'rmri :&i\; .fe -- « £' *.".; * i* if* 3? ¦ * -' ' •¦/ ;.^*1 ^.Y'»*. II;,^^fc3I^; .4v*n^Editor, lawyer, student,salesman . . . (see page I)'eriod R. R« '-r£fr*W 30 1942THE UNIVERSITY OPCHICAGO MAGAZINEJANUARY 19 4 2/t ~eo3fe you women*TO BELONG TO THE BOOK- OF -THE -MONTH CLUBt/eV,m tkepaatuewIF YOU WERE A MEMBER ANDHAD BOUGHT THESE SELECTIONSYOU WOULD HAVE RECEIVED X^ (xf medC VW%4 *fflCOPictured here are the most recent books that were Club Selectionsand Book-Dividends. Members do not have to take the selectionevery month; they may buy as few as four a year. But wheneverthey do buy the Club's selections they receive one book-dividendFREE for every two selections they buy.OVER 425,000 families— thus atthe very least, over a milliondiscriminating book-readers —now belong to the Book-of-the-MonthClub. They do so, in order to keepthemselves from missing the important new books they are really interested in.Time and again you buy the "book-of-the-month" — not knowing it haspreviously been chosen by our judges— merely because some discerningfriend has said warmly: "There's abook you must not miss." How sensible to get these books from the Club,since you pay no more for the booksyou buy, and save enormously in otherways.LIST OF SELECTIONS SHOWN ABOVEBERLIN DIARY, William L. ShirerTHE KEYS OF THE KINGDOMDr. A. J. CroninOUT OF THE NIGHT, Jan ValtinFOR WHOM THE BELL TOLLSErnest HemingwayBLOOD, SWEAT AND TEARSWinston ChurchillH. M. PULHAM, ESQUIREJohn P. MarquandDARKNESS AT NOON, Arthur KoestlerJUNIOR MISS, Sally BensonKABLOONA, Gontran de PoncinsSAPPHIRA AND THE SLAVE GIRLWilla CatherMY NAME IS ARAM, William SaroyanEMBEZZLED HEAVEN, Franz WerjelNEW ENGLAND: INDIAN SUMMERVan Wyck BrooksTHE AMERICAN PRESIDENCYHarold J. LaskiMRS. MINIVER, Jan StrutherYou are not obliged, as a subscriberof the Club, to take the book-of-the-month its judges choose. Nor are youobliged to buy one book every month.You receive a carefully written reportabout the book-of-the-month chosenby our four judges, in advance of itspublication. If it is a book you reallywant, you let it come to you. If not, you merely sign and mail a slip,saying, "Don't want it."Scores of other careful recommendations are made to helpyou choose among all newbooks with discrimination. Ifyou want to buy one of these,you merely ask for it.In addition, there is a greatmoney-saving. For every twobooks-of-the-month you buyyou receive, free, one of ourbook-dividends.LIST OF BOOK-DIVIDENDSSHOWN AT THE RIGHTBARTLETT'S FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS(special thin paper edition) $6.00READERS DIGEST READER(the best articles and features of the past 18years in The Reader's Digest Magazine) $3.OXFORD BOOK OF ENGLISH VERSE(new revised edition, boxed) $3.00A TREASURY OF THE WORLD'SGREAT LETTERSEdited by M. Lincoln Schuster $3.75LEAVES OF GRASS(new illustrated edition) by Walt Whitman$5.00SHORT STORIES FROMTHE NEW YORKER(a collection of sixty-eight stories from TheNew Yorker Magazine) $3.00JOSEPH IN EGYPT(2 volumes, boxed) by Thomas Mann $5.00DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHAby Cervantes (specially illustrated withwoodcuts) $5.00ANNA KARENINA(2 vols, illustrated) by Leo Tolstoy....$5.00During 1940 over $5,000,000 worthof free books (figured at retail value)were given to the Club's members-given, not sold! You pay no yearlysum to belong. You pay nothing, except for the books you buy— and youpay for these no more than the regularretail price (frequently less) plus 10^to cover postage and other mailingcharges. Your only obligation is to buyfour books-of-the-month a year. A FREE COPY...TO NEW MEMBERSOF ANY ONE OF THE BOOK-DIVIDENDS ABOVE,AND LISTED AT LEFTBegin your subscription, to the Book-of-the-MonthClub with one of its selections listed at the extremeleft. Surely, among them is one you have promisedyourself to get and read. As a new member, the Clubwill send you free, any one of the recent book-dividends also listed at the left.BOOK-OF-THE-MONTHCLUB, 385 Madison Ave., N. Y.Please enroll me as a member. I am to receive a freecopy of any one of your recent book-dividends listed atthe left, and for every two books-of-the-month I purchasefrom the Club, I am to receive free, the current book-dividend then being distributed. I agree to purchase atleast four books-of-the-month a year from the Club.Name Address.. Pleas. Print PlainlyCity Begin My Subscription With.. ..State..Send Me As A Free Book (choose one of the book.divid.nds listed at the left)Books shipped to Canadian members. DUTY PAID, throughBook-of-the-Month Club, (Canada) Limited C-2RTHE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEPUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI COUNCILCHARLTON T. BECKEditor HOWARD W. MORTAssociate Editor CODY PFANSTIEHLAssistant Editor ALICE ZUCKERAssistant EditorDAVID DAICHES, MARTIN GARDNER Contributing EditorsTHE COVER: Leaping lightly overa fence are an editor (left, in theair) , an unidentified fellow, a student,a lawyer (wriggling through a smallopening) and a Cadillac salesman.They are charging toward an"enemy" force somewhere ahead inthe woods of the expansive Mill RoadFarm, given to the University by Albert Lasker. The picture was takenin warmer days during maneuvers ofthe Pre-induction Military Trainingcourse of the Institute of MilitaryStudies. The week-end maneuverscome as a final examination on thecourse which meets weekly in the FieldHouse. One thousand students, employees, and businessmen are registered this quarter, including the assistant janitor of the RockefellerMemorial Chapel and a Filipino student who is specializing in handgrenade throwing while he finishes apre-medical course.YOU WILL PROBABLY AGREEwith us that President Hutchins'speech (page 3) is the most importanthe has ever given, and the best. It is,incidently, one of his longest. It wasdelivered at the annual Trustees dinner to the faculty on January 7. Itis certainly an answer to those whowonder why the University shouldexist during wartime. If there wereany ivory towers on the Quadrangles,they are gone now.But let's get away from the war fora moment. David Daiches has written for you this month a fragment ofan unwritten autobiographical novel(page 7). His intimate picture of alittle boy's morning by the sea inScotland is right out of his past, forAssistant Professor of English Daicheswas born in Scotland. As a child hemade friends with the sea at his family's summer cottage on the eastcoast.James Lea Cate's description ofJames Westfall Thompson as ateacher (page 11) is taken from his THIS MONTHTABLE OF CONTENTSJANUARY, 1942PageThe University and the War, President Robert M. Hutchins 3Notes for a Dilettante, DavidDaiches 7James Westfall Thompson, TheTeacher, James Lea Cate 10News of the Quadrangles, MartinGardner 14Most Difficult Business, II, GordonJ. Laing , 18News of the Classes 25talk delivered at the memorial servicefor Professor Thompson in BondChapel on December 1. ProfessorsFerdinand Schevill and Einar Joranson also spoke. Louis Gottschalk,chairman of the history department,presided.The most exciting news of themonth is previewed in PresidentHutchins' speech and reported inNews of the Quadrangles (page 14) .And on page 18 you will find thesecond and final section of AlumniDean Gordon J. Laing's history olthe University Press, an abridgementof a recently published volume, theUniversity of Chicago Press, 1891-1941.UNTIL THIS MONTH no university had seriously extendedits program of general education tothe later lives of its former students.Educating an adult requires techniques other than those used in undergraduate instruction. Adults havegreater judgment and experience.Their psychology is different. But ittook the University's newest trusteeto put over a plan to do it. He isPaul V. Harper, Chicago lawyer andson of the first president, who alsohad a knack for starting things. Theplan is a brace of Special Courses forAlumni. Results have been surprisingly successful.It was at the 1940 Alumni School that Chairman Paul Harper realizedhow much alumni like to go back toschool. But it wasn't until he tried toexplain to a neighbor's daughter whatthe University had to offer that he gotreally inspired. For the neighbor'shigh school age daughter he bought asyllabus of the Biological Sciences survey course. What's more, he read itbefore he gave it to her. Shortlythereafter he cornered a group of University officials and enthusiasticallyoutlined a plan. This summer he drewthe alumni dean and secretary into ahuddle. The result was two series ofspecial evening lecture-courses foralumni, running on alternate weekson the Quadrangles. Fee: five dollarsfor eleven lectures surveying eitherbiological or social science.It was two degrees below zero onthe night of January 6. A coldwind whirled snow flurries across theMidway. But ninety-five alumni leftwarm homes and comfortable firesidesto crowd into a lecture room in Abbott Hall to hear a ninety-minute talkon gloeothece or the blue-green algae.Some listeners came from towns nearlyfifty miles away. Marguerite McNall,'31, just returned from Kansas whereshe had left her snowed-in car, rodea street-car from the North side ofChicago.Later turnouts have necessitatedmoving both courses to larger halls.There are now 123 registered in thebiological science course, and 290 inthe social science series — all thecourses can hold. Now 413 alumniare dutifully doing their homeworkand reading from Bookstore rentalsets, much to the delight of the undergraduates.Most delighted, of course, is trusteePaul Harper, who drives from Barrington to the lectures despite the tireshortage. So does Harold Swift,Chairman of the Board of Trustees,and Trustee Paul S. Russell and hiswife.Published by the Alumni Council of the University of Chicago monthly, from October to June. Office of Publication. 403 Cobb Hall, 58th St. atEllis Avenue, Chicago. Annual subscription price $2.00. Single copies 25 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934, at the PostOffice at Chicago, Illinois, under the act of March 3. 1879. The Graduate Group, Inc., 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City, is the official advertising agency of the University of Chicago Magazine.THE LEAPING MEN on the cover have here turned their attention to a field telephone and buzzer system in maneuvers at theLasker Estate which climax the Institute of Military Studies'Pre-induction Military Training Course.VOLUME XXXIV THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINE NUMBER 4JANUARY, 1942THE UNIVERSITY AT WAR• By ROBERT M. HUTCHINSWe are now aninstrumentalityof total war.This is A time when, as someone has said, everyman's hobby becomes a war horse. Every man'sspecial interest becomes the national interest. Onlysupport us, is the cry of every pressure group, and victorywill perch upon the national banners.Such manifestations have not been wholly missing fromthe field of education. We hear it said that educationis the best defense of the Republic. It is said that ifwe sacrifice education to win the war we sacrifice oneof the most important objects for which the war is fought.Though there is some truth in these statements, andthough they form an interesting subject of discussionbefore entrance into a war, they cloud the facts of lifewhen war has been declared. When war has beendeclared, long-run activities must be sacrificed to theshort-run activity of winning the war. Education andresearch, as we have understood them at the University*of Chicago, are long-run activities. We have stood forliberal education and pure research. What the countrymust have now is vocational training and appliedresearch. What the country must have we must try tosupply.We may hope that the war will not be so severe asto require the diversion of all our efforts to short-runactivities. We may hope that it will not be so severeas to require the transformation of all our faculty andstudents into soldiers, our campus into drill-grounds, andour buildings into barracks. But we know that if thenational necessity demands that any or all of these eventualities come to pass, they will come to pass. We arenow engaged in total war. Total war may mean thetotal extinction, for the time being, at least, of the characteristic functions of the University of Chicago. I saythis as flatly and crudely as I can, not because I expectit to happen but because it seems to me essential that we understand that the setting of our work has completelychanged. We are now an instrumentality of total war.It is true that some of the work we have done for fiftyyears is the kind demanded in the present crisis. Manycourses in mathematics, science, history, and the languagesare needed now as much as ever. Much of the researchwhich we are now carrying on for the government isindistinguishable from that which we have always done.In fact, so far the government has given impetus toresearch in which we were already engaged by providingfunds for its expansion, an expansion which in somecases has been nothing less than colossal. But we cannotbe content, and the nation will not be content, if wesimply go on as we are, saying that our present work isall the country needs from us. We must try to find outwhat else the country needs from us in our new capacityas an instrumentality of total war.In the first place, the country needs to have thousandsof men and women trained. We are experts in training.The methods and techniques in which we are expert arethose required to train the men and women the countryneeds. The Institute of Military Studies has alreadyshown what experienced teachers can do with a subject-matter to which intelligent teaching methods have seldom,if ever, been applied. Here we seem likely to developa Chicago Plan of military education, both for mendestined for the armed forces and for those who mustbe trained for civilian defense. We can display the sameoriginality in the training courses we are giving for thegovernment, sixteen of which we now have on thecampus. We can exert important influence on the typeof courses given and the selection of students for them.Teaching is an art, and one that we possess. The specialtalents of this faculty can make the war training programmore effective than it would be if it were manned byhastily recruited laymen.Since we know what teaching is and how to teachwhat to whom, we can exercise our ingenuity in planningtraining courses which might not occur to persons lesssophisticated than ourselves. For example, we can seethat women will play a more active part in this war than34 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEin any earlier one. We can see that vast numbers ofwomen will have to be trained in a very short time, andthat established training institutions will have to assumesome responsibility for them. The average age of themen working in the aircraft plants of California is twenty-three. It is inconceivable that they will be allowed toremain at work when their places can be filled by womenwho can do the job as well or better than they can. Wecan take the initiative in working out courses for women;we can point out that many of the existing governmentaltraining programs should be opened to women and closedto men. In short, our special knowledge makes usdirectly useful in the effort to win the war.In the second place, the country needs scientificresearch. This war will be won in the laboratories. Weare experts in scientific research. We have today thestrongest collection of natural scientists at any universityin the world. Although we are already engaged on agreat number of military secrets — we have had to buildtwo new buildings to accommodate governmental work —we must continue to take the initiative in working outresearch projects that might help to bring the war to asuccessful conclusion. We should not try to do thingsthat we do not know or cannot learn how to do. Buteverything that we can learn how to do we must nowundertake, even if it requires further expansion of ourfaculty and plant. Where the government is not convinced that a project is worthwhile, we should, if weare convinced, try to proceed at our own expense. Research designed to win the war is our first scientificobligation.If, then, we are looking for ways to be effective as aninstrumentality of total war, we see that our knowledgeof research and training gives us unusual opportunities toserve the country. But there is another way in which wecan be useful, which, though less spectacular, is just asimportant. We can eliminate waste. We can run abetter university.Whatever may have been the case in the good old daysof free enterprise, in a military economy waste comes closeto treason. In the long list of points at which the nationalresources have been wasted the colleges and universitiesmust be included. College life has become a popularsynonym for elaborate loafing. Extra-curriculum activitieshave been notorious for their flamboyant consumption oftime, effort and money. The curriculum has been framedto attract students who ought not to be in college; it hasTHE APPLAUSE WAS PROLONGED and sincere.Most of the five hundred faculty members andtheir Trustee hosts agreed it was one of the strongestand most immediately practical statements PresidentHutchins had ever made. Guests left the banquethall in a mood thoughtful and sincere. They knewwar had come to the Quadrangles. They knew therewas something they could and would do about it. been managed in such a way as to guarantee them apeaceful progress to their degrees. The courses wereunrelated, overlapping, and generally inconsequential.And when every