbyterianChurch, U.S.A., and began his workNovember, 10. He will he associatedwith the Rev. Luther E. Stein, secretary of the division of church relations of the Board, in the generalpromotion of the cause of Christianeducation. Mr. McDill has been associate minister in the First Congregational Church of Long Beach,California, since 1941. Before thathe held pastorates in Columbus andMarietta, Ohio, and in Quincy,Illinois.As liaison representative, RichardO. Lang, AM '32, PhD '36, is in theoffice of the Chief of Staff of the WarDepartment in Washington.Colgate University announces thatRaymond O. Rockwood, AM, PhD'35, has been advanced to the rankof associate professor of history, beingone of five faculty members recentlynamed for advancement by the boardof trustees. Rockwood has been astaff member since 1934.John C. Jensen, of the firm Mun-die, Jensen, Bourke and Havens, Chicago architects and engineers, hasgone to Santiago, Chile.Morris I. Leibman, JD '33, associated with the Chicago law firm ofTaylor, Miller, Busch and Bowden,has been appointed Illinois statechairman of the Junior Bar Conference of the American Bar Association.1932Edward H. Levi, JD '35, Chicagolawyer, has been appointed first assistant to Wendell Berge, assistantattorney general in charge of the antitrust division of the Justice Department. Levi has been with theanti-trust division since 1940.1933Cecile Loewy Nathan is workingat Chicago's Museum of Science andIndustry. Her husband is in service.Floyd E. Masten has accepted anappointment at the Library of Congress as associate fellow in contem porary map bibliography. He actedas chief of the accessions department'of the Library, Army Map Service,from March, 1942, to January, 1943,when he was appointed librarian.This position he still holds.1934Leaving the University of Illinoislibrary school as assistant director.Erret.W. McDiarmid, PhD, has beenappointed librarian of the Universityof Minnesota. He will also be director of the library instruction division.1935Miriam G. Buck, PhD, has been atNorthwestern University since lastJune as business manager of theN.D.R.C. laboratory of the Technological Institute.1936James R. Macdonald, PhD, is associate professor of chemical engineering at West Virginia StateUniversity, Morgantown.William F. Roertgen, AM, is instructing air cadets at Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota.Time correspondent Will Lang isone of the seven American newsmenWasson-PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phones: Wentworth 8620-1-2-3-4Wasson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wasson DoesBEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO.24-HOUR SERVICELICENSED - BONDEDINSUREDQUALIFIED WELDERSHAYmarket 79171404-08 S. Western Ave., ChicagoAlice Banner Englewood 3181COLORED HELPFACTORY HELPSTORESSHOPSMILLS FOUNDRIESEnglewood Emp. Agcy ., 5534 S. State St.MEDICAL BOOKSof All PublishersThe Largest and Most Complete Stock andall New Books Received as soon as published. Come in and browse.SPEAKMAN'S(Chicago Medical Book Co.)Congress and Honore StreetsOne Block from Rush Medical College who landed at Nettuno with theAmerican forces and he has beencovering the battle of Italy from thefirst. Lang spent many weeks withMark Clark's Fifth Army in Africawaiting for it to jump off on invasionand then got his baptism of fire inItaly the second day of Salerno. Lan?always manages to be on the frontlines to experience first-hand the dramatic news he cables.Ruth Pardee, AM '37, anthropologist, has returned from the DutchEast Indies and is working in Washington's Pentagon as a research analyst. Miss Pardee spent three yearsamong the natives of the Far Eastcollecting material for her doctoraldegree and was in Sumatra until theJap invasion. She returned home byway of Java, Capetown, Paramaribo,and New York.Thomas J. Bevan reports a changeof address — from the Magnolia Pe*troleum Company in Dallas, Texas,to 305 Kennedy Building, Tulsa 3,Oklahoma.1937As assistant professor of mathematical biophysics, Alston S. Householder, PhD, is back on campus thisyear.Harvey D. Watts was assigned backto the Methodist Church of Baker,Louisiana, last November. Mr. Wattsleft the Divinity School to becomedirector of the Wesley Foundationand instructor in religious educationat Louisiana State University. In1942-43 he taught in