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Its Solid Steel one-pieceTurret Top Body — found onlg on this one low-priced car — surrounds passengers with the safety of steel. And an equally exclusive Fisher No Draft Ventilation System protects health bg givingpassengers individually controlled ventilation without drafts.You are entitled to ALL these features in your new car; safe drivingdemands their presence; and you can get them, at low prices, onlyin the new 1936 Chevrolet.Give your family one of these new Chevrolets and you will begiving them the safest motor car that money can buy!CHEVROLET MOTOR COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGANCHEVROLETA GENERAL MOTORS VALUETHE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEPUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI COUNCILCharlton T. Beck, '04 Howard P. Hudson, '35Editor and Business Manager Associate EditorFred B. Millett, PhD '31; John P. Howe, '27; William V. Morgenstern, '29, JD '22Contributing EditorsMilton E. Robinson, Jr., 11, JD '13; Louise Norton Swain, '09, AM '16; John J. McDonough, '28Council Committee on PublicationsTHIS is a gala issue and one thatshould prove valuable in lateryears. For Philip Schuyler Allen,longtime professor of German, starfootball player of the nineties, andone of the great personalities oncampus has written an exclusive article, an episode out of his memoirswhich have been long awaited. Although Phil Allen is a scholar of international repute, he is best knownon campus as an expert raconteur, areally entertaining story teller. ADaily Maroon columnist once jestedthat Phil Allen must have been at thekeyhole of every conference on campus ; certainly his many associationswith the great at the University havegiven him a rich background of loreto know whereof he speaks. His article on Football in the Nineties is acolorful contribution to the history ofthe University, and one that may giveyou a new outlook on those picturesque days. Oldtimers will chuckleonce more over forgotten episodes,and younger men will realize that lifein the little Baptist school of thenineties was not always staid andstern. And perhaps the LaSalleStreet Coaching Staff will gain somepointers as to why Chicago had championship teams in those days.Speaking of the old days remindsus of reunion. Plans are being directed by Milton E. Robinson, Jr. '11,to make the June gathering more thanthe biggest in history. "The biggestand best" is old stuff to alumni, butthis year's conclave will be different,very different, we assure you. Already the Alumni Bulletin has toldof early plans for the Alumni School,the biggest brainstorm in any alumni N THIS ISSUEreunion anywhere. Just another example of University leadership thatyou may read about on page 20.•And speaking of brainstorms bringsus Harry Swanson. . Not only a biggun but big noise of the LaSalle StreetCoachers, he plays perfectly the roleof the University's "best critic." Acid,acrimonious, assailer Swanson is always on hand when two or morealumni gather together, and it is arare tribute to him that his entranceis almost universally greeted bywhole-hearted and determined audiblegroans. Some explain Harry Swanson as a Marine lieutenant who neverwas quite demobilized, but the majority has given up explaining longago. No one, however, will fail togrant that he has a point in his Maga-TABLE OF CONTENTSAPRIL, 1936PageFootball in Ninety-Five, PhilipSchuyler Allen 3The New Plan in Medical Education, Normand L. Hoerr 9Fascist and Furious. 11Man : Learning to Know or Learning to Use? Wells D. Burnette 12Latitude for Aptitude, Harry R.Swanson 16Alumni Authors 17Rush Commencement 17In My Opinion, Fred B. Millett 18New Styles in Alumni ReunionsFeatured in June, Milton E. Robinson, Jr 20MUSTACHERS AND OTHER EVIDENCESof Spring, Howard W. Mort 22College Association Nominations.. 23News of the Quadrangles, John P.Howe 24It Was Too Life! James Weber Linn. 27Athletics, William V. Morgenstern. . 28News of the Classes 30 sine article this month, Latitude forAptitude, radical and red though itis. And shocking those this may beto most alumni, he even has the germof a good idea which he expresseswith no little finesse.•Normand Hoerr, assistant professor of Anatomy is one of the talentedyoung men produced by the southside medical school. He writes acritical and entertaining article onthe experiments in teaching that arenow in progress at Billings. Both theSouth Side school and Rush MedicalCollege are making energetic effortsfor Reunion and details are in thisissue.One of the star departments, andunfortunately one of the forgotten departments of the University is Psychology. Stranded in a delapidatedbuilding just off the main quadrangle,it has worked quietly and effectively,so that Embree awarded it a top ranking in his report of university departments throughout the country. WellsD. Burnette writes of the brilliantschool, founded by Dewey and Angell,grudging parent of John B. Watson,and proud possessor of Harvey Carr.•William Morgenstern, publicity director of the University, returns tothe campus and the Magazine aftera long absence. He will write his oldcolumn Athletics, and John Howewill once more write News of theQuadrangles.John Roberts scores again withthe cover design.the University of Chicago Magazine,PHILIP SCHUYLER ALLENGift of President's Offio*VOLUME XXVIII THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINE NUMBER 6APRIL, 1936FOOTBALL IN NINETY- FIVEBy PHILIP S. ALLEN, PhD'97, Professor of German LiteratureALTHOUGH I was not then conscious of it, myirresponsible boyhood was on the wane by theend of the year 1895. Meanwhile, mine werethe joys that forever accompany youth and enthusiasm.My nearest comrades as the summer days drew on were,naturally enough, members of the athletic clan like NottFlint and Fred Nichols, Ikey Clarke and Henry Gale,Scott Brown and Teddy Linn. I was but little olderthan they and filled with admiration for the ease withwhich they created and guided college spirit. Theywould have been emergent figures in any undergraduatebody.So I was secretly pleased but puzzled by a certainvague respect they paid my poor opinions and my tallyarns. I soon discovered the reason for this jejunedeference of theirs— I had studied abroad, played football against figures famous in the annals of sport, hadtaught school, was married to a beautiful and intelligentgirl, was looking after my father's extensive estate, possessed an incipient swagger they had not yet quite acquired, was on the staff of the graduate school no matter how humbly, and could and did raise a formidablebeard by the simple process of going unshaved for tendays.How deceptive appearances to untutored eyes! Ihad not studied abroad, I had loafed and wasted mysubstance in careless living. Every time I had opposedan honest-to-god footballer, I had been scared enoughto run home to mamma. I had not taught school, Ihad bluffed my way cheaply through it. I was married, to be sure, but was still a heartless egotist andunacquainted with the duties entailed by that estate.My father's houses and lands and apartment buildingsloomed large to view, but they were all mortgaged abovethe eyebrows.The one thing about me as real as my comradesconsidered it, was my beard. But there was a meretricious aspect to this facial growth unrecognized bymost of them. How could they know it was no fit symbol of a mellowing mind but only a despairing attemptto camouflage the last days of a spiritual boyhood. Evenmy wife saw through it to the innocent thing behind.Can you too penetrate the disguise of Young Hawk-shaw the detective? (See picture next page) Beardmarks the spot. Second to the left of this hair-raising face sitsCharles Allen imitating youthful naivete. Why, thewar-horse reeked with age ! He had been playing football since the Seminole War, His training in both departments of the sport — talking and scrapping — had beenthorough. Loose argument he had learned in divinityschools by studying Homiletics, or the art of leading-men hither and yon through unrelated but inflammatorydiscourse. Scrapping he had acquired in a stone-quarryin southern Pennsylvania where he was boss of twohundred Wops and eighty emigrants from County Con-naught. So Charles could handle pidgin English beautifully and speak with no uncertain meaning. WhenChicago was in possession of the ball, War Horsewould often address his immediate opponents to sucheffect that four or five of them would try to end hislife so unobtrusively that the umpire would not noticeit. Meanwhile we would basely abandon these opponents to Charles and slip over long runs and occasionaltouchdowns. Then we would bethink ourselves of theirimpending fate and run back to pull Charles off them.At such moments we found him always withholding andmerciful.At the left of War Horse sits not Torquemada theInquisitor, as the picture would have us believe, buta man of loud silences, known to his mother as AddisonEwing, but to us as Gabby. Often he did not speak aword for days, only muttering a few numerals nowand then to keep his vocal chords from atrophy. Suchnumerals were football signals, and Ad was our quarterback. He roomed in South Divinity 136 with CharlesAllen, and it was with them that the team spent itsmornings over beer, tobacco, and somnolent talk. Itnever occurred to us to train for our work, and we installed a "training table" mainly because we got goodfood without charge and had to eat somewhere. During the first weeks of the season Staggy was house-boundwith typhoid fever and unable to function as coach — thisaccounts for the dolce far niente of our attitude. Whenthere was a game to play, we just went out and played it.Except for a staved-in chest acquired in mid-season,Ad would certainly have finished first among the quarters of his year. How he ever got the upper half ofhis facade attached to his backbone remained a mysteryto everyone but Ad, and he did not think the thing was34 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe Famous Champion Team of Ninety-five Caught in an Informal Pose. A. A. Stagg (first on the left in the middle row) and Henry Gordon Sale (fourth from the left in the same row), are two of the "greats" figuring with Phil Allen (to the right of Gale) in this narrative.See page 3 for the others.worth talking about. Some heavy person must havejumped on him two or three times. This took our first-string quarter off to a hospital, and thereafter it wasIkey Clarke's head which reposed uneasily on the continuation of my back.Another mysterious ailment that slowed up ourgame somewhat was Carr Neal's disappearing knee-cap.Carr is the earnest, astigmatic boy up in the northwestof the picture. He wore spectacles during the game.Whenever one of our opponents suffered injury and timewas taken out, Carr would sit down and put his patellaback where it belonged. The signal for passing theball was never given until we had all looked around atour fullback and made sure he had not dropped thething somewhere. When Carr had the cap on his knee,he had probably lost his glasses and, being short ofsight, he never could tell quite how far to run withoutpassing his enemy's goal line. Many a touchdown wemissed at an important stage of play, because Carr ranas far as he could see with his naked eye and then putthe ball down.To the right of Neal is Chuck Robey. PerhapsChuck was not as strong as his padded shoulders wouldlead you to believe, but he did not tire easily. Whenhe was given the ball to advance he went about thematter deliberately. First he picked out his objective point, invariably a spot where two or three of the opponents were waiting for him. Then he dealt leisurelybut effectively with the man across from him in the line,so that there would be no difficulty about starting.Only then did he take the ball and begin. Chuck traveledfairly fast when on his feet, when brought to his kneeshe was still going, when his face hit the dirt he tookon a snail-like progression, and when sat upon by a committee of the enemy he would flatten out and roll awhile.When he got what he thought was coming to him herested, but he could not bear to be still long, and attimes like the man sick of the palsy he arose and walked.By the time he was all through the referee had invariablyforgotten what the last down was, unless he was a manof exceptionally retentive memory.Little Nott William Flint who occupies the middleof the top row used to be a fairly tall man before heundertook the travail of theme correction in the Englishdepartment. Thereafter he began to shrink down and inuntil in 1895 he was only 6 feet 3 inches and weigheda negligible 220 pounds. So we made him end-rushto fill our line out acceptably. When Nott tackled aninterloper on his end, he absorbed him so completelythat it looked as if we were playing against only tenmen. And when the man with the ball was finallydetached from the inmost recesses of Nott William, heTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 5invariably heaved a sigh of deep relief, like a man whohas barely escaped destruction. Nott's lungs were sobig that he could not keep them filled with air evenif he breathed through his mouth and his nose at thesame time, and the resultant lack of wind made himat times a bit slow to get down the field on a kick. Inone game the umpire actually called Flint off-side because he thought our end-rush was starting down on asecond kick, instead of following down on the precedingone. But we sent War Horse in to convert the umpire,and peace was again established,Next in line to Flint is Bill Rullkoetter, a guard.It would be unfair to speak of him and not mentionthe gorgeous boil which crowned his head throughoutthe season of 1895 — it remained fixed like the starsin a night sky. Once a week we consulted the mostfamous surgeons in the city regarding Bill's red pompon,and they did the best they could both for him and theirown bills, but the topknot sat triumphant to the end.After a while we came to count upon it. We regarded it as a symbol like the plume of Henry ofNavarre and followed its maroon glow to more thanone victory. Bill could not run very fast, but he wasthe best man at standing still that any opponent discovered that season. Long after a play was concludedRullkoetter's vis-a-vis might be discovered over on oneside of the field trying to push Bill back. Other playerswould often get so fascinated by this sport that theywould forget to carry on the game — substitutes wouldflock on the field to aid in pushing Bill, just as a crowdof idlers will aid a man at the County Fair in his tug-of-war with a horse. Finally Bill would yield to superior numbers and take a step back.Now there was one game in which Bill needed nopushing and that was the game of poker garnished withcrackers and cheese and things. He dwelt in the mistsof the fifth floor of Middle Divinity Hall on the westside which commands an unobstructed view of SouthEnglewood and Halsted street. The first four floorsof the hall were infested by theological students,but the fifth was reserved for the unregenerate,backsliders, and Children of This World. There wasan enormous water-cooler on the first floor, from thecontents of which, after prolonged debate on doctrinalniceties, the bibs used to manufacture soothing nightcaps. Rullkoetter and I would carry this cooler up tohis room, fill it with four or five dozen beer bottles, getout the cards, and wait.Soon there would be a dull rumbling as of a caravanof trucks being driven up the great staircase, and therest of the eleven would come in. At first one or twowere missing quite regularly, attending to duties whicha bi-sexual institution made obligatory. But as timewent on and their interest in poker grew apace, courtships were laid aside, and we presented an unbrokenfront to the crackers and the water cooler. One man,a substitute, lost a very good wife because of feminineunreason. She felt, I am sure wrongly, that poker isnot all of life. A joy incident to our nightly possessionof water cooler — a joy full and deep as are few of life'spleasures — sprang from the roars of the divinity studentsdown below as they came to the cooler's vacant pedestal for their nocturnal posset. Were I organizing a chorusof citizens for a revival of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar,I should teach them to mutter and growl in the diapasonof those dead and gone bibs.Henry Gale — need I point him out as he sits sternand serene in the center of the picture, holding us alldown to our work of being photographed? Heinrichwas our right half-back, though he did not want tobe. The great Herschberger had started out in thatposition, but had been withdrawn from football by hisfamily, who rightly feared that because of his youth hemight be subject to grave injury. Our sudden lossseemed irreparable. We camped on Gale's front doorstep and wailed. Like the Regular he has always been,he sighed, cursed, grinned, and climbed back into hisold moleskins.Henry was not so rounded in those days, in factthere was little in the delicate lines of his contour topromise the ripe perfection of these later years. Whenhe unexpectedly appeared out of a huddle and starteddown the field like a kid running to a fire, he was theboy who used to make the bleachers rise right up ontheir cold feet and howl. There have been others sinceHeinrich, from Herschie and Gordon Clark and Kenand Hamill and Slaker and Gardiner and Eckie downto Berwanger; but if a physics class would only tellGale to spin them a yarn some Friday afternoon insteadof making them work — then old folk-tales of early Chicago football would be rescued from oblivion and theywould see his pale face light up with the old never-to-be-forgotten fire.At the right end of the middle row are the twogreat Varsity pitchers, Fred Nichols and Ikey Clarke.Fred was the prettiest runner who ever donned a football suit. It was only by comparing him with the menchasing him downfield that you could judge of his speed.There are two games by which I like to rememberNick, for he turned the tide of defeat in both by displaying invincible form. The more spectacular of thetwo was the Illinois game. Being injured, Nick was inhis best suit of clothes and with his best girl up in thestands. Our impending humiliation was more than hecould endure. So he ran to the gym and threw onhis war-clothes and climbed back to his place just asyoung Dickey was being carried off. Over the ropeshe came and ran the Illinois forwards literally off theirfeet. The result of the game was never in a moment'sdoubt from the first moment he appeared. The crowdrose when he started his first run and they stayed up withhim, swaying as he swayed; and silent beyond all possibility of speech as in ten sure short gains through the lineand round it Nick put the game in the bag for us bygrounding the ball behind the Illinois goal.But if that game was spectacular, it was not impossible. Our Wisconsin game could not have happenedbut it did. Twelve minutes from the start of this gameWisconsin had scored two touchdowns and kicked onegoal — ten points by the old way of scoring. The supporters of the Cardinal were saying things out loud inunison: "Oh, how easy! — Give us a game, Chicago! —Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha, ha! Chicago, Chicago, Chicago!"Six-horse tallyhos decked in their colors were being6 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEdriven furiously around the outer track by Madison enthusiasts just to chirk us up. (We never could get people to understand that it took the Ninety-five team ofthe University of Chicago fifteen or twenty minutes toget warmed up.) Well, the end of the game stoodChicago 22, Wisconsin 10.Apparently realizing that a diversion of some sortmust be immediately made to stop this losing streak,Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Sr., wired that he was giving the university three million dollars, and this newswas relayed to the football field and blazoned forth tothe stands. We got that flash just in time. Nick, stillinjured, entered the game — it has ever since been calledthe nick of time — and he and the other backs ran offwith the game for us.Professor AllenThe Thirties Stimulate HimThere is nothing remarkable in backs winning thegame, you say? Not nowadays perhaps, but there wasin '95. There were times when our backs could notbe found. We played one game without any of thefive regular backs — Neal, Ewing, Gale, Clark, Nicholsbeing hors de combat — and we romped off with thegame. Whenever we thought of it afterwards, westopped right in the middle of a hotly contested jackpotand laughed till we choked. In that game the bleacherssat patiently while we taught freshmen subs the signals, put them in at quarter, half, and full, made holesfor them, and shoved them through. It was hard work,but we went downtown and forgot it.Trips downtown?You see, Staggy was groggy with typhoid and But-terworth had not yet appeared with his famous accounting system, so we built up a gentle racket. Afterthe game was over one of us would go to the ticketseller-in-chief and tell him we were taking the gatereceipts over to Professor Stagg. When we learnedthat Lonny was too ill to be disturbed, we would continue downtown to our favorite "training table," theFrench restaurant on Clark Street. There in memorywe would play the game all over again between theroast and the bird. One of the professors, SolomonHenry Clark, bought the team a glorious meal at thisestablishment because we beat the Chicago Athletic Club eleven, and we got the habit of going there. The season closed with a financial loss, but we felt the moneyhad been wisely expended in making the team muchbetter acquainted with itself than would otherwise havebeen possible. Staggy still thinks the attendance in1895 must have been pretty slim.Ikey Clarke who took over the quarter position whenAd's chest was laid on the side lines excelled in givingsignals and in vilification. He and I used to see alot of each other, for I never snapped the ball backuntil I had poked my head through between my legsand looked up into his expressive face. The things heused to whisper to me in the hush that preceded a playI shall never divulge, nor the pet names by which headdressed me. He had an unfailing stock of these andrarely failed to adjure me by three or four of them to"get him the ball straight for once in my life."Ikey and I were never closer together than in theMinnesota game. A son of Anak named Larson andan Antaeus named Fmlayson and a Cyclops named Olaf-son smote Ikey and me many many weary times inunison, first hip and then thigh. We must have playeda good half of that long game horizontally rather thanvertically. Afterwards Ikey had a bald spot on top ofhis head where I had rubbed him on my incessant descents to Mother Earth. What is more, no secondgrowth of hair came to cover it ever afterwards. Ihad deracinated its rank luxuriance. Even today itlooks like baby taking its bath. Who has forgotten howthe westering sun used to shine on that spot when Ikeywas bending to pitch a third strike to some Michiganbatter ?Babe Williamson, the tackle who stands imposinglybehind the recumbent Ikey, dealt out fear to friend andfoe alike. The enemy disliked his windmill arms whichseized upon everything in reach. In one sense he heldthe season's record for high-class tackling — no scalp oreye-socket or open mouth could flash by him withoutbeing operated on. But in another sense Babe nevermade a tackle during 1895. Let me explain this paradox;If by tackling one means seizing a runner somewhere between his cleats and his pneumogastric nerve,then we must read Babe out, for in all his years ofplay he never once got an opponent within the sectorabove mentioned. But if by tackling one means stoppinga runner and spearing him into the ground right wherehe happens to be, then Babe never missed once. Hissense of direction was inexact but his force was undeniable, and one man — a Minnesota halfback — whose earhad twice been successfully loosened by Babe's fumbling clutch yelled "Down" every time the latter raiseda finger at him. The fear we members of the hometeam had of Williamson was that he would strike upfor the thousandth time in our presence that awful ballad known as The Fatal Wedding.The old game and the joy of it ! The absolute certainty that