member of a faculty had to have a PhDdegree, and every member of a university faculty had todo research, the volume of trivial research became sogreat that many honest men were revolted at the thoughtoi spending their lives in such pastimes and took to sellinginsurance instead. And all this was conducted throughan administrative organization chaotic and ineffective,in a plant of increasing luxuriance and gothicity, at anincreasing cost per cubic foot.You will say that these criticisms do not apply to theUniversity of Chicago, and you will be largely right. ThisUniversity has seldom been accused of overindulgence inextra-curriculum activities or college life. Our course ofstudy is planned to give an education to those who arewilling to make some modest efforts to get one. Theorganization of the College and the Divisions has helpedus to avoid much of that weird incoherence characteristicof the American curriculum. Research with us is a;serious undertaking, and not an occupational disease.We have an organization simple, clear, and effective. Wehave turned our backs on the imperialism of the pastand have divested ourselves of parasitic excrescences andentangling affiliations. The cost of operating the planthas been reduced from two and one-half to one and one-half cents per cubic foot; and our gothic is plainer thanmost.But we are looking for waste. And we see that evenat Chicago we have a vacation system that is a symbolof an age that is gone. Our students work harder thanthe students at some other places, but if they workedforty-four hours a week, they would all get A's, or graduate in half the time, or both. Nor has the weekly schedule pi classes made the best use of the student's time or themaximum use of the plant. We should set about reducing vacations. We should consider following the exampleof the College and going on a Monday WednesdayFriday cycle. We should examine the possibilities oflate afternoon, evening, and weekend teaching. And weshould put on the walls of every lecture hall, dormitoryroom, and office in the University the words of Dr. Johnson: "I never knew a man who studied hard."What seems to be going on across the country is agreat rescheduling movement. In the effort to give theirstudents as much chance as possible to get an educationbefore they are called the colleges and universities areeliminating waste periods and devoting the time savedto formal instruction. We are fortunate in that we arealready on the quarter system and that we permit studentsto take examinations when in their opinion they are readyto take them. This is good as far as it goes; but it doesnot go far enough. What we ought to find out is notwhether we can do the same things in less time, butwhether all the things we have been doing are worthdoing.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETHE PRESIDENT writes hisspeeches with a rhythmic,rapid touch-system style onhis own typewriter, usuallyat his home. His first copyis "remarkably clean," forhis thoughts are arrangedand written in his mind before he sits down to type.He makes few changes inlater readings.On many mornings hisfour secretaries and stenographers find him at workwhen they arrive at eight-thirty. Unlike some executives, he does not have sethours for dictating to hissecretary or into the dictaphone at his elbow. Hislarge desk is usually orderly, but the long tablebehind him is piled highwith books, journals, andpamphlets, each bristlingwith white paper markers.He has one telephone. Onthe wall, in addition to portraits of the past five presidents, hangs an originalIf we want to serve our country, we should submitevery course, every day of every course, every researchproject, every appointment, and every expenditure to twotests. Every part of our work should meet one or theother of. these tests or be instantly abandoned. Thetwo tests are, first, does it help to win the war? Andsecond, has it an intellectual purpose, has it intellectualcontent, and does it require intellectual effort?Vocational training courses that will help win the warare courses that we must invent or foster. Vocationaltraining courses that will not, have no place in the University, for they are a waste of its resources. The manufacture of gadgets that will help win the war is a necessary and laudable part of the University's work. Themanufacture of gadgets which have no military purpose isnot a university activity. Neither is that kind of researchwhich is merely aimless wandering through the fields offact, nor that kind of teaching which is merely transmitting information which the student could get out of abook over the weekend. This is waste.I do not say that there is much waste of this type atthe University of Chicago. We have been through hardtimes and have squeezed the water out of the institution. But we should be more than human if we succeeded inspending ten and a half millions a year without wastingany of it. The trustees and the central administrationhave neither the ability nor the intention to go throughthe University and say what should be taught and whatshould be investigated. These things, in the light of thetwo tests I have mentioned, must be left to the deans, thechairmen of departments, and the members of the faculty.I go before the trustees every year and swear that everyexpenditure I am recommending is essential. I am sureI commit less perjury than most university presidents onthese occasions. I solicit the further co-operation of thefaculty in behalf of my immortal soul.E^en if, in the search for waste, we re-examine everycourse, every project, and every expenditure, we have notyet done our full duty. We must look also at the program as a whole. We are afflicted with wastes of themost tremendous and depressing kind which are reallynot our fault. They result from the idiosyncrasies of theAmerican educational system. Horace Mann, when hewent to Germany to find a school to imitate, imitatedthe wrong one. He brought back as a foundation schoolfor America — and a foundation can be laid in six years- —a school that was terminal in its native land and that tookeight years because it was terminal. The painful prolongation of adolescence in the United States must beattributed in part to Horace Mann's initial mistake.Students are delayed two years all along the line. Andtwo years is about the difference in intellectual maturitybetween an American student and an English, French, orGerman boy of the same age.Although general education can easily be completedby the end of the sophomore year, although students whoJames Thurber cartoon. Itshows a little man crouchedin the corner at a party, alonely, social outcast. Theguests are whispering "Hedoesn't know anything butfacts."Luncheons, either at theQuadrangle club or moreoften in the Loop, are invariably business meetings.He's back in his oak-paneled office by two o'clock.Between five and five-thirty he nods to theswitchboard girl, lifts hisgray hat from the rack, andstrides out with his evening's work in the brownbrief-case under his arm.Pulse Photos6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWITHIN THE MONTH the University senatetook steps to end the "painful prolongation ofadolescence" which President Hutchins cites in histalk. The senate ruled (see page 14) that hereafterthe University will:Award the bachelor's degree at the end of thesophomore year.Have twelve instead of elven week quarters, andHold classes on a split-week schedule wherebystudents will attend classes three instead of fourdays a week, on alternate days.Thus the University has pioneered again. Theepithets will fly. The praises will echo. But it isthe University's purpose to pioneer. To the institution which shocked the country by allowing women toenter at all levels, which pioneered in raising professors' pay, which started the quarter system andthe Home Study plan, and which pioneered in theuniversity press movement, this latest advance is notnovel."But this will certainly make a fuss," said one manas he read the announcement on a commutor's train."Yes," his neighbor answered. "But they've madefusses out there before. And those turned out fine."have neither the interest nor the ability which specialization requires should not be allowed to proceed beyondthis point, the junior and senior years of our collegesand universities are crowded with mediocre students whogo on to the bachelor's degree because that is the onlyrecognizable reward that college offers. Their presencemakes it impossible to develop a worthwhile program forthose students who are qualified to go on. Their presence also complicates the work for the master's degree,which is regarded simply as a one-year addendum significant chiefly because one cannot get a job teachingin a high school without it.No less wasteful is our program of instruction leadingto the Ph.D. Obviously what is required at this levelis first a good education and second experience in working on and thinking about important problems. This istrue whether the candidate is destined for research workor for college teaching. What we have too often isa series of detailed informational courses and experiencein investigating a trifling problem. The question of theimportance of the problem is seldom raised.We have waste because of the 8-4-4 plan of elementary, secondary and collegiate education. We havewaste because students without qualifications for independent intellectual work are allowed to continue beyond the end of the sophomore year. We have wastebecause the program of graduate instruction does nottake into account a fact patent on the surface of ourprofessional life: a course of study which aims to producebofft good scholars and good college teachers ends byproducing neither. This is an educational system whichthe country can no longer affordIf the bachelor's degree, which serves no useful purpose today, were awarded as it is in France and in French Canada at the end of the period of general education,that is, at about the end of the sophomore year, it wouldserve a number of useful purposes. The degree wouldhave meaning. It would mean a general education. 1+would assist out of the educational system at the endof the sophomore year students who have no business tcgo on. It would make it possible for the Divisions toorganize intelligible courses of study covering three yearsand leading to the master's degree. It would enable theprofessional schools to begin their work with the beginning of the junior year. It would put a quietus on theambitions of the junior colleges of the country, all ofwhich are now anxious to achieve a mistaken notion ofrespectability by becoming four-year colleges of liberalarts. They would be the equivalent of the French lycee,the German gymnasium, and the English public school.We should then have a rational system of general education ending at the end of the present sophomore year incollege. This is a system which we could instantly installhere at Chicago because in the College and the Four- YearCollege we are organized for it.The master's degree would be rescued too. It wouldrepresent independent intellectual effort in a fairly broadfield. The Ph.D. we can rescue only by a change ofheart and rigid adherence to the second of the two testsI have suggested, the test of intellectual content and intellectual effort. We should certainly try a change of heartbefore attempting the mechanical change which I usedto propose — awarding the Ph.D. to college teachers anda new degree to research workers. Without a change ofheart this plan might simply give us two bad coursesof study in place of one.If we recanvassed all our work in terms of the twotests I have laid down, if we had some such educationalsystem as suggested by the pattern of degrees I havedescribed, I should have few fears about the immediatefinancial future of the University. Under present conditions the protagonists of education suffer from one serioushandicap: they have not an absolutely clear case, andhence they cannot have an absolutely clear conscience.With a clear case, which the reforms proposed wouldgive us, I think that part of the financial future whichwe can see at all is not too gloomy.Of that future in the event of a long war, and of thatfuture at the end of the war, I prefer not to speak. Butin the next two years I do not expect any catastrophicdrop in endowment income. And though some non-academic costs are bound to rise, we may be able to meetthem by increasing our rates for non-academic servicesand reducing, as I have suggested, some academic costs.I think we may be teaching more students next year thanwre are teaching now. They may not all be the kind ofstudents we have now, or in the kind of courses we havenow. But they will be students through whom we canmake a contribution to the national effort. We shallhave first of all students to be trained in defense indus-(Continued on page 22)NOTES FOR A DILETTANTE• By DAVID DAICHESThe Castle Walk, whereyou could find limpetsin the morningHe got up early that morning, and there wasexcitement in the still house with no one stirringand the quiet fresh sunlight outside. Breakfasthe would have later, for to come and join the othershaving already been abroad and mastered the day wasa triumph whose thought suited well with his mood ofexhilaration. The rusty key of the front door gruntedas he turned it, and then the light wind fell on him, withthe sea smell and the hissing of the advancing tide.Closing the door gently, he pattered down the steps inhis rubber shoes and turned to the Castle Walk. Thehouse with the blue shutters was bolted and asleep, andbeyond, as he leant on the low sea-wall, the risen sungreeted him, already well above the horizon, but lookingthrough a gentle mist that lay on all the water and turnedits sounding to a gentle hush. Chugging out of the stillness a fishing boat approached the harbor, slowing downas it came to shallow water and stopping just outside theentrance, for the tide was still far out and there wasonly mud beyond. Behind came one with a sail, andJack watched the sail drop suddenly and the men rowthe boat a few yards further until it lay just behind thefirst. He ran down the steep cobbled lane that led tothe harbor, and walked slowly along the top of the harborwall.He could see the tide advancing into the harbor mouth,and raising his eyes he saw the village lying grey yetbright above him, with the two bay-windowed houseson the West Braes, stern outriders, dominating the bayon the left. But soon the sea claimed his gaze again,and he turned his head to look out over the calm water.There were more boats coming in now. The morningmist lifted as he watched, the sun lost its faint tint ofredness, and May Island stood out silver and white in theflat sea.Suddenly dissatisfied, he pattered back along the harbor wall, up the narrow street and back to the CastleWalk, keeping on to where the sloping goat field leddown to the rocks. He clambered down, deftly raisinghis bare legs clear of nettles and thistles, till he came tothe big flat pool at the bottom that was licked by the seaonly at high tide. He skirted it, and went on the flatrock that rose out of the pool where lay the "grannies"he had teased so often. The sea was still a good fifty feet away. He sat down, hunching himself up with hisarms round his knees, and stared into the water. Ahermit crab was staggering slowly across the bottom —the water is clearer in the morning, he thought — buthe must have startled the fish, for there was no sign ofthem. He kicked a limpet off the rock with his heel,pressed the sloppy black-brown inside into the water, andwaited.It was only a crab that came first, but with a few morelimpets he had three grannies out, a big, cautious one andtwo lively little fellows, scarcely two inches long. Theywere almost bottle-green among the weed and stones, andJack remembered how they changed color when theywere taken out of their pool and put into the little crackin the rock that he kept for his catches. But he hadno wish to catch them this morning : he wanted to seethe pool alive and varied, and he sat and watchedpatiently. So absorbed was he that the tide was roundthe big rock and within a few feet of him before herealized that time must have passed and he had betterbe back for breakfast. He was stiff when he arose andwalked slowly up the goat-field, over the wall on to theCastle Walk again and round the corner past the sun-dial— the sun said eight, but it was nine o'clock summer time— and on to the house. Some one had opened the frontdoor, and he walked in, quiet and erect.His father was at breakfast, and he heard his motherrattling dishes in the kitchen. The others were not upyet, evidently.He was surprised when he found himself resenting hisfather's mildly curious inquiry, "Hello, where have youbeen?" It seemed to snap thajt blithe yet solemn communion with the new risen day that had made theworld so fresh and close to him that hour. He muttered,a trifle sullenly though not intending to be sullen, thathe had been down at the rocks, and walked over to thewindow. He had wanted to communicate his mood, butit was impossible now, and anyway the mood was gone."Why don't you have your breakfast?" his father asked,an unsubtle question, Jack felt, knowing that there wasno reason whatever why the question should be subtle,and feeling foolish therefore. He was not even surewhat he resented; but something had disappeared, andhe was just a boy about to have his breakfast. He wentsilently to the table and sat down, and his father pushedthe packet of corn flakes towards him.His mother came in and