THE UNIVERSITYOFCHICAGO MAGAZINEJ U N 19 4 2THE ALUMNI MEDALISTSThe Alumni Medal is awarded for distinguished achievements in one's business orprofession or for outstanding accomplishment in civic or community activities.The Alumni Secretary submits to the Alumni Council nominations received fromthe alumni clubs or individual alumni. The Council, after drawing up the list, sends itto the Advisory Committee on Alumni Relations (a faculty group) for final approval.ROBERT L. HENRY, JR.Mr. Henry's University of Chicago career includes the bachelor's degree, taken in 1902,and the J.D., 1908. He was at Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar from 1904 to 1907, and in thelatter year took his B.C.L. Much later (1926) Oxford gave him the honorary degree of D.C.L.From 1907, when he returned from Oxford, to 1916, he was professor or dean of law invarious universities in this country. During World War I he served as instructor in officerstraining camps at Fort Sheridan and Camp Grant. In 1920 he was appointed a member ofthe Board of Contract Adjustment of the War Department. The following year he spent atOxford as lecturer. In 1922 he was appointed judge of the Mixed Court at Alexandria,Egypt, and in 1941, presiding judge. Perhaps at this point, for the benefit of non-legal members of the audience, I should mention that the word "mixed" here has no bearing on thestate of mind of the sitting judges, but is used to describe a kind of court sometimes found inoriental countries which has jurisdiction over law suits between foreigners and Egyptians, orbetween foreigners of different nationalities. Judge Henry's special field is contracts and hehas written books on the subject.IVAN LEE HOLTAfter a bachelor's degree at Vanderbilt University, Mr. Holt came to the University ofChicago for graduate work, taking his Ph.D. in 1909. Since then many institutions haveconferred honorary degrees upon him: D.D., LL.D., Litt.D., and S.T.D.He is a distinguished theologian but not theologian only. His career has been one of theutmost variety and range, and when he resigned as pastor of the University Church in St.Louis in 1938 to become bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church in charge of conferencesin Texas and South America, he brought to his episcopal office an administrative skill derivedfrom long experience in a score of church and inter-church activities. As bishop he neededthat experience and that skill. Everyone knows what trouble may develop in a single churchon a city corner. Multiply that corner by the State of Texas and throw in South Americaand you may arrive at some idea of the magnitude and complexity of Bishop Holt's task. Butall this he takes in stride, even finds time to write a few books, contribute articles to magazines,turn up occasionally at the Missouri Athletic Club, attend a Kiwanis luncheon, or (presumablyin more peaceful times) as a delegate of the Federal Council of Churches visit China andother eastern countries. Here surely is an example of that type of map of whom Horacespoke: homo teres, homo sapiens.ANDREW C. IVYMr. Carl Beck may know other examples of the quadruplex alumnus, but Mr. Ivy is thefirst that I have met. For beginning with a bachelor's degree in 1916, he went on to amaster's degree in 1917, a Ph.D. in 1919, and an M.D. (Rush College) in 1922. He wasalso an instructor in physiology here in 1917 and from 1919 to 1925 an associate professor.The two years from 1917 to 1919 he was in the United States Army. He is now head of theDivision of Physiology and Pharmacology in the Northwestern University Medical School.He has been or is fellow or chairman or president of innumerable physiological or medicalsocieties, including the Gorgas Medical Society, the Chicago Institute of Medicine, and theAmerican Physiological Society. In the last year (1941) of his presidency of the AmericanPhysiological Society, he was also president of the American Gasterological Association and amember of its editorial board. He ranks as one of the distinguished physiologists of thecountry.The fact that we have through him enriched the faculty of a neighboring institution doesindeed give us all a thrill of altruistic exaltation, but that thrill in our less spiritual momentsis more than modified by the upward surge of the question: Why in the world did we everlet him go?HARRY A. MILLISI was very much disappointed when a telegram from Mr. Millis informed me that he wasineluctably held in Washington and could not be here today. He had hoped to come, and sokeenly does he feel his inability to be present that he tells me in his telegram that he is sendingto the Alumni Foundation an addition to his 1942 contribution amounting to the cost of atrip from Washington to Chicago and return.Mr. Millis is a double alumnus, having taken his master's and doctor's degrees here.After serving as professor of economics in three or four universities, including Leland Stanfordand Kansas, he was appointed professor here in 1916 and from 1928 to 1938 was chairmanof the department.He is especially interested in labor economics, and has a genius for arbitration. He waschairman of the board of arbitration of the men's clothing industry in Chicago from 1919 to1923 and again from 1937 to 1940. He was a member of the National Labor Relations Boardfrom 1934 to 1935, and in 1940 he went to Washington as its chairman. He is still there.His best-known book is that on labor economics, written with the collaboration of R. E.Montgomery and published by the University of Chicago Press.THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEPUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI COUNCILCHARLTON T. BECKEditor HOWARD W. MORTAssociate Editor WILLIAM P. SCHENKAssistant EditorDAVID DAICHES, DON MORRIS, CODY PFANSTIEHL Contributing EditorsTHE COVER: The massive westtower of Harper Memorial Library.Students from schools all over theUnited States will know it well thissummer, and will cherish it as a landmark of study and peace.A REUNION highlight was thepresentation of the alumni citations and medals on Saturday afternoon, June 13. Alumni will meet themedal winners on the facing page;the citation winners are introducedon the inside back cover.TELESCOPES, too, are pointedinto the night sky. On earth,anti-aircraft officers are not the onlymen busy with delicate calculations.But the astronomers who bring downstars bombardiers never see are notunaffected by the war. Some have avery important — if also very secret —part in it; the pure research of others— but read an expert's account in"Stars and the War" in this issue.Otto Struve, the author, is professorof astrophysics and director of Yerkesand McDonald Observatories.THE EDITORS are grateful tothe American Council on Education for permission to print theaddresses by alumnus Homer P.Rainey, president of the University ofTexas, and William P. Tolley, president of Allegheny College. Thepapers were read before the twenty-fifth annual meeting of the AmericanCouncil on Education at the StevensHotel in Chicago on May 2, 1942. THIS MONTHTABLE OF CONTENTSJUNE, 1942PageStars and the War, Otto Struve 3The Devaluation of the Educational Currency, Homer P. Rainey . 6A Counterfeit Bachelor's Degree,William Pearson Tolley 7Letter to Little Julie,Milton Mayer 8A Study of War, Brownlee Haydon. . 9Notes for a Dilettante,David Daiches 11Friends of the Library,M. Llewellyn Raney 12One Man's Army, Cody Pfanstiehl... 14News of the Quadrangles 16Reunion Review 18Athletics, Don Morris 19News of the Classes 25Index for Volume 34 32They will be printed in the Educational Record, which, as the Council'sofficial journal, owns all rights to theirpublication.A LITTLE GIRL named JulieMayer asked her father a question not so long ago. It wasn't exactly a hard question, but neitherwas it a very easy question. The little girl's father, who is named MiltonMayer, thought and thought. Heliked to answer questions — especiallywhen little Julie asked them. And hehad written lots of articles for magazines, and those articles had mademany people ask questions. Finallyhe decided that he would answer hisown little girl's question in this Magazine. So he wrote little Julie a letter.You will like it. QUINCY WRIGHT, professor ofinternational law, has just completed his monumental A Study ofWar. Brownlee Haydon, who makesno attempt to review the two volumes,does tell some of the story of whatwent into their laborious making.NAVAL NOTES increasingly accent the Quadrangle scene. Professors pause while signalmen pass.Bugle calls float over Bartlett, andsix new flag-masts are rigged in thefield behind Sunny gym. DavidDaiches, assistant professor of English,seems to have felt the tug of the sea.It is reflected in the chantey rhyme-scheme he chose for his Universityautobiography in his notes this month.HOW he made so imposing an increase in the holdings of theUniversity Libraries is soon-to-retireDirector M. Llewellyn Raney' s secret.He reveals some of it in his articleon the group which so ably helpedhim.PRIVATES, Cody Pfanstiehl explains in a postscript to the editors, take turns at K.P., one school-class at a time. And it isn't punishment; there wouldn't be enough K.P.'sif it were.WHAT is the correlation betweenthe sports in which Universityathletes starred and their present rankin the armed forces? Don Morris considers this question from several anglesin his column this month.Published by the Alumni Council of the University of Chicago monthly, from October to June. Office of Publication, 5733 University Avenue,Chicago. Annual subscription price $2.00. Single copies 25 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934, at the Post Office at Chicago,Illinois, under the act of March 3, 1879. The Graduate Group, Inc., 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City, is the official advertising agency of theUniversity of Chicago Magazine.. . . The alumni have supported the University in allthis, notably the thirteen alumni on the Board of Trustees and the Regional Advisers and those active in theAlumni Foundation. It is unnecessary for me to addthat in these times, with great confusion in educationand great financial uncertainty, we need these twoalumni organizations as never before. I express mygratitude to them and to all of you who over and overagain have labored and sacrificed for the greatnessand glory of your Alma Mater.From President Hutchins' Remarks at the Alumni AssemblyVOLUME XXXIV THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINE NUMBER 9JUNE, 1942STARS AND THE WARThe University's astronomersare ready to meet morethan one challengeAT THE dedication of the McDonald Observatorythree years ago, it was my privilege to remind thedistinguished audience which had gathered in thelarge dome on Mount Locke in western Texas that theopening year of our new observatory also marked thecompletion of a century of research for two greatobservatories: Harvard in the United States and Pulkovoin Russia. Within the past eight months the observatoryat Pulkovo has been destroyed in the fighting nearLeningrad. A picture taken since the invaders werethrown back on the northern front in Russia shows onlyruins of domes and twisted iron where powerful telescopes were once trained on the stars. The famousastronomer, Benjamin Gould, once called the PulkovoObservatory the astronomical capital of the world. Ithad the largest and the best telescopes then in existenceand its astronomers, recruited from all parts of the world,created that framework of accurate star positions uponwhich rested some of the greatest advances of the nineteenth century in the discovery and interpretation ofthe laws of our universe.To us in the United States, the destruction of Pulkovois a symbol and a challenge. It is a symbol of the factthat the astronomical capital of the world is now in theUnited States — not, perhaps, at any single observatorybut at all the leading observatories: Mount Wilson, Lick,Harvard, Yerkes, and McDonald. It is a challenge,because upon our shoulders now rests the entire responsibility for preserving the knowledge accumulated atPulkovo and at other observatories in Europe, and foradding to it.How are we prepared to meet this challenge? Ibelieve the University of Chicago has reason to beproud of the manner in which it can answer this question. Three great developments have taken place in thepast ten years. We have been given adequate instru- • By OTTO STRUVEmental facilities, we have built up a staff which iscompetent to carry on research from the taking of aphotograph to the construction of a new theory, andwe have developed a greatly improved medium for thepublication of our results.We have the finest instruments that have ever beenbuilt. One of my colleagues told me a few days agothat the 82-inch reflector at McDonald, though inferiorin size and light-gathering power to the Mount Wilson100-inch, is far more efficient and easy to operate. Withit and with the help of quartz or glass prisms we havetaken some ten thousand photographs in the past threeyears. These photographs have already led to someinteresting discoveries. For example, Professor GerardP. Kuiper has found that there exists in our galaxy ahitherto unknown species of stars which have relativelylow luminosities and fairly large masses. For some asyet mysterious reason, these "subdwarfs" have extraordinarily large velocities through space, of the order of onehundred or more kilometers per second. Or, to cite justone more example, I might mention a result with whichProfessor Polydore Swings and I have been concerned.We had known for some time that many stars, especiallythose whose surface temperatures are very high, rotaterapidly around their axis. While it takes the sun awhole month to complete one revolution, Altair, thoughtwice as large as the sun, takes only seven hours. Wehave now found that sorne stars whirl around so rapidlythat they lose matter at the equator through the actionof the centrifugal force. We actually see before our eyes(through the medium of the spectrograph and the photographic plate) the unraveling of the process of evolutionTIRE RATIONING has created a special problemfor the astronomers of the McDonald Observatory. The nearest shops are located seventeen milesfrom the observatory and the nearest movies ordrugstores are forty-two miles away. But theastronomers and their wives do not need to hikeunder the Texas sky. They use the mode of transportation so indispensable to their historic predecessors in the Lone Star State — the saddle horse.34 THE UNIVERSITY OFthrough the formation of rings, which was proposed byLa Place in 1796 in his celebrated nebular hypothesis.Though this hypothesis had long ago been disproved inso far as it attempted to explain the origin of the planets,the formation of gaseous rings through rotational instability is now an established fact.It is fortunate that the administration of the Universityof Chicago had the foresight in 1932 to provide, throughits plan of collaboration with the University of Texas, theinstrumental facilities which have enabled our astronomers to obtain their results. We trust that the Universityof Texas may derive equal satisfaction from the realization that its equipment, installed at one of the mostsuitable mountain sites, has been successful beyond ourfondest hopes. To President Rainey, his board of regents,and his faculty go our sincere thanks for the undiminishedsupport which they have given us during the three yearsof the observatory's existence. Because the collaborationof Texas and Chicago was so successful, we entered ayear ago into an agreement with the University ofIndiana, which makes their astronomy department anactive partner in the utilization of the great telescope.Even more important than to have powerful telescopesis to have competent astronomers. We needed men touse the instruments intelligently and we needed othermen whose training and inclinations fitted them for thetask of developing important theories upon the basis ofaccurate observations. Although America has producedsome of the greatest theoreticians in the field of celestialmechanics, men like Hill or Moulton, it has always beendeficient in good theoretical astrophysicists. Before thefirst World War theoretical astrophysics was largelyconcentrated in Germany. After 1918 the center ofactivity shifted to England, where Eddington, Milne, andothers built up the famous Cambridge and Oxford school CHICAGO MAGAZINEof astrophysicists. To produce only observations is whatPresident Hutchins rightly calls "gadgeteering." Toproduce only theories is likely to leave the theorist without a supply of facts to build upon. We wanted bothobservers and theorists. We had some of the former andwe supplemented our ranks by bringing to our facultyKuiper from Holland and Swings from Belgium. Wehad no theorists and we lacked the money and timeto train our men from the bottom. We decided to bringthe best available men from abroad. Chandrasekharfrom India, Randers from Norway, and Stroemgren fromDenmark (who has since returned to Copenhagen) havegiven us the strongest group of theoretical workers inthe world.When President Harper organized the University ofChicago he wisely provided money for the publicationof research. In 1895 the Astrophysical Journal made itsappearance under the editorship of George Ellery Hale,the first director of the Yerkes Observatory. Since thenninety-five volumes have been published by the University of Chicago Press. The journal has gradually becomerecognized the world over as the most important scholarlypublication in the field of astronomical physics andspectroscopy. It now regularly prints the contributionsof the five greatest American observatories; its boardof editors consists of representatives of all five. By controlling the policies of the journal and by providinggenerous financial assistance, the University has not onlymade an important contribution to science but has madeAmerica independent of other countries in the publication of astronomical research. A few years ago, withthe enthusiastic support of Gordon J. Laing, then editorof the Press, the Astrophysical Journal started a seriesof monographs. Previously about 90 per cent of allastrophysical monographs, encyclopedic volumes, andadvanced textbooks appeared in Germany. With therise of Hitler this presented a serious danger. While itis true that one of the best textbooks, which incidentallyis free of any politcal bias, appeared in Germany in1939 (by Unsold), the interference of the Germangovernment in such matters as university appointmentsmade it desirable to develop in the United States adequate media for the publication of monographs andtextbooks. Our series meets this demand to some extent.But it is not sufficient, and we shall have to make aneffort to provide within the next few years severaladvanced textbooks in addition to the monographs.On the whole, then, we are well prepared to face thefuture. When I stand on the balcony of the greatsilvery dome on Mount Locke I can see in the distantsouth the sharp outlines of a mountain range, 130 milesAir raid shelter for the 82-inch McDonald mirror. Thelarge iron container, originally intended as an aluminiz-ing chamber for the great disk, will protect it from fragments but not from the direct hit of a demolition bomb.