you could never hope to leave the field wholewas a talisman against worry. No tremors before agame, just a mild curiosity as to which part of you wouldhave to be re-attached in the gymnasium later on. Sometimes one didn't even bother to wait for this adjust-THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 7ment if some unimportant organ was merely brokenor pendulous — particularly when one's mind was onthe water-cooler up in Rullkoetter's room. As an example, let me cite our captain's nose:War Horse never could teach the dumb scrubs thesignals, and many a misplay followed. One day a dumbscrub emerged from space which he should not havebeen occupying and broke Allen's nose, so that it tookon a south-southwesterly slant and balanced above theright end of his moustache. We advised prompt surgical attention, but War Horse scouted the suggestion.He would have turned up his nose at it, only his nosewould no longer turn. He leaned his head against thewater-cooler and placidly pulled at his pipe for a while.Then he said, "Some dumb scrub will be around beforelong and knock the old snozzle back into shape, if thedarn thing hangs on for a couple of weeks." And theprophecy was fulfilled. A new man from the left endobligingly met Allen in full career one afternoon andwhen the smoke of conflict cleared away, lo, the nosewas perpendicular again. If you don't believe this story,consult the picture. No other evidence exists, for thescrub who was party to the collison was invalided homethat night.Football armor became general the following year.We had seen various parts of it such as greaves, coatof mail, cuirass, helmet, and spoke of these things withbated breath as men spoke of the first steamboat ortelegraph, but we never used any of them. Occasionallywe would catch a visiting opponent with nose-guard onand would rap on it to see if it was hollow. Or wewould pound on a head-piece for a while to see if itwas occupied by something. But it was decided that oldcodgers like ourselves had better not go in for newfallals and devices. I remember the first really prettysuits of mail we ever looked upon — tailored, chic, fitfor Peacock Alley anywhere — Van Duser and Potterof Northwestern were inside of them."Let's get them all dirty," said War Horse. "Fellaslike that can't play in this here Beggars Opera."Northwestern had already given us a drubbing thatseason. Lord Harry, how they beat us and rubbed itin. And after that first game they had gone back tothe Life Saving Station and eaten ice-cream and hadred fire and speeches. And all the pretty girls embraced them and said original things like "my hero!"We almost thought we should never hear the last ofit. By the end of a week we grew tired of sneakingaround campus explaining things, and so we gave uppoker and crackers and cheese — keeping up only maltdrinks for our tummy's sake and tobacco for our nerves— and settled down to practice.We found we really could warm up the old bonesa bit and play the game after all. People watched usscurrying about on Marshall Field and began again tobelieve in us — everybody but Northwestern, and youhonestly couldn't blame them for being skeptical. Well,we practiced too hard, and the afternoon before the second Northwestern game found us stiff and sore andprey to all the ills football is heir to : Flint had a charley-horse, the relatives of Rullkoetter's boil had come tovisit him, Williamson sported a Colley's fracture, and so on down the line. But meanwhile the heavens hadopened and sent us in our hour of need a new mannamed Lowney or Looney — there's not a man in Chicago today knows how to spell his name. And thisman, with the rest of us playing chorus, won the gamehands down, too easy — Northwestern got inside our25-yard line once in an hour and ten minutes. Webooted them out in five seconds. Then they grew suddenly tired. And no wonder!For they had hired and decorated a hall in whichto celebrate their second victory over Chicago. Themayor of Evanston had written a poem about it. Refreshments were ordered. The chief of police hadgranted permission for the firing of ordnance at regularintervals until midnight. (The cannon were in fullview as we played the game.) Girls had their haircurled before coming to the field, in order not to belate at the dance and festivities which were to climaxtheir Roman holiday. And there they sat about us agingvisibly as their last chance of victory paled and fadedquite from view. We felt crestfallen and ashamed, likethieves.One more game and we are through with footballin ninety-five. It was the worst game of the season,although we won it, and I never suffered such soul-searing anguish in my life as that which overtook me inCleveland while playing Adelbert. Thereby hangs atale which readers with sensitive nerves will do well toavoid. It follows:October 27th I received a telegram from Brooklynstating that a girl child had been born to my wife andme. For the first time I knew what it was to feel likea god.I was transported with joy. But I also had to betransported by train to Brooklyn, and my wife had allmy money, such as it was. Here was a problem to betaken up, but meanwhile I must play the Wisconsingame, for there was no substitute for my position. Themorning after this game I came over on campus lookingfor Staggy. I found him in the old rattletrap of a gymnasium with the receipts of the previous day's gamespread out on long tables before him, neatly arrangedAuthor Allen". . . The old team. Vivat, crescat, floreat!THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEin stacks of $100 each. When in need of money, gowhere money is, I had been advised. Well, here Iwas, Lafayette. I told Staggy of the telegram. Hecongratulated me. Sparring for wind."Lonny," I said, "I'm going down to Brooklyn.Starting now.""All right, Phil. Remember we play in Clevelandnext Saturday. Be there Friday night before to getyour sleep. And you'll keep in good training?""Sure," I said, idly picking up a stack of billsin either hand and edging toward the door. So long,old boy."At first the football mentor paid slight attentionto my action, for the team was always pulling adolescentnonsense of one sort or another on him. But when hesaw me vanish through the door with two hundred ofhis precious dollars he took after me. I ran, he ranfaster, so did I, then he did too — in a cross-countryhounds and hare we would both have won dead-heat.But suddenly I heard the pounding of Lonny's hoofsno longer. I looked over my shoulder. He was standing still, chewing the knuckle of his right thumb, asign that he had just been struck by a heavy thought.It flashed on me what it was : "I have left forty thousanddollars behind me in an unguarded room with its dooropen wide" — and he turned and retreated as fast as he hadcome. I caught the ten-thirty at 63rd street by aneyelash.In Brooklyn for four days I could be detached onlyby violence from the bedside of my wife and firstborn.Thursday night I should have started for Cleveland, butfound myself suggesting a restaurant and theater to mysisters-in-law. Theater turned out to be a bit swagger,and I the sole lad not in evening dress. Even Brooklynis slowly mounting from the depths, I thought."Hamilton Club party," said Monnie, noting myconfusion."Don't let them argue you into staying over," saidLillil.Scarce were the words spoken when the leopardsstarted for me — it was intermission after the first act."Why the devil" and "Where'd you come from?" and"You've got a date with brother Joe's crowd tomorrow"and other suggestions and reproaches for not letting mypresence in their midst be known. Futile explanations onmy part. Swept aside.I awoke at eleven o'clock Saturday morning. Iseemed to be in motion. Casual examination showedme to be in a Pullman berth. The porter told me Ireached Cleveland at 12:55 and the train was on time.I spent the next two hours in trying to stage a returnfrom the grave but without notable success. Yesterday'sparty had apparently been a performance and not justa rehearsal. Outside the rain was coming down insheets. "Been doing this for three days solid," I heardthe man in the next section say gloomily.I could envision the football field — if the peltingrain did not stop soon, Lake Erie would have a newharbor in the center of Cleveland. I could see the SportsSpecial of the evening paper : "Visiting football playerdrowns. His body has not yet been recovered." Well,better so than to continue life on its present basis. Por ter, get me a double bourbon.I shall never forget the sardonic look War Horsehanded Staggy when the latter asked chirpily on myarrival at the Hollenden, "Did you keep in trainingPhil?"Staggy was nearer death at that instant than heever realized.The placards stated that we were playing againstAdelbert College but that was an understatement. Asa matter of cold rain-soaked fact, we were playing againstthe state of Ohio and one blacksmith from Cedar Rapids.The importation of this person to be my opposite almost entertained me, for a fly could have bowled me overthat afternoon by merely sticking his tongue out at me.Adelbert had gathered together as good a professional team as money and effort could achieve. Wewere careless and cocky and frozen and oozy, for thefield was a swimming pool and the driving rain wasmaking it a lagoon. Adelbert — I use this name purelyfor convenience, the State of Ohio would be more precise — crossed our line three times in the first half butwithout scoring, for through nervousness they droppedthe ball and fumbled generally. Once War Horse persuaded the umpire that a horrid foul had been committedon his person just before their third run to touchdown,offering his tortuous nose in evidence. The umpireviewed Allen's strange proboscis for a moment and thengave judgment. Who would not have done the same?Finally we sat down in a puddle large enough toaccommodate eleven people and had a bull session.Allen opened the meeting with his golf vocabulary, Robeygave his obscene impressions of the team as whole, andIkey used the vocabulary learned as a child in a slightlyprofane logging camp. But even this effort came tonaught. If possible we played worse than before. Whatto do? What to do?At last we got an undeserved break. Just beforethe last half was over, the ball got free and boundedinto a minature lake. Twenty-two men were hot on itstrail and went in after it, wriggling about like a schoolof porpoises. In a few seconds they were all on theirfeet again except War Horse who lay and blinked upat the sky as if he were about to expire.I leaned over him anxiously. "Tell papa," I whispered, "are you hurt bad.""Not yet," gasped War Horse, "but I may be anymoment now. Do you know what kind of fish theystocked this lake with?""Course not. Why?""Something's stuck to the seat of my pants. Itfeels like a bullhead or a snapping turle. If I move itmay bite me."But it turned out to be the ball, and we made atouchdown of it.. . . The old team. To its memory. Vivat, crescat,floreat !We kept rubbers and arnica for the substitutes in1895. The poor subs got no other chance of warmingup, having spent an hour and a half on the side lineswaiting for the call to go in and show their stuff — acall that never came. So after the ball was over the(Continued on Page 23)THE NEW PLAN IN MEDICALEDUCATION• By NORMAND L. HOERR, PhD'29, MD U. of C.'3IBILLINGS HOSPITAL opened its doors to patients in the autumn of 1927. At the same timea few students were registered for clinical instruction, and somewhat less than two years later, thefirst graduate, Sylvia Holton Bensley, received herdiploma from the south side medical school, officiallyknown as "The Medical School of the Division of Biological Sciences of the University of Chicago." (Willsome charitable person please suggest a shorter name?)During the past seven years the list of graduates hasincreased to 144, of whom four have died.At the present time the clinical departments admit45 students to the junior class in medicine. Althoughfor some years to come facilities can be provided for amaximum number of 45 juniors, 50 to 60 sophomoresapply annually for admission and the assumption is reasonable that the south side clinical school is now a goingconcern, and has become organized enough for us to takeinventory. What were the reasons for starting a newmedical school, and are the original purposes being approximated ?The main thesis of the new school as far as teachingwas concerned was that the student should teach himself under supervision, "to learn by doing." His teachers, or rather guides, were to be full-time members ofthe faculty, caring for patients, teaching, and prosecutingresearch. The student during his third year of medicalstudy was to be a clinical clerk or extern, spending allhis time in the hospital, evenings as well as days, as akind of junior intern. In his fourth year the student wasto be given an introduction to various specialties andto receive practical training in the out-patient departments. In this year he was to have enough free timeto do research upon some problem, so that for his degreehe would be able to submit "a real contribution to medical knowledge." There was to be an absolute minimumof formal teaching, the main responsibility for his training to be placed upon the student himself. He was,however, to have considerable freedom to study as hepleased, and at the same time to be answerable in partfor the care of patients.The clerkship idea was not particularly new, theBritish schools have long had their "dressers." Nor wasthe idea of introducing medical students to research work,to the inculcation of a scientific attitude, startingly original : it was prevalent in the early days at the Hopkins inBaltimore and in the University of Chicago about 30 students per year between 1920 and 1926 took higher degrees in the preclinical medical departments. But thesestudents were registered at least temporarily in the graduate school. But the deliberate combination of the twoideas was novel, and resulted in a necessary corollary,that students might acquire the necessary knowledge in the various required subjects in a certain minimal time,in order thereby to devote their remaining time to research or to more advanced work in one field. And now,after a trial of nine years, it may be apposite to ask, howhas the New Deal worked out?The most definite shift from the original plan was theabolition of the thesis requirement or of the necessity forthe student to do any research work at all. With thedevelopment of departments devoted to the different medical specialties, the free time of the fourth year rapidlyvanished ; there was no time during his clinical yearswhen the student had enough leisure for a serious pieceof work. Then too, the value of experimental work forstudents came to be seriously doubted by faculty men whothemselves had been brought up under the old regime."Get clinical experience, it is all-important." The pastages weigh heavily upon us ; from Hippocrates to Syden-Normand L. HoerrHe learned by doingham to Osier we have been told, "Observe!" But theinjunction "Experiment !" is relatively new. Much aseveryone admits that experimentation has made moreprogress in medicine in a hundred years than observationdid in a thousand, even our most brilliant clinicians todayare quick to doubt the value of experimental work in thetraining of the average medical student. Thus one of themain features of the new plan was never given a fairtrial, and has been abolished.The clerkships have been quite successful. The consensus of opinion among us "older grads" (how grandiloquent, after five years!) was that the surgical clerkshipwas from the first the most valuable and most enjoyable.Why? Because in surgery we were given more actualwork on patients, more responsibility for the generalroutine care of patients (our case histories were enteredinto the official hospital records, as were the results of910 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEour blood counts and urinalyses), we scrubbed up andheld a retractor at the operations, we administered anesthetics under supervision, we changed dressings, wewere permitted to perform very minor operations ourselves — in a word, we were made to feel that we were apart of the hospital staff. Elsewhere we were often allowed to feel that medical students constituted an unmitigated evil. Recent graduates inform one, however, thatsince the hospitals have become better organized, all theclerkships are worthwhile.It should be obvious to anyone that no matter howinterested a student may be in his future vocation, he willbe more serious minded if he has real work-a-day dutiesto perform, if he has some small measure of responsibilityfor the care of patients. It is perhaps less obvious thatthe student will really learn more; the sense of beinganswerable for the performance of genuine tasks, however small, will impress upon his mind the facts of a subject matter much more indelibly than any amount ofreading, lecturing, or by-standing.There has seldom been any serious difficulty in assigning real responsibility to students, in fact many ofus have substituted for interns during our senior year.A student who has been through the clerkships quicklyadapts himself to the hospital routine ; he may not knowas much as a graduate in medicine, but he has acquiredthe ability to find out rapidly for himself what he needsto know. Billroth two generations ago stated that thestudent who was well grounded in the medical sciencescould be taught the technique of caring for patients insix months. The statement is probably still valid today.Another advantage that the University clinics possess is the high class of patients. We do not encounterthe inhabitants of the slums, who frequent the free clinics, but the great respectable middle class. These are thepeople for the most part with whom the student willhave to deal when he begins to practice for himself; theyare pay-patients, and must be treated courteously andtactfully. Our students quickly acquire a technique ofhandling patients which is invaluable for the art of practicing medicine.What about the original plan of minimal didactic instruction? Well, it has been found necessary to havemore lectures, though there are still less than in anyother medical school. The students seldom attend morethan two hours a day of lecture or clinics. The commonest complaint is still that there is too much repetitionof the same lectures by men in different departments — Imyself listened to five lectures, almost identical, on hyperthyroidism. Better correlation of lectures, however,will undoubtedly come in time.This small amount of formal instruction compelsthe student to organize and summarize a vast subjectmatter largely for and by himself. The only worthwhilelearning, manifestly, is the kind that is self-taught — butthe student must have a certain maturity, a certainamount of self-discipline and self-reliance to profit bysuch a method.A course of study in which the student is left mainly upon his own resources, in which the amount of contentacquired will depend largely upon the measure of interest and persistence the student himself possesses will always be superior to any other for a superior .type of student. For the student himself, however, it is not nearlyso satisfying a method of least resistance as the oldmethod of class assignments and recitations, didactic lectures filling the day and week, amphitheater clinics, anddispensary work with varying amounts of supervision.I can recall several dispensary courses in anothermedical school (one of the best, but using traditionalmethods of teaching) where the amount we learned orthe work we learned to do with our hands depended entirely upon the interest in instruction of the attendingmen. These were private practitioners, who too oftenmake connections with a medical school either to increasetheir clinical experience or to enhance their reputations,not necessarily through their interest in teaching or theirdesire to contribute to medical progress.The previous statement is of course no denial of thefact that some of the finest teachers (and by this phraseI do not mean the best technicians in the art of impartingfacts to others in a palatable form, but persons who inspire students to greater intellectual effort and imbuethem with ideals of scientific integrity and curiosity) thatsome of the finest teachers in medical history, I say, havebeen active private practitioners. And I feel that somearrangement should be made even in a full time medicalschool whereby students could become acquainted withsuch men. The teachers we remember longest are notthe ones who were most deft in spoon-feeding us, but theones who inspired us most. And outstanding personalities in medicine should be made use of for undergraduate instruction. As a matter of fact, the clinical facultieshave not yet been made up entirely of full-time men, sothat this plea is not as heretical as it might seem.I fear that this review of the new plan in medicaleducation is rapidly descending to the old bromide thatwhatever the system there will always be good teachersand bad. One of the common complaints of the southside graduates (a universal complaint of all medical students) is that men not particularly interested in teachingmerely waste the student's time. Ward rounds, for example, may be made the finest type of Oslerian bed-sideteaching, or they may become the dullest sort of stultifying ritual.In conclusion then, the greatest advance in medicaleducation made by the south side school, most of usalumni believe, is the valuable training to be received bythorough personal work on a few patients. This contrastssharply with the traditional theoretical acquaintance, bybeing shown, with a great number of disease processes ina large number of patients. It is better for the student tofollow closely day by day the progress of a patient withpernicious anemia or diabetes or appendicitis than tomemorize from a book the thousand details of tropicaldiseases he will never meet in his practice. The MidwayMedics may not know all the answers, but they are notparalyzed when confronted with a patient.ralcllt and. rut loudIT.Blackfriars time once more and Sidney Hymen's satire"Fascist and Furious" is in the throes of rehearsal foropening night May I in Mandel Hall. Other performances will be given May 2, 8 and 9. Picturedhere are Vic Jones, Gene Davis, and Bob Jones,three of the stars.11MAN: LEARNING TO KNOWOr Learning to Use?