i£W Urtank.THE UNIVERSITY OF(HI (AGO MAGAZINEN UTHE ALUMNI COUNCILOFTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOChairman, JOHN NUVEEN, JR., '19Secretary and Editor, CHARLTON T. BECK, '04The Council for 1938-39 is composed of the following delegates:From the College Association: Josephine T. Allin, '99; Arthur C. Cody, '24; Charles C.Greene, '19, JD'21; Olive Greensfelder, '16; Huntington Henry, '06; Frances HendersonHiggins, '20; J. Kenneth Laird, '25; Frank J. Madden, '20, JD'22; Herbert I. Markham,'05; Robert T. McKinlay, '29, JD'32; Frank McNair, '03; Helen Norris, '07; John Nuveen,Jr., '19; Keith I. Parsons, '33, JD'37; Elizabeth Sayler, '35; Katherine Slaught, '09; CliftonUtley, '26; Helen Wells, '24.From the Doctors of Philosophy Association: Gilbert A. Bliss, '97, PhD'00; Harold F. Gosnell, PhD'22; Robert V. Merrill, PhD'23.From the Divinity Association: Charles L. Calkins, AM'22; Lon R. Call, DB'20; Laird T.Hites, AM'16, DB'17, PhD'25.From the Law School Association: Arnold R. Baar, '12, JD'14 ; Charles F. McElroy, AM'06,JD'15; Charles P. Schwartz, '08, JD'09.From the Education Association: Harold A. Anderson, '24, AM'26; Paul M. Cook, AM'27;Robert C. Woellner, AM'24.From the School of Business Association: George W. Benjamin, '35; Louise Forsyth, '30; NeilF. Sammons, '17.From the School of Social Service Administration Association: Ruth Strine Bellstrom, '31;Anna Sexton Mitchell, AM'30; Marie Walker Reese, '34, AM'36.From the Rush Medical College Association: C. J. Lundy, '24, MD'27; William A. Thomas,'12, MD'16; R. W. Watkins, MD'25.From the Association of the School of Medicine in the Division of the BiologicalSciences: Sam Banks, '30, MD'35; Sylvia Bensley, MD'30; Alf Haerem, MD'37.From the Chicago Alumnae Club: Catherine Rawson, '25; Barbara Miller Simpson, '18;Louise Norton Swain, '09, AM'16.From the Chicago Alumni Club: John William Chapman, '15, JD'17; Wrisley B. Oleson, '18;John J. Schommer, '09.From the University: John F. Moulds, '07.Alumni Associations Represented in the Alumni CouncilThe College Alumni Association: President, John Nuveen, Jr., '19; Secretary, Charlton T.Beck, '04, Universitv of Chicago.Doctors of Philosophy Association: President, Gilbert A. Bliss, '97, PhD'00; Secretary, Harold F. Gosnell, PhD'22, University of Chicago.Divinity School Association: President, Charles L. Calkins, AM'22; Secretary, Charles T.Holman, DB'16, University of Chicago.Law School Association: President, Arnold R. Baar, '12, JD'14; Secretary, Charles F. McElroy, AM'06, JD'15, 29 South LaSalle Street, Chicago.School of Education Association: President, Aaron J. Brumbaugh, PhD'29; Secretary, Le-nore John, AM'27, 6009 Kimbark Avenue, Chicago.School of Business Association: President, George Benjamin, '35; Secretary, Shirley Davidson, '35, 8232 South Sangamon Street, Chicago.Rush Medical College Association: President, Edward Allen, MD'19; Secretary, Carl O. Rinder, '11, MD'13, 122 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago.School of Social Service Administration Association: President, Roger Cumming, AM'36;Secretary, Kathryn Lain, AM'35, Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society, 203 North Wabash Avenue, Chicago.Association of the Medical School of the Division of Biological Sciences: President, Carter Goodpasture, MD'37; Secretary, Gail Dack, '27, MD'33. University of Chicago.All communications should be sent to the Secretary of the proper Association or to the Alumni Council,Faculty Exchange, University of Chicago. The dues for membership in any one of the Associations namedabove, including subscription to The University of Chicago Magazine, are $2.00 per year. A holderof more Degrees from the University of Chicago may be a member of more than one Association; in suchinstances the dues are divided and shared equally by the Associations involved.THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEALUMNI COUNCILHoward P. Hudson, '35Associate EditorPUBLISHED BY THECharlton T. Beck, '04Editor and Business ManagerFred B. Millett, PhD '31; William V. Morgenstern, '20, JD '22; Don Morris, '36Contributing EditorsArthur C. Cody, '24; Dan H. Brown, '16; Ruth Stagg Lauren, '25Council Committee on Publications y-IN THIS ISSUETHE COVER: Dwight H.Green, '20, JD, '22, who hasannounced his candidacy forthe Republican nomination for mayorof Chicago. Mr. Green won nationwide fame when, as district attorney,he prosecuted the case which sent AlCapone to prison. His running matefor City Clerk is John WilliamChapman, '15, JD, '17, president ofthe Chicago Alumni Club. The University narrowly missed having another alumnus in the race when Harold L. Ickes, '97, JD, [07 declinedthe petitions of friends to enter theDemocratic mayoralty race.Bernadotte E. Schmitt, Professorof Modern History, is one of theworld's authorities on the origins ofthe World War. He is the authorof The Coming of the War, 1014 andTriple Alliance and Triple Entente.In 1931 he won the Pulitzer Prize inhistory. Following the Europeancrisis last fall and with the situationabroad still confused and muddled,it is a privilege to have such an expert express his views. "The UnitedStates Faces the World" is a noteworthy article.It would take the wisdom of aDr. Gallup to evaluate accurately theeffect and reverberations of PresidentHutchins' football article in the Sat-urday Evening Post in which he Deadline is February 1, 1939, and allformer students of the University areeligible.Have you ever heard of a DebateUnion that doesn't debate — and is oneof the outstanding organizations of itskind in the country? The truth ofthe matter is that the University Debate Union has forged ahead so rapidly in the Chicago trailblazing tradition that it hasn't had time tochange its name. Three of its leading members, Jack Conway, PaulGoodman and George Probst tell thestory in this issue.advocated ten cent gate receipts andblasted what he termed "athleticism"in institutions of the higher learning.Donald Plant has succeeded, however, in uncovering just about everytype of reaction extant, and muchmore amusingly, too, than all of thepolls and surveys in the world. Theauthor of "Symposium in a Saloon"is the former editor of The Chicago an.Two excellent products of lastyear's Manuscript Contest are "Ballot Box Bluenoses" and "ReunionReverie." This brings us by way ofAltoona to the new contest officiallyannounced in the Alumni Bulletin. • "— — Now that football has been sup-TABLE OF CONTENTS planted by basketball and other win-JANUARY, 1939 ter games, Jay Berwanger relin-Page qUjshes his Athletics column to DonT^o^^^^"h^.^ 3 Morris, '36, former Phoenix editorSymposium in a Saloon, Donald C. who is now sports writer for the de-Plant 7 partment of Press Relations.A Debate Union That Doesn'tDebate, lack Conway, Paul Good- •man, and George Probst 8 - -*Ballot-Box Bluenoses, Max Son- In November Ruth Earnshaw Lo,derby 10 '31 ? wrote in the Letters columnRE^NKf .£EVERIE> Leona Canterburyi • about her experiences at-Hua ChungMandeville 13 / *The Campus Bystander, Emmett College as the Japanese army forcedDeadman 14 their evacuation. Now her husband,In My Opinion, Fred B. Millett 15 Q p. Lo, a Chicago Ph.D. explainsNews of the Quadrangles, William how tne College was transported outV. or gens em ^ danger, a tale of perseverance andAthletics, Don Morris 19 *> > fHua Chung on the March, C. F. Lo 20 courage, more effective because of itsNews of the Classes 23 simpk, unemotional exposition.Published by the Alumni Council of the University of Chicago monthly, from October to June. Office of Publication, 403 Cobb Hall, 58th St. atEllis Avenue, Chicago. Annual subscription price $2.00. Single copies 25 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934 at the Post Uftceat Chicago, Illinois, under the act of March 3, 1879. The Graduate Group. Inc., 30 Rockeieller Plaza, New York City, is the official advertising agencyof the University of Chicago Magazine.VOLUME XXXI THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINE NUMBER 4JANUARY, 1939THE UNITED STATESFaces the WorldBy BERNADOTTE E. SCHMITT, Professor of Modern HistoryTHERE are many signs that the United States isapproaching a great crisis in its foreign relations,a crisis decidedly more serious than that of 1917when we were plunged into the Great War. The eventsof last September, when another European war was, Ithink, narrowly avoided, revealed that for nearly twentyyears we have been living in dreamland and that stillmore shocking surprises are probably in store for us. Infact, the "Peace of Munich" — or more accurately the"Munich Dictation" — was more disillusioning to theAmerican than to any other people.In 1917, after long hesitation, we entered the war inorder to make the world safe for democracy. We wereentirely sincere in that purpose, and those who answeredthe call to arms are proud to have served to that end.Then, because the peace treaties of 1919-1920 did notmeasure up to the Fourteen Points of President Wilsonand our ideals, we rejected the treaties and repudiatedthe League of Nations which was designed to providethe framework for a new world order. Having donethis, that is to say, having rejected the theory and practice of international cooperation and decided to play alone hand, we should, logically, have provided ourselveswith the force necessary to protect our interests and secure consideration of our wishes. Instead, however, wescrapped a considerable part of our fleet in building,accepted the principle of parity with Great Britain, andfailed to maintain even parity in fact.In the years which followed we persuaded ourselvesthat public opinion, still remembering the horrors of1914-1918, would be able to prevent another war; thatthose who urged international cooperation were the victims of British or French propaganda and that the advocates of a large navy were subsidized by munitions'makers ; that in any event America was protected by thethe two oceans; and, subconsciously, that the interestsof the British Empire were in no small measure identicalwith our own and that its armed forces would provide afirst line of defense for us. The most we would offer tothe cause of the peace of the world was the Briand-Kellogg Pact — which did not provide for any implementation or even for consultation among its signatories.It has taken seven years — from 1931 to 1938 — to demonstrate the complete unreality of our illusions. But*The Convocation Address, December 20, 19 after the Japanese conquest of Manchuria and invasionof China, the Italian war against Ethiopia, the Germanand Italian intervention in Spain, the German seizure ofAustria, and the partition of Czechoslovakia, it is onlytoo evident that force, naked military force, is the principal factor in international relations. As a matter ofhistorical record, force has always been "the last argument of kings," as the old Latin tag put it (ultima ratioregum), but in the long peace from 1871 to 1914 andagain from 1918 to 1931, force was actually so seldomused that it was easy to forget about it and we were notprepared for the recent brutal manifestations of it at theexpense of weaker nations.Equally clear is the failure of the great ideal of international cooperation representedby the League of Nations,which is, at the moment, prettythoroughly discredited. It isnot merely that France andGreat Britain have been unwilling to face the risks involved inenforcing the Covenant, butalso that the smaller states, whofor some years gave the Leaguetheir sincere and enthusiasticdevotion, have come aroundto the position where manyof them now refuse to recognize any obligation in respect of sanctions. So lowhas the League fallen that it made no effort to deal withthe Czechoslovak crisis — although its chief reason for existence was supposedly to act in just such a crisis.A third surprise, at least for many people, has beenthe revelation that nations will not fight or even run therisk of fighting unless their most direct interests areaffected. That Great Britain would abandon the principle of the balance of power to which she had adheredand for which she had fought for several centuries ; thatFrance would repudiate her signature to a solemn treatyof alliance: these things had to happen before they became credible. Apparently nothing short of a demandfor or an attack upon their own territories will inducethe two democratic peoples of Western Europe to resortto arms.In the event, therefore, of a threat to the interests ofBERNADOTTESCHMITT34 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthe United States, we can not expect either the Leagueof Nations or the Great Powers to serve as shock absorbers and give us time to make our own preparations.We shall have to face the world alone, and we need tobe prepared to face it without much warning.This language is not to be interpreted as meaning thatnext week or even next month we shall be faced withthe issue of war. What I do wish to imply is that theUnited States, so long as it is unwilling or unable toachieve an effective measure of international cooperation, should orient its policy and build its defenses onthe assumption that in the event of our having to fightwe shall be strong enough to "go it alone" successfully.But, many will undoubtedly say, there is no necessityfor the United States to become involved in war or evento face the danger of it. We have only to mind our ownbusiness and other nations, even the most aggressive,will let us alone. In the first place, it is said that wemust and can keep clear of Europe. Our interventionin European affairs in 1917 solved nothing and will beof no avail in the future ; for, after a thousand years ofconstant strife, the nations of Europe are hopelesslyirreconcilable and little is gained, for them or for us, ifthe United States joins one temporary combination ofEuropean powers in order to defeat another temporaryand rival combination. Even any attempt by the UnitedStates in the direction of international cooperation topreserve peace merely involves us in European quarrelsand does not settle them. According to this view, weshould leave the pacific powers, Britain and France, totheir fate if they are threatened by the aggressive fasciststates, and we must ourselves avoid any provocation ofthe dictators.In line with this thinking, it is urged, secondly, thatthe United States should withdraw from the Far East,that is, not only recognize the independence of the Philippines but also give up our interests in China. Our position and interests in China can be maintained againstJapan only by nghtng, and it is asserted that they arenot worth fighting for, the amount of trade and the number of persons involved both being small. With Europethus abjured and East Asia repudiated, with both Eastern and Western shores protected by broad oceans, weshall be able to escape, or at any rate greatly reduce, thedanger of entanglements and war, and shall be left freeto concentrate our energies on our own soil and to extend our commerce with Latin America.This is not only an engaging picture, but to a certainextent it represents the policy being followed at the moment by the present administration. Thus, in his telegram of September 27 to Adolf Hitler urging the German chancellor to accept a peaceful issue of the Czechoslovak crisis, President Roosevelt was at some pains toassert that the United States had "no political involvements" in Europe and would "assume no obligations"in the conduct of negotiations looking towards peace.Disinterestedness could hardly go further. Or, if welook to the Far East, we observe that the American government has been maneuvering with great caution. Although the United States has, in numerous notes, protested against various actions of Japan and formally reserved all the rights of the United States, it has given no intimation that it would take action to enforce itsposition and, so far as is known, has not made the slightest move toward possible action. Although we have renounced nothing, we have not succeeded, by diplomaticprotests, in protecting our interests against injury. Finally, the attention of American diplomacy has for several months been focused on the Pan-American Conference now meeting in Lima, and the State Departmenthas been exerting itself as never before to insure anoutcome of the conference favorable to the United Stateswhich will emphasize the contrast with our inactivity inEurope and the Far East.Those who regard this three-faced attitude of theUnited States — non-cooperation in Europe, extreme caution in Asia, intense activity in Latin America — as logical and desirable will undoubtedly be encouraged by recent trends in international politics. The most immediate effect of Munich seems to be the destruction ofEuropean solidarity in spite of what was said last September about the coming of peace guaranteed by a Four-Power Pact. Germany is to dominate Eastern andSoutheastern Europe politically and economically; Italyhopes to do the same thing in the Mediterranean. Britain and France will be thrown back more and more ontheir respective colonial empires, and the Soviet Unioncontinues to be a world by itself. Not only that, but thedeliberate policy of the dictator states is to obtain ascomplete economic self-sufficiency as science and invention will permit ; while in both Britain and France similarpolicies are by no means unknown (witness the Ottawaagreements of 1932!). And of course the primary aimof Japan in her war on China is to bring East Asia underher exclusive control and to render herself increasinglyindependent of other states. In such circumstances couldanything seem more logical or more inevitable than adrawing together of the nations of the New World topromote closer economic relations with each other andto defend themselves against European or Asiatic aggression? On the assumption that we can, because ofour vast resources, play the leading role in this development, such an orientation of policy would seem ideal forthe United States. We should have ample outlets forour trade and capital, escape the responsibilities involvedin any scheme of general international cooperation, andrun little risk of warlike complications.If, however, the international relations of the UnitedStates could be taken care of by so engagingly simple aformula as that just given, I should not be addressingyou about them this afternoon. Let us begin with Europe,that region of the world which Americans regard, notunnaturally in the light of recent events, with increasingdread and distrust. Few of you who are graduating today are old enough to have any recollection of August,1914, when the first World War burst upon us. But Ican assure you that American opinion was strongly opposed to our intervention in the conflict and continued inthat mood until 1917. Yet in the end we did intervene.Why? Economic involvements? Submarine warfare?Propaganda ? Take your choice, or all three. Clearly allthese and perhaps other factors were involved. Butprobably the determining factor in the minds of President Wilson and the American people alike was that theTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 5United States, in its own interests — and I underline thisphrase — could not afford to let Britain and France bedefeated. For we felt certain that a victorious Germanywould make the world intolerable for democratic andpeace-loving peoples — and the Nazi Germany of today,even though it rose from a defeated rather than a victorious Reich, only proves how right our intuition wastwenty years ago. Suppose this new Germany — whichis after all only the old militaristic Germany made worse—attacks Britain and France, a contingency which noserious student of international politics will rule out, inspite of peace declarations recently signed and of whatlooks like a new German drive to the East. At presentthere is little love for either Britain or France in American minds, for we have not forgotten how they sabotaged President Wilson at the Paris Peace Conferenceand later defaulted on their war debts, and many do notlike their recent abandonment of Czechoslovakia. But inthe event of war between Britain and France on the oneside and Germany and Italy on the other, shall we bewilling to see the two democratic states defeated ?I cannot answer the question for sure ; but the fervidsupport given to President Roosevelt by all shades ofAmerican opinion in his denunciation of Nazi religiousand racial persecution shows that, in spite of all our protestations to the contrary, we are deeply concerned withwhat is happening in Europe. Our attitude of the moment may be largely emotional, but if the German government continues to keep our emotions aroused, and itseems likely to do so, we shall probably come to thesame conclusions as we did in April, 1917.And it may be remarked that there is material accumulating for a quarrel of our own with Germany. From1915 to 1917 we protested against the use of the submarine — but in the end to no avail. Nowadays we areprotesting against the discrimination practiced by theGerman government against American trade and American creditors. Such things are not worth war, assuredly not, but they effectively prevent cordiality between the two governments. There is no use blinkingthe fact that relations between Germany and the UnitedStates are not only bad, but give every prospect of getting worse. In this connection let me remind you thatthe bitter hostility of the Nazi press to the United Statesis nothing new. Long before the war many newspapersin Germany made a point of abusing and caricaturingour country, and the Prussian militarists of those daysdenounced our free institutions with the same gusto asthe Nazi puppets do today. And just as the former warlords discounted, to their ultimate undoing, both ourcapacity for resentment and our ability to fight, so theirNazi successors may delude themselves with erroneousnotions about our present reluctance to face unpleasantissues.In