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 5McDonald Observatory crowns 6,79 1 -foot Mount Locke ina portion of Texas termed "the last frontier of America."Inside, under the dome which has not yet been camouflaged,the University's staff works on new frontiers in science.away, in old Mexico. America has traveled a long waysince those days in 1916 when a neighboring ranch wasransacked by guerilla troops which had crossed the RioGrande from Mexico. We are now at peace with ourneighbors to the south. Only three months ago wehelped them dedicate their own new astrophysical observatory at the foot of towering Mount Popocatepetl.Three years ago Senor Joaquin Gallo, director of the oldobservatory in Mexico City, came to our celebration atthe McDonald Observatory.Although we are at war our dome has not been camouflaged. But we have taken certain precautions againstair raids. The 82-inch mirror is the observatory's mostvaluable possession. To safeguard it we have hoistedthrough the shutters into the dome a large iron containeroriginally intended as an aluminizing chamber. It nowserves the additional purpose of an air raid shelter forthe mirror. It will not protect against direct hits ofdemolition bombs but fragments will not penetratethrough its thick walls.In the meantime the work is steadily going on. Someof it is of direct military importance and cannot berevealed. But most of it will not help us win this war.Its value is cultural, and it is intended to increase ourknowledge of the laws of nature. In this sense it mayhelp us win the next war, or better still, prevent italtogether. To astronomers who, as physical scientists, are close enough to the heroic war effort of our colleaguesin the physics department to understand it, but who are(with few exceptions) not sufficiently trained in thepractical work required by the# government to activelyparticipate in it, this remote recognition of their usefulness in a country at war will give little solace.Nevertheless, we must take courage from the wordsof George Ellery Hale, spoken in the year 1917.There remain to be considered the great majority of astronomers whose duty and privilege it will be to carry forwardtheir investigations during the period of the war. Recent events,both in Europe and the United States, have emphasized in thestrongest manner the dignity and importance of scientific research. The tendency shown by some critics of limited viewto measure the importance of research in terms of its immediateapplicability to practical affairs is not justified by the facts.On the contrary, it is certainly fair to say that no science hasdone more for the world than astronomy. This is not chieflybecause of its determination of the time, or the system of navigation it has developed, fundamentally important though thesebe. It is rather because of the sweeping change in humanthought that astronomy has wrought and is still effecting, andthe stimulating influence of the oldest of the sciences uponother sciences of later development. But I need not dwell ona theme which has been so luminously developed by Poincare inLa Valeur de Science. In his demonstration of the importanceof astronomy to the world we find ample justification for thework we are doing, and the strongest encouragement to continue its pursuit in the interest of national progress.The second largest in the world, McDonald's reflecting telescope can photograph an object 2,400,000,000,000,000000,000 miles distant; its purpose is the study of thestars as individuals, not as statistical material.THE DEVALUATION OFTHE EDUCATIONAL CURRENCYTHE University of Chicago has knocked the tradi-ditional liberal arts college into a cocked hat. Ithas exploded a bomb shell whose reverberationswill be heard throughout this country for years to come.For many years the liberal college has been under attackboth from without and from within. It has been a sickinstitution. There was a time when it ruled the educational field. Its star was high. It held the keys to alllearning and it was the gateway to all the professions.Its program had come down from antiquity and it wasabout as unchanging as the laws of the Medes and thePersians. By its admission requirements and its requirements for the Bachelor of Arts degree it ruled both higherand secondary education. It required fifteen goodCarnegie Units to enter, and it took four years and 120semester hours of good solid content to get out with itsdegree.But within the last twenty-five years it has been besetby many opponents and detractors. There has been aninsistent demand for a liberalization of its rigid requirements and its stereotyped curriculum. New subjects andnew disciplines have clamored for recognition — first thesciences, then the social sciences, and more recently thefine arts, home economics, and journalism. New professions, such as engineering, were attracting the interests ofstudents, and so the liberal arts college became a pre-professional school. It was "pre" this and "pre" that.And, of course, students had to have credit for all thesecourses because they must have a B.A. degree. And thusthe liberal arts curriculum disintegrated. It disintegratedso completely that one can now get a B.A. degree withany conceivable combination of subject matter — one can"roll his own diploma."But in all that has happened the college has held fastto one stronghold. It has required four years beyondthe high school for its degree. It rationalized its otherdefeats by admitting that disciplines other than Latin,Greek, and mathematics had intellectual value, andgrudgingly made a place for them. These minor modifications did not matter, but the time factor was sacred.For a hundred years we have been substituting a "time"concept of education for a "mastery" concept. There wasa time in American education when one must have mastered a given body of intellectual content before he wasadmitted into the fellowship of the educated. But ouradoption of the graded school idea — a-grade-a-year —changed all this. Between 1830 and 1900 we developedin this country the most hard and fast lock-step school • By HOMER P. RAINEY, A.M. '23, Ph.D. '24system that the world has ever seen. It was based uponeight years of elementary, four years of high school, andfour years of college education. It was the 8-4-4 planof education. Attacks began upon it in the last twodecades of the nineteenth century. The junior high schoolwas the first to make a fundamental and successful attackupon it. By 1910 the junior high school had won a placefor itself, and we then had a 6-3-3 plan of elementaryand secondary education blocked out. But this did notaffect the college. It simply held on to its four yearsbeyond the high school and was not fundamentallyaffected until the rise of the junior college in recentyears. The junior college immediately became a seriousthreat to the senior college. Its success has demonstratedthat the four-year college was not meeting the needs ofyouth, and that there was serious need of reorganizationof higher education as well as of elementary and secondary. But there was no place in the scheme of things fora two-year junior college unit. The only thing it coulddo was to organize itself into an extraneous unit outsideof, and separate from, the high school and college pattern. Its appearance, however, raised many questionsand created numerous problems for both secondary andhigher education. The most fundamental question itraised is: Does it belong to secondary education or tohigher education? Around this question the battle hasraged. Was it fish or fowl? On the one hand it mustbelong to higher education simply because it came afterthe high school and required high school graduation foradmission. The colleges admitted this and began to tryto adopt it. They said, "Oh, we can handle that all right.We will just divide our four years into two divisions andit can become our 'lower division'." And if the separatedjunior colleges would only duplicate in their curriculumthe first two years required by the colleges everythingwould still be all right. The colleges could transfer juniorcollege graduates into their "upper division" without anytrouble, if they could only present sixty good semesterhours of work. They even had no objection to givingsome kind of a diploma — an associate in arts or someother harmless title, in recognition of the completion oftwo years of college work. Their four years and theirB.A. degree were still unscathed and intact.But all the time there have been rumblings and dissatisfaction over this adjustment. There were some cantankerous educators who kept insisting that the juniorcollege belonged to secondary education, and that we(Continued on page 22)6A COUNTERFEITBACHELOR'S DEGREE• By WILLIAM PEARSON TOLLEYHAVING been a warm admirer of PresidentHutchins for many years, and feeling a deepappreciation of the contribution he has made tohigher education in America, I have not been anxiousto participate in a panel discussion on a subject aboutwhich we have such sharply conflicting views. If I havehesitated to accept the assignment because of personaladmiration, perhaps I have also hesitated out of wholesome respect. Those who have met Mr. Hutchins inpublic debate regard him with tenderness and awe, butlike the feelings of the man who admired the changingcolors of the Grand Canyon after a painful ride downand up the canyon on the unyielding back of a burro,the tenderness and awe are not always in the same place.For a long time Mr. Hutchins has been calling ourattention to the confusion that exists in higher education.He has spoken frequently about this and he has persuaded many that the confusion is serious and real.Apparently, however, Mr. Hutchins has spoken with histongue in his cheek. It now appears that the problem isWAR TIMES, when we instinctively begin reappraising the essential ingredients of our civilization, are thetimes to reappraise our educational plan.— Joseph A. Brandt, president of the University ofOklahoma.THE CHICAGO PLAN may have values for Chicago. Time will tell. But for the country as a wholeit is a plan unsound in conception and likely to haveharmful effects to whatever extent it may be adopted.— John L Seaton, president of Albion College.. . . ANOTHER ATTACK has been launched froma different quarter. That attack is implicit in a smallnewspaper announcement to the effect that the University of Chicago, henceforth, will grant its bachelor'sdegree at the end of the sophomore year. It is an attack, the reality of which can easily be overlooked inthese troubled days. Yet in the opinion of PresidentCowley and many others who fully grasp the pattern ofevents, it is an attack which may end forever — or for agreat many years anyway — the liberal arts collegeas we know it today.—An editorial in the May, 1942, "Hamilton Review." not as serious as he has led us to believe. There is confusion, to be sure. There is bad organization and, fromhis point of view, too many four-year colleges. Evidently,however, he no longer sees any important difference infunction between the colleges of liberal arts and the tradeschools, service stations, and elaborate kindergartens thatflourish at the college level. For him, moreover, there isno important difference between high schools and colleges, no significant difference between junior and four-year colleges, no appreciable difference between terminalcourses signifying the completion of vocational trainingand a program of cultural studies designed to widen horizons, open new windows of the mind, provide for thecritical examination of ends and means, sharpen appreciation and taste, and form habits of independent inquiryand reflection. According to Mr. Hutchins, all of thecourses in all of the schools aim at one of two things.Either they are concerned with general education, whichbelongs properly to the secondary school, or with ad-(Continued on page 20)THE CHICAGO PLAN is a plan to prevent thedescent of university specialism into general education. It is an attempt to hew out of the jungle andconfusion of the four-year college two years devotedand dedicated to the ideals of a general education.. . . Any man who fails to distinguish between theends of these two institutions, the college and theuniversity, cannot comprehend the nature of the Chicago Plan.— Joseph J. Schwab, assistant professor of biological sciences in the College of the University of Chicago; from the June, 1942, number of "The AtlanticMonthly."THE STURDINESS of the four-year college is demonstrated by its success in defeating the eleven attempts made upon its life during the past ninetyyears: the five attempts to establish the three-yearcurriculum and the six to divide it in half and apportion the parts to other educational units. Suchstrength against adversity grows from the broadhuman objectives of the college.— W. H. Cowley, president of Hamilton College;from the June, 1942, number of "The AtlanticMonthly."And Others Have Said . . .7LETTER TO LITTLE— and to other children who wantto know why they should go tothe University of ChicagoJune 8, 19421 of EAR LITTLE J ULIE :You say you want toknow why you should go to the University of Chicagowhen you grow up. What makes you think that I cantell you?I can tell you why / went. I went because everyoneelse was going, and because I had to go to college orgo to work, and the idea of going to work simply mademe sick. But mostly I went because everyone else wasgoing.You see, J-bug, things were different when I went tocollege. When I went to college, Calvin Coolidge wasPresident and Will Rogers;was the wisest man in America.Between them they convinced me, and everybody else,that everybody was going to get rich. It went withoutsaying, in those days, that everybody who got rich washappy.But what did that have to do with going to college?Well, I'll tell you. College graduates got rich the fastest.Everybody said so, even though John D. Rockefeller (whonever went to college) got richer faster than anybody,and the college professors (who always went to college)never got rich. But Grandpa wanted me to go to collegebecause he said he didn't want me to go through what hewent through. What he went through was a lifetime ofhard work, and the only way to avoid that, as anybodyknows, is to get rich fast.Everybody, including Grandpa and Calvin Coolidgeand Will Rogers, turned out to be wrong, because here Iam, poor and working hard, and here is everybody else,everybody who went to college and everybody whodidn't, doing the same thing.Now why should you go to college, if you are going tobe poor whether you go or not? I am pretty sure youare going to be poor. I am pretty sure you are going tohave to get along without calves' liver and strawberryshortcake and an automobile and a nickel allowance anda doll that wets its pants just like your little sister Amanda.I am pretty sure you are going to be glad to have a nice,big, round, white vegetable called po-ta-to for supperwhen you grow up. Mind you, I don't know, I just suspect. Calvin Coolidge and Will Rogers and Grandpaturned out to be wrong about my future, and I hope Iturn out to be wrong about yours.But if you can't be sure of getting rich by going tocollege, what can you be sure of getting? The only thingyou can be sure of getting is an education, if you go toa college that gives one. Now what good will an education do you, if you're poor?Let's see. If you have an education, you will be able JULIE• By MILTON MAYERto understand how the world around you came to be theway it is, and how to make it different if you don't likeit the way it is. If you haven't an education, you canstill change the world, but the chances are you will changeit from bad to worse.But, you say, how are you going to have a chance tochange the world when you hope to be as lucky as yourmommy and marry as wonderful a man as your pa andhave a whole lot of wonderful little children like you?You say you're going to be too busy using the soap to usethe soap-box. You say you're going to be a wife andmother.Well, even wives and mothers want to understand theworld. Understanding is fun. There was once a slavewho had understanding, and he had more fun than thefreemen who had no understanding. Even when he waslocked up in a dungeon, without whipped cream (or evenwhipped potatoes) , he never grew bored like the freemenwithout understanding. And when the freemen withoutunderstanding were locked up with him, they cried because they thought freedom was the only thing worthhaving, but the slave still had his understanding. Ofcourse it's best of all to have freedom and understanding.But the thing to remember is that freedom without understanding is boring. And besides, what makes you thinkyou won't have a chance to change the world whenyou're a wife and mother? Did Abe Lincoln's motherchange the world, or didn't she? Do you get me? But,you say, Abe Lincoln's mother didn't go to college, andshe couldn't even write her name. You're right, there.But she had understanding, and if college doesn't helpyou get what Abe Lincoln's mother had, then college isn'tworth going to. Because education, J-bug, is nothing butpractice in understanding.If I can't scare up the tuition money when you'reready to go to college, we'll have to work out some otherway to get understanding. Old Socrates, he just stoodaround on street corners and talked to people andwouldn't let them go until he understood them. AndSolomon, Solomon asked God for understanding, and Godgave him understanding because Solomon was the onlyman who had enough understanding to ask God forunderstanding. Well, those are two good ways to getunderstanding, and college is a third. And the Universityof Chicago is the college that tries the hardest to givechildren understanding. Q., Little Julie, E.D.Love and xxxxxxx,M.8A STUDY OF WAR• By BROWNLEE HAYDON '35A multiple approach to war:the story of a handbookfor the peace tableSooner shall these mountains crumble into dustthan Argentines and Chileans break the peace towhich they have pledged themselves at the feet ofChrist the Redeemer.IF I were writing or talking about "Christ of theAndes" I would quote these lines from the bronzeplaque at the feet of the statue which tops a mountain peak on the border between Argentina and Chile.To Quincy Wright, standing in short pants before hishigh school classmates, his oration on "Christ of theAndes" was more than just a discussion of the final cessation of border warfare between the two South Americanstates. He probably did not mention that the statue ofChrist was wrought from old cannon salvaged fromBuenos Aires parks. The fact that soldiers and sailors(and mules) drew the symbol of peace up mountain trailson gun carriages might have amused his young friends.But the young orator was speaking of higher things.Quincy Wright told his high school friends that Argentina and Chile were among the first nations to agree toarbitrate all future disputes, that they had reduced theirarmies to police-force size, and had sold their battleshipsunder construction to more warlike powers. This wassomething the world needed more of. Since that daynearly forty years ago Quincy Wright has been studyingwar and speaking and writing of peace. This month theUniversity of Chicago Press publishes his book, A Studyof War.This two- volume book will be called "a definitivework." It will be a surprise to the author, the Press, andClifton Fadiman if A Study of War becomes a best seller.It will cost fifteen dollars. Into its preparation went morethan fifteen years of study by its author and the labor ofdozens of specialists whose analyses contribute to the documentation with which the volumes are heavily endowed.In 1926 Quincy Wright had been at the University ofChicago for three years. Before this he had taught atHarvard and the Universities of Pennsylvania and Minnesota. At the University of Chicago the Local CommunityResearch Committee (an endowed research project) wasreporting on non-voting in Chicago, shifts in transportation habits of the community, and other problems of thegrowing city. Charles E. Merriam, "The Chief" to hiscolleagues, thought the committee ought to spend all the money it had available. In fact, probably after talkingto Quincy Wright, Merriam knew where it could be spent.In the spring of 1926, about twenty members of thefaculty met to discuss a project for the study of thecauses of war. They met in the little dining-room offHutchinson Commons, and Quincy Wright took a lot ofnotes on what was said that evening. From these notescame a fifty-page memorandum which began sevenyears of extensive research by fellows and graduate students and faculty members on many phases of the problem of war. In 1933 Quincy Wright, chairman of