• By WELLS D. BURNETTETHE attitude of professional teaching and research in a university should be that of studying the subject for its own sake. . . . But acourse in how to administer psychological tests is trivial.. . If we can put down once and for all, triviality, voca-tionalism, and mediocrity, we can preserve the place ofleadership we have inherited and show our fellow-citizensat last what a university can be."Remembering these words delivered by the University's president before the trustees and faculty lastJanuary, I decided to ask Associate Professor ForrestA. Kingsbury of the department of Psychology just howfar he was in sympathy with this attitude. The occasion was a visit to that outmoded, converted residenceon Ellis avenue which houses that strangely begottenchild of Philosophy and Biology which seeks to understand the workings of the human mind. Too, Kingsbury, trained in the tradition of the so-called Chicagopsychological school of "functionalism," is credited in theofficial catalogue with the teaching of courses in Applied Psychology and Psychological Tests.Gray, but an energetic teacher, Kingsbury isnot wholly satisfied with the idea that his field shouldsit back and speculate for speculation's sake. At thesame time he agrees with President Hutchins that itshould not become solely a reflection for technology.His reply took shape in a middle road interpretation asprobably more preferable than the proposed one of teaching a "subject for its own sake."Forrest A. KingsburyBulwark of "functionalism""I object strenuously to the University saying.'Science must be kept free from "application." ' Of necessity, all courses in the University lean toward simpleknowledge rather than the application of it. But, I thinkthat the practical application often gives us knowledgeon the meaning and significance of any science. There can be no sharp line of demarcation between pure andapplied psychology."In this answer one finds that the University stillseems to bear the mark left by James R. Angell andJohn Dewey who almost a quarter of a century ago,within the confines of the Midway quadrangles, tookpragmatism and stretched its utility to the 'nth degree,calling it "functionalism," a term which bears, incrustedwithin itself, the meaning of activity and the practicalapplication of concepts.In 1894 Angell and Dewey joined the faculty asprofessors of Philosophy. In 1903 Angell bolted fromhis colleague and became head of the department ofPsychology which was then housed in a small framebuilding. The present quarters hemmed in by the University Press and Ricketts Bacteriological Laboratorieswere obtained in 1908, and since that time the Universityadministration has consistently heard pleas for largerand better quarters.A pupil of prime pragmatist William James at Harvard, Angell first thought of examining the mentalprocesses in terms of "How do they work ?" "What difference do they make?" and "What are they for?" Asits name implies, "functionalism" is interested primarilyin activities, in mental processes, not merely as contentsbut as operations. It is interested in studying them intheir own setting and from the standpoint of utility.This is opposed to the school of "structuralism" whichdeliberately abstracts the material from its setting andcreates for experimental purposes a scientific or hypothetical setting in the laboratory.Angell always insisted, as do his psychological faculty descendants today, that "functionalism" alone wasnot to be identified with the work at Chicago. TheUniversity had the task, he felt, of examining and explaining all fields of psychology to its students. Tothis ideal Professor Carr clings today — a broad, unbiased department.Probably America's greatest individual contributorto the study of Psychology was John Broadus Watson,Chicago PhD 1903, who founded the school of "behaviorism." In the eyes of "behaviorism," "functionalism" is a sham, more confusing than effective. Watsonbelieved that Psychology must divorce itself from consciousness and study behavior, not mental functions, notpsychophysical processes, but movements in time andspace. To him personality was a sum-total of responses,including all of the individual's reactions and tendenciesto reaction. For sometime the University washed itshands of this heretic, but now here and there he is oftreferred to by many as Chicago's greatest contribution tothe "science of mind."An interesting sidelight on the present PsychologyDepartment was given in a fairly recent publication, "The12THE UNIVERSITY OFSeven Psychologies" by Edna Heidbreder of the University of Minnesota. In it she comments, "Psychologists trained at Chicago are distinctly conscious of theirpsychological lineage ; they still think of their psychologyin terms of comparison and contrasts ; and among them,even today, there is a solidarity of feeling second to thatof no group in the country."In introducing the faculty to you, a problem arises.Where do I begin and where do I leave off in listing themen? For, there are true psychologists in their ownright who are classified under Education, Business, Law,Home Economics, et cetera, et cetera, — truly a grapevine of communications which should have a stranglehold on policy in most of the eighty-odd buildings whichnow comprise the University. Hence, arbitrarily forpurposes of this account, I shall introduce to you themen who claim first generation blood-relationship withthe Department, mentioning in passing those who arethe closest of the more remote brotherhood. Theseothers will be forced to wait their day in some futuresummary of their own special activities.Following Angell, Charles H. Judd who now headsthe Department of Education, and James A. Tufts whocarried on the philosophy and tradition passed on to him,Harvey Carr — that extremely human teacher whose qualities of being a "regular" fellow together with a sympathetic "roughness" have found a welcome place amonghis students — has been administrator of the Deparmentsince 1926.The only other full-fledged professor of Psychology,Louis L. Thurstone, holds forth not in the Psychologybuilding, but in the Social Science building where hemingles with students of society, directs the Board ofExaminers, and secretly plots to destroy the joy of modern grammar school custodians and the plague of enteringcollege students, the I. Q. Thurstone is probably aswidely known in the field of study of human abilities asany man in the world today. His tests are used inprimary and secondary institutions from coast to coast.Professor Kingsbury, in addition to teaching somerather practical Psychology, is student counselor forundergraduates in the Department. Recently he shockedhimself and some nearby religious folk by finding thatin a particularly prominent church only four percent ofthe goers spent their Sabbath morn trying to find outwhat they should do and believe, while seventy-two percent were primarily interested in reviewing acquaintances with the Joneses."I suspect that the reducing of the oxygen supplyto the brain is a cause of mental fatigue," is the opinionof and the first cause for the present experimentationundertaken by Arthur G. Bills, assistant professor, whoten years ago was a student in this same department inthe University.Contact and promotion man for the Department,Assistant Professor Harold A. Swenson keeps officehours in Cobb Hall as College student adviser, teaches asection of the Biological Science general course and theintroductory Psychology work, and for his own amusement or "amazement," as he insists, plays a self-constructed cigar-box violin (two strings) which recentlywas employed to entertain a chain radio audience. CHICAGO MAGAZINE 13Among the men who have work in common withthe above group but who are segregated into other departments are Arthur W. Kornhauser, associate professor of Business Psychology ; Helen Lois Koch, associate professor of Child Psychology (Home Economics) ;Frank H. Freeman, Educational Psychologist; and Andrew W. Brown, lecturer in the Department, but a nativeof the Institute for Juvenile Research. Professor emeritus of Neurology, Charles J. Herrick provides theanatomical background for Psychology students with hisintroductory Neurology course.Harvey CarrAdministration his forteNow that we have passed the reception committeewith a brief introduction to each, let's go as I did, to interview them in their offices, see what they are doing,why they are doing it — and also to pick up some of themore-or-less personal touches that go to categorize theMidway scholars as people like you and me.The scene is now a rather unpretentious office. Atone side is a large out-of-date rolled-top desk. Textbooks and administrative data abound. The pigeon holesare studded with letters steeped in a generous coating ofdust. In one hole is a box labeled "rat and roach poison"which immediately sets one to wondering whether thebox was a remnant of the old "survival of the fittest"days or whether it contains thumbtacks. At the desk,leaning back in a swivel chair with feet leisurely crossedatop sits an average-sized body with a jolly, friendlycountenance. The secretary (Ruth Works, '34) announces, "Some one to see you, Dr. Carr."Of Professor Carr, Miss Heidbreder speaks in herbook, "Carr's work like Angell is inseparable from hisduties as administrator. The direction of the actual day-by-day activities of the Department at Chicago formsone of his major contributions to Psychology."His field of learning is Human Psychology withComparative Psychology in animals his specialty. TheDepartment has long been noted for its work in Comparative Psychology with from one to three major investigations in progress each year.The chairman also has some views on the Hutchins'statement. He adds to Dr. Kingsbury's remarks,"The best way to get something of practical valueis to develop it through research and let it flow out14 THE UNIVERSITY OFnormally." Although he is interested in the development of better knowledge of psychological phenomenaregardless of its immediate practical value, he is definitely interested in what values it may have. If purescience is really "disinterested" it worries not if its results have utility; it cannot show sorrow if it finds itswork is useful, nor can it be elated if its results arestrictly useless. Carr points out that a preference fornon-utilitarian results is in itself a repudiation of thescientific spirit which is supposed to have no preferences.He insists that it is adherence to scientific method thatmakes a study scientific. Practical work has occasionedno violation of scientific principles ; instead, it has donemuch to advance them.In accord with his belief that common observation isa means of arriving at psychological knowledge, Carrmaintains that structure and function are so closely related that a knowledge of the anatomical processes involved in mental acts is often illuminating. So, in oldCulver hall are his experimental laboratories where Isa-dore Krechevsky, a young PhD, serves as research assistant. Working with Krechevsky is Dr. Yu ChuanTsang who is sponsored at the University by the Chinesegovernment, preparing him to teach Psychology at home.Arthur G. BillsSpeculates on stutteringTsang is continuing the work begun here by KarlLashley who left this year to join the faculty of Harvard.The study concerns the function of the cortex of thebrain in vision and the effects of cortical lesions in thelearning of adult young rats. He has found that an injuryto fifty percent of the cortex in an infant rat does nothave near the destructive mental harm that the sameaccident will have in adults.Other research shows that destruction of a part ofthe cortex has a terrific effect in upsetting instincts. Forexample, a normal female rat will consistently build a nestin the dark corner of a cage. An "operated" rat willhave no preferences for a light or dark corner, nor willshe always be able to build a nest, and after her youngsters are born she may not know how to care for them,nor to remove them from danger.Krechevsky, along the same trends, has found thatsimilar lesions will greatly vary a rat's behavior. Usually the normal animal is disturbed when placed into a CHICAGO MAGAZINEmaze and will prefer to experiment in a number of waysin order to get out, while one with an injured brain willprefer to travel one particular way each time and willvary its course only when the path has been changed. Hehas found that there is a distinct correlation between thesize of the cortex injury and the variability of learningthat a rat will show. After experiments are completedeach animal's brain cells are mounted on slides in orderthat a record of the experiment can be compared withthe operation. Lashley proved that it mattered notwhere the cortex was injured, for the size, not the locality of the removed portion, was the source of variation, although locality is significant for other types ofbehavior.What desires are most powerful in motivating acreature's actions? An apparatus is now being constructed in this laboratory whereby it will be possibleto find out the answer to this question. It is a very simple mechanism involving a phonograph turn-table, somestring, a spring, and a record-o-graph. A small harnessis attached to the rat with such fundamental needs asfood, drink, or sex placed within reach. The amountof movement and pull the animal makes toward the object will thus be recorded on charts. Along with motivation, it has been found that the stomach is not the onlypsychological seat for hunger. Stomachs have been removed from animals (they are able to live sometimewithout it) and still the hunger desire is present. Certainly, it seems, the way to a rat's heart is not throughits stomach.Leaving Dr. Carr's office, I came to another roomwhich appeared conspicuously filled by a large inflatedgas bag. It was filled with nitrogen, hydrogen, and otherelements with a limited supply of oxygen. Another experiment was going on — this time with human beings.All is a part of the "block" research that Professor Bills(whom I spotted in one corner of the room) has beenconducting since 1929. He is now going back over itto verify some opinions which he has recently developed.The purpose of the bag is to feed, by way of a gasmask, air containing a low oxygen content to an individual who sits before a typewriter which has its keyscovered except for a few specially colored ones. A colorchart is revolved before the individual whose task is totouch the matching keys in order of the colors whichappear. The accuracy is recorded. Bills has foundthat when the individuals become fatigued, they operatein "blocks ; that is, for a time they are able to workcontinuously and accurately, then follows a lapse whenthey are too fatigued to recognize color. This state isfollowed by another period of efficiency, and so on — theblocks occurring with greater frequency as the subjectbecomes more fatigued.All this work is concerned with mental fatigue, forBills has a psychological hunch that mental fatigue isnothing more than an exhaustion of the supply of oxygenin the brain. It is in opposition to Thorndike's viewthat there is no true mental fatigue, but only a reductionin motivation.Out of this study has developed an interest in thepeculiarity known as stuttering. He finds that stutteringcomes in "blocks" and that fatigued people have a tendency to develop speech defects similar to stuttering.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE ISIn simple speculation, he wonders if stuttering does nothave some relation to the deficiency of oxygen supply tothe brain. For, he has taken thirty stutterers from thecity and given them the key-color tests, voice mechanismtests, etc., and he feels certain that if this defect weresimply a vocal difficulty there would be no corresponding "blocking" in their hand responses. But there weretwo to two and one half times as many lapses in blocking than in normal individuals.Drawing this theory into an examination of psychoses (dementia praecox, etc.) he points to the very slowrates of association and more blocking with mentally deranged individuals than with normal beings. He feelsthat it is possible that this condition is analogous to thefatigue stage. There may be something wrong with therespiratory system, perhaps too shallow breathing. Atany cost he wants to find out what the blocking tendency means and what makes some types of work morefatiguing than others.In the field of learning, Bills has performed research involving the role of muscular tension in facilitating learning. The effects of muscular tension explainthe common phrase, "exerting effort in thinking." Aperson who thinks hard, tenses his muscles in somepart of his body and tends to facilitate body action, thusreinforcing impulses to the brain by possibly openingmore direct channels.After taking his degree in 1926, Professor Billsspent a year at the University of Minnesota as assistantprofessor and then returned to Chicago. He refuses tocomment on the workability of the Chicago plan, thinksthat landscape painting a-la-pastels is great fun, andadmits occasional "bear and bull" speculation. But, hetoo agrees with his colleagues that "science for its ownsake" is not wholly desirable.A rather pleasant person to interview, was my feeling after I had concluded a not-so-brief afternoon appointment with Professor Kingsbury. Probably his mannerhas been unusually well developed through continuedrelation with people in both personnel work and studentcounseling. He has informed me that there has been anoticeable trend of student registrants in the undergraduate work from the Social Science division ratherLouis L. ThurstoneHis aim, the root of knowledge than from the Biological division, where the departmenthas been officially placed.Kingsbury's graduate work was completed in Philosophy and Psychology at Chicago. His grandfatherand great uncle were graduates of the old University ofChicago. At first he taught introductory Psychologyfor students in Business and Commerce. Twelve yearsago he worked with the Continental National bank in preparing related personality, efficiency and wage schedulesby which the bank could arrange its salaries for its employees. Today he is again working with this bank onthe same problem, using a better developed method thanbefore. The ratings are gained by asking the employee'ssupervisor for data on topics such as ability to makecontacts, learning ability, executive ability, usefulness,and ingenuity. The ratings are then matched against ascale which has the questions weighted in order of theirimportance and effectiveness. Not long ago he made asurvey of university clerks, advising the administration toset up a similar wage-scale-efficiency program.In addition to the results of the neighborhoodchurch, which I mentioned at the beginning of this article, Kingsbury found that 83 percent of the congregation which went to church was interested in the sermoncontent, 60 percent was concerned with the advancementof religion in modern life, while 30 percent wanted Biblical passages explained to them.In his University course on testing he seeks to treatexaminations more as a scientific instrument rather thanas a practical device. Tests in themselves are not interesting; it is the desire to cultivate in a student theability to appraise the value of the scientific conclusionsarrived at in tests, to see values, limitations and weaknesses so that they may be able to steer clear of theerroneous interpretations made by those who use the teststhat makes the course important. This is not primarilyan applied course, he assured me, but one in scientificmethod.While we have testing in mind it might not be abad idea to -cross the quadrangles to the office of Mr.and Mrs. Louis Thurstone who spend their waking hoursthinking up new ways of getting at the root of all knowledge.Professor Thurstone first started doing things whilean undergraduate at Cornell. He designed a special typeof motion picture projector which by a system of mirrorsremoved the "flicker" from films. He demonstrated themachine to Thomas A. Edison who thought the youngcollege graduate had promise as an assistant in hislaboratory, with the result that Thurstone gave it a brieftry. After teaching designing and drafting at Minnesota,he took his degree from Angell in 1917, then taught atCarnegie and wound up for two years in the Bureau ofPublic Personnel Administration in Washington as psychologist.When he returned to Chicago, Thurstone immediately went into a study of attitudes, intelligence, andexaminations. He wrote the logic by which social attitudes can be measured and has practically rewritten theprinciples of psycho-physics. For the past four yearshe has been engrossed with the problem of how toisolate primary mental abilities. For some time the single(Continued on Page 40)LATITUDE FOR APTITUDE• By HARRY R. SWANSON, '17, La Salle Street Coaching StaffWHEN it comes to academic freedom, freethought and free speech, and I suppose weshould throw in free love, nothing in the so-called civilized world approaches the superb and gloriousheights attained by that paragon of intellectual achievement — the La Salle Street Coaching Staff. Organizedin the true spirit of criticism, the severely abusive anddestructive type, it stoutly maintains its cocky independence of creative thought in the midst of rash outpourings of pish and tosh from the campus and the rankbarrage of bologna in the outer world. It worships nofalse gods, obeys no punk bureaucrats, and praises nobum football coaches. In fact, it praises no footballcoaches, and you may throw in the athletic directorsfor good measure. Neither has the Staff been overwhelmed by the weird oratory and glaring sophistriesof Professor John Schommer, a rabid alumnus who hasbeen attempting since time immemorial to prove thatofficials in intercollegiate games require more than ordinary intelligence and are gifted with unusual talents.After all, Schommer is just another professor and hisremarks are subject to the customary trade discount.Now a close study of history, much closer than anypursuit of the subject by us while in the University,(for we, like Columbus, went down in history), indicates that all human institutions created in the noblespirit of self-sacrifice and actuated by pure idealism riseand fall quickly. Only, reaching lofty pinnacles, they areeasily corrupted by their adoring and gullible publics.The La Salle Street Coaching Staff is no exception tothe rule, for its vast horde of admirers now look to itas the only source of unadulterated truth, issued bluntlyand specifically without fear of man or beast. And withthe growing interest in the low-down on higher education, there is a constant demand that the Staff extendits benign influence and vigorous activity into otherfields, fields still untested by that most rigid of all research, unrestrained alumni opinion. Cooling their overheated brows with gaily colored cocktails and bubblinghighballs, its Committee on Development and Retrenchment has been considering seriously the complete abandonment of interest in such crude affairs as football andother forms of athletic endeavor, including the well-known sport of coach-baiting, and substituting such mental arts as metaphysics, Adlerism and comprehensivitis.Now that Mr. Berwanger has transferred his fancysteps from the gridiron to the ballroom and the footballfreshmen are showing the wear and tear of the NewPlan, it is a singularly appropriate moment to experiment with this violent change in policy, and to concentrate on the activities and inactivities of the faculty.Our first thought is the possibility of removing theimpasse now existing between the faculty and alumni.Each is a pain in the neck to the other. Here andthere you will find some notable exceptions. A smallassortment of young bucks and old codgers on the fac ulty are of the right sort, know the correct stance atthe bar and order manly drinks at normal intervals andin proper sequence, all of the time engaging in spiritedand intimate conversation that is free unadulteratedspeech, not to be confused with the spurious kind mentioned in convocation addresses. And some alumni arefirst rate ; they are a mixed breed, having strains of the''sentimental alumnus/' the intelligentsia specimen, andthe football fanatic. These mongrels are vitally essentialto any university, for they supply the annual new batchof victims for the educational "guinea pig" experiment,either by propagation or proselyting, and now and then,believe it or not, actually lay down coin of the realmfor endowment funds or other forms of academic subsidy. Both forms of contribution are not to be sneezed at.But, in general, there is passionate antagonism. Thetypical professor visualizes an alumnus as a bond salesman in a coonskin coat, with a peroxide blonde hangingloosely on one arm and a bottle of gin held tightly underthe other, having the intellectual rating of a half-wittedjackass. Contra, the average garden variety of alumnusdescribes a professor as a soggy gent in baggy pants,with a citrus visage and careless demeanor, who knowsmore and more about less and less until finally he knowsabsolutely everything about nothing. Not long ago awell-known faculty member whose name we will notmention, but who teaches English, writes books and lovesfootball, stated that "the patent defect in all educationis that it produces alumni." An alumnus of some distinction defines a professor as "an intellectual peanutwho has never met a payroll." So it is just a questionof dog eat dog, with no attempt ever being made to reconcile both groups.If you are a very observing person, you will notethat the charges center, directly or indirectly, around thequestion of intellectual supremacy, there being some disagreement as to what constitutes mental agility. Ifsome practicable method could be invented to ascertainaccurately the brain production of each group, one coulddetermine which is entitled to prior rights, or whetherit is a tie and both sides are as dumb as football coachesare said to be. The decision would be a signal contribution to the history of higher education, as well as tolaw and order.We believe we have the solution. If you have evertried to sneak into the University an enterprising highschool student who blocks and tackles with precision andrhythm, but whose grades have been marked down unfairly by some prejudiced teacher, you have heard ofaptitude tests. Just what these are is somewhat of amystery, which must be part of the build-up, but ourrough information is sufficient to convey a few thoughts.These tests are given to certain questionable candidatesfor admittance, particularly those whose high school averages are somewhat below par. The candidate is seated(Continued on Page 23)16ALUMNI AUTHORSHistory of Early Iran. By George E. Cameron, PhD'32, Instructor in Oriental Languages, Universityof Chicago. (University of Chicago Press $3.00.)THERE has existed no single volume describing incomprehensive fashion the history of the IranianPlateau before the reign of Cyrus, the Persian. Theauthor, through his studies of history and origin ofthe Iranian Medes, was impressed with the fact thatthe Empire of the Medes fitted into a wider historicalperspective than hitherto assumed, and that Medianorigins could not be disassociated from the history ofthe Iranian Plateau before Iranians appeared on thescene. Dr. Cameron's attempt to unravel the mysteryof that early history has resulted in this most authenticchronology of Elamite history written with a virilityand appeal that will attract the layman as well as thehistorian.The Making of Modern Iraq. By Henry A. Foster,AMT2, Professor of History in the Missouri StateTeachers College. (University of Oklahoma Press$4.00.)IRAQ occupies the Tigris ond Euphrates Valley, hasBagdad as its capital and possesses one of the richestoil fields in the Near East. This new Moslem stategained its independence in 1932. Mr. Foster presentsa brilliantly written account of Iraq's progress towardnationhood from the time of the revolt of the deserttribesmen under Colonel T. E. Lawrence during theWorld War, through the years of Great Britain's mandate to the ultimate emergence of Iraq as a sovereignstate. This is, in brief, a story of the rehabilitation ofan ancient oriental people under an occidentally supervised program, the story of a new departure in worldpolitics.The Turkish Transformation. By Henry Elisha Allen,PhD '30, Department of Religion, Lafayette College.