the history department there. Since June, 1943, hehas been giving full time to the BakerChurch. The Watts have two boysnow. Harvey David was born in Chicago, and William Frank was bornNovember 7, 1943.Elizabeth Jones Meyers, AM, is anassistant professor at Alabama College for Women, Montevallo.Formerly horticulturist at the University of Arizona's agricultural college at Tucson, William E. Martin,PhD, has joined the U. S. Department of Agriculture and gone toTinga Maria, Peru.1938One of the editors for the Office ofWar Information in New York Cityis Edouard H. Roditi. Besides, hecontributes regularly to various newspapers and magazines.Francis S. Nipp, AM, has returnedto the Quadrangles as an instructorin the English department.1939Chemist John Lorr, SM '41, is hv-ing in Washington, D.C, while carrying on research for the U. S. Depar -THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 29ment of Agriculture in Beltsville,Maryland.After serving six years as head ofthe English department of the College of St. Thomas at St. Paul, Minnesota, Rev. Vincent J. Flynn, PhD,has been named president of theinstitution. Before the war he spenta year in Rome on a Guggenheimfellowship.Frieda Brackebusch, AM, is secretary of the health and hospital division of the Social Planning Councilof St. Louis and St. Louis County.Kathryn P. Mier, AM '40, has leftthe American Library Association inChicago to join the Missouri LibraryCommission at Jefferson City as executive secretary.Oscar E. Whitebook, AM, is anadministrator in social work in Seattle, Washington.John H. Smith, MBA, is with theUniversity's School of Business, teaching and doing statistical research.Ruth Irene Cline, PhD, is assistingUncle Sam in the War Departmentin Chicago.1940Lillian C. Hines, AM,, is a fiscalaccounting clerk for the RFC inWashington.Marjorie Mae Browne, AM, iswith the Red Cross at the stationhospital at Sheppard Field, Texas.Dorothy Califf Riley, AM, is anotherRed Cross worker at the station hospital at Camp Chaffee, Arkansas.The Civil Service Commission inWashington has Bernice E. Lippmanas one of its personnel examiners. Another war worker in the capital isMinnie Dockterman, economist withthe WPB.Dan Genung, AM, DB '41, andMrs. Genung (Frances Ulrich, MS42) are still hard at work in theirAll People's Christian Church andCommunity Center in Los Angeles,California, doing a commendable andsuccessful work with the many nationality groups represented in theneighborhood.1941Beatrice S. Friedman, AM, hasbeen a junior social science analystjft the Office of Strategic Servicesui Washington for two years.Glenna E. Snapp, AM, remains asteacher and personnel advisor atHorace Mann Junior High School inLake wood, Ohio.1942Jean Spaulding Zoerheide is combining homemaking and teaching inthe high school at Hoopeston, Illinois.Last fall Josephine Smith Schoff, E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing731 Plymouth CourtWabash 8182ACMESHEET METAL WORKSGeneral Sheet Metal WorkSkylights - Gutters - SmokestacksFurnace and Ventilating Systems1 1 1 1 East 55th StreetPhone Hyde Park 9500T. A. REHNQUIST CO. CONCRETEV-// FLOORS\r\r SIDEWALKS\\ V MACHINE FOUNDATIONSw EMERGENCY WORKv ALL PHONESEST. 199 Wentworth 44226639 So. Vernon Ave.CLARKE-McELROYPUBLISHING CO.6140 Cottage Grove AvenueMidway 3935"Good Printing of All Descriptions"AM, started teaching mathematicsand science in the high school atDowagiac, Michigan.Miriam Mason Higgins, SM, is aresearch assistant at U. of C.David L. Fisher has left Chicagoto do research work for the SperryGyroscope Company in electronicsequipment they are designing andconstructing for the Army. He is living in Garden City, Long Island.Robert Nash, AM, is living in Jamaica, Long Island. He's a researchanalyst at the Social Security Boardin New York.1943The University of Minnesota hasappointed Ruth E. Montgomery, SM,an instructor at the University Farmin St. Paul.E. Bernice Fisher is an officeassistant at the Chicago CouncilAgainst Racial and Religious Discrimination.Helen Potts Armstrong, AM, isconnected with tlje family allowancedivision of the Navy Department inWashington.Vivian Edmiston, PhD, has the title of associate educational supervisor in the research division of theNew York State Department of Education in Albany.Edith B. Surrey is a research assistant for the Committee for Economic