sat down at the foot of thetable, and she said, "So you were up early and wentfor a walk? You'll be hungry." That cheered him, andhe described the calm morning and the fishing boatscoming in. "I wish you could get Jimmie out of bed,"78 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEshe exclaimed, and Jack thought of his brother lying likea log, the bed clothes wrapped around him, with the sunoutside, and the sea. Each morning he left him like that,"And is Jean up?" he asked, and as he spoke they heardher on the stair. She greeted them on entering, and satdown at once to her breakfast. "Are you washed?"asked her mother. "Mother, why do you always assumethat I'm a pig?" came the indignant reply. Father's eyestwinkled as he looked up over his paper. "I supposethere must be some reason," he said. Jean continuedto eat in silence."Is bathing before lunch today or after?" asked Jeaneventually, and Father said, "The tide will be well in by11." "Before that," said Jack. "Well, if Jimmie isn't upsoon he won't be able to bathe with us," Mother said,as she rose to go into the kitchen. Father rose too andwent to the foot of the stairs. "James!" he called. "We'reall going down to bathe and if you don't get up at onceyou'll be left behind." They were not going down tothe beach for at least an hour, and would not bathe untilan hour after that; but this was Father's technique. Asleepy voice called down that he was getting up, andFather went back to the sitting room and his paper.Jack swallowed a cup of tea, and then made for thedoor. "Where are you going?" asked Father. "Oh, justround about. No sense in staying indoors. After all,we are at the seaside." "Quite right," said Father, "onlydon't go far, because we'll all be going down to the beachsoon. I'll go and sit on the Castle Walk." "You'realways sitting on the Castle Walk, Father," said Jean."Well, why not?" he replied. "I bet you want to discussdeep philosophy with the Rev. Mr. Greg." "Deep philosophy?" said Father, smiling, "no one discusses 'deepphilosophy' at 9 o'clock in the morning." Mother wassmiling too. "What makes you think that Father andMr. Greg discuss deep philosophy?" she asked. "I'veheard them," said Jean. "How did you know it was deepphilosophy they were talking?" "It was the long words,"said Jean. Father laughed, and went into the hall toput on his coat. Jack slipped passed him to the door."Aren't you cold, with that open collar and no stockingson?" Father called after him. "There's quite a chillybreeze." "No, it's warm," Jack called back, and escapedup the street.Folk were stirring in the High Street. Outside thepost-office stood a group of young men and girls, in whiteflannels and tennis frocks, talking together with animatedfamiliarity. This was the tennis group, very compact,and, Jack judged, very snooty: they were to be seen anyevening in August at Mrs. Aird's ice-cream shop, noisyand aggressive and very forbidding to those unfortunateenough to be outside their clique. Jack resented them,but cheerfully, for he was child enough to despise socialgroups of that kind: these sophisticated holiday-makersfrom the south spoiled the simplicity of the little fishingvillage. Jack was particularly scornful because they didnot bathe every day, coming down to the beach only on an occasional sunny afternoon to indulge lazily in picnicsand sunburning. The golf group, who left for Balcomiesoon after 7 in the ramshackle little bus, could at leastJay claim to a certain manliness in their holiday making;they rose early, and played golf in all weathers. TheseJack sometimes allowed himself to envy. But he sniffedas he walked down the cool grey High Street, past thebabbling tennis players and on to the chemist at thecorner, where he collected the day's haul in snapshotstaken the previous week. The breezy familiarity of Mr.James Smith, who discussed the weather as he sorted outthe snaps from a large bundle, cheered him.He always remembered to call for the snaps before anyof the others; and he sat down on a bench in the Nether-gate to have first look. He admired particularly the viewof the village that he had taken himself from the WestBraes.When he rose to consider where he would go beforejoining the rest of the family on the daily bathing expedition, it suddenly struck him that he had set out forthe High Street with no purpose whatever except toindulge that feeling of luxuriant solitude that had beencoming over him so frequently recently. It was the samefeeling that had made him walk twice around theMeadows on his way home from school one day in thepast summer term. How embarrassed he had been when,sauntering down the Middle Meadow Walk at half pastthree in the opposite direction to that which led home,he met Miss Sherwood, effusive spinster, who lived twodoors away. "Where are you off to, Jack?" she asked."I thought you'd be coming away from school insteadof going back at this time of day." Jack grew very red,and murmured that he was just off for a walk, and MissSherwood passed on with a smile which for monthsafterwards made him hot with shame to remember.But schooldays were over now, for a period long enoughto be considered eternity. Each year — and Jack hadoften thought about this — winter and spring marchedfaster and faster into summer, when the year sloweddown and life concentrated itself into a few rememberedmonths. He never thought of schooldays dragging andthe holidays as rushing. It always surprised him howsoon the summer came, how much of life was bound upwith summer — the long days of June and July, with theprize-giving and the holidays growing ever larger on thehorizon. The long expectant days of June and July;coming home at 12:25 for a quick salad and cocoa andbiscuits, and back hastily by 1 o'clock, blazer over armand shirt collar open. And the long evenings, with allthe sights and sounds of the Meadows at play — the faintthud of cricket bats and confused echoing of cries andcheers that reached him as he leaned out of his bedroomwindow, reluctant to shut out the passing day, still soactive and full of life. And the archery practice — howoften had he stopped to watch on the way home fromschool — with the pipe band that played on gala occasions,when the marquee was up, and if one was bold enoughTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 9to climb the railings and peep inside one could catcha glimpse of endless refreshments laid out on a long table.fje often wondered who the privileged partakers were.Time rolled itself up into those summer days; and thoughthe rest of the year had many thrills — especially the thrill0f going back to school at the end of September withshining new pencils and brand new school books, to makeexhilarating resolutions and work so hard the first week the hours never lingered, as they did in summer. Winter was rapid and exciting, but excitement that dies issoon forgotten. More permanent memories lingeredround lazy cricket games in the Meadows and excursionsto Dunsappie Loch in search of sticklebacks. And, chief of all, August by the sea.Jack sang softly to himself as he walked down thecinder path to the sea's edge. Now that the dead calmoi early morning had gone, and a fresh wind had risen,the water that had been like lead less than two hoursbefore was active and audible. There were white horsesquite far out, and the sound of the waves on the sandat Room Bay mingled with the louder noise of theirsplashing on the rocks before him. With sudden exultation Jack spread out his arms before sun and sea andwind, then, looking carefully round to see that no onehad noticed, walked slowly back by the rocks to theCastle Walk.Bare FactsLJ ERE'S A LETTER THAT HAS PUZZLED us for a long time. Why it was written* * io the University during the presidency of Harry Pratt Judson we don't know —maybe because the University was then fast acquiring the reputation for being theseat of all knowledge. The letter is from Six Shooter Gulch, Wyoming:"Kind and respected sir:I see in a paper that a man named John Sikes was attacked and et up by a barewhose cubs he was trying to git when the she came up and stopt him by eaVm himin the mountains near our town. What I want to know is did it kill him or was heonly partly et up and is he from this place and all about the bare. I dont know buthe is a distant husband of mine. My first husband was of that name and I supposedhe was killed in the war. ... I ought to know if he wasnt killed in the war or by thebare, for I have been married twice since then and there ought io be divorce papersgot out by him or me if the barre did not eat him all up. He has a spred eagletattooed on his right arm and a anker on his front chest which you will know him byif the bare did not eat up these sines of its being him. Find out all you can abouthim without his knowing what it is for. That is if the bare did not eat him all up.If if did ( dont see as you can do anything and you neednf take no trouble. Pleaseanswer back M S K. ...... M.. .... »P. S. Was the bare killed? Also was he married again and did he leave anyproperty with me layin claim to?"— Tower Topics10 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEONE OF THE FIRST twenty students enrolled at the University, Dr.James Westfall Thompson went on to gain a national reputation asa historian. His presidential address to the American HistoricalAssociation was read at the Association's meeting in December, twomonths after Dr. Thompson's death, an unprecedented honor.JAMES WESTFALL THOMPSON• By JAMES LEA CATE, PhD '35The historian as a teacher,seen through the eyesof a former studentWhen the University of Chicago opened itsclasses on October 1, 1892, James WestfallThompson was enrolled as a graduate student inhistory. He had received a sound classical and historicaltraining at Rutgers College, whence he had been graduated with honors the previous June. Sprung from aline of distinguished clergymen and teachers, he had earlyelected to follow the latter profession; and the only deviations in his purpose seem to have been his turning fromlatin to history as a teaching field, and from the better-known Johns Hopkins to Harper's new university on theMidway as a place for his graduate education.At Chicago he studied political science with Judson,and history with most of the members of the departmentof seven: with Shephardson and Goodspeed and Terry;with von Hoist, whose magic name had perhaps drawnhim Westward, and with a young tutor FerdinandSchevill.Young Thompson was fellow in the department from1893 to 1895, and in that latter year was awarded thePh.D. (the second granted by the department), on hiscompletion of a thesis on Louis VI (le Gros) of France.Already in 1894 he had begun his teaching career as anassistant in a freshman course, and immediately aftertaking his degree he came into the department as afull-time member. His promotion within the academichierarchy was orderly rather than spectacular; like aproper medieval cleric he missed no one of the sevenorders: fellow, assistant, associate, and instructor; assistant professor, associate professor, and finally full professor from 1913-32. His two-score years in the department, unbroken save for such normal interruptions asan occasional sabbatical leave for study in Europe or asummer's teaching at another university, constituted perhaps the longest continuous term of service of any of itsmembers, and might well have earned him a deservedrest. But not content with the prospect of being retiredas a young teacher of 65, he left for the University ofCalifornia in January, 1933, there to begin, like anotherJacob, an additional seven years of service. Twice hefollowed Horace Greeley's advice to go west, and twicehe found it good.By the ruling of that wise Providence which guides theyoung teacher, there was no stultifying narrowness inAssistant Thompson's program. He had ranged widely in his graduate training, with courses in Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance, Modern and American history (to usethe terms of his craft) , and his early teaching was almostas varied. He served for a while as an assistant in introductory courses on medieval and modern and, I believe,on American history as well. But from his first officialconnection with the department he was allowed to offersome courses of his own, the first, interestingly enough,a graduate course on the "Foundations of the ModernFrench Monarchy," evidently an extension of his thesissubject. In his first year came also a course on theFrench Revolution and Napoleon (the young teacher'sversion of one of von Hoist's favorites) and indeed, fora number of years he continued to teach courses on thehistory of France in the early modern period. Soon afterthe turn of the century, however, his deepest interestsbegan to be reflected by a preponderance of coursesdevoted to medieval France and Germany, and to historical method and historiography. But throughout hiscareer Professor Thompson's interpretations, whether inclass or in book were enriched by his familiarity withfields of history other than his own and enlivened byexamples which had been derived from extensive readingand stored in an encyclopedic memory.Professor Thompson has left, from his forty-five yearsof teaching, a number of tangible souvenirs. He wrotea general textbook on medieval history for collegestudents, and two textbooks on medieval social and economic history for graduates ; he collaborated on a collegesurvey of western civilization, and, I believe, on one ormore high school texts. He developed at Chicago aningenious system of reading reports which defied theefforts of the most sophisticated undergraduate to driftthrough a class without some speaking acquaintance withhistorical literature. He compiled for students anelaborate list of reading references on medieval historywhich is still useful after 35 years, in a revised edition,and he prefaced this with a short treatise on the teachingand study of medieval history. The treatise gives something of the philosophy of history which he then professed,and it discloses a number of the mechanical tricks whichwe all practice and advocate in our craft — and thesedisclosures are not without value. But to judge Thompson the teacher by either his textbooks or his pedagogicalprecepts were like trying to estimate his qualities as aman from the article in Who's Who in America. It wouldbe more in the spirit of his teaching to turn to an originalsource, and let you, the audience, judge of the inadequacies or biases which that eye-witness account mayexhibit.My first-hand knowledge of Professor Thompson as a1112 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. MAGAZINE//THRILLING, LAMBENT, throbbing, and one ofI the greatest experiences of my life," wroteProfessor Thompson of his early days at the University. Attracted by President Harper's exciting collection of scholars, and the famous historian Hermannvon Hoist in particular, the young Rutgers graduatewas among the first twenty students to register.He joined the faculty immediately after receivingthe Ph.D. degree in 1895, becoming a full professorin 1913. The University of California called him in1933 to fill the newly-formed Sidney Hellman EhrmanProfessorship of European History, where he becameemeritus in 1939.When he died September 30, 1941, he was oneof the world's leading medievalists. Sitting, pipe inmouth, in his book-lined office in Harper Librarytower, he had produced a constant stream of books,poetry, reviews, articles, and essays probing info littleknown corners of history and surveying the MiddleAges. He had answered wed the question asked himby Joseph H. Choate, recently ambassador to theCourt of St. James, when Professor Thompson received an honorary degree from Rutgers in 1922:"You are a young colt to be in these pastures . . .What have you done?"teacher dates only from 1928. He was then in his prime,with a nation-wide reputation. His undergraduate program consisted of a trilogy of lecture courses coveringthe whole history of the Middle Ages. These coursesdrew forty to fifty regularly enrolled students and usually a sprinkling of visitors. The master would enter theclass room carrying a sheaf of notes but he lecturedentirely without reference to them, rapidly, and rarelyfumbling for a word. Physically vigorous, he spoke customarily in a booming voice but occasionally, for effect,he might break into a cracked falsetto or sink into astage whisper, or might pause ominously. Somehow hehad a way of stopping off, as the bell sounded, at somecrucial point, leaving you in suspense until the morrow;it seemed quite natural then, but it was a conventional trick known to every writer of serials and lateryou suspected that he had achieved it through longpractice.The mine-run of these lectures were almost publish-able, but there were some which were famous in thedepartment; they never failed to draw a gallery of formerstudents who came as to a revival of an old and favoriteplay, and you could see that the master enjoyed thoselectures himself, delivering them with special gusto andwith more than a touch of drama. It might be the oneon Diocletian, still a soldier at heart under the imperialpurple, sneaking in the dead of night from his silk-covered couch to wrap up in a blanket on the coldmarble floor; or the one on "A Day in the Life of theBishop of Antioch," a lively paraphrase of one of St.Jerome's liveliest satires; or Louis the Pious's cringingpenance at Attigny; or the Besancpn episode, with Ottoof Wittelsbach's sword licking out like a flame until youon the front row would flinch even while