the Far East we face a double problem. First, untilJuly 4, 1946, the Philippines belong to the United Statesand we have the obligation to defend them. It mayseem most unlikely that we shall be called upon to dothis in fact, but no one will dare predict what may happen in the course of eight years. If Japan is able toconquer China, the Philippines may be the next morsel to be digested in the swallowing-up of East Asia. Inthe second place, our position in China is becoming increasingly insecure. Our actual material interests inthat country are relatively small — a few hundred millionsof dollars, infinitely less than the cost of defending themagainst Japanese aggression. But our moral and spiritual involvements in China are very great, for we havecontributed more to the creation of a new life in Chinathan any other foreign nation. Do we wish to abandonall that has been built up by devoted Americans duringa century? I shall not answer the question, but merelyhoping for the best and refusing to believe the worstdoes not help answer it. The irony is that it has beenthe unrestricted sale of American commodities of allkinds to Japan — notably gasoline, airplanes and automobiles — which has made possible the Japanese advanceinto the interior of China. Does not our attitude towardsthis problem require some rather hard thinking through ?Even in this New World, now assembled in conference at Lima, the role of the United States is not sosimple as might be imagined. Immediately to the southlies that uneasy land Mexico, a land which for a quarterof a century has been going through a revolution. Thisrevolutionary movement has seized American propertyin various forms and paid little or no compensation. Nowthe United States could put the screws on Mexico andno doubt obtain considerable satisfaction for the lossesof American citizens; but the echoes of this would beheard as far as Cape Horn and undo the patient workof years trying to convince the South Americans thatwe are good neighbors. Yet if we tolerate the Mexicanseizures, we encourage others to imitate them. Oncemore the question is merely stated, not answered.In South America we are already experiencing theopen hostility of Germany, Italy and Japan, who are losing no opportunity to insinuate that the United States,for all its professions of being a good neighbor, remainsat heart an imperialist power bent on reducing SouthAmerica to economic vassalage. Even if we emergefrom the Lima conference with as much credit as wedid from Montevideo five years ago, we shall have tocount on the continuing propaganda of the fascist statesagainst us. In other words, to find satisfaction in LatinAmerica for the losses in Europe and East Asia is going to be difficult and to require unremitting attentionand skill. Perhaps American opinion will finally comprehend that isolation, which served us so well for morethan .a century and of which we have continued to dreamfor the last twenty years, does not exist in fact.In any case, whatever remnants of isolation still remain will probably not survive the development of theairplane. I have absolutely no technical knowledge ofaviation, but in view of the ease and frequency withwhich planes now fly thousands of miles even over broadoceans, it seems only reasonable to suppose that beforemany years New York and San Francisco and Chicagowill be bombable by planes coming from Europe andAsia — or at least from aircraft carriers stationed somewhere off our coasts.This is not a cheerful picture which I have drawn ofthe position of the United States in the world of todayand tomorrow. A diagnostician, however, has the duty6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEto prescribe a cure — if he can. Well, the first thing thepeople of the United States have to decide is what theywant. Of course, we want peace, above everything else,peace with honor. But so did the Czechs last September! To be a little more concrete) how much, for example, do we wish to see religious and racial persecution stopped in Germany, how much do we desire themaintenance of the open door in China? The American people applaud the strong words of its Presidentcondemning the persecution and the stiff protests againstthe closing of the open door. But, if this speech produces no results, as it has not to date, what then? Ifwe are not prepared to do more than talk, perhaps weshould not talk so much and even do, for example, whatthe Japanese urge us to do, namely, recognize the newsituation created in the Far East and make the best of it.In other words, do we merely wish for peace, peace atany price, or does the peace we have in mind mean notmerely the absence of fighting but also respect for theinterests of the United States, both material and spiritual, in all parts of the world?If we are to content ourselves with peace at any price,we can probably obtain it by disinteresting ourselves inEurope, withdrawing from the Philippines and abandoning our position in China, accepting whatever Mexico may decide to do to our nationals in her territory,leaving South America to resist German, Italian, andJapanese pressure as best it can.If, on the other hand, such a policy of "scuttle" is notacceptable, then we need to consider carefully what ourobjectives are, remembering at all times that objectivesare not abstractions, but definite and concrete aimswhich, like everything else in life worth having, are notto be had for the asking, but must be paid for. This isobviously not the place to discuss what should be theobjectives of American policy in Europe, Asia, and LatinAmerica. I am merely stating that before embarkingon any particular policy we need to be very certain inour minds that we are willing to pay the price it mayentail.For the pursuit of a dignified and firm policy in keeping with our traditions, two courses are open, at leasitheoretically. One is to attempt some measure of international cooperation in the interest of peace, as President Wilson proposed twrenty years ago. The most enthusiastic "internationalist" — to employ a much-abusedand much-misunderstood term — must, however, recognize that it is easier to talk about cooperation than toachieve it. President Hoover and Mr. Stimson, in 1931-1932, tried their hands at cooperating with Geneva about.Manchuria, and since then President Roosevelt and Mr.Hull tried it about Ethiopia— and with no great successin either case. I do not mean to suggest that the faultlay entirely with the European powers, for our attitudewas not always precise and clear-cut, but that fact onlybrings the difficulties into sharper relief. Since then,Britain and France have submitted so constantly to theaggressions of Germany and Italy that we have to askourselves whether it is worthwhile to attempt cooperation with Britain and France. On the other hand, some*daring spirits think that we might find it possible towork with the Soviet Union, for the two countries have a common interest in opposing the pretentions of Japan.The Russians, for their part, might not be averse, sincethey have been much disgusted by what they considerthe pusillanimous surrender of Britain and France toMussolini and Hitler. But, so far as I can estimate,American opinion is not prepared to abandon the fetishof isolation, however much isolation has ceased to existin fact, and therefore our policy has to be based for thepresent on the other alternative, that is to say, we mustpossess enough military and naval power to depend onourselves alone.From that point of view, a considerable increase inour fighting forces seems imperative. In the autumn of1914, when the World War was only a few months old,Colonel House, the most intimate adviser of WoodrowWilson, urged the President to recommend a large increase of the army and navy; he argued that since wewere likely to have serious disputes with both groups ofbelligerents we would be roughly treated if we werenot strong enough to insure respect. Events proved thecolonel only too right. Both Great Britain and Germany paid scant heed to our repeated protests becausethey were confident that we would not or could not fight.It is my belief that if in 1914 the United States had begun to strengthen its armed forces immediately and substantially, the controversies which ultimately led us intothe World War would not have reached such dangerousproportions. In this world of 1938, where force andonly force seems to matter, elementary wisdom requiresthe United States to gird its loins and give the worldto understand in unmistakable fashion that there arelimits to our patience, that there are things for whichwe are willing to fight, and that we are able to fight.In my opinion, the principal reason why Britain andFrance yielded to Germany on the Czechoslovak question was their military unpreparedness. Let us take carenot to be caught in a similar predicament, for, the ambitions and methods of the three fascist powers — who areceasing to be "have-not powers" — being what they are,we cannot sit back comfortably in confidence that theywill not strike at us or that, if they do, we can prepareat. leisure to meet them. If there is any one lesson ofthe last seven years, it is that aggressive nations are notdeterred by words and threats, and that if we wish orintend to "stop Hitler" or stop anybody else, we cando it only by fighting him or by overawing him withsuperior force.It is a sad business, twenty years after the war to endwar, to have to argue for more armaments which maylead to another war; it is to confess that statesmanshiphas gone bankrupt. Just how many ships, planes andcannon we need depends partly on technical experts, andfortunately our experts are not militarists and jingoesclamoring for the moon, but hard-headed practical menwho do not want ships and planes built faster than personnel can be trained to man them or so fast that theyrapidly become out of date. The building program mustdepend also on the general world situation. Thus thequestion recently raised whether we need two fleets, onefor the Atlantic, the other for the Pacific, is relative,not absolute. If Germany becomes absorbed in Eastern(Continued on Page 21)SYMPOSIUM IN A SALOON{A group of barroom quarterbacks give their opinions,pro, amateur and con, on President Hutchins' SaturdayEvening Post Article on football.)MR. 1 (A.B. and LL.D., Indiana, circa '25; practicing) : Aw, Hutchins is crazy. He and Roosevelt are two of a kind, they're both crazy.MRS. 1 (Two years at Indiana, about the same time) :I don't know, I didn't read it. But say, I'vebeen wanting to ask you something. I wantto get a dog for my little girl for Christmas.She's three and a half. I like these little cockerspaniels all right, but they get so dirty. Nowwhat would you say is a good dog for a child?MR. 2 (Susquehanna, circa '07; western manager,major oil company) : I'm inclined to think he'sabout 97% right. There's nothing I like better than a good football game between two well-matched teams before a big crowd. I'm a football fan, but not a fanatic. I think footballneeds rationalizing; it's too big for its owngood.MR. 3 (St. Olaf's, circa '15, but ardent Minnesotafollower): Hutchins is nuts like they all areat Chicago University. Why hell, if the president of Minnesota would come out with sucha statement do you know what Bernie Biermanwould do? Why Bernie would go right intothe president's office and smack his puss forhim.MISS 4 (Some four years out of Starrett School forGirls) : Oh, he's just like all Democrats, he'sa radical. They're all a bunch of radicals atChicago anyway.MR. 5 (Retired business man) : Well, seeing my twoboys went to the University I always lean overbackward in favor of anything Hutchins saysor the University does. I think he's right allthe way through and I read the whole article,all the way through. Except the 10c admission. I think Chicago and the other institutions he names, Harvard, Yale and so on, oughtto follow the Johns Hopkins scheme. Football ought to be an invitation affair, open onlyto students, faculty, alumni and friends of theUniversity. Sell the end seats and the southstands at 10c or two-bits or 50c, somethingnominal, and give the whole take to the visiting team. Say it's Illinois. Then let themtake all and the next year when Chicago playsdown there let Illinois take the whole gate tobalance it up. Chicago and those other easternschools can afford it, or if they can't let themget endowments for the athletic department.No, he's got the right idea, I think.MR. 6 (Bartender, former prize fighter, but self-edu- • By DONALD C. PLANT, Circa '25cated to a point) : I don't know. I only readwhat they said in the papers. But I think it'sokay for a kid to get paid to play football ifit's the only way he can get a college education. I think the more people with a collegeeducation the better off the country will be andif that is his only chance to go through collegeby playing football and getting paid for it, thenI think it's okay. Or the same if it's basketball or baseball or any sport if it's the onlymeans to the end, because I think that end isimportant.MR. 7 (Bartender and former prize fighter) : I dunno,I dint read it only in the papers. As far asI'm concern they can all quit football. Hell, Iloss about thirty bucks bettin' this season. Withall them upsets you can't figure it no more.MR. 8 (Northwestern, '29 three-letterman ; formerminor league shortstop) : Aw, what's the difference. Northwestern starting billing me formy last two years' tuition I signed notes for,as if they are ever going to get paid. As ifthey ever expect to get paid. But why do theysend me bills for it? They know I'm not going to pay them. Now they got a good teamin my home town out in Iowa. The athleticdepartment wants me to bring in some of thoseboys to look over the campus, seniors. I'llbring the whole team if they quit sending mebills, but not unless.MR. 3 (An after-thought) : He's right about onething, this doping maybe. Now when DocSpears was at Minnesota I know for a fact heused to give the players shots of booze whenthey go into a game, so if a coach does thatwhy not maybe dope and stuff? But that isgoing too far, even so. Bierman wouldn'tstand for nothing like that.MR. 9 (Holy Cross, Chicago law, '33) : Well, I cameout here to take my law instead of going toHarvard, because I thought and still think Chicago has the better law school. And my wholefamily moved out here after I'd been here ayear, because I talked up the town. But now-I wish I'd spent my undergraduate days atChicago, too. I hope Hutchins goes aheadwith his plans, or rather makes plans along thelines of his article and follows them. Some in-institution has to be the leader in any campaign, and Chicago leads in about everything,so why not in this? And as far as his talkingout of turn, who has a better right to talk, including Conant of Harvard who is also a prettyshrewd guy, than Hutchins?MR. 10 (Book-maker, Canadian citizen) : Well, my(Continued on Page 22)A DEBATE UNIONThat Doesn t DebateLAST year — almost defunct. This year — possiblythe outstanding university student speaking groupin the United States. That is the achievement ofthe University of Chicago Debate Union, which, fromthe standpoint of membership, activity, originality, pro-gressiveness, and effectiveness, is probably unequaledanywhere. Community appearances and radio work havecreated a speaking activity whose audience is the community. And the Debate Union has discovered that aspeaking activity made up of community appearancesand radio programs provides the proper adjustment tothe conditions of the University of Chicago and of thecity of Chicago.There has been an amazing growth in the numberof Debate Union members — an expansion from thirtymembers last year to over one hundred and twenty members this year. And in two years the nature of the DebateUnion's work has so changed that the name is now"A hapless symbol of a sorry creed,Inapropos, extrinsic, maladapt,At odds with all that's native to the place."Less than ten per cent of the speaking activity thisyear has been debating. Members have gradually realized the sterility of haggling — time after time over thesame subject in the same empty room with traveling debaters. This feeling of futility has been accentuated byour general inability to reason with the "syruped-voiced,profile with full gesture" products of Schools of Speechthat pause on our campus. They seem only to wish toengage the Union in contests to see who can read themost off the neatest set of debate case cards.One evening last spring the Cabinet of the Unionmet to consider debating activity. There was a verycritical discussion of the history and speech activity ofthe Debate Union. A program of over a hundred debatesand three debate tournaments every year was a lot ofspeaking, but for what? The general reaction shapedinto the feeling that"Thus custom does make stooges ofus all,And on we go our lackadaisic way,Content with what's established,good or bad;Reluctant to rebel : averse to change."The Cabinet broke with traditionaldebating by deciding not to participate in any debate tournaments except to hold the Big Ten tournament*The authors : Jack Conway, '39, cabinet member of the Union; Paul Goodman, '39, assistant debate coach, andGeorge Probst, '40, president of the Union. here this year, and to drop from all Big Ten competition as soon as it is possible. Complete emphasis was tobe placed on the round-table and informal styles ofspeaking. The large number of engagements that thegroup had been filling for the Community Forum Service and a series of radio round-tables over stationWBBM encouraged the hope that audiences could beobtained for this sort of thing. It was decided to increase the number of programs scheduled before highschool audiences. The Cabinet fervently hoped for anexpansion of radio work. An effort was to be made thefollowing year to relate the activity of the Union to theUniversity community and to the larger community ofChicago and the regions around.All last spring and summer interviews were made andcorrespondence begun so that the machinery would beall set up when the school year began. Radio work wasblocked out. The freshman round-table on the CollegePlan was staged before three hundred people. Everyeffort was made to explain the new plans of the Union,to show interesting people why they should be interested.The membership built up to over one hundred andtwenty, and the Debate Union became the second largestorganization on the campus. With the unexpected expansion in new types of radio work, it is anticipated thatthe present general campus interest will result in fiftynew members by the end of the winter quarter.Looming large in the Union's activities has been theround-table work in cooperation with the Chicago Community Forum Service. During the autumn quartersome sixty-odd Union members appeared on twenty-four round-tables on a wide variety of subjects beforevarious groups of all kinds and ages that are connectedwTith the Forum Service.Along with this, the Union has sent out letters to overa hundred clubs and civic organizations throughout thecity, to let them know what we have to offer. Responseshave come in from a number of these groups. Speakershave been provided for the meetings of Kiwanis, Lions,women's clubs, and other civic groups.It is, of course, the radio work ofthe Debate Union that attracts outsiders, and that allows the Union toreach its greatest audiences. And itis in this field that the Debate Unionhas made its greatest contribution,and probably its most spectacular effort. Not content with four conventional round-tables over WJJD, norwith the trans-continental debate withStanford on "Higher Education" tobe presented by the National Broadcasting Company network this month,members of the Union in cooperationwith the University : BroadcastingCouncil and station WBBM began toBull Session Goes Network!The Columbia BroadcastingSystem has just announced thatthe Bull Session program of iheUniversity of Chicago DebateUnion will be a weekly featurebeginning this month. It will bepresented over the entire network from coast to coast. Watchyour local newspapers for dayand time. Letters of reaction tothe program should be addressedto your local station.