Development in Chicago.Kenneth L. Cook, PhD, is doinggeophysical work for the U. S. Bureau of Mines in Nevada.Helping to build ships at Vancouver, Washington, is Muriel Friedman Tuteur's war job.Clinton W. Morgan, Jr., MD, hassuccessfully passed examinations andbeen granted a license to practicemedicine in Ohio. He has been interning at the Cleveland Clinic Hospital.Lelia Mason Easson, SM, is a dailyrate field representative of the Bureau of Labor Statistics in Seattle,Washington.SOCIAL SERVICEThe students and faculty of theSchool met together for luncheon onMarch 25 to honor the twenty-sixstudents who were taking the master's degree from the University atthe winter convocation. This luncheon meeting was planned by theS.S.A. Club. Robert Mosier, thepresident, presided and the speakerswere Miss Wright, Miss Breckinridge, Miss Abbott and Mr, McMillen.Some of the students who receivedthe AM degree on March 24 andtheir new positions are as follows. Anumber are joining the American« Red Cross: Anne Beyhan will go as amedical social worker to the HalloranGeneral Hospital on Staten Island;Katherine Kinsey as a psychiatric social worker at the Oak Knoll NavalHospital at Oakland, California;Marguerite Massino is having her induction in the Red Cross but at thepresent does not have a definite assignment.The following students are remaining in Chicago: Bertice Carey, Elizabeth Elam and Martha Shacklefordare joining the staff of the UnitedCharities; Margaret Brooks, the children's division of the Chicago Welfare Administration; Beatrice Werble,the Council of Social Agencies; Maxine Dieterich, the Illinois Children'sHome and Aid Society; Martha Carlton will be a psychiatric social workerat the Elgin State Hospital.Mary Elizabeth Chapman will workwith the Family Society of AlleghenyCounty in Pittsburgh; Evelyn Leewith the Department of Public Wei-30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEHUGHES TEACHERS AGENCY25 E. JACKSON BLVD.Telephone Harriion 779SChicago, III.Member National Associationof Teachers AgenciesGenerally recognized ai >n. »f th. leadlne TMeheriAi»mIm »l th. United StotM.HARRY EENIGCNBURG, Jr.STANDARDREADY ROOFING CO.Complete Service10436S. Wabash Ave. TelephonePullman 8500fare in Honolulu; Mary Jane Peckwith the Children's Bureau in Wilmington, Delaware; Anne ParkerRobison with the Children's Hospitalin Denver; Elsie Swanson has beenmade supervisor in the child welfareservice in the State of New Mexico;and Grace Taylor, director of childwelfare services in the State of Wyoming.Miss Abbott recently attended ameeting of -the Children in War TimeCommission of the U. S. Children'sBureau held in Washington on March17 and 18.Clyde Getz, AM '37, has resignedhis position as director of child welfare in the State of Oregon to becomethe new state administrator for theCalifornia Children's Home Society.Jeanne Jewett, AM '40, has been appointed director of child welfare services in Oregon.Vallance Wickens, AM '40, hasbeen made general secretary of theProtestant Family Welfare, Inc., inAlbany, New York.Florence Steinhorn, AM '43, hasaccepted a position as phychiatric social worker with the American RedCross in Oliver General Hospital, Augusta, Georgia.Lois Gratz, AM '43, has joined thestaff of the Family Welfare Society inAtlanta, Georgia.BIRTHSTo Van Meter Ames, U9, and Mrs.Ames, their third child, Damaris, onJanuary 31 in Cincinnati. She isnamed for Mrs. Bernadotte E. Schmitt(Damaris Ames, '22). The baby'sfather is in the Department ofPhilosophy at the University of Cincinnati.To George V. Deal, '23, and Mrs.Deal (Emily Sedlacek, '26, AM '40),a daughter, Mary Holman, on Febru-ary'5. The Deals live in River Forest,Illinois. FINE BONE CHINAAynsley, Spode and Other FamousMakes. Also Crystal and GiftsGolden Dirilyte{Formerly Dirigold)The Lifetime TablewareSOLID— NOT PLATEDService for Eight, $41.75GOLDEN HUED BABY SPOONS fi>1While they last «PX ta.COMPLETE TABLE APPOINTMENTSDirigo, Inc.70 E. Jackson Blvd. Chicago, III.Lieut. Henry Cutter, '37, and Mrs.Cutter announce the birth of theirfirst child, a daughter, Constance, onDecember 8, 1943. Hank is recovering in a hospital in the Southwest Pacific after being reported missingwhen the PT boat he commandedwas sunk.ENGAGEMENTSMr. and Mrs. Sam P. Gerson announce the engagement of theirdaughter, Marion Gerson, '40, toLieut. Robert