Cardinal Roland Bandinelli stood firm as a rock; or, most famousof all, the trial and death of Jeanne d'Arc, done sorealistically you fairly smelt the scorching flesh. Thesescenes, and others, he made live after the fashion ofMichelet, and they were known to many.But you felt, if you were in a graduate class withProfessor Thompson, that he was like that William ofConches whom he liked to quote: "Rejoicing not in themany but in the probity of the few, toiling for truthalone." He taught, on this level, a course in methodology, as formidable as Bernheim's Lehrbuch itself; and acourse on the history of historical writing, with many anintimate story about du Cange and von Ranke and theother giants of his profession; and he gave courses onspecialized topics which were half lecture, half reportsby students, for he believed that students learned bestby doing. But he was at his best in a seminar. There,with a small handful of advanced students, you readwith him some chronicle or charter, translating the textword for word and searching for hidden meanings orhistorical allusions and woe betide if you read casuallyor carelessly. From the elucidation of the text youwere led, by inquest, to a critical estimate of its evidential value, and then would come broader questions as to thisking's policy, or the origin of that institution and whenyou floundered (which was often enough), the masterwas off on an impromptu disquisition, with apt illustrations drawn from an erudition you felt was second onlyto that of his own hero Mabillon. Not all of the initiativecame from the master. He welcomed pertinent questions or suggestions, and though a man of strong opinionson most historical problems, he was ever willing to listento a dissenting argument if it were backed by a reasonable amount of fact and logic. Through the rigor of hismethod he was able to instill something of his owncritical approach, something of his passion for seekingout the original sources; he could not instill imagination,that being a gift of the gods, but he did recognize andencourage it, and stimulated it by example.His method in various types of courses, then differedwidely, but his notable success in each stemmed fromthe same qualities. He was a great teacher because hetook great pride and joy in his work. In the days ofwhich I have spoken he was proud of his association withthe department at Chicago; when he moved to California he was no less loyal to his new university, and Ithink that a great light must have gone out of his lifewhen he dismissed his last class. Few in his generationwrote more for the learned world, but he seemed tolook on his teaching as a form of expression no less dignified and important, never as a tedious chore whichinterfered with research. Actually the two activitieswere never disparate with him. It you will go back tothe old university catalogues, you will find for each ofhis scholarly books, and for some articles, a graduatecourse, often repeated, which bears the same title.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 13What this means is that Professor Thompson never taughtfrom another man's textbook, but hewed his courses outof the sources and the learned literature; and he had ahappy knack of making the student share in the thrillof discovery.Professor Thompson was not without humor in hisclass, nor an occasional touch of irony, but what impressed you most about the man was his deep seriousness and his sense of the importance of the Middle Ages.If you were by way of becoming a medievalist yourself,that importance was easily grasped, if for no otherreason than the pragmatic question of exams, but yourfellow-student majoring in American history might confide that Thompson , left him with a real sense of personal loss that he had not earlier learned to distinguishbetween domain and demesne, or between benefice andfief..That ability to interest students in other fields — somarked that you may find disciples now occupyingchairs of American or Modern history as ardent inpraise of the "Chief" as any of the twenty-odd whowrote doctoral theses with him — that ability is tributeto the breadth of his interests. A humanist at heart, andsomething of a poet in his own right, he was not contentto dwell within the narrow channels of politics whichhad chiefly concerned the generation of his own teachers.A mere glance at the titles of his works would indicatehow widely he cast his net, and a composite bibliographyof his students' writings would show how he had succeeded in his constant efforts to infect them with thosewide interests and with some of his curiosity for problems off the beaten track.Not the least cause of his success may be found in hisrelations with students outside class. Thompson theteacher was, to use a simile dear to himself, like caviar:you might dislike him violently or love him dearly, butyon could not be indifferent to him. He was himself aman of strong attachments and strong antipathies, andstudents reacted in kind. He might affect, externally, a forbidding mien, but that was only a shell which hid, notvery successfully, a rich and warm personality whichreadily gave and sought affection. For the dilettante hehad little patience, and he could be brutally frank incriticism; and there were some serious students withwhom he was temperamentally unable to get on. Butfor most oi his students he was more than generouswith his time and counsel, and they responded with aloyalty that grew with the years. He who rarely indulgedin a holiday, who might be found in his office day andnight, Sunday or holiday, half hidden in a fog of pipesmoke — -he was never too busy to interrupt his incessantpecking away at the typewriter to discuss a problem,whether scholarly or personal. He took an affectionatepride in his students (not always fully justified), andone might have sensed the human side of the teacher atan oral doctoral exam as he positively beamed whena favorite could remember the date of Charlemagne'scoronation or sweat blood when he over-shot his studentwith a too-difficult question. In those practical matterswhich have little to do with learning but which areimportant to the graduate student, he was an idealpatron, often entertaining informally in his home, working strenuously to secure fellowships for his students andto place his Ph.D.'s in teaching positions, some of whichhe seemed to control almost as by right of advowson.Only those who knew him intimately realized too howoften he acted as a friend in need, showing solicitudeand rendering material aid to those in trouble.But these last traits were those of Thompson the man,were not peculiar to Thompson the teacher. It was trueof him, as of any great master in his craft, that the threeaspects — Thompson the vivid personality, Thompson thescholar, and Thompson the teacher — were inextricablybound one with the other, and each complementary.But as a professor, we may best remember him as one likeChaucer's clerk of Oxenford — "Gladly would he learn,and gladly teach."No Sheep?AN INQUIRING REPORTER asked undergraduate Allan Dreyfus what he did toinduce sleep on nights when he was bothered by insomnia. "I try to concentrateon a number of things, so I get all confused and go to sleep," said Dreyfus. "Simplethings like the Chinese dynasties, the Olympic prize winners, imports and exports ofobscure Asiatic seaports, rate of expansion of spiral nebulae and the name of Duk©Ellington's second trombone player for 1929."NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES• By MARTIN GARDNER, '36Bachelor's Degree EarlierThree fundamental revisions in the educationalorganization of the University have been made bythe University Senate, President Robert M.Hutchins announced January 21.The bachelor's degree will be awarded at the end ofthe sophomore year, to mark completion of the period ofgeneral education.The University will adjust the quarter system, which itoriginated in 1892, to provide four quarters of twelve,rather than eleven, weeks each.The "split week" schedule, recently adopted by theCollege (comprising the freshman and sophomore years)will be extended to the entire University. Students hereafter will attend classes three days a week, on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday or Tuesday-Thursday-Saturday cycle,instead of four days, as has been traditional at the University. The three day cycle of classes will give thestudents three full days for employment or independentstudy.Beginning with the summer quarter entering students will be candidates for the new degree. The twelveweek quarter, and the "split" class schedule are effectiveimmediately.The action on the bachelor's degree not only emphasizes the distinction between general and specialized education made by the Chicago Plan, but also clarifies theorganization of the educational system from the highschool through the master's degree, President Hutchinspointed out.From the immediate standpoint of relation to the war,the University's action will provide a maximum opportunity for men of college age to complete their generaleducation before entering the service, and to receive adegree recognizing their achievement.Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, president of Columbiauniversity, first advocated award of the bachelor's degreeat the end of the sophomore year. President Hutchinshas repeatedly urged such action since 1930."The changes adopted are much less drastic and muchless novel for the University of Chicago than the samechanges would be for other institutions," PresidentHutchins said in his announcement. "From the timethat Dr. Harper, in organizing the University in 1891,recognized the distinction between general and specialeducation by establishing the freshman and sophomoreyears as a 'junior college' the decision has been onetoward which the University has been inevitably tending."The University now proposes to give meaning to theend of the period of general education by awarding thebachelor's degree for such accomplishment. A hitherto ambiguous degree now has meaning. Students who haveno business continuing beyond that period can leave withself-respect. The Divisions (the junior and senior yearsand the graduate schools) are now in a position to organize intelligible courses of study covering three years andleading to the master's degree. That degree will havemeaning, for it will represent independent and coherentintellectual effort in a fairly broad field. The professional schools can begin their work at the junior year."Because of the present 8-4-4 plan of elementary, secondary, and collegiate education, the six hundred juniorcolleges of the country are at present an anomaly in theeducational system. Many of them have the mistakenbelief they should achieve respectability by becomingfour-year colleges of liberal arts. If they, too, decide toaward the bachelor's degree at the end of two years, theirposition will be regularized and stabilized."The reforms adopted by the University are no ill-considered program of acceleration to meet a war emergencythough incidentally they permit us to meet emergency needs on a sound basis. We have taken a comprehensive view of education as a whole in making thesechanges. The Chicago Plan, now proved by twelve yearsof experience, has given us a strong program of generaleducation in the College, and the basis for the development of an advanced intellectual program in the Divisions. We have made possible the maximum utilizationof the plant, resources, and staff of the University."Unless they wish to take the degree on the new basis,students already matriculated will receive the bachelor'sdegree on the traditional basis. The deans of the Divisions and the dean of students will formulate immediately the requirements for award of the degree on thenew basis to those students already matriculated or entering by transfer from other institutions.With the extended quarter in operation immediately,the present winter quarter will end March 28, insteadof March 20. The spring quarter will run through June20, instead of June 17, only three days being added. Thesummer quarter will open June 22 and close September12. A special schedule will be provided for school teachers, who normally compose a large proportion of summerquarter students, and who must be back in their schoolsbefore Labor Day.During the wartime emergency, classes will not besuspended on Lincoln's and Washington's birthdays, July4, and Labor Day.With the combination of the • quarter system and theChicago Plan organization, the wartime necessity of"speeding up" education for prospective service men haspresented no problem to the University. A student proceeding normally could complete two years of college14THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 15^ork in a calendar year and one-half by taking summerquarter work. The Chicago Plan, however, enabled himto progress as fast as he desired by demonstrating achievement in the general examinations, and many studentshave completed two years of work in one.The "split week" cycle, however, will enable any student who must finance his own education to do so on aregular employment basis and without losing any timefrom his education. With three full days free for employment, freshman and sophomore students have hadthe opportunity since last October to work regularly forMarshall Field & Co., Chicago merchandising organization. A similar opportunity will now be open to allstudents in the University, and the employment plan willbe broadened by making arrangements with other firmssimilar to that now existing with Marshall Field & Co.All Out for War"We are now engaged in total war. Total war maymean the total extinction, for the time being, at least, ofthe characteristic functions of the University of Chicago.I say this as flatly and crudely as I can. . . We are nowan instrumentality of total war."Thus, at the twenty-second annual trustees' dinner tothe faculty, President Hutchins swept away the lastremaining shreds of doubt and hesitancy concerning theUniversity's full participation in the war effort. For thesecond time since its founding the University is on an"all-out" war basis. Not least of the Midway's manyand varied ways of contributing to the war program wasthe granting of leaves of absence to thirteen faculty members, freeing them for work at important war posts inWashington.Men who are now with the Office of Price Administration are: George H. Brown and Joel Dean, of theSchool of Business; Harold F. Gosnell, of the Departmentof Political Science; H. Gregg Lewis and Jacob L. Mosak,of the Department of Economics.Arthur J. Dempster, professor of physics, and DonaldJ. Hughes, instructor in physics, are serving with theNational Defense Research Committee.Frederick H. Harbison, assistant professor of economics,is working with the National Defense Mediation Board.Samuel A. Stouffer, professor of sociology, is with theMorale Division of the Army.Floyd W. Reeves, professor of administration in theDepartment of Education, is with the Defense Commission of the American Youth Committee of the AmericanCouncil on Education.Thornton Page, instructor in astrophysics, is now atthe Naval Ordnance Laboratory.Jacob Viner, Morton D. Hull, distinguished serviceprofessor of economics, and for years on call as an adviserto the Treasury Department, is on leave to that department.Sixteen faculty members were also granted leaves of ARTHUR J. DEMPSTER, professor of physics, now servingwith the National Defense Research Committee.absence to enter various branches of the nation's armedforces. Among them was William R. Keast, instructorin English. Just before entering the Officers' TrainingSchool, Keast's appointment as a corporal came throughfrom Washington, automatically canceling his appointment to the School — an appointment for "Private Keast,"now non-existent. So Keast found it necessary to resignhis corporal's post in order to continue his studies as anofficer.Another instructor in the Humanities Division, Britisher William D. Clark, also left on leave to join theBritish Intelligence Service in New York City. A productof Oundle Preparatory School and Oxford University,Clark was famed among undergraduates for his Englishaccent, his dry sense of humor, and his obstinate refusalto permit anyone to call him Bill."My name," he would say, "is William."Students at WarIn response to requests by the Army and Navy thatuniversities broaden and intensify their physical educationprograms, the University announced completed plans fora new "Physical Preparedness Program for Men." Afterrejecting a plan for compulsory athletic training forstudents as contrary to the "spirit" of the Chicago system,16 THE UNIVERSITY OFthe Athletic Department adopted the present program,to be enforced only by "social pressure" on the part ofstudents themselves. "It will be up to the athletes toexercise social pressure on their fellow students in thedormitories, fraternity houses, and classes," AthleticDirector Nelson T. Metcalf said.The new program provides a test of physical fitnessbased upon Army, Navy and Air Corps tests, and proposes that every student in good health spend a minimumof one hour daily in vigorous exercise, adjusting hisexercise program to his specific physical needs as revealedby periodic repetitions of the physical fitness test. Everystudent, regardless of his health status, was urged toimprove his physical fitness by securing adequate sleep,food, and recreation, and to have a complete medicalexamination in preparation for efforts to correct everyremedial defect.The Institute of Military