theCauses of War Subcommittee of the Social Science Research Committee, summed up the findings, and, in aseries of ten lectures, drew conclusions from the studiesthen completed.The following year, before the Graduate Institute ofInternational Studies in Geneva, he delivered five lectureswhich were published under the title, The Causes of Warand the Conditions of Peace. The basic outline of AStudy of War had been formulated.Those who believe that a study of war begins with theRomans, or the Babylonians, or even the Mongols, forgetthat man once fought for existence with the animal rulersof the earth and that at an even earlier date man's worldwas influenced by the wars between animals in the steaming swamps of the Dawn Age. Thus part 2 of Volume Iof A Study of War contains the chapters: "The Originof War," "Animal Warfare," and "Primitive Conflict."The problem of war is often considered to be in theprovince of the historian, or of the political scientist, oreven of the statesman. Grotius wrote De Jure Belli etPads from the point of view of the lawyer. The Polishfinancier, Ivan Bloch, wrote Voyna from the viewpointof the industrialist. Hans Delbruech approached hisGeschichte des Kriegskunst as a historian. In A Study ofWar Quincy Wright, historian, international lawyer, andpolitical scientist, synthesizes the research of economists,sociologists, geographers, anthropologists, psychologists,and philosophers. This approach to the problem of warfrom every related angle makes A Study of War distinctfrom all previous efforts to encompass the problem between covers.Without infringing upon the territory of the reviewerit is possible to give some concrete clues to the immensityof detail in the book. One might first remark that thetwo volumes contain 1,500 pages filled with an arithmetically calculated total of about 647,000 words. That isenough to impress laymen. For the scholars among myreaders I can say that the index of names contains nearly2,000 entries and that the subject index contains morethan 9,000 references. Although the textual material actually dominates the footnotes in volume, there are at least910 THE UNIVERSITYOF CHICAGO MAGAZINE2,500 footnotes, not to mention the forty-four appendices.A short tour of the University Press reveals that theprinting schedule for a A Study of War was made out onOctober 8, 1940. Setting of type and correction of galleyand page proofs progressed at the usual rate until thefirst volume was ready for publication by the late springof 1941. At this point the preparation of an index forVolume I brought the work to a standstill. With partsof Volume II already set in type the author decided thata single index ought to come at the end of the second volume. With this decision the simultaneous publication ofboth volumes was announced for 1942.Other items of interest disclosed by members of thePress organization include the opinion that the originalcopy for the book was pretty sloppy. The usual unendingarray of corrections dogged the proofroom through thevarious stages of production. There was some disagreement as to whether Quincy Wright had ever written inlonghand before he corrected the proofs of the book, butit was generally agreed that if it had been published inthe days when typesetters were paid according to theillegibility of the author's handwriting a new high in payrates might have been set.Such comments as these have little to do with the importance of the book. A Study of War appears at a timewhen the lives of people in all parts of the world arebeing changed, directed, and ended by war. From a fewisolated skirmishes — at Marco Polo Bridge outside Peiping, at Wai Wai on the Ethiopia-Italian Somalilandborder, in Morocco where Francisco Franco first seizedthe hand of power, and at many points along the Polish-German border on September 1, 1939 — a war has grownthat rages along a two-thousand mile front in Europe,over the shifting sands of the Lybian desert, along a thousand-mile front in North China, at dozens of pointsalong the coast of China, Malaya, the Netherlands Indiesand Burma, and on islands scattered over the wide PacificOcean. War has become the central theme of civilizedlife in this world. From the pages of the history bookwar has stepped into the brownstones, the thatched huts,and the igloos.A Story of War may be dull reading when its ten-pointtype is matched with the scareheads of the tabloids.There are no full-color maps slashed with the sweepingarrows of attack, nor foggy radiophotos of careening tanksand planes. War in Quincy Wright's book has beenreduced to its motives, its emotions, the psychological-maneuver of its beginnings and its effects are shownin columns of figures, statistical studies of opinion, andtreaties and pacts of conciliation and reparation.But A Study of War is published at a time when menare beginning to talk of peace, and of the kind of worldthat may arise from the ashes of defeat and victory.Men are at work on the problem of peace in the capitalsof many nations.When the inevitable day of armistice arrives these menwill be called upon to re-draw the maps of Europe, ofAfrica, and of the Far East. Before so much as anacre of land can be allotted to one country or anothera great deal must be known about its soil, its owner, hisreligious and political views, his ancestry, and his economic status. If it is true that man learns and profitsfrom experience then it is also true that many men —at the peace table, on the foreign desks, at the microphones, in the board rooms, and on the street — shouldknow and understand the panorama of man's experiencewith war and peace that is presented by Quincy Wrightin A Study of War.Monkey-Business Is Still GoodUP AND DOWN the South Shore district scrambled a monkey yesterday — up tothe rooftops, down to the basements. He peered into bedroom windows. He chattered to housewives who were frying the breakfast eggs. He sat on house tops.Scorning the tradition of the three monkeys who won renown by being carefulabout what they saw and heard and said, he got an eyeful and an earful and doubtless said a mouthful about everything he learned.The eggs burned while frightened women telephoned for the police. Men nickedthemselves with their razors when the monkey suddenly appeared at bathroom windows. Late sleepers chased him in their pajamas.Policemen Thomas Dorgan and Harry Chambers pursued the monkey all day. TheAnti-Cruelty Society got out its monkey traps, which it will bait with bananas today,when the monkey has become hungry enough to toss caution to the winds. He escapedfrom the University of Chicago bacteriology laboratory, where, despite all the troublehe's making, he's valued at $10. Maybe $15.- — The Chicago Tribune.NOTES FOR A DILETTANTE• By DAVID DAICHESSUMMARY OF MY EXPERIENCES AS A MEMBER OFTHE FACULTY OF THE U. OF C, AS CHANTED IN AMOMENT OF INEBRIATION TO A GROUP OF IRISHSEAMEN IN MR. MACMANUS'S BAR ON THE NEWYORK WATER FRONTTune: In Amsterdam there lived a maid,Mark well what I do say.N 1937, boys,(Swing strong the capstan round)In 1937, boys,I didn't have much professorial poiseFor I was not yet such a very big noise(Swing strong the capstan round).chorus: Sing Hutchins! Sing Liberal Arts!With a one two three and a bachelor's degree,With a Yo Heave Ho and Grades in a row(Swing strong the capstan round).I sailed across the briny sea(With a Ho for the binnacle lights)I sailed across the briny seaFar far away from my own countree,For the English Department wanted me(With a Ho for the binnacle lights) .chorus: Sing Shakespeare! Sing R. S. Crane!Aristotle, Fielding, Austen (Jane),That's why I crossed the foaming main(With a Ho for the binnacle lights).When first the Midway came in view(Stand by with the heaving lines)When first the Midway came in viewWith its Midwest Gothic all shining newI said, 'This is nice, but it can't be true!'(Stand by with the heaving lines).chorus: Sing Wieboldt! Sing Ingleside!Sing the eager students packed inside!With a four five six and a teacher's tricks(Stand by with the heaving lines).O it took me a year and a little bit more(Sing Ho for the Starboard Watch)O it took me a year and a little bit moreTo find out the meaning of "sophomore"And to learn what a course has a number for(Sing Ho for the Starboard Watch).chorus: Sing Old Plan! Sing New Plan!Explain this matter now he who canWith a seven eight nine and an Indian sign(Sing Ho for the Starboard Watch). O at first they called me a Positivist(Come out of the Captain's gig!)O at first they called me a PositivistAnd they put me down on a secret listAnd one half cheered while the other half hissed(Come out of the Captain's gig).chorus: Sing Adler! Sing a dozen Great Books!Sing moralists, thinkers, saints and spooks !Sing eight nine ten for the chosen men(Come out of the Captain's gig).So. I carefully listened to the argument(Check over the boatswain's stores)So I carefully listened to the argumentAnd finally learnt what the whole thing meantAnd returned to work in great content(Check over the boatswain's stores).chorus:. Sing Gloria! Victoria!Sing Ho for a fight in a cause so bright,For the war that's waged by profs enraged(Check over the boatswain's stores).Now I changed my side each day and night(Look to the gang plank there)Now I changed my side each day and nightFor neither was wrong and none was rightAnd truth is a damsel coy but bright(Look to the gang plank there) .chorus: Sing Daiches! Sing a Song of Myself!Sing the rows of books on my living room shelf!Sing one two three with a cheer for me(Look to the gang plank there) .Now the new B.A. is a risky scheme(Has the anchor watch been set?)Now the new B.A. is a risky scheme,May be nightmare foul or a Brave New Dream —But faulty logic makes me scream(Has the anchor watch been set) .chorus: Sing Schlesinger! Sing Zens L. Smith!And the other great men I've quarrelled with!I love them more than kin or kith.(Has the anchor watch been set?)Now when I return to Britain's Isle(Mark well what I do say!)Now when I return to Britain's IsleAnd they ask to see my Chicago fileI shall copy the Sphinx and strangely smile.(Mark well what I do say!)chorus: Sing Hutchins! Sing Midway!With a one two three and a bachelor's degreeAnd the wholly inimitable U. of C.(Mark well what I do say!)11FRIENDS OF THE LIBRARY® By M. LLEWELLYN RANEYThey grew steadily,and theirs is adouble concernBOOKS are the experts you cannot hire — theoriginal dollar-a-year men. They come so cheapand say what they have to say so compactly thatthe University calls them in by the tens of thousandsevery year. In fact, today they outnumber the flesh-and-blood instructors by 1700 to 1, and twelve months hencethe ratio will be 1750 to 1.For all their numbers, they take but little room. Thewhole million and a third of them in the Library couldbe accommodated standing ten inches deep around thewalls of the professors' offices. The stacks, like a concretebox buried under Harper Memorial Library, hold 500,000of them. In any efficient structure, six times as muchspace must be provided for the users as for the books,and yet administrators are apt to begrudge the bookstheir seventh. It must be remembered that readers walkabout and require furniture; that unless reader and bookcan sit down together there is little point in openinglibrary doors.This silent but fascinating faculty of ours was the subject of a dinner party of ten that met in a downtownclub eight years ago. As a result of this meeting, theFriends of the Library was launched, and a Harvardlaw man, John S. Miller, was named the first president.Despite depression and war, the original membership often has grown steadily, and now numbers 255.The association has a constitution and by-laws, a president, one or more vice-presidents, and a secretary-treasurer, all serving without charge. It publishes The Courierthree times a year. This leaflet of from four to sixteenpages, tastefully printed at the Lakeside Press, goes to allmembers. Three of the twenty-four numbers thus farissued were esteemed highly enough to be reprinted— two issues by the University, the third by a well-wisheroutside — while at the instance of the Board of Libraries.two other editions were trebled in order to reach theentire faculty, board of trustees, and campaign sponsors.Members' dues vary with the type of membership —associate members pay $1.00 annually; contributing members, $5.00; sustaining members, $25; patrons, $100; andlife members (of whom there are already two), $1,000.The privileges of all members are exactly the same,except that a complete file of The Courier is given to newmembers who pay dues of $5.00 or more annually. Theclass of membership can be changed at any time. Although the association is not a money-begging organization (its main purpose is interpretation), the duesare sufficient not only to publish The Courier but also toprovide each year about a thousand dollars' worth ofneeded books that are beyond the range of the Library'sbudget or to assist in other ways, such as furnishing theModern Poetry Library or helping to secure an originaloil painting of Lincoln. In addition, individual membershave given three entire libraries and more than 8,000volumes besides.In the main, the association has a double concern;one part internal, the other external. On the outside, itis on the alert for special collections, particularly thosein private hands which may be secured by gift or, ifnecessary, by purchase. Inside, it seeks, by assisting theUniversity in construction, to achieve an ultimate arrangement of libraries more effective for study and research.It knows, for example, that excellent accommodationsexist for art, music, philosophy, and languages, whichtogether constitute the Humanities Division, and for theDivision of the Physical Sciences, which has departmentallibraries in Rosenwald Hall, Eckhart Hall, George Herbert Jones Chemical Laboratory, and Yerkes Observatory.Nothing of the sort, however, can be said for the Biological or Social Sciences or the related Professional Schools.Eckhart and Wieboldt Halls, for example, have seats forall comers and total access to all the books and journalsshelved there, but only a handful of the BiologicalSciences Division's more than 100,000 books are readilyavailable on the shelves of Culver Hall's reading room,which has seats for only 7 per cent of the legitimateusers. Medicine has only a token library in BillingsHospital, with the rest of its collection stacked solid ablock away. Seven students in eight, and all of thefaculty, must go chairless in the Social Science ReadingRoom, where only 10,000 volumes out of half a millionare in sight. Business and Social Service Administrationfare equally ill.The association knows too that shelving is saturatedin several of the Library's thirty-five units and neardepletion in others. It has reported this situation in TheCourier again and again, and to its relief is now movingin determined fashion beginning with the Map Library,where, with one exception, we hold primacy outsideWashington, which is itself drawing steadily on our collection of 110,000 sheets for distant coverage.The association holds annual meetings, and delightfulones they prove to be — especially the annual dinners. Thededication of the new Lincoln Library brought to thespeaker's platform Ambassador Dodd, Lloyd Lewis, CarlSandburg, and a letter from Governor Horner, who was12THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE , 13detained in Springfield. The opening of the ModernPoetry Library under the will of Harriet Monroe drewfrom Archibald MacLeish a challenging address thathad the audience on its feet at the close, and touchingexpressions from George Dillon, Ford Madox Ford, andCarl Sandburg. The 1941 diners were delighted byyouthful Muriel Ruykeyser's able response on receivingthe initial $500 Harriet Monroe Award for Poetry.A later meeting of the Friends was made notable bythe story of Dr. William Beaumont, whose little book of1833 carried the first report of gastric digestion, whichhe had discovered by watching the process through agunshot wound in a patient's stomach. A grandson's giftof the great physiologist's remaining papers and effectswas the occasion that brought a distinguished audiencetogether.Other interesting meetings were that celebrating theHorace Bimillenium with an address by Gordon J. Laingand music by the Bond Chapel Choir directed by CecilM. Smith; the one that commemorated the five-hundredth anniversary of the printing press with an illustrated lecture by Douglas C. McMurtrie; and an exhibition of microphotography, for which the Library has anexceptional laboratory that took a Grand Prix whiledemonstrating during the Paris Exhibition of 1937.All these events have been fully reported in The Courier,as have the gifts of five of our professors' libraries — -those of Anton J. Carlson, Frederic Ives Carpenter,J. Laurence Laughlin, John Matthews Manly, and HenrySchultz. There was high drama inherent in the presentation of the papers of Julius Rosenwald and Salmon O.Levinson — one set recording a $63,000,000 philanthropy,the other a sixty-three-nation treaty — the stupendous labors respectively of a University trustee and of theman whom Aristide Briand dubbed "the real father of thePact of Paris."The association lost no time in turning to clear-cutpronouncements on today's greatest crisis in humanhistory by securing G. A. Borgese's ominous address on"The Essence of Fascism" for the 1939 dinner and forthis May, the intimate disclosures of NBC's Max Jordan,who spoke on "The Lights Go Out in Europe." Bothmen had seen it happen, and their accounts of culturaleclipse in totalitarian countries gripped their hearers'attention.But aside from the stimulating programs and the satisfaction of being helpful, the members have known purerelaxation too, as when they received Lascelles Aber-crombie from London, heard Mrs. James Ward Thome'sillustrated talk on her charming miniatures, or listenedto the inspired foolery of Thornton Wilder or HowardVincent O'Brien. It has been good to be a Friend ofthe Library, and good to have such friends.Clearly this association is no idle sector of the University front, and it seems assured of liveliness in timesahead, for Paul V. Harper has accepted the presidencyin succession to his neighbor Lloyd Lewis. With characteristic Harper vigor and directness, he convoked theexecutive board on the first day of his term and came atonce to close quarters with the Library's opportunity.He, if anybody, can be trusted to make this dream of hisgreat father come true, and he starts with every trusteebehind him.This, indeed, is an auspicious time for alumni to tunein. Singly and in groups they will do well to join theFriends of the Library now.Mitchell Tower Chimes Observe TapsFOR thirty-four years the strains of the Alma Materhave echoed across the peaceful Quadrangles at 1 0:05P. M. each evening. Early this year the University wasselected as a training center for Navy men in the department of signals. Bartlett Gymnasium was one of thebuildings turned over to the Navy for housing these men.Taps sound at 9 P. M., — an early hour for young America now seriously trying to sleep, when previously theevening had just begun. The 10:05 chimes, therefore,entered the same category as the conscientious nursewho woke the patient up to give him his sleeping powder.So Central War Time got set ahead another hour andten minutes in Mitchell Tower, and the Alma Mater isbeing played at 8:55 P. M. for the duration.ONE MAN'S ARMYThey II end up as mechanicsor radio operators, butall take turns at K.P.April 25, 194230th School SquadronScott Field, IllinoisTHE bane of the soldier's existence, is K. P., ofcourse. And rightly so. But yesterday during mytour of K. P. I fulfilled a desire pent up sincechildhood.I saw my name on the list in the day-room aftersupper and hastened to the barracks and to bed, havingtied a shoe on the foot of the cot as a signal.One rises at three, when the Charge of Quarters shinesa flashlight in his face. This is