B. Cook, '38, JD '40,who has been on active duty in theSouthwest Pacific. No date has beenset for the wedding.Mr. and Mrs. Samuel S. Novickannounce the engagement of theirdaughter, Lieut. Esther E. Novick, '42,of the Army nurse corps, to Lieut.J. W. Robinson of Tampa, Florida.The wedding will take place in NewGuinea, where the two lieutenantsare stationed. She is supervisor ofthe psychiatric ward of a station hospital. Lieut. Robinson wears theDistinguished Service Cross, the OakLeaf Cluster, and the Purple Heart.Mr. and Mrs. James Daniel Harvey announce the engagement oftheir daughter, Jean, '43, to WalterRay Hepner, '43, son of PresidentWalter Ray Hepner, '19, of the StateCollege at San Diego, California, andMrs. Hepner (Frances Keating, '11).Young Mr. Hepner is a medical student in the Naval Reserve studyingat U. of C. Jean is a Chicago JuniorLeague member and their interest insailing brought the two together. RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING & DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMonroe 3192STENOTYPYLearn new, speedy machine shorthand. Leeseffort, no cramped fingers or nervous fatigue.Also other courses: Typing, Bookkeeping,Comptometry, etc. Day or evening. Visit,writ* or phone for data.Bryant^ Stratumc o ll)e g eIS S. Michigan Ave. Tel. Randolph IS7SThey plan to be married when hegraduates and wins his commission.Mr. and Mrs. Harold Korn of 995Fifth Avenue, New York, announcethe engagement of their daughter;!Phyllis, '43, to Lt. Comdr. VictorGang, MD Rush '37. Phyllis is doing graduate work at New York University and Dr. Gang, after serving inthe South Pacific as flight surgeonwith the Marine Corps, is now attached to the Oakland, California,Naval Hospital. Before entering the"Navy he was house physician atLenox Hill Hospital in New York.MARRIAGESEdna Zeltner, daughter of Mr. andMrs. Louis Zeltner of Brooklyn, NewYork, to Bernard Mortimer, '22, PhD'26, of Chicago and Joliet, on November 21, 1943. Dr. Zeltner receivedher AB at Brooklyn College, didgraduate work at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, and atpresent is a member of the residentstaff of the Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago.Betty Williams Starbuck, '25, to A.Kenneth Madison, on December 8,' 1943. Their address is 4220 PearlStreet, Jacksonville, Florida.Elbert L. Little, PhD '29, to RubyR. Rice in Washington, D. C, onAugust 14, 1943. In November theymoved to Bogota, Colombia. He spentsix months in 1943 in Ecuador andCosta Rica as senior dendrologistwith the Latin American Forest Resources Project of the U. S. ForestService. While in Ecuador he madea collection of the important foresttrees of western Ecuador. Then hewas transferred to the Foreign Economic ABministration as senior botanist. He is now making surveys inColombia, locating cinchona in connection with the bark procurementprogram for quinine.Helen Irene Prime, daughter ofTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 31jyirs. Livingstone Prime of Wellesleyjjjlls, Massachusetts, and the late Mr.prime, to Lieut. Forrest S. Drum-mond, '32, JD '34, son of Mr. andj^rs. Stuart L. Drummond of Elmhurst, Illinois, on November 20, 1943,at the Little Church Around the .Corner in New York City. The bridejs a graduate of Wellesley.Isabelle Minick, '34, daughter offy[r. and Mrs. John Jacob Minick ofWashington, Iowa, and Lt. FrancisX. Downey of New York City weremarried last November in the LadyChapel of St. Patrick's Cathedral,New York. The bride is a graduateof the National College of Educationin Evanston and did graduate workon the Quadrangles. Lt. Downeygraduated from Fordham College andColumbia Law School, and enteredservice in November, 1942.Ellen Rita Gilmore, '35, to John A.McShane on July 17, 1943. Theyare at home in Chicago.Eleanor Loveman "Kempner, '35,daughter of Mr. and Mrs. David W.Kempner of Memphis, Tennessee,was married on March 19 to Lt.Daniel Lewis Gutman in Memphis.The bride is with the American RedCross military welfare service andLt. Gutman is stationed at Dyers-burg, Tennessee, with the Army AirForces. He is a graduate of Columbia University ajid the HarvardGraduate School of Business Administration and was connected with Lehman Brothers in New York and theWar Production Board in Washington before entering the service.Lillian Hayman, '35, MBA '41, toLeon