THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEeauliand comfort andperformancecombine togive fine carquality Beauty, comfort and performance will be yours infull measure when you buy your new Master DeLuxe Chevrolet for 1935. It is beautiful in everydetail of its Fisher bodies. It is comfortable, too,for it has every modern improvement to make yourride smooth— safe — pleasant. And in performanceit will be a revelation to you. All these advantages combine to give fine car quality— the highestquality Chevrolet has ever offered . . . yet Chevroletprices are low and Chevrolet operating economy isgreater than ever before. May we suggest that youprove these facts by your own tests, and chooseChevrolet for quality at low cost.CHEVROLET MOTOR COMPANY, DETROIT, MICHIGANCompare Chevrolet's tow delivered prices end easy G.M.A.C. termsA General Motors ValueThe Master De Luxe Sport Coup*1935 CHEVROLETTURRET-TOP BODY BY FISHER (WITH FISHER VENTILATION SYSTEM) ... IMPROVED KNEE-ACTION RIDE . . . BLUE-FLAME VALVE-IN-HEAD ENGINE . . .WEATHERPROOF CABLE-CONTROLLED BRAKES . . . SHOCK-PROOF STEERINGTHE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEPUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI COUNCILCharlton T. Beck, '04 Ruth C. E. Earnshaw, '31Editor and Business Manager Associate EditorFred B. Millett, PhD '31, William V. Morgenstern, '20, JD '22, John P. Howe, '27Contributing EditorsMilton E. Robinson, Jr., '11, JD '13, Ethel Preston, '08, AM '10, PhD' '20, Elizabeth Faulkner, '85Council Committee on PublicationsN THIS ISSUENATHANIEL PEFFER, member of the well known class of'11, offers a timely and authoritativecomment on the increasingly important difficulties in the Far East. Hisbook on that same subject is reviewedelsewhere in this issue. (See Page266.) Mr. Peffer has traveled extensively as a newspaper correspondent in the Orient and is a frequentcontributor to the discussion journals.William S. Hedges, '18, followedthe road of journalism into radiowork, and is now manager of allbroadcasting stations operated by theNational Broadcasting Company.While still a student at the University he joined the staff of the ChicagoDaily News, establishing the radiodepartment of that paper in 1922. In1929 he became president of WMAQ,Inc., and was president of the National Association of Broadcastersfrom 1928-1930. His position withNBC is unique in that no other individual in the industry has direct supervision over so many stations; theNBC stations in Boston, Springfield,Schenectady, Pittsburgh, Washington, Cleveland and Denver are directly under his charge. The stationsin New York, Chicago and San Francisco are supervised by resident vice-presidents. In this issue Mr. Hedgescomments on some aspects of theradio business as he sees it.Hilmar Robert Baukhage, '11 isat present covering the White House for the United States News, published in Washington, and broadcasting a news program on the Farmand Home Hour, featuring commenton the President's activities. Mr.Baukhage has spent all his time sincestudent days in some kind of journalistic activity, as foreign correspondentfor the London Pall Mall Gazette, asspecial reporter on embassies andlegations for the Washington Bureauof the Associated Press, and as assistant Managing Editor of AlumnusDan Fernald's news magazine,TABLE OF CONTENTSMAY, 1935PageWar in the Far East, NathanielPeffer 251In the Public Interest, William S.Hedges 254Covering the White House, HilmarRobert Baukhage 256Social Planning, E. W. Burgess. . . . 259Dust Storm Relief, Howard W. Mort 262In My Opinion 264Book Reviews, The Chicago CollegePlan, by C. S. Boucher 265Reunion 267News of the Quadrangles 268Differing Opinion, R. F. Rummel. . 275Athletics 276News of the Classes 278College Election 288 Leslies Weekly. He has contributedto this Magazine before and owesmuch of his success no doubt to hismembership in the notorious classof '11.Professor Ernest W. Burgess concludes the extremely interesting discussion started in last month's University of Chicago Magazine, regarding the unique contributions tobe made by sociologists to the tangledproblems of government.News of Reunion plans will befound on the Frontispiece and onPage 267 of this issue. More complete details will be broadcast in theAlumni Bulletin, mailed to all alumniof the University.Look on Page 288 for the ballotfor election for College AssociationOffices. All College Association members are particularly urged to exercise their voting privilege at this time.Tear out the ballot, mark it, and mailto the Alumni Office.An especially interesting page ofreviews of books by alumni andfaculty members appears in this issue.Dean Boucher's volume on the newplan and its results is reviewed by oneuniquely qualified to do so, Dr. W. S.Learned, of the Carnegie Foundationfor the Advancement of Learning.Published by the Alumni Council of the University of Chicago, monthly, from November to July. Office of Publication, 403 . Cobb Hall, 58th St. atEllis Avenue, Chicago. Annual subscription price $2.00. Single copies 25 cents. Entered as second class matter December 1, 1934, at the Post Officeat Chicago, Illinois, under the act of March 3, 1879. The Graduate Group, Inc., 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City, is the official advertising agency ofthe University of Chicago Magazine.250 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZIN-E1935 REUNION PROGRAM6:30 