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 9experiment with an original creation, the Bull Sessiontechnique.Working on the assumption that there are two lines0,f criticism that can be leveled at radio education today,we have tried to develop a technique of Bull Sessioningthat can not be hit by either line of criticism. Presentradio education programs are open to attack on theircontent. The majority of them get nothing across because they have nothing in them to get across. To meetthis problem, the Debate Union exercises the greatestcare in selecting people for these programs. An attemptis made to select the students who have broad backgrounds, who know what they are talking about, whohave an approach that makes them realize how importantthe every-day art of talking is, and who are well informed on the affairs of the day.The second line of criticism has been one of the lackof appeal of most educational programs. There has notbeen discovered yet a way of presenting educational programs as effectively as the ways that seem to have beendeveloped to present "The Lone Ranger" or "DickTracy" ; ideas aren't given the proper kind of "hooks"to make them stick. If educational programs could putover to the radio audience some ideas of significancewith a force equal to that recent program in which OrsonWelles convinced the nation that New Jersey had goneto pot, radio education would be a reality.The Bull Session technique meets this challenge tosome extent. Just the idea that six or eight universitystudents are gathered together to talk has some appeal.But the idea that the listeners are being tuned in onsomething that is totally unplanned and unrehearsed hasmore appeal. People feel that they are listening to something natural, not polished and artificial. The speakerssay what they think, what they feel. Ideas come outundressed. The conflict that results from differences inopinion and background give the program pace, freshness, ideas, and spontaneity.From the results of the first two broadcasts, we havebeen able to analyze this method of broadcasting. It ischaracterized by flexibility, interplay, and the speed thatseems to go along with the times. The breaking downof fallacious thinking is a strong point. An experimental attitude must pervade all of the Union's efforts, fornothing is stable about this type of radio work. BullSession radio work will continue to be presented overstation WBBM through the next two quarters.Already there are twenty-eight engagements beforecivic groups scheduled for the winter quarter. A HighSchool Round-Table Tournament is planned for February for all the high schools in the Chicago area forthe purpose of introducing them to these newer types ofspeech work. For a similar reason, discussion trips byteams of students are to be made this quarter to Milwaukee, St. Louis, Des Moines, St. Paul, and intermediate points. All together there will be from fifteen totwenty appearances made at different colleges and universities. These representatives of the Debate Unionwill, in the main, discuss "Higher Education" before audiences, and with audiences that will vary in type frombusiness executives to fellow students. Many of thesediscussions will be of the experimental types that arebeing worked on constantly.In Chicago itself a new series of thirteen weekly radioprograms are being planned for one of the local stations.The Union is also making an attempt to carry throughplans for a trans- Atlantic discussion with representativesof an English university.As a result of all this speaking activity there has gradually crystallized out of our work an over-view, or philosophy, of. what we are trying to do. Reciprocal forceshave so operated that many things have been broughtto our realization at almost the same time. Now that wehave audiences on which to test ourselves and our methods, we see that talking has an effect on the people wholisten. Directed talking has an advantage over thelistener. Experience has shown that audiences that hearus, do listen, and do go away with some of the ideaspresented. We have begun to realize how essential itis to emphasize content over presentation. So we findourselves filling our engagements with students whoare specializing in the particular subjects under discussion. We are attempting to talk with the audiencesand not at them, and so we are using open forum, paneldiscussion, problem-solving discussion, and symposiummethods.Since almost all of the programs involve audience participation, the students are benefiting from developingthe ability to "think on their feet," to take in what isbeing said, to weigh it and make it work, and to "giveback" interestingly, accurately, and briefly. This is beinglearned in the actual situation. This is the kind of thingthat breaks down the compartmentalized mind that socharacterizes the average college and university student.Undoubtedly the Debate Union is an Adult Educationproject as well as one that takes the form of a communityapprenticeship for the student. The audiences are afterinformation. The speakers have information. And bytalking with their audiences the speakers get the viewpoint of the people who are actually concerned with socialproblems ; they get the practical human side which it issometimes so easy to overlook but which must be considered.We make some basic assumptions. We feel that college students have a social responsibility. Their educations should be effective for the individual and affectivefor the community. We feel that social problems are notsolved unless the people who are concerned with themactually work through them and understand them. Thisis done through discussion which lays the groundworkfor intelligent participation in public affairs. Discussion,education and public participation are the basis for democracy. Democracy is desirable. We have to work for it.The stimulation of discussion which has so prominent aplace in the objectives of the Debate Union plays anactive part in the strengthening of democracy and thesolution of social problems.BALLOT-BOX BLUENOSES• By MAX E. SONDERBY, '30UNIVERSITY of Chicago students have recently acquireda new and little-recognizedcivic status in Chicago: that of chiefwitnesses for the state in the prosecution of election frauds. And in theprocess, many of them have acquireda liberal education in politics, law enforcement, and the democratic process.Incidentally, they have created asense of wonderment in certain quarters concerning the strange mentalquirk that makes college students regard election laws as something tobe strictly observed.Despite occasional items in thenewspapers mentioning the name ofa student as a witness in one of thesetrials, most alumni do not know thatin three-fourths of the twenty-somecases where precinct election boardshave been successfully prosecuted forfraud in Cook county during the pastthree years, resulting in about fiftyjail sentences, University of Chicagostudents have been practically the soleeye-witnesses who testified for theprosecution.Watching at elections has longbeen one of the chores of politicalscience students at the University, reports being turnedin as papers to the instructor. But in recent years civicorganizations, including the Chicago Association of Commerce, the Citizen's Association, and the Union LeagueClub, have taken turns employing from 200 to 500 students each election as non-partisan watchers, at a payof $10 a watcher, and have turned over some of theirreports to the Board of Election Commissioners for usein prosecuting election fraud.Prosecution was in the first instance always begunfor "contempt" in the County court. Election judgesand clerks are legally officers of that court, and any dereliction in doing their duties has been construed as making them liable for summary punishment there.Since contempt jurisdiction extends only to judgesand clerks, however, fraud cases involving also precinctcaptains and other "higher-ups" had to be brought alsobefore the grand jury for indictment and trial in theCriminal court, if the higher-ups were to be punished.(Note: No one higher than a precinct captain was everprosecuted for election fraud in Chicago, as far as is remembered, and higher-ups of any degree, only very, veryseldom. Nearly all the cases were confined to the County"Honorable Mention in Manuscript Contest. MAX E. SONDERBY, "30A student of political science, history andEnglish at the University, and a member ofthe football and wrestling teams, Max Son-derby has been a reporter for the City NewsBureau of Chicago since graduation. Thematerial for this article he gathered whilecovering the County Court and Board ofElection Commissioners for three years. court.)The watchers were chosen on thecampus by a private detective agency,acting through the Bureau of Vocational Guidance and Placement.After a short afternoon pep session,where common vote fraud tricks wereshown, the watcher left before dawnon election day for his assigned placein one of the "river" wards, where afloating population makes electionreturns a matter of money, moonshine, and mixed mathematics.Usually two student watcherswere assigned to each known badprecinct. Evidence in the cases recently tried has shown both werenecessary, for small lee-way was required by the crooks. Watchers werebeguiled with offers of liquor, lunch,and money to relax their vigilance,and one watcher was warned hewould "get in trouble" if he continued standing outside the pollingplace, watching money change hands.Payment of flophouse voters inWest Madison street precincts differed only in technique, according totestimony. In one precinct, the purchased voter was given a card by theprecinct captain which an electionjudge brazenly initialed to enable the bearer to collecthis half-dollar; in another, a nod of the head from a"hard-looking" individual, standing behind the judges,to the pay-off man, was sufficient.Apparently without sense of humor was the precinctcaptain, a former assistant state's attorney, whose workers brought to the polling place several automobile loadsof men, who were given help to vote as "illiterate" uponpresenting a card reading: "I am unable to mark myballot and in accordance with Section 25 of the ballotlaw approved June 22, 1891, in force July 1, 1891, andamended, I desire assistance to vote as follows : StraightDemocratic."As many as one-fourth the voters in a precinct weregiven help in marking their ballots without the formalityof filling out an affidavit, as required by law. This oversight proved a stumbling block for many judges in thecontempt trials.Around closing time, the work of the watchers increased. Some kept ahead of the crooks by noting adiscrepancy between the number of names written in thepoll-books during the last hour or so, and the numberof visible voters who appeared. In on§ precinct, thelights all went out for five minutes just after the alder-iaTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 11man arrived with several ' 'hoodlum-looking" henchmenand passed out cigars. In another, all but four hand-picked "watchers" were put out in the cold for two hourswhile the ballots were "sorted.''During the long, weary hours of counting the ballots,lasting always far into the night and sometimes untilnoon the next day, most of the slips that resulted in jailsentences occurred. Alert watchers noted for their reports what outsiders handled ballots, although they couldnot always catch "short-penciling" (a technique employing a stub of a pencil under the palm or a piece of leadunder the finger-nail). This was later revealed bycrosses of tell-tale similarity discovered by handwritingexperts on the ballots.When the written reports turned in by watchers tothe detective agency showed sufficient fraud to bringabout prosecution by the board of election commissioners, from several months to two years elapsed before thecase was reached for trial. In the interim, many of theguilty officials disappeared and some died. Some watchers had graduated and left the campus ; all of them haddimmed memories of the day's occurrences.Illustrating the many hazards between the offense andthe punishment, trial was about to begin in one casewhen prosecutors found that the ballots had been destroyed, by mistake, in the election board's regular cleanup of its warehouse, six months after each election, andthe case had to be dismissed.During the trials, the watchers faced cross-examination by batteries of the highest-priced criminal lawyersin the county, employed to defend the cases, no matterhow humble the defendants. Most of the watchers camethrough with flying colors.The procedure was usually for the special prosecutor,selected by the board of election commissioners with theconcurrence of civic organizations, to call the two University of Chicago watchers as the first witnesses. Theirtestimony was used to establish "probable cause" foropening the ballot boxes for a recount and examinationof the ballots by handwriting experts.Each watcher was first asked to exhaust his memoryconcerning events of election day before being allowedto consult his own written report. In very few caseswere both watchers in court the same day, so that defense attorneys had opportunity to develop to the fullestdiscrepancies in their testimony.On cross-examination, each watcher was asked to tellwhen he had previously discussed the case in any way.Inquiries were made concerning what happened to theoriginal notes and how the report was written and delivered. Considerable effort was devoted to ascertainingif the watcher's impressionable mind had not been unduly influenced by a too-sordid picture of elections conveyed at the campus demonstration the day before theelection.In attempting to discredit the witnesses, defense lawyers even brought out that some of them had nevervoted (being either too young or not residents of Illinois). One attorney, an alumnus of the University, isreported to have gone to University authorities in desperation to try to halt the use of students in the future,with scant success. The defense trump, however, was to call a flood ofother watchers as witnesses to deny that anything untoward had occurred in the polling place. One footballplayer who watched in a West Madison street precinctwas contradicted by two policemen, a half dozen otherwatchers, including one from the board of election commissioners, and four members of the election board, andyet sizable fines were assessed against all four defendants. No one else present in the polling places eversupported the students' testimony concerning fraud inthese cases, although twenty watchers were often accredited at one precinct.The sole supporting evidence, which, however, wasof a nature to convince the judge beyond any doubt inmost cases, was obtained by the recount and by handwriting experts. In addition to miscounts, which uniformly favored certain machine organizations in anyseries of adjoining precincts, as high a proportion as one-third of the ballots cast in a precinct were found to bearmarkings fraudulently made by someone else than thevoter.These markings were sometimes identical crosses oncertain spaces of a long series of ballots, differing frommarks made by the voters; sometimes they were marksin red pencil or other medium differing from that usedby the voter, sometimes erasures, and in one case evenholes in the corners of ballots where zealous partisanshad torn off crosses from before the names of oppositioncandidates. The haste of the ballot-butchers, under observation, made their work easy to detect.Defense attorneys were ever watchful to limit testimony concerning activities in the polling places of thepolitical jobholder precinct captains, including, in recentcases a prominent assistant city prosecutor and an assistant attorney for the park district. Their relative safetyin these prosecutions is indicated by the fact that amongthe sixty contempt cases tried since 1934, only threehave been followed by holdovers to the grand jury.In the first of these, cited by prosecutors as the bestexample of what one good witness can accomplish, fiveofficials were sentenced up to one year for contempt, andtwo of the same officials and a Republican precinct captain to another year each in the Criminal court. Thewitness, a former graduate student at the Midway nowteaching psychology at Purdue university, was corroborated only by documentary evidence, but the highercourts affirmed both convictions.The second case resulted in five women officials beingsentenced for contempt, and all five women and fivemen polling place hangers-on, including both precinctcaptains and husbands of two of the women officials,again for conspiracy. Illustrative of the contempt shownto watchers as well as court was the testimony in thiscase of a law student at the university that one of theconvicted men told him, when observed openly markingthe ballots : "I am just doing this for fun. You probably don't care anyway."The third such trial in Criminal court ended in acquittals for a Democratic precinct captain and his aide, afterthe five officials, this time men, had been sentenced toone year each for contempt. Some observers say thatfailure to indict the officials also, as in the earlier two12 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEcases, thus giving them full freedom to appear as defensewitnesses, and the coincidence that the case reached thehands of the jury the day before Christmas, when thespirit of forgiveness is strongest, perhaps influenced theresult.James H. McQueeny, head of a private detectiveagency, who employed the watchers in these cases andsecured their appearance at the trials for civic groups,said that in his 18 years' experience in collecting evidencein vote fraud cases, he has found University of Chicagostudents to be "the only satisfactory watchers."'They are intelligent and have moral character," hesaid. "They wouldn't take a bribe, whether $5 or $100.They disapprove of election fraud and because of a personal feeling against it are enthusiastic and willing tolend aid. As witnesses they are nearly perfect, havingnothing to hide and no ulterior motives except thosewhich should be shared by every citizen."In earlier years, Mr. McQueeny employed formerservice men and those recommended by political parties,such as are still used as watchers by the regular law-enforcing agencies, but found them too apathetic andinterested in collecting their day's pay mainly.In his experience with hundreds of Midway students,he has found only a few who disappointed him. One wasa youth, who, when brought back to Chicago for the trialafter some difficulty, forgot nearly all the incriminatingfacts in his written report, even when it was shown tohim. It developed that his relatives owned a clothing-store near the precinct involved, indicating the range ofwhat might have occurred before the trial to affect hismemory. The case was nolle-prossed.Civic organizations regulate their expenditures on thehypothesis that a wave of prosecutions has the effect ofchecking fraud for a year or two afterwards. Thus whileseveral hundred students were hired as watchers in theApril 14, 1936, primary, few if any were employed inthe November 3 presidential election. While 25 precinctboards were prosecuted for the primary, including 16precincts in the twentieth ward, no prosecutions have yetbeen filed for the election.Practically all of the defendants convicted obtain delays up to four years after the trial, and up to six yearsafter the election, in serving their sentences, through appeals to the higher courts, financed by the same interestswhich engage their attorneys below. Bonds were provided in several cases by a prominent gambler. A considerable proportion obtain eventually reversals, sometimes because the lower court freed members of theboard who were equally guilty, sometimes because thepunishment is too drastic for the proved offense.Any article on the Midway's contribution to electionfraud prosecution should mention the work of ProfessorPlarold F. Gosnell, author of several books on objectivepolitics, in securing the conviction for contempt of threejudges of the 48th precinct of the 5th ward, which adjoins the campus, with polling place at 6010 Dorchesteravenue.In this precinct, Joseph M. Artman, friend of Prof.Gosnell who ran for alderman in the Feb. 26, 1935, election, was credited with receiving only six votes. A canvass by Prof. Gosnell's students uncovered 32 voters who had cast ballots for Artman in the precinct. Testimony by these voters, supported by that of a handwriting expert that 37 ballots bore fraudulent erasures andcrosses, resulted in jail sentences, after Prof. Gosnellhad personally attended a dozen afternoon court sessions.Following are some of the cases in which testimony ofUniversity of Chicago students helped obtain convictions :PRIMARY OF APRIL 10, 1934:Twenty-sixth ward, 18th precinct : Watcher TheodoreK. Noss testified precinct captain short-penciled ballotsand that a man came into the polling place at 10 P. M.and announced what the returns should be. Recountresulted in a loss of 50 votes each to organization candidates. Double jail sentences for three officials, singlesentences to the precinct captain and two officials.Twenty-seventh ward, 44th precinct: Watchers Roland Aim and Ewald Rodeck testified 75 voters broughtin by "walkers." Handwriting expert found 31 ballotsshort-penciled. Recount resulted in loss up to 53 votesfor organization candidates. Three judges, sentencedto three months in jail, clerks, discharged.Twenty-seventh ward, 53rd precinct: Watchers Robert Leach and Barney Johnson testified 40 voters withyellow cards given help, without affidavits, and somepaid 50 cents each by a precinct captain. Three judges,six months, clerks, discharged.ELECTION OF NOV. 6, 1934:Twenty-seventh ward, 49 precinct: Watcher RobertDeem testified 75 voters were helped. One clerk fined$100, three judges, $50 each, other clerk, dead.Twenty-seventh ward, 52nd precinct: Watchers Maurice Weigle and Robert Shute testified over 100 votershelped. Handwriting expert found fraud on 73 ballots.Three judges, six months, one clerk, dismissed, theother, never arrested.Twenty-seventh ward, 55th precinct: Watcher EarlLeeds testified one-fourth of the voters were drunk, somecarrying a "Madison Street Bible," described as a pieceof cardboard with the name they were to vote. Handwriting expert found 38 ballots short-penciled. Onejudge, three months, one clerk, discharged, two judgesand a clerk never apprehended.Forty-second ward, 15th precinct: Watcher EdwardBoehm testified precinct captain gave coins to his workers to distribute outside, liquor served in an ante-room.Expert found 138 out of 348 ballots showed evidence offraud. Two judges, three months, one clerk, discharged,other not arrested.Forty-second ward, 34th precinct: Watchers PaulGustafson and David Eskind testified a man announcedthe names of many voters, the ballot for such voters being given to those behind the man in line. Recountshowed losses up to 126 votes in winning margins. After27 continuances, four officials sentenced to one year,fifth never found.Forty-second ward, 40th precinct : Watcher Dick Anderson testified precinct captain passed out silver withinten feet of the judges. Expert found 35 ballots withfraud. Three judges, one year each, clerks dismissed.