Kanegis in Washington, D. C,on March 4. At home: 1319 Columbia Road, N. W., Washington, D. C.Demetria Ann Hamilton, daughterof Mr. and Mrs. Christie P. Hamilton of Plainfield, New Jersey, toAlden R. Loosli, '37, on February 19at Plainfield. The bride is a graduateof Vassar in the class of 1937. LoosliBLACKSTONEHALLanExclusive Women's Hotelin theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering Graceful Living to University and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALL5748 TelephoneBlackstone Ave. Plaza 3313Verna P. Werner, Director is with the American Cyanamid andChemical Corporation, New York.Norma Needham to Ralph .E. Walton, AM '41, on March 4. He is withthe New York State School for Boys,Orange County.Mary Kathryn Toft, '42, to DavidT. Petty, '43, on December 19, 1943,at Chicago. He is a V-12 medicalstudent at Northwestern. At home:5514 Blackstone Avenue, Chicago.Marjory R. Goodman, '43, to Capt.Martin Levit, '40, of the MarineCorps, on March 10 at ShakerHeights, Ohio.Erica C. Muller, '43, was marriedto M. Weinberg in September, 1943.They are living at 5220 South Drexel,Chicago.Jane Moran, '43, to Lieut. ClaytonTraeger, '42, a fighter pilot of theMarine Air Corps, on February 16 atthe Presbyterian Church in Berwyn.The Traegers drove to San Diegoafter the wedding, but do not expectto be located there for long. Jane reports the housing situation in SanDiego isn't so bad; they found a wonderful hotel the first day right on theocean. "We are both getting tan,"she reports. "That is, C. T. is tan;I'm more pink."Betty Lou Leviton, '44, to EdwardI. Elisberg, on March 26 in Chicago.He is in the Naval Reserve attendingmedical school.DEATHSThe following deaths have beenreported among those having MD degrees from Rush Medical College:Elverton E. Major, '78, on Novem-BEFORE AFTER20 Years' ExperienceFREE CONSULTATIONLOTTIE A. METCALFEELECTROLYSIS EXPERTGraduate NurseMultiple 20 platinum needles can beused. Permanent removal of Hair fromFace, Eyebrows, Back of Neck or anypart of Body; destroys 200 to 600 HairRoots per hour.Removal of Facial Veins, Moles andWarts.Member American Asm. Medical Hydrology andPhysical Therapy, Also Electrologists Associationof Illinois$1.75 per Treatment for HairTelephone FRA 4885Suite 1705. Stevens Bldg.17 No. State St.Perfect Loveliness Is Wealth in Beauty ber 12, 1943, in Los Angeles; GeorgeWashington Nihart, '83, on October16, 1943, at his home in Petosky^Michigan; George Deacon, '85, ofPasadena, on May 23, 1943; JamesGrassick, '85, of Grand Forks, N. D.,on December 19, 1943, age 93; FelixS. J. Bessette, '89, in Chicago on December 22, 1943; Archibald E. Freer,'91, on November 29, 1943, in Chicago; N. Merritt Moore, '95, onOctober 24, 1943, in Rock Island,Illinois; Horatio A. Brown, '09, ofJackson, Michigan, on December 19,1943; Walter H. Buhling, '00, of Chicago, on January 15.Harry V. Church, '94, suddenly onMarch 9 in Seattle where he hadbeen doing war work with Boeing.Mr. Church became principal of Morton High School in Cicero soon afterhis graduation from the Universityand saw the school grow from an enrollment of 50 students to over 8,500.He left Morton in 1933 and took upduties as secretary-treasurer of theDepartment of Secondary SchoolPrinciples of the National EducationAssociation, retiring from that position last summer. Mr. Church is survived by his wife and five children,four of whom hofd U. of C. degrees:Dorothy Church Weick, '22; Phil,'23; John, MD '38; and Harry Victor,Jr., PhD '40.In Redlands, California, on December 13, 1943, the Rev. FrancisC. R. Jackson, DB '97, age 73. A native of Elkhorn, Wisconsin, he hadresided in Redlands for a year and ahalf. •Morton A. Mergentheim, '99, AM'00, Chicago lawyer, on July 14, 1943.His son, Morton, Jr., is a private inthe Army at Camp Wolters, Texas.Helen Carmody Smith, '00, onJune 18, 1943, in Chicago, whereshe had been a school principal formany years. She was the mother ofDaniel C. Smith, '37, JD '40, of Chicago.Albert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau formen and women in all kinds of teachingpositions. Large and alert College andState Teachers' College departments forDoctors and Masters; forty per cent of ourbusiness. Critic and Grade Supervisors forNormal Schools placed every year in large^numbers; excellent opportunities. Specialteachers of Home