PM6:30 PM9:00 AM9:00 AM6:00 PM6:30 PM3:00 PM6:30 PM6:30 PM12:30 PM6:00 PM7:00 PM8:00 PM9:00 PM10:00 AM12:00 M12:30 PM3:00 PM6:00 PM:7 :00 PM :8:00 PM:10 :00 PM :\ 1 :00 AM4:00 PM5 :30 PM6:30 PM: Thursday, May 23School of Business Dinner, Cloister Club, Ida Noyes Hall.Tuesday, May 28Social Service Alumni Dinner, Judson Court Dining Room.Friday, May 31Special Clinics both morning and afternoon at Rush Medical College, the Presbyterian and Cook County Hospitals.Saturday, June 1Clinics both morning and afternoon.Annual Meeting Rush Medical Alumni, Palmer House.Rush Medical Faculty and Alumni Banquet, Palmer House.Thursday, June 6xAlumni- Varsity Baseball Game, Greenwood Field.Women's Athletic Association Dinner, The Cloister Club, Ida Noyes Hall.The Order of the "C" Dinner, Hutchinson Commons.Friday, June 7The Fifth Annual Alumni Conference opens with a luncheon in Judson CourtrAttendance is open to all alumni, but reservations should be made through theAlumni Office.University Aides' Dinner, Sun Parlor, Ida Noyes Hall.Phi Beta Kappa Banquet. Alumni, with or without Keys, attending the Conference, are invited to this affair in Judson Court.Kent Chemical Society Annual Dinner, Cloister Club, Ida Noyes Hall.Informal Home Coming in brilliantly lighted Hutchinson Court, and the ReynoldsClub.The Annual Reunion Revue, Mandel Hall.Saturday, June 8The Alumni Conference Lecture Hall, The Oriental Institute. The work andinfluence of the University outside its own physical boundaries will be exposedby some of the best qualified faculty members. Open to all alumni.Alumnae Club Breakfast, Ida Noyes Hall.1916-1917 Annual Luncheon, The Coffee Shop.An Academic Feast, Mandel Hall.Included in this Program will be a panel discussion of Academic Freedom underthe auspices of the local chapter of the American Association of University Professors, Anton J. Carlson, President. The afternoon program will conclude withthe annual address of Robert Maynard Hutchins, President of the University.Sunset Supper, Hutchinson Commons.Club and Fraternity Dinners.Band Concert, University Band, Hutchinson Court.25th Annual University Sing, Hutchinson Court.Induction of Aides and Marshals, Presentation of "C" Blankets, Alma Mater.Informal Home Coming Dance, Ida Noyes Hall.Sunday, June 9University Religious Service, "Convocation Sunday," The University Chapel.Musical Vesper Service, University Chapel.Carillon Concert.Tuesday, June 11Law School Annual Dinner, Union League Club.Guest Speaker, Hon. George T. McDermott, JD '09, Judge of the United StatesStates Circuit Court of Appeals of the 10th District.VOLUME XXVII THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINE NUMBER 7MAY, 1935WAR IN THE FAR EASTCan It Be Prevented?I HAVE been asked to write an article for theMagazine and the editor suggests the Far Eastas a subject. Why, I do not know, except that thathappens to be my professional interest. Why it shouldbe of interest to anyone else I do not know. Surely ina world only moderately sane, as sane, say, as the worldof the bees, the ants and the spiders, men and womenliving in the middle of one continent would not be expected to be concerned with the affairs of another continent six thousand miles away. I am not forgettingnow about the interdependence of nations, the conquestof distance, the shrinkage of the planet, the integrationof the world and all the other favorite contemporarylocutions which, I suspect, are sonorous, mouth-fillingbut meaningless — standardized parts of speech for after-dinner oratory and papers read at social science conferences. What we usually mean by "interest" in foreign countries does not derive from those grandiosenouns. It has nothing to do, for example, with thefact that the East has a historical continuity antedatingours, that the arts of the East have a singular maturityand depth, and that in the Eastern countries until recently there was a way of life by comparison with whichours is gauche and heavy-footed and in certain aspectseven crass. Nobody on earth would ask me to writeabout such things or read what I wrote if I did. Whatis conventionally meant by interest I think ought notto exist. There ought to be no reasons for talkingto Americans in the Middle West about the Far East.There ought not to be but, I am afraid, there are. Theprincipal one is that the male children of many of thereaders of this magazine will probably die on some battlefield in the Far East.Nevertheless, I am not going to write about theFar East in itself. Instead I want to write about thatin us which manifests itself in the kind of interest thatwill send our children one day to die somewhere inAsia. I do so on the assumption that the opinions ofthe educated men and women of a country can bechanged by the appeal to reason and that their opinionscan be effectual in changing the course of a country.True, I no longer really hold that assumption. I have • By NATHANIEL PEFFER, Mlseen no basis for it in the doings of my own generationor in those that history records for earlier generations.But so long as we are constituted as we are it is necessary to act as if the rational faculties had some purpose and their exercise had some utility.I suppose it may be taken for granted that all thinking human beings today are oppressed by the fear ofwar. Why not? This generation has been warped byone war, and another war is to all appearances impending. The only question seems to