(University of Chicago Press $2.50.)THE author writes with ease and clarity the story ofthe rebuilding of an oriental state. The bulk of thebook treats of Turkey since the World War. It tellsof her suffering and disillusionment, of the inevitableinfiltration of ideas, and of the effect of those ideas.Fourteen million orientals are going through a socialand religious transformation. A moslem country is rebuilding itself into a western nation.What does Turkey think of itself? For the first time a great quantity of Turkish opinion, translatedfrom recent Turkish publications is made available inEnglish. Mr. Allen reports upon his researches ofnearly a decade and his book is of special significance toanyone interested in world affairs.The Rainbow. By Donald R. Richberg, '01. (Double-day, Doran $2.50).NO man is in position to speak with more authoritythan Mr. Richberg of the problems involved andthe difficulties encountered in the administration of thelate, and by many unlamented, National Recovery Administration. In The Rainbow the author writes interestingly, temperately and with every effort to be justto this two year experiment in national industrial planning. It is a detailed account of the history of the workof the NRA and presents the seven classes of conflicts that required solution and whose non-enforceabil-ity, in the opinion of the writer, resulted in the failureof the experiment. It was Mr. Richberg's belief thatcooperation between business units could be achievedvoluntarily and that through such cooperation manyexisting evils in our economic system could be overcome.The history of the NRA would tend to prove that sucha viewpoint was too altruistic.Monetary Mischief. By George Buchan Robinson, Columbia University Press. (From a review by JosephB. Hubbard, Harvard Business Review, 1935.)THIS is one of the most striking recent books in thefield of money. It is a keen and sparkling commentary upon money developments in the United Statessince the War. Several of the chapters were previouslypublished as articles in The Annalist; and it is a striking evidence of the author's power of analysis that hisconclusions on the credit conditions existing just priorto the stock exchange collapse, which are generally accepted today, were written in July, 1929. With greatclarity, Robinson treats the problem of the growth ofbank deposits, and insists that there are just two kindsof prime money, "one an amount of precious metal, andthe other a good and faithful promise to pay." The lastsection of the book is a powerful critique of the government's monetary policy. The author, who favoredsome measure of moderate monetary inflation in 1933,believes that the steps actually taken "will plague oureconomy for years to come."RUSH COMMENCEMENTRush Medical College Alumni Clinics will be held at the College on June 15, morning and afternoon, andthe morning of June 16.Convocation exercises will be held in the Chapel at the University of Chicago at I I A. M., on Tuesday,June 16.The annual meeting of the Alumni Association will be held at 5:30 P. M. at the Palmer House, on June 16.The Faculty and Alumni Banquet will be held at 6:30 P. M., Tuesday, June 16, also at the Palmer House.17IN MY OPINIONBy FRED B. MILLETT, PhD'31, Associate Professor of EnglishTO even an amateur anthropologist, the most famous of all definitions of culture — Matthew Arnold's — seems strangely inadequate. It couldhardly be of much service in the anatomizing of acomplex modern or primitive society. It could hardlyassist very much in the comprehension of peoplesas remote to us as the Abyssinians or as close tous as the Americans. For an adequate understandingof Ethiopians and Americans alike, we need a conception of culture infinitely less bookish and incomparablyless snobbish. We need to conceive of culture as thecomplex pattern of habits and customs, rituals and taboos,appetencies and revulsions that gives a particular social group its distinctive character.But before attempting a characterization of American culture, we may well pass in review the elementsthat have conditioned the culture evolving in these UnitedStates. Such elements as Taine's race, milieu, et tempsmust be weighed and evaluated before we can understandhow American culture came to be what it is.Geographers and biologists alike would have usbelieve that the natural environment in which a peoplesubsists plays an intimate part in the creation of itsculture. And surely one does not have to journey farin the United States to feel his imagination stirred bytheir physical immensity; one is easily tempted to believe that some of the generosity and free-handednesscommonly ascribed to Americans may be attributed tothe consciousness of the lavish resources with which nature has endowed us and which we have characteristically squandered. The range and variety of the natural setting, the tremendous distances between the nuclearurban centers, the subtleties to be felt even within thelimitations of its monotonies — encourage one to hopethat, in the face of most powerful agencies making foruniformity, American culture will preserve preciousregional variations. Not all regional variations, to besure, are worth preserving; no national pride can bestirred by the standards of education, of working conditions, of sanitation in certain provincial areas. At thesame time, the regional elements which contribute piquancy and flavor to the food and speech of individualized sections of the country furnish invaluable contraststo the deadliness of standardization.The historical element most significant for the analysisof American life is unquestionably the youthfulness ofits culture and its consequent belief in its own potentialities of development. I am perfectly aware, of course,that the deficiencies of American social and aestheticculture have all too frequently been explained on thegrounds of our extreme youth, and that the frontierhas become the most banal of explanations of our pioneercrudities and our hostilities to artists. By Van WyckBrooks, both Henry James and Mark Twain are thoughtto have been crippled by our pioneer society and a wholegeneration of young artists fled from the elementary Fred B. Milletthorrors ofBroadway tothe subtlerhorrorsofMontpar-n a s s e. Butperhaps ourundeniab 1 ecrudity iscompensatedfor, in nosmall meas-ure by thehopefulne s sand optimism,the social flex-i b i 1 i t y andplasticity thatare by-products of ourhistoricalyouthful-ness.The historical circumstances of the development ofAmerica explain, too, our unique racial situation: afundamental Anglo-Saxon stock in competition or cooperation with a series of European or African invasions. Concerning this racial situation, America hasbeen of two minds. A happier day celebrated the miracles wrought by the melting pot; a dourer prospecthas persuaded America to abandon its claim to be anasylum to the world's oppressed. Yet, despite our cur~rent misgivings, the dominant tone of our culture remains English, a circumstance that is due, apparently,not so much to the social and financial domination of theEnglish group as to the eagerness with which Americansof other stocks have rejected their own racial traditionsand have attempted to appropriate what they somewhatuncritically regard as the American tradition. In thisprocess of protective coloration, rich racial cultures arebeing abandoned in the interests of a superficial cultural conformity.To Americans of whatever stock, two rather sharplycontrasted modes of life — the rural and the urban — areavailable, and their constancy and their disparity mustnever be lost sight of in any investigation of our culture.There is probably a wider diversity between modes ofrural life in geographically distinct parts of the Unionthat there is between our cities. And some of thesediversities — both geographical and racial in origin — seemlikely to persist, since rural life is less accessible tostandardizing influences than city life, and less amenableto imitative changes. Perhaps a dozen cities in America still have a distinguishable and flavorous character,but the eyes of the modern city are turned toward NewYork and what Cosmopolis has this morning, every18THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 19ambitious American city hopes to have by nightfall.Thus, it is only a very unresourceful Zenith that cannot boast of a Boston Store and a metropolitan hotel,perfectly machine-made and — even to the pseudo-Frenchengravings on the walls — utterly indistinguishable andundistinguished.But the disparity between rural and urban life seemslikely to grow less. Out from the city — monstrous product of the gods of the machines — over the country, armiesof machines go forth — like a verminous plague or alegion of guardian angels — to ease the burden of laborupon the man with the hoe, and to destroy skilled handicrafts and the arts of the folk. In town and countryalike, the product of the machine begins to take on,now and again, comeliness and beauty, but the precioushuman qualities of the handicrafts deserve some otherencouragement than entombment in museums. Thehooked rug and the patchwork quilt are as authenticallyAmerican as the skyscraper and the automobile.But the machine is bound to win, and with it growsthat standardization that is so spectacular a feature ofAmerican life. For the most powerful standardizingagencies are machines or products of the machine: ourmarvelous transcontinental highways, the automobile,radio, and moving picture, nationally syndicated newspaper features, and national advertising in street cars,railroad trains, billboards, and magazines. Only in thephysical vastness of America and the stubborness of someof our regional cultures can one find any reason for hopethat American culture will be able to resist excessivelymonotonous conventionalization.This process of conventionalization seems to be producing two rather definitely opposed results — a levellingup of American life on the physical plane and a levellingdown on the intellectual and aesthetic plane. Theseresults, however opposed, spring ultimately from a single motive — the profit motive that underlies the dissemination of all goods in a capitalistic order. To increase the distribution of the products of the machine,more and more people must be made to want them, evenon terms of instalment buying. To increase the distribution of aesthetic products — music and books, moving pictures and plays — the product must be increasinglyvulgarized, since, unhappily, it is easier to train peoplein the right responses to green and lavender tile thanto the finer shades among the arts. But, despite theshocking vulgarity and sentimentality of our aestheticculture (witness Chicago's devotion to The Song ofthe Lark!), we can still take some pride in the factthat nowhere else in the history of civilization — with thepossible exception of Soviet Russia — has so tremendousan attempt been made to raise the physical and intellectual standard of living for an entire people.Complicating the rural-urban, the handicraft-machine patterns in American culture is the conservative-liberal-radical pattern. To be sure, there have beenlong periods in American political life when the twomajor parties vied with each other in conservatism, whenliberal elements were ignored, and radical elements werevoiceless. But the meaninglessness of most Americanpolitical activity — except on the most sordid plane ofmeaning — has no counterpart in the shifting social creeds of the American people. Urban America has probablyalways had its hot-tempered tories and its equally hot-tempered and more voluble radicals. And the toryismof the counting houses is echoed and re-echoed feeblyby the petty manufacturing classes, the small shopkeepers, and the cautious survivors among the small farmersin the east. Liberalism in America has had to find anabiding place among the social-minded in cities, amongfarmers of certain racial groups, in a handful of editorsand writers, and in a few colleges and universities.Superimposed on the patterns already sketched isthe fluctuating nationalistic-internationalistic pattern.This pattern would seem to be closely connected withthe geographical basis of American culture. By andlarge, the people of the interior are indifferent to theproblem of America's relation to the rest of the world,except in periods of acute crisis when fear and the otherself -regarding emotions are stirred. But the people inconcentrated urban areas along our seaboard are forcedby their situation to a concern in international relations,and show the same range of reactions as they exhibit tomore strictly national problems. From the seaboardareas come the poisonous nationalism of the yellow pressand the no less sinister though more cold-blooded machinations of the international banking houses. But inthese same cities and the academic centers in or nearthem we find as well the more liberal and enlightened,the less clearly self -regarding views of America's relation to the rest of the world. The flame of nationalismnow flares, and now subsides, but, in the main, America's geographical isolation from Europe, its abidingsense of its physical invulnerability, its belief in its moralsuperiority and its aesthetic inferiority to Europe — seemlikely to continue to give a strongly nationalistic tone toour native culture.The considerations already entertained will protectus from adopting too simply a conception of Americanculture. That it is fundamentally democratic, nationalistic, and highly standardized, may be essentially true,but certainly each of these epithets — with the possibleexception of the third — needs careful qualification.These observations too will guard us from arriving attoo easy a series of conclusions as to the sort of literature and art such a culture is likely to produce. We canat least be sure that on any work of art produced inAmerica some or all of the forces indicated will be operative. The racial influence in American authorship isfascinating to contemplate : in the past, the Anglo-Saxonstock has naturally furnished most of our authors; inthe future, more and more of our literature will comefrom Americans of other racial stocks: Jewish, Italian,Scandinavian, and Russian. Necessarily, that literature will differ from the pallid anglicanism of the nineteenth-century New England School. And in the American literature of the future, the influence of rural-urban rhythm will be inescapable. And it seems increasingly likely that the easy optimism, the cheery democracyof our older literature will give way to more acrid tonesand moods, that the exasperation, rebelliousness, andhopelessness of the underprivileged will come to gripswith the complacency, the selfishness, the blindness ofthe overprivileged, not only in our life, but in our literature.NEW STYLES IN ALUMNI REUNIONS• By MILTON E. ROBINSON, JR., 'I I .CALL it fumbling around, if you like, but Chicagohas been experimenting for years to find its idealin a reunion program. Pretty nearly everythinghas been tried. Well do we remember the hectic effortsof some twenty years ago to put on a parade, with floats,costumes, bands, and the like. The truth is, that Chicagoalumni (and alumnae) just don't feel at home as mummers !Should we have a dinner? Well, that has beentried, too ; indoors and out. They were before the daysof the Midwinter Assembly, which now-a-days seems tofill the need of the diner-outers. Then, again, thereare reasons why reunion dinners are difficult to fit in.Experience seems to have proved that a Chicago reunion — to draw the maximum attendance — must not bedragged out over too many days. Two seems about thelimit. It is obvious that in two days there are onlytwo evenings. (Something ought to be done about that.)One of those evenings must be devoted to the University Sing, or there would be a revolution. Don't forget, also, that good old Delta Psi Alpha wants to roundup the Brothers and run over a bar or two against thecup-contest.That leaves the other evening for a possible dinner.What to do after such a dinner? Listen to speeches?Or go into Mandel and have a good time? And are wesure we'll get through the dinner in time to get a goodseat in Mandel, anyhow? Here again, we don't haveto theorize. It's been tried. Possibly two hundredpeople — maybe a few more — attended the dinner, andbefore it was decently over, the anxious ones weresneaking out to make sure that the eight hundredothers didn't get the best seats in Mandel. Well, if onlytwo hundred want to eat, and a thousand want to goto Mandel, Mandel wins ! Why not face it ?So there wont be any general Alumni Dinner in1936. If classes, clubs, fraternities, and other groupswant to sponsor dinners, more power to them \ (Incidentally, we already know of some that will.) Furthermore, the University dining halls will be open to youif you have no other engagement."Well," you complain, "why take so much space totell what there won't be? Why not tell what there willbe?" Good enough; here goes:There will be another Alumni Conference; thesixth annual; it will start Friday noon, June 12, andwill extend through that afternoon. Primarily designedfor out-of-town delegates from Alumni and AlumnaeClubs the nation over, it will be open to any alumnusor alumna who is interested enough to come. (Take ouradvice and be there. We know what we are talkingabout.)There will be a musical and dramatic festival inMandel Friday night. The first half of the show willbe put on by the University Orchestra, and if it's onlyhalf as good this year as it was last, it will still be swell. The second half will be put on by the Dramatic groupsof the University, and if you're an old 'un, and remember the stodgy thespian efforts of your day with jaundiced memory, you owe it to yourself to see what thesekids are capable of, today.There will be a second session of the Alumni Conference Saturday morning, June 13. To this you aredefinitely invited. Most of the special information designed for out-of-town delegates will have been imparted Friday afternoon; Saturday morning's subjectswill be guaranteed to be of general interest. Everyonewho attended the Saturday morning session in 1935went away thrilled. We know. We did. We were.There will be the annual Alumnae Breakfast Saturday at twelve o'clock at Ida Noyes.There will be the final session of the enlarged Conference Saturday afternoon, June 13, in Mandel Hall.And finally, there will be the University Sing; thetwenty-sixth annual Saturday evening, June 13. Wedon't have to tell you about that, do we?Thus endeth the reading — on the regular featuresof the Reunion. But don't lay this copy of the Magazine down until you read about the curtain-raiser ofthe Reunion, the new and altogether thrilling AlumniSchool.Come Back to School"Alumni Day" bids fair to become "Alumni Week"if plans now being perfected for this year's Reunion workout as well in practice as they do in prospect. For thesuggestion of an Alumni School at Reunion time, madeoriginally in the form of a question submitted to President Hutchins and answered by him at the MidwinterAssembly on February 26, and then sent up as a testballoon in the first news of the 1936 Reunion (on page8 of the March Alumni Bulletin), has brought whatseems to us on the Committee to be an amazing response.Believe it or not, one hundred and eighty-eightalumnae and alumni in twelve states have sent in thecoupon printed with the first announcement, have selected or suggested their favorite subjects, and are awaiting further news of the project !In that first announcement, nine subjects were tentatively named by the Committee, but coupon-signerswere asked to suggest their own choices too. All nineof the original suggestions have already been chosenby enough people to indicate their popularity, and atenth has mustered enough requests to indicate that itmust be reckoned with.To give you some idea of the relative popularity ofthe various subjects suggested, the replies up to April24 are tabulated below, with the number of people whohave expressed interest in each, (Subjects selected orsuggested by less than ten people have been omitted.)To the right of each subject are listed the "points20FEATURED IN JUNE « « « « « «Chairman Reunion Committeescored" by each, giving each first choice a weight of 3,second choice 2, and third choice 1 :Persons * Subject "Points"108 — International Relations 24577— Psychology 15579 — Better Government 12157 — Economics 10955 — Modern Art 100 '45 — Child Psychology 9422 — Modern Literature* 6125 — Home Economics 5825 — Social Service 4715 — Physics 31* Modern Literature was the only subject listed above which was noton the tentative announcement prepared by the Committee. Since it hasplaced seventh on a purely spontaneous basis, it is therefore doubtlessentitled to greater consideration than if it had appeared on the originallist and now occupied seventh place.No other subject has been listed by as many as tenpeople as yet, but as more replies come in, other subjects may emerge.Now as to some important details, which have beendecided upon, in consultation with the University administration :1. Five days will be devoted to the School: Monday, June 8, to Friday, June 12, inclusive.2. Only five subjects will be given — one per dayeach of the five days. The hours each day will be approximately as follows :Morning session: 10:00 a. m. to 12.00 noon.Luncheon (with speaker on subject of the day)12 :30 p. m. to 2 :00 p. m. (Luncheon charge, 60 cents.)Afternoon session : 2 :30 p. m. to 5 :00 p. m.3. The five subjects selected zvill be determinedfrom the coupons and other requests received from you.In case of tie, "first choices" will be given greaterweight than "second choices," and so on.4. All courses given will be open to either graduates or former students of the University and to theirhusbands or wives. — In other words, to "Alumni" in thelargest sense. In response to some inquiries which havebeen received, the Committee has decided that it cannotask the University to include others. If the 1936 AlumniSchool is