roughly two seconds afterone has dropped off to sleep at eight or nine o'clock ofthe evening before. One dresses in the dark, pulling onstiff fatigue pants and blouse over cold underwear, meanwhile fumbling for the shoes with one's bare feet. Onestumbles down the stairs, splashes a little ineffectual coldwater on the still slumbering face, and sleep-walks tothe near-by day-room where the roll is called. Each mananswers "Here" in cracked tones of a voice startled intolife hours before it is ready to function. Then there is asort of dead-march to the mess hall.So it was yesterday. As I entered the hangar-likeroom I was startled by the silence. Far, far away somepans rattled faintly. Somewhere a cook whistled, and thetones dissolved, hopelessly lost in the mammoth room.We lined up, taking our trays from the rack by the door,and filed past the steam-table gathering breakfast. Forthose who want to know who serves the K. P.'s, theanswer is the cooks.We were awake by the time we finished breakfast. Ata whistle signal we made our way out to the kitchenand to the K. P. chaser, a grinning young fellow in awhite apron and a chef's hat. He called the roll andassigned us to our stations. I was number-two man onthe section-one serving line.We retired to our positions to await the attack. Ourstation was at one end of the room, the first on the room-long row of serving stations. And it was here, to mygreat delght, that I found a white apron and a chef's hat— our uniforms.I put on my white hat with the joy of a schoolboydonning his first cowboy costume. But something waswrong with it. The hat stuck straight up, like a duncecap. It wasn't flat like those of the famous chefs in the • By CODY PFANSTIEHLadvertisements. For a moment my ambition wasthwarted. But with a little concentrated experimentation, I found that with a pat here and a push there, thehat took professional shape, and lo, I was a chef!French toast was on the menu, with fried ham, cereal,oranges, and milk. My work was to scoop up syrup forthe french toast. This was an improvement over mylast K. P. job at the field in Texas. There it fell my lotto serve soup with one hand and gravy with the other,simultaneously. Seven hundred men passed that station,and only once did I get the two mixed. It was a bit ofa mess, since I was ladeling, with machine-like regularity, a spoonful of gravy and a bowlful of soup.When ninety minutes and a million men had passed,the breakfast was over as far as serving was concerned.We doffed our finery and retired to the immaculatekitchen to become laborers. Three of us were assignedto number three sink.In Chicago, after small dinners at friends' apartments,I usually managed to end up at the sink. The smallsink. The dinky sink. Washing dishes. Little dishes,Puny little dishes. And infinitesimal pans. Ha! Pansfor doll houses!In the Army kitchen the gleaming cannibal pots in thecenter were clean as new-cut type-metal. The stoveswere black and shiny. The concrete floor was spotless,except near our sink. Near our sink was a pile of potsand pans which resembled a hardware store after a flood,or a junk pile of auto wrecks.We cocked our heads, raised our eyebrows, rolled upour sleeves, and went to work. In ten minutes I wasgenerating more water than the faucet. The combination of steamy heat from the sink, the splashings fromthe G. I. brush, the steel brush, and the soap put a soapy-sweaty mask over my face.We'll pass over the next two and one-half hours. We'lljust say we moved those pans from the left side of thesink to the large rack on the right. That makes it simpler for all of us.Eventually it was dinner time. We ate, and once againretired to the lines, donned our white uniforms, andawaited the onslaught. I forked tip asparagus.In the kitchen again, another trio took over ourbeloved sink and we became floor men. We cruisedabout in one end of the kitchen, ready to dart at dirtwith our mops and brooms. This proved to be a mucheasier job than the pans. The cooks were neat, and onecan sweep the floor only so much without either wearingout the broom or the floor. (You can't wear out theK. P.; K. P.'s are "untiring.") It becanje, in fact, amatter of merely walking about appearing to be occupied. This, in a way, was more tiring than the pan shift,14THE UNI VERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE ISfor it required thought. But the K. P. chaser must keephis men busy or he catches it from his superior, so wekept "busy."In other parts of the room K. P.'s were helping thebutchers haul meat about, washing pans at the four sinks,lining up dozens of garbage cans for the trucks, flatteningcans for salvage in the trash room, and carrying sacksand boxes for the bakers. The rest of the 150 K. P.'swere out in the dinng hall cleaning the ten-man tables,mopping, washing condiment bottles, and running the"China Clipper." This last is the aptly named washing-machine for the thick china cups and bowls, and for thetrays and utensils.The high point of the afternoon for me was seeing acook clamber onto a stool, peer over the edge of one ofthe immense, shiny stew-pots, reach in, and draw out aregulation rowboat oar — a "little" stirring spoon whichhad been resting out of sight against the edge.Came supper. Again we ate before the rush, becamechefs, and dished it out for an hour and a half. Igreeted half a dozen men whom I had met at the Texasfield a month ago. You never know where you'll meetyour friends next in the Army.After chow we were on the last lap, and we sprintedon the home stretch with renewed spirits. We firstwashed down the brown tile walls of the kitchen withnew brooms soaked in lye solution. ("Git 'em up thereas high as you can reach, fellas.") Then we gave thefloor a real scrubbing. This we did by taking a dish panof bathtub proportions, filling it with hot, soapy water,and sloshing it over a section of the floor, after which weworked over the smooth cement with stiff, worn brooms,followed by mopping-up operations utilizing a rubber-wheeled tank-and-wringer baby carriage affair.We finished at eight o'clock. The boys on the vegetable detail were still going at it. For those who servedK. P. in the last Army, I can say that the machine agehas freed the slaves to the extent of building an ingeniousrotary machine which peels the jackets off potatoes.But it still takes a detail of fifteen men a good manyhours to blind the potatoes — to dig the eyes out. Thissight of a group of men crouched near a potato sinkwould be familiar to our forbears of '17.We checked out on the K. P. chaser's roll. I pickedup my fatigue hat (what a wonderful name for ourwork clothes!) and strolled through the darkness backto the barracks. There had been darkness when westarted, too. There was a comfortable feeling of tiredmuscles all over my body. I showered and crawled intobed. Once a month would be enough, thank you, onthat assignment. And I fell straight way to sleep.April 26, 1942Scott Field, IllinoisThis business of standing in line has become secondnature to us. We "sweat out a line" for chow, for school,for inspections, for pay-day, and for drinks at the drinking fountain in the school corridor during the ten-minute CODYPFANSTIEHLHis life isfilled withohm sweetohms.class breaks. The other day, I came upon a fountain atwhich only two men waited. I suddenly found myselfstanding behind the second man, waiting. I then realizedthat I wasn't thirsty at all. I had automatically taken advantage of a short line. I sheepishly left without drinking.A soldier said the other day, "When I get out of thisArmy and I see a line across the street, I just knowI'm gonna run like hell and get in it, just fromhabit." ...Just as they told us when we came in, the chow iswonderful. On a warm day this week we had a bighelping of strawberries, topped by a chocolate-covered icecream bar. There were T-bone steaks the other day, andthat's not a rare occurence; cooked just a minute beforewe picked them up, too. More than once I've been feelingdown and blue and come into the mess hall for a mealwhich lifted my spirits right out of the mud. MostlyI've been feeling up, however.May 20, 194230th School SquadronLife at this stage is filled with ohm sweet ohms andtank circuits and what's the inductive reactance on thathook-up? When this radio university of the Army airforces sets out to impart the fundamentals of radio, itdoesn't fool around. Our school day is split betweentheory and code practice. During the latter we sit atlong tables hunched under headphones listening to thesmall beeps and chirps which, in not so many months,will mean life or death to our fellows in the air.I can't tell about our courses. But I can say that wewill end up as radio operators and/or mechanics. Someof us will fly in bombers. Under attack, we will manthe center machine gun. Others will be ground-menwhose job it will be to "keep 'em beeping" in the repairshops. Others will jojin the great net of radio operatorswho keep the Army communication nets going thecountry over.Right now it seems a long way to go. Often enough,however, we see a huge bomber glide in for a smoothlanding, and we know that soon we, as specialists in thisarmy of specialists, will be in one of them.NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLESSummer PlansTwo of William Rainey Harper's educational inventions, the quarter system and the summer school, arestanding the University and the country in good steadthese days. The approaching summer quarter will notbe the biggest in the University's history by any means,but there surely has never been a session of greater scopeand diversification. Because the summer quarter has keptthe University in full year operation, there has been noneed for any speed-up innovations; well tried plans andoperations were ready for the need.The College program has been greatly expanded because so many of the undergraduates want to get asmuch education as possible before they enter the services.There probably will be fewer graduate students, however, and considerably diminished enrolment in some ofthe professional schools. Although there will be a significant number of teachers, some of whom will use thesummer to prepare for teaching of new subjects becauseof the war-created shift in curricula, the number ofteachers attending will be below normal. The tire andgasoline rationing have something to do with it; localfactors, such as decreasing high school attendance inChicago, will also have an effect. The same influencesare operating throughout the country, however, to reducegraduate study and to increase undergraduate attendanceabove the average.There will be numerous rings under the Midway academic tent. First there is the normal program, whichthe University is striving to maintain as far as possible.Then there is the technical training sponsored by theU. S. Office of Education, which will start with some fivehundred students and undoubtedly increase as the summergoes on, for the variety of skills and the number of individuals needed seem to be infinite. There are not University students in the usual sense; they need simply toqualify for the particular course. They pay no tuition —in fact, some are paid by the government while in training — and they receive no University credit. Approximately 2,300 of them have completed specialized coursessince the war began. Also, there are special activities ofsections of the University, such as the Institute of Meteorology, which is training 120 Army and Navy meteorologists, and this autumn will add a new class of 200men and approximately 25 women. Under the directionof Leonard D. White, professor of public administrationand former United States Civil Service Commissioner, aclass of 150 regularly enrolled students will begin a two-quarter course preparing for civil service appointments.Finally, among the variety of wartime activities and sponsors is the eighth basic military training course of theInstitute of Military Studies, which will have a roster ofapproximately 1,100 men, students and non-students alike. The institute has overcome apathy, ridicule, and criticismsince its start in 1940 to demonstrate by the achievementsof its graduates in military service that its training issound and advantageous. If the need for civilian militarytraining becomes really urgent, it is the institute whichwill prove the pattern for civilians drilling on the townsquare and the city boulevards.This summer quarter will be longer, continuing fortwelve full weeks through September 12, except for teachers, whose schedules will permit them to complete coursesbefore Labor Day. It will bring the first entering freshmen in a summer quarter; and the Law School and theSchool of Medicine likewise will take in entering students. The College freshmen entering in the summer,as well as those coming this autumn, will be candidatesfor the bachelor's degree awarded for completion of general education. Those students who were freshmen inthe academic year just concluded can shift their programs and become candidates for the new Ph.B. degreeand complete the requirements in approximately threequarters. The A.B. curriculum is a definite one of required sequence courses; the program for the Ph.B. degree permits substitution of three electives for a corresponding section of the A.B. curriculum. Advance registration indicates that there will be at least 400 studentsin the College this summer, compared to 165 last year.Of the 400, at least 130 will be entering freshmen, and270 will be students who have completed their freshmanyear. Interestingly enough, the entering freshmen registering in advance are predominantly from outside theChicago area. The registration at the opening of thequarter, however, may increase the proportion of Chicagoarea freshmen. It will be possible for the students tocomplete the general course in the biological sciencesthis summer, and the abler students can add one otherclass. The biological sciences will be taught on the workshop plan of lectures and conferences. The schedule isso arranged that approximately two thirds of the sequence course in either physical sciences or social sciences may be completed during the quarter should thefreshmen prefer to start in those fields. The College faculty, which has been notorious for its willingness to workhard and sacrifice convenience for a program in which itbelieves, will have a heavy summer's work. They are willing to undertake it because time is most important rightnow to the eighteen- to-twenty age group.Work-Study PlanThose students who must earn their way will havegreat opportunities under the work-study arrangementmade early this year with Marshall Field & Co. Beginning with the summer quarter, working students will beon a split-week basis of classes three days a week. These16THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 17working students will carry only two thirds of a normalstudy load, but by attending the University four quartersa year, they will not require a longer calendar periodthan normal to obtain their degrees. Work opportunities have now been extended by an agreement madewith Sears Roebuck & Co. similar to that existing withFields'. The latter company is making arrangements togive summer employment not only to present students butthose who will enter the University in the fall, so that theemployment induction period will have been completedwhen these students start their college education. Whenthe plan is in full effect this autumn, Marshall Field &Co. will be employing between 300 and 400 hundred menand women and Sears Roebuck & Co. will employ about100.ConvocationDegrees were conferred upon 744 candidates at the209th Convocation on Friday, June 19. Of these, 349were advanced degrees: 115 received the master's degree; 20 the Master of Business Administration; 3 theBachelor of Divinity; 59 the Ph.D.; 43 the J.D.; 22 theLL.B.; 39 the M.D. from the south side medical school;and 48 the M.D. from Rush. This was the last graduating Rush class to receive a Chicago degree, because of theaffiliation of Rush with the University of Illinois. Atotal of 395 bachelor's degrees were conferred in theafternoon session of the convocation.With the autumn and winter quarters, this convocationbrought the total of degrees conferred to 1,235. Approximately 60 per cent of the men receiving degrees willenter the armed services of the United States, replies to aquestionnaire indicated . Twenty of those graduating arealready in service and took their degrees in absentia. TheNavy's officers' training schools are getting a larger shareof the graduates than is the Army. Another 25 per centof the men are headed for war industry, governmentservice, or graduate studies in fields which will bringthem into war activities eventually. Half of the womengraduates said they intended to do war work of somekind, their activities including nursing, the Red Cross,war industry, medicine, and research. Only one of thegraduates plans to enlist in the Women's Army AuxiliaryCorps.Prize WinnersThe three prizes of $1,000 each annually awarded forexcellence in teaching of undergraduates went this yearto David Daiches, assistant professor of English, who iswell known to readers of the Magazine; Edward B.Espenshade, Jr., instructor in geography; and Russell B.Thomas, instructor in the humanities. Mr. Espenshade,who also was curator of the University's notable map collection, is now in Washington on government war service.Beginning in 1930, small prizes were awarded in recognition of outstanding teaching of undergraduates. In 1938, an eastern alumnus increased the endowment tobring the prizes to the handsome amount of $1,000. Purpose of the prizes is "to interest teachers in training notonly scholars and research workers but also young menand women for intelligent and public spirited participation and leadership in civic, business, and professionallife." In making the awards, President Hutchins actsupon the advice of a committee of deans.Student prize competitions are not the flourishing activity of the earlier part of the century, but they stillattract enough entries to keep the judges busy. Amongthe June prize list were: Fiske Poetry Prize, $100,awarded to Margaret M. Walker for Cyclorama, a groupof modern lyrics; David Blair McLaughlin Prize, $55,awarded to Ralph Saul, for an essay, The Search ofHenry Adams; Susan Colver Rosenberger Prize, $225,awarded to Henry W. Dunham, now instructor in sociology at Wayne University, Detroit, for his dissertationon The Character of the Interrelationship of Crime andSchizophrenia; Wig and Robe Prize, $100, for the second-year law student with the highest academic standing,awarded to Richard F. Watt, of Seattle, one of theRhodes scholars who transferred to Chicago at the outbreak of war and is now in the Army; Theodore Lee NeffPrize for excellence in the study of French language andliterature, $40, to Anniebeth Floyd, junior student fromTulsa; Harry Ginsburg Memorial Prize, $75, awardedto Alfred J. Kahn, medical student.Ella Paul HarperMrs. William Rainey Harper, widow of the first president, died on May 29 at her home on Woodlawn avenue,adjoining the Quadrangles she had watched developsince the start. Mrs. Harper, 86 years old at the time ofher death, had been ill for many months, but until herfinal illness she was in close touch with the Universityand even attended some of its ceremonial events. Sheand President Harper were married in 1875, when bothwere nineteen. Her maiden name was Ella Paul; herfather was a minister of the United Presbyterian denomination and president of Muskingum College, New Concord, Ohio, from which William Rainey Harper graduated at the age of thirteen. While President Harperwas creating the University, Mrs. Harper brought cohesion and a warm spirit of community identification tothe group her husband had persuaded to join in hisadventure. Faculty and students alike knew her and theHarper hospitality in those first years that ended withPresident Harper's death in 1906, and many distinguishedUniversity guests stayed