(Continued on Page 22)REUNION REVERIE'WHAT a crowd, fair, fat, andforty ! I haven't attendedone of these Alumni Dayluncheons in years. A glance aroundconvinces me that I am the oldestalumna present. No — not quite —there is Mrs. Henry Gordon Gale, unchanged by the years. What a lot ofPhi Beta Kappas extant! They doseem to get on even, if they can't weara cum laude or eat a gold key. Justbeing one isn't the crime, but the waythey flaunt that badge!What was it that the "Late GeorgeApley" said? Something about certainpersons for whom the clock strucktwelve while they were undergraduates and that "In the interval remaining to them between youth and thegrave their personalities underwent nofurther change." Some of the youngthings sitting near me are as unmarkedby time as faces painted on Eastereggs. This gushing infant at my elbow recalls her prototype who handedme a card to fill out when I was registering one summer for post-graduatework. After I had written my name, address and degree, the little rouged lipped flapper glanced at the dateof my graduation, giggled and said, "Why, that was theyear before I was born." I almost turned and fled butdid manage to write down the courses I wanted, "AdultEducation" with Soares, and "Play Writing and Pageantry." She probably thought I was about to dramatize my grandchildren.This particular enfante terrible is bragging about present campus facilities. The old open spaces are certainlycluttered up with buildings. That architect's dream hascome to life (that colored sketch we used to examine onthe walls of the President's office, in a corridor of oldHaskell, beyond Dr. Breasted's mummies). There wouldbe no room now for a gorgeous out-of-door pageant suchas we ancients knew, with benign William Gardner Hale,Elizabeth Wallace, and Edith Foster Flint in statelyprocession among flowing draperies of shivering "winds"and "waves." The mural of that fete lures me to thetop floor each time I come to Ida Noyes Hall — thisbuilding which is so largely due to the friendship of theone whose name it bears, and tliat gracious, hospitablepresident's wife, Mrs. Judson.This neighbor of mine treats me so cavalierly. If mydignity, my amour propre permitted, I should like tosay, "Yes, my dear child, you have the buildings butwe had something better." True, John Dewey's long,'Honorable Mention in Manuscript Contest. LEONA CANTERBURYMANDEVILLE, '02The author of "Reunion Reverie" wasa BWOC in the current vernacular(Quadrangler, Nu Pi Sigma and Dramatic Club) married an alumnus, Maurice Mandeville, '01, and has maintaineda close interest in the University. Active in community projects in Lake Bluffshe writes a column for "GardenGlories," the publication of the GardenClub of Illinois. By LEONA CANTERBURY MANDEVILLE, '02low coop for his experiment in education would look dwarfed by thesegreat structures. But, in my dayLaing, Linn and Michelson wereyoung enough to beau my best friendsabout; Sammy Harper was only Da-vida's kid brother; Harold Swift amere sub-freshman and WilloughbyWalling that condescending seniorwho asked to carry your books fromthe Cottage Grove cable car to CobbHall. An old dance program readslike an exerpt from "Who's Who" ;Dan Trude, Kellogg Speed, HerbieZimmermann, Gilbert Bliss, Roy Vernon; Arthur Sears Henning, PercyEckhart, Harry Gottlieb, Donald Richberg, Carl VanVechten and thoseMacs — McCarthy, McLaury, McNair.Could this modern alumna read mythoughts she would probably say"Poor old thing — a case of fixation —such nostalgic ardor" ! And I couldretort, "Beware, for you are tomorrow's past. 'The past is only the present become invisible and mute.' " Theyears do seem to fade club and fra-our pre and post contemporaries fuseinto a general group with some names almost mythical.One Herschberger made football history as darkness fellover a stadium crowd lighting itself with matches, (wasI really present, on that occasion or is this merely a talemade real by the telling?) and those Jimmies, Henryand Sheldon, heroes of Thanksgiving Day games whichwere the delight of the maroon pom-pom-ed girls andthe despair of their families who were forced to changethe traditional dinner hour.Poor dears! Parent problems were quite somethingeven then. A daughter who smoked was just doomed,damned, lost. An awkward son might be cured by somefraternity or perhaps glorified at Stagg's Training Table.The charm school of that era for off-the-campus girlswas a course with Mrs. Milward Adams, guaranteed toiron out timidity wrinkles. (Inferiority complex wasunknown. We were not labeled boy conscious or careerconscious; we came before that dawn of consciousness.)Violet Sackville-West had the right idea. "It is terribleto be twenty, as bad as being faced with riding over theGrand National course. One will almost certainly fallinto the Brook of Competition and break one's leg overthe Hedge of Disappointment and stumble over the Wireof Intrigue and quite certainly come to grief over theObstacle of Love."These "new plan women" certainly have a lot of leeway. In our day, Miss Talbot's ideal co-ed was one(Continued on Page 22)ternity barriers,13THE CAMPUS BYSTANDER• By EMMETT DEADMAN, '39DECEMBER is the month when undergraduatesrealize for the first time that they have beentaking too much advantage of their ChicagoPlan freedom. The result is a profusion of conscientious cramming and a general lull in activities.As a result, the most important event of the monthwas an alumni-sponsored affair — the annual footballbanquet of the Chicago Alumni Club. Not a discordantnote was sounded as several hundred alumni and undergraduates under the direction of Club President JohnWilliam Chapman spent the evening selling the University to their high school guests. Noticeable improvements over last year's program were the selection ofspeakers and topics, and the selection of the high schoolseniors who were invited. Attendants at last year's banquet had found the guests great athletes, but not exactly the type who could survive a comprehensive.Also news at the football banquet was the election ofnext year's co-captains. The lettermen chose BobWasem, star end, and John Davenport, fleet halfback,to lead them in the 1939 campaign.Mention of the football banquet, of course, brings upthe entire question of the future of football at the University. It is a question about which everyone thinksmuch but knows little. There is but one thing that isfairly certain. In spite of President Hutchins' well publicized suggestions for changes, the status quo will apparently be retained at the University. No amount ofcampaigning for either abolition or subsidization evokedmuch response from University authorities and withschedules complete until 1942, they are apparently notcontemplating any change.Meanwhile students have decided the Universitywould benefit most in their campaign for students byseeking those who are athletes as well as scholars. Thishas been manifested in increased activity of the StudentPublicity Board which is attempting to do a biggerjob than ever on a modified budget.The Student Publicity Board, incidentally, is one student activity which is devoted entirely to promoting thewelfare of the University. It solicits the names of goodhigh school seniors and entertains these seniors at all-University rushing functions after basketball games andother campus events. They work hand in hand withthe alumni regional advisers.The Interfraternity Ball held the social spotlight ofthe past month. The Interfraternity committee almostpostponed the ball until next quarter when they foundthey could not get the orchestra they wanted for Thanksgiving eve, but student protest against changing its traditional date was too much for the I-F moguls, whowent ahead and planned it for the day on which it hastraditionally been held.Meanwhile students continued to be actively interestedin the world around them. A Committee for Aid to Refugees composed of almost every variety of campu^organization set about a campaign to raise funds forthe alleviation of suffering among peoples who are thevictims of intolerance and war. The first step was ameeting in Mandel Hall at which individuals were askedto pledge their services. The actual drive for funds willnot come until next quarter.The University was also host to a Model World Peaceconference as delegates from eight middle-western universities and colleges gathered on the campus for a two-day discussion of world problems. Delegates came fromNorthwestern University, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Carleton College, and several Wisconsin state colleges to present the views of countries which they had been assignedto represent. The conference ran into the usual difficulties of such international gatherings and after the twodays had decided only that they should talk some more.After the last session, the delegates, their minds full ofthoughts on minorities, boundaries, raw materials, andarmaments, returned to their respective classrooms atleast more cognizant of why prime ministers and foreignsecretaries sometimes fail to be heroes.The only attempt at promotion this month was theDolphin Club's annual water carnival. Veering fromthe title of queen, the swimming fraternity elected beauteous Charlotte Rexstrew, who turned down a Hollywood contract recently, as Snow- White. They had promised to elect a Dopey but campus men were rather dubious about just what might be the honor of such a titleand the swimmers found no candidates. The DolphinClub, by the way, is a new but popular organization. Itis a swimming fraternity open to all those interested inthe sport whether on the varsity team or not. Thewater carnival is but one of many activities, all aimedat promoting interest in aquatic sports.And now, mixed in with the quarterly exams andNew Year's resolutions come rumblings of activities inthe winter quarter. The Social Committee, not to befound in the plight of the Interfraternity Committee andwithout an orchestra for their biggest event of the year,have announced the signing of Jimmie Lunceford, outstanding southern bandleader, for the Washington Prom.The Reynolds Club Council, newly organized, is planning a series of dances in the club lounges for afterbasketball games. The Debate Union has announcedanother series of trans-continental broadcasts. A groupof students has announced the opening next quarter ofa co-operative rooming house for men. And everybodyon campus is looking forward to winning some conference basketball games.At the beginning of the fall quarter it was said thatit looked like a revival of campus spirit was going totake place. It did take place and as students crowd intothe Coffee Shop every evening for a little social life*there is once more the feeling that the campus can be aplace to live as well as a place to study.14IN MY OPINION• By FRED B. MILLETT, PhD'31, Visiting Professor of English, Wesleyan UniversityIN the squirrel-cage of academic existence, I somehow manage to read a couple of hundred rare-bookcatalogues every year. For me, they are more enthralling reading than the most absorbing novels or themost poignant poems. The most obvious motive forsuch reading — a ransacking of the literary bargain-counter — is the least important. Fora rare-book catalogue is the most reliable mechanism of escape I have foundfrom physical weariness and the burden of professional duties into the romantic world where dwell the sellersand buyers, the amateurs and devotees of out-of-the-way books. It is,moreover, the cheapest means of access to the inexhaustible charm ofEnglish streets and towns. Since firstI saw the bookshops in Charing CrossRoad, I have never felt the same enthusiasm for Boston's Cornhill, whereI first experienced the delight of hunting for bargains in odd volumes. English towns and streets rival each other CD en Rin atmospheric charm — St. Leonard's- rKtU B.on-Sea, Tunbridge Wells, and Sevenoaks, with KingGeorge IV Bridge, Great Turnstile, and St. Martin'sLane. A catalogue from such an address evokes thevision of dusty and cavernous shops piled deep withold books and prints, cared for by underpaid but devoted and learned attendants who send forth across theseven seas their courteous invitations to book-lovers togather to the feast.Not the least allurement of the rare-book catalogue isits promise of some nugget of hitherto concealed literaryor bibliographical information. Thus, Bertram Rota'sfifty-ninth catalogue, English Novels of the TwentiethCentury (Bodley House, Vigo Street, London, W. 1),confirms my suspicion that the cute pseudonym, Nicholas Bevel, author of a novel, Mon Repos, conceals imperfectly that garden-loving, lion-hunting young fascist,Beverly Nichols. This catalogue with its grouping underevery year since 1900 of the dealer's offerings furnishesa nostalgic tour of one's novel reading over a periodof thirty-eight years. The appearance of Maurice Hewlett's The Life and Death of Richard Yea-and-Nay(1900) revives my adolescent enthusiasm for that sophisticated though sturdy romancer and my stalwartfaith that The Queen's Quair (unread for a quarter of acentury) is the best novel ever written about Mary,Queen of Scots. Wells's Kipps (1905) recalls the richDickensian humors of his early fiction and its lively contrast with his later interminable tracts thin-coated withfiction. 1908 brings "an exceptionally clean and brightcopy" of Bennett's The Old Wives Tale. If you arewilling to overlook the fact that the end-papers are MILLETTcracked at the joints, you can get a copy of "one of thehalf-dozen outstanding novels of the century" in cloth-folder and slip-case, for twenty-five pounds! If youhurry to place your order, fifteen shillings will bringyou "that classic of fantastic wit," Max Beerbohm's-Zuleika Dobson (1911), with a few spots on the coverbut "clean internally." D. H. Lawrence's Sons and Lovers (1913) summons up the memory of the tragicomedy of that genius's fate. It wouldbe tempting to go on, but one mustconclude with the most amusing anddemoralizing English novel of ourtime, Norman Douglas's South Wind(1917), offered at seven pounds tenshillings "with the first two lines onpage 355 ... in correct order."Sometimes, a book-seller's catalogue becomes upon publication not arare but a coveted collector's item.Thus, any one interested in ArnoldBennett would feel that he must possess a copy of C. A. Stonehill's Catalogue No. 143, Essays and Reviewsby Arnold Bennett, with a preface by Sir Hugh Walpole (135-137 New Bond Street, London, W. 1). Thiscatalogue offers at fairly reasonable prices the holographmanuscripts of two hundred critical articles written byBennett for the Evening Standard between 1926 and1930. Not the least interesting portion of this catalogueis Sir Hugh's petulent portrait of its subject. "Heprided himself on all the things in which there was notgreat reason for pride. He thought his clothes werebeautiful, his verses masterpieces, his English style superb.1 He was over-dressed, he never wrote a first-classplay and his prose was too often journalese. The thingson which he did not pride himself were — one of the mostgenerous and lovable natures in man ever possessed, thecreation of two immortal works — The Old Wives Taleand Clayhanger — and a capacity for being good company, unrivalled in his generation."Not the least of the values of this catalogue is the occasional glimpses it gives into Bennett's personal experiences. Thus we read of a casual feminine acquaintance who "said to him, 'Oh, Mr. Bennett, I do love yourOld Wives Tale,' and Bennett completely at a loss foronce said nothing, whereat she continued, 'But I loveyour serious books, too.' Bennett enquired, 'For instance ?' and she replied, 'Well, How to Live on Twenty-four Hours a Day.' " Thanks to Stonehill's generousquotations, the catalogue offers, in swift summary, Bennett's day-by-day judgment on his literary contempo-1. So far as I have been able to discover, Bennett wrote no verses.At least, he published no volume of collected verse. Perhaps, Walpole'sannoyance arose from Bennett's pointing out a misspelling in his AnthonyTrollope in a series which he himself misnames "The Englishman ofLetters."1516 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEraries, judgments which, though turned out almost automatically, still have their interest. Thus, one is glad tolearn what Bennett thought of Theodore Dreiser's AnAmerican Tragedy. "It is written abominably, by aman who evidently despises style, elegance, clarity, evengrammar ... to read Dreiser with profit you must takeoff your coat to it, you must go down on your kneesto it, you must up hands and say T surrender' . . . AnAmerican Tragedy is prodigious." Of South Wind hewrote, "I think that South Wind has the fault of monotony and that the second half is much inferior to thefirst." T. S. Eliot he regarded as "a fine poet sometimes, but not in that celebrated piece of verse TheWaste Land, at the mention of which the very youngbow in admiration." Though Bennett thought D. H.Lawrence wrote in a "repetitive, ungainly and wasteful"manner and with a nonchalance that was "defiant andassumed," he considered him "the strongest novelist" ofthe day, and suggested that "In the future no first-editions of present-day writers will be as passionately andexpensively sought for as Lawrence's except perhapsJoyce's."Himself a book-collector, Bennett held vigorousviews on the sect, and expressed them characteristically.Of the cult generally, he wrote, "Some of them arecriminals; too simple-minded, some others of them areswindled by criminals; but the vast and growing massof them appear to be honourable and intelligent citizens,wdio if they seldom read books (as indeed is usually thecase) do at any rate buy and cherish books. Which issomething in a material age." In a slightly less generous vein, he wrote a few months later, "A book-collector is one who buys rare books because they are rare, atprices which he deems to be lower than their worth. Heis a bargain hunter." Bennett was fully aware of thebasic illogicality of book-collecting. "A bad book by anauthor who has written absolutely first-rate books willalways have commercial value. For instance, the twovolumes of George Moore's verse Flowers of Passionand Pagan Poems, which are entirely without literaryvalue. Very many years ago, I procured these thinvolumes for a trifle, being then, as today, the most convinced fan of George Moore on this round earth. In aninsane fit of generosity I gave them away. The two ofthem are now worth £50."I do not know that anyone has ever made a completeanalysis of the psychology of book-collecting. I daresay the Freudians have their uncomplimentary explanation of this costly habit. Thorstein Veblen would certainly have seen in book-collecting by great capitalistsa telling illustration of the leisure class's delight in demonstrating its potency at , "conspicuous waste." Onemust admit that some of the motives behind it are relatively ignoble. The joy one feels in owning a uniqueitem is hardly pure. Such a possession makes one feel,not only superior in this respect to every other collector in the field, but also capable of arousing envy inmany an impassioned breast. One of my treasures of this sort is a broadside soliciting subscribers to GordonCraig's The Mask. Its uniqueness lies in the fact thatit bears manuscript annotations by Craig himself apprising some correspondent of the distinction of his contributors. Of the annotations, perhaps the most interesting are those on Hugo von Hofmannsthal and IsadoraDuncan. Of the former, he writes, "Dramatist ofVienna ... his plays are generally produced in Berlin,Munich etc & run for 300 nights, although well written& original." Isadora Duncan he eulogizes as "The onlybeing who today knows what dance means & is able toshow what dance is." I feel safe in saying that no othercopy of this broadside exists with exactly these personalannotations. I wish I knew to whom it was sent. Possibly to his mother, Ellen Terry? At any rate, to acorrespondent not too well informed of the personnelof the international Bohemia in which Craig was living,although in commenting on the Swedish feminist, EllenKey, he writes, "You know of her. most famous lady &most charming, great enthusiast for our movement."But not all the motives that underlie the collectinghabit are reprehensible or ignoble. Certainly, one ofthe major urges to collecting is the desire to carry aparticular project through to the greatest possible degree of completion and perfection. The collector feelsthat he is engaged in a constant struggle to save fromtime's ravages and man's carelessness the precious records some genius has set down in black and white of hishazardous transit through the world. Though the collector's books may rise in waves and tumble in cascadesabout him, he has a Platonic vision of all the writingsof his chosen author in perfect condition and in theirprimal state. He worships and serves perfection without expecting ever to achieve it. Thus he is erecting themost substantial of monuments to the gods of his idolatry. (There are surely more polytheists than tnono-theists among collectors.) That the monument iserected by his own means gives him, too, some of thecraftsman's satisfaction in a job well done.Finally, the book-collector is motivated, not merelyby the desire to own books, but by an abiding faith intheir importance. That he does not read them is unimportant, for by a process of intellectual osmosis hederives sustaining wisdom from his close contact withthem. At least, he shares the Miltonic view that "agood book is the precious life-blood of a master spirit,embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyondlife." And he feels that he is serving truth and beautyin preserving in their fairest forms abiding witnesses ofman's most penetrating intuitions into the significanceof his experience. Whatever one may think of an economic system that produces a Morgan, a Huntington,or a Folger, one cannot deny that the great collectionsthat bear their names are among the noblest monumentsmen have made. And these memorials are not of deadstone but of living words, the most potent of man'sweapons against the darkness of error and time's bending sickle.NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLESTHE Class of '18, that closely knit group whichhas kept