a success, means may be found in subsequentyears to enlarge the eligibility list.5. The University zvill make no charge for thecourses. Each person in attendance will, of course, beexpected to defray his or her living expenses whileagain "in residence." Original estimates of these expenses have been revised since the publication of theBulletin. It is believed that they will vary from $2.50to $4.00 per day, depending upon accommodations, ifone lives in the Quadrangles — as one can — during theperiod of the School. Dormitory space in the newResidence Halls will be available for both men andwomen who desire such accommodations. Meals willbe available in the University dining halls ; in fact, break-21 fasts will be served without additional charge; to thosewho utilize the Residence Halls, and a fixed-fee luncheon will be served at the nominal cost of 60 cents perperson in conjunction with each course. (See paragraph 2, above.)The whole idea in its general aspects seems (atleast to us on the Committee) to have potentialities forus Alumni within a reasonable distance, which fewannouncements from the University have contained forus within recent years. The 1930's have seemed tosome of us to be the period which the Red Queen musthave had in mind when she said to Alice, ". . . it takesall the running you can do, to keep in the same place."If the University can straighten out some of ourthinking and help us to acclimate ourselves to thesetimes, why not take advantage of it? Perhaps weshould add, for the timid, at this point : there won't beany examinations, and there won't be any credit!But what we think doesn't matter. What do youthink? If you are interested, will you please write usnow, before you forget it ? Use the coupon, or betteryet, write us a letter containing the information on thecoupon and as much more as you wish to add.Even if you have written or sent in a coupon before,you may wish to write again in the light of the newinformation contained herein. The fact that there willbe but five courses, and that you can take any or all ofthe five without danger of conflict, opens up new vistas.Naturally you will want your choices to be among thefive. All right; tell us about it!Alumni Council, The University of Chi- 'cago: |Yes, I might be interested in the proposed (Alumni School, if the right subjects |were offered. My choice of those listed ,would beFirst Second. Third IMy own suggestion for subjects not al- 'ready listed would be IFirst Second. Third. ..... i? I attach a letter containing further com- 'ment. I? Please keep me informed of develop- iments.Name Class.Address City and State MUSTACHERSAnd Other Evidences of SpringNT ELS NORGREN, hero of various athletic eventsj and popular senior of 1914, won the silver-han-" died shaving brush for — believe it or not — winning the annual senior mustache race. The finals ofthis distinctly University of Chicago event were heldduring the intermission of a Delta Upsilon dance December 15, 1913. Robert Miller (now a LaSalle Streetbroker) was presented with a safety razor for havingthe best "all-around" mustache. Warren (Shorty)Leonard (who joined the aviation service during thewar and died in France) was given a false mustacheto augment what little promise there might be on hisupper lip. One of Shorty's virtues, which made himpopular with the students, was his modesty, reflectedeven in his senior mustache.Paul Pierce (Principal of the Wells High School,Chicago) as the best brunette and George Parkinson(attorney in Salt Lake City to the best of our knowledge) as the most promising blonde, were awarded shaving mugs.We had supposed there were practical aspects toholding the senior mustache race in the fall rather thanthe spring — as is the case today. Early in his senioryear it would answer one question which haunts everyman at some stage in his life: "Do you suppose I canreally grow a mustache ?" Successful mustache-growingseniors could retain these growths throughout their remaining college days, which would impress undergraduates the more. And finally these mustaches would bewell enough established by job-interviewing season, inthe spring, to help add mature dignity at a time whenit is most needed.On the contrary, it appears that immediately uponthe decision of the judges everyone rushed home to remove all traces of the race and revert to undergraduatecountenances.The mustache race of today has changed in some particulars. It is now linked with the Blackfriar springproduction. As we write this, seniors are walking thequadrangles with three-day growth on their upper lips.These will be judged by Manager Bradford of the Reynolds Club barber shop at the C Bench, Friday noon,May 1. The senior who wins will receive a silver mustache cup and his name will be engraved on a plaquewhich hangs in the Reynolds Club barber shop. In return for this recognition he will be thrown unceremoniously into the botany pond by his envious (?) fellowclassmen. Following the winner into the pond will bethe judge who proclaimed him champion and any otherseniors that fate decrees — fate being the senior men,rampant on an orgy of <rWater, water, who hits thewater!" Football heroes, class presidents, leaders onthe Quadrangle or Blackfriar abbots are most likely tobe included in the mid-day plunge. It doesn't make • By HOWARD W. MORT, Editor Tower Topicssense, but then the mustache race tradition was neverestablished on a sense basis, was it?* * *Signs of Spring"PLEASE" (Signs in the grass, courtesy of Buildings and Grounds).A turtle on the rock in the botany pond.Purple hats — the predominating fashion color thisseason. (We strongly suspect our good neighbor,Northwestern!)A tame duck in the Coffee Shop (not Goo Goo, Mr.Penner ! ) quietly and comfortably resting on a chairnext to its (we don't know the gender) master, who issipping a coke.A graduate student and his wife on roller skates leisurely rolling down the Midway. Such nonchalancemust be a gift!Two dignified faculty members in shorts on the Quadrangle Club tennis courts.Newly painted green chains discouraging short cutsbetween buildings.Jay Berwanger after new laurels22THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 23LATITUDE FOR APTITUDE(Continued from Page 16)on a hot chair and given a short time to answer a groupof trick questions, some of which undoubtedly originatedin state institutions for. the mentally deficient ; probablythe inmates thought them up for the purpose of double-crossing each other. If the prospective student passes,the examiner marks up his stock, or "pegs" the market,and the youngster is permitted to enter if he can subsequently raise one hundred iron men for the first quarter's tuition. If he fails, he is privately branded as mentally deficient, and kissed out of the office with the sutblesuggestion that he try some other den of higher education. The alumni usually recommend Northwestern orPurdue, but we take this to be a facetious remark.The deans, who really operate the kaboodle on theMidway, say that this test is almost infallible, havingreams of statistics to prove their case. This being officialand true, why not give an aptitude test to alumni andfaculty and make a gladiatorial contest out of the squabble.Let us, once and for all, determine whether the fluffypedagogues or the nutty alumni have the best aptituderating. The proper time for the contest would be duringthe Reunion this June, making it the headliner on thelong list of events. Each side should be representedby a team of about ten men, chosen by any method desired. If we may be so bold as to suggest some preferences for the faculty squad, we recommend a varied fieldincluding President Hutchins, Teddy Linn and the football coach. It would be well for the alumni to includesome of their leading squawkers and sideline coaches.*The test should be limited to approximately fifteenminutes, and held in Mandel Hall, with the contestantson the stage above footlights and under spotlights, sothat the great crowd of spectators, let in for one dollara head plus tax, could watch the torment experienced bymature men attempting to use their heads. Fifty questions should be enough, if not too much, and they shouldinclude all fields of life, both academic and practical, andshould be answerable in a few words each. The winnercould be announced during the Sing, and the winningteam be given a cup donated by the losers. The championship would be guaranteed for one year only, during which the vanquished would be enjoined frorii Opening;their mouths in any uncomplimentary way whatsoeverabout the victors.The proceeds from the sale of tickets to spectatorsshould go to a scholarship pool. If the professors win,give the awards to incoming students having grades of98 or higher, and who wish to teach school after havingbeen graduated. If the alumni win, give scholarships tothe biggest and toughest tackles and halfbacks in California, regardless of scholastic attainment or aptitude.Of course, if the alumni lose the following year, theseroughies would be expelled, and vice versa.Now as to who should prepare the examination,conduct it and make the award. It should be an impartial committee, of course, and one interested in the highscholastic achievements of The University of Ghicago.How about three professors from Northwestern?*The author, after writing this article, continued so far as togive the matter some thought, and now believes that teams should beentered from the Order of the C, the Class of 1911, Buildings andGrounds, and the Board of Trustees. — Ed.FOOTBALL IN NINETY- FIVE(Continued from Page 8)subs would be lolling like Madame Recamier on marbleslabs, kneaded and slapped by semi-human beings calledrubbers until their bodies looked pretty and red likethe blush on a young girl's cheek. Swedish massagefor "athaletes" came in style next season along withso much armor that the football playground looked likea jousting field — King Arthur at the court of Yankees.Apparently rubbing and massage is not harmful — wedid not lose a single substitute all season — but it's sucha waste of time, and it tickles. We used to pause foran instant on our way to the nearest bar to watch thedumb subs being sweetly patted and cooed over by MaxBeutner and his myrmidons. And the thoughtful inour midst realized that we were witnessing the beginningof the greatest industry in the United States, the BeautyParlor Business, which has left far behind it in importance the movies, the automobiles, and even the banks,as cautiously and conservatively administered by frenziedand ruthless officials.COLLEGE ASSOCIATION NOMINATIONSElections for offices in the College Alumni Association will be held in May, by a Magazine ballot. Results will be announcedin the June Magazine. Additional nominations may be made by petition, signed by twenty-five members of the College Association, in good standing; such petition must be sent to the Alumni Council Office by May 5. Following are the nominationsmade by the Nominating Committee of the College Association.For PresidentJosephine Allin, *99Arthur C. Cody, '24 For Vice-PresidentGeraldine Brown Gillcey, IIBarbara Miller Simpson, '18Frances Henderson Higgins, '20Agness Kaufman, '03, EdB '05Frank McNair, '03Herbert Markhani, '06 For Executive CommitteeLouise Norton Swain, '09, AM '16William G. Gorgas, '19Phyllis Taylor Christie '20J. Milton Coulter, '18Delegates to the Alumni Council'16J. Craig Redmon,Harvey Harris, '14Elizabeth Saylor, '35Mrs. Florence Fanning Dunihue, 'IIJ. Kenneth Laird, Jr., *25NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES• By JOHN P. HOWE, '27AT the 183rd Convocation on March 21st, during which 236 degrees and certificates were conferred, President Hutchins revealed in his annualconvocation statement that the University has received$5,300,000 in gifts since March of 1935. Most of thesegifts have been for purposes highly specific. Largest isthe sum of $2,900,000 received under the will of thelate Walter G. Zoller, coal magnate, who died in 1933.This fund is to be used for research and clinical workin dentistry.Among those receiving diplomas was Mrs. EthelM. Bennett, who won the bachelor's degree after tenyears of work in the University College downtown, andachieved Phi Beta Kappa, meanwhile keeping up herduties as a housewife, with three children and a husband,and finding time to be for two years president of theBeverly Hills Women's Club.* * * *NEW HORMONEDiscovery of a new hormone, obtained from thepancreas, which may greatly improve the treatment ofdiabetes, was reported to the American PhysiologicalSociety late in March by three members of the University's department of surgery, Drs. Lester R. Drag-stedt, John von Prohaska and Herman P. Harms. Thehormone apparently controls the utilization of fats inthe body somewhat as insulin controls the utilization ofsugar.The Chicago surgeons reported that when the pancreas of a dog is completely removed, the animal cannotbe kept alive for more than two or three months, evenif it is given adequate amounts of insulin; at death anextreme infiltration of the liver with fat is found. Thenew Chicago hormone, when given together with insulin, suffices to prevent the infiltration of fat in the diabetic dog and permits him to live probably a normallife span.No application of the new hormone to human sufferers from diabetes has yet been made. It is known,however, that the diabetic patient cannot be returnedto a fully normal state, even though insulin is used, butsuffers from a disturbance in the utilization of fat whichoften causes a premature arteriosclerosis, as well as otherdifficulties. The amount of fat in the diets of diabeticsmust be more or less restricted.The name selected for the new hormone (after consultation with Prof. Carl Buck in the philology department) is "Lipocaic." The substance was obtained byextracting fresh beef pancreas with alcohol. Inert fatand other substances were removed with ether. At present the alcohol extract containing the hormone is not apure preparation, but probably includes inert materials.Experiments looking toward its preparation in pure,crystalline form are being undertaken. WINGS OVER SOUTH AMERICACompleting a unique adventure in geographical research, Professor Robert S. Platt of the University andhis wife have returned from a 7-month, 20,000-mile expedition which carried them through the heart of SouthAmerica in quest of new geographical knowledge. Some18,000 miles of their travel was by airplane, and manyof their scientific observations were made from the air.The expedition was the seventh and final leg of aprogram of expeditions to Latin America, begun by Dr.Platt in 1922, in which he has pioneered in a new approach to geographical work. A primary purpose wasthe study of "the patterns of land occupance." Two principal methods were used, detailed ground studies oftypical communities, and airplane reconnaissance, witha running "traverse record" over large areas of thecontinent.In the seven expeditions Dr. Platt has ranged byplane over the West Indies, Central America and thelength and breadth of the South American continent,and has made detailed ground studies at seventy sites.The trip from which he has now returned fills the gapsin his record. On this expedition, and on several previous ones, Mrs. Platt has been his co-worker.In their studies from the air the Platts make extensive notes, charts and photographs of the configuration of the country, especially in relation to the economicuses to which it is put. The relation between zones ofplantation and forest, zones of occupance and non-occu-pance, and the relation of communities, rural and urban,to the general topography is studied, as are transitionareas between typical configurations. The program hasnot been one of mapping but of the study of the typical,both in a general and a detailed way.Dr. and Mrs. Platt have made some 25,000 photographs, 11,000 of them on their most recent trip.They flew from Miami to British Guiana last September, thence down the east coast to a point in Brazilwhere they made ground studies for several weeks. Returning to the Amazon River, they flew 300 miles upthe river to another ground site, then flew another 300miles into the interior of Brazil. At this point, airplanefacilities not being readily available, they traveled another 1,000 miles inland by boat.Crossing the Andes Mountains, the Platts made aseries of air and ground studies in Peru and Ecuador,proceeded to Panama, and wound up their research inHonduras. Most of their air travel was by commercialplane, but in Peru they chartered a Peruvian army plane.Although he minimizes the hazards of the expedition, Dr. Platt admits that their plane reconnoitered overremote areas near the Peru-Ecuador border where thepilot, in landing, frequently had to bring the amphibianship down in lake and river waters unfamiliar to himand filled with logs and other obstructions.24THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 25HALL PROFESSORSHIP TO BOGERTProfessor George Gleason Bogert has been appointedto the James Parker Hall professorship of law, to succeed the late Professor Edward Hinton, eminent scholarin procedural law, President Hutchins announced thismonth.Former Dean of the College of Law of Cornell University, Professor Bogert has been at the University ofChicago Law School since October, 1925. He is an outstanding authority in the law of trusts and aeronauticallaw. Last year he published the work of ten years ofresearch, a seven-volume treatise on the law of trustsand trustees which is the most important study on themodern development of the use of trusts and the modern trust company. More than 22,000 cases were analyzed in the preparation of his work.Professor Bogert is a member of the New Yorkbar, before which he practiced for several years ; he wasfor several years chairman of the Committee on thePreparation of Uniform Trust Legislation for the Conference on Uniform Laws, and he has been an adviseron trusts to the American Law Institute. During thewar he was divisional Judge Advocate with the 78thAmerican division in France.At its Christmas meeting the Association of American Law Schools elected Prof. Bogert its president for1936.* * * *A PROGRAM FOR FEDERAL TAXATIONThe federal income tax should be developed intothe "predominant source of American governmental revenue," in the opinion of Professor Henry Simons, University expert on fiscal policy, who addressed the CookCounty League of Women Voters this month on thefuture of federal' taxation.The purpose of increasing the income tax revenueshould be two-fold, according to Professor Simons ; ( 1 )that of eliminating excises and tariffs as an importantsource of federal revenue; and (2) that of returning tothe states a sufficient share of income-tax collections tocheck and prevent recourse to objectionable revenue devices by the states.Professor Simons listed four serious flaws in ourexisting federal income tax which must be repaired, asfollows : ( 1 ) the exemption of interest on governmentalobligations must be abolished; (2) the rental value ofreal estate used by the owner for consumption purposesmust be included in taxable personal income; (3) thelaw must be considerably overhauled to secure fullertaxation of capital gains especially, to prevent avoidanceof tax with respect to gains on property held until death ;and (4) provision should be made for rebates in caseswhere individuals pay much larger taxes merely becauseof wide fluctuations in their annual taxable income.Rates of income tax, especially in the so-called middle and lower brackets, should be promptly raised toabout the English level, Professor Simons said. Thewhole structure of estate, inheritance, and gift taxesshould be abandoned in favor of the taxation of allgifts, inheritances and bequests to the recipients as personal income. It is not a fault, but a great merit, of a revenuesystem based predominantly on the income tax that revenues would fluctuate widely between periods of boomand depression, Professor Simons said.Among the worst of the present levies are those onbeer and tobacco, according to Prof. Simons. Text-bookwriters defend these taxes on the grounds that thesecommodities are luxuries or semi-luxuries, he said, "butsuch distinctions involve only a stupid sort of moralizing— and I always insist on observing, in such contest, theword 'luxuries' must be understood to denote thingswhich the poor ought to do without and won't."* * * *LASSWELL ON RED PROPAGANDACommunist groups of the United States are reducing their emphasis on Soviet symbols of propagandaand are adopting instead American terminology andissues to forward their cause, Harold D. Lasswell, associate professor of political science, says in a series ofpublic lectures on a comparison of radical and anti-radicalpropaganda in America.Professor Lasswell, an authority in the field of propaganda techniques and their relation to political organization, recently completed a study of communist literature and propaganda, particularly in Chicago."One of the ways in which revolutionary leadersseeking to unify the world are restricted is through geographical isolation," he said. "There is counter propaganda to stigmatize those who have seized power. Thus,the French Revolution used a universal language, the'unity of the world,' but the opposition to its philosophyin other countries could effectively point out that it wasa 'French revolution,' and that its ideas were the ideasof Frenchmen."The tendency is toward parochialization of the revolutionary ideas. Because it is tied up by its foreignopponents with the Third International, the ideology ofcommunism tends to become more patriotic and parochial. This fact is nicely illustrated by the communisttolerance today of the term 'Fatherland' as opposed tothe earlier insistence on a 'Socialist Fatherland,' whichwas trustee for the world. Communism in its own homeis already becoming sentimentalized in terms of Russiannationalism, rather than universal brotherhood.Fort Dearborn Post No. IProfessor Schuman Convulses V. F. W.26 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. MAGAZINE"...BUT I AM GOING TO EGYPT..."In an impressive service at the University Chapel,two thousand of his friends and colleagues this monthpaid tribute to the memory of Professor James H.Breasted, distinguished University Orientalist and historian, who died December 2.In accordance with what Dr. Breasted would havewished, the service was not one of conventional mourning. The Chicago Symphony Orchestra, under Dr. Frederick Stock, played Dr. Breasted's favorite music forone hour, and Dr. Robert M. Hutchins, president of theUniversity, read briefly from the works and personalcorrespondence of the eminent scholar.From one letter, written by Professor Breasted toa son, President Hutchins read the following passage :". . .1 have moments of indignant protest and rebellion. . . . But I look up at the driving autumn cloudsand I am filled with peace and with wonder and gratitude that I have been given a place in this marvelousuniverse, where I can at least pick up a few pebbles andpluck a flower here and there."If I suffer, it is only by virtue of those cunninglaws without which the whole world would be unthinkable. I am ready to bow my head and give thankswhatever happens ... it will probably be months before I can walk as I used to do. I cannot walk . . .to my office . . . but I am going to Egypt, if I go ona stretcher . . . ! One thing I know : my soul is filledwith mercy for every creature and I will trust thatmercy and follow it as if it came from on high. Perhaps it does ..."The orchestra, of which Dr. Breasted was a lifelong enthusiast, played Schubert's "Unfinished" symphony, the "Prize Song" from Wagner's "Die Meister-singer," and the second and fourth movements of Beethoven's "Eroica" symphony.The readings from Dr. Breasted's works stressed"the dawn of conscience" in the human race, about whichDr. Breasted wrote and spoke frequently, describing itas "the greatest discovery in the whole course of evolution.""Who does not know the Pyramids of Cheops?"Dr. Breasted wrote. "There was no hewn architectureanywhere on earth when the pyramids of Gizeh arose.. . Conceive, then, the dauntless courage of the manwho told his surveyors to lay out the square base 755feet on each side ! . . . This is the first time in the history of man that we are . . . able to put our yardstickathwart a human mind and take the measure of its courage in terms of cubic feet of masonry and colossal organizing ability in engineering never again to be equaled.The great Pyramid of Gizeh is ... a document in thehistory of the human mind."Here . . . was a man still under the tremendousimpression of the physical world about him, but not yetaware of the world within him — a world of new andhigher values ... of inner impulses about to become. . . the voice of conscience. . . When five or six hundred years of desert storms had buffeted the Great Pyramid and its companions on the Sahara plateau, a thoughtful Egyptian looked up at them and sang of the colossalfutility of merely physical survival of the body. . . "We begin to hear remote voices . . . proclaim theutter futility of material conquest. As if through thedust and tumult of an engrossing conflict, man for thefirst time caught something of the veiled splendor of themoral vision. . . Thus the Egyptians were the discoverers of character."Not projected from the outside into a world of unworthy men by some mystic process . . . but springingout of man's own life . . . the dawn of the age of conscience and character broke upon the world. . . It is thegreatest discovery in the whole course of evolution asfar as it is known to us. . . The long and rising trailfrom savagery to character reveals an unconquerablebuoyancy of the human soul that has somehow issuedfrom the deeps and risen so high."