at the Harper home. WithMrs. Harper's death, there are but few links between theearly University days and the present. Two of her threesons, Samuel N. Harper, member of the faculty, andPaul V. Harper, lawyer and trustee, keep the Harpername actively associated with the University.REUNION REVIEWA Quick Glance at a Few HighlightsGovernment "priorities" on many of our top-flightfaculty members and much of our dining facilities (turnedover to some 2,000 Navy signalmen), added to numerouswar work complications of alumni everywhere, necessitated a modified Alumni School and other Reunionweek activities on the Midway this year.Reunion chairman Tom Mulroy, '27, who held almostevery honor in his undergraduate days from Marshallto mustache winner, brought back to the Quadrangleshis stimulating sense of humor and his natural ability torun a ten-ring show.The first session of the Alumni School opened in thehigh school auditorium of North Shore Winnetka, tothe accompaniment of crashing lightning and a two-hourdeluge that leveled every depression and blocked everyunderpass. One hundred and fifty drenched but enthusiastic alumni laughed off the water that rain coatscouldn't shed, and the 1942 Reunion was launched ina clap of thunder.The informal buffet supper of the Order of the C,planned for Stagg Field, was moved under the northstands as the weather again got out of control. Butwhen the Commons' truck backed in, loaded with foodand hot coffee, the old reunion spirit of this annual eventtook over.At the annual Alumni Assembly held in Mandel Hallon Saturday afternoon, four alumni medals and fifty-onecitations were awarded. The names of these alumni willbe found on the front and back inside covers of thisissue of the Magazine. Harold J. Gordon '17, vice-chairman of the board of directors of the Alumni Foundation, reported the total amount of the annual AlumniGift as of June 13. He announced that the Foundationbooks would remain open until June 30 (the close ofthe fiscal year), at which time the completed gift withthe honor roll of those alumni participating would bedelivered to President Hutchins. Mr. Gordon reported4,904 gifts totaling $88,813.16. (As we go to press thisamount has exceeded $90,000 from more than 5,000alumni.)At three o'clock Saturday afternoon (the day of theUniversity Sing) soaking sheets of rain swept across theQuadrangles. By six o'clock it had settled down to ahealthy drizzle. At seven fifteen a bright streak aboutsix feet long and three inches wide appeared over LaGrange suburb. On the strength of that streak the University Band moved out of the botany building — wherethey had been hovering midst tympani and tubas — intoHutchinson Court. At seven thirty the University Bandconcert started on schedule without benefit of moistureexcept underfoot. By eight o'clock Hutchinson Court was jammed with students of today and yesteryear and echoesof "Well, look who's here," "How's the world been treating you?" "Haven't you put on weight?" and so on intothe starlit evening, while the thirty-second annual University Sing for the thirty-second time was held under theclear heavens of a Chicago June evening. The cups werewon by Alpha Delta Phi (for quality) and Psi Upsilon(for quantity).Of course there were lawn parties, class reunions, theRegional Advisers Breakfast, and the Alumnae Breakfast,which was held at the traditional American luncheonhour, while at Breasted Hall the Senate of the CollegeDivision of the Alumni Association met to elect the following officers for a term of two years:President— Vallee O. Appel '11, J.D. '13Second Vice-President — Agnes Prentice Smith '19Members of the Executive Committee: Ben Badenoch '09;Louise Viehoff '23; Helen Wells '24; Robert Hepple '34;Joan Goodwillie '40Other officers of the Senate whose terms do not expireuntil 1943 are:First Vice-President — Wrisley B. Oleson '18Secretary-Treasurer — Charlton T. Beck '04Members of the Executive Committee: Herbert I. Markham '06;Paul M. O'Connell '07; Faye Millard MacFarland '22;Katharine Trees '34The Class of 1942 elected Calvin P. Sawyier and Virginia L. Allen as their representatives on the Senate.Miniature Sing"We sang the Alpha Delt marching song withoutmarching or Alpha Delts, and the Sweetheart of SigmaChi without either a sweetheart or a Sigma Chi present(the Phi Gams won our quantity cup)."Yes, the 1942 reunion was celebrated even in the hurly-burly of Washington, D. C. Fourteen alumni in thatcity toasted their Alma Mater, had dinner, and toastedtheir Alma Mater again. High point of the celebration,they report, was J. Elmer Thomas' command performanceof his dance from the 1910 Blackfriars' show, whichpractically brought down the house (or at least the floorjoists). The Sing, we are told, adjourned at the safeand sane hour of ten o'clock.18ATHLETICS• By DON MORRIS '36Tentative notationson sports in warandjn peaceTO PROCEED from the particular to the general,take the case of Calvin Sawyier. Tall, thin, he isgiven to reproaching himself under his breath withconsiderable sarcasm when he makes an error in tennis.A student in the Department of Political Science, he hascompleted five years' work leading to the master's degreein four years, and a candidate for the master's degreeat the coming August Convocation. In the four yearshe was a student he received A's in 93 per centof his courses, B's in the remainder. His grade pointaverage of 3.85 is high for any student, notably high foranyone crowding an extra year's work into his four uponthe Midway, and perfectly amazing for an athlete.Sawyier came to Chicago as one of the city's top-ranking young players. In high school, in city juniorcompetition he was usually runner-up, and usually runner-up to a player named Seymour Greenberg. WhenSawyier entered Chicago, left-handed Greenberg enteredNorthwestern. Chicago and Northwestern had beenplaying catch with the Conference tennis title for years,and the situation seemed a natural backdrop for the continuation of the rivalry. But it was still Sawyier whomenaced Greenberg, and Greenberg who won.The historic first time Cal defeated Seymour was inthis year's Big Ten meet at Columbus. It was in thefinals. It netted Sawyier the Big Ten singles championship. And in a year in which, for the first time since1925, no Maroon team won a Conference title, an individual win looked all the brighter. There had been acouple of other individuals this season, but Sawyier'scapped them- — and against a long-time nemesis when,as they say, the chips were really blue.Yancey T. Blade's only regret about the whole affairwas that it took place so far from the Midway. Theold fellow, who has scarcely ventured from the three-or four-block radius about Bartlett gym in years, hasbeen forced to widen his orbit slightly because of theinflux of sailors into favorite hide-out in that region, buthe thinks Ohio is a long way east.It is necessary to present one more descriptive itemin order to proceed into the larger generalizations. Itis now 1942 and Sawyier is a member of the graduatingclass of that number. Like most of the members of hisclass, he will enter the fighting forces of the UnitedStates, specifically the Navy under its V-7 program in which he already is enlisted. Like most of the men inhis class entering the service, he will be trained to be anofficer in the Navy.It is the contention of Major John L. Griffith, commissioner of the Big Ten, that athletics is of great valueto the nation in war because the physical development,courage, competitive spirit, and ability to think fast whenthe heat is on are among the qualities developed bysports. Certainly it seems that many of the best soldiersare former athletes. And it is estimated that 90 per centof the C men entering the service are selected for officertraining, as contrasted with about 55 per cent of thestudent body as a whole. This figure grows even moreimpressive if it is taken into consideration that since thegeneral figure includes the athletes, the non-athletic figuremust be much lower than 55 per cent. Furthermore,the non-athletic figure is salted with medical graduateswho are commissioned for that reason alone. Apparentlyit is the students who are neither athletes nor tyro medicsthat furnish the Army with privates and the Navy withordinary seamen.All this provides some cud for the contemplative mindto chew on. For one thing, the minor sports, damnedby the adjective "minor" and questioned even as "sports"by some of the more brilliant sports experts, seem tocontribute a startling large proportion of these officers.Colonel R. Jeschke, '16, of the Marines, was a wrestler.Major George Van der Hoef, '26, also of the Marines,was a fencer. Lieutenant George Hays, '39, again of theMarines, was a gymnast. Major Herb Inlow, '20, of theArmy, was a gymnast, Lieutenant (j.g.) Jay Berwanger,'36, of the Navy, was a major sport man, and so wasLieutenant Tony Hinkle, now athletic instructor at GreatLakes Naval Training Station. But Lieutenant NelsonWetherell was a gymnast.And so it runs. Swimmers seem to be considered agood line of officer material by both the Army and theNavy. So are tennis players (see Sawyier) . So aregymnasts (see Earl and Courtney Shanken).Water polo, kicked about by many coaches and athleticdirectors as being even more minor than swimming, andthis year abandoned by the Big Ten, has provided alot of officers. Presumably it will be necessary to concede,since it does make officer material, that it, too, is a sport.What I am getting at here is that there is a certainamount of opportunism in the relation between war andathletics which smacks faintly of hypocrisy.If we are going to justify athletics on the groundthat it is valuable in fighting a war, then we must examinethe facts and find out which types of athletics are thebest preparation for war. If this meant the abandon-(Continued on page 24)1920 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINECOUNTERFEIT DEGREE—(Continued from page 1)vanced and specialized training which belongs exclusivelyto the university. With the first two years of college givenback to the high school and the last two surrendered tothe university, the four-year college is to be stripped ofits possessions like a millionaire in wartime. When thishas been accomplished and the bachelor's degree is givenat the close of the present sophomore year, there will beno more chaos and confusion, no more overlapping orwaste, and educationally speaking, we will have the bestof all possible worlds.Thus the mountain of the University of Chicago, having long been in labor, has now produced a mouse. If thenew offspring has been treated with scant respect by theAssociation of American Colleges, the National Association of State Universities, the National Conference ofChurch-Related Colleges, the Association of Colleges andUniversities of the Pacific Southwest, the North CentralAssociation of Colleges and Secondary Schools, the Commission on Institutions of Higher Education of the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, andthe American Association of University Women, all ofwhom have taken adverse action, it is not because of theirfear of something new, but their knowledge that theyhave seen this particular mouse before.There is nothing novel or earth-shaking in the proposal to kill off the four-year college and cheapen thebachelor's degree. As President Cowley has observed inhis article in the April issue of the Educational Record,this is a ninety-year old conflict erupting again for thetwelfth time since 1852. And this time, as before, it isthe expression of an inferiority complex of Americansdazzled by the educational systems of the old world.If we would solve the educational problems of America, Mr. Hutchins bids us to turn our eyes towardEurope. To be sure, the sun no longer beams steadilyupon the old world and European culture is closer todusk than to dawn, but Mr. Hutchins feels that if oureducational system were more like that of Europe, itwould be an enormous step forward."In this country," he* says, "students are delayed twoyears all along the line. And two years is about thedifference in intellectual maturity between an Americanstudent and an English, French, or German boy of thesame age." There are other differences too, which Mr.Hutchins does not mention, some of which are not to theadvantage of the European boy. Perhaps if the English,French, and German boys were all given the opportunityfor higher learning that is open to American boys, or theyouth of Europe were as well trained for informed andresponsible citizenship as the youth of the United States,or if the old world could learn that the limited curriculum of the lycee or gymnasium and the specializedscience of the university is not enough, then comparisonof the different systems might be more useful. It is doubt ful, however, that the cultural pattern of any one countryshould be imposed upon another. Certainly 'here inAmerica we are developing an educational program thatis designed to meet the needs of our own democraticsociety. While we owe no small debt to Europe, weshould continue to develop our own pattern of educationand not follow slavishly any foreign system.It is perfectly true that the four-year college of liberalarts has no exact counterpart in Europe. It is as American as cornbread or baseball. Countless critics have foundfault with it, many a university president has predictedits demise, but like the bay tree, it still flourishes, and nowmore vigorously than ever.Although Mr. Hutchins complains that the Americancollege boy lags two years behind the English, French,and German boy of the same age, it is interesting tonote that to overcome this lag, he proposes two years lessof schooling. His solution is not a program of enrichmentbut of abridgment. By the same logic, if the lag werefour years, doubtless it could be made up by cutting outanother two years. As the followers of Father Divine say,"Peace, it is wonderful!"Prior to his fifth-column attack on the bachelor's degree, Mr. Hutchins has appeared to be as dissatisfiedwith the American public school as he is with the American college. He would be glad, I am sure, if studentsbegan their college work with better skill in reading andwriting and better preparation in such basic subjects asEnglish, mathematics, history, and foreign languages.He must be aware of the difficulty of educating studentsen masse in the swollen classes of our large city highschools.Now, however, it appears that the trouble is largelysemantic. What we have all regarded as a very perplexing problem can be solved overnight if we will merelychange the labels. We do not need to worry any longerabout overworked teachers and overcrowded classrooms.We need give no more thought to the ignorance ofphilosophy and the golden threads of literature we callthe classics. The illiterate will become literate and theuninformed well-instructed if we will tell the high schoolboys they are already in college and give the bachelor'sdegree to all college sophomores.In addressing the North Central Association, Mr.Hutchins spoke with touching pathos of the studentswho are going to be called into military service beforecompleting their college course. He said, "It is our dutyto reorganize the educational system so as to fit themfor freedom before they are called to the colors." Is thisto be done by longer hours and fewer holidays? No, byno means. It is to be done by fiat from the University ofChicago. Mr. Hutchins says in effect, "Let them havebachelor's degrees. This will make them fit for freedom."The argument is reminiscent of that of the Englishcounterfeiter George Radfern, in J. B. Priestley's play,"Laburnum Grove." Looking about him in the depression years, Mr. Radfern decided that what the countryTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 21needed was more money in circulation, and single-handedhe set out to repair this lack.It must be admitted that the war years are not ordinary years. The colleges and universities of Americawill do many things in years of war which they wouldnot countenance in years of peace. The acceleration ofcollege programs will doubtless do some injury to scholastic standards. The boy who races through eight semestersof college work in thirty- two months will probably not beas intellectually mature as he would be if he could spendfour years covering the same course. There are disadvantages in any program of forced growth, and after thewar, accelerated programs will probably not continue tobe popular.The plan adopted by the University of Chicago is,however, not a temporary, emergency measure. It wasprepared as a coldly calculated, cleverly timed, permanentchange, and must be judged by peacetime standards.In the years that followed the first World War, thedetermination of the public to increase educational opportunity resulted in such crowding of the high schoolsand colleges that some confusion was inevitable. Studentsno longer entered the business and industrial world atthe age of fourteen, but remained in school until at leasteighteen. The goal, moreover, was no longer the completion of high school, but attendance at college as well.This was a revolutionary change and even now we arewrestling with some of the problems that have come asa result.While interrupted by the war, the democratization oflearning and the extension. of educational opportunity tomembers of all classes will continue to gain momentumwhen the country is once again at peace. Public supportof education will be generous, and most students will remain in school and college until at least twenty. Theage at which youth will leave school to seek gainful employment will be delayed not only by increased demandfor education but also by the fact that after the war isover and the temporary boom has passed, we shall probably experience another economic depression with widespread unemployment.Mr. Hutchins apparently feels that there are too manystudents attempting university work. There will be evenmore, however, after the war. At the present time, financial ability is a more important basis of selection thanintellectual capacity. For every student of ability nowin a college or university, there is another of equal promise who cannot go because of insufficient funds.I have no quarrel with Mr. Rainey's suggestion thatuniversal higher education should stop at the close ofthe junior college. If, however, the level of publiclysupported education is raised from that of the high schoolto that of the junior college, the number entering theuniversities for advanced work will increase, and notdecrease. This is evident from the experience of theuniversities in California, where there is a state-widesystem of publicly supported junior colleges. Certainly the cheapening of the bachelor's degree will not preventstudents from attempting university work. This merelyputs the prizes closer to everyone's reach.It may be true that more could be accomplished bythe public schools in less time if there were more teachersand still more generous support of public education. Onthe other hand, it is becoming increasingly difficult tomeet the need for general education within the limitationof the present school and college schedules. During thewar years more time must be given to mathematics,geography, physical fitness, foreign languages, history,current events, aviation, physics, the Far East, Latin-American culture, and preparation for post-war problems.After the war there will be additional problems. Thetask of training youth for citizenship will be immeasurablygreater because there is so much more that good citizensshould know.Nor is the world of specialized knowledge standing still.The frontiers of science continue to move forward, andin any one of a hundred areas the specialist must knowmuch more than was expected before. In such a dayit is unlikely that we shall agree to train chemists orphysicists or even social workers in any shorter time.When there is so much more to learn, the time forlearning should not be reduced.If