its solidarity through twenty long years,can now point to the fact that it has supplied thenewest of the alumni on the Board of Trustees of theUniversity. John Nuveen, Jr., whose graduation wasdelayed a year because of his war time aviation service,was elected tothe Board lastm onth. Fourteen of the activemembership o fthirty-three trustees are alumni,a r e ma rkablyhigh percentagei n comparisonwith most universities of thecountry. Prominent as an undergraduate, amember of Alpha Delta Phifraternity, M r .Nuveen is now amember of theinvestment firmof John Nuveen& Co., whichwas founded byhis father. He ispresident of the College Alumni Association, chairmanof the Alumni Council, and member of the Alumni Committee on Information and Development. Among othercivic activities, he is chairman of the board of managersof the Y. M. C. A. hotel, Chicago ; member of the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A. ; president ofthe Board of Education of Kenilworth; trustee of theChicago Sunday Evening Club ; trustee of the BaptistTheological Union, and treasurer of the Chicago Manager Committee. Married in 1927 to Grace Bennett ofEvanston, he has four children.NEW MID-YEAR COURSESBecause of its quarter system, the University's calendar has not fitted too well with those of high schools,and particularly in Chicago, which have the semestergraduation plan. The introduction of the Chicago Plan,with its three-quarter general courses, made the induction of February high school graduates even more difficult. Plans have been made to enter freshmen at theend of this month, through the mid-quarter institutionof the two general courses taken by most of the newstudents, biological sciences and college composition. Beginning January 31, these courses will be completed byJune. Thus the semester high school graduates willcarry at least a full half-year's program, for the usualJOHN NUVEEN, JR., '18 » By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN, '20. JD '22freshman normally takes either three or four courses.In addition, the semester freshmen may enter quartercourses for which they are qualified. Tuition fee is $150,half the yearly amount. These mid-year students will beeligible for all freshman scholarship awards, on the samebasis as those who enter next autumn.HONORARY DEGREE FOR HERRICKAt the Winter Convocation on December 20, the University granted one of its infrequent honorary degreesin recognition of the achievements of Dr. James B. Herrick, study under whom it is the boast of many a prominent physician who graduated from Rush. Dr. Herrickreceived the degree of Doctor of Science, with the citation : "Scholarly teacher and devoted physician whosecharacter and attainments have adorned this Universityand whose contributions to knowledge have enriched theannals of medical science." Presenting him for the degree was Dr. Emmet B. Bay, dean of Rush Medical College, who was a student and associate of Dr. Herrick.Known among medical men as the "dean of internists," Dr. Herrick is internationally famous for his workon coronary thrombosis, and only to a slightly lesser degree, for his study of "sickle cell" anemia. Born in OakPark in 1861, Dr. Herrick graduated from the Universityof Michigan and received his M. D. degree from Rushin 1888. He was a member of the Rush faculty from1890 to 1927. Founder and first president of the ChicagoSociety of Internal Medicine, he has held the presidencyof the Institute of Medicine of Chicago, the AmericanHeart Association, the Association of American Physicians, and the Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons. Dr. Herrick reecived in 1930 the Kober Medal ofthe Association of American Physicians and Michiganconferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws uponhim in 1932.With the measured warning of Professor BernadotteSchmitt, Convocation Orator, over the bleakness of theinternational future sounding no note either of "commencement" or Christmas cheer, 237 students receivedtheir degrees at the Convocation. Of the total, 83 wereawarded the Bachelor's degree; 88 the Master's in artsor science ; 13 the Master of Business Administration degree ; 4 the J. D., 10 the M. D., and 38 the Ph. D.CHANGING THE SEASONSIf chrysanthemums become decorations for June weddings instead of accessories to football in those institutions where athleticism prevails, this perversion of naturewill be due to the work of Dr. Karl C. Hamner, instructor in the department of botany. Dr. Hamner hasbeen studying the problem of "photo-periodism," the relation between the blooming period of a plant and thelength of the day at the time of blooming. Chrysanthemums, for example, bloom in the shorter days of autumnbecause of this relationship. Dr. Hamner's experimentsshow that when plants are stimulated by light for a1718 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEproper period, some substance — a hormone — is activatedand controls the blooming period. This demonstrationclears the way to the isolation of the hormone, then itsanalysis, and finally its production, so that man will bereordering another phase of nature. More importantthan out of season blooming for decorative flowers wouldbe the influence of this control on fruit breeding programs, which would be speeded up until the productionof new varieties could be achieved ten times faster thanat present. Production of potato seed already has beenimproved by government workers using Dr. Hamner' sprinciples.MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE EXPERTSince 1932, when curtailment of its funds compelledthe Bureau of Census to cease compiling marriage anddivorce statistics, the country's authority on the subjecthas been Samuel A. Stouff er, professor of sociology atthe University. Dr. Stouff er assembles the statistics of23 states which report marriages and of 16 states whichpublish figures on divorce. By making necessary calculations and allowances for numerous social factors, heis able to arrive at marriage and divorce rates for thecountry as a whole. This phase of Dr. Stouffer's research activities is of considerable interest outside inthe business world, numerous trade groups followinghis conclusions because of the importance of the information to their members' business.Dr. Stouffer recently released his estimates for theyears 1936-37. He concluded that divorce courts, onthe one hand, and marriage license bureaus on the other,had operated at the highest rates in fifteen years. Divorce in 1937 mounted to what may have been thehighest rate in the history of the country ; the marriagerate, on the increase since the depression low of 1932,in 1937 was at a point exceeded only in 1920. Divorceswere 1.93 per 1,000 of population, having risen in thelast five years four times as rapidly as in the five yearsbefore the previous high of 1932. In 1937 there were11.03 marriages for every 1,000 persons, a proportionnot equalled since 1923, when a similar ratio obtained.The depression year of 1932 had a rate of 7.86; 1920,the record year, showed 11.96 per 1,000. Highest previous rate for divorces was established in 1929, 1.66 per1,000, and as with marriages, depression decreased divorce, 1932 having 1.29.Nevada, because of its easy divorce laws, showedthe greatest increase in the period since 1920, quadrupling its output in seventeen years. But the Nevadadivorces are slacking off, and Florida now shows thegreatest percentage of increase. Vermont, South Dakota,and New Hampshire granted the fewest divorces amongthe 16 reporting states. Maryland had the biggest boomin marriage, but largely because of its own "GretnaGreen," the town of Elkton, convenient for hasty out-of-state marriages. Connecticut showed the greatest declinein the number of marriages ; Alabama, Mississippi, NorthDakota, and South Dakota, also reported decreases.FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATIONOne of the important pieces of business the Congresswill consider in the new session (to which philosopherT. V. Smith goes as a representative-at-large of Illinois)will be the proposed federal-aid to education. Basis of the- bill, which establishes an annual grant of $70,000,000,which will increase to $199,000,000 by the sixth year,is the report made by the President's Advisory Committee on Education. Chairman of the Committee wasDr. Floyd W. Reeves, professor of education. Dr.Reeves had made independent studies which showed thatequality of education did not exist in the country because of inequality of economic support. Generallyspeaking, the report of the Committee did no more thanto lend weight to the facts and conclusions already established by Dr. Reeves.More than one-fifth of the children of the nation livein states where more than average taxing would berequired to provide $25 a year for the education of eachchild. Though the average city teacher's salary in 1935was $1,800, the average salary for teachers of rural areaswas less than $750, and in two states less than $500.Because the money is not locally available, a large number of the future citizens of the United States are notbeing educated. They all will vote; they will move outof the regions in which they were born and migrateto the more literate urban areas. Dr. Reeves contendsthat a democracy can not take the risk of this contaminating ignorance, and believes the legislation beforeCongress offers the only possibility of educating citizensin all the country, not alone in the more prosperous sections.BOOKS FROM THE PRESSThe combination of the faculty and the Universityof Chicago Press has been making important inventionsin text books in its series of "New Plan" books for thegeneral courses. Eight of the series was published thismonth: Animals Without Backbones, by instructorRalph Buchsbaum of the zoology department. It probably is the most lavishly illustrated text book that hasever been published, for the pictures are as importantas the text in teaching the invertebrate section of thegeneral course in zoology. The book is full of the stufffrom which "believe it or nots" are made: 95 per centof the animal kingdom live without benefit of backbones ;Aristotle was the first to observe the need of a classification as between vertebrates and invertebrates, but hisclassification went off the wrong way ; more than a million animal species already have been described andnamed, but several times as many remain to be discovered.Persons with mental disorders tend toward concentration in definite areas, according to a study, Mental Disorders in Urban Areas, another of the Press publications.Authors are Robert E. L. Faris, sociologist of McGillUniversity, and H. Warren Dunham, member of theUniversity's Social Science Research Committee andof the staff of the Illinois State Psychopathic Institute.Schizophrenic — split personality — cases are found mostfrequently in urban areas of social disorganization, suchas the rooming house districts and the fringes of theindustrial sections. But manic-depressives — characterized by abnormal emotional fluctuations — are not theproduct of the individual isolation which is typical oflife in a disorganized neighborhood, and are to be foundmore evenly distributed throughout the various socialand economic levels of life.ATHLETICS• By DON MORRIS, '36THE 1938 football situation has been handled byother columnists (vide Saturday Evening Post,Dec. 3, p. 23). Now that the pre-season basketball games are also in the nature of water under thebridge and the main events on the season's card areabout to materialize — along with the fencing, gymnastics, indoor track, swimming, water polo, and wrestlingmeetings — the football season might well be tucked intothe big drawer with the moth balls anyway, along withthe Political Union rally and other student activities.Suffice it to say that Captain Lewis Hamity wasnamed his team's most valuable player, and that JohnDavenport and Robert Wasem were elected co-captainsfor 1939. Hamity threw an average of fifteen passesin every game he played, and the passes were good foran average of four and one-half yards every time hethrew the ball.Davenport, holder of indoor and outdoor Big Tendash championships, averaged slightly less than threeand four-tenths yards per try, in running, and averagedmore than twenty-six yards per catch, in pass reception.Wasem, although he entered the season late, was considered by Coach Bill Harlow and his Harvard squad"as fine an end as has played in the Stadium this year."The football schedule for 1939 is easier than that oflast fall, including games with Wabash (Crawfordsville,Ind.), Beloit, and Oberlin Colleges and only three conference meetings. Chicago, by the way, has not playedOberlin since 1899, early in the spring of which year(Jan. 17) one Robert Maynard Hutchins was born inBrooklyn, who later went to school at Oberlin. Thefirst Oberlin-Chicago contest, in 1893, was won by theOhio school, but the next two games were shut-outs,w7on by championship Maroon teams in 1896 and 1899.The other two non-conference games will be with theUniversity of Virginia (Charlottesville, Va.) and Harvard University ( Cambridgeville, Mass.). Harvard willplay its return game on Stagg Field, and the first of ahome-and-home progressive party with Virginia will beplayed in Albemarle county, Virginia.The Big Ten games will be played at reverse locationswith three of the same schools which Chicago met lastfall. Michigan and Ohio State will hold down the southstand at Stagg Field, and Illinois will be waiting at Urbana. So much for football, of whatever vintage.Basketball ScoresChicago, 36; North Central, 28Chicago, 51; DePaul, 48Chicago, 23; Marquette, 43Chicago, 48; Armour, 11Chicago, 33 ; Oberlin, 16Chicago, 32; Marquette, 40A pair of victories in the first two basketball gamesmade people who had never even stepped through theField House door sit up and blink a little. Coach Nor gren's squad defeated North Central handily and in twodramatic overtime periods succeeded in wearing downa battling DePaul team.The Maroon squad was led in scoring by long and relaxed Richard Lounsbury, regular center. RobertMeyer, the only other letterman on the squad and theacting captain in the absence of Captain Robert Cassels,collaborated with sophomore Joe Stampf in providingaction at the forward positions.Stampf is one of three members of the Maroon quintet who have to duck when they go through six feet,four-inch doorways. Captain Cassels has been ineligible,but will probably be available in the section of the schedule yet to be played.William and Chester Murphy, the twins who coppedthe Big Ten tennis doubles title last spring, enlisted forbasketball last November. Chet has played regular guardso far this season; Bill, ineligible until last week, willpair with his brother in a Murphy-and-Murphy combination in the back court. Meanwhile lanky Ralph Richardson, a sophomore, has been holding down the guardjob with Chet Murphy."To cop," incidentally, is defined in the newest set ofproofs for Sir William Craigie's New American EnglishDictionary, now being compiled up in Wieboldt Hall.George Ade first used it in 1896, in speaking, however,of "copping" a girl. Use in athletic dialect came later.After "copping" their first two games, Chicagodropped the next to Marquette in Milwaukee. Marquette had lost to Wisconsin by only one point the weekbefore and was on the warpath, and Chicago's sophomores had not yet got used to their dark traveling jerseys.The defeat did not "lay them cold," though (also approved by Sir William).Marquette, however, crossed up Coach Norgren'ssquad by coming down to the Field House from Milwaukee and beating the Maroon team, even though itwras wearing its accustomed white. Last year Marquette obligingly lost the game on the Midway floor afterwanning in the Cream City, but the Hilltoppers had theIndian sign on Chicago both times this season.Master Richard Lounsbury had, by this time, piledup a season total of 69 points, which means that if in theremaining 14 games he can score another 32 he will surpass the pointage which left him tenth in the Big Tenindividual standings last year.The game with Yale University is the first 1939 contest as well as the season's major intersectional meeting. Chicago and Yale have not met since 1924, whena team which included Campbell Dickson, HarrisonBarnes, and William H. Abbot polished off the easterners 24-21.The game January 2 will, however, be the first between the Eli men and the John D. men to be playedin the Field House.19HUA CHUNG ON THE MARCHThe Story of a College Hegira• By C. F. LO, PhD '35WHEN the standing committee of the Collegeboard of directors made the final decision onJuly 1, 1938, to move Hua Chung to Kweilinas a measure of safety, a committee of three, consistingof Dr. Paul C. T. Kwei, Dr. B. K. Chen, and Mr. Shao,the physical director, was appointed to take charge ofthe caravan while Mr. Coe was asked to remain inWuchang to look after the college property. After daysof negotiation for transportation, the College MovingCommittee secured the loan of one launch and one tugboat from the Wartime Service Corps of the MilitaryAffairs Commission. A junk was also hired to carrythe college equipment. With all the necessary arrangements completed, the Hua Chung caravan decided totake off for Kweiling on July 10.Notices had been sent to our students announcing thecollege plan and advising them of the opportunity tojoin the college caravan. By 5 p. m. on July 10, overforty Hua Chung students living in Wuhan reported atthe college for registration to join the group. Membersof the faculty and their families numbered over fifty.The whole caravan left the Wuchang campus at 8 o'clockin the evening to get on board the specially charteredboats.Few slept well the first night on the boat, because ofthe disturbing noises of moving baggage and heavyequipment. Many students' parents, relations andfriends gathered at the bund to give parting advice andto say farewell. Next morning, at half past ten, the lastwmistle was blown, and the great migration started onits wav.STUDENTS ORGANIZEAn informal religious meeting was called by the faculty members the first evening. Soon a students' religious committee was organized to take charge of morning prayers which were held daily. The same religiouscommittee later also functioned as a recreation committee. The recreation consisted of a sunset meeting everyday in which all participated. From professors to college servants, all made their contribution to entertainment by singing local airs, telling jokes, or acting funnyroles. These sunset meetings were thoroughly enjoyed,and all members of the caravan felt that they were reallymembers of one big family.STORMY WEATHERFrom the start of the journey we encountered a strongwind, which so shook our little boats that not a few fellseasick. The current being strong, we made slow progress, anchoring at Ta Chu the first night. Before wewent to bed, Mr. Shao called the roll, and roll call waslater taken every night before bed time. The next nightwe spent at Pao Ta Chow. Not until the midnight ofthe 13 did we get to Yochow. As the wind was becom ing worse, we were forced to stay at Yochow one day,and everybody took the opportunity to go on land andenjoy the sights. From the Yoyang Tower one couldget a view of the whole city and its environs, includingthe Tungting Lake.CHANGSHAWe left Yochow early in the morning of July 15. TheTungting Lake was peaceful and calm, and the launchmade such good speed that we reached Changsha about11 o'clock that night. Two of our students who fellsick on the way were immediately sent to the Hunan-Yale Hospital, but the rest of the caravan did not landuntil the next morning when we moved into Yale MiddleSchool. The school authorities treated us with greathospitality. Here we stayed seven days in relative easeand comfort. The students' commissary committee continued their function ; and the morning prayers and sunset meetings were held every day.At Changsha our caravan was increased by the addition of over twenty Hua Chung students in Hunan Province, both men and women, who desired to go to Kweilin with the college.BY TRAIN TO HENGYANGThe main body of the caravan waited in Changshaseven days before we could get a train to take us toHengyang. During the week, nine air raid alarms weresounded although most of the times the enemy planesdidn't succeed in getting into the city. But on July 22the day of our departure, Japanese planes got into thecity and dropped some bombs near the NorthStation. At 6 p. m., that day, we crowded into a dirtyand broken car specially reserved for us. Because ourtrain had to wait for the passage of military trains, ourstart was delayed nine hours, which seemed like a tormenting experience. When finally the train pulled outof the station at 3 o'clock in the morning, we felt unspeakably happy! On the way, we had one more interesting and exciting experience of an air raid alarm. Weall had to get off the train and hide ourselves in thebushes. The locomotive was detached and went offdown the track. It was only when we saw that the locomotive was returning to the train that we left our coverand returned to our car. The rest of the journey wasuneventful, and we got into Hengyang at 10 o'clock inthe evening of July 23.HENGYANGAs soon as we arrived at Hengyang station, we senta vanguard to Hwei Wen Girls' Primary School tomake preparations for taking in the caravan. The principal of the school was roused from her sleep, and theonly servant in the school was kept busy making teaand getting kerosene for oil lamps. Before the roomswere ready for occupation, the caravan had reached the20THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 21school gates, and soon it was all noise and confusion!Hwei Wen is a small Christian school which ordinarilyhouses not more than 70 or 80 day pupils. The placewas obviously too small for our large group, but wemanaged to crowd into two class rooms; and, becausethere were