Studies, in operation sinceOctober, 1940, worked feverishly but efficiently in preparation for training a thousand men during the WinterQuarter. An original quota of 500 was quickly filledafter the Pearl Harbor incident and a second section wasorganized to meet the rapidly increasing student demand.The Institute has already trained 1,650 students andmembers of the public at large in basic military knowledge. Military and educational authorities in the UnitedStates are studying with growing interest the Chicagomethod of combining education with military trainingand obtaining satisfactory results in both fields. Severaluniversities sent representatives to the Midway to obtainfirst hand knowledge of the Institute's methods.Among the many new courses offered in the WinterQuarter which have as their ultimate objectives a contribution to the war program, the most unusual wasorganized by Dr. Herrlee G. Creel, associate professor ofChinese. The course will train twelve students in thereading of "newspaper Chinese", the modern journalisticform of the language in contrast to the spoken and classical forms. "For years European nations have trainedcensors, propagandists, cryptographers, and war expertsHERRLEE G. CREEL, associate professor of Chinese,teaches students to read Chinese newspapers. CHICAGO MAGAZINEin other fields in the use of Oriental languages," Dr. Creeldeclared. "In addition to training students who mayenter this type of war work, the course will also result inthe creation of a textbook in newspaper Chinese whichwill be available to the government for immediate use."The textbook is being prepared by Dr. Creel and sevenvolunteer assistants as the course progresses, by means ofan "inductive method" developed by Dr. Creel in preparing previous textbooks on literary Chinese. The methodinvolves the testing of each chapter by actual class roomuse, revising the text in accord with problems arising inthe process of instruction.Modern newspapers from China to be used in thecourse were donated by San Min, Chinese morning newspaper published daily in Chicago's Chinese district, andby the Chinese consulate in Chicago.Four free evening courses to train American citizensfor important defense jobs in industry were alsoannounced for the Winter Quarter. Sponsored by theUnited States Office of Education through the Engineering, Science, and Management Defense Training Program, the courses cover the fields of organic chemistry,electricity and magnetism, statistical analysis, and production inspection. The classes combine laboratory workwith group discussions, and are open to any Americancitizen with high school education and qualification forwork in the respective fields.To speed the development of Chicago's civilian defense,a free course of three lecture-demonstrations for teachers,hospital administrators, and defense supervisors, wasoffered by the Institute of Military Studies. The sessions.each including a lecture, motion picture, and full discussion, were conducted by Albert Lepawsky, director ofthe University's Institute of Public Service.Hugh M. Cole, instructor in history and widely knownas an expert on military history and German "blitzkrieg"methods, began a series of ten public lectures at theUniversity's Downtown College on "The Second WorldWar and its Military Origins."Other War ReverberationsEntries four and five of Burton Court residence hallwere cleared of students to make room for four hundredand ten coast guard recruits who will be housed and fedin the hall for an indefinite period, under an arrangement with the federal government.Forty recruits are also living at International House,and forty-five at a nearby hotel. All are receiving mealsat the hall, and making use of the neighboring Greenwood field for drill practice.Three hundred women (students, faculty wives, andUniversity employees) are atttending a Red Cross firstaid class meeting every Wednesday night at Ida NoyesHall. The class is sponsored by Miss Gertrude L. Zen-kere, secretary of the Institute of Military Studies.THE UNIVERSITY OFCessation of national advertising in the Daily Maroon,together with the fact that reporters on the paper wereincreasingly occupied with war and defense work, wasresponsible for placing the paper on a publishing basis0f twice weekly — Tuesdays and Thursdays. Dick Him-jriel, chairman of the Maroon Board of Control, wasquick to point out that the daily Northwestern was already on a schedule of publishing daily only every thirdweek, skipping the intervening two weeks completely.Equally rocky was the future of the Cap and Gown. 'If five hundred subscriptions are not obtained this quarter, the forty-second issue (scheduled to appear nextJune) will not be published. Chief reason — rising costsof paper and printing.In Kelly Hall for girls, for the first time in its history,resident students were hired as waitresses to counteract alabor shortage.AppointmentsAppointment of four faculty members to new posts inthe University was announced by President Hutchins.Dr. Neil H. Jacoby, associate professor of finance inthe School of Business, was appointed secretary of theUniversity. In his new position Dr. Jacoby's most important function will be direction of the development workof the University. He will assume his new post at theconclusion of a national defense research project in NewYork City, in connection with which he is on leave ofabsence from the University.Miss Helen R. Wright, professor of social serviceadministration, will succeed Miss Edith Abbott as deanof the School of Social Service Administration. MissAbbott, who has been dean since the School was established in 1920, reaches retirement age this year. MissWright's appoinment becomes effective in the autumn.Clarence H. Faust, professor of English and actingdean of the college since last August, was appointed dean.Dr. Carleton B. Joeckel will succeed Dr. Louis RoundWilson as dean of the Graduate Library School. Dr.Wilson, dean since the School was established in 1932,reaches the retirement age this year and will turn overhis duties to Dr. Joeckel in the fall.Dr. Holt DiesFuneral services for Dr. Arthur E. Holt, professor andchairman of the Department of Social Ethics of the Divinity School and the Chicago Theological Seminary,were held January 17, in the United Church of HydePark.Dr. Holt died in his office at the Seminary on themorning of January 13, following a heart attack. Nationally known as an authority on the relations betweenreligion and society, he would have retired to becomeprofessor emeritus at the end of the present academicyear. CHICAGO MAGAZINE 17Born November 23, 1876, at Longmont, Colorado, hewas educated at Colorado College, receiving the Bachelor's degree in 1898. Coming to Chicago, he was graduated at the Chicago Theological Seminary in 1904, becoming a student pastor at the University of Chicago,where he continued his graduate studies. He wasawarded the Ph.D. degree in 1905.In addition to his service on the University of Chicagofaculty, Dr. Holt was visiting lecturer on social serviceat Yale University in 1921-22 and visiting professor atthe Sir Dorabji Tata School, at Bombay, India. Hisnon-academic work included serving as director of research and survey for the Chicago Congregational Unionand Seminary, honorary chairmanship of the Council forSocial Action, and consultant in the WPA communityservice program.He directed the United Religious Survey of Metropolitan Chicago in 1929 and was regional consultant tothe Y. M. C. A. foreign work survey in India, Burma,and Ceylon in 1929-30.He was the author of "The Fate of the Family in theModern World," published in 1938; "This Nation UnderGod," 1939; and "Christian Roots of Democracy inAmerica," 1941.Dr. Holt is survived by his widow, Grace B. Holt;two daughters, Mrs. Frances Brewster of Moorehead,Minnesota, and Mrs. Florence-Eugenie Arbuthnot ofTarrytown, New York; a son, John B. Holt of Hayatts-ville, Maryland; and a sister, Mrs. L. L. Breckenridgeof Twin Falls, Idaho.Douglas for SenatorAlderman Paul H. Douglas will submit his name ascandidate for United States Senator in the April Democratic primary election. His decision followed a campaign of petitions and requests by a committee of prominent Illinois citizens headed by Edwin Embree, presidentof the Julius Rosenwald Fund. The long-awaited replywas also welcomed by student groups who have beencollecting signatures on petitions from every corner ofthe Quadrangles.The alderman of the Fifth (University community)Ward is professor of economics at the University. Asa member of the City Council of, Chicago his proposalsfor eliminating expense in the city budget have madeheadlines in Chicago's papers. He has long been a firmsupporter of President Roosevelt.If he is elected he will follow a line of Universityalumni and faculty in public elective offices which includes Charles E. Merriam, former Fifth Ward alderman, now member of the National Resources PlanningBoard; James Cusak, '27, Fifth Ward alderman; Professor James Weber Linn, former state legislator, Professor T. V. Smith, former state senator and United Statescongressman-at-large from Illinois.MOST DIFFICULT BUSINESS, II• By GORDON J. LAINGThe University Presshas literally set thestyle for the country.(This is the second part of a short history of theunique University Press. The first was published lastmonth. The author is most familiar to alumni as theAlumni Dean. He is also professor emeritus of Latin anddean emeritus of the Humanities division. For thirtyyears he was general editor of the University Press. Herehe continues his discussion of important publicationsissued by the Press.)Among the books in the religious field the translation of the New Testament by Edgar J. Good-speed is of special note. The distinctive merit ofthe translation lies in the unfailing felicity with which itreproduces the style and feeling of the original Greek.That original was not written in literary Greek but inthe plain, unadorned, direct speech of everyday life, andthe translator, keeping this steadily in mind, has renderedit in English of the same kind. From its first appearanceit has had extensive circulation, and its total sales havebeen larger than those of any other Press book.The Department of Education, under the guidance ofits successive leaders, Dewey, Judd, and Tyler, has alwaysbeen active in research and publication. The success ofDewey's The School and Society has already been mentioned, but the educator whose writings occupy the largest place in the Catalogue is Henry C. Morrison, formerdirector of the Laboratory Schools. Of his several booksone is especially notable, The Practice of Teaching in theSecondary School (1927). This is outstanding for itsinfluence on contemporary educational thinking. It isthe outcome of twenty-four years of study of the methodsof teaching in the secondary school and the undergraduate college.From the early days the financial problems that presented themselves in connection with the publication ofscholarly and scientific books were acute. It frequentlyhappens that the more intensive the research in a volume,the smaller the sale. A book that may represent years ofinvestigation and mark an advance of major significancein the subject may be bought only by specialists in thefield, by university and college libraries, and by publiclibraries of the higher class. The receipts from sales mayconstitute only a small contribution to the cost. • Moreover, while a subsidy fund for the journals was definitelyestablished at an early date, the research books were not so fortunate. To be sure, the University furnished subsidies for many volumes that otherwise could never havebeen published, but the lack of a subsidy fund made itdifficult to plan a publishing program. In 1915-16, however, the situation was adjusted. In that year the University adopted a policy of furnishing the cost of composition and plates for the book program of the followingyear, the Press being charged only with operating expenses and costs of stock, press work, and binding. Herewas the book subsidy at last.Sometimes gifts for the publication of research bookshave been received from outside sources. One benefaction of the kind shines brightly in the memories of allofficials of the Press. It was a gift of $100,000 from theLaura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Foundation forthe publication of noncommercial books. It was given in1926-27, and the sum allotted was spread over five years.The books so far mentioned belong to the scholarly orresearch class. But in addition to them the Press, integrated as it is with the educational activities of the University, has always included in its list such textbooks aspresent pioneer methods of teaching. Its earliest under-THE FIVE PIPES he keeps on his desk, his farm in Vermont,the University Press, and English history of the Tudor periodinterest Wilbur K. Jordan most. He is general editor ofthe Press and associate professor of history. His writingsinclude a history of religious tolerance in 17th centuryEngland.18THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 19Stephen Deutch PhotoAN AUTHOR MEETS WITH THE SALES GROUPAvery Craven (holding papers], professor of history and advertising manager. Names of virtually all professors inauthor of "Democracy in American Life," meets with Rollin more than fourteen hundred colleges, Universities, andD. Hemens, acting manager of the Publication Department; professional schools are on the Press mailing lists. MostDoris Force, head of the Sales Department, and Mary Irwin, Press advertising is by direct mail.taking of this kind was in the field of religion, when it hands of our students, while physics is the subject of theirbecame the publisher of a series of texts in religious edu- study, a book with continuity, designed for reading fromcation, entitled "Constructive Bible Studies," issued under cover to c°v?r. wi*in a reasonable time, stressing _the'. ' source material, phenomena, and giving interpretationsthe direction of President Harper and Professor Burton. in nontechnicai styie and by homely analogy. ... A bookIn 1926-27 an interesting book appeared. It was en- Gf this kind is needed not only for physics but also fortitled The Nature of the World and Man and was edited each of the other sciences listed above. . . The materialby H. H. Newman. It was a pioneer textbook for an is the solid substance of science, proved, checked, cross-orientation course in science, containing sixteen chapters Four q— New plan ^ haye been published in ±ein various fields, each of which was written by a mem- physical ^^ and fouf ^ ^ biological sciences> AUber of the University faculty. This was succeeded some rf ^ -n ^^ me±od of presentation> iUustrationjyears later by a similar collaborative work in general sci- , r , .-. , j _* .. .-u _i1 7 °¦ and format constitute a new departure in textbook-ence, The World and Man. It was edited by F. R. mak'neMoulton and is designed for students in survey courses ^ indication of the distribution of books andand for lay readers. pamphlets in the various fields may be of interest. Of theBoth these books were suitable for general courses cov- {2n books and pamphlets published during the yearsering the whole field of science, and both were successful. mQAl more ^ half were in ^ SQ(M sdences (in_But developments came with the organization of the New duding histQry) Secondj ^ & ^ way behindj werePlan of curriculum at the University of Chicago. Under ^ ^ ±e humanities> The statistics are as foUows.it there was an introductory general course in the physicalsciences and a similar one in the biological sciences. A Biological Sciences (including Medicine) 97book that contained a survey of a whole field of science Humanities 272was not suitable. Furthermore, something in addition to Physical Sciences 76the Syllabus provided for each of the courses was called Social Sciences 656for. The course in the physical sciences covers physics, Religion and Theology 76chemistry, mathematics, geology, and geography, while Library Science 30the one in the biological sciences deals with a still larger Law 4group. Describing this situation in the Preface to his book, From Galileo to Cosmic Rays, Harvey Brace Lemon 1,211says:For these reasons it has seemed desirable to put in the The total number of books and pamphlets published20 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETHIS TRIO HAS DESIGNS ON A BOOKThe designing staff of the University of Chicago Press inthe act of planning cover, layout, type size and style, gradeof paper, and the scores of details which must be settled before production of a book can start. Left to right: MaryD. Alexander, production editor; Herman J. Bauman,typographer; Alfred Sterges, artist.by the Press since its beginning to June 30, 1941, is 2,726.The average now is about a hundred titles a year.From the beginning, President Harper had urged theestablishment of learned periodicals. Even the briefperiod of private ownership saw the publication of fivescholarly journals. Now there are eighteen.The financing of the journals has presented problems.Certainly in the early days, no one ever expected any ofthem to pay expenses. The problem was not to makecosts and receipts balance but to reduce the annual deficitsto a point where they could be taken care of with smallerloss to the University, which met them by annual subsidies.In general, it may be pointed out that while the subsidies required by the journals during the period of1930-1941 were in some cases of considerable size, therewas an improvement