Economics, Business Administration, Music, and Art, secure finepositions through us every year. PrivateSchools in all parts of the country amongour best patrons; good salaries. Well prepared High School teachers wanted for cityand suburban High Schools. Special man-$ ager handles Grade and Critic work. Sendfor folder today.32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMacCormac School ofCommerceBusiness Administration and SecretarialTrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESAccredited by the National Association of Accredited Commercial Schools.1170 E. 63rd St. H. P. 21.30POND LETTER SERVICEEverything in LettersHo oven TypewritingMultigraphingAddressograph ServiceHighest Quality ServiceAll PhonesHarrison 81 18 MimeographingAddressingMailingMinimum Prices418 So. Market St.ChicagoFrank C. Brown, AM '02, PhD '09,on June 3, 1943. Professor Brownwas head of the English departmentat Duke University.Lulu Just Rothery, '04, on June 22,1943. Mrs. Rothery had been livingat Scituate, Mass.Suddenly on March 4 from a heartattack, Judge David W. Moffat, '05,chief justice of the Utah SupremeCourt.L. Charles Raiford, PhD '09, onJanuary 8 at the age of 71. He hadbeen professor of chemistry at theUniversity of Iowa for many years.Mrs. Charles H. Lapham (LoraNormington, '09) of Dixon, Illinois,on October 26, 1943.Tilden H. Stearns, JD '11, of Boston, Massachusetts, on December 24,1943.Lillie Hedeen Zimmerman, '12,daughter of the late Olof Hedeen ofthe Divinity School, on October 28,1942, at her home in Chicago. Mrs.Zimmerman before her marriage washead of the foreign language department at the Waukegan High School.At the time of her death she was adistinguished civic leader, a prominent member of the Baptist Women'sUnion, the American Daughtersof Sweden, and the Beverly HillsWoman's Club.John T. Lister, '13, AM '16, PhD'19, on January 4 at Wooster, Ohio,after a long career of teaching. Mr.Lister was born in Indiana, where heattended country school, preparatoryschool, and Butler College beforecoming to the U. of C. After teaching experience at Eureka, ColoradoState Teachers College, Olivet, andNorthwestern, he went to Wooster in1919 as head of the Spanish department, remaining in that capacity untilhis retirement about three years ago.Unwilling to be inactive, he . took up teaching in Mississippi and Kentuckyand later returned to his home inWooster. Prior to his fatal illness hehad been employed on a war job.While at Butler Mr. Lister distinguished himself in the classroom aswell as on the athletic field and wasa member of the football team forfour years. He was also a weightthrower. His niece, Ivah L. Finstad,of Bixby, South Dakota, in reportingMr. Lister's death wrote that shereceived her BS the same time he received the MS, and that she wasvisiting him when he brought homehis C blanket, which she now has inher possession.On February 28 at her residencein Washington, D. C, Gertrude VanHoesen, '13, for many years a member of the faculty of the University'sCollege of Education. She is survivedby her sisters, Dr. Elizabeth N., JaneC, and Margaret, all of Washington,and a brother, Harold M., of Chicago. She was a charter member ofthe American Association of University Women and of the Zonta Club.Lehi E. Cluff, '13, on April 21,1943. Mr. Cluff was a practicingattorney of Salt Lake City.Elsie G. Perce, '13, on July 27,1943, at Anderson, Indiana, whereLEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyde Park 9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERSTANDARDBOILER and TANK CO.524 WEST 42nd STREETTelephone BOUIevard 5886HIGHEST RATED IN UNITED STATESENGRAVERS— SINCE 1906 + WORK DONE BY ALL PROCESSES ++ ESTIMATES GLADLY FURNISHED ++ ANY PUBLISHER OUR REFERENCE +RAYNERF• DALHEIM &CO.Z05A W. LAKE ST., CHICAGO. La Touraine Coffee Co.IMPORTERS AND ROASTERS OFLA TOURAINECOFFEE AND TEA209-13 MILWAUKEE AVE., CHICAGOat Lake and Canal Sts.Phone State 1350Boston — New York-— Philadelphia— SyracuseAjax Waste Paper Co.2600-2634 W. Taylor St.Buyers of Any QuantityWaste PaperScrap Metal and IronFor Prompt Service CallMr. B. Shedroff, Van Buren 0230she was an English teacher at thehigh school.Stauntori E. Boudreau, JD '15, St.Louis attorney, on August 12, 1943.Edwin M. Bruce, SM '16, on October 3, 1943. He had retired fromteaching chemistry at the IndianaState Teachers