* * * *LITERATURE AND AMERICAN LIFEPublished this month under title of Literature andAmerican Life is the magnum opus of Professor PercyHolmes Boynton, long-time leader of the University'swork in the field of .^_^^^^^«„,American literature.Professor Boyntonpresents the American literary sceneand its relation toAmerican history in900 pages of livelyand incisive writing.A few representativequotations from theBoynton book:Emerson — Atthe point where hebegan to consider thePuritans in theirtheology, the onlyPuritan trait left inhim was his bent forapostasy.Thoreau — Aswith most childrenand many shy adults,the presence of other Percy H. BoyntonFan mail, mayhap?people — even the thought of them — roused a certainperversity in him, stirring him to strut and crow.Holmes — A position of this sort . . . raises theholder to the level of local sage, and assesses him thepenalty which attends a diet on adulation — a form ofintellectual flatulence. It is a danger which faces theteacher, the lay preacher, and the local poet laureate,and Holmes was all three.Emily Dickinson — An unfortunate fact attendingher celebrity is that inquisitive biographers have fabricated a succession of conflicting romances. They cancelout like factors in multiplication of improper fractions,and arrive at product of minus one.H. L. Mencken and Stuart Sherman — By the timethey were frankly calling names the argument had turnedinto a performance, and the debaters into exhibitionists.It became a game of which, being men of resource andimagination, they both naturally tired.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 27NOTED . . .President Hutchins this month received the goldmedal of the Holland Society of New York, granted tohim for distinguished service to education. The occasiontaking less time than he supposed, Dr. Hutchins foundthat he could take a night train from New York to Chicago, and canceled the reservation he had made on theplane which crashed on a mountain near Pittsburgh thenext morning with a loss of eleven lives. Later this monthDr. Hutchins was to deliver the four Storrs lectures atYale. . . The split among leaders of the TownsendPlan movement has been attributed in part to Congressman John McGroarty's remarks during a debatewith Professor Harry Gideonse of Chicago, whichwas broadcast March 21st by the Columbia network through arrangement with the Alumni Committeeon Information and Development. Congressman Mc-Groarty, who introduced the "Townsend" bill in Congress, revealed during the debate that his bill was notdesigned to produce $200 a month for people over 60...Of the three nationally known experts on public administration recently appointed by President Rooseveltto make a survey of government agencies with an eyeto the possibilities of coordination, two are from the Midway — Professor Charles E. Merriam, chairman of thepolitical science department, and Louis Brownlow, lecturer in political science and executive secretary of thePublic Administration Clearing House. . . Professor PaulDouglas of the economics department has returned fromsix months in Italy with pungent comment on the economics of Fascism and the restiveness of many Italiansunder the Mussolini regime. . . Lively at the moment onthe campus is "Fort Dearborn Post No. 1 of the Veterans of Future Wars," local manifestation of the Princeton-started movement. The local prospective veteransurge the immediate payment of a bonus, to be financedwith bonds secured by the unpaid principal and intereston the war debts. . . In one of its most ambitious ventures, the University Dramatic Association this monthproduced Goethe's "Faust" as its annual spring revival.. . Spring quarter registration on the quadrangles showsan increase of 6.9% over the corresponding period lastyear. . . Award of 206 fellowships and graduate scholarships for the next academic year, of a total value of $95,-780, was announced this month. The recipients, nearlyall of whom are seeking the Ph.D., were chosen fromamong more than twelve hundred applicants. . . Prof. A.R. Radcliffe-Brown of the anthropology department, most'traveled' member of the cosmopolitan Chicago faculty,returned late last month following a six-month trip toChina to organize a study of Chinese village organization.He was in Tokio when the Japanese army group attemptedto seize control of the government. . . Prolific T. V.Smith, philosopher, state senator, radio table-rounder,has written a new book, "The Promise of AmericanPolitics," published by the University Press, and a muchdiscussed criticism of President Hutchins, new book,which appears in the current issue of The InternationalJournal of Ethics. . . Army records of Xerxes, Persianemperor whose legions were defeated by the Greeks atthe battles of Marathon 'and Salamis, have arrived at theOriental Institute. They are are incised on 29,000 clay tablets, and are part of a shipment of 93 cases of antiquities forwarded to Chicago by the Institute's expedition at Persepolis. . . Professor Arthur H. Compton hasreturned from a Pacific Ocean trip during which he installed on the S.S. Orangi, operating between Vancouverand Sidney, one of his latest model cosmic ray meters.Six similar instruments have been or are being installedin widely separated parts of the world.It Was Too Life!A Letter to the EditorNOTING Carl Grabo's comments on my story, ThisWas Life, I am impelled to call to your attentionthe fact that you should not have set a child to reviewthe reminiscences of a sexagenarian. Look at the twopictures, of Prof. Grabo and of me, that accompanythe review, and you will see what I mean. As for thecomments themselves:Prof. Grabo objects to putting a line from Moody'spoetry into the mouth of Cabot, who is not Moody. Butwhat Cabot said was not Moody's line, but an originationand suggestion of Moody's' line, which was not writtentill years later. Moody may not have got the suggestionfrom Cabot. But he knew Cabot well, was much influenced by Cabot, and may very well have taken suggestions from him as Coleridge did from Wordsworth,or Goldsmith from Sam Johnson.Prof. Grabo shows that the word "kid," meaning asmall boy, was in occasional use in America as early asthe 1880's. No doubt. What I said was that it was notin the American vocabulary. We did not use it on thequadrangles in the middle 'nineties, when Prof. Grabowas not yet one.Prof. Grabo doubts whether we read Conrad, as Isay we did, in the middle 'nineties. He insists that heand Fred Bramhall and Sherlock Gass and particularlyCharley Huston discovered Conrad in 1901 or 1902. Nodoubt, for themselves. Nott Flint and I read bothAlmayer's Folly and The Nigger of the Narcissus in the'nineties. Probably it was not until 1901 or thereaboutsthat Prof. Grabo became aware of square root. But itwas known to others B. G.Finally Prof. Grabo declares we in the ninetieshad no "social consciousness." Well, we spent a gooddeal of time around Hull House and the University ofChicago Settlement. Prof. Grabo might inquire of ScottBond and Phil Rand, among others. I wonder if it ispossible that Prof. Grabo never heard of Albion Small,and never knew that the first "Department of Sociology"in any university in the United States was started atthe University of Chicago in 1892?"In August," once wrote another author whosestories we read in the 'nineties, "was the jackal born;the rains came in September. /Now such another storm,'he said, T really can't remember'." Prof. Grabo will asa scholar recognize the quotation, and as a reviewer perceive the application.James Weber Linn, '97.A XI I! r--r!/*"^CScores of the MonthBaseballChicago, 3; Illinois Wesleyan, 12Chicago, 3 ; Illinois Wesleyan, 6Chicago, 8; Armour, 3Chicago, 6; Carleton, 3Chicago, 22; Purdue, 16Chicago, 5 ; Armour, 4TrackChicago, 67; Nothern Illinois Teachers, 64PRING weather that is a touch bitter even forCoach Shaughnessy's pupils in spring footballpractice has so retarded the various Chicago teamsthat their prospective performances are uncertain. Thebaseball team has managed to edge in a few games anddemonstrate that if it has any pitching it will make another good race in the conference. The track team, holding most of its meet with Northern Illinois Teachersin the shelter of the field house, confirmed the suspicionthat Ray Ellinwood and perhaps Berwanger are its onlyimportant elements. Walter Hebert, the successor toAlonzo Stagg, Jr., as coach of the tennis team, has yetto put his team against outside opposition.Mr. Shaughnessy has been working a squad of varying proportions four afternoons a week, aided by JulianLopez, Bob Deem, John Baker and Ewald Nyquist.An air of melancholy seems to hang over the discussionof football prospects because of the completion of thegreat Berwanger's career and the acknowledged factthat his duplicate will be a long time in coming along.The Berwanger miracles were so much relied upon thatthere is some danger that his bereft band may take adespondent attitude come the Saturday afternoons of nextautumn.One rather promising new backfield is on display,however, with the veteran Warren Skoning and thesophomores, Morton Goodstein, Lewis Hamity, and Sol-lie Sherman, as its members. Goodstein, a hard hitting215 pounder, shows every indication of real ability, andSherman comes up with a considerable high school reputation as the leading scorer of the City league. The obvious defect of this unit is its lack of experience. Butwith such men as Ned Bartlett, Omar Fareed, Bob Fitzgerald and Fred Lehnhardt, and several other fairly goodsophomore backs for Shaughnessy to draw upon, thereis little likelihood that this spring backfield will playtogether. It simply shapes up as the best that can beformed out of the candidates reporting this spring.Bigger worry than the matter of backs to Mr.Shaughnessy is his line, which will not be any toostrongly reenforced after he picks his first group. Co-captain Sam Whiteside's progress toward recovery fromthe injury he received in wrestling is slow, and he islending moral support only to the squad. • By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN, s20f JD "22South of the Midway, Coach Kyle Anderson hasassembled a smart and aggressive baseball team whoseone uncertainty is the quality of its pitching, the all important element of college or any other baseball. "Buss"Yedor, who won six games for Chicago last year, pitcheda few innings against Illinois Wesleyan and hasn'tpitched since in the cold weather. Lie reports a soreshoulder that so far has defined satisfactory diagnosis.Unless he is able to carry the burden of the pitching, theteam will not go far, despite its real hitting strengthand a fine defensive infield. Connor Laird can fill infor Yedor, but he cannot carry a heavy pitching schedule. Joe Mastrofsky, a sophomore, will do good reliefpitching this season, but needs development, and PaulAmundsen, the 6 foot 5 inch basketball center, is stilltoo unreliable to be counted upon. Co-captain BillHaarlow, first baseman, who has plenty of speed, probably will be used in critical games to finish up with acouple of innings of pitching.So far, the Maroon team has been hitting hard andoften, its most convincing performance being against Purdue in the conference opener, when twenty hits weremade. Coach Anderson has his men playing smart andalert baseball, and they will make most of the Big Tenteams, usually none too seasoned, look silly when theystart running the bases. Anderson's men even steal homewith nonchalance, and their tactics will get most of theiropponents throwing the ball around. And when collegeball players begin throwing the ball, they usually throwit out of the lot. When collapse of pitching let Purdueget fourteen runs in two innings, the team's hitting andaggressive base running retrieved the game.Henry Trojka, a transfer from Morton Junior college, at second base ; French White, Oak Park sophomore, at short; and Haarlow at first, are the key menof the infield. White has big league possibilities andshould be the most important addition to the team thisyear.Three of the four men who won the Big Ten teamtitle in tennis last year are back this spring. They areCapt. Norman Bickel, Herbert Mertz and Norbert Burgess, winners, respectively, of the No. 2, 3 and 4 bracketsin the 1935 singles. Bickel and Burgess teamed to takethe No. 2 singles also. Mertz and Burgess are abouteven at present in their fight for the No. 2 ranking.Fourth man is John Shostrom, sophomore, who was topranking junior player in Chicago while in high school,but whose game was badly impaired by ill-advised switching of style before he came to the University. CoachHebert has Shostrom playing one style, for the durationof the season at least, and by the time of the Big Tenmeet he may be back to something approximating hisreal form. The competition in the Big Ten this year isstifler than ever, and another championship is unlikely.Bickel, however, will be a much better player this yearthan last, when he was recovering from an appendectomy.28THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe Bickel-Burgess doubles team, which played togetherin Oak Park high school, is a strong combination. Thereare two notable freshmen, the Murphy twins, Chesterand William, who last year rated one and two in thecity junior rankings.Jay Berwanger will enter decathlon competition atthe Kansas Relays, the first time he has competed in thisstrenuous program since his sophomore year, when hefinished fourth in the same meet. Berwanger's prospects for the Olympics are poor at present, for he isfar below form in his two best events, the shot andbroad jump.Come June, the famous Class of "EE-O-LEV-JEN"will celebrate its Silver Anniversary of graduation.Famed as the peppiest undergraduate class of at least thefirst two decades of the University, 1911 has equally distinguished itself as the liveliest alumni group of anyyear. (Though challenged, this statement has neverbeen disproved!)One of its members, Milton E. Robinson, Jr., hasbeen appointed general chairman of the University Reunion for 1936, and in co-operation with him, the executive committee of the 1911 class has integrated its planswith the program of the general reunion and now offersto its 500 known living members a truly unusual program covering four days beginning June 11th.The permanent president of the 1911 class, genialVallee O. Appel, has appointed a Silver AnniversaryReunion executive committee headed by Paul H. Davisas general chairman ; Mesdames Geraldine Brown Gilkeyand Margaret Hackett Sears; Messrs. Appel, HargraveA. Long, J. Arthur Miller and Milton E. Robinson, Jr.,as the other members. The first outburst of the classpaper, "EE-O-LEV-EN", published for 29 years, hasalready been mailed to all living members, and two more"spasms" of the same will be sent to the members before Reunion.The 1911 program includes, in addition to theregular University Reunion events, the following special occasions for "EE-O-LEV-EN" :Thursday Evening, June nth: Separate dinnersfor the men and women members, at convenient downtown addresses.Friday Evening: A joint dinner for men and womenat a South Side site, for the special entertainment ofout-of-town Reunioners.Saturday, June 13: Following the alumni conference Saturday afternoon, a buffet supper will be servedat the home of Dr. and Mrs. Charles W. Gilkey,(Geraldine Brown), at 5802 Woodlawn avenue. Thencethe class will adjourn to take part in the UniversitySing, conducted for the twenty-sixth' time by its classmate, S. Edwin Earle. From the Sing and the traditional playing of "Alma Mater" on the chimes, the classwill adjourn for a supper party at a convenient locationon or near the campus, at which all members and theirspouses will relax and "reune" until the wee sma' hoursof the morning. Captain Campbell Wilson of the fencing team, another of the local Olympic candidates, won the Mid- Westchampionship in epee, but lost his foils title. Bob Fin-wall, 145-pound champion in the Big Ten, was beatenin the final of the National Collegiate meet by a slightmargin, but qualified for the Olympic finals trial. EdValorz, light heavyweight, a freshman, also will competein the meet to determine the American team.Four captains were elected at the annual awardsdinner : Wrestling— Robert Finwall ; Water Polo— Robert H. Betlike; Fencing — Henry N. Lemon and JamesWalters; Gymnastics — Nelson Wetherell.Sunday, J line 14th: Class president Appel andGeneral Chairman Davis and their wives will entertainthe members at progressive afternoon and evening teasat their homes in Highland Park and Kenilworth. Distinguished and honorary members of the class will bespecial guests.It is planned that each member of the class willreceive as a part of the Silver Anniversary a specialReunion Souvenir, which will include copies or summaries of letters and reproductions of pictures of allmembers of "Chicago's best class", such souvenir to be,in the language of its advance notice, such as "trulyto reflect the brilliance and the luster which the glamorous and clamorous Class of 1911 has uniformly shedupon our glorious University."1911 members are requested to write class presidentVallee O. Appel at 1000 Fulton Street, Chicago, whetheror not they are coming.TWENTIETH REUNIONThe plans for the 20th reunion of the Class of 1916are progressing steadily with replies already received inresponse to a questionnaire indicating a record attendance.Briefly, the present plans are for an informal supperparty for all sixteeners as the guests of Isabel Mac-Murray Anderson, at her home 5009 Greenwood Avenue, on Friday night, June 12th. On Saturday, theannual luncheon will be held in the dining room adjoining the Commons. This is a joint luncheon of theSixteeners and Seventeeners, at which James WeberLinn will be the guest speaker. Also at this luncheon,Lyn Lesch will show some new colored movies ofprevious reunions.After the luncheon, the annual baseball game between the Sixteeners an'd Seventeeners will be played.This will be a great contest, as last year the Sixteenerswon, thus evening up the score to nine games won byeach class, (at least that was the score announced bythe umpire at the end of last year's game.) An experienced umpire is being sought to officiate — (volunteersplease send in credentials.)The Sixteeners, who will admit under pressure thatthey make up the "Class Supreme," will have a specialtable at the Alumni Reunion Supper on Saturday evening.1911,1916, FIRST CLASSES TO ANNOUNCE REUNIONS30 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINELOOK, MARY A*ioRAISE!. . . and all because he learnedhow to put his ideas across• YOUR boss wants good ideas too. Are yougetting full credit for yours? There's oneway to make sure. Type them out in clear,understandable form on your own Remington Portable. You'll be surprised how seeingwords in cleancut black and white speeds upyour own thinking. Best of all, neat, typewritten ideas command executive attention. . . make a good impression for you wherever they go.Used by the Whole FamilyA typewriter in the home is always busy.Dad can dash off work in double-quick timewith a Remington. The younger childrenlove it for home lessons and compositions.Mother, too, considers it better form to typepersonal and social correspondence becausethe result is so much neater, cleaner andeasier to read. Big sister and brother . . .whether it's journalism, business, advertising, writing, selling . . . find a typewritergives them a better start on the job.Many a "born" writer would never havefound it out without his Remington Portable.NOW 10c A DAY BUYS AREMINGTONNOISELESS!The greatest typewriter bargain in tenyears — a genuineRemington NoiselessPortable for only tencents a day! Makesonly a whisper of sound. Full size platen. Standardtwelve-yard ribbon. Back spacer. Carrying case andeasy course in typing included free. Ten - day freetrial offer. Send coupon today for full details.MAIL COUPON TODAYRemington Rand Inc., Dept. 317-C205 East 42nd Street, New York CityHow can I get a Remington Noiseless for only tencents a day. Include details often- day free trial offer.Name Address NEWS OF THE CLASSESTentative ProgramTiijri) Annual Alumni ReunionSouth Side Medical SchoolJune 15, 1936Clinical and Scientific Program to BeHeld at the University of ChicagoClinics.Morning Session8-10 A. M. — Operative surgery at Billings Hospital.10-12 A. M— Clinics by the Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology.Noon — Lunch at Billings.2- 4 P. M. — The Alumni program.The following graduateshave signified their willingness to present papersand participate in themeeting.William TuttleW. H. TuckerArchibald MclntyreJohn GlynnM. BodanskyTownsend FriedmanM. FriedmanMaurice FriendVernon DeYoungGeorge CrislerJohn VanProhaskaHerman HarmsJoseph JohnsonGeorge V. LeRoyL. E. JosselynNormand HoerrSylvia BensleyGail DackW. Brooks Steen6 :30 P. M— A nnual Faculty andAlumni Dinner at JudsonCourt, 1005 E. 60th St.Toastmaster — W. B.Steen, President AlumniAssociationFour speakers will say afew words for his respective division of theUniversity.1. Administration, Mr.Frederic Woodward,Vice President of theUniversity of Chicago.2. Faculty, Dr. Dallas B.Phemister, Plead of theDept. of Surgery, SouthSide Medical School,University of Chicago.3. Alumni, Normand L.Hoerr, Class of 1931.4. Senior Class, W. C.Goodpasture, Pres. 1936.1929Reporter — Sylvia Bensley,Department of Anatomy,University of Chicago.Sylvia H. Bensley is an instructorand is teaching gross anatomy. She isresearching on pulmonary alveolar epithelium.Isee L. Connei.l is an Obstetricianin Birmingham, Alabama.William W. Refern is deceased.Emory Ross Struaser interned at St. Lukes hospital in Chicago, worked indermatology at Rush Medical College,and is now practicing medicine at 5439Ellis Ave., Chicago.1930Reporter — W. B. Steen,Dept. of Medicine,University of Chicago.Raymond Baer went to the HarperHospital in Detroit, Michigan, to intern and the supposition is that he is inpractice in the same city.Llewelyn P. Howell interned inmedicine at Billings and went to theMayo Clinic. He is still located atRochester, Minn.Joseph L. Johnson is Professor andHead of the department of Physiologyof the Howard University School ofMedicine. He has been a very faithfulsupporter of the Alumni Associationand has made annual trips from Washington to our reunions.Graham Kerwein served an internship and assistant residency in the surgery department at Billings Hospital.He has gone into private practice andindustrial surgery with MontgomeryWard and Co.William Brooks Steen went fromthe department of Anatomy to an internship at the Cook County Hospitaland a Residency in the Pathology department. In 1934 he returned to thedepartment of medicine.Ruth E. Stocking is with the Michigan Department of Health at Lansing.Edward E. Terrell is at the Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute inNew York.1931Reporter — N. L. Hoerr,Department of Anatomy,University of Chicago.Rayburn C. Austin is in privatepractice in Bloomington, Ind.George Crisler, after spending anumber of years as professor of physiology at the University of West Virginia, is now at the Mayo Clinic, specializing in internal medicine, particularly cardio-vascular diseases.Alexander Davis is in private practice in Chicago.Chester Davis is practicing medicine in Lincoln, 111.Lois Day holds a fellowship at theMayo Clinic.Vernon DeYoung is specializing inpediatrics here in Chicago, and expectsto have a youngster of his own to practice on any day now.Alfred Dick is at the Kansas StateTuberculosis Sanatorium, Norton, Kansas.Egbert Fell is resident surgeon atthe Presbyterian Hospital.Normand L. Hoerr is assistant professor of anatomy here at the U. of C.Bruce Hollister is practicing inWest Chicago.William Jones is on the staff ofophthalmology at Billings and also atProvident Hospital.Thomas Kane after completing anTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 31internship at Billings, died in 1932 ofmeningitis.Archibald McIntyre is acting chairman of the department of physiologyand pharmacology at the University ofNebraska.James O'Leary is assistant professorof histology and neurology at Washington University Medical School in St.Louis, Mo.Guillermo Pacheco is practicing inLa Paz, Bolivia.Robert Porter is with the GreeleyClinic, Greeley, Colo., as their internist.He was for a time chief resident inmedicine at Billings.Virginia Jackola Reuter was resident in X-ray at Billings last year, andis now in private practice.Lucille Robey is practicing medicinein Houston, Texas, emphasizing cardiovascular-renal diseases.William Tuttle is practicing surgery in Detroit, Mich.Donald Yochem is director of theLicking County Tuberculosis Sanatorium, Licking County, Ohio.1932Reporter — Harold Huston,Dept. of Medicine,University of Chicago.Charles Barrett is in general practice and diagnostic laboratory in SaltLake City, Utah. Box 246.Louis Barron, when last heard fromwas with Dr. George Curtis at theStarling-Loving Hospital of the Medical School of the Ohio State Universityat Columbus.Irving Blieiweiss is at 11620 Tim-blett Ave., Cleveland. He finished aPediatrics internship and residency inthe Bobs Roberts Hospital about 18months ago.Donald Creel is in general practiceat Angola in north-eastern Indiana.When last seen he had worked himselfinto a lumbo-sacral strain.Justin A. Frank was at the GeneralHospital at San Luis Obispo, California.Townsend Friedman is at home,5105 Drexel Blvd., Chicago, with offices at 104 S. Michigan Ave. His practice is limited to allergic diseases withpublications as to eosinophilia andallergic pneumania. There is one littleFriedman.John Glynn is still with the department of Bacteriology at McGill University doing research with publicationsas to histio-bacteriological relations ofStaphlycoccus and other infections.There is a young John Glynn.Cornelius Hospers is full time pathologist at the Englewood Hospital inChicago.Harold Huston is still one of themainstays in the X-Ray division at theUniversity of Chicago Clinics.Adelaide Johnson has spent severalyears with Adolp Meyer in Baltimore inPsychiatry and is at present lookingafter his private practice.Livingston Josselyn is in generalpractice at 303 Waukegan Ave., High-wood, Illinois. His last publication wasas to the nature of the pulmonary alveolar lining. There is one young Josselyn. THE PROVINCES OF FRANCElSK your Travel Agent to show youhow easy it is to include Brittany in aninexpensive trip abroad.Travel along its picturesque coast . . . homeland of some of the greatest sailors in the world. . . men who still go out in tiny boats to fishoff the Grand Banks of Newfoundland . . .men who in the past, like Jacques Cartier, wentout to found new empires . . . men like Duguay-Trouin, who ranks with Nelson and Paul Jonesin naval history. (Many of these historic seaports are also smart modern summer resorts.)Inland you'll see quaint head-dresses . . .solemn pardons . . . marvelous Gothic churches. . . frowning castles that once resounded to theheavy tread of Duguesclin and his men-at-arms.Let your Travel Agent make all arrangements. His expert advice costs you nothing.tlO FIFTH AVENUE (ROCKEFELLER CENTER), NEW YORKTo England and France direct, and thus to all Europe: Normandie, May 12 • Paris, April 11Ile de France, April 23 • Lafayette, April 18 Champlain, May 232 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEChicago & North Western's de luxeair-conditioned trains serve more ofthe scenic wonderlands of the Westand Northwest than any other railroad. Let our travel experts tell youabout attractively low Summer fares,which to many destinations permit achoice of routes, going and returning,without extra cost.BLACK HILLS OF SOUTH DAKOTANORTH WOODS OF WISCONSINUPPER MICHIGAN and MINNESOTACOLORADO; YELLOWSTONE; ZION-BRYCE-GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARKSCALIFORNIA— BOULDER DAMPACIFIC NORTHWESTCANADIAN ROCKIES— 'ALASKAAsk any C. &N.W. Representative or writeR. THOMSONPassenger Traffic Manager400 W. Madison St., Chicago, 111.2481Chicago & Northwestern Ry. Bernard Kane is in general practiceat Amory, Mississippi.John Meredith is Resident in Roentgenology at Billings Hospital.John Mills is at the Mayo Clinic.Joel Sam met is with the Tumorclinic of the Veterans Hospital at HinesIllinois, formerly with the tumor clinicat Michael Reese Hospital.George Stuppy is in general practiceat 6104 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago.Arthur Vorwald is engaged inpathological research at the TrudeauSanatorium, Saranac Lake, New York.Alven Weil is at the City Hospitalin Akron, Ohio.1933Reporter — Gail Dack,Dept. of Bacteriology,University of Chicago.There are 30 graduates from theSouth Side Medical School for the year1933. The following have been heardfrom :Dr. Israel A. Dinerman writes thathe is planning to leave the C.C.C. campwork which he is now doing and go intogeneral practice.Dr. Maurice H. Friedman says heis trying to teach physiology and do research in the Department of Physiologyof the University of Pennsylvania Medical School. He has a list of 16 publications to his credit, in addition to being the father of 2 children, the latest,arrival Barbara Sanders Friedman, bornFebruary 19, 1936.Dr. Maurice R. Friend is a Fellowin Cardiovascular Research at theMichael Reese Hospital and plans tospecialize in neurology.Dr. Owen P. Heninger is holdingforth in Safford, Arizona. He has suggested that we improve our alumni association by providing free air waypassage and hotel accommodations foralumni and their families. He claimsto be listening to midde age symptomsand getting further in debt.Dr. Irene M. Josselyn is a Fellowat the Institute for Juvenile Research,University of Illinois.Drs. John Prohaska and HermanHarms have become famous throughtheir work with Dr. Lester Dragstedton the plrysiology of the pancreas. Bothare in the Surgery Department at Billings Hospital, and gave a paper on"Pancreatic Juice" at the AmericanPhysiological Society Meeting held recently in Washington, D. C.Dr. Boris B. Rubenstein is a General Education Board Fellow at Western Reserve University, where he isstudying the problem of human ovulation.Dr. Jandon Schwarz is still notmarried. He is chiefly concerned withthe problems of Hospital Administration.Dr. William Sheldon apparentlyhas not profited from leap year, as hereports no heart interest. He hasrecently written a book — Psychologyand the Promethean Will (Harpers).His interests continue in the field ofMedical Psychology. Dr. William B. Tucker is assistantprofessor and research coordinator inthe General College of the Universityof Minnesota. He is trying to- workout better and more effective methods ofteaching college students, especiallythose not primarily interested in pre-professional and pre-graduate training.Dr. Winston Tucker is now a highpowered epidemiologist for the State ofIllinois, with headquarters at Springfield. He has recently published somearticles on encephalitis.1934Reporter — Sam Banks,Michael Reese Hospital,Chicago, Illinois.Dr. Ken Blake is now Resident inMedicine at the Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles after completing ayears internship there.Dr. Sarah E. Branham plans togive a paper at the Second InternationalMicrobiological Congress in Londonnext July. She is a Senior Bacteriologist of the U. S. Public Health Service.Drs. D. M. Britton and Al Riskinare both doing graduate work in obstetrics at Lying-in Hospital. Brittoninterned at Madison General Hospitaland Riskin at Los Angeles County General Hospital.Dr. Meyer Brown is a Clinical Assistant in the Department of Nervousand Mental Diseases at NorthwesternUniversity Medical School. He is alsoworking in the Behavior Clinic of theCriminal Court of Chicago. Meyer isquite enthusiastic over Neurology.Dr. John Harold Darst is specializing in Obstetrics and Gynecology inPittsburg. He is interning at BobsRoberts and will be the assistant resident beginning July 1st.Dr. E. R. W. Fox is Medical Resident at Aneker Hospital, St. Paul.Dr. Paul Bruyere can be reached atDuke University where he is a ClinicalAssistant in Medicine.Dr. A. Margolis is doing generalpractice in Newark, N. J. He expectsto take some graduate work in Cardiology in the near future.Dr. James B. McBean is completinga special service on Ear, Nose, andThroat at Billings. He will join hisfather in the practice of this specialtyin the near future.Dr. William Noonan is continuinghis surgical training at the MidwayHospital in St. Paul where he is Resident.Dr. Eugene de Savitsch is studyingneuro-surgery in Belgium.Dr. William Beswick is enjoyinghis residency in Neuro-surgery at theUniversity of Rochester, Rochester,N. Y.Dr. Mollie Radford is studying theeffect of Vitamin C on Tuberculosis.She is working under Dr. Carlson inthe Physiology Department.Dr. Arthur C. Burt will leave theDepartment of Surgery at Billingsshortly for the University of Iowawhere he will spend one year in Medicine.WHAT'S BEHINDTHE NEWS?This fearless, stimulating and mostquoted organ of informed leadershipprovides the key to clear understanding and wise action in a complicatedworld. meChristian CenturyInterprets the flow of life and theflux of interest from week to week— in politics, economics, international relations, books, business, social movements, etc. Makes yourpart in the building of a new worldmore real.Searching articles, undaunted editorials, strong departments. Regularsubscription rate $4.00 per year, 15cper copy.GUARANTEED Get-Acquainted Offer—17 issues for $1.00Your money back if dissatisfied during trial period. Titles of recentarticles: "Borah and Monopolies";"Boondoggling in Business"; "Laborat the Crossroads"; "Psychoanalyzing the Atheist."Write your name in margin, clinwith this advertisement and mailwith check or dollar bill today.The CHRISTIAN CENTURY440 S. Dearborn Street, Room 1056Chicago, IllinoisTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEDr. Kent Thayer is in private practice in Phoenix, Arizona.Dr. Vida Wentz is at the ChildrenMemorial Hospital after spending ayear at the Womens and ChildrensHospital.Dr. Sam Banks is completing hissecond year of a rotating internship atMichael Reese Hospital.1935Reporter — Lent Johnson,Billings Hospital,University of Chicago.Department of Anatomy,Ruth Aaron, after recuperatingfrom pulmonary tuberculosis, will begininterning on July 1 at Cedars of Lebanon in Los Angeles, where KenBlake is resident.Ken Burt is finishing his surgicalinternship at Billings.July 1 Art Burt goes to the University of Iowa hospital as senior interne in medicine. George M. Burtwill go to Children's Memorial underDr. Abt.Bob Cohen is at Michael Reese,planning to take special work in psychiatry in the East soon.Lent Johnson, now serving a surgical internship at Billings, goes nextyear to the Harvard medical service atBoston hospital for an 18 months' internship.Bob Portis is doing his time atMichael Reese, and has just returnedfrom a cruise from New York to SanFrancisco via the Panama Canal.Jim Regan, after finishing in surgery at Billings, went to the famousorthopedic Country Home at PrincessCrossing as resident physician.1936Reporter — Lent Johnson.The present class has released to theworld :Dr. Meyer Bodansky, now back athis post as professor and chairman ofthe Department of Physiological Chemistry at the University of Texas.V. B. Scott and Karl Klassen,now internes in surgery at Billings.Janne Horney, now spending sixmonths in Europe — three months ofsports in the Alps and three months ofwork in one of the large Berlin Clinics,before returning to Billings for her internship in medicine.Joe Pessin who is enjoying life inCalifornia at the Los Angeles CountyGeneral Hospital.Mason who is interning in KansasCity.John Post who will go to BarnesHospital in St. Louis.Harry Brown who begins at Presbyterian in Chicago.Ed Hodgson who interns at the Wisconsin General Hospital at Madison,Wisconsin.Abraham W. Marcovich interningin medicine at Billings.Beryl Toxell who has accepted aninternship at St. Margarets Hospitalin Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Walter Lippmann says:"CONCERNING WORDS""One of the persistent difficulties in discussion isthat we have only a very simple vocabulary to describeenormously complicated meanings."Mr. Lippmann surmounts these difficulties by writing what he has to say in crisp, clear, unaffected English. He knows that wordiness or ponderous eloquence,flippancy or smug sophistication do not enhancesincerity and authority.NEWS-WEEK too is written crisply (to save time),clearly (for accurate comprehension), in unaffectedEnglish (to subordinate the style to the meaning).It is the most difficult kind of writing ; yet for transcribing news, the most practical. Simplicity never losescaste.NEWS- WEEK brings you all the significant news ofthe world in compact, organized form; unbiased,authoritative, and completely illustrated — a perfectbalance of word and picture.NEWS-WEEK NEWS-WEEK fills a definite American need in a typically American way — by giving the best, quickest and atthe least expense. If youwould have a thoroughknowledge of the news of theworld, subscribe to NEWSWEEK. Already the least expensive illustrated newsmagazine, it gives to newsubscribers a half-price trialoffer — twenty weeks for only$1. Test NEWS-WEEK.Fill in the coupon, clip it and mail today.NEWS- WEEK, Inc.Rockefeller Center — Dept. C.New York, N. Y.Enter my trial subscription toNEWS'WEEK for 20 weeks andsend me a bill for $1. For New Subscibers OnlyName.Address .City State34 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINERUSH1895J. F. Gsell, MD, continuing in thepractice of ophthalmology and otolaryngology, announces the associationof his son, George F. Gsell, MD'34, inthe practice of ophthalmology, in theBeacon Building in Wichita, Kansas.1894Dr. George C. Skinner, MD, is withthe Veterans Administration in Washington, D. C.1899Chairman of the Department ofHealth and Physical Education atPrinceton University, Joseph E. Ray-croft, '96, MD, is president of the NewJersey State Hospital for the Insane,vice-president of the American OlympicAssociation.1904Arthur Paul Wakefield, MD., issuperintendent of the Central MaineSanatorium at Fairfield, Maine.1912W. H. Olds, '10, SM'll, MD, is doing general surgery in Los Angeles andis professor of clinical surgery at theCollege of Medical Evangelists. Hishobbies are golf and bridge.1915Leon Unger, '13, MD, Chicago physician with offices at 185 North Wabash, is a diagnostician with specialattention to the treatment of asthma,hay fever and allied conditions. He isan assistant professor in the departmentof Medicine at Northwestern UniversityMedical School and attending physicianat Cook County and Wesley MemorialHospitals.1920Fred Firestone, '18, MD, announcesthe opening of a new office at 450 SutterSt, San Francisco, California. Hispractice is limited to Internal Medicinewith special emphasis on diseases of theChest and Allergy.1924a ^amuel J. Meyer, '21, MD, continues his work as an ophthalmologistat his office at 58 East Washington St.,Chicago.1925Soe M. Wolffson, '22, MD, is aChicago surgeon with offices located at4100 West Madison St. He is an asso-AREERS IN INSURANCE FORI0LLEGE GRADUATES ~~NATIONAL 'COLLEGIATE PERSONNEL BUREAUThe Penn Mutual Life IIndependence Square nee CompanyPhiladelphia ciate attending surgeon at the FrancesWillard, Garfield Park and North Chicago Hospitals, and also an instructorin clinical surgery at the Chicago Medical School. His hobbies are his family,traveling and pinochle.1928Reuben Ratner, MD, San Franciscan physician and surgeon, reportsthat his son born January 6, 1936, isnow growing bigger and smiles all thetime.1931The practice of John A. Fisher, MD,Cincinnati physician is limited to Uro-logic Surgery. A member of the staffof four Cincinnati Hospitals, Dr. Fisherfinds relaxation in gardening, golf, andcollecting old ship scenes.1932George B. Benson, MD, has just returned to the private practice of medicine with his father, G. H. Benson,MD'04, in Richland Center, Wisconsin,after two years spent as a medical officerwith the CCC.After three and a half years of general practice in Evanston, 111., Tom D.Paul has closed his office for furtherstudy. At present he is engaged in asix months clinical tour which includesCleveland, Montreal, Boston, New York,Philadelphia and Baltimore. July 1st ofthis year he will begin a year at CookCounty Hospital as a resident in Obstetrics. Upon completing this workhe expects to return to Evanston, resuming his practice but limiting hiswork to Obstetrics and Gynecology.1934George F. Gsell, MD, is now associated with his father, J. F. Gsell,MD'95, in the practice of ophthalmologyin Wichita, Kansas.1935Sandor Dean Rapp, MD, is at FortSheridan, 111., Station Hospital on CCCduty as physician.DIEDWilliam H. Ellis, MD>'80, February24, 1936, Gladstone, Michigan.David Kaplan, '16, MD'18, formerlyassociated with the Veterans' Hospitalat Oak Park, 111.Malcolm LaSalle Harris, MD'82,73 years old, internationally known surgeon and former president of the American Medical Association, died March 26,1936, in the Milwaukee sanitarium atWauwatosa, Wis.Ruth Meitin, MD'35, March 16,1936, Chicago. She served her clerkship at Michael Reese Hospital and interned in the Tampa City Hospital. Forthe last six months she had been connected with the Radiological Department of Billings Hospital. LAW1909Harold F. Hecker, JD, has been admitted to membership in the firm ofLeahy, Saunders & Walther, and thename of the firm has been changed toLeahy, Walther, Hecker and Ely. Thefirm office is in the Bank of CommerceBuilding, St. Louis, Missouri.1915Since 1932, Arthur M. Gee, '13, JD,has been General Counsel of The OhioOil Company, Findlay, Ohio.John P. McGalloway, '15, JD, ispracticing law in all of its varieties atFond du Lac, Wisconsin. In his sparetime he is busy reading, collecting books,and making plans as how to spend hisleisure time after he retires. He reports he is the father of three children,John Peter, age 13; William D., 9, andMary D., 4, and then adds "You shouldsee them !"1917Fay Graybill, '15, JD, practices lawin Great Falls and sings in the choruswhich Robert Waterman Stevens, '14,University organist and choir directorfrom 1911 until 1925, now directs.1921Estelle M. Wflls, LLB, Chicagoattorney, is engaged in the general practice of law at 32 West Randolph Street.1927Robert L. Hunter, JD, is a candidate for nomination on the Republicanticket for Congressman in the SecondIllinois district. Hunter was bornnear Boone, Iowa, in 1898. He enlistedin the army in 1917 immediately aftergraduation from high school. He serveduntil December, 1918, and is an activemember of the American Legion. Hegraduated at the University of Iowa andafter two years of teaching entered theUniversity of Chicago Law School fromwhich he won his degree in 1927. Sincethat he has been in active practice inChicago. He is on the Board of theManagers of the Chicago Y. M. C. A.,vice president of the Chicago City Manager Committee, chairman of the boardof directors of the Good Will Centerand national president of the JuniorRepublic Movement. As an undergraduate at Iowa he was Conference wrestling champion and he now serves aschairman of both the National and Central A. A. U. wrestling committees.1924Harriet Bradford, JD, a memberof the Illinois Bar, announces her admission to the Massachusetts Bar andthe opening of an office for the generalpractice of law at 4 Market Street,Ipswich, Mass.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 35SCHOOL AND CAMP DIRECTORYBOYS' SCHOOLSROXBURY SCHOOLFor boys 11 years and olderFlexible organization and painstaking supervision of each boy's program offer opportunityfor exceptional scholastic progress and generaldevelopment.A. N. Sheriff, HeadmasterCheshire, ConnecticutCRANBROOK SCHOOLDistinctive endowed boys' school, grades 7-12 andpost-graduate course. Arts, sciences, athletics,hobbies. Non- military. Single rooms. NearDetroit. „ . . , ,For catalog addressRegistrar3010 Lone Pine Road, Bloom field Hills, MichiganSPECIAL SCHOOLSTHE ORTHOGENIC SCHOOL OFTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOBoarding and day school for the studyand training of children, 6 to 14, witheducational or emotional problems. Mental defectives are not accepted. Undersupervision of University Clinics and Department of Education.Dr. Frank N. Freeman, DirectorDr. Mandel Sherman, PsychiatristELIZABETH HULLFor SCHOOLRETARDED CHILDRENBoarding and Day Pupils5046 Te' -phoneGreenwood Ave . Drexel 1 188COUPONFOR COMPLETE SCHOOL ANDCAMP INFORMATION, FILL OUTAND MAIL THIS FORM TO THEGRADUATE SCHOOL SERVICE, 30ROCKEFELLER PLAZA, N. Y.Student's Age Sex Religion Rate Location Preferred Type of School Preferred Type of Camp Preferred Remarks Name Address COLLEGESIATIONAL COLLEGE of49th year EDUCATIONN' International reputation for superiorscholarship and distinguished faculty.Teacher training in Nursery School,Kindergarten and Elementary Grades. Exceptional placement record. Demonstration School,Dormitories, Athletics. For catalog write, EdnaDean Baker, Pres., Box 625-D, Evanston, 111.SAINT XAVIER COLLEGEFOR WOMEN4900 Cottage Grove AvenueCHICAGO, ILLINOISA Catholic College Conducted bythe SISTERS OF MERCYCourses lead to the B. A. and B. S.degrees. Music — ArtCO-EDUCATIONAL SCHOOLThe Midway School6216 Kimbark Ave. Tel. Dorchester 3299Elementary Grades — High SchoolPreparation — KindergartenFrench, Music and ArtBUS SERVICEA School with Individual Instruction andCultural AdvantagesCHIROPODY SCHOOLILLINOIS COLLEGEof Chiropody and Foot SurgeryFor Bulletin and Information AddressDR. WM. J. STICKEL. Dean1 327 North Clark StreetChicago, IllinoisSECRETARIAL SCHOOLSIntensive Stenographic CourseFOR COLLEGE MEN & WOMEN100 Words a Minute In 100 Days As- asured for one Fee. Enroll NOW. Day ytclasses only — Begin Jan., Apr., Julyand Oct. Write or Phone Ran. 1575.18 -S. MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO -fc1Mac Cormac School ofCommerceBusiness Administration and SecretarialTrainingDA\ ' AND EVENING CLASSESEnter Any Monday1 1 70 E. 63rd St. H. P. 2130 BOYS' CAMPTHE OLDEST CAMP IN THE WESTCAMP HIGHLANDSFOR BOYSSAYNER, WISCONSINThree Camps— 8-12: 13-14: 15-17Woodcraft, Athletic and Water Sports,Music, Photography, Scouting, Long CanoeTrips, Riding, Shooting, Shop, Nature Lore,Camping Trips, Unexcelled Equipment,Experienced Staff, Doctor-Nurse.WRITE THE DIRECTOR FOR CATALOGW. J. MONILAW, M. D.5712 Kenwood Ave., ChicagoGIRLS' CAMPSSARGENT SJSKAt Peterboro, N. H.OUTSTANDING camp for girls, on largeprivate lake. Superior equipment on landand water. Well- balanced recreationalprogram. Experienced counselors, residentphysician. Separate divisions: Seniors,14-19; Intermediate, 10-13; Juniors, 5-9.Riding in fee. Counselor training course.Catalog. ernSt HERMANN, Director14 Everett Street Cambridge, Mass.SEA PINESCape Cod For GirlsSALT water beach, 100 acres of pines. Rustic,well-equipped buildings. Four age groups.Swimming, sailing, canoeing, riding. Dancing,dramatics, sketching. Craft shop. Course inCounselorship. French conversation. Tutoringif desired. Nearby Guest Building for adults.Write for booklet.FAITH BICKFORD, Box