Cleopatra's nose had been an inch longer, historywould have followed a different course. What is important, however, is not the courses history might havefollowed, but the course it actually has followed. Beforethe day of the public high school or the addition of thetwelfth year in the South, it might have been proper tosuggest the beginning of collegiate instruction at an earlieryear. The suggestion is fantastic now, however, and Mr.Hutchins must know it. As the quality of the secondaryschool improves, collegiate instruction begins at a higherand higher point.Each of the criticisms Mr. Hutchins has made couldhave been made with greater force fifteen or twenty yearsago. They sound more like a description of the pastthan of the present. Even this indictment of college lifeis a bit belated. "College life," he tells us, "has becomea popular synonym for elaborate loafing. Extra-curricular activities have been notorious for their flamboyantconsumption of time, effort, and money." Perhaps this isstill true in part, but it becomes less true each year. Therewas a time when going to college was a full-time jobfor the science major and a part-time job for everyoneelse. Now it is rapidly becoming a full-time job foreveryone, including the humanities student. The factthat the University of Chicago dropped football wasdue to the fact that there was no longer time for bothstudies and football. In most colleges the extra-curricular program is being squeezed by the pressure of academicwork. It should be noted, however, that ,..evgn tneextra-curricular activities have important educationalvalues.Mr. Hutchins appears to believe that general education22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEshould be exclusively intellectual. Perhaps a day collegein an urban university can limit its task to intellectualtraining, but the traditional four-year college cannot.Education of the mind is not enough. As HermannFlagedorn said in his Harvard Tercentenary Ode,". . . Light is not light, that lightsOnly a part, with cold moon-brightness, leavingThe rest to darkness and the whole to the storm.Light, that is light, is light for the whole man."The four-year liberal arts college believes with all itsheart in the education of the whole student body, mindand spirit. I am sure it would be an evil day for Americaif Mr. Hutchins' idea of a university also became theidea of secondary and liberal education.Another defect in Mr. Hutchins' new college is theabsence of advanced and specialized study. In the program of non-vocational general education that leads tothe new bachelor's degree, the student is to acquire asuperficial knowledge of many things, but no competencein any. It is to be a college of breadth without depth.More than 60 per cent of those who now receive thebachelor's degree at the University of Chicago have beenin the University two years or less, and under the newplan the percentage of two-year students will probably beeven higher. In their short stay at the University, thereis to be nothing comparable to a major or field of concentration. Concentrated and intensive study of the kindthat enriches the junior and senior year of the liberal artscollege will not be reserved for the years leading to themaster's degree. Thus the accepted meaning of a liberaleducation is to be changed as well as the value of theliberal arts degree. Quite apart from the moral issueinvolved, there is the question as to whether, by American standards, the Chicago bachelor's degree is eitherdescriptive or appropriate. For a long time the certificateor degree of associate in arts has been the recognizedsymbol of general education without advanced work.I am convinced, moreover, that it is of doubtfulwisdom to delay all specialization until general educationhas been completed. In the four-year college of liberalarts, specialized study often begins not at the junior yearbut at the freshman or sophomore year. When a boyknows what he wants to do and has the required abilityand preparation, it is not a bad plan to let him begindoing it. On the other hand, general education continues long after specialization has begun. Many ascience major in his senior year wisely balances his program with elective courses in literature and art. It isridiculous to think that general education should come toa full stop at the end of the sophomore year. Actuallyit never stops and it certainly should not stop half waythrough college. The world is already suffering fromthe number of specialists whose general education hasbeen neglected. The number will increase if we acceptthe notion that general education is always to be completed by the close of the sophomore year. If Mr. Hutchins feels that general education has noplace in a real university, perhaps the sensible plan inChicago's case would be to discontinue the granting ofthe bachelor's degree and concentrate on what Mr.Hutchins calls work of university grade. This wouldbe an honorable and consistent decision.In view of the experience, however, that Chicago hashad with achievement tests and comprehensive examinations, I am surprised that Chicago finds it either necessaryor desirable to offer a counterfeit bachelor's degree. Thestudents at Chicago are well selected. They do notcompare unfavorably with the students in other colleges.The faculty has already parted with time-serving, andhas substituted evidence of intellectual achievement forthe old-fashioned class attendance requirements. Thelogical next step is to give all candidates for degrees theGraduate Record Examination developed by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.This test is now given in many graduate schools andfour-year colleges of liberal arts. If Chicago studentsdo well at both the general and advanced level in theGraduate Record Examination, they might be given thebachelor's degree, regardless of their time in residence.Few would object if the bachelor's degree were awardedon the basis of exceptional achievement on a nationallyknown, nationally used, and nationally respected test forcollege seniors.DEVALUATION—(Continued from page 6)ought to reorganize secondary education to include it. Itwas no good as a two-year unit, and besides we were twoyears behind the students in European schools. We neededto reduce our time by two years to put us on a comparable basis with the European secondary schools. Thissuggestion caused great alarm among the colleges because they could see no easy way of effecting the reorganization required. To begin with, the colleges were mostlyprivate and the high schools were public, and there waslittle or no opportunity for effective amalgamation oraffiliation. The suggestion was then made that most ofthe senior colleges should become junior colleges. This,of course, did not suit them, and so they have persistedand succeeded in maintaining their four-year position.They have been able to maintain their position so longas they could require four years for the B.A. degree, forevery educated person must have the B.A. degree, andthey held the field and had held it for several centuries.But now the University of Chicago has attacked thelast stronghold — the "Holy of Holies," and has desecrated the Ark of the Covenant by laying profane handsupon it, and by toppling it from its pedestal. Whycouldn't they have left it alone? Why create all thistrouble? Or, at least, why couldn't the University ofChicago have given some other degree at the end of thesophomore year instead of the B.A. degree and everythingTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 23would still have been all right. That's just the point!Everything would have remained virtually as before, andno fundamental reorganization of secondary and highereducation would have resulted.Now that it has been done, what attitude are we totake about it, and what can we do about it? There areseveral things that we can do. First, we can pass resolutions condemning the University for its high-handed actsagainst a time-honored institution. This has alreadybegun. This type of pressure against a lesser institutionmight result in a reversal of the University's position.It is certain that a lesser institution could not have takenthis step in the first place. But it is not likely that suchaction will deter the University of Chicago from its objective, for it may be presumed that the action was wellstudied and was not the result of hasty or impressiveconduct. Well, then, there is another course open to us.We can vote the University out of our standardizingassociations and refuse to acknowledge the validity ofher B.A. degree and refuse to accept her students intoour academic folds. In short, we can outlaw her. Whatdoes she think she is anyway, and what does she think therest of us are? Are we mice or men? Shall we take itlying down or shall we assert our strength and defendour educational heritage? Well, I for one am of theopinion that this action, too, would be ineffective againstthe University of Chicago. Did she not only recentlydrop intercollegiate foootball? And after having donethat, what else could matter? What is there left to fear?What can you do with an institution whose presidentmeets such criticism as he received in that action by saying that: "In order to have a great University it is necessary either to have a great football team or a greatpresident." It is quite likely that if we should try punitive measures against the University of Chicago, wewould meet a similar arrogance and be told that a B.A.degree given by the University of Chicago at the endof one year or two years, and even though the Universitywas under excommunication at the time, would still havegreater value than that given by any of the rest of usunder the most favorable circumstances, and at the endof any given period of time. Having taken action againsther, and having been met by such a reply as I have indicated, the last state of ourselves would certainly be worsethan the first.We might try still another approach. Why couldn'twe continue to go our ways and let the University ofChicago go hers? That might be a very practical thingto do. The University of Chicago can take care of buta few thousand students at most, and there will besome left for the rest of us. Furthermore, since theirstudents will have to spend three years beyond their B.A.degree for the master's degree it looks as if we mightall come out at the same place in the end. Why couldn'twe say, "All right, the junior college and the B.A. degreebelong to secondary education. Anyway, it has no distinctive meaning anymore. Why bother about it any longer? Let's just grant it in recognition of the completion of secondary education and place our emphasis uponthe getting of a higher education leading to the master'sor some other degree." This, I think, would clear thedecks and pave the way for fundamental and thoroughgoing reorganization of both secondary and higher education. This is the thing that is needed. At present theobjectives of both secondary and higher education arebadly confused. As a result of the maturing of our commitment to give an education at public expense to allyouth from the elementary through secondary, highereducation, and the professional school, we now have arrived at the point of virtual universal secondary education. For the nation as a whole approximately 75 percent of all youth of high school age are enrolled inschool. Furthermore, there is resulting a steadily increasing surplus of candidates each year for higher educationand the professions, and the professions cannot absorbthem. Higher education once was the training groundfor the professions and higher learning. Now it has become a place where youth go to school for four moreyears before going into employment. Thus, the objectivesof the four-year college have become confused. Sixty-eightper cent of the students who enter the University of Texasdo not go beyond the sophomore year, yet we treat themall as if they were going on into the higher branches oflearning and into the professions. We are doing littleor nothing to meet the real needs of this vast majority ofour students. What are their needs? Vocationally, weknow that they are going back into their communitiesand into other communities to take jobs that we described as semi-professional and semi-skilled. We alsoknow two other things about the training required forthese jobs. We know, first, that we can train 90 per centof these people for the initial competence on their jobsin short-term courses of six months or less, and secondly,we know that from 90 to 100 per cent of this training isnow being done on a post-high school basis. This, ofcourse, suggests the junior college. These are significantfacts in considering the purposes of universal secondaryeducation. The four-year colleges and the universitiescannot meet the needs of these youth without turningthemselves into trade-schools on a vast scale. Why shouldwe attempt to do it? Why not relegate this whole taskof completing general secondary and of providing short-term vocational and trade-school education to the secondary schools? To do this would accomplish two veryfine educational objectives. First, it would enable us tothink of junior high school, senior high school, and thejunior college as the divisions of secondary education,and they could be organized into a well integrated unit.They could all become a part of the local public schoolsystems. They could then serve three major educationalobjectives: (a) the giving of a good general educationto all youth at public expense; (b) provide all youthwho are going into employment short-term vocational(Continued on page 24)24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEATHLETICS—(Continued from page 19)ment of football and the substitution for it of gymnastics,swimming, wrestling, or tennis, then we should have todo so. There is so much to be said without misrepresentation in favor of athletics at this time, that it seemsa shame to toss up any phony arguments. Unlike agreat many things which these days are being forciblytied onto the war wagon, athletics actually has a solidand undeniable case. The argument that chinawareand permanent waves for women increase home moraleand thereby contribute significantly to the war effort ispretty foolish. It is not necessary for athletics to deviseany ostentatious new arguments to prove its worth, andit might be a good time to get rid of some of the old-timeshibboleths, such as, again, the major-minor sportsquestion.The contention that athletics is of importance to thenation at war has some other implications. Its utilityin wartime, urged alone, places athletics in the sameposition as poison gas. As soon as the war is over westop making poison gas. In other words, if athletics has noother, and greater, values than those it possesses in war,it will suffer the fate of all ad hoc enterprises when thehoc is gone. Granted that it is easy to make out the case,it should not be over-stressed. I am afraid that this iswhat has happened in the past and I am sure that it iswhat is happening now. Since the virtues involved inwar are not the same as the virtues involved in peace,athletics must find out which of these virtues it instillsand which it does not. And if it is not to be on thedefensive when the war is ended, it had better find apeacetime rationale better than it had in the last peace.This was the grandstand rationale, the spectacle, theDEVALUATION—(Continued from page 23)education that is adapted to the employment requirements of their respective communities; and (c) providegood basic courses in all the major intellectual disciplinesfor about 25 per cent of the youth who are going oninto the higher branches of learning and into the professions. In the second place, it would purify the objectives of higher education, in that it would be freedfrom the demands of vocationalism which now prostitutehigher education, and it could devote itself to the higherlearning. It would also free higher education from somany extraneous things connected with athletics andsocial life. Furthermore, public higher education couldthen be devoted to those most capable and most worthyof receiving it. There can be no doubt that we are now big-time approach. It was not very good in peace, and,it now appears, it even weakened the other rationaleused when the war began, since the provision of big-timeathletics spectacles required the services of only the bestathletes. The others, the bums, the boys not naturallyendowed with the ability to break ten minutes in coveringtwo miles, too often were left out. The Army and theNavy have complained of this.The rationale of athletics which would be of use inboth war and peace probably is one which is related notto either one nor to conditions specifically involved ineither. It seems to me that the most reasonable rationale for athletics is one which ties it up with people not with men or fighting or women or showmanship — butwith the well-being of people. Thus, involved athleticsbecomes tied to all other facets of human life; the morebasic in human development sports are found to be, themore fundamental the facets. If it is conceded that thebody and the mind of man operate as a unit, then athletics operates as a unit with the training of the mind. Thisnot to say that the two are equally important. It isgenerally granted among scientists that although bodiesare possessed by all animals as well as man, the mentalpowers of man are his earmark, his distinguishing characteristic. But though not on the same level, mentaland physical development are inseparably linked. Thequalities developed by each are enhanced by those developed by the other. This argument becomes, as theopening sentence hinted, abstract. What is worse, it isfairly rough; the looseness of some of the reasoning shocksthat old logician and dialectician, Yancey T. Blade, whosays he has heard better in many a bull session in thebasement of Bartlett. In the job of figuring all this outthough, it's going to be necessary for a lot of peopleto throw in their two cents' worth.wasting a great deal of the public's money in trying toprovide higher education for many who are incapableof profiting by it, and who could be much more economically and adequately educated in secondary schools intheir respective communities; since all cannot profit byhigher learning, it follows that there is a point beyondwhich public support should cease, except for those whodemonstrate capacity and aptitudes for it. It now seemsobvious that the end of the present junior college is thebest terminal point for universal public education. Arigid selection should be made at this point. This selection, of course, should be made upon intellectual and noteconomic qualifications, and the doors of educationalopportunity should be kept open to all youth who possessthese qualifications and who have the desire to pursuehigher education.