be where it will comefirst, whether in the East or in Europe. And with alldiscount for journalistic exaggerations about little pellets that will be dropped over New York and instantlyeverybody in Kansas City will be asphyxiated, it iscertain that the next war will be vastly more destructive than the last, socially if not also physically.Curiously, we in America seem to view this prospectwith a kind of platonic detachment, looking down onit from afar, as if it concerned another species, onemore earthy and peccant than our own, as if for us therewere only to give high moral counsel and lofty precepts.To say that America is equally involved, that it is evenan active participant in one of the most dangerous ofthe gathering feuds is to be looked on as affected, insincere or desirous of "shocking." There appears to beno use in citing either contemporary evidence or evidence out of history's record.Within the ivied walls in which this publication willfirst be seen there is being taught a prodigious amountof history. I need not point out, of course, that history is something to be taught, not learned. And international relations ! How rank the groves of Academewith the new growth of courses in international relations ! Courses, at least, if not departments. Whatbranch of human knowledge is there so slight, so thinlyspread, that it does not rate an academic departmentnow? And what is this international relations? Whatcivics used to be, enlarged. When I was young we weretaught about the government of the United States. We"analyzed" the Constitution, with emphasis on suchthings as "checks and balances." Having masteredwhich, we had not the faintest idea how the United251252 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEStates was governed, by whom or why and to whatend. Of the forces at work in the American state wewere bleakly ignorant. And so it is with internationalrelations now. Persons, preferably male, who have readenough books and made enough notes and transcribednearly all of them, good or bad, as footnotes and thusreceived the accolade of Ph.D. and membership in "thecompany of free scholars" — such persons in turn makesuccessive groups of the young go through the "analysis"of the structure of the international machinery so-called.And having "learned" the provisions of treaties (whichmay or may not have been observed) and the names ofthe committees of the League of Nations and the methods of enforcement of the Kellogg Pact (which neveris enforced) and the order of procedure of the WorldCourt (which never is allowed to proceed on anythingthat matters), the young will then know all about themechanism for preservation of peace, although peacemanifestly is not being preserved. That is, they willbe able correctly to describe the mechanism of international society, but they will not have the faintest ideawhat motivates the conduct of nations, what groups determine and are impelled by the motives and what forcesgovern the relations of one nation to another. In otherwords, they will know all about international relationsexcept what they are and why.If, however, they in turn persevere long enough totranscribe enough footnotes they, too, in turn will become Ph.D.'s and be qualified to go forth to teach theyoung that come after them, and the happy proliferation of departments of international relations will continue. And birth will have been given to another socialscience. I need not remind my readers that they livein the age of science, and this is what makes the socialsciences scientific — and what also makes physicists,chemists, biologists, astronomers and geologists giggleand giggle. For a science entails research — which meansthe agglomeration of facts relevant and irrelevant, theirtabulation and, if possible, treatment by statistical methodand diagram. Not included is the capacity to recognizeor be aware of a general idea. I need not remind myreaders also that education has emancipated itself froma dead classicism and immersed itself in life, living andhot. Why devote our energies to the counting of theablative absolutes in Horace and the number of adverbs in Shakespeare's sonnets when you can enumerateth citations of the word "security" in treaties between1919 and 1935— or count the barbers on Wabash avenue? . . . But why continue? Higher education ishigher education. And thus we equip each generationto understand its relation to the universe and to masterthe forces in its environment. . . . And God help therace! . . . But why continue?I started to say that there was a prodigious amountof teaching of history and international relations, buthardly anywhere have any of the inferences been drawnfrom American history. We teach a great deal aboutAmerican paternity for the Open Door in China andabout the official American passions for the sanctity oftreaties in 1931 when Japan was violating treaties inManchuria— although nearly all other nations have beenviolating treaties everywhere else without inciting Amer ican official passions. And whatever we teach, no oneever seems to learn, not even the teachers, that therehas been a certain consistency in what America does inthe Far East. And no one ever seems to draw the inference that there may be a reason for the consistency.In short, history does not seem to teach us anything,a situation not unique in man's experience.In plain words, what I mean is that for Americawar is not just an abstract