not enough beds, many slept on the floor,with a mat as the only piece of bedding.We stayed 23 days at Hengyang, much longer thanwe expected. As there were no servants in the school,we organized ourselves into a service corps and kept theplace as tidy and clean as we could manage to do. Everybody shared in the manual labor, including professors.The lack of water supply was a great problem which keptthe commissary committee busy. Although there werethree large and deep wells in the school compound, theywere all dried up.AN UNHAPPY DAY AT TUNGANA heavy down pour on August 1 and 2 so damagedthe railway bridge at Tungan that through passage toChuenchow was impossible. We waited for the bridgeto be repaired, but when it became clear that the repaircould not be completed very soon, we decided to go toTungan first. The caravan was again divided into twogroups, the baggage and equipment division, leaving forTungan on August 12, and the main body of people onAugust 15. Mr. Shao, arriving at Tungan on August13, rented a newly built hotel for the use of the caravanwhich arrived on the 16. But we discovered at oncethat Tungan was not a place for us to stay long, forthere was an epidemic, and dependable food was particularly difficult to obtain. Dr. Kwei and Dr. Chen immediately got in touch with Mr. Hou, director of therailway, requesting him to help us to get out of Tunganas soon as possible. The next morning we boarded afreight car, loaded with rails, for Chuenchow. It was aEurope, Italy in Africa, and Japan in China, one answercan be given. If, on the other hand, these powers, orseveral of them, begin to take an active interest in LatinAmerica, a very different answer will have to be given.In the meantime, we need a working compromise, whichcan be perhaps agreement on a program sufficient tokeep us in the lead of possible enemies and yet not soburdensomeriis to take all our substance.Strange as it may seem, the very expensiveness ofmodern arms may be our salvation. No one relishes theincreased taxation which increased armaments will in-evitabjy bring, and the effects on our national economymay be more far-reaching than mere increased taxation.Nevertheless, it should be a comfort, if a small one, thatthe United States is better able to afford bloated armaments than any other country in the world and that, ifpeace does have to depend on silver bullets, we shouldbe able to stand the racket longer than any one elseAnd the fury with which the press in Italy and Germany has greeted our government's plan for more shipsand more planes is both illuminating and encouraging: hot day, and the car had no cover. Water being scarce,drinking had to be regulated so that every two or threehours one could only get one cupfull of water. Thatwas probably one of the worst experiences during ourjourney.FIRST STOP AT KWANGSIBut when we arrived at Chuenchow at 9 p. m. August17, we felt a great relief. The head of the railway section and his family were at the station to receive us.Six busses had been placed at our disposal to take usto the Provincial Junior Middle School. We found thatChuenchow is a much cleaner and more prosperouscity than Tungan.DESTINATIONFrom Chuenchow to Kweilin we had to travel bymotor cars. Due to the scarcity of busses, we couldn'tall go at once. But by the 23 of August, the caravanthat left Wuchang on July 11 with the exception of a fewin charge of baggage transport, had all reached the destination.Almost every one who took part in the trek from Wuchang to Kweilin testified to the fine leadership of thosein charge, and the spirit of service and cooperationamong all members of the group. The trip had not beena wholly pleasant one, but no one complained aboutanything, knowing the difficulties under which we hadto move. In this college moving enterprise, both teachers and students did their share, and all realized morethan ever before that the Hua Chung community is onefamily in which there is no distinction of class or rankwhen emergency calls for special service.The Hua Chung community which now settles inKweilin will bring the same spirit to the new environment. We may have lost much in material goods, butthe college spirit will grow and prosper.they know that they cannot endure in the race as longas we can and they reveal that they have not forgottenwhat happened in 1917.The United States is not its brothers' keeper, but wedo propose to defend our own peaceful, democratic civilization. Since that civilization is, unless all signs arewrong, in graver danger than at any time within thememory of persons now living, we have no course butto prepare to meet any emergency. If the cost will behuge, we know that it will be less than the cost of war,and with that consolation, we must be content.When I graduated from college a generation ago, theUnited States was still very far from being fully developed industrially and had just taken a few timid stepsin the domain of world politics. Life was simple, lifewas easy; and the Commencement orator was justifiedin assuring us of our importance and our opportunities.Today, it may seem an impertinence to indulge in suchnostalgia. For you who are about to receive degreesknow that your life will be neither easy nor simple, andif the view of international politics which I have pre-The United States Faces the World (Continued from Page 6)22 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEsented this afternoon is correct, you are aware that youmay be called upon to fight for the honor and interestsof the United States. Now no man in his senses welcomes wrar, but neither does he fear it, especially if hebelieves that irresolution and hesitation, by indicatingweakness, often make for war. If you wish to avoid that calamity, as certainly you do, make your elders, who arefor the moment your rulers, understand that you believe, as Woodrow Wilson did in 1917, that "the rightis more precious than peace," and that you will playyour part. Not otherwise shall we have, as Mr. Chamberlain promised, "peace for our time."Reunion Reverie (Continued from Page 13)who could sell programs to the fraternity boxes at the"Academic Alchemist" with dignified detachment. TheStudebaker Theater was a gay setting for that finishedproduction. What a stunning girl Emory Andrews madeand the star athlete, Ralph Hamill, in his decollete splendor! The present Blackfriars must be the progeny ofthat group, and the present "Dramatic Association" maycount among its ancestors Marjorie Cooke, TheodoreHinckley, Lina Small Harris, France Anderson andMilton Sills.Now I hear my vis-a-vis boasting about faculty, butI would never trade hers for ours — (more nostalgic ardor?) sociology with no less than George Vincent, psychology with James Rowland Angell, Sunday morningSymposium In A Salaioon(Continued from Page 7)boy is at a military academy and he's triedabout four other high schools and he's gettingalong all right there, but even there I think theykick up too big a fuss about football. Juniorbroke a finger and dislocated a hip in the lastgame playing and now he's home in bed andwill be out of school for two weeks at leastrunning a 104 temperature and that meanshe'll have to spend his holiday vacation studying to keep up with his school work, so I don'tknow but Hutchins is right, though I onlyread what was in the sports pages from hisspeech or article or whatever it was.MRS. 11 (Housewife,~blonde) : I didn't read it. I wentto art school for two years and they didn't havea football team. Anyway I'm a Cubs fan. "Bible" with President Harper who called us all by ourfirst names. Harry Pratt Judson in political science,anthropology with Frederick Starr, an intransigeant ifthere ever was one — (does any professor of today stagesuch class parties as he did, or confer the degree"Friend of the Department" on anyone taking a secondcourse with him?) Herrick fresh from Harvard, andthat incomparable Von Holtz leaning over his lectern,shaking a finger at his history class and bellowing "Doc-trinarianism, Doctrinarianism" until it has echoed downthe corridors of memory to influence every crisis of mylife.Yes, age may take away exuberance, but it gives oneexultation.Ballot-BoX Bluenoses (Continued from Page 12)PRIMARY OF APRIL 14, 1936:Twentieth ward, 4th precinct: Watchers Henry Hilland R. E. Haythorne testified 38 names written in poll-books after closing, five men political workers markedballots openly and helped count. Expert found fraudin 92 ballots. Double jail sentences for fi.\e women officials, single for the five men.Twentieth ward, 31st precinct: Watchers Sam Hairand Larry Grondale testified 150 given help, 14 nameswritten in after closing, ballots brought from back roomand put in box, one of judges voted three times himself,precinct captain dictated names for pollbooks andchanged marks on the ballots. Five officials, one yeareach. Precinct captain and assistant indicted and foundnot guilty.Twentieth ward, 37th precinct: Watchers EdwardFriedman and Herman Getner testified three outsiderscounted ballots or marked books. Three judges, oneyear each, later reduced to $50 fines on suggestion ofAppellate court.A FRENCHMAN LOOKS AT THE UNIVERSITY(Extracted from uLa Nouvelle Revue francaise" animportant French monthly, and translated by WilliamA. Nitze, chairman of the Department of French).The University, fashioned on Oxford and theEuropean Middle Ages (towers flanking crenelatedwalls of an athletic field), consists of a large numberof buildings which, seen from nearby or far-off, seemslike another city, though part of Chicago.If it is not a "real" city, it is at least an immensestage-set, not unlike that of a theatre; and just as astage-set consists of scenes more or less cut off, so theUniversity appears to Chicago.It stands for a lay monastery — so long dreamt about, not a worldly one nor a Christian one, although it accepts the world and the task of correcting its errors —but, again, it does so without resorting to prayer.In short, I can live the life of this city — close to theStockyards and ten minutes from the Loop. Nothingis lacking that the body needs or the mind craves:rooms, clubs, restaurants, libraries, movies, lecture-halls,sport-field, tennis, etc.Neither Trappist (austere) nor Thelmite (Utopian),and in a sense better than either, — it is yet the truemonastery of the future, and I fancy it peopled by thosewho cannot accept all the social lies, but who wish nevertheless to understand society.NEWS OF THE CLASSES1896Walter A. Payne left Chicago inNovember to make his permanent homein Los Angeles, California, where hisaddress will be the Arcady, 2619 Wil-shire Boulevard.1902In connection with his business survey work as a management engineer inthe organization of the Business Research Corporation of Chicago, Herbert E. Fleming, PhD '05, occasionally contributes to business magazines.His "Analytical Report on Management's Humanized Accountings to Employes," in the December number ofCommerce was the result of a study ofreports to employees, as such, by 42leading corporations including severalin Chicago and environs. The November 24 issue of Printers' Ink carriedMr. Fleming's factual description ofhow the People Gas Light and CokeCompany, Chicago, induces non-sellingemployees to supply sales-producingleads. Mr. Fleming also wrote an article on the activities of the electricalappliance dealers and the new appliancesalesmen's union in Chicago for the December Electrical Dealer.1903Wynne Norton Garlick, teacherof English at the Woodrow WilsonSenior High School in Long Beach,Calif., has travelled extensively inAlaska, Canada, and the United States,and has made three trips to Europe.On his last trip abroad in 1937 hevisited Russia.Arthur G. Thomas is now connected with the Social Security Boardat Washington, D. C.1905Evaline P. Dowling is vice principal of Roosevelt High School, Los Angeles.Hugo M. Friend, JD '08, is still onthe bench, now sitting in the AppellateCourt of Illinois, First District, andcontinues to enjoy his work.Lee W. Maxwell is chairman of theboard of the Crowell Publishing Company.Albert W. Sherer's work with theNational Biscuit Company in NewYork is in the sales and advertising endof the business. His daughter graduated in 1934 from Smith College andhis son, A. W., Jr., graduated lastspring from Yale. The Sherers areliving in Connecticut, their address being Round Hill Road, Greenwich.With one son a graduate of the University of Chicago Law School andnow a practicing attorney, a daughterattending National Kindergarten, andan 11' year old boy with a dog, thereis plenty of variety and activity in thehousehold of Henry and Charlotte Thearle Sulcer. Henry is vice president of Critchfield and Co., Chicago.1906Frederick R. Baird is still an attorney in the law department of Armour and Company at Chicago. Histwo sons have both finished their workat the University. Roger received hisbachelor's degree in 1936 and took hislaw degree at the March, 1938, convocation. Russell graduated last June.C. Arthur Bruce, vice president ofE. L. Bruce Company, manufacturersof hardwood lumber, flooring and thelike, in Memphis, Tenn., says that oneof his daughters was married in 1935and recently presented him a grandchildby the name of Bruce Alexander Gil-lis. The other three children are Barbara, 20; Arthur, Jr., 12, and Eleanor,11. Golf is his recreation.Ida G. Cramer is a teacher at theOliver High School in Pittsburgh, Pa.Albie N. Fletcher teaches in thesocial science department at Long Beach(Calif.) Junior College.1907Paul R. Gray is still with Sears,Roebuck and Company in Los Angeles,lives in Whittier, Calif., with his wifeand three daughters, and is still am bitious to own an orange grove andretire.Earl D. Hostetter, JD '09, continues in the practice of law as a member of the firm of Cassels, Potter andBentley, Chicago.Fred H. Kay is with the StandardOil Company, 30 Rockefeller Plaza,New York City. We record with sorrow the death during the year of Mrs.Kay.Charlotte L. Stinson is teaching atthe Lowell School in Tacoma, Wash.1908Luther Dana Fernald's family isas follows: Mrs. (Harriet Furniss),Chicago, TO; Frances, Wellesley, '33;Harriet, Wellesley, '34; Dana, Jr., Chicago, '46. His job is the advertisingend of Sunday magazines and comicsections, i.e., Sunday Magazines, Inc.The Fernalds live in Larchmont, N. Y.A wholesale grocer, Charles B. Jordan is vice president and general manager of Jordan Stevens Company atMinneapolis. He likes to participatein civic affairs, particularly the Community Fund, and gets much pleasurefrom the fellowship of the Rotary Club.He was president in 1934.Fall Saturdays find John J. Schommer rushing about the country officiat-]fWE 5&e t(ntoer£itp of Chicago^jp umveRSicp COLLCGeIN THE LOOPPUBLIC LECTURESWinter Quarter at the Art Institute of ChicagoRECENT ENGISH NOVELISTS— by David Daiches— 5lectures (Jan. 10 to Feb. 7). Series, $1.50.CHAUCER AND HIS CANTERBURY TALES — byJames R. Hulbert — 5 lectures (Feb. 14 to Mar. 14).Series, $1.50.ENGLAND AND THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION— by Marshall M. Knappen — 5 lectures (Jan. 11 toFeb. 8). Series, $1.50.LIVING PERSONALITIES OF THE NEW ORIENT— by Sunder Joshi — 5 lectures (Feb. 15 to Mar. 15).Series, $1.50.FUTURE OF NEW DEAL BUSINESS LEGISLATION— by The School of Business — 6 lectures (Jan. 13 toFeb. 17). Series, $1.50.RIGHTS IN THE U. S. S. R. — by John N. Hazard — 3 lec-V tures (Feb. 24 to Mar. 10). Series, $1.00.Single admission, 50c (Tax Exempt)Tickets on sale downtown at University CollegeFor detailed announcement regarding public lectures, addressUNIVERSITY COLLEGE18 South Michigan Ave. Telephone: DEArborn 3673TUESDAYS6:45-7:45 P. M.WENESDAYS6:45-7:45 P. M.FRIDAYS6:45-7:45 P. M.2324 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEBLACKSTONEHALLanExclusive Women's Hotelin theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering Graceful Living to University and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALL5748 TelephoneBlackstone Ave. Plaza 3313Verna P. Werner, DirectorPETERSONFireproof WarehouseSTORAGE — MOVINGForeign — DomesticShipments55th & Ellis Phone, MID 9700HAIR REMOVED FOREVERFREE CONSULTATIONLOTTIE A. METCALFEGraduate NurseALSOELECTROLYSIS EXPERTMultiple 20 platinum needles can be used.Permanent removal of Hair from Face,Eyebrows, Back of Neck or any partof Body; destroys 200 to 600 Hair Rootsper hour.Removal of Facial Veins, Moles andWarts.Member American Assn. Medical Hydrology andPhysical Therapy$1.75 per Treatment for HairTelephone FRA 4885Suite 1705, Stevens Bldg.17 No. State St.Perfect Loveliness Is Wealth in Beauty ing at football games. Week days findhim teaching at Armour Institute wherehe is professor of chemistry and director of athletics. In his spare time hedoes chemical analysis of all sorts andconsulting work.1909In June, 1937, John Dille completed twenty years as president ofthe National Newspaper Service, whichmerchandises talent — literary and artistic — strips, sports articles, health articles, women's page articles, etc.Renslow P. Sherer is keeping busydeveloping such diverse products asprefabricated steel houses, refrigerateddisplay cases, etc., in Chicago. _ He hasone son at Amherst, a Chi Psi at that.Robert H. Stevens, SM, chemist,lives at 207 Gwinnett St. E., Savannah, Ga.Fred M. Walker is in business forhimself at 160 North LaSalle, Chicago,and lives at 622 Washington Boule-bard, Oak Park. His family consistsof three boys, 15, 13, and 6. He organized the Berwyn Church Athletic Association, including all the churches ofBerwyn, some in Cicero, and some inRiverside, and has been its presidentfor the past two years. The Association sponsors basketball, tennis, softball, horseshoe pitching, ping-pong,and banquets.1910Ralph Cleary says : "I'm still doing an investment business in the samemanner in the same location. I live inHighland Park with Mrs. Cleary, twohusky boys and. a fine little girl andwe really enjoy the simple country life.Randolph E. Scott is a mathematicsinstructor at Central High School, St.Louis, Mo.Herschel G. Shaw has his ownbusiness in San Francisco, WesternWallpaper Company.Professor Norman J. Ware, PhD '13,of Wesleyan University, is in Englandat present. He plans to return to Mid-dletown, Conn., about the first of February.1911During the past few years HaroldC. Gifford's business activities havebeen centered around the Insurance Exchange in Chicago, where he is connected with the general agency ofChilds and Wood as a broker.1912Robert W. Baird now indulges intennis and golf at Rancho Santa Fe,but refuses to play contract. His hobbyremains his work with high school boysin Sunday School, Hi-Y, and othercharacter development work. He is inthe lumber, building materials, and rockand sand business at Carlsbad, Calif.Professor J. F. Grove, SM, PhD '15,has completed twenty years at RiponCollege, Ripon, Wis., and continues tosend an annual crop of "Bachelors" toChicago for graduate work in scienceand medicine.Since 1936 William P. Harms hasbeen administrator of relief in BayCounty, Mich. Maynard Simond is vice presidentof F. Eberstadt and Company, investment banking, 39 Broadway, New YorkCity. He and Mrs. Simond, who wasEsther Taylor, '13, live with theirtwo daughters, one twenty and onefourteen, in Rye, New York.Marion Kelly Van Campen is amember of the State Teachers College faculty in Kent, Ohio.1913Donald Hollingsworth has beenwith the Footwear Division of the B.F. Goodrich Co., of Cleveland for thelast seven or eight years, and lives inLakewood. Mrs. Hollingsworth isDorothy Fox, '13, and their threechildren are Don, Jr., now in college;Dick, in high school, and Barbara, injunior high.Dr. Paul M. Hunter is practicingsurgery in Carmel, Calif. He has threedaughters.1914Thomas E. Coleman of Madison,Wis., is still in the manufacturing business, now manufacturing in addition tomechanical lubricators, a complete lineof heavy die casting machinery, diecastings, die casting dies, and air tools.He and Mrs. Coleman have three children.J. A. Greene, vice president andgeneral manager of the Ohio Bell Telephone Co. at Cleveland, manages tokeep mixed up in several civic activities.Howell W. Murray's outside interest continues to be grade schools andhe is president of School District 107in Highland Park. He plays golf regularly at the Exmoor Country Club, towhich he gives considerable time, formerly as vice president, and now aspresident, of the club. Business hoursfind him at A. G. Becker & Co., Chicago, where he is a vice president.Roderick Peattie and wife (Margaret Rhodes) with their two youngerchildren, live at 1601 Perry Street, Columbus, Ohio, where Roderick holdsforth as professor of geography at OhioState. Their oldest boy entered Harvard in 1935 on a scholarship.Mrs. Robert D. Rands (MinnieFrost) of Washington, D. C, is theauthor and producer of the new story-drama The Prince of Peace.Andrew W. Solandt, DB '22, isminister of the Congregational Churchin Fort Fairfield, Maine.1915John C. Baker is with the PatricianSilk Co., Inc., Syracuse, New York.John G. Burtt is in the employ ofthe Shell Oil Company, at Los Angeles,valuing oil properties for tax and otherpurposes. John, Jr., now six feet two,is attending Pasadena Junior College.There are two other children — Barbara,eighteen, and Julianne, eleven.Since 1935 George W. CottinghaMhas been editor of The Houston Chronicle (the largest daily newspaper inTexas). He was recently appointedone of three members of the TexasPublic Safety Commission, which hasTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 25the task of consolidating and directing a police force for Texas.Thomas F. Rayan is an attorney atReno, Nevado.H. J. Stegeman, who is dean of menand director of physical education atthe University of Georgia, is recuperating from a heart attack which he suffered on November 12 at the CrawfordLong Memorial Hospital in Atlanta andis getting- along nicely.1916J. E. Cole is associated with God-dard- Jackson Co., Los Angeles, whichsells industrial