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 25NEWS OF THE GLASSES* IN THE SERVICE *Paul G. Hesse, MD '42, is at theGreat Lakes Naval Training Station.Bruce Stewart, '35, is a lieutenantin the Army Quartermaster Corps inAustralia.S. Harold Bauer, '35, is in theArmy stationed at Camp Edwards,Massachusetts.LeRoy T. Carlson, '38, is associate supervisor of the audit division ofthe U. S. Army Ordnance, Detroitdistrict.On completing the officer candidatecourse of the Field Artillery Schoolat Fort Sill, Oklahoma, Joseph M.Kacena, '36, has been commissionedsecond lieutenant.William D. Lampard, '41, is in theAmbulance Corps in Egypt.Philip L. Metzger, '38, AM '39,is in the Army at Camp Grant, Illinois.Word has been received that Ensign Frank C. Springer, Jr., '34, isat the Tutuila Naval Station in American Samoa.Joseph L. Page, MD '42, is stationed at the U. S. Naval Hospital atSan Diego, California.Lawrence M. Shefts, MD '35, isa captain in the Medical Corps at the21st General Hospital, Fort Benning,Georgia.Morris Swadesh, '30, AM '31, isa private at Camp Crowder, Missouri.Lee Sutherlin, SM '18, is a majorin the Army Signal Corps at FortMonmouth, New Jersey. Horace M. Gezon, MD '40, is alieutenant stationed at the NationalNaval Medical Center, Bethesda,Maryland.John E. A. Schroder, '41, hasbeen commissioned an ensign aftertraining at the Naval Academy atAnnapolis, Maryland.Paul A. Campbell, '24, MD '28,is a major at the School of AviationMedicine, Randolph Field, Texas.Richard W. Kern, '29, is a firstlieutenant in the Air Corps at Denver,Colorado.Simon Pollack, '31, MD '35, isa captain in the Medical Corps atCamp Hulen, Texas,David O. Robbins, '35, MA '36, istraining at the Naval Reserve Aviation Base, Floyd Bennett Field,Brooklyn, New York.Peter M. Sullivan, '40, has beencommissioned a lieutenant in theNaval Reserve and is on active dutyat Quonset Point, Rhode Island.Arthur L. Cooper, MD '32, is acaptain in the medical department atCamp Wheeler, Georgia.Thomas S. Lehman, MA '41, is aprivate in the Army at Fort Meade,Maryland.Horace B. Fay, Jr., '37, is an ensign flying at the Naval Air Station atPensacola, Florida. At the same station John J. Sherman, MD '41, is alieutenant in the Medical Corps.Kenneth D. Osborn, Jr., '39, isa corporal at Fort Harrison, Indiana.Lt. Commander J. L. McCartney,'21, MD '23, has been assigned to theReceiving Ship at the Brooklyn NavyYard.Marshall S. Waller, '40, writesthat after a twelve weeks' trainingcourse he expects to be sent to England as an aircraft warning serviceofficer. The assignment involves theuse of ultra-high frequency radioequipment in the detection of enemyaircraft.Major Nicholas B. Clinch, '22,is at the Army Flying School in Merced, California.The Medical Field Service Schoolat Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, announces that Major Gladen RobertHamilton, MD '34, is on detachedservice from his duties in the department of extension courses at CarlisleBarracks, to study for two months atthe Command and General School,Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.M. J. MgElligott, '37, has been inScotland and Ireland for over a yeardoing surgery for the U. S. Navy. William A. Earle, '41, is a privateat Camp Haan, California.Willis Barber, '27, is a lieutenantin the Navy Department at Washington, D. C.Dean R. Dickey, JD '26, is withthe Anti-Aircraft Command of theArmy in Washington, D. C.Roy K. Madill, '26, JD '29, isofficer-in-charge of the Navy's branchhydrographic office, Cleveland, Ohio.Lieut. Col. William R. Jordan, JD'16, is in the Coast Artillery Corps atMemphis, Tennessee.Nicholas G. DeDakis, '30, JD'31, is in the Artillery at Camp Barke-William C. Bausch, '20, JD '22,is in the Army Air Corps at ChanuteField, Illinois.Myron D. Davis, '29, JD '31, is atCamp Livingston, Louisiana, in the112th Infantry.Maurice Chavin, '34, JD '36, isin the Field Artillery at Camp Forrest, Tullahoma, Tennessee.Albert E. Noel, '31, is a captainin the Air Corps; Russell P. Sin-aiko, MD '36, is a captain in theMedical Corps; LeRoy W. Mintz,'35, is a petty officer in the Navy;John R. Sampey, Jr., '20, MS '21,PhD '23, is a lieutenant colonel in theInfantry; Barth A. Main a, '39, issecond lieutenant in the Field Artillery; Kenneth E. Garverick, '41, isprivate in the Chemical Warfare Service.Among those reported in the Armyand Navy Medical Corps are the following: Frank Weiss, MD '36;Owen C. Berg, '36, MD '41; Abraham M. Cherner, '32, MD '37;Daniel B. MacCallum, PhD '23,MD '26; Robert C. Greenwood,'37, MD '39; Scott S. Jones, MD'22; Robert P. Rea, MD '32; Harold D. Lillibridge, MD '25; MiltonO. Beebe, Jr., MD '40; Robert L.Johnston, SM '22, MD '26, andMark F. Williams, MD '32.Hugh M. Cole, assistant professorof history, has been commisioned anArmy captain and assigned to theGlen Eyrie FarmFOR CHILDRENDELAVAN LAKE, WISCONSINBOYS and GIRLS 7— 12Farm experience besides camp activities including swimming and boating.June 25 to September 3Send for story of tne Farm. ^VIRGINIA HINKINS BUZZELL, *13Glen Eyrie Farm, Delavan Lake, Wis.26 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEstaff of Lieut. Col. William M.Mather, '17, executive officer forBrigadier General Donald Armstrong.Julian H. Gist, '11, is in the Infantry stationed at the Canal Zone.Others reported in the Service are:Louis E. Shaeffer, '38, is a privatein the Medical Corps; John W.Bond, Jr., '40, is a meteorologist cadetin the Army Air Corps; Willis R.Barber, '27, is a lieutenant in theNavy; Walter E. Clark, Jr., '35, isa private in the Signal Corps; CarvelS. Evans, MD '33, is a major in theArmy Medical Corps; Thomas J.Keelin, Jr., '26, is in the Army; Capt.Ray Vane, '32, is on the staff ofGeneral Marshall MacGruder. NeilHeller, '40, is with the 91st Machine Records Unit; Capt. James L.Browning, '25, MD '28, is in theArmy Medical Corps; John E.Jengk, '37, MBA '38, is in the Navy;David C. Cox, '41, is in the U. S. Marine Reserve; Lee R. Christensen,LLB '21, is a major in the Army.1913William C. Krathwohl, PhD, isdirector of the department of educational tests and measurements andprofessor of mathematics at IllinoisInstitute of Technology, Chicago. 1916Nathan R. Levin reports that besides being assistant librarian and acting secretary of the Chicago PublicLibrary he is also liaison librarian ofthe 6th Corps Area, War Department, by appointment through theAmerican Library Assocation and themorale department of the Army. Heis also active in Temple Emanueland the Jewish Education Board.1917Frank Lyman Schlabagh of DesMoines is sales manager for the Rollins Hosiery Mills.1918Katherine B. Blodgett, SM,known for her discovery of "invisibleglass," has been awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Science fromBrown University. The degree wasgiven at a convocation celebrating thefiftieth anniversary of the foundingof Pembroke College, the undergraduate women's college of Brown.Sent by the coordinator of Inter-American affairs to carry on a pubichealth program, Walter C. Earle,MD '20, will be stationed for theduration of the war in Ecuador andother Latin American countries.After 43 years of service in the Decatur, Illinois, schools, Sarah M.Imboden, has retired from teaching.1921Walter C. Reckless, PhD '25, isprofessor of social administration atOhio State University.Dawson Phelps, AM, is historianfor the National Park Service at Tupelo, Mississippi.1923William R. Mandelcorn is publicrelations counsel at Orlando, Florida.1924Although she holds an active position in the Chicago Woman's Club,Helen I. Soutter, AM '28, hasfound time to collaborate with AnnBrewington in writing a text to beused in the teaching of Gregg shorthand.1925Charlotte S. Piatt, AM, has retired but still keeps her interest inmodern languages which she taughtfor many years. She is living in Chicago and giving lessons in Spanish.Simon Benson, SM '29, PhD '31,is vice-president and director of theWisconsin School of Massage andHydrotherapy in Milwaukee.Irene May Dunn, AM '27, is dis-Taste the Mellow richness fromSwift'si Brown Sugarcure!For easycooking —Get Swift's Premium Ham in theblue and whitepackage. For ham that'sready to eat —Get Swift's Premium Quick Servein the red andwhite package.ASK FOR SWIFT'S PREMIUM HAMMAGAZINE 27THE UNIVBUSINESS DIRECTORYAMBULANCE SERVICEBOYDSTON BROS.All phones OAK. 0492operatingAuthorized Ambulance Servicefor Billings HospitalUniversity Clinics, etc.PACKARD AND LASALLE EQUIPMENTAWNINGSPhonet Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park AwningINC. Co.,Awnings and Canopies for All 'urposes4501 Cottage Grove Aven ueBOILER REPAIRINGBEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO.24-HOUR SERVICELICENSED - BONDEDINSUREDQUALIFIED WELDERSHAYmarket 79171404-08 S. Western Ave.. ChicagoSales Offices: Chicago and New YorkMEDICAL BOOKSof All PublishersThe Largest and Most Complete Stock andall New Books Received as soon as published. Come in and browse.SPEAKMAN'S(Chicago Medical Book Co.)Congress and Honore StreetsOne Block from Rush Medical CollegeTuck PointingMaintenanceCleaning PHONEGRAceland 0800CENTRAL BUILDING CLEANING CO.CalkingStainingMasonryAcid WashingSand BlastingSteam CleaningWater Prooflng 3347 N. Halsted Street RSITY OF CHICAGOtrict supervisor of the rehabilitationdivision of the Wisconsin State Boardof Vocational and Adult Education,Madison.1927After several years of teaching college French, German, and Spanish,lastly at Southwestern College at Winfield, Kansas, Emilie A. Meinhardt,PhD, writes that she is retired and"taking walks, painting, and makingfriends" in Quincy, Illinois.Alta F. Stone is dietitian at theU. S. Veterans Hospital in Alexandria, Louisiana.Melvin Brodshaug, AM, is director of research of Erpi ClassroomFilms, Inc., New York City. 1928Eugene U. Still, PhD, is directorof his own laboratories in Chicago.1929Charles R. Murphy is in Toronto, as manager of the Canadianbranch of Bauer and Black.1931Bess Sondel, PhD '38, is a volunteer instructor of the speakers bureauof Consumers Information Service ofthe OCD in Chicago.Surgeon, researcher, and associateclinical professor of surgery, M.Laurence Montgomery, PhD, is atHow to Make Delicious BABY RUTH COOKIES% cup butter, or V/} cups flourother, shortening y, teaspoon soda% cup white sugar '/j teaspoon saltI egg Vi teaspoon vanilla2 Curtiss 5' BabyRuth Bars, cut in small piecesCURTISS CANDY CO., CHICAGO, ILLINOISFUN TO MAKE • FUN TO EAT/Cream butter and sugar until smooth.Beat in egg. Stir in other ingredients.Chill and drop by half tcaspoonfulon greased cookie sheet. Bake in amoderately hot oven (375° F.) for 10-12minutes. Makes 75 cookies.BUILDING CLEANINGTuck PointingMaintenanceCleaning PHONEGRAceland 0800CENTRAL BUILDING CLEANING CO.CalkingStainingMasonryAcid WashingSand BlastingSteam CleaningWater Prooflng 3347 N. Halsted Street28 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINECATERERJOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900—0901Retail Deliveries Daily and SundaysQuality and Service Since 1882CEMENT CONTRACTORSTe^asy CONCRETE\\ // FLOORSSIDEWALKSMACHINE FOUNDATIONSEMERGENCY WORKALL PHONESest.. 9» Wentworth 44226639 So. Vernon Ave.CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '\1B. R. Harris, 71Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285-6COALEASTMAN COAL CO.Established 1902YARDS ALL OVER TOWNGENERAL OFFICES342 N. Oakley Blvd.Telephone Seeley 4488Wasson-PocahontasCoal Co,6876 South Chicago Ave.Phones: Wentworth 8620-1-2-3-4Wesson's Coal Malces Good— or—Wesson DoeiCOFFEE-TEALa Touraine Coffee Co.IMPORTERS AND ROASTERS OFLA TOURAINECOFFEE AND TEA209-13 MILWAUKEE AVE.. CHICAGOat Lake and Canal Sts.Phone State 1350Boston — New York— Philadelphia — SyraeimELECTRICAL CONTRACTORSWM. FECHT ELECTRIC CO.CONTRACTORS - ENGINEERSLIGHT & POWER CONSTRUCTION\a# i i m i TelephoneW. Jackson Blvd. Seeley 2788 the University of California in SanFrancisco.Ralph M. McGrath, SM '36,is teaching at Howe Military Schoolin Howe, Indiana.1932After teaching languages for sixyears and spending two years at theInternational School in Geneva,Switzerland, Mary S. Waller reports that she is now secretary of theboard of admissions at MacMurrayCollege, Jacksonville, Ilinois. Shesays that her hobbies are music, hercocker spaniel, Judy, and "things international — speaking for General de-Gaulle and the Free French."Ruth Shaw Bach is a socialworker with the American Red Crossat Fort Huachuca, Arizona.1933Bion B. Howard is in the consumer durable goods branch of theOffice of Price Administration inWashington, D. C.Milton Friedman, AM, is inWashington as an economist with thedivision of tax research of the Treasury Department.Victor Lorber, who took his M.D.at the University of Illinois, is aninstructor in the department of physiology at the University of Mnnesota.1934Claude M. Langton, PhD, is assistant chief geologist of the HoustonOil Company, Houston, Texas.Irving Wilk is an accountant inChicago.1935Richard F. Boyd, MD, has transferred from the Kansas state boardof health, Topeka, to the Illinois statedepartment of public health, Springfield, where he is assistant chief ofthe division of local health administration.George Peck, MBA '37, is assistant superintendent of the MichaelReese Hospital in Chicago.1936Bert Lindsey, AM, is supervisorof education at the U. S. Penitentiaryin Terre Haute, Indiana.1937Murray Monroe Wise, AM, iswith the State Department in Washington.William G. Dibos is professor ofmodern languages at SouthwesternCollege, Winfield, Kansas.Hugh H. Steele, MD, is a physician at the Colorado State Hospital,Pueblo.1938Jack Rubin, PhD '41, is a chemist ELECTRICAL SUPPLIESENGLEWOODELECTRICAL SUPPLY CO.Distributors, Manufacturers and Jobbers ofELECTRICAL MATERIALS ANDFIXTURE SUPPLIES5801S. Halsted Street Englewood7500EMPLOYMENTCOLOREDDOMESTIC HELPFurnishedDay or NightReferences investigated.Englewood Employment Agency5530 S. State Phone-Englewood 3 1 8 1 -3 1 82Street Night-Englewood 3181Established 20 yearsENGRAVERSFLORISTSKenwood 1352WE DELIVER ANYWHEREKIDWELLALL PURPOSE FLORISTJAMES E. KIDWELL826 E. 47th St., Chicago, 111.GRAPHIC ARTSTHE SCRIPTORIUMScribes • Illuminators • BindersC L RICKETTS JASPER S KINGIf it is said to last a lifetime or longer, sayit sincerely with well-chosen words in beautiful, imperishable designMESSAGES OF APPRECIATION. RESOLUTIONS, ILLUMINATED INSCRIPTIONS,MEMORIALS; BIRTHDAY, CHRISTMASAND GUEST BOOKS; CRESTS, COATSOF ARMS, TITLE PAGES- •DIPLOMAS, CITATIONS,HONORARY DEGREES, CHARTERSValued papers and letters restoredand bound38 SOUTH DEARBORN STREETDEARBORN 0001 CHICAGOTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 29at the Alabama Ordnance Works,Childersburg.Sadie Brenner, SM, PhD '41, isa chemist with the Bureau of HomeEconomics, U. S. Department ofAgriculture, at Beltsville, Maryland.A journalist with the UnitedPress, Catesby Jones is living inHavana, Cuba.1939Marcia S. Lakeman is a memberof the Seattle, Washington, defenseambulance corps.A communication analyst, I. L.Janis is with the social defense unitof the Department of Justice in Washington, D. C.Robert E. Clark, AM, is sociologist actuary at the StatesvillePrison, Illinois.Robert H. Lochner, AM '41, iswith NBC in New York City, broadcasting on shortwaves to Germany.GIFTS 1940Guy W. Meyer is minister of theFirst Universalist Church in Stockton,Illinois.Walter Rothstein, MBA, isstudying at the Harvard Law School.Teaching social studies, Jean Burtis at the Woodstock Junior HighSchool, Woodstock, Illinois.. 1941As supervisor of Dupont's acid laboratory, Walter J. Skraba is livingin Shocco Springs, Talladega, Alabama.BORNTo Dorothy Wells Plagge, '38,and James C. Plagge, '37, PhD '40,a daughter, Susan Wells, on May 11.The Plagges are in Baltimore wherehe is assistant professor of grossanatomy at the University of Maryland School of Medicine.LAUNDRIESLovelyTable AppointmentsFINE CHINA, CRYSTALGOLDEN DIRILYTESILVERGifts — Imported and Domestic.For Quality and Distinction seeDIRIGO, INC.70 E. Jackson Blvd. Chicago, DI.GROCERIESLEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyde Park 9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVER SUNSHINE LAUNDRYCOMPANYAll ServicesDry Cleaning?9I5 Cottage Grove Ave.Telephone Victory 51 10LETTER SERVICEPOND LETTER SERVICEEverything in LettersHooven TypewritingMultigraphingAddressograph Service MimeographingAddressingMailingHighest Quality Service Minimum PricesAll Phones 418 So. Market St.Harrison 8118 ChieagoLITHOGRAPHERE. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planogroph — Offset — Printing731 Plymouth CourtWabash 8182OFFICE FURNITUREBTEELCA5E^Business EquipmentFILING CABINETSDESKS — LOCKERSCUPBOARDS — SHELVINGMetal Of Hee Furniture Co. Crand Keplda. Mlehlatesa HAIR REMOVED FOREVERBEFORE20 Years' ExperienceFREE CONSULTATIONLOTTIE A. METCALFEELECTROLYSIS EXPERTG ra duate N u rseMultiple 20 platinum needles can beused. Permanent removal of Hair fromFace, Eyebrows, Back of Neck or anypart of Body; destroys 200 to 600 HairRoots per hour.Removal of Facial Veins, Moles andWarts.Member American Attn. Medital Hydrology antiPhysical Therapy, Also EUdrologhti Associationo/ Illinois$1.75 per Treatment for HairTelephone FHA 4885Suite 1705. Stevens Bldg.17 No. State St.Perfect Loveliness Is Wealth in BeautyOPTICIANSNELSON OPTICAL CO.1138 East63 rd StreetHyde Park5352Dr. Nels R. Nelson, OptometristPAINTERSGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Pe intinq — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3186RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING & DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMonroe 3192PHOTOGRAPHERMOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago . . State 87S0OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNI30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEPLASTERINGHOWARD F. NOLANPLASTERING, BRICKandCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. Lake Park Ave.Telephone Dorchester 1579PRINTERSCLARKE-McELROYPUBLISHING CO.6140 Cottage Grove AvenueMidway 3935"Good Printing of All Descriptions"HIGHEST RATED IN UNITED STATESENGRAVERS SINCE 1906 + WORK DONE BY ALL PROCESSES -f+ ESTIMATES GLADLY FURNISHED +? ANY PUBLISHER OUR REFERENCE -»RAYNERr• DALHEIM £xCO.2054 W. LAKE ST., CHICAGO.RESIDENTIAL HOTELSBLACKSTONEHALLanExclusive Women's Hotelin theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering Graceful Living to University and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALL5748 TelephoneBlackstone Ave. Plaza 3313Verna P. Werner, DirectorRESTAURANTSThe Best Place to Eat on the South Side(PheipL J V>ketUCOLONIAL RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone Hyde Park 6324 ENGAGEDBetty Hawk, '40, of New YorkCity, to John M. Hartwell of Boston,teacher of mathematics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Louise Cummins, '42, to David F.Matchett, Jr., JD '35.MARRIEDAnn J. Bednarik to Joseph J.Ceithaml, '37, PhD '41, on May 9at Bond Chapel. At home, 9709South Vanderpoel Avenue, Chicago.Mary McKenna to Frank D. Cur-tin, PhD '39, on September 16, 1941.Mr. Curtin is instructor of English atCornell University.Alice Pettersen of Elmhurst, Illinois, to Richard H. Sidell, '37, MD'40 of the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, onDecember 27, 1941.Jean Pickard, '35, to RichardWestnedge. At home, Cordova, Alabama.Eileen J. Fitzpatrick to JosephPerlson, MD '36, on January 25.Dr. Perlson is physician and surgeonat the Patton State Hospital, Patton,California.Grace Eckhart to BernardSchwartz, '30, on May 4. Dr.Schwartz is physician in the CCCcamp at Blackwell, Wisconsin.Kathryn I. MacLennan, '39, ofChicago to George R. Barry, '40, onMay 16 in Bond Chapel. At home,5746 Drexel Avenue, Chicago, whilehe is completing his senior year inmedical school.Clementine J. Vander Schaegh,'39 to Richard S. Ferguson, '38, onMay 26. Lieut, and Mrs. Fergusonare at home in Cheyenne, Wyoming.Elizabeth K. Sayler, '35, to William Emerson Frye, PhD '41, onJune 13 in Chicago. At home, 3848Capitol Street, S.E., Washington,D. C.DIEDCharles W. Chase, '99, on May10, in Chicago. Mr. Chase was anational figure as a traction executive and had been president of theChicago Surface Lines since April1941.John G. Hayden, '02, MD '04, aleading surgeon of Kansas City, Missouri, in April.Clyde W. Sherwood, AM '40, onMarch 17, at Fargo, North Dakota.Achsa Parker, AM '04, on May18, at Perryville, Rhode Island.George G. Tunell, PhD '97, onApril 29, in Chicago. Mr. Tunellwas tax cornmissioner for the Santa ROOFERSESTABLISHED 1908GROVE .ROOFINGFAirfax5206til LLC LAND6644 COTTAGE GROVE Av^ROOFING and INSULATINGRUGSAshjian Bros., inc.ESTABLISHED 1921Oriental and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED8066 South Chicago Phone Regent 6000SCHOOLS— COMMERCIALcoU-t**Offers young men and womenunexcelled preparation for business careers in the shortest timeconsistent with thoroughness.StenographicSecretarialCourt ReportingBookkeeping andAccountingDAY AND EVENING SESSIONSThe Year 'RoundCall for FREE vocational guidance booklet "The Doorway ToOpportunity." Visit the collegeany week day.