as the years went on. But the mostcheerful aspect of journal finances is to be found in thefact that two of the periodicals — the Journal of PoliticalEconomy and the American Journal of Sociology — in recent years have not only paid their way but showed asmall surplus. Excellent articles, careful editing, steadyco-operation between journal editors and Press officials,and the wider appeal of their subject matter — all contributed to this gratifying success.By reason of the number and quality of the books published and the progress made in the development andfinancing of the research journals, the period 1930-41has been the most noteworthy in the history of the Publication Department. Nor has the Department confined itself to routine activities and methods. It has opened upnew channels of publication for scholarly books, tested themarket for the publication of radio broadcasts, promoted the use of movies in classroom instruction, andorganized more effective approaches to the purchasers ofacademic and scientific books. These projects were embodied in four new activities of the Publication Department, namely, the Manuscript Division, the Radio Division, the Educational Directory, and the University ofChicago Sound Motion Pictures.Of these, only the Manuscript Division can be commented on here. It was established in 1933-34, and isdesigned to take care of those books which, in additionto their scholarly quality, have sales possibilities as high-school texts or trade books. It is a plan of joint publication between the University of Chicago Press and somecommercial publishing house, the latter being chosen forits special facilities and success in distributing the classof books to which the particular volume under consideration belongs. Each of the books handled in this way hasthe editorial approval of the Board of University Publications, but is distributed by the other house. Such cooperative arrangements have been made with D. C. Heathand Company, Laidlaw Brothers, Incorporated, the McGraw-Hill Book Company, Doubleday, Doran and Company, Harper and Brothers, Alfred A. Knopf, the Macmillan Company, W. W. Norton and Company, JohnWiley and Sons, and the Society for Research and ChildDevelopment, of Washington, D. C. The plan marks aTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 21distinct advance toward the solution of the puzzling problem of scholarly publishing.Manufacturing DepartmentMost closely identified with the history of this Department is the name of the late A. C. McFarland,- whoseconnection with it went back to 1901 and who was itsmanager from 1920 to 1935. Through his efficiency andthorough knowledge of every phase of the printing business, he established a high standard of product, whichhis successor, Amos W. Bishop, is maintaining.The equipment of the plant has been steadily increased or renewed as the years have passed, and it isnow able to take care of any kind of book or journalcopy. One of its outstanding features is the number offoreign type faces. These are Arabic, Coptic, Egyptianhieroglyphic, Ethiopic, German, Greek, Hebrew, Russian,Syriac, and Nestorian Syriac. There is also some Chinese.A notable characteristic of the Manufacturing Department is found in the scale and efficiency of its copy-reading and proofreading division. This was organizedin 1904-5 along the lines that the special character ofPress publications demanded. It consisted of expert copy-readers and proofreaders who established a standard ofaccurate typography and clean proofs that has been main tained ever since. From this proofreaders' room camethose first few typewritten sheets of rules for typographical accuracy, consistency, and style which gradually developed into the well-known book, A Manual of Style,first issued in 1906 and now in its tenth edition. It is incommon use in printing and publishing houses throughout the country.Such in briefest outline is the University of ChicagoPress. Only by looking over the complete catalog of itsbooks and journals can one get an adequate idea of thevaried content oi its publications: doctoral dissertations,in which students in training have had their first boutwith a problem of research; technical journals, wherescholars record their findings; treatises incorporating theresults of long investigation of obscure and difficult subjects in the physical or biological sciences; erudite discussions of historical problems; analyses of social conditions; expositions of educational trends; textbooks embodying some new plan of teaching; books on art, archeology, music, literature; books of essays in literary criticism; contributions to theology and philosophy; translations; pamphlets dealing with current economic or political questions; a dictionary of American English and anencyclopedia of unified science. Si quaeris provinciamamoenam, circumspice!Wrong NumberC NGLISH INSTRUCTOR WILLIAM R. KEAST, now in the army, reported for oralexaminations for the Officers' Training School. He was asked by an officer-examiner to tell what happened in 1052. Keast, whose forte is English history, launchedinto a scholarly discussion of the historical forces leading to the Norman Conquestin 1066."Oh. The Norman Conquest . . . 1066," the officer interrupted. "That's whatI meant to ask you."22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEHUTCHINS (Continued from page 6)tries, both under contract with the government and asstudent at large, a category that I hope to see greatlyincreased. Then we shall have more students in thebiological and physical sciences. Next year we shouldhave at least as many freshmen and sophomores. Whetherwe shall have students in these age groups after next yeardepends on the duration of the war. When the army canaccommodate and equip them, boys from eighteen totwenty will be conscripted. Now the army cannot houseor train them. They must be left in the educational system.Next year we shall have more women enrolled as regularstudents and as registrants in governmental training programs. How long we shall have them depends again onthe duration of the war. If the war lasts more than twoyears, women in some of the ages represented among ourstudents will be conscripted. But, taking everything atits worst, I believe we shall have in the immediate futuremore students than we have today, always provided thatwe develop and carry through training programs whichactually contribute to winning the war. If it is true thatmodern warfare demands fourteen, or even four menbehind the lines for every one in military service, therewill be no lack of men to be trained or of activities inwhich we are competent to train them.The University has been financed in the past ten yearsby gifts to income. This is a sound policy if gifts toincome can be obtained, or if expenditures are undercontrol, so that they can be rapidly reduced if such giftscannot be raised. It is far from clear that gifts to incomecannot be obtained now and in the future. We areproceeding on the theory that they can be obtained andshall continue in this opinion until the contrary is proved.Mr. Jacoby, whom you know as a member of the facultyin the School of Business, has been appointed as a majoradministrative officer to direct the trustees, the officers,and the Citizens Board in this pious endeavor.As I have said, our policy has been to raise money forcurrent purposes, making sure that we had such controlof expenditures that, if the money could not be raised,our costs could be reduced to meet the decline in income.Both sides of the policy have worked to date. Whencurrent gifts were not available in sufficient volume tosupport the General Budget from 1932 to 1935, we cutthat budget, in three years, by a million and a half ayear. On the other hand, our success in raising moneyduring the depression gives us some hope of successduring a war. In the last ten years we have spent overeleven million dollars from gifts and reserves to balanceour annual budgets. Yet our reserves and gifts in reserveare larger now than they were when the depressionbegan. If we find, and we may find it sooner than Ithink, that we cannot raise enough money to see our wray clear about two years ahead, then we shall simply haveto cut our expenses until our income will meet them.You may ask why, when the disparity between recurring income and recurring expense is already great; whywhen the certainty of restricted income and higher costsis with us now; and why, when we know that the postwar economic problem will be much more terrifying thanthe preesnt one, I do not recommend the immediateachievement of that alliteration dear to every Americanheart, a Balanced Budget. The answer is that nothingis certain, except that a substantial change in the basisof our financial operations would prevent the Universityfrom accomplishing those purposes to which its life hasbeen dedicated. The only activity where very importantmoney can be saved without loss of income is research.Ali other expenditures are rigid, or produce revenue, orhave already been cut as far as possible in our effort todeal with the depression. Research is the characteristicactivity of the University of Chicago. The reputationof the University, which, as Mr. Blair has said, is itsgreatest asset, rests largely on its eminence in research.The loss of the University's reputation would be moreserious than the exhaustion of its gifts in reserve, thanthe use of free funds now allocated to endowment, andeven more serious than that shameful expedient oftenresorted to in the early days, borrowing at the bank.One may contemplate a voluntary change in the character of the University and in its historic role only as alast resort, in the face of clear, present, and immediatedanger. Though we may come to it, we are not thereyet. We cannot tell how long the war will last. Westill believe that we can raise money. And most important of all, we do know that the government is layingout very large sums here for training and research.Whether they will cover the losses we may sustain intuition and endowment income we can only guess. Untilwe know we cannot afford to make a fundamental changein the nature of our university.There have been times in the last twelve years whenthings looked quite as black as they do now. We saidthen that they did not look black enough to justify theviolent measures which would have to be taken if wegave up our reliance on gifts and cut down to our recurring income. We are all glad now. In the light ofthis experience we have to see the wolf, or the sheriff,actually squatting on the doorstep. We are not impressed by rumors of his approach. We must maintainthe excellence of the University to the last.But our concern today is not with the University, butwith the country and with civilization. We can contribute to victory by putting our educational and scientific resources to work in the most efficient manner. But,if we devote ourselves to victory alone, we shall not doall that we might do to save either the country orcivilization. Our real role, the role we were founded toperform, is intellectual leadership. However short we mayhave fallen in our performance, however we may haveTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 23ARTHUR L. H. RUBIN, (right) Director of The Institute ofMilitary studies, outlines the curriculum of the Pre-lnduc-h'on Military Training Course to Lieutenant Hecht in chargeof Reserve Officers Training Corps in South Side highschools. The course has no official government standing asyet, though President Hutchins has recommended that thegovernment make it compulsory for all students of draftage. Educational administrators throughout the countryare watching the course with interest. It may be ananswer to the problem of effectively training students onan extra curriculum basis, in military fundamentals in thegreat majority of institutions which have no R.O.T.C. units.frittered away our time on little jobs of training and littlelines of investigation, the University, I insist, exists toprovide leadership for the nation and the world.But I have said that today our work must meet oneof two tests, either it must help win the war, or it mustcontribute to the intellectual development of our peopleand to the solution, by intellectual means, of the problemsthat confront humanity. I have strongly hinted that ourtransformation into an instrumentality of total war mayprevent us from giving the country, through liberal education and pure research, the intellectual leadership whichour people have hoped for in the past. And I havedone this after saying over and over again in the lastthree years that the intellectual activities of the Universitywere the symbol of everything we had to defend and thatthe best service we could render in the defense of ourcountry was to see to it that those activities were maintained in full force and vigor. You may well ask"Whither is fled the visionary gleam?Where is it now, the glory and the dream?"My answer is that our basic function remains the same. WHERE VARSITY ATHLETES once practiced the shot put,students now learn the art of hand grenade throwing. Inthe background stands George V. Bobrinskoy, assistantprofessor -of Sanskrit. A Ist lieutenant in the Russian armyduring the first world war, he is now an instructor in theSmall Arms School of The Institute of Military Studies."Modern hand grenade throwing," he has explained to thisstudent in the fieldhouse, "is a combination of a baseballcatcher's peg to second base and a shot putter's technique." The old overarm style of the last war, based onthe British cricket-ball technique, is no longer taught, according to Instructor Bobrinskoy.Another has been superimposed upon it which will makeit hard, perhaps very hard, perhaps impossible, to carryon our basic function. The degree of difficulty will depend on the length and intensity of the war. That basicfunction, intellectual leadership, is more difficult thanever — and more vital than ever.Victory cannot save civilization. It can merely preventits destruction by one spectacular method. Since civilization was well on its way to destruction before the warbegan, success in the war will not automatically preserveit. The domination of the world by England, the UnitedStates, and Russia is not identical with civilization. Thevictory of these powers gives mankind a better chanceto be civilized than their defeat. Whether or not mankind will take that chance depends on the kind of intellectual, moral, and spiritual leadership it has.Civilization is not a standard of living. It is not away of life. Civilization is the deliberate pursuit of acommon ideal. Education is the deliberate attempt toform human character in terms of an ideal. The chaosin education with which we are familiar is an infalliblesign of the disintegration of civilization; for it shows that24 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEideals are no longer commonly held, clearly understood,or deliberately pursued. To formulate, to clarify, tovitalize the ideals which should animate mankind, thistask, which I described not long since as candid and intrepid thinking about fundamental issues, this is the incredibly heavy burden which rests, even in total war,upon the universities. If they cannot carry it, nobodyelse will; for nobody else can. If it cannot be carried,civilization cannot be saved. tWhen I say that we must try to get clear about ends,I do not suggest that we can or should ignore means. Theproblems of economic slavery, of racial prejudice, ofstarvation in the midst of plenty, of the purification ofpolitics, of the nature of the peace, and of the organization of the world, are all problems which, though theymust be illuminated by ideals if they are to be solved, cannot be solved by the light of ideals alone. And ifthey cannot be solved, the satisfaction of knowing thatactual conditions are incompatible with our ideals isempty indeed.In this effort to clarify ends and to develop the meansappropriate to them we can all participate. We do nothave to understand ballistics or neutron dispersion. History, literature, philosophy, the arts, the natural sciencesthe social sciences, law, medicine, and the other professional disciplines all have their share in answeringthe great question before us: how can civilization besaved? The task is stupendous. But I offer you thewords of William the Silent: "It is not necessary to hopein order to undertake, or to succeed in order to persevere." With determination, energy, unselfishness, andhumility we must toil to meet "the challenge of our time,How To Tell a ScotsmanWE WERE IN CAMP at Knife Falls on the International Boundry, accessible onlyby canoe and the take-off for hundreds of square miles of more canoe-countryin the hinterland. No other transport was available. At the head of the portagearound the falls is a tiny campsite. It was late afternoon. A party of four mencame up, the canoes neatly balanced on the shoulders of the guides and the twofishermen carrying the duffle. One of the latter was obviously a fisherman inprospect, not in retrospect. For, item first, he wore a straw hat. Item second,while the other three men rustled up wood and supplies to make supper he sat downon a log and began to talk with me, an unknown stranger, about metaphysics.The details of the argument I have forgotten, but the upshot of it was that the*findings of Einstein have forged the last link in the chain of evidence demonstratingthe truth of the idealistic philosophy,I did not learn his name, and we parted within a third of an hour. He may havebeen a university