R, Brewster, Mass.LIBRARY SCHOOLLIBRARY SCHOOL209 S. State St., Chicago, III.Preparatory course for public Librarian.Practical book courses for positions inRental Libraries and book stores.Register Mon. to Fri. II a. m. to 4 p. m.DANCINGSTAGE ARTS SCHOOL, INC.Peggy Lou Snyder, PresidentDANCING— INSTRUCTION615 Lyon & Healy Bldg., 64 E.Jackson Blvd.Harrison 4782South Side StudioHayes Hotel — 64th and University36 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEJbr Economical Transportation^CHEVROLET/SALES SERVICEJ. D. Levin "19 Pres.PASSENGER CARS - TRUCKSModern Service StationDREXEL CHEVROLET CO.4733 Cottage GroveDREXEL 3121GREUNE- MUELLERCOALIs of Highest Quality fromRespective Fields and isDUSTLESS TREATEDLet Us Prove This to YouGREUNE-MUELLER GOAL GO.7435 So. Union Ave.All Phones Vincennes 4000Albert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau for menand women In all kinds of teaching positions.Large and alert College and State Teachers' College departments for Doctors and Masters: fortyper cent of our business. Critic and Grade Supervisors for Normal Schools placed every year inlarge numbers; excellent opportunities. Specialteachers of Heme Economics. Business Administration. Music, and Art. secure fine positions throughus every year. Private Schools in all parts of thecountry among our beat patrons: good salaries. Wellprepared High School teachers wanted for city andsuburban High Schools. Special manager handlesGrade and Critic work. Send for folder today.CLOISTER GARAGECHICAGO PETERSENMOTOR LIVERYA PERSONAL SERVICEof Refinement, Catering to theUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO5650 LAKE PARK AVE.Phone MIDWAY 0949 COLLEGE1899Mrs. Pearl M. Weber, AM'20, amember of the Philosophy Departmentat the University of Omaha, was anAlumni office caller in early April. Mrs.Weber, one of our Associate Counselors, spent much of her spring vacationin visiting classes on the quadranglesand went back to Omaha well preparedto advise the prospective student uponthe offerings of the University of Chicago.1910A teacher in the Foreign Languageand English Department of the ValleyCity State Teachers College in NorthDakota, Lillian Gubelman, AM'23,was state president of the Business andProfessional Women's Club from 1933-35. A travel enthusiast, Miss Gubelman spent six months in Europe in1929, spending six weeks in school inRome and ten weeks in school inMadrid. In 1934, she made a triparound the world.1915There has been standing for someyears in a Student Deposit Account inthe Bursar's Office a balance to thecredit of the Class of 1915 Gift Fund,amounting to $23.84. By authorizationof the officers of the Class this balancehas now been turned over to the Development Fund, following the precedent of other classes who have hadsmall balances left over in Class Funds.1914This news comes from Herman G.Kopald: "A fact of great importancein my life happened October 3, 1935upon which date, in New York City,Mrs. Martha Wallach Williams, also ofhereabouts, widow of the late Arthur L.Williams, became Mrs. Herman G.Kopald. As is usual with slow starters, I acquired tremendous speed afterthe first twenty years since leaving thecampus and now not only have a wifebut a thirteen year old son as well. Inresponse to the numerous telegraphicinquiries which you will undoubtedlynot receive, you may state that we reside at 940 Park Avenue and that Iam still grinding out the law at the oldstand, 30 Pine Street, both of course,in New York City. My greetings andsalutations, with advice to go and dolikewise to all others in my class whohave not yet heard the gun." 1919Edna Richardson Meyers has beentransferred from the principalship ofthe Lewis - Champlain ExperimentalSchool, to the Barnard ExperimentalSchool, 10354 Charles Street, Chicago1922An Evanston resident, Robert H.Johnson, AM'23, is district manager ofIngersoll-Rand, Inc., Chicago.Mary May Wyman, AM'31, directshealth and safety education in the publicschools of Louisville, Ky.1924Charles L. Goldberg, Milwaukeelawyer has been practicing there since1928. He reports that his hobbies aresailing and muskie fishing and we haveit on good authority that he always getshis "tiger." His daughter Jaclyn isnow eighteen months of age.1927Kenneth B. Umbreit of New YorkCity is the author of a book review inthe March number of the American BarAssociation Journal.1929Now completing his fourth year inWhiteflsh Bay, Wis., Edward J. Zeiler,AM'32, is supervising principal of theCumberland and Richards Schools.Your whole life throughShorthand will be useful to you.LEARN GREGGThe World's Fastest Shorthand.THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANY2500 Prairie Ave. ChicagoBLACKSTONEHALLanExclusive Women's Hotelin theUniversity of Chicago DistrictOffering Graceful Living to University and Business Women atModerate TariffBLACKSTONE HALL5748 TelephoneBlackstone Ave. Plaza 3313Verna P. Werner, DirectorCampbell Eisele & Polich, Ltd.FOURTH FLOOR, 8 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVENUEWILLOUGHBY TOWER BUILDING:With color ever more emphatic in Men's apparel we present thecolorful Glens, Chalks, Polychromatic Stripes. Prices start at $65.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 37HAIRREMOVEDFOREVER16 Years' ExperienceFree ConsultationLOTTIE A. METCALFEGraduate NurseELECTROLYSIS EXPERTMultiple 20 platinum needles can beused.Permanent removal of Hair from Face,Eyebrows, Back of Neck or any partof Body; destroys 200 to 600 Hair Rootsper hour.Removal of Facial Veins, Moles andWarts.Member American Assn. Medical Hydrologyand Physical Therapy$1.75 per Treatment for HairTelephone FRA 4885Suite 1705, Stevens Bldg.17 No. State St.SUPERFLUOUSHAIRPositivelyDestroyed!Your BeautyRestoredELECTROLYSISis the only method endorsed by physicians.We are the inventors of multiple needle electrolysis and leaders for 40 years in removalof superfluous hair, moles and warts. Nopain — no scars — experienced operators andreasonable rates for guaranteed work.MADAME STIVERSuite 1009 Marshall Field Annex25 E, Washington St.Clip Ad for Booklet or Call Central 4639ASBESTOSA UNIVERSITY FAVORITEK. & M.FEATHERWEIGHT85% MagnesiaUniform and light in weight. Moredead air cells. Better insulation.KEASBEY & MATTISON CO.205 W. Wacker Drive Ran. 6951AWNINGSPhones Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park Awning Co.,INC.Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes4508 Cottage Grove AvenueBEAUTY SALONSERNEST BAUERLEBEAUTY SALONSpecializing inIndividual Haircutsi* §ui^e 1308 Telephone17 N. State St. Dearborn 6789Stevens Building 1934Winton Verdell Hanson is freighttraffic agent for the Illinois Central System, Chicago.Harold E. Voigt is now with theSkelly Oil Company at 510 Ellis-Engle-ton Building, Wichita, Kansas.Vincent Newman is associated withBarcus, Kindred and Company of Chicago.Reynolds Ogburn, son of ProfessorWilliam Fielding Ogburn, is workingfor the U. S. Public Health Servicein Detroit. In the last year he hasworked in Washington, Detroit, andOakland, California, and driven throughforty-three states.Richard P. Shelley is a salesmanfor the Chicago Neostyle EnvelopeCompany, 17 East Austin Avenue.1935David Blumenstock, who was onthe Quadrangles recently, has a geography fellowship at the University ofCalifornia (Berkeley) under departmenthead Carl O. Sauer, PhD'15.Caroline Collins is teaching music,English, French, and sundries at MountBlanchard, Ohio, where she keeps herself constantly occupied with operettasand the like.John Hawley is with the UniversalCredit Co., Chicago.C. Edward Holtsberg, Jr., is nowconnected with Patterson, Copeland andKendall, Chicago bond house, at 231South La Salle Street.It is reported that James A. Mc-Devitt is employed by Barcus, Kindred& Co., Chicago, dealers in municipalbonds.Waldemar Solf has resumed hisstudies in the Law School followingseveral months work with the ChicagoDaily News.MASTERS1914J. F. Wellemeyer, AM, has beenprincipal of the Wyandotte High Schooland dean of the Junior College of Kansas City, Kansas, during the past thirteen years. He holds the office of chairman of the College Department in theKansas State Teachers Association.1920Halbert L. Dunn is director of theCensus in Washington, D. C.1923Martha F. Christ, AM, teacher ofEnglish at the Wright City Junior College, 3400 North Austin Boulevard, Chicago, has published a Teacher's Manualto accompany Good Reading in HighSchools : English Writers ( Cross,Smith, and StaufYer).1925Roy H. Bracewell, AM, is principalof the Burlington High School andJunior College in Burlington, Iowa.Virginia G. Markham, AM, isteaching at the Lincoln High Schoolin Cleveland. BOOKSMEDICAL BOOKSof All PublishersThe Largest and Most Complete Stock andall New Books Received as soon as published. Come in and browse.SPEAKMAN'S(Chicago Medical Book Co.)Congress and Honore StreetsOne Block from Rush Medical CollegeBROADCASTINGNORMAN KLINGOutstandingVOCAL INSTRUCTORTO STARS OFRadio — Stage — OrchestraWill Help You to Improve orDevelop Your VoiceHis Aid Has Helped Many toGreater Earning Power and SuccessStudio903 Kimball Building TelephoneWebster 7188CATERERJOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900—0901Retail Deliveries Daily and SundaysQuality and Service Since 1882CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '12B. R. Harris, '2 1Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285-6COALJAMES COAL CO.ESTABLISHED ! 888YARDS58th & Halsted Sts. Phone Normal 28008lst & Wallace Sts. Phone R'adcliffe 8000COFFEE -TEALa Touraine Coffee Co.IMPORTERS AND ROASTERS OFLA TOURAINECOFFEE AND TEA209-13 MILWAUKEE AVE., CHICAGOat Lake and Canal Sts.Phone State 1 350Boston*— New York— Philadelphia — Syracuse38 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEELECTRIC SIGNSELECTRIC SIGNADVERTISING•FEDERAL ELECTRIC COMPANYCLAUDE NEON FEDERAL CO.225 North Michigan Avenue•W. D. Kruplce, '19Vice-president in Charge of SalesEMPLOYMENTCOLOREDDOMESTIC HELPFurnishedDay or NightReferences investigated.Englewood Employment Agency5530S.State. Phone-Englewood3l8l-3l82Street Night-Englewood3 181Established 16 yearsPhones: Plaza 6444, 64451631 East 55th StreetFUNERAL DIRECTORH. D. LUDLOWFUNERAL DIRECTORFine Chapel with New Pipe OrganSEDAN AMBULANCETel. Fairfax 28616110 Cottage Grove Ave.FURNITURE POLISH"Marvelous"NEVERUBFur'nTturt I (J L I W IIBrilliant, Lasting, Not OilyDilut. with .quol wottrNO RUBBINGBold by: Fields, Davis Store, The Fair, andBetall Stores everywhere.GALLERIESO'BRIEN GALLERIESPaintings Expertly RestoredNew life brought to treasured canvases. Our moderate prices will please.Estimates given without obligation.673 North MichiganSuperior 2270 DOCTORS OFPHILOSOPHY1907Oscar Riddle of the Research Staffof the Carnegie Station for Experimental Evolution at Cold Spring Harbor,N. Y., gave his retiring address asvice-president of the Zoological Section of the A. A. A. S., at the holidaymeeting in St. Louis. His subject was"The Confusion of Tongues."1913Associate Professor of German atSimmons College, Boston, BerthaReed Coffman is secretary-treasurerof the Eastern Massachusetts Divisionof the New England Modern LangaugeAssociation and Associate Editor ofThe German Quarterly. Spare timemeans an opportunity for a little travelor perhaps a chance to do some photography.1915J. F. Groves, SM'12, a member of thefaculty of Ripon College, Wis., sendsus the fine report that his hobby israising four prospective students for theUniversity of Chicago. He is secretary the College faculty and nationalpresident of the Acacia Fraternity.Luther Snider, geologist with theCities' Service Company, New York, isthe editor of the Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. This scholarly journal includesmore than 3,000 pages annually. Dr.Snider's work on forecasting the future supply of petroleum has attractedmuch attention during recent months.He sums up his studies in a 35 page article, "Probable Petroleum Shortage inthe United States, and Methods for ItsAlleviation," in the January issue ofthe Bulletin.1917L. S. Shively, AM'16, is a memberof the mathematics faculty at the BallTeachers College at Muncie, Ind.Edwin P. Hubble, TO, astronomer ofthe Mt. Wilson Observatory, is to givethe Rhodes Memorial Lectures at theUniversity of Oxford for the year1936-37. Dr. Hubble was a regular onthe varsity basketball team in 1908-1910.Later he was a Rhodes scholar, andfrom 1914-1917 an assistant at theYerkes Observatory.1919R. W. Chaney, head of the Department of Paleontology of the Universityof California, gave the address at theconvocation at Indiana University onJanuary 15.John Wilson Taylor is a memberof the staff of the United States Daily,Washington, D. C1924Lawrence M. Graves, AM'20, Associate Professor of Mathematics at theUniversity of Chicago, is spending theyear 1935-1936 by invitation at the institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N. J. GROCERIESLEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyde Park 9100-1-2QUALITY FOODSTUFFSMODERATE PRICESWE DELIVER HOTELS"Famous for Food"Dancing and EntertainmentNightlyCircular CRYSTAL Barthe BREVOORT hotel120 W. Madison St. ChicagoLAUNDRIESMorgan Laundry Service, Inc.2330 Prairie Ave.Phone Calumet 7424Dormitory ServiceStandard Laundry Co.Linen Supply — Wet W ashFinished Work1818 South Wabash Ave .Phone Calumet 4700SUNSHINE LAUNDRYCOMPANYAll ServicesDry Cleaning2915 Cottage Grove Ave.Telephone Victory 5110THEBEST LAUNDRY andCLEANING COMPANYALL SERVICESWe Also DoDry Cleaning — Shoe Repairing4240 PhoneIndiana Ave. OAKIand 1383LITHOGRAPHERL. C. Mead '21. E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing731 Plymouth CourtWabash 8182THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 39MUSICRayner Dalheim &CoMUSICENGRAVERS & PRINTERSof FRATERNITY,SORORITYand UNIVERSITYof CHICAGO SONG BOOKSNO 0RDERT00 LARGE 0RT00 SMALL - WRITE FOR PRICES2054 W. LAKE ST. PHONE SEELEY 4710NURSES' REGISTRYNURSES' OFFICIAL REGISTRYof FIRST DISTRICT, ILLINOIS STATENURSES ASSOCIATIONFurnishes registered nurses for all types ofcases and for varying hours of service tofit the patient's need.TelephoneNURSES' HEADQUARTERSSTATE 85428 South Michigan Ave., Willoughby TowerBuilding — Lucy Van Frank, RegistrarOPTICAL SUPPLIESSince 1886BORSCH & COMPANYEyes Examined Glasses FittedOculists Prescriptions FilledWe Can Duplicate Any Lens fromthe Broken PiecesTelephone62 E. Adams St. State 7267PAINTSGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3186PHOTOGRAPHERMOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago . . State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNIPIANO INSTRUCTIONOLGA H. SCHAWETEACHER OF PIANOStudio— Del Prado Hotel5307 Hyde Park Blvd.For AppointmentPhone Hyde Park 9600ROOFINGGrove Roofing Co.(Gilliland)Old Roofs Repaired— New Roofs Put On25 Years at 6644 Cottage G rove Ave.Lowest Prices — Estimates FreeFairfax 3206 ENGAGEDJuliana Allison Bond, ex C35, toJohn Drew Ridge, '30, SM'32, PhD'35.The marriage is planned for early summer.Helen J. Varkala, '37, to RowlandL. Kelly, '34, who is now in chargeof the government sales of the DittoCompany.MARRIEDWalter Ferdinand Loehwing, '20,SJVT21, PhD'25, to Helen Cromer, IowaCity, Iowa, February 26, 1936 ; at homeafter April 15, 715 River Street, IowaCity, Iowa.Geraldine Manaster, '33, to JeromeL. Wenk, '30, Chicago, April 8, 1936 ;they will make their home at 55 WhitePlace, Bloomington, 111.Natalie E. Merriam, '33, to LeslieRobert S. Johnson, ex C'27, April 11,1936; at home, 5528 Hyde Park Avenue, after May 1.Wallace Barrett Crume, '34, toMarshall T. Newman, '33, AM'35,on December 27, 1935, at HiltonChapel; at home, 2110 Cornell Rd.,Cleveland, Ohio.BORNTo Mr. and Mrs. Roy M. Moffitt(Marion Meanor, '21) a daughter, Suzanne, March 17, 1936, residence, 1434Sedgwick Street, Chicago, 111.DIEDWilliam E. Henry, GS'95, deanemeritus of the school of library science at the University of Washington,which he organized a quarter of a century ago, died March 20, 1936, at hishome in Seattle, at the age of seventy-eight.Erestus T. Hanley, MD'05, physician, January 23, 1936, Seattle, Washington.William J. Bogan, '09, superintendent of the Chicago public schools forthe last eight years, died of heart disease March 24, 1936, at the age of65. A member of the Chicago schoolsystem since 1893, he had long advocated closer cooperation between elementary and high schools and was instrumental in organizing Chicago's evening schools.Mrs. Frederick Dracass (Carrie E.Tucker '09) who taught some twentyyears ago at Englewood High Schooland was the author of numerous articles on library and Spanish work inthe high schools, died March 21, 1936,in St. Petersburg, Florida.Grant S. Mears, '20, 37 years old,former general sales manager in themanufacturing division of MarshallField and Company, died April 13, inPhoenix, Arizona, where he had goneto regain his health.Clarence Kjos, MD'23, was founddead in bed on the morning of March26, 1936. He had been practicing Eye,Ear, Nose and Throat at Mount Vernon, Wash.O. H. Friedemann, MD'27, a memberof the American Legion and surgeonof LaGrange post, No. 41, died March30, 1936, LaGrange, 111., 37 years old. RUGSAshjian Bros., inc.Oriental and DomesticRUGSCLEANED and REPAIRED2107 E. 71st St. Pkone Dor. 0009SPORTING GOODSJ. B. Van Boskirk & SonsSporting Goods"Van" of Bartlett Gym1411 East 60fh StreetMidway 7521Complete Tennis EquipmentSquash & BadmintonSPLINTSDe Puy SplintsFracture BookFreeUpon RequestProfessional Card SufficientWARSAW— INDIANATEACHER'S AGENCIESAMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. Jackson BoulevardChicagoA Bureau of Placement -which limits itswork to the university and college field.It is affiliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.THEHUGHES TEACHERS AGENCY25 E. JACKSON BLVD.Telephone Harrison 7793Chicago, III.Member National Associationof Teachers AgenciesWe Enjoy a Very Fine High School, NormalSchool, College and University PatronagePaul Yatesjf ates-Fisher Teachers' Agenc fEstablished 1906616 South Michigan Ave., ChicagoX-RAY SUPPLIESX-RAY SUPPLIES& Accessories"At Your Service9Tel. Seeley 2550-51Geo. W. Brady & Co.809 So. Western Ave.40 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEMAN: LEARNING TO KNOW(Continued from Page 15)index score (I. Q.) has been used with, as he puts it,"all the accompanying absurdities." The old popularschool of intelligence maintains that there is only onecentral intellectual factor, the ability to do abstractthinking. The more modern psychologists believe thatall thinking capacity calls for a variety of element abilities with no one as primary. He has extended theEnglishman, Charles Spearman's methods, generalizing them from the one dimensional to the "n" dimensional by means of the use of spheres and highermathematical analysis. Two years ago he gave two hundred and forty students fifteen hours of tests which werebased on these theories. To date, from these examinations he has succeeded in isolating seven primary intellectual abilities: (1) number facility (ability to "handle"numbers), (2) visualizing, (3) perceptual speed, (4)memory, (5) word fluency, (6) induction, and (7)deduction, or verbal reasoning. The list does not stophere Thurstone is convinced. There are probably manymore, with fifteen or so exhausting the average person'ssupply. A forthcoming book, "The Isolation of PrimaryMental Abilities," will describe the concepts in detail."No one can expect to excel in all abilities, forevery person is more endowed with some abilities than inothers. The diversified aptitude tests enable us to compare ourselves with the general average in each specialability. Since vocational choice should preferably bemade with reference to one's special abilities, the appraisalof these abilities is a matter of considerable practicalimportance." This is Professor Thurstone's concise opinion on the matter.In his place as chief University examiner, the authority on group attitudes has the task of creating examinations that are fair to the student, to the professor, andto the subject. It is his firm belief that the examinationsin the College are far superior to any examinations inthe world. Where at one time it was possible for oneexamination to be graded by two men with a corresponding number of difference in grades resulting, onean "A" and the other a "flunk," Thurstone now findsthat only slight variations occur in grading. The questions must then approach perfection with little doubtremaining concerning their intent and content.Since the advent of the Chicago plan Dr. Thurstonehas found that, intellectually speaking, University studentsrate extremely high. In a survey conducted a little betterthan a year ago University freshmen as a group wereamong the brightest first year students in the country.Chicago's median score was 218.78 as against 163.72 forthe entire country. No other major institution stoodas high in the final tabulations.In concluding a day with the Psychology department we could not leave without a social call on Professor Swenson, the fellow who tantalizes his first yearclass with hypnotic experiments. Swenson, however,draws the line when it comes to hypnotizing women."Women are more demonstrative emotionally thanmen. That is, men train themselves to hold in reserve their emotions and tears . . . and I don't want a crying woman on my hands," he confessed to me. Atthe same time there is a rather persistent rumor thathypnotic victims often become attached to the one delivering the hypnosis. Swenson is still young, attractive — buthas other interests.In his brief series of lectures in the BiologicalScience general course, his students are fascinated by thepresentation of some of the high-lights of general psychological principles. He is a firm believer in makingPsychology "popular" and is now gathering material fora "popular" text. The usual academic work in hisestimation is too dry. It should be made more practicaland of general interest. "Knowledge," he insists, "doesnot have to be dry and uninteresting to be knowledge.There are many ways of stating a fact. Why choose thedullest?"Harold A. SwensonVersatile popularizerThe life of Swenson might well be recounted intypical Jules Verne style. His career began as a railroadtrainman and has continued through stages includingplaying a violin in an orchestra, coastal naval workduring the War, ranching, touring the globe, playing invaudeville, in movies, in radio, selling stocks and bonds,managing a shoe store, operating a hotel, being appointeda fellow to Frankfurt and Heidelburg, and finally settlingdown as a professor — not to speak of picking up degreeshere and there enroute.Of course no survey of this department could becomplete without a mention of the Child Psychology workunder the Home Economics department and Miss Koch."Hoffman House," a two building day nursery is maintained for about seventy youngsters between the agesof two and five. Here the little tots are allowed to play,are fed, and are prepared for kindergarten. Psychologyexaminations are given and observation and study canbe made by members of both departments. ProfessorKoch heads this practical, almost vocational work inwhich students receive training in the care of children.As we leave Psychology we recall the statement ofthe University's president and wonder a bit concerningits practicability. Next month we may have the opportunity to hear what some of the other men-about-campusthink about "science for its own sake."THE NATION'S LISTTHE telephone directory is the nation'scalling list. Millions of people refer toit daily — in homes and offices and in public pay stations. It is the busiest book — itplays a part in countless activities.For the names in the telephone book aremore than names. They are friendships andhomes and families. They are bridge partiesand golf games — business successes — buyersand sellers of wheat or pins or skyscrapers. More than 12,000,000 names are listed inthe directories of the operating companiesof the Bell System. You can go straight toany one of these millions of people — easily,quickly and economically — by telephone.The classified directory is an important feature of your telephone book. It is a handy, reliable buying guide -gBssjv— a quick, easy way to find " Where To Buy It." ff A mBELL TELEPHONE SYSTEMare usually therethey're mild and yet /nCi/i© 1936, Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co.