and mine supplies.Helen Dawley, a member of theUniversity of Chicago Library staff,has moved to 1300 East 56th Street,Chicago. mRowland H. George is, as he hasbeen for some years back, a partner inthe Stock Exchange firm of Wood,Struthers & Co., and continues to enjoy New York very much as a placeto live.Two fine children, Gail Ruth, age 9,and Kenneth Wayne, 5, add interest toDenton H. Sparks' household. Denton has been president of A. C. Mc-Clurg & Co., of Chicago, wholesalebooks, stationery, and allied merchandise, for the past three years.Willis H. Sugg is living in Madi-sonville, Ky., where he is selling lifeinsurance.Larve F. Smith, AM, is sales manager of Spirella Co., Niagara Falls,New York.1917Joseph L. Adler, PhD '30, is president of the Pathfinder ProspectingCompany, 120 Broadway, New YorkCity.Roy Knipschild's work continues tobe the planning and selling of directadvertising, with the Rosenow Company, Chicago. His play is ditto, plusfootball and backetball officiating, plusfishing and a spot of golf and tennisin summer, plus handball and squashracquets in winter.1918Marion E. Palmer is advertisingand publishing manager of LewisPurses, Inc., 135 Madison Ave., NewYork City.Jessie Jenkins Pinkham (Mrs.Victor E.) writes from Northfield,Minn., where her husband is assistantprofessor of history at Carleton College and rector of All Saints EpiscopalChurch.Stanley Roth is vice president ofSchultd Retail Stores Corporation, 386Broadway, New York City.Paul Hendrix Seay is teacher andschool treasurer at Withrow HighSchool, Cincinnati.Alta Stumpf, editor, is in chargeof reading and children's literature atJohnson Publishing Company, Richmond, Va.An address recently obtained for Mrs.Lea A. Sturgeon (Helen Moore) is3436 North Sherman Drive, Indianapolis, Ind.1919David H. Annan, who trades in wheat on the Chicago Board of Tradefor Lamson Bros., is a member of theChicago Stock Exchange, Chicago Mercantile Exchange, and the ChicagoBoard of Trade. The only forms ofathletics indulged in are golf and casting.Seven years ago with two associates,George F. Martin formed the Seismograph Service Corporation at Tulsa toconduct geophysical explorations foroil. They designed and manufacturedtheir own equipment complete, andhave enjoyed such remarkable growththat their crews are now operatingunder contract to the large oil companies, in foreign countries, as well asthe oil section of the U. S. They havehad many unique and interesting contacts and experiences, among whichwas building special seismic equipmentfor the Byrd Antarctic Expedition andsending a man to that far outpost withthem, being later entertained by hismost interesting experiences.Mrs. Ney MacMinn (Helen Atkinson) of Evanston is the new editor of Trident, magazine of Delta DeltaDelta.Alpha Kelsey Thompson is a salesfloor demonstrator of the G. E. Kitchenand small appliances at the Lincolnbranch of the Iowa-Nebraska Light andPower Company. Her husband diedsome three years ago. Her son, Charles,is now eight years old.1920Edwina Williams Catton (Mrs.Percy) teaches part time at the ShadyHill School in Cambridge, Mass.F. Moffat Elton has been in theretail furniture business with the Ald-rich-Howey Co. of Cleveland the pastten years.Paul D. Hinkle has started hiseighteenth year at Butler, where he isathletic director, football, basketball andbaseball coach.^ John Joseph is director of advertising and publicity for Universal Pictures and has his headquarters in Universal City, Calif.Carl A. Rehm is a member of theFederal Home Loan Bank Board, Indianapolis, Ind.Mildred Siviter writes from 4332West 217th Street, Rocky River, Ohio.Grace Turner is principal of theHarvard School, Cleveland, Ohio.1921Antonio D. Alvir, PhD '30, is engaged in mining in the Philippines,where he is president of Alvir andCompany with offices in Manila.John Ashenhurst, who owns theDrake Travel Service in the PalmoliveBuilding, works selling radio time forEdward Petry & Co., Inc., Chicago, haspublished a couple of books and hopesto publish many more.Arthur C. Bevan, PhD, state geologist of Virginia, was in Chicago recently and also participated in the Tri-State Field Conference.C. Maynard Boos, SM '24, employedby the Independent Prospecting Company, has been transferred to Mattoon,111. GREATESTBARGAINtn 10 y«*«as little asRem ingtonNOISELESSPortableNOW AS LITTLE AS10c a dayImagine a typewriter that speaks in a whisper!You can write in a library, a sick room, a Pullman berth, without disturbing others. Andsuperb performance that literally makes wordsflow from the machine. The Remington Noiseless Portable is equipped with all attachmentsthat make for complete writing equipment — itmanifolds and cuts stencils perfectly. Furnishedin black with chromium fittings.SPECIFICATIONSStandard keyboard. Takes paper 9.5 incheswide. Standard size, 12 yard ribbon. Makes upto 7 legible carbons. Back spacer. Paper fingers.Roller type. Black key cards with white letters.Double shift key and shift lock. Right and leftcarriage release. Right and left cylinder knobs.Large cushion rubber feet. Single or doublespace adjustment. A brand new NOISELESStypewriter, right off the assembly line.10-DAY FREE TRIALFor the first time in history you can own a genuine Remington Noiseless Portable for as little as10c a day or $3.00 a month. Think of it! Thefinest Remington Portable ever built at thelowest terms we have ever offered.And you don't risk a penny! We will send thisbrand new Remington Noiseless Portable for aTEN DAYS' FREE TRIAL! If you are notsatisfied, send it back. We pay all shippingcharges.TYPINGBOOKLETCARRYINGCASEFREE-With your Remington Noise-less Portable-— absolutelyfree— a 24-page booklet teachingyou the Touch System always used by experts. Withthe help of this booklet youwill find typing the most enjoyable way you ever wrote.SPECIALCarrying Case, handsomelycovered in DuPont fabric isincluded with your purchase.The case makes it easy totake your machine anywhere.You can use it on trains, oron your knees at home. Don'tdelay. Mail the coupon.— .MAIL NOW --......«..*«.¦¦¦¦«....^^ Remington Rand Inc. Dept. 00-00 ¦I 465 Washington St., Buffalo, N. Y. J¦ Tell me, without obligation, how to get a Free ¦" trial of a new Remington Noiseless Portable, J', including Carrying Case and Free Typing fa¦ Booklet for as little as 10c a day. Send Catalog. ¦1 Address . . . . ¦¦¦ City State ¦....zTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESCHOOLS & CAMPSThe Midway School6216 Kimbark Ave. Tel. Dorchester 3299Elementary Grades — High SchoolPreparation — KindergartenFrench, Music and ArtBUS SERVICEA School with Individual Instruction andCultural AdvantagesELIZABETH HULL SCHOOLForRETARDED CHILDRENBoarding and Day Pupils5046Greenwood Ave TelephoneDrexel 1 1 88Intensive Stenographic CourseBM FOR COLLEGE MEN & WOMENH 100 Words a Minute in 100 Dayi As- a^ lured for one Fee. Enroll NOW. Dij ~M claisei only — Begin Jan., Apr., JuljW and Ott. Write or Phone Ban. 1575.MlS S. MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO +MacCormac School ofCommerceBusiness Administration and SecretarialTrainingDAY AND EVENING CLASSESAccredited by the National Association of Accredited Commercial Schools.1170 E. 63rd St. H. P. 2130THE OLDEST CAMP IN THE WESTCAMP HIGHLANDSFOR BOYSSAYNER, WISCONSINThree Camps— 8-12: 13-14: 15-17Woodcraft, Athletic and Water Sports,Music, Photography, Scouting, Long CanoeTrips, Riding, Shooting, Shop, Nature Lore,Camping Trips, Unexcelled Equipment,Experienced Staff, Doctor and Nurse.WRITE THE DIRECTOR FOR CATALOGW. J. MONILAW, M. D.5712 Kenwood Ave., Chicago Carroll L. Fenton, PhD '26, is au- ithor of a new book entitled Our Amazing Earth, published by DoubledayDor an and Company.Golf continues to be John W. Ful-ton/s (Jr.) main recreation as wellas his business, since he is managingeditor of two national golf magazines —Golfing and Golfdom.Keith Kindred is a member of thefirm of Barcus, Kindred and Company,Chicago, which deals in municipalbonds.Chalmer C. McWilliams is associated with Security Materials Co., LosAngeles, Calif., as vice president, incharge of sales.Harold E. Nicely was installed aspastor of the Brick Presbyterian Churchof Rochester, N. Y., in February of1938. There are three children in thefamily, Patricia 10, Billy 7, and John 5.A. E. Oldham, SM, is now chiefgeologist of the American Liberty OilCompany in Dallas, Texas.Rae Preece is with the Darby Petroleum Corporation, Philtower Building,Tulsa.Hazel V. Richards, AM, teachesEnglish at the Franklin High School inPortland, Oregon.Eugene F. Rouse is a member of theBoard of Directors of Town Hall, Inc.,Los Angeles.At two exhibits this fall. Belle C.Scofield has shown the oil paintingsshe did in Mexico this last summer. Inaddition to her work as assistant director in charge of art education in Indianapolis, she is president of the alumnichapter of Pi Lambda Theta, directorof the A. A. U. W., Indiana Artists, andArt Association of Indianapolis.Louis Timmins' home address is6618 Normal Boulevard, Chicago.Franklin E. Vestal, SM, spent partof the summer in work for the Mississippi State Geological Survey and laterstudied the bentqnite deposits of northeastern Mississippi for private interests.James A. Weber is principal of theLocke School, Chicago.1922Robert Collins is vice president ofthe George H. Hartman Company (advertising agency) and in charge of theNew York office at 420 Lexington Avenue.Maurice DeKoven is doing legal research for New York State.Margaret ODay Kibbee (Mrs.Harry M.) is public relations counselfor Hartwell, Jobson and Kibbee, NewYork City.Mr. and Mrs. Earl Meyer of RiverForest adopted a baby girl last September. Her name is Marcia Elizabeth andshe was born September 1. Earl hasbeen in investment banking since 1922and has been with Blyth and Company,Inc., Chicago, since 1933 in charge ofinstitutional service work.Herbert Rubel is still with SelectedShares Corporation at 135 South LaSalle Street, Chicago.F. Millet Salter, AM, teacher, isstudying in London this fall. SCHOOLS & CAMPSBOY'S SCHOOLSBLAIR ACADEMYExcellent preparation for college. Small classes.Cultivation of initiative and self-reliance. 65 milesfrom New York, Charles H. Breed, Box 20,Blairstown, N. J.HEBRON ACADEMYThorough college preparation for boys at moderatecost. 75 Hebron boys freshmen in college thisyear. Write for booklet and circulars. Ralph L.Hunt, Box G, Hebron, Me.WILLISTON ACADEMYUnusual educational opportunities at modest cost.Over 150 graduates in 40 colleges. New recreational center, gym, pool. Separate Junior School.A. V. Galbraith, Box 3, Easthampton, Mass.BOY'S CAMPSCAMP CARSON *Hiking, swimming, boxing, rowing in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mts. in a plain, good oldfashioned camp to build outstanding American boys,8-18. Eight happy weeks, $125.00. Forty miies fromHarrisburg. Catalog. Box G, New Bloomfield, Pa.For further information write directly to aboveschools or camps or to the Graduate Group Educational Bureau, 30 Rockefeller Pl., New York, N.Y.Jl&L VYl&VLConceitedEnough to beERIECLOTHING COMPANYpresentsAMERICA'S FAMOUSCLOTHES and FURNISHINGSSavings up to 25%837 E. 63rd STREETMARYLAND THEATRE BLDG.1923Ruth Shriver, who is now Mrs. Arthur Campbell, may be addressed at 330East Jackson, Macomb, 111.Benjamin F. Stalcup, AM, is deanof Drake Junior College, Jersey City;N.J.For thirteen years Olin O. Stans-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 27bury has been aiding and abetting Marshall Field and Company in its retailstore's Advertising Bureau.Roy D. Templeton graduated fromLoyola University School of Medicinein 1937 and is now teaching there.Marvin Weller, PhD '27, has recently returned after 13 months of exploration for oil in China for a Chinese syndicate. The areas studied werein Kansu, the northwestern most province of China, and in Chinghai, thenortheastern most province of Tibet.He was there at the time the war between China and Japan began and wason the road connecting China and Russia when the first Russian war suppliesfor China arrived. The party was intwo Chinese cities when they werebombed by the Japanese and had toleave China by a circuitous route toavoid the Japanese forces.John G. Woodruff took his PhDdegree at Michigan in 1936 and is nowteaching at Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y.1924J. A. Culbertson, SM, is assistantdivision geologist with the ContinentalOil Company at Houston, Texas.Edward L. De Loach is geophysicistwith the Atlantic Refining Company atHouston, Texas.Joseph B. Duggan, JD '26, is associated with the law firm of Kirkland,Fleming, Green, Martin & Ellis, Chicago.Mrs. Donald MacDonald (LauraHolmes) lives at Woodclifr Lake, NewJersey.Secretary of the San Jose JuniorChamber of Commerce, Russell E.Pettit is also manager of a retailmerchants association of some 300 members. Rather afield, but as a JuniorChamber of Commerce sponsored project, he is also "managing the only outdoor bicycle track west of Nutley, NewJersey, and the only one in the worldwhere weekly races are held at night.Three thousand or more fans show upeach Wednesday night, ready to weartheir lungs out in their cheering asthe thrills and chills and spills takeplace."Lila Thompson has changed hername to Mrs. George Kidd, Jr., andher address to Midland, Texas.Marjorie J. Walker is an instructor in the College of Education at DrakeUniversity, Des Moines, Iowa.1925Howard C. Amick has been with theNorthwestern Bell Telephone Companyin various capacities since graduating,and his present title is manager of theSioux City Exchange. His son, Richard C, is now five and his daughter,Marjorie Ellen, two.Lawrence F. Athy, PhD, is chiefgeophysicist of the Continental Oil Co.,with headquarters at Ponca City, Okla.Robert N. Howell is now in lifeinsurance counsel, located in the FieldBuilding, Chicago, with Arthur StedryHansen, a consulting actuary who advises buyers rather than companies.Howell specializes in advice on life insurance and annuities for individuals.Elmer A. Lampe, in the departmentof athletics and physical education atthe University of Georgia, is head coachof basketball, assistant in football, andinstructor in physical education. Heand Mrs. Lampe are enjoying Athens agreat deal and report that young Jackis already acquiring a genuine southernaccent.Paris B. Stockdale of Ohio StateUniversity conducted a geological fieldtrip in Eastern Tennessee during thefirst part of the summer. Later he motored with his family to Vancouver,visiting several of the National Parksen route. From Vancouver they sailedfor Hawaii.1926William H. Abbott, JD '28, is practicing patent law in Chicago and is amember of the firm of Carpenter, Abbott and Coulter.R. Graham Hagey is an officer ofGeneral Houses, Inc., Chicago, andbusily engaged in developing the muchdiscussed prefabricated steel houses.Arnold D. Hoffman, SM '31, is associated with Dorsey Hager, consultinggeologist, at Effingham, 111.Ruth E. Shields is teaching inHammond, Ind.Ralph Spaulding is now with theLmited Geophysical Co., at Pasadena,Calif.Robert Tieken, JD '32, is associatedwith Winston, Strawn & Shaw, Chicago and lives in Libertyville.Joseph A. Windle teaches at St.Mary's College, Winona, Minn.1927Frank E. Byrne of the geology staffof Kansas State College, Manhattan,spent the summer in Chicago continuing his graduate work in zoology andvertebrate paleontology at NorthwesternUniversity and at the University ofChicago.Edith Grimm is a member of theexecutive staff of Carson Pirie Scottand Company, Chicago.Clyde C. Hillis is principal of theElwood (Ind.) High School.Robert W. Lackey, SM '27, physiology teacher in Baylor Medical College, has two children, Estill, 11 years,and Nancy Dale, 4 years.Alberto G. Laurel is a bacteriologist at San Lazaro Hospital, Manila,P. I..Theodore W. Schilb, SM, works forthe Monsanto Chemical Company, St.Louis, Mo.Leo S. Stafford is director of public relations at Brown Military Academy, Pacific Beach, Calif.Leroy D. Stinebower, AM, is anassistant in the Office of the Adviser onInternational Economic Affairs in theDepartment of State, Washington, D. C.Orville D. Strader, AM, teachesat Millersburg (Kentucky) Military Institute.Joseph Tuta, PhD, MD '29, and hiswife, Lorene Hartley, SM '29, resideat 415 Fullerton Parkway, Chicago.Dr. Tuta is at Grant Hospital as pathologist. Your whole life throughShorthand will be useful to you.LearnGREGGthe world's fastest shorthand.BUSINESSDIRECTORYAMBULANCE SERVICEBOYDSTON BROS.All phones OAK. 0492operatingAuthorized Ambulance Servicefor Billings HospitalUniversity Clinics, etc.PACKARD AND LASALLE EQUIPMENTASBESTOSflj£lL@ PIONEERING IN THEDEVELOPMENT OF INSULATIONMATERIALS FOR THE CONTROLOF HEAT-LOSS SINCE 1873KEASBEY & MATTISON COMPANY140 So. Dearborn St. Ran. 6951AWNINGSPhones Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.,INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueBOILER REPAIRINGBEST BOILER REPAIR &WELDING CO.BOILER REPAIRING AND WELDING24 HOUR SERVICE1408 S. Western Ave. Tel. Canal 6071NIGHT PHONEDREXEL 6400 OAKLAND 3929HAVEFEWER BOILER REPAIRSMFG. OF FEWER'S SUBMERGED WATERHEATERS4317 Cottage Grove Ave., ChicagoEstablished 189528 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEBOOK BINDERSW. B. CONKEY COMPANYHammond, IndianaPrinters and BindersofBooks and CatalogsSales OfficesCHICAGO NEW YORKBOOKSMEDICAL BOOKSof Ail PublishersThe Largest and Most Complete Stock andall New Books Received as soon as published. Come in and browse.SPEARMAN'S(Chicago Medical Book Co.)Congress and Honore StreetsOne Block from Rush Medical CollegeCATERERJOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900—0901Retail Deliveries Daily and SundaysQuality and Service Since 1882CEMENT CONTRACTORST. A. REHNQUIST CO.CEMENT SIDEWALKSCONCRETE FLOORSTelephoneBEVERLY 0890FOR AN ESTIMATE ANYWHERECHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '12B. R. Harris, '2 1Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285-6COALEASTMAN COAL CO.Established 1 9027 YARDSALL OVER TOWNMAIN OFFICE252 West 69th StreetTelephone Wentworth 32 1 5Wasson-PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phones: Wentworth 8620- 1 -2-3-4Wasson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wasson Does I928Mrs. Sidney Adams (Caroline A.Lander) is at the Cotton Field Station Agricultural School in Knoxville,Tenn., doing research.Charles J. Harris of New YorkCity publishes Educational InformationGuides for the use of students in highschools all over the country.In writing from Roselle, N. J., Mrs.Walter D. Heifer (Charlotte Spar-rowhawk) mentions her three sons.As her husband is boys secretary at thelocal Y. M. C. A., she participates inwomen's work there and is also activein the Presbyterian Church work andthe local P. T. A.Noyes B. Livingston is with theSkelly Oil Company at Shreveport, La.Mildred New has been living inKenosha, Wis., since her marriage toDr. George C. Schulte.Robert Massey is working in thecattle buying department for Swift andCompany, Chicago.1 929Janet Gow Clark (Mrs. Robert L.)works in the laboratory of the HermanKiefer Hospital in Detroit, Mich.Richard Mason Fraps, PhD, is aphysiologist with the National Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville,Md.James A. Longman, SM, is teachingat Lane Tech, Chicago.John G. MacKinnon, AM, is minister of the first Unitarian Church,Richmond, Va.In addition to his teaching work atthe Springfield (Mass.) Y. M. C. A.College, Duane Van Dyke Ramsey,AM, is also taking courses at Columbiatoward his Ph.D. degree which hehopes to get soon.1 930William F. Calohan is in geophysical work with the Union Producing Company, at Houston, Texas.Alfred Crofts is- now at New Mexico Junior College, Portales, N. M.Brandon Grove, PhD '34, of theSocony- Vacuum Oil Company, is nowstationed at The Hague after havingspent some time at Prague during therecent crisis. He will soon return tothe U. S. on furlough.Glenn W. Heywood is local manager at the Lawndale-Lafayette Districtoffice of the Illinois Bell TelephoneCompany in Chicago. Married, he hastwo boys, aged five and eight.Edward J. Lawler, Jr., is associatedwith the law firm of Bowden and Ooms,Chicago.Pearl E. Rinehart reports as Mrs.Duane Landon, 3127 Jules Street, St.Joseph, Mo.Mrs. Harry V. Scott (Mary Sisson)gives us her address as 4116 TacomaAvenue, Fort Wayne, Ind.Olga B. Werner, AM, is in the promotion department of Scott, Foresmanand Co., Chicago.1931Alfred L. Anderson, PhD, has beenappointed acting head of the departmentof geology at the University of Idaho.Myron L. Carlson is with the Manu- COFFEE-TEALa Touraine Coffee Co.IMPORTERS AND ROASTERS OFLA TOURAINECOFFEE AND TEA209-13 MILWAUKEE AVE., CHICAGOat Lake and Canal Sts.Phone State 1350Bostoi*— New York— Phlladelphiar-SyraeuseELECTRICAL CONTRACTORSWM. FECHT ELECTRIC CO.CONTRACTORS - ENGINEERSLIGHT & POWER WIRING600W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneSeeley 2788MEADE ELECTRICCOMPANY, INC.ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORSWIRING FOR LIGHT & POWER3252Franklin Blvd. TelephoneKedzie 5070ENGRAVERSFENCESANCHOR POST FENCE CO.Ornamental Iron — Chain Link —Rustic WoodFences for Campus, Tennis Court,Estate, Suburban Home or Industrial Plant.Free Advisory Service and EstimatesFurnished333 N. Michigan Ave.Telephone STAte 5812FLOWERSA -—¦ mif^ Q CHICAGO<$0? Established 186Se/j^\ FLOWERSPhones Plaza 6444, 64451364 East 53 rd StreetTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 29facturers Association of Connecticut.Leif B. Erickson, JD '34, has beenappointed a member of the SupremeCourt of Montana.Marshall Fish is now associatedwith the United Autographic RegisterCompany in Detroit.Katherine K. Groman is now thewife of William M. Schuyler, AM?34, French instructor at the University of Notre Dame. Their home address is 907 North Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, Ind.Dale Allen Letts is now employedby the firm of Adams, Nelson and Williamson, Chicago, and still lives in Elmhurst.Ruth Earnshaw Lo was reportedunharmed after the aerial bombardmentat Hua Chung College at Kweilin,China, on November 30. The renteddormitory was burned and foreign occupied residences were damaged.Jeanette Nielsen is married toHarry A. Millman who is working forDraper and Kramer in Chicago.James E. Scheibler is associatedwith Paramount Pictures, Inc., atMemphis, Tenn. He says that he is,however, half a farmer, since he livessome place out beyond Bartlett, Tenn.Frances McEnery Smith (Mrs. O.H.) writes from 939 St. John St., Elgin, 111.In a recent communication, Mrs.Webster Sterling (Jane Ryno) ofBenton Harbor, Mich., mentions hertwin boys now five years old.Minnie P. Thigpen is on leave ofabsence for the school year to attendthe Harvard School of Public Healthand is living at 55 Shattuck St., Boston.Fermino M. Zancanaro is managerof the Harris Stores, Portage, Wis.1932J. L. Hough, SM '34, of the SoilConservation Service visited the University for a few days in October enroute to Colorado where he will aidin several flood control projects.Louis C. Sass has left Venezeula andis now with the Kuwait Oil Company,Kuwait, Persian Gulf, Arabia.Fred Towsley is with a mining company at Matheson, Ontario.1933Eleanor J. Giese is a teacher atAustin Evening High School, Chicago.Edgar L. Goldsmith and WarrenE. Thompson are partners in a publicity agency, 7 South Dearborn Street,Chicago^Archie H. Hubbard works for Swiftand Company, Chicago.James W. Porter completed his legaleducation at Washburn College, Topeka, Kan., in June, 1935, and was admitted to the Kansas bar. At presenthe is engaged in the practice of law,being a member of the law firm ofDavis and Porter in Topeka.Father Harold W. Rigney, PhD '37,is teaching geology and biology at St.Mary's Seminary, Techny, Illinois. Dr.Rigney was in the field in Nebraskaduring the past summer making collections of vertebrate fossils from the White River and Harrison formationsof the Oligocene and Miocene.Ola Ross is a nurse at the SeasideHospital, Long Beach, Calif.R. G. Wallace, Jr., became associated with Nowak Milling Corporation,Hammond, Ind., after graduation but isnow connected with the Masonite Corporation, New York City. He marriedMaxine Nowak on November 21, 1934,and Robert III, arrived on August 17,1937.Lou Williams, SM '35, is with thePure Oil Company, 35 E. WackerDrive, Chicago. In her spare momentsshe is continuing work on her doctor'sdissertation.1934Former general secretary of theY. W. C. A. here, Margaret LoganClark is now a member of the National Board of the "Y" in New YorkCity.Taking charge of Foster Hall thisquarter is Eleanor A. Conway, PhD,instructor in anatomy at the University.Wayne E. Rapp is now employedby the Walker Manufacturing Companyat Racine, Wis.1935Harold L. Geis of the Atlantic OilCompany is now on duty in Cuba.Theodore Kahan is working for theAmerican Decalcomania Co., Chicago.Chuck Newton has resigned as director of the University Radio Officeand has gone to New York City wherehe plans to go into commercial advertising.Natalie Pannes is a graduate student at the University of Chicago.Kenneth Parsons is working for theInland Exploration Company in Kabul,Afghanistan.Margaret Rodgers is now Mrs.Carol Haynes and lives at 225 WestWebb Street, Calumet City, 111.Theodore R. Savich is connectedwith the Phillips Petroleum Corporation, Bartlesville, Okla.Harry Richards Van Liew is anaviator with the United Air Lines.1936James Dorris is with the Seismograph Service Corporation in Tulsa,Okla. The president of this Corporation is G. H. Westby, '20.E. C. H. Lammers, PhD, has beenappointed a full time member of the staffat Washington aijd Lee University,Lexington, Va.William B. Mather, PhD, is engaged in consulting work in Torontowith an office at 18 Toronto Street.Floyd Weinand is now assistant music critic for the Musical Leader.Richard D. White is with theStandard Oil Company of Texas atHouston.1937William S. Hart is back on campusdoing graduate work after a year'sstudy at the Sorbonne, Paris, France.Ruth E. Long, 4577 Oakenwald,Chicago, will spend the coming yearin Europe.Anders M. Myhrman, PhD, was GROCERIESLEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyde Park 9100-1-2QUALITY FOODSTUFFSMODERATE PRICESWE DELIVERLAUNDRIESSUNSHINE LAUNDRYCOMPANYAll ServicesDry Cleaning2915 Cottage Grove Ave.Telephone Victory 5110THEBEST LAUNDRY andCLEANING COMPANYALL LAUNDRY SERVICESAlsoZoric System of Cleaning- : - Odorless Quality Cleaning - : -Phone Oakland 1383LETTER SERVICEPOND LETTER SERVICEEverything in LettersHooven TypewritingMultigraphingAddressograph Service MimeographingAddressingMailingHighest Quality Service Minimum PricesAll Phones 418 So. Market St.Harrison 8118 ChicagoLITHOGRAPHERL C. Mead '21. E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing731 Plymouth CourtWabash 8182MUSIC PRINTERSHIGHEST RATED IN UNITED STATESENGRAVERS SINCE 1906 + WORK DONE BY ALL PROCESSES -»+ ESTIMATES GLADLY FURNISHED H> ANY PUBLISHER OUR REFERENCE H^RAYNEIT• DALHEIM &CO.Z054 W. LAKE ST., CHICAGO.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMATTRESSESSOHN & COMPANY, Inc.Manufacturers ofMATTRESSES &STUDIO COUCHESTelephoneHaymarket 35231452W. Roosevelt Rd.OFFICE FURNITURELEASEJEJix&iness Equipment \FILING CABINETSDESKS — LOCKERSCUPBOARDS — SHELVINGMetal Office Furniture Co.Grand Rapids, MichiganPAINTERSGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3 1 86E. STEWART FEIGHINC.PAINTING — DECORATING5559 TelephoneCottage Grove Ave. Midway 4404RICHARD H. WEST CO.COMMERCIALPAINTING & DECORATING1331W. Jackson Blvd. TelephoneMonroe 3192PHOTOGRAPHERMOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago . . State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNIPLASTERINGHOWARD F. NOLANPLASTERING, BRICKandCEMENT WORKREPAIRING A SPECIALTY5341 S. Lake Park Ave.Telephone Dorchester 1579 promoted to the rank of professor atBates College at the beginning of thiscollege year. He is also serving as president of the Marine State Conferencefor Social Welfare 1938-39.Myron H. Vent is principal of theEmpire (Michigan) Township Schools.All schools in the township were consolidated last year due to his effortsas president of the local P. T. A. andthe cooperation of the Board of Education. Study of piano, 18 century compositions especially, and study of foreign languages fill in his spare hours.1938John J. Balanda .is working for Dr.H. M. Jones of Chicago.Richard B. Bloch, AM, is instructor of music at Central YMCA College, Chicago.Charles J. Engaard, PhD, is teaching at the University of Hawaii.Roslyn Fleishman is working atMichael Reese Hospital.Wilfred R. Foster spent part ofsummer at the Aldermac mine nearNoranda, Quebec, in field studies whichwill form the basis of his doctor's dissertation.John F. Gall, PhD Cand., has goneto Philadelphia to take a position withthe Pennsylvania Salt ManufacturingCompany.Ethel Goldberg, PhD, has a position in the Chicago Public Schools.Albert G. Guy has a job with Wyman Gordon Co., Harvey, 111.Maurice E. Kirby and Chas. L.Golder, working for the U. S. Engineers this summer and fall, have beensent to Fort Peck, Montana, to assistin the investigation of the huge earthslide which occurred at the dam thereon September 22. During the summer they were joined in the field byDr. W. W. Wetzel and aided him incarrying on some resistivity surveys,Kirby plans to return to school afterChristmas.Lillian Schoen is now assistantdirector of the Federal Theatre for theMiddlewest.Ralph Slutkin is now employed bythe Western Adhesives Co., Chicago.David C. Spaulding, PhD, recentlyaccepted a position with du Pont Company in Buffalo, N. Y.Henry W. Walten, PhD, is nowconnected with Wishnick - TumpeerCompany, 295 Madison Avenue, NewYork.RUSH1888Charles D. Thomas writes fromPeoria, Illinois, where he has long beenactive in medical circles. He is a pastpresident of the Peoria E. E. Nose andThroat Society of the North CentralIllinois Medical Society, and of the Peoria Medical Society, and is a fellowof the American College of Surgeons.He has been associated with the RockIsland Railway System as eye and earsurgeon and is the consulting eye and ear surgeon for the U. S. Pension De.partment. He mentions his son, Capt,Paul K. Thomas.1894Dr. and Mrs. Frank E. Wiedemannof Terre Haute, Indiana, will leave soonfor New Orleans, Louisiana, where Dr.Wiedemann will do graduate work inthe medical department of Tulane Uni-versity for several months.1899Clark Black writes from his homeat 1734 N. E. Tillamook, Portland, Oregon.1903George Forstner Harding, physician and surgeon, maintains his officeat 327 Wilshire Boulevard, and lives at837 Fifth Street, Santa Monica, Calif.1908Guy L. Bliss' practice in LongBeach, Calif., is limited to pediatrics.In addition to his membership in theAmerican Academy of Pediatrics,American Board of Pediatrics andSouthwestern Pediatric Society, he isa member of the American College ofPhysicians and Surgeons, as well asthe A. M. A.Orlando F. Scott, '06, director ofthe National Detection of DeceptionLaboratories of Chicago, reports thathis work has been for many years inthe specialty of medico-legal matters.As a hobby he began working with liedetector equipment about six years agorealizing its importance in industrialwork. Since starting this hobby research he has perfected the blood-pressure type of measurement and in addition they have developed brain wave"measurements in the detecting of deception. Already they have obtainedadmission in twenty courts of record inthree states, New York, Illinois, andMichigan. The Insurance Broker forDecember, 1938, carried an interestingarticle by Dr. Scott on "Getting at theTruth About False Claims," while thereport, by Edward Minetor in TheEastern Underwriter for September 6,1938, on what is being achieved^ todayin lie detection and of the circumstances under which these devices canbe used effectively, pays high praise toDr. Scott for his outstanding work inthis field.1911Cecil Floyd Charlton, physician,practices in Pasadena, Calif., at 65 N.Madison.1912Fred W. Gaarde, TO, is still at MayoClinic and engaged in some teachingin the postgraduate medical school ofthe University of Minnesota. His olderson graduated last June from the University' of Minnesota and is now inmedical school.W. F. Hewitt, '08, obstetrician andgynecologist with offices at 55 EastWashington Street and a member of thestaff of the Illinois Central and ChicagoMemorial Hospitals, has four children,the youngest being 5 and the oldest 1"THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 31PRINTERSCLARKE-McELROYPUBLISHING CO.6140 Cottage Grove AvenueMidway 3935(tGood Printing of All Descriptions"PUBLISHERSBOOK MANUSCRIPTSWanted— All subjects, for Immediate publication. Booklet sent free.Meador Publishing Co.334 Newbury St., Boston, Mass.REAL ESTATEBROKERAGE MORTGAGESTHEBILLS CORPORATIONBenjamin F. Bills, '12, ChairmanEVERYTHING IN REAL ESTATE134 S. La Salle St. State 0266MANAGEMENT INSURANCERESTAURANTSMISS LINDQUIST'S CAFE5540 Hyde Park Blvd.GOOD FOOD— MODERATE PRICESA place to meet in large and small groups.Private card rooms.Telephone Midway 7809in the Broadview HotelThe Best Place to Eat on the South Side(M^>r_ ¦*i:i4M:*x*]0COLONIAL "RESTAURANT6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone Hyde Park 6324l*aK(«liHB<4:RIDING CLUBPhone Dorchester 0941UNIVERSITY RIDING CLUBHORSES BOARDED AND FOR SALEWE GUARANTEE PEOPLE TO BESATISFIED WITH OUR INSTRUCTIONSOR NO CHARGEW. S. Parker, Mgr.6105 University Ave.ROOFERSBECKERAll types of RoofingHome InsulatingAll over Chicago and suburbs.Brunswick 2900 1916John Vruwink, '14, is located inLos Angeles doing obstetrics and gynecology.1918Herbert Harvey Christensen ofWausau, Wis., was admitted into theCollege of Surgeons at the meeting heldin New York the middle of October.1919Ear, eye, nose and throat specialist isRichard Cotter Gamble, '17, whocommutes daily to his office at 30North Michigan Ave., Chicago, fromPark Ridge, Illinois.1921Robert Earl Grogan practices medicine and surgery in Los Angeles andis on the staff of the Los Angeles General Hospital. He has three children,Evelyn 13, Carolyn 10, Wayne 6, andMarilyn 4.1923Practicing medicine and raising afamily occupies Clarence F. G. Brown'stime. He maintains his office at 122S. Michigan, Chicago.1924John P. Pieroth, 1609 Peach Court,Seattle, Washington, is a surgeon atthe Bridge Clinic there.1928R. C. Carrell, '24, completed his internship at Cook County Hospital in1930 and at Augustana Hospital histwo years as surgical resident in 1932.Then he married Ruth MargueriteCheney and went to Aruba, NetherlandsWest Indies, in March, 1932, where heis physician and surgeon for the LagoOil and Transport Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Standard Oil Company ofNew Jersey. This company maintainsone of the largest gasoline refineriesin the world on this rather small islandoff the coast of Venezuela. The oil allcomes from Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, and the finished products areshipped chiefly to Europe. There isan American colony of 500 families plussome 500 bachelors — all living in anot-too-small city built and maintainedby the company within its fenced-inconcession.1933Samuel Garrick has set up his officeat 4140 South Halsted Street, Chicago.1936Howard Bennett Hamilton, physician and surgeon, is connected withthe Medical Department of Armour andCompany, Chicago.SOCIAL SERVICEAt the annual meeting of the American Public Welfare Association inWashington, D. C, December 9, formerstudents of the School who were attending the meeting, many of whomwere working in the vicinity of Washington, held an informal reception forMiss Abbott and Miss Breckinridge.The Social Security Board, the U. S.Children's Bureau, Washington SocialAgencies and the Public Welfare De- ROOFERS (Cont.)RE-ROOFING — REPAIRINGGROVEROOFINGFAirfax3206Gilliland6644COTlAfiE6ROVEAv7INSULATINGRUGSAshjian Bros., inc.ESTABLISHED 1921Oriental and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED2313 E. 71st St. Phone Dor. 0009SHEET METAL WORKSECONOMY SHEET METAL WORKS•Galvanized Iron and Copper CornicesSkylights, Gutters, Down SpoutsTile, Slate and Asbestos Roofing•1927 MELROSE STREETBuckingham 1893STOCKS— BONDS—COMMODITIESP. H. Davis, 'II. H. I. Markham, 'Ex. '06R. W. Davis, '16 W. M. Giblin, '23F. B. Evans, 'IIPaul H. Davis & Co.MembersNew York Stock ExchangeChicago Stock ExchangeChicago Board of Trade10 So. La Salle St. Franklin 8622SWEATERSGENUINE ATHLETIC SWEATERSSweaters and Emblems Made to OrderENGLEWOOD KNITTING MILLS6643 S. Halsted Street Wentworth 5920-21Established over one quarter of a centuryTEACHERS' AGENCIESAlbert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau formen and women in all kinds of teachingpositions. Large and alert College andState Teachers' College departments! forDoctors and Masters; forty per cent of ourbusiness. Critic and Grade Supervisors forNormal Schools placed every year in largenumbers; excellent opportunities. Specialteachers of Home Economics, Business Administration, Music, and Art, secure finepositions through us every year. PrivateSchools in all parts of the country amongour best patrons; good salaries. Well prepared High School teachers wanted for cityand suburban High Schools. Special manager handles Grade and Critic work. Sendfor folder today.32 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINETEACHERS' AGENCIES (Cont.)AMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. Jackson BoulevardChicagoA Bureau of Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field.It is affiliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.CLARK-BREWERTeachers Agency57th YearNationwide ServiceFive Offices — One FeeCHICAGO. MINNEAPOLISKANSAS CITY, MO. SPOKANENEW YORKHUGHES TEACHERS AGENCY25 E. JACKSON BLVD.Telephone Harrison 7793Chicago, III.Member National Associationof Teachers AgenciesWe Enjoy a Very Fine High School, Normal School,College and University PatronagePaul Yatesjfates-Fisher Teachers' Agenc fEstablished 1906616 South Michigan Ave., ChicagoUNDERTAKERSBOYDSTON BROS., INC.UNDERTAKERSSince 18924227-29-31 Cottage Grove Ave.All Phones OAKIand 0492UNIFORMSTailored Uniforms Made to MeasureWomen Doctors and Nurses, Stock sizeInterne SuitsANEDA McSWEENY1910 So. Ogden AvenueSEEley 3734 Evenings by AppointmentVENTILATINGThe Haines CompanyVentilating and Air ConditioningContractors1929-1937 West Lake St.Phones Seeley 2765-2766-2767 partments of Maryland, Virginia andWest Virginia were all well represented.Many students visited at the University en route to the meeting andsome of them were able to give timeto speak to the classes. Florence L.Sullivan, AM '32, and Aleta Brownlee, AM '30, who are now consultantsin the Child Welfare Service Divisionof the Children's Bureau, and RobertW. Beasley, AM '33, of the SocialSecurity Board, spoke to classes inChild Welfare and Public Welfare.Two other alumae, Mildred Arnold,director of the Child Welfare Divisionof the state of Indiana, and IoneAgnew of the Child Welfare Divisionof the State of Illinois, have recentlyspoken to the Child Welfare classes.A new edition of Miss Breckinridge'sPublic Welfare Administration: SelectDocuments has recently come from thePress. Miss Breckinridge has added asection of recent documents.At the annual meeting of thd IllinoisConference of Social Work, held October 31 -November 3, Edith Abbott waselected president for the year 1939.The following students have madechanges in their positions :Geneva Feamon, AM '36, has leftthe Family Welfare Society of Indianapolis to go with the Division of Medical Care, State Department of PublicWelfare of Indiana.Florence Walker, AM '36, hastaken a position as case worker at theChicago Y. W. C. A.Amorette Freese, AM '38, has takena position with the Social Service Department of the University Hospitals,Cleveland, Ohio.Jane Loewenstein, AM '38, hasgone to the Children's Bureau in Indianapolis, Indiana.Sophie Belle Clark, AM '38, hasjoined the staff of the Crippled Children's Division of Texas.Mary Elizabeth Gunn, AM '38,has taken a position in the Child Welfare Division of the Oklahoma Department of Public Welfare at Stillwater.Ramona T. Kosch, AM '38, hasgone to the Social Service Departmentof the Colorado General Hospital atDenver.Marion A. Laird, AM '38, has takena position with the Child-Placing Department of the Chicago Home for theFriendless.Mary O. Forney, AM '38, has leftthe Indiana Children's Bureau to takea position with the Children's Divisionof the State of Indiana, working in ademonstration county of the Child Welfare Services.ENGAGEDWayne Emerson Rapp, '34, to MaryLouise Williams of Cleveland, Ohio.MARRIEDJames Bruce Ross, AM '27, PhD'34, to Howard Kennedy Beale, '21,on December 26 in Chicago. At homeafter June 15, Maple Terrace, Thetford,Vermont. Ella Marks, '24, to Ralph F. Stitt'28, on September 3, 1938; at home7337 Coles Avenue, Chicago.Prudence Wolf, '28, to Igor A,Allan on November 26; at home, 8106Kenton Avenue, Niles Center, 111.Helen Prosser, '30, to RalphBowersox, '33, SM '34, PhD '38, onDecember 10 in Chicago.Laurence Brundall, '35, to FrancesC. Crawford on Christmas Day, 1938at Laredo, Texas.Vic E. Peterson, GS '37, to ElinorHodgson of Logan, Utah. They areliving in Oklahoma City, where Vic isworking with the Magnolia PetroleumCo.Phyllis Morley, AM '38, to Richard Graham Flood, on December 3,To Mr. and Mrs. Wendell R. Phillips(Faith Strayer, AM '29) a sonHoward William, May 8, 1938, Tulsa,Oklahoma.To Robert Todd McKinlay, '29, JD'32, and Mrs. McKinlay (HelenEaton, '31) a son, Robert Todd, Jr.,December 11, Chicago.To H. W. Straley, III, '33, andMrs. Straley (Garnet Brammer, '29)of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, a sonon September 6.To Donald E. Bellstrom, '35, andMrs. Bellstrom (Ruth K. Strine, 31,AM '33) a son, Stephen Kyrk, on November 9, 1938.To Howard Bennett Hamilton,MD '36, and Mrs. Hamilton, a son,Howard Bennett Hamilton, Jr., at theIllinois Central Hospital, Chicago, onDecember 6.To Anders M. Myhrman, PhD '37,and Mrs. Myhrman of Lewiston, Maine,their second child, a boy, Matts Anderson, on July 15.DIEDAmos W. Troupe, MD '84, for morethan fifty years a surgeon for the St.Louis Southwestern Railway, wasfatally injured on November 21 whenstruck by an automobile in front of hishome in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. He was82 years of age.Mrs. Rachel C. Eaton, AM '11,PhD '19, September 20 at her home inClaremore, Okla.Goldie Applegate, AM '29, teacherat the Lincoln (Nebraska) High Schoolsince 1920, on December 1.Forrest Alexander Kerr, PhD '29,was killed in a motor accident in Oregon on August 20. Engaged in geological work mainly in Western Canadafor the Canadian Geological Surveysince 1925, he had for the last twoyears been doing consulting work inmining geology.Donald MacMurray, '36, who established a record under the New Planby completing all requirements for thebachelor's degree in nine months ofstudy at the Midway, died on December3 of cancer in New York City. After ayear at Columbia doing graduate studyin pyschology, he reentered Chicagofor work in law but six months laterbecame ill and returned to New York.They can't talk thosetelephones to death. . . because Bell telephonescan "take it33Every piece of apparatus used in making a telephonecall must pass many tests at Western Electric, themanufacturing unit of the Bell System.These tests begin with the raw materials and arecarried through each stage of manufacture. Theyrange from simple visual inspections to complicatedchemical, electrical and mechanical tests.And that helps to explain why your Bell telephone doesn't "let you down." A Western Electric machine which puts telephonesthrough their paces. Here representative samples receivea test which, in a few weeks, is equivalent to a lifetimeof actual service.Western Electric . . . made yourBELL TELEPHONE^^^"¦r-»- :'.<:<¦¦¦:..¦ ^0r-: if..-^*¥^MY NEW YE RESOLUTIONFOR MORE PLEASURECopyright 1939, Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co.