professor, an eminent divine or an iron-monger; he was certainlya Scot. Though you may bray a Scotsman in a mortar, yet will not his metaphysicsdepart from him. — Dr. C. Judson Herrick, Professor Emeritus of Neurology.:THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 25NEWS OF THE CLASSESStraightforward ManA little girl helped persuadeLeRoy Cowles '11, to return toschool. Though chopping cedar postson the Promentory Mountainsbrought welcome money to the hard-pressed family budget, an educationwas more important for LeRoy, shesaid. So he returned to finish theeighth grade of the grammar schoolin Harrisville, Weber county, Utah.That was in the 1890's. Today Dr.Cowles starts his third month as president of the University of Utah. And his wife is the girl from Weber county.In his early teens he worked atcatching and breaking broncos. Hedrove mule teams at a Wyomingplacer mine when he was sixteen. Atthe same time a powerful desire toteach brought him through WeberAcademy and into his first teachingjob in a Wasatch country gradeschool.But the real struggle began whenhe left Wasatch county and took hisyoung wife with him to Chicago. He had chosen the University because hecould get his degree faster by attending school for four quarters of theyear. He sold shoes at MarshallField's. He waited tables and workedin the library. He stuck at it for nineconsecutive quarters and won theBachelor's degree in 1911. Then heand his wife returned to Weber Academy where he joined the faculty.In 1913 he was appointed principalof the Price, Utah, high school. Oneyear later he received the Master'sdegree from the University of Utah.His youthful, overwhelming desire toteach was beginning to pan out.By studying summers at the University of California he obtained thePhD degree in 1926. Nine years agohe was appointed dean of the Schoolof Education at the University ofUtah. At 1:30 A. M. on October 13of last year his telephone rang. Surprised and sleepy, he learned that hehad been chosen president of the oldest university west of the MissouriRiver.Dr. Cowles is an active man, amember of many educational societies, and an omnivorous reader, notably of biblical history and literature.He likes long motor trips. He likesto putter about his canyon home.Above all, he likes to talk with people."I've learned a lot from bums, justas I've learned a lot from sages," hesays. He and the little girl fromWeber county have four sons and adaughter. A past president of theSalt Lake Exchange Club, he is activein religious, civic, and educationalcommunity affairs. Of himself hesays only, "I'm just a plain, straightforward man."Another alumnus settling down thismonth to his duties as head of auniversity is John S. Millis, '24,MA '27, PhD '31, fourteenth president of the University of Vermont.He took office on November 3, exactly150 years to the day from the founding of the university. At thirty-eightDr. Millis is one of the youngest major college presidents in the country.At the University he was awardedhis degrees in the physics department.He played football under CoachAmos Alonzo Stagg. For the past *fourteen years he had been a memberof the faculty of Lawrence College atAppleton, Wisconsin, where he rosefrom an instructor in physics to deanof administration.His father, Harry A. Millis, is professor emeritus of economics at theUniversity and chairman of the National Labor Relations Board inWashington.Ulan Alumnus PhotoLEROY E. COWLES, 'II. He waited on table and sold shoes to make his waythrough the University. Now he is in his third month as president of the University of Utah.26 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEIN THE SERVICEClinton B. Basler, '40, is an acting corporal in the Infantry at CampCroft, South Carolina.Samuel S. Blankstein, MD '34,is stationed at O'Reilly General Hospital, Springfield, Missouri.Bill Coleman, '39, and Bud Linden,, '40, are with the Navy Air Corpsbased at Pensacola, Florida.Edward B. Donnelly, '41, enlistedin the Air Corps and after two monthsat Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, wastransferred to Scott Field, Illinois, tostudy radio.Karl Ek, '34, is in the 86th FieldArtillery Battalion at Fort Stotsinburg,Philippine Islands.Louis H. Fuchs is an aviationcadet at a naval air station in Florida.Elton W. Ham, '40, is a corporalin the Coast Artillery at Fort Andrewsnear Boston.G. Elwood Johnson, a first lieutenant in the Army Air Corps, is located at Keesler Field, Biloxi, Mississippi.Jack Johnston, '41, was stationedat Pearl Harbor when the first Japanese attack occurred. Latest reportsare that he came through uninjured.Herman Kovnick, '39, is at CampClaybourne, Louisiana.Solomon Lighter, AM '41, is atCamp Grant, Illinois.James Loeb, '39, reported for navalaviation flight training at BennettField, New York, on December 16.William Pardridge, '41, is with theArmy Air Corps Intelligence.Richard H. Seip, '35, JD '37, hasas his new address, Flight 38, 359thSchool Squadron, Jefferson Barracks,Missouri.R. Burton Smith, '39, a first lieutenant at Randolph Field, is administrative inspector for the Headquarterssquadron there.Randolph T. Snively, '40, is doing statistical work in the MedicalCorps at the War College in Washington.Ned P. Veatch, '32, JD '34, is afirst lieutenant at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.1904Edward C. Eicher, former congressman from Iowa and until recently chairman of the Securities andExchange Commission, has been appointed Chief Justice of the UnitedStates District Court for the Districtof Columbia.1906Harry Baxter Benninghoff, AM'07, formerly director of WasedaChristian Center and professor of political science at Waseda Universityin Tokyo, has returned to this country where he will head the departmentof philosophy and religion at ShurtleffCollege in Alton, Illinois.Frank Grant Lewis, AM, PhD,'07, has been elected a member of theBoard of Trustees of Cook Academyfrom which he was graduated in 1889.1916Laurence E. Salisbury, formerUniversity track athlete, attached tothe office of the United States highcommissioner in Manila , has beenreassigned to duty in the State Department in Washington. He leftManila before war was declared.1917That flash bulbs lighted by thepatient's own muscles are aidinginfantile paralysis victims to regainthe use of paralyzed limbs was recently reported to the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis byDallas B. Phemister, MD '04.1919Otto W. Snarr, AM, becamepresident of State Teachers Collegein Moorhead, Minnesota, this fall.1920Hans Kurath, PhD, chairman ofthe Division of Modern Languages atBrown University, was elected president of the Linguistic Society ofAmerica on January 1 at the organization's annual meeting in Indianapolis.Joseph U. Yarbrough, PhD, professor of psychology at SouthernMethodist University, has been absenton leave since last January to organize the Texas Merit System Councilwhich serves all State agencies thatspend Social Security funds.SAN FRANCISCOYou don't have to be a member of the National EducationAssociation to attend the following University of Chicago affairsat the NEA Convention in February:TEASt. Francis Hotel, ColonialBallroom, Sunday, February 22,4:30—6:00 P. M.UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGODINNERSt. Francis Hotel, ItalianRoom, Wednesday, February 25,6:30 P. M. Two dollars. 1921Chu-seng Miao, AM, DB, PhD'23, is general secretary of the National Committee for Christian Relj.gious Education in China.1922The National Youth Administration's new youth counselor is WilliamBerry, PhD.Wilbur J. Hatch is musical director for the Columbia BroadcastingSystem with headquarters in Hollywood, California.Florence L. McCracken is deanof the Marjorie Webster School ofSpeech in the national capital.1923Oceonography professor, PhilChurch, is on leave from the University of Washington in order toserve his Alma Mater's Institute ofMeteorology. Operator of the bathythermograph, a giant instrumentwhich records constant temperaturereadings of the lake bed, Churchtravels once a week from Milwaukeeto Chicago gathering data which haveconsiderable bearing on both offensiveand defensive submarine activities.Fifty times during each trip the contrivance, suspended from a cable,plunges to the bottom of Lake Michigan.1924Horace W. Alams, AM, is directorof education at the Federal Prison inTallahassee, Florida.In recognition of his singular contribution to the food industry, Roy C.Newton, PhD, magna cum laude,vice president in charge of researchat Swift and Company, was lastmonth awarded one of the four original memberships in the OklahomaA. and M. College Hall of Fame.1925Erling Dorf, PhD '30, is now anassociate professor of Geology atPrinceton University where he servesas executive secretary of the department.Mrs. Albert G. Zimmerman (RuthLarson) is an instructor in Englishand journalism at State Teachers College in Dickinson, North Dakota.James B. Sullivan is a territorialmanager for the General MotorsAcceptance Corporation in Decatur,Illinois.Raymond H. White, AM, is on thefaculty of Lehigh University at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 271926Charles S. Braden, PhD, has recently published Man's Quest for Salvation (Willett, Clark and Company) .1928Joseph Cedeyco, AM, was recently appointed head of the ForeignLanguage Department at AshlandJunior College in Kentucky.1929Carl Andrew Nissen, AM, isteaching sociology and anthropologyat Denison University in Granville,Ohio.Ruth Monamec is educational director at Blodgett Hospital in GrandRapids.1930John Myles Buchanan, MD '35,formerly assistant district health officer for Los Angeles county, is nowwith the Health Department of Glendale, California.Joseph J. Gibbons is assistant taxsupervisor in Duluth, Minnesota.Harry P. Hartkemeier, PhD, hasbeen promoted to a professorship of business statistics at the University ofMissouri. .Nathan W. Shock, PhD, formerlya member of the University of California's Physiology Department, isnow with the U. S. Public HealthService and has headquarters at Baltimore City Hospital in Baltimore.Harold H. Tucker, PhD, and Mrs.Tucker (Dorothy Hardt '26) havemoved from Milwaukee to Philadelphia where Mr. Tucker has a newposition as director of research for theJohn B. Stetson Company.1931Under the auspices of the IllinoisInstitute of Technology, J. ScottGriffith is doing research on theslags used in the iron and steel industry.1932Franklin C. MacKnight, PhD'38, is on the faculty of Mt. UnionCollege, Alliance, Ohio.Joseph D. Novak, SM, is teachingmathematics at the University ofMinnesota at Minneapolis. 1933Duncan McConnell is an associate chemist petrographer at the Bureau of Reclamation in Denver.Leonard M. Outerbridge, AM, ispastor of the Metropolitan UnitedChurch, Regina, Saskatchewan.1934Elvira J. Gellenthien, AM, PhD'41, has been appointed assistant to1the Dean of Women at Mexico StateTeachers College in Silver City, NewMexico.John M. Hills, PhD, is doinggeologic consulting work in Midland,Texas.Carolyn Royall Just, an attorney in the Lands Division of the U. S.Department of Justice, was admittedto the United States Supreme Courton October 23 on the motion of William Roy Vallance, assistant legaladviser of the Department of State.Clive D. Knowles, AM, is nowsecretary of the Labor Non PartisanLeague in Boston.Helen L. Morgan AM, '36, formerly a Chicago regional adviser, hasa new position on the faculty of theIt's easy to get tendbeef — every time!BUY BY BRAND — Swift's Premium,Swift's Select, Swift's Arrow. You'llsee these identifying names on beefspecially selected by expert meat graders at America's Meat Headquarters.Roasts, steaks, and thrifty cuts — allare clearly identified to assure you thetender, juicy, delicious beef you want.SWIFT'S Bnawbof BEEFSWIFT'S PREMIUM • SWIFT'S SELECT • SWIFT'S ARROW28 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEArthur Hill High School in Saginaw,Michigan.Laura F. Ulery, AM, supervisesgrade schools in Council Bluffs, Iowa.1935Last month when the new Instituteof Military Studies needed an executive officer Howard P. Hudson, whowas enjoying himself writing radioscripts for New York's TransamericanBroadcasting and Television Corporation, was called back to the Quadrangles to fill the post.Sandor Dean Papp, MD, serves asradiologist for Station Hospital inFort Monmouth, New Jersey.Theodore Savich has for the pastyear been a junior chemist in a government laboratory at New Orleans.1936David Crawford, AM, is superintendent of public schools in Rochelle,Illinois.Everett George visited theAlumni Office during the holidays.He is on the sales force of the WalkerManufacturing Company with headquarters in Houston, Texas.Louis E. Ludwig, SM, is a researchchemist at the Wardway Paint Worksin Chicago Heights, Illinois.Edward A. Wight, PhD, has beenappointed professor of library education at George Peabody College forTeachers in Nashville.1937William C. Hurson is assistant tothe traffic manager of the Youngstown Steel Door Company at Youngstown, Ohio.Marshall D. Ketchum, PhD, hasbecome an associate professor at theUniversity of Kentucky's College ofCommerce.Herman Koenig, AM '40, is now ajunior economist in the Office ofPrice Administration in Washington.1938Betty Booth, '38, is a junior attorney in the office of the General Coun-HIGHEST RATED IN UNITED STATESENGRAVERSSINCE 190 6 + WORK DONE BY ALL PROCESSES* 4+ ESTIMATES GLADLY FURNISHED ?? ANY PUBLISHER OUR REFERENCE ?=RAYNEIT• DALHEIM &CO.20S4 W. LAKE ST., CHICAGO. sel of the Economic Defense Board,one of the newest defense agencies inWashington.Harold Elsten is doing propaganda analysis for the Foreign PressIntelligence Section of the Department of Justice.Carlton N. Fischer, MD, isassistant medical director at theKungsbury Ordnance Plant in LaPorte, Indiana.Karl Malcolm Lazarski, MD'40, is now located at the Henry FordHospital in Detroit.Seymour J. Pomrenz, AM, is onthe staff of the National Archives inWashington.Dan Smith, JD '40, is with thefirm of Bell, Boyd and Marshall inChicago.1939Robert M. Borg, SM '40, is anagent for the Massachusetts Districtof the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dorothy Culp, PhD, is assistantprofessor of history at Wesleyan College, Macon, Georgia.Marion L. Davis, AM, is teachingmathematics at Mary Institute, agirls' school in St. Louis.After some time spent on a geologysurvey of eastern Venezuela, DavidM. Grubb s, PhD, and his family havereturned to this country and are livingin Shreveport, Louisiana, where Mr.Grubbs is working on a stratigraphicproblem for the Shell Oil Company.Waldo H. Kliever, PhD, isengaged in design work in optics andaeronautical instruments in Minneapolis, Minnesota.Karl E. Limper has joined thestaff of the Hamilton College GeologyDepartment.Paul G. Luckhardt, SM '40, iswith the Oil and Gas Division of theIllinois Geological Survey at Urbana.Lydia K. Mussman, SM, is doingsubstitute teaching at Morgan ParkHigh School in Chicago.Burton B. Moyer, Jr., formermember of the Junior Rating Boardin the Investigations Division of theCivil Service Commission, has become senior personnel aid in the Personnel Division of the Farm CreditAdministration.Davis J. Pratt is a draftsman forthe Chicago Pump Company.1940Wilfrid R. Foster, PhD, is on thestaff of the School of Mineral Industries at Pennsylvania State College.Thomas Hamilton, formerly withR. R. Donnelley and Sons in Chicagoand for the past year instructor ingovernment at Lawrence College inAppleton, Wisconsin, has been named assistant dean and head of the admis-sions and press relations office at Lawrence. Young Hamilton, who is completing work on his doctorate in hisspare time, will fill a vacancy causedby the resignation of John S. Millis'24, SM '27, PhD '31, who recentlybecame president of the University ofVermont (see Magazine, November1941).John F. McNellis has a fellowship this year to the University'sInstitute of Meteorology where he istraining for work with the Army AirCorps.Jerome Moberg, a staff member ofthe Standard Division of the MurrayAircraft Company in Detroit, writesthat he is spending his Sunday mornings learning to fly.Samuel R. Mohler, PhD, is teaching sociology at Pacific University,Forest Grove, Oregon, this year.Albert Neuhaus, PhD, is teachingmathematics at the University of Alabama.Ruth Neuendorffer is teachingat the Lincoln School, Marion, Alabama.Max North does labor marketanalysis for the Social SecurityBoard's Bureau of Employment Security.Josephine Spampinato teachesmathematics at Lane Technical HighSchool in Chicago.Margaret I. Stemple, MD, is atUniversity Hospital in Little Rock,Arkansas, where she is assistant resident in pathology.Kenneth H. Vanderford, PhD,has, since early September, beenemployed by the Office of the Coordinator of Inter -American Affairs.1941Clinard M. Barron, PhD, is nowa statistician in the U. S. Bureau ofCensus in Washington.Frank M. Bretthole, MBA, isteaching economics at WestminsterCollege in New Wilmington, Pennsylvania.Daniel H. Cahoon, MD, is interning at Boston City Hospital in Boston.Bernard Chesler is an explosivesinspector in the Kankakee OrdnanceWorks.William Colner has a position asa metallurgist with the Stewart Warner Corporation.Marion R. Daugherty, PhD, hastaken a position with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in New YorkCity.Bliss Forbush, executive secretaryof the Park Avenue Friends Meetingin Baltimore, has been elected chair-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO M^an of the Friends General Conference.Joseph Bertram Gittler, PhD,lias accepted a position on the sociol-0gy staff of the