and other-worldly evil. Itis a very pressing menace. And just as European nations get themselves enmeshed in European conflicts,so America is getting itself enmeshed in the intricaciesof Asiatic power politics. Concretely, America is drifting into the same relation with Japan that Germany andFrance have had with each other. It must be evidentto any one who reads newspapers at all attentively thatthe United States has taken up the burden of obstructing Japan in its advance toward mastery of the FarEast. Surely it must be evident that there are deductions to be drawn from the fact that the United Statesrefused to concede naval equality to Japan, even at thecost of the abrogation of the naval treaty which hasmaintained the status quo for fifteen years; or fromthe fact that the United States has embarked on anaval building program and now maintains practicallythe whole of its fighting fleet in the Pacific. Now, suchevents do not come about by accident. There may notbe a logic of history, but the sequence of cause andeffect operates in the relations of nations as clearly asin a laboratory. If America has for a generation ormore been moving in the direction of more active participation in the Far East, if it has put itself in a position of direct opposition to Japan, if all the parallelsto the preliminaries of conflict in Europe can now bedrawn in the Far East, if we are already at the stageof competitive naval building — then it can be assumedthat there is a reason and, further, the conclusion canbe projected. Briefly, I believe that the United Statesis now drifting to war in the Pacific. I believe thatthe war is certain unless the drift is arrested by theinterposition of a force equally strong.Why? Since I am talking to educated men andwomen I take it that I need not set down argumentsto prove that America is not motivated by any abstractmoral considerations, by any sentimental regard forChina or by any unique national zeal for the KelloggPact or any of the other post-war treaties. The UnitedStates does not become equally concerned when the Kellogg Pact is violated in South America or when Germanyviolates the Versailles Treaty by instituting conscription. Nations do not go to war or threaten, to go towar over treaties but over what lies behind the treaties.America is motivated in the Far East by its refusalto allow Japan to get control of China, not out of anypaternal regard for China but out of an unwillingnessto forfeit the chance to get a share of China's trade andthe opportunities to invest capital in its development.This is the form our so-called Open Door policy takesin the present. The policy has been unchanged eversince America had reached a stage in its economic development which gave an incentive to expansion beyondits boundaries. It was already foreshadowed a hundredTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 253years ago, as a reading of history shows. It happens tobe directed against Japan at present.All this being true, what is the part of thinkingmen and women, those who presumably are conscious ofthe danger of war? Thus far it has been to echo andre-echo flamboyant and pseudo-idealistic rhetoric, to passresolutions, to applaud the passing of similar resolutionsat diplomatic conferences at which there is not theslightest intention of observing the resolutions, and toaccept every declaration of high moral purpose as ablow struck for humanity. Never before has there beenso much talk of peace as in these years, and never before have we been nearer war than now. For with allthe talk never has there been less done to make peacea reality. To me one of the most depressing facts inAmerican life has been the intellectual infantilism of theapproach to the problem of peace and war; and someof the most callow nonsense has been uttered by menof professorial rank. The pronouncements that havecome from academic circles on the so-called new instrumentalities of peace have had a quality of lush sentimentality or magniloquent bathos that is incredible. Itmust remain a psychological mystery that men who havehad discipline of the intellect can at the same time bepre-adolescent in wisdom, in perception of the world,in intuitive grasp of significance, in interpretation ofexperience. Of such men it can only be said that theymay teach history and they may "know" history, but theydo not understand it.Here let me interpolate a story told me by a fellow-alumnus, one who has lived most of his post-collegiate life in Central Europe and whom I met in aEuropean capital once on my way back from the East.He had just returned from Paris and on the train hadmet a distinguished Continental novelist with whom hehad had a slight acquaintance. They fell to talking, andinevitably the talk veered to the subject of America,which has been a tantalizing enigma for all reflectiveEuropeans since the World War. The novelist askedmany questions about American beliefs, American ways,American aspirations. Then finally, and a bit hesitatingly :"Tell me," he asked my fellow-Chicagoan, "tell me,is there a single adult human being left in America?""And what," I asked my fellow-Chicagoan, "whatdid you tell him?""I said, 'yes.' ""You lied," I said.And I still think so. I know of course that thatis a generalization. I have myself met several menhere who are adult. But they may be described ascultural, if not biological, sports.Suppose, then, since we live now in a