College, Terre Haute.On October 7, 1943, at her homein Burlington, Iowa, Harriet AliceWarren, '16, AM '20. She had taughtLatin in the high school at Burlington for a number of years.Arthur C. J. Carlson, '16, on November 4, 1943. Mr. Carlson wasconnected with the Pacific MutualLife Insurance Company in Chicago.Arthur T. Evans, PhD '18, head ofthe botany department at MiamiUniversity, Oxford, Ohio, on October6, 1943, at the age of 55. ,Angeline Freeman Kitson, AM '18,of Brookline, Massachusetts, on October 11, 1943.In New Orleans on July 11, 1943,Julie F. Koch, AM '19. Miss Kochhad taught in the Roosevelt andCleveland High Schools of St. Louisfor some years.Anne W. Waters, '19, of Birmingham, Alabama, on June 20, 1943.She had been a mathematics teacherat Phillips High School in that city.Frank F. Wagoner, '22, MD Rush'25, on November 4, 1943, in Chicago, where he had practiced medicine for some time.Adda Tobias, '26, of Stevens Point,Wisconsin, the latter part of May,1943. She had been teaching thereat the Central State Teachers College.Mrs. D. B. Lesser (Minnie Aga-zium, '30) on September 1, 1943, inChicago, where she had made herresidence.Adam Edgar Sherrod, '33, principal of the junior high school atJohnson City, Tennessee, in JulY'1943.[Continued from inside front cover)one they had always repeated withhim.I should like to have his friendsknow about the last days of this unpretentious, brave, generous man.Percy H. BoyntonWinter Park, FloridaITALIAN IMPRESSIONSWith all sincerity I submit an enclosed paper on my impressions ofItaly, with reference to the averageItalian's education, opportunities,standard of living, and our actions intheir behalf.The points declared are few andtheir explanation condensed. I sincerely hope they can be printed in aUniversity publication to be broughtto the attention of those University ofChicago citizens who may, with reading, be helped to understand what wein Italy see before our eyes.IMPRESSIONSFrom my experiences in southernItaly, with the visage of the limitedspan of my experience, I bring forththese points.The Italians are predominantlylittle better than paupers. A chosenfew live with an abundance of wealthand power. Perhaps there does exista middle class, but if so, it is almostnegligible. Consequently, the unfortunate lack of education, coupledwith poverty, allows easy swaying ofthe masses, to whichever side has themost bread or the best propaganda.Today the Americans are held in esteem. We often hear from them,'Americano molto buono." This isbecause we pay exorbitant prices fortheir products, give away candy,cigarettes, etc. They are playing theAmerican soldiers for suckers.My points are these: To give thesepeople, or any similar people, largegifts of food, clothing, supplies, etc.,is a mistake; what they are given inaddition to medical supplies, food,etc., of which they may have vitalneed now, in sensible quantities, theymust repay. This is necessary because their standards of living are solow a modest gift would last a longwhile and thus lead to less work andtheir expectance of more.Their work is largely agrarian,their education notoriously inadequate, and their homes and mode oflife primitive. Thus, without leadership of a democratic kind, they caneasily be subjugated and led, as hasbeen demonstrated.The wretched condition underwhich they live by itself cannot spurthem on. They must be taught towork, to learn, to live cleanly and modernly. (Witness the condition ofmodern housing projects after a shortoccupation by people who have comefrom the "slums.")Thus let us not make the mistakeof judging any primitive people,speaking in terms of opportunity,standard of living, and education, byourselves and consequently givingthem succor indiscriminately; let usattempt to help provide them withdemocratic leadership, and finally letus remember that they have had adifferent life and must learn withtime how to enjoy a high standard ofliving.Lieut. Glenn L. Pierre, '41ItalyANTHROPOLOGIST IN BRAZILAt the present moment I am seatedat a typewriter somewhere in thesouth of Mato Grosso, Brazil, takingmate as I write. As you probablyknow, I was fortunate enough to receive a Junior Roosevelt Fellowshipfrom the Institute of InternationalEducation for study in Brazil. I leftMiami and traveled to Brazil via thewest coast of South America. Because of crowded