University of Georgiaat Athens.Andrew L. Hoekstra is now anassistant in physics at the University0f Colorado Graduate School at Boulder.trenda literary magazinepublished at the University of Chicago presents each month theworks of students, faculty, andalumni of the U. of C, as well asme works of writers at other schools,and of well-known authors.One dollar for next Twenty-five cents afive monthly issues. single copy.The Editors invite manuscripts andsubscriptions.Faculty Exchange, Box 157BUSINESS DIRECTORYAMBULANCE SERVICEBOYDSTON BROS.All phones OAK. 0492operatingAuthorized Ambulance Servicefor Billings HospitalUniversity Clinics, etc.PACKARD AND LASALLE EQUIPMENTAUTO LIVERYAuto LiveryLarge Limousines - $3 Per Hour5 Passenger Sedans - $2 Per HourSpecial rates for out of townEMERY-DREXEL LIVERY INC.S547 S. HARPER AVE.FAirfax 6400AUTOMOBILESFRED W. REMBOLD, INC.6130 Cottage Grove Ave.DODGE and PLYMOUTHDirect Factory DealersSales and ServiceDependable Used CarsPhone Midway 0506 Richard G. Kadesch, PhD, has aposition as research chemist with thePittsburgh Plate Glass Company inBarber ton, Ohio.Deborah Kau, AM, is a socialworker in Honolulu, Hawaii.Chemist Herbert K. Livingston,PhD, is doing research for the du Pontde Nemours laboratories and lives innearby Waynesboro, Virginia.Marion E. Owens, AM, has goneto Stephens College in Columbia,Missouri, to direct the VocationalGuidance Clinic there.Daphne B. Swartz, PhD, is nowa member of the Department of Biology at Bradley Institute in Peoria,Illinois.Donald P. Veith, AM, is an instructor in English at WestminsterCollege, Fulton, Missouri.J. Oran Young, PhD; is now withLibby, McNeill and Libby, BlueIsland, 111.SOCIAL SERVICEA History of Poor Relief Legislationand Administration in Missouri hasjust been published by Fern Boan,PhD, '40, of the University of Oklahoma's School of Social Work.Addison Brandon, AM '41, nowon the staff of the United StatesChildren's Bureau, has been sent toUraguay to participate in the development of child welfare services inthat country.James Brown, PhD '39, has recently had published A History ofPublic Assistance in Chicago, 1833-1893.Marjory L, Case, AM '41, issupervising students doing field workin family welfare at the University.Hazel Corrigan, AM '41, hasaccepted a position with the St. LouisChildren's Aid Society.Elwood Davis, AM '41, has beenmade research assistant with the Illinois Board of Public Welfare Commissioners.Helen Dennis, AM '41, is workingin the Pediatrics Service of New YorkCity Hospital.Jeanette Elder, AM '33, hasaccepted a position as social statistician for the National Travelers AidAssociation in New York.George Faris, AM '41, is now onthe staff of the State Training Schoolfor Boys in St. Charles, Illinois.Thomas Fetzer, AM '41, andTheodore Knock, AM '41, havetaken positions in the American RedCross in Chicago.Estelle Geismar, AM '41, hastaken a position as supervisor in theJewish Children's Bureau of Chicago.Gilbert Hunter, AM '39, hasaccepted a position as case worker AGAZINE 29AWNINGSPhones Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park AwningINC. Co.,Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove Aven ueBOILER REPAIRINGBEST BOILER REPAIR & WELDING CO.24-HOUR SERVICELICENSED - BONDEDINSUREDQUALIFIED WELDERSHAYmarket 79171404-08 S. Western Ave.. ChicagoMEDICAL BOOKSof All PublishersThe Largest and Most Complete Stock andall New Books Received as soon as published. Come in and browse.SPEAKMAN'S(Chicago Medical Book Co.)Congress and Honore StreetsOne Block from Rush Medical CollegeCATERERJOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all ffs branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900- —0901Retail Deliveries Daily and SundaysQuality and Service Since 1882CEMENT CONTRACTORST. A. REHNQUIST CO.\ i " T7 CONCRETEFLOORSVJ/\r\r SIDEWALKS\\ V MACHINE FOUNDATIONS\\ MASTIC FLOORSV ALL PHONESEST. 1929 Wentworth 44226639 So. Vernon Ave.CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '11B. R. Harris, '21Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285-630 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINECOALEASTMAN COAL CO.Established 1902YARDS ALL OVER TOWNGENERAL OFFICES342 N. Oakley Blvd.Telephone Seeley 4488Wasson-PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phones: Wentworth 8620-1-2-3-4Wesson's Coal Makes Good — or—Wasson DoesCOFFEE-TEALa Touraine Coffee Co.IMPORTERS AND ROASTERS OFLA TOURAINECOFFEE AND TEA209-13 MILWAUKEE AVE., CHICAGOat Lake and Canal Sts.Phone State 1350Boston — New York — Philadelphia — SyracuseELECTRICAL CONTRACTORSWM. FECHT ELECTRIC CO.CONTRACTORS - ENGINEERSLIGHT & POWER CONSTRUCTION600W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneSeeley 2788EMPLOYMENTCOLOREDDOMESTIC HELPFurnishedDay or NightReferences investigated.Englewood Employment Agency5530 S. State Phone-Englewood 3 1 8 1 -3 1 82Street Night-Englewood 3181Established 20 yearsENGRAVERSSERHALF TONE with the Social Service Bureau ofRichmond, Virginia.Margaret Warren Jordan, AM'33, is working as a statistician for theDepartment of Public Welfare in Alabama.G. Eleanor Kimble, PhD '31, hasbeen appointed to the faculty of theGraduate School of Social Work atthe University of Washington inSeattle.Blanche Levi, AM '41, has accepted a position with the Universityof Oregon Medical School Hospitaland Clinic in Portland.Marjorie MacKinnon, AM '41,has taken a position with the Familyand Children's Agency in KansasCity, Missouri.Arthur P. Miles, PhD '40, whoteaches in the# School of Social Workat Tulane University, has recentlypublished Federal Aid and PublicAssistance in Illinois.Vallie Smith Miller, AM '41,has returned to her position as headof the Tennessee State Child WelfareService.Frank Moncrief, AM '36, hasbeen made secretary of the ResearchCommittee of the San Francisco Community Chest.Samuel Pascoe, AM '41, has beenmade assistant director of the IreneKaufman Settlement in Pittsburgh.Ruth Marshall Pierstorff,AM '41, is doing psychiatric socialwork at the Kansas City, Missouri,General Hospital.Ruth Pitman, AM '41, is one ofthe workers in the Child WelfareServices Program of Indiana.Alice Reynolds, AM '41, has accepted a position on the faculty ofthe School of Social Work at theUniversity of Indiana.Catherine Roherty, AM '41, hasbecome district superintendent for theUnited Charities of Chicago.Helene Sensenich, AM '41, isnow with the University of Pennsylvania's Social Service Department.Theodosia Taylor, AM '41, iswith the Children's Service Bureau inPittsburgh.Mary Vernia, AM '41, has taken aposition with the Illinois Children'sHome and Aid Society in Chicago.Ardelia Womack, AM '41, hasbeen appointed to a position on thestaff of the Child Welfare Program ofArkansas.bornTo Brownlee Haydon, '35, andMrs. Haydon, a daughter, Julie, onAugust 23, in Chicago.To George Faris, AM '41, andMrs. Faris, a daughter, Virginia, inDecember.To Alfred R. Loeblich, PhD '41, GRAPHIC ARTSTHE SCRIPTORIUMScribes * Illuminators • BindersC L RICKETTS JASPER S KINGIf it is said to last a lifetime or longer, sayit sincerely with well-chosen words m beautiful, imperishable designMESSAGES OF APPRECIATION. RESOLUTIONS, ILLUMINATED INSCRIPTIONSMEMORIALS; BIRTHDAY. CHRISTMASAND GUEST BOOKS; CRESTS, COATSOF ARMS, TITLE PAGES•DIPLOMAS, CITATIONS,HONORARY DEGREES, CHARTERSValued papers and letters restoredand bound38 SOUTH DEARBORN STREETDEARBORN 0001 CHICAGOGROCERIESLEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyde Park 9100-1-2DAWN FRESH FROSTED FOODSCENTRELLAFRUITS AND VEGETABLESWE DELIVERLAUNDRIESSUNSHINE LAUNDRYCOMPANYAll ServicesDry Cleaning2915 Cottage Grove Ave.Telephone Victory 5110LETTER SERVICEPOND LETTER SERVICEEverything in LettersHooven TypewritingMultigraphingAddressograph Service MimeographingAddressingMailingHighest Quality Service Minimum PricesAll Phones 418 So. Market St.Harrison 8118 ChicagoLITHOGRAPHERL. C. Mead '21. E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing731 Plymouth CourtWabash 8182OFFICE FURNITURESTEELCA5EHzzsin&ss Equiprtxentr\FILING CABINETSDESKS — LOCKERSCUPBOARDS — SHELVINGMetal Office Furniture Co* Grand Rapid*, Michigan VERSITY OF CHICAGO MTHE UNI OPTICIANSNELSON OPTICAL CO.PAINTERSGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3186E. STEWART FEIGHINC.PAINTING — DECORATING5559 TelephoneCottage Grove Ave. Midway 4404RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING & DECORATING1331 TelephoneW. Jackson Blvd. Monroe 3192 PHOTOGRAPHERMOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago . . State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNIPLASTERINGHOWARD F. NOLANPLASTERING, BRICKandCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. Lake Park Ave.Telephone Dorchester 1579PRINTERSCLARKE-McELROYPUBLISHING CO.6140 Cottage Grove AvenueMidway 3935"Good Printing of All Descriptions" and Mrs. Loeblich, a son, Alfred R.Loeblich, III.Wayne R. Lowell., '39, and Mrs.Lowell (Mildred HawksworthLowell, '39), a son, Brent, on November 22.To Irvin E. Lunger, AM '35, DB'36, and Mrs. Lunger, a daughter,Susan Ann, on August 27, in Chicago.To Leon R. Lyle, '38, and Mrs.Lyle (Prudence Tomlinson Lyle'38), a son, Richard Lyle, IV, onNovember 28.To John R. Moulton, '35, andMrs. Moulton (Charity Harris,'36), a son, David Rawlins, on January 8.To Is adore Pearlman, AM '41,who is on the staff of the NationalArchives in Washington, and Mrs.Pearlman, a daughter, Doris, onChristmas Day.To Mr. and Mrs. Richard C. Scott(Elizabeth C. Scott, '35), a daughter, Phoebe Thomas, on January 1, inSchoolfield, Virginia.To Mr. and Mrs. Harold N.Schreuder (Katherine Stanton,AM '40) a daughter, Katherine, onDecember 2 in Yorktown Heights,New York.To Erik Wahlgren, '33, PhD '38,and Mrs. Wahlgren a son, Nils Eriksson, on December 22, in Los Angeles.ENGAGEDJane Lasner, '39, to Robert H.Weiner.Muriel Libby. Evans, '41, of Chicago, to William Rendleman, '41, ofDavenport, Iowa.Sylvia Lois Willner of Evanston,Illinois, to Walter Rothstein, MBA'40, who is now studying law at Hartford.Ruth Marie Rinsie to Bertram G.Warshaw, '38, JD '40, of Chicago.MARRIEDJayne McLean to Willis BerryBerbling, '39, on November 8. Athome 415 10th Street, Wilmette, Illinois.Lois Blair, '40, to Paul RolloLee, AM '40, last June in ThorndikeHilton Chapel on the Quadrangles.At home in Gulfport, Mississippi.Barbara Brooks, AM '41, to JohnRoche, in July.Virginia Cummings to John De-vine, '35, AM '35, on January 10,in New York City.Marjorie Edelstein, '38, toMichael G. Berkman, '37, PhD '41,on November 28. At home, 4537South Drexel Boulevard, Chicago.Betty Lou Lindberg, '40, to William A. Chermside, on December 27,in Mexico City, Mexico, where theywill make their home.Ruth Elizabeth McCormick to AGAZINE 31RESIDENTIAL HOTELSBLACKSTONEHALLanExclusive Women's Hotelin theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering Graceful Living to University and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALL5748 TelephoneBlackstone Ave. Plaza 3313Verna P. Werner, DirectorRESTAURANTSThe Best Pface to Eat on the South SideCOLONIAL RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone Hyde Park 6324ROOFERSRUGSAshjian Bros., inc.ESTABLISHED 1921Oriental and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED8066 South Chicago Phone Regent 6000COMMERCIAL SCHOOLSINTENSIVE¦ STENOGRAPHIC COURSEfor College People OnlySuperior training for practical, personal use or profitable employment. Course gives you dictation speed of100 words a minute in 100 days. Classes beginJanuary, April, July and October. Enroll Now.Write or phone for bulletin.BRYANT & STRATTON College18 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago Tel: RAN. 1575MacCormac School ofCommerceBusiness Administration and SecretarialTrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESAccredited by the National Association of Accredited Commercial Schools.1170 E. 63rd St. H. P. 2130ERSITY OF CHICAGO M32 THE UN IVSCHOOL— SHORTHANDSUPERIOR PREPARATIONfor Stenographer, Secretary,Accountant, Court ReporterUnprecedented Demand for our GraduatesFREE Employment BureauCall, write, or phone STAte 1881THE GREGG COLLEGE6 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, IllinoisSHEET METAL WORKSECONOMY SHEET METAL WORKS•Galvanized Iron and Copper CornicesSkylights, Gutters, Down SpoutsTile, Slate and Asbestos Roofing•1927 MELROSE STREETBuckingham 1893STOCKS— BONDS— COMMODITIESP. H. Davis, 'II. H. 1. Markham, 'Ex. '06R. W Davis, '16 F. B. Evans, 'IIPaul H. Davis & CoMembersNew York StockChicago StockChicago Board ExchangeExchangeof Trade10 So. La Salle St. Franklin B622TEACHERS' AGENCIESAMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. JACKSON BOULEVARDCHICAGOA Bureau of Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field.It is affliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.Albert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau formen and women in all kinds of teachingpositions. Large and alert College andState Teachers' College departments forDoctors and Masters; forty per cent of ourbusiness. Critic and Grade Supervisors forNormal Schools placed every year in largenumbers; excellent opportunities. Specialteachers of Home Economics, Business Administration, Music, and Art, secure finepositions through us every year. PrivateSchools in all parts of the country amongour best patrons; good salaries. Well prepared High School teachers wanted for cityand suburban High Schools. Special manager handles Grade and Critic work. Sendfor folder today.CLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency57th YearNationwide ServiceFive Offices— One FeeCHICAGO, MINNEAPOLISKANSAS CITY. MO. SPOKANENEW YORK Maxwell Peter Miller, '40, production manager for the WoodwardInstrument Company in Rockford,Illinois, in August of last year.Esther Jacobs to Martin D.Miller, '39, in Thorndike HiltonChapel on the Quadrangles, on October 18.Beverly Stocking to Norman M.Pearson,, '37, administrative analystfor the U. S. Department of Agriculture, on November 29. At home,4378 North Pershing Drive, Arlington, Virginia.Martha Miller of Detroit to Leonard Reichle, '36, on New Year's Dayin Detroit. At home, 3724 TalilunaAvenue, Knoxville, Tennessee.Miriam Bazelon to Roland I.Richman, '41, on December 21, inChicago.Dorothy Livingston Ulrich,'36, to Prince Serge Troubetzkoy, aprivate in the United States Army, onChristmas Day in Hartford, Connecticut.Irene Walden to Charles E.Hunt, '28, on July 12. At home,1451 Elmdale, Chicago.Marian Warmington of Chatham,Ontario, to William M. Wilkerson,'40, who is serving with the CanadianArmy at Vimy Barracks, Kingston,Ontario.Eloise Webster, '31, SM '32, toJames Edward Baker on November22. At home, 4534 Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago.Barbara Wilder, '37, to JamesSutherland on September 26. Athome, 828 North 3rd Street, Burlington, Iowa.DIEDRoy Carlyle Bensen, '28, PhD'30, head of the department of philosophy at McMaster University inHamilton, Ontario, on October 3.Franklin D. Elmer, '08, in Hartford, Connecticut, last November.Robert E. Gray, MD '96, on June17, in Garden City, Kansas.Chester A. Hammill, '12, inDallas, Texas, on December 7, of aheart attack.Mrs. David A. Robertson (AnneKnobel '98) on November 43 inBaltimore.Edwin W. Neff, AM '31, on October 22, in Sturgis, Michigan.George H. Olson, Jr., '40, anaviation instructor at Gunter Field,Alabama, on December 17, when hisplane crashed and burned during atraining flight.Francis Bruton Sissman, AM'24, late in December.Sister Hyacinth Werden, AM322, on December 19, in St. Paul,Minnesota. AGAZINETEACHERS' AGENCIESHUGHES TEACHERS AGENCY25 E. JACKSON BLVD.Telephone Harrison 7793Chicago, III.Member National Associationof Teachers AgenciesGenerally recognized as one of the leading TeachersAgencies of the United States.UNDERTAKERSBOYDSTON BROS., INC.UNDERTAKERSSince 18924227-29-31 Cottage Grove Ave.All Phones OAKIand 0492UNIFORMSTailored Uniforms Made to MeasureWomen Doctors and Nurses, Stock sizeInterne SuitsANEDA McSWEENY1910 So. Ogden AvenueSEEley 3734 Evenings by AppointmentVENTILATINGThe Haines CompanyVentilating and Air ConditioningContractors1929-1937 West Lake St.Phones Seeley 2765-2766-2767HAIR REMOVED FOREVERBEFORE AFTER20 Years' ExperienceFREE CONSULTATIONLOTTIE A. METCALFEELECTROLYSIS EXPERTGraduate NurseMultiple 20 platinum needles can beused. Permanent removal of Hair fromFace, Eyebrows, Back of Neck or anypart of Body; destroys 200 to 600 HairRoots per hour.Removal of Facial Veins, Moles andWarts.Member American Assn. Medical Hydrology andPhysical Therapy, Also Elect rologists Associationof Illinois$1.75 per Treatment for HairTelephone FRA 4885Suite 1705, Stevens Bldg.17 No. State St.Perfect Loveliness Is Wealth in BeautyROCKEFELLER MEMORIAL CHAPEL/ give and bequeath to the University of Chicago the sumof (signed) Two microphones fit against the sidesof his Adam's apple. He doesn't haveto hold this "mike"— his hands are free. How can a throat microphonehelp win battles?This throat microphone is somethingnew— made by Western Electric forthe nation's air forces.It picks up the vibrations from theflyer's vocal cords. Motor roar andmachine-gun chatter don't get in todrown out his radio message. Andthe battle's outcome may depend onthat message getting through. This important device was developed by Bell Telephone Laboratories, pioneers in the field of aviationradio, and was made in the sameworkshop as your Bell Telephone.It is among the many benefitswhich have grown out of WesternElectric's long experience as manufacturer for the Bell System.Western Electric .. .is back of yourBell Telephone service