(coeducational)The Gregg CollegePresident, John Robert Gregg, S.CD.Director, Paul M. Pair, M.A.6 N. Michigan Avenue at Madison StreetState 1881INTENSIVE¦ STENOGRAPHIC COURSEfor College PeopleSuperior training for practical, personal use or profitable employment. Course gives you dictation speedof 100 words a minute. Classes begin January, April.July and October. Enroll Now. Write or phone forbulletin.BRYANT & STRATTON College18 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago Tel: RAN. 1575THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESCHOOLS— COMMERCIALMacCormac School ofCommerceBusiness Administration and SecretarialTrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESAccredited by the National Association of Accredited Commercial Schools.1170 E. 63rd St. H. P- 21.30SHEET METAL WORKSECONOMY SHEET METAL WORKS•Galvanized Iron and Copper CornicesSkylights, Gutters, Down SpoutsTile, Slate and Asbestos Roofing1927 MELROSE STREETBuckingham 1893TEACHERS' AGENCIESAlbert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau formen and women in all kinds of teachingpositions. Large and alert College andState Teachers' College departments forDoctors and Masters; forty per cent of ourbusiness. Critic and Grade Supervisors forNormal Schools placed every year in largenumbers; excellent opportunities. Specialteachers of Home Economics, Business Administration, Music, and Art, secure finepositions through us every year. PrivateSchools in all parts of the country amongour best patrons; good salaries. Well prepared High School teachers wanted for cityand suburban High Schools. Special manager handles Grade and Critic work. Sendfor folder today.AMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. JACKSON BOULEVARDCHICAGOA Bureau of Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field.It is affliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.CLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency60th YearNationwide ServiceFive Offices — One Fee64 E- Jackson BlvcL ChicagoMinneapolis — Kansas City, Mo.Spokane — New YorkHUGHES TEACHERS AGENCY25 E. JACKSON BLVD.Telephone Harrison 7798Chicago, III.Member National Associationof Teachers AgenciesGenerally recognized as en* of tho leading Teacher*Agencies of tho United States. Fe railroad prior to his retirement inDecember 1941.Eugene J. Mayer, '26, at Miami,Florida.William F. Thrall, AM '15, PhD'20, on October 15, 1941, at ChapelHill, where he was professor of English at the University of North Carolina.Merton L. Head, MD '94, on December 17, 1941, at Albert Lea, Minnesota.SOCIAL SERVICEDean Abbott, Miss Breckinridge,Miss Browning, Miss Wildy, and MissWalker attended the National Conference of Social Work at New Orleans,held May 16-20. During the conference approximately 200 former students of the School of Social ServiceAdministration met together for avery interesting and friendly meeting.Stuart Jaffary, PhD '39, spoke tothe group concerning his recent tripto England and the contributionwhich American social workers mightmake there. Several others of thegroup spoke and Miss Abbott gave abrief report.Dean Abbott delivered the convocation address at Tulane Universityon June 3, where she was granted thehonorary degree of Doctor of Laws.Ruth Bartlett, '24, has recentlyleft the State Department of PublicWelfare in Illinois to join the staff ofthe Social Security Board in Washington.Katherine Kousghuetzky, AM'33, has taken a position as case worksupervisor in the Associated Charitiesof Colorado Springs, Colorado.Miriam Leavitt, AM '36, has accepted the position of director of social service in the behavior clinic ofthe criminal court of Cook County.Alice Voiland, AM '36, has returned to Chicago to be an associatedistrict superintendent in the UnitedCharities.J. Kenneth Mulligan, AM '37,has been appointed technical analystwith the Social Security Board inChicago.Beatrice McKibbin, AM '38, hasleft the Illinois Children's Home andAid Society to take a position ascounty supervisor of the children's division of the New York Departmentof Public Welfare.Regina Mendel, AM '39, is working with the Michigan crippled children's program in Lansing. Janet Pleak, AM '39, has beenmade director of child welfare servicesin the children's division of the StateDepartment of Public Welfare inIllinois.Bido Purvis, AM '39, has accepteda position with the Social SecurityBoard in Birmingham, Alabama.Marie Waite, AM '39, has joinedthe staff of the social service department of the University of ChicagoClinics.Arthur Snyder, AM !40, has beenmade assistant secretary for the Community Chest Association of KansasCity, Kansas.Julia Hall, AM '40, has accepteda position as medical social worker inthe Provident Hospital, Maryland.Bertram Beck, AM '42, has accepted a position as case worker withthe Jewish Social Service Bureau ofChicago.William K. Tuttle, AM '42, hasbeen appointed case worker with theSolano Welfare Department, Dixon,California.UNDERTAKERSBOYDSTON BROS., INC.UNDERTAKERSSince 18924227-29-31 Cottage Grove Ave.AN Phones OAKIand 0492UNIFORMSTailored Uniforms Made to MeasureWomen Doctors and Nurses, Stock sizeInterne SuitsANEDA McSWEENY1910 So. Ogden AvenueSEEley 3734 Evenings by AppointmentVENTILATINGThe Haines CompanyVentilating and Air ConditioningContractors1929-1937 West Lake St.Phones Seeley 2765-2766-2767J give and bequeath to the University of Chicago the sumof (signed) 32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEINDEX FOR VOLUME 34 (1941-42)ARTICLES Month— PageAlumni Authors Nov. 50Alumni Day in the Gardens, Arthur Cody. . . . . . .Nov. 30Alumni in Action Nov. 52Alumni Medals and Citations Nov. 16, June Inside CoversAlumni School . . . . .Nov. 28, May 17Alumnus Makes a Plea, Lewis M. Norton May 9Ambassadors and Artists Nov. 28Anniversary Dollars Nov. 5Athletics, Don Morris Feb. 16, Mar. 13, Apr. 17, May 13, June 19Back to College at 34, Albert Parry . . . . Oct. 14Behind Your Front Page Nov. 8Bird's-Eye View of the Celebration, Howard Hudson. Nov. 6Captain G. L. Dosland, J. D. '26. . . Apr. 21Chapel Sermon, Robert M. Hutchins Apr. 5Chicago in Washington, Thomas J. Leonard .Dec. 15Chicago's Dollars Nov. 4Chicago Plan Mar. 3Comptroller's 50th Anniversary Report. Nov. 5Counterfeit Bachelor's Degree, William Pearson Tolley June 7Devaluation of the Educational Currency, Homer P.Rainey June 6Eyes of Texas, Homer P. Rainey Nov. 19Fifty Years Ago, Elizabeth Wallace Oct. 3Friends of the Library, M. Llewellyn Raney June 12Governor of Illinois, Dwight H. Green. Nov. 18Highlights in Pictures Nov. 33Honorary Degree Recipients Nov. 10I'll Never Forget, Wm. Henry Friedman, Fritz Leiber,Jr Apr. 20I'll Never Forget, Thomas D. Howells, I. P. Daniel, Geo. E.Prinsen, Arnold Lieberman, Caryl Cody Pfanstiehl Mar. 15I'll Never Forget, Alexander J. Isaacs, Mary DewhurstMiles May 15It Was a Great Day, David Daiches Nov. 15It Was News Nov. 8James Westfall Thompson, James L. Cate Jan. 10Kurt Riezler, Wayne Shuttee May 21Leo C. Rosten, Ph.D. '37, Elmer Gertz Mar. 9Letter from England, David Daiches. Dec. 8Letter to Little Julie, Milton Mayer June 8Life Begins, Howard Hudson Nov. 6Mathematicians' Dream, John O'Connell May 3Most Difficult Business, I, Gordon J. Laing Dec. 12Most Difficult Business, II, Gordon J. Laing. Jan. 18New Financial Squeeze, Harvey C. Daines Feb. 3New Frontiers, John D. Rockefeller, Jr Nov. 3New Frontiersmen Nov. 10News of the Classes Each IssueNews of the Quadrangles Each IssueNext Fifty Years, Robert M. Hutchins Nov. 9Note from Manila, Conrado Benitez Dec. 7Notes for a Dilettante, David Daiches Jan. 7, Feb. 10, Mar. 5, Apr. 10, May 7, June 11Now It Can Be Told Oct. 13One Man's Army, Cody Pfanstiehl ..... Mar. 6, Apr. 12, May 10, June 14Owls to Athens, Robert M. Hutchins Nov. 25Professor Talks to Himself, Cyrus S. Eaton Apr. 3Return of the Midway Nov. 50Reunion Chairman Gives the Nod, John J. McDonough. Nov. 51Reunion, 1942 May 16, June 18Reunion Reports, George A. Works, Marie Wolfe Vernon,Elliodore M. Libonati Nov. 31Revolution on the Campus Feb. 18Saga of the Secretary Feb. 21Science at the Celebration, Ralph Gerard Nov. 12Shailer Mathews Nov. 23Spirit of the Samurai, Wm. H. McNeill. . . May 5Stars and the War, Otto Struve June 3Straightforward Man . Jan. 25Study of War, Brownlee Haydon June 9Table-Talk for 8,000,000, Brownlee Haydon... Feb. 13Three Voices on Education Nov. 21University at War, Robert M. Hutchins Jan. 3University, Its Students and the War, Robert M. Hutchins Dec. 3 Month— PageUniversity's Citizens Board . . Nov. 4Victory's Librarian — Althea Warren, B.S. '08. . . .. .Mar. 18West Dakota College, Stephen M. Corey Apr. 6Women, Work, and the War, Brownlee Haydon. . . Apr. 8AUTHORSBenitez, Conrado, Note from Manila; , Dec.Cate, James L., James Westfall Thompson Jan.Corey, Stephen M., West Dakota College Apr,Daiches, David, It Was a Great Day Nov., Letter from England Dec., Notes for a Dilettante Jan. 7, Feb. 10, Mar. 5, Apr. 10, May 7, JuneDaines, Harvey C. New Financial Squeeze .Feb.Daniel, I. P., I'll Never Forget Mar.Eaton, Cyrus S., Professor Talks to Himself Apr.Friedman, Wm. Henry, Fll Never Forget ....Apr.Gardner, Martin, News of the Quadrangles. Jan.Gerard, Ralph, Science at the Celebration Nov.Gertz, Elmer, Leo C. Rosten, Ph.D. '37 Mar.Green, Dwight H., Governor of Illinois Nov.Haydon, Brownlee, Study of War June, Table-Talk for 8,000,000 Feb. , Women, Work, and the War Apr.Howells, Thomas D., I'll Never Forget Mar.Hudson, Howard, Life Begins Nov.Hutchins, Robert M., Owls to Athens Nov., Chapel Sermon Apr., Next Fifty Years . . Nov., University at War. . . . . Jan.f University, Its Students, and the War. . .Dec.Isaacs, Alexander J., I'll Never Forget MayLaing, Gordon J., Most Difficult Business, I Dec. —, Most Difficult Business, II Jan.Leiber, Fritz, Jr., I'll Never Forget Apr.Leonard, Thomas J., Chicago in Washington .Dec.Lieberman, Arnold, I'll Never Forget Mar.Lundy, Bernard, News of the Quadrangles Oct.Mayer, Milton, Letter to Little Julie. JuneMcDonough, John J., Reunion Chairman Gives the Nod... Nov.McNeill, Wm. H., Spirit of the Samurai MayMiles, Mary Dewhurst, I'll Never Forget MayMorris, Don, Athletics Feb. 16, Mar. 13, Apr. 17, May 13, JuneNorton, Lewis M., Alumnus Makes a Plea MayO'Connell, John, Mathematicians' Dream . . .MayParry, Albert, Back to College at 34 Oct.Pfanstiehl, Caryl Cody, I'll Never Forget Mar.Pfanstiehl, Cody, One Man's Army Mar. 6, Apr. 12, May 10, JunePrinsen, George E., I'll Never Forget Mar.Rainey, Homer P., Eyes of Texas Nov., Devaluation of the Educational Currency... JuneRaney, M. Llewellyn, Friends of the Library JuneRockefeller, John D., Jr., New Frontiers Nov.Shuttee, Wayne, Kurt Riezler MayStruve, Otto, Stars and the War JuneTolley, William Pearson, Counterfeit Bachelor's Degree... JuneWallace, Elizabeth, Fifty Years Ago Oct. 7106151131532014129189138156255151519931415141519BOOK REVIEWSAnderson, Nels: Desert Saints; Mormons on the UtahFrontier '. Apr. 32Freeman, Martin Joseph: Bitter Honey (David Daiches) . . . ' Feb. 32Gottschalk, Louis : Lafayette and the Close of the American Revolution Apr. 32Knox, John, Editor : Religion and the Present Crisis . Apr. 32Lewis, Dr. Julian: The Biology of the Negro Apr. 32Meine, Franklin J., Editor : Stories of the Streets and ofthe Town by George Ade ( W. P. S.) Mar. 27Nef, John U. : The United States and Civilization (JohnMcGrath) Mar. 27RECIPIENTS OF CITATIONS FROM THE COLLEGE DIVISIONSelection Limited to Members of College Classes Prior to 1906Riley H. Allen, Honolulu, T. H.— Editor of Star-Bulletin since 1912; civicleader; decorated by Russian Government for commanding Children's Relief Ship in 1920Harlan H. Barrows, Chicago. — Professorand chairman of department of geography, University of Chicago; past president of American Association of GeographersCharlton T. Beck, Chicago. — Alumnisecretary; an untiring and unselfishworker for the University; for manyyears prominent in the Boy Scout movement, Y.M.C.A., and other public service organizationsArthur E. Bestor, New York City. —President of Chautauqua Institution;chairman of board, Town Hall, Inc.; aleader in adult educationJacob Billikopf, Philadelphia, Pa. — Director of Labor Standards Association;one of the country's pioneers in socialwelfareEliot Blackwelder, Stanford University,Calif. — Professor and head of department of geology, Stanford University;former president of Geological Societyof AmericaWilliam R. Blair, Washington, D. C —Director, U. S. Signal Corps Laboratories; one of the nation's outstandingmeteorologistsEdward Eagle Brown, Chicago. — President of First National Bank; presidentof Advisory Council of the Federal Reserve SystemEdward V. L. Brown, Chicago. — Rushprofessor of ophthalmology, Universityof Illinois, and for fifteen years professor of ophthalmology at the Universityof ChicagoRalph C. Brown, Chicago. — Physicianspecializing in internal medicine and diagnosis; clinical professor of medicine,Rush Medical College of the Universityof Chicago for nearly twenty yearsNelson L. Buck, Chicago. — Investmentcounselor; director of William WrigleyJr. Company; formerly president ofEvanston Community ChestStephen R. Capps, Washington, D. C. —Assistant chief geologist of U. S. Geological Survey; the country's leading authority on the geology of AlaskaEmma Perry Carr, South Hadley, Mass.— Professor and chairman of department of chemistry, Mount Holyoke College; recipient of Garvan gold medal ofthe American Chemical SocietyRollin T. Chamberlin, Chicago. — Professor of geology, University of Chicago;long-time editor of the Journal of GeologyCharles W. Collins, Chicago. — Journalist, author, dramatic critic; editor of ALine o' Type or Two column in theChicago Tribune.Frank W. DeWolf, Urbana, 111.— Headof department of geology and geography,University of Illinois; former director ofIllinois State Geological SurveyShirley Farr, Brandon, Vt. — Vice-president of board of trustees, Ripon College, and of Vermont Children's AidSociety; actively interested in educational and philanthropic workG. George Fox, Chicago. — Organizer,founder, and rabbi of South Shore Temple ; founder of Jewish Students Foundation, University of ChicagoHelen Gardner, Chicago. — Professor ofhistory of art and chairman of the department in the school, Art Institute of Chicago; author of two authoritativebooks in her chosen fieldHarry O. Gillet, Chicago. — Principal ofthe University of Chicago ElementarySchool; a long and continuing influenceon education; active in civic affairsThomas J. Hair, Chicago. — Vice-president and treasurer of Elam Mills, Inc.;authority in farm management and flourmilling; former member of state legislature; active in civic and religious lifeof the communityNoble Sproat Heaney, Chicago. — Physician; Rush professor of obstetrics andgynecology, University of Illinois; department chief, Presbyterian HospitalCora deGraff Heineman, Chicago. —Housewife but active in the work ofwomen's organizations; since 1938 asane and courageous member of theChicago Board of EducationEarl Dean Howard, Chicago. — Laboradviser to City of Chicago; former professor of sociology and economics, Northwestern University; an authority on industrial relationsArchibald L. Hoyne, Chicago. — Physician; clinical professor of pediatrics,University of Chicago; medical superintendent of Municipal Contagious Disease HospitalWalter L. Hudson, Chicago. — Assistantvice-president of Harris Trust & SavingsBank; former treasurer of Adult Education Council; vice-president of ChicagoHome for the FriendlessGeorge P. Jackson, Nashville, Tenn. —Head of department and professor ofGerman, Vanderbilt University; organizer of the Nashville Symphony Society;an authority on spiritual folk songsAgness J. Kaufman, Chicago. — Registrarat Illinois Institute of Technology;formerly assistant to director and registrar, Lewis Institute in Chicago; an expert in personnel relationsLee W. Maxwell, New York City. — Publisher; former president of Crowell Publishing Company; Liberty Loan and RedCross administratorFrank McNair, Chicago. — Vice-presidentand director of Harris Trust & SavingsBank; director of Children's MemorialHospital; member of board of trustees,University of ChicagoJohn Mills, New York City. — Directorof publication, Bell Telephone Laboratories; research engineer and publicist;one of the group that developed thefirst transcontinental and transatlantictelephoneCarl S. Miner, Chicago. — Consultingchemist; director of Miner Laboratories;past chairman of Chicago section ofAmerican Chemical Society; recipient ofModern Pioneer AwardHarry E. Mock, Chicago. — Surgeon;senior surgeon at St. Lukes Hospital;associate professor at Northwestern University Medical School; author of notein fields of surgery and physiotherapyHarold H. Nelson, Chicago. — Professor,acting director, field director of OrientalInstitute, University of Chicago; anEgyptologist of international renownDallas B. Phemister, Chicago. — Surgeon; professor and chairman of department of surgery, University of Chicago;former member of department of surgery, Rush Medical CollegeWilber E. Post, Chicago. — Physician;Rush professor of medicine at University of Illinois; attending physician,Presbyterian Hospital Ernest E. Quantrell, New York City. —Investment securities; trustee, University of Chicago, Atlanta University,Morehouse College, Spelman College,and Grand Central Art GalleriesDonald R. Richberg, Washington, D. C.— Practicing attorney; formerly generalcounsel and chairman of board of National Recovery Administration; executive director National Emergency Council; co-author of Railway Labor Act andNational Industrial Recovery ActJames Sheldon Riley, Los Angeles, Calif.— Investment banker (retired) ^vice-president of Los Angeles Orthopaedic Hospital; Los Angeles chairman for industryin Liberty Loan campaignsDavid Allan Robertson, Baltimore, Md.— President of Goucher College; formerdean of College of Arts, Literature andScience, University of Chicago; associatedirector of American Council on EducationWalter S. Rogers, New York City. — Director of Institute of Current WorldAffairs; adviser to American delegationto Peace Conference in 1919Clarence W. Sills, Chicago. — (Retired)President of Sills Troxell and Minton,securities; a generous contributor oftime and money to civic and educational activitiesKellogg Speed, Chicago. — Surgeon; professor of surgery, University of Illinois;chief of surgical service, PresbyterianHospital; former president of ChicagoSurgical Society and Western SurgicalAssociationMyrtle Irene Starbird, Evanston, 111. —Teacher of English in Senn High School,Chicago; active in organizations for underprivileged children and young people; a generous and indefatigableworker for the University of ChicagoDavid B. Stern, Chicago. — President, A.G. Becker & Company, Inc., investmentbankers; liberal contributor of time andmoney to civic and philanthropic movementsDouglas Sutherland, Chicago. — Executive secretary, Civic Federation of Chicago since 1910; delegate to Fifth Illinois Constitutional Convention; memberof State Educational Commission; secretary of Illinois State Tax Conferencein 1931Narcissa Cox Vanderlip, Scarborough-on-Hudson, N. Y. — President of boardof trustees of New York Infirmary forWomen and Children; former presidentof New York State League of WomenVotersMargaret Wilson (Mrs. G. D. Turner),London, England. — Writer; author ofThe Able McLaughlins (Pulitzer prizewinner) ; active in prison reformAgnes R. Wayman, New York City. —Head of department of physical education, Barnard College; recipient of distinguished service award of AmericanAssociation for Health, Physical Education and Recreation; later president ofthat organizationMonroe N. Work, Tuskegee Institute,Ala. — Director for thirty years of department of records and research, Tuskegee Institute ; founder and editor of theNegro Year Book; recipient of HarmonFoundation's first award in educationHerbert P. Zimmerman, Chicago. — Vice-president of R. R. Donnelley & SonsCompany: trustee of Universitv of Chicago: chairman of board of directors ofthe Alumni FoundationBUYUNITEDSTATESDEFENSEBONDSANDSTAMPS