travel conditions itwas necessary for me to stay in Cali,Colombia, for four days, in Lima,Peru, for three days, and to travelout of my way to Rio, via BuenosAires. The journey ordinarily takesfour days, but I was thirteen days intransit and had the opportunity ofseeing more than one ordinarily seeswhen traveling by air.The principal thing which Jim andI wanted to accomplish during ourperiod of study here was some fieldwork, with the idea of getting ma-. terial for Ph.D. theses. We are at theIndian village of Cerro Peron between the towns of Uniao and NhuVera (south of Ponta Pora) in thevery south of the state of MatoGrosso near the Paraguayan border.We are quite comfortably settled.Our two buildings are small two-room affairs, with dirt floors, splitbamboo walls and thatch roofs. Wekeep chickens for an egg supply andhave made a small garden for thepurpose of supplementing our supplyof vitamins (at the present time thesupply is in pill form). The vegetables which we planted are mostcommon to Americans: onions, radishes, carrots, and beets. You will besurprised, I am sure, when I tell youthat the ten-year-old son of our cookhad never heard of the last three.The birds, animals, and bugs hereare very different from those we knewin the States, and therefore are very interesting to us. From our point ofview the bugs are not only differentbut rather disagreeable at times. Theflea is very common in Brazil and foreigners usually suffer greatly fromflea bites during their first fewmonths. Flea bites seem to poisonme and so you can imagine thescratching I was doing a few weeksago when I counted 175 bites on oneleg. This in spite of the fact that wesun our blankets daily, change clothescontinually, and have used a lot offlea powder.Our work with the Indians is goingvery nicely and we hope to accomplishall we had intended to accomplishOur main interest is in the economiclife of the people, but we are, ofcourse, also learning quite thoroughlyabout the culture in general. Theother night I participated in my firstnative dance. This is the time of theyear when the Indians are clearingtheir fields preparatory to plantingand to accomplish this end it is common to have cooperative work parties to complete the work morequickly and efficiently. After thework in any one field is completedthe host gives a party which usuallyconsists of an all-night dance at whichmuch chicha — a native fermenteddrink made of corn, potatoes, andmandioca — is drunk. Here thewomen dance together and the mendance together and* the childrendance together. There are some exceptions: widows may dance with themen for they "have no husbands whowill be jealous"; little children sometimes dance with the grown-ups, andwomen sometimes enter the children'sgroup. Most amazing at first is thesight of a woman, with her babysucking at her breast, dancing alongwith the other women. The dancesthemselves are composed of simplesteps, very rhythmic and accompanied by the singing of the members ofthe group. During the rest periodsthe chicha is drunk. I had some andalthough the taste is rather good, thefact that I had seen the women masticating the cooked corn and thenspitting it back into the chicha to aidfermentation, prevented me fromthoroughly enjoying the drink. Aboutmid-night people begin to tire andgroups form around the fires to chat.The gathering breaks up at dawn ora little after.When we will return to the Statesis uncertain at the present time, butwe intend to be in Chicago for Ph.D„work eventually.Virginia Drew Watson, A.M. '43Brazil, S. A.Every branch of the Armed Services uses the telephone. No. 10 of a Series. General Staff.jTXt Field Headquarters sits a staff officer— telephoning. In his hands, this familiarinstrument, now a weapon of war, controls the striking power of our forcesin the whole area of combat. Over it flow the orders that will drive backthe enemy till the final order— "Cease Firing"— is flashed to every front.Western ElectricIN PEACE. ..SOURCE OF SUPPLY FDR THE BELL SYSTEMIN WAR. ..ARSENAL OF COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT Won't YOU help themlead our men to Victory?The ablest officers and the bravestmen can win this war only with j**rfull support. They must ha»e weapons, food, supplies— mote and mmand MORE of them. Make sure the?get them. Buy War Bonds, mmWat Bonds and STILL MORE!