world whichimposes the penalties of maturity, suppose we wish tobe adult in our approach to the problem of war. Thenwe shall recognize that peace cannot come by declaration of high moral purpose or reiterated profession ofverbal idealism. Indeed, it will not come until thatprostituted word, idealism, is excluded from decent usageas relentlessly as were certain Anglo-Saxon monosyllables when I was young. For it is now as obscene asthey. Peace will not come by resolution or by multi- Nathaniel Peffer 'IIplication of organizations and covenants. (Every timethe European Powers add a hundred planes to theirair forces they conclude another treaty of mutual non-aggression; the treaty being concluded, they add another hundred planes.) Peace is the exercise of achoice, and every choice is by definition also an exclusion. To enjoy the immunities of peace it is necessaryto give up those objects which, being in conflict withthe objects of other nations, entail the use of force. Inpractical politics, so far as America is concerned, thatmeans one conflict: the conflict with Japan over control of China and the economic perquisites such control carries. In practical politics, then, if we reallychoose peace, we shall give up the economic benefitswhich might be preserved by stopping Japan. .Whetherwe can give those up without forfeiting the chance ofescape from the fatal economic constriction which hasset in is another matter. So is it another matter whethereven that would not be a smaller sacrifice than the sacrifice of war.I am not arguing those points now. Each may decide them for himself according to his own beliefs. Iam only emphasizing that those are the points at issue.It is they that must be faced if we want to deal with theproblem of preservation of peace, which is identicalafter all with the problem of preserving the lives of oursons, as rationally as we go about buying an automobile.But first of all it is necessary to recognize that there arethose points. And that is all I have to say to any group(Continued on Page 277)IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST•By WILLIAM S. HEDGES, '18BROADCASTERS derive their rights to the useof radio channels from the government of theUnited States. They are permitted to occupythose channels so long as they can demonstrate that suchuse is "in the public interest, convenience and necessity."Although there has been an accumulation of evidence as to what constitutes "public interest, convenienceand necessity," there has never been an official definitionof just exactly what the phrase means. Perhaps thisis fortunate, because broadcasters have leaned overbackwards, for the most part, in their efforts to keepthe medium clean and to present a variety of programsthat will appeal to the greatest proportion of the listening public.In contemplating the import of "public interest,convenience and necessity" there is a temptation to beserious. You immediately put on your company manners as if the minister had just dropped in unexpectedlybefore you had had a chance to remove the highballglasses. The conversation immediately turns to "thefiner things of life."The "finer things of life," for some strange reason,seem to be exceedingly limited in scope. They includedrama, with a broad a and accent on the first syllable;deep philosophical discussions and other things designedKOA Denver Transmitting Tower for the sole purpose of forcing culture down the throatsof a reluctant public.Thank Heavens "public interest, convenience andnecessity" is much broader than this narrow aspect.True, it does include education, culture, religion anddrama with the broad a. But it likewise includes manyother things. There is nothing which is so priceless asis humor. We need more of it in a world beset withfears and doubts. We need music which soothes andbeguiles; music which inspires; music which frees usfrom the worries of our routine tasks. We need dramaof the lighter sort just as much as we need the morescholarly presentations."The public interest" demands all of these things.The best proof of this demand is the fifty percent increase in the number of radio families in the UnitedStates between 1930 and 1934. Even though these weredepression years the offerings of radio were sufficientlyvarious and comprehensive in satisfying the public hunger for entertainment, education and religion that thenumber of radio homes increased from a little morethan 12,000,000 to nearly 20,000,000.This is strong evidence that "the public interest"is being served. However, it would be fatal if broadcasters assumed a smug complacence and felt that theyhad achieved the ultimate with no room for improvement remaining. Broadcasters are most alert when attheir best. They must avoid the encroachment upontheir medium from charlatans of all kinds. They mustbuild and maintain a confidence in their medium bykeeping it clear of exaggerated or false claims and bykeeping their broadcasts in good taste.It is true that there are some programs that cannot be justified. It is true that some bad advertisinggets on the air. Strong measures have been adoptedby the National Broadcasting Company to prevent themisuse of the medium as represented by its owned andoperated stations and by the offerings of the network.A rigid continuity supervision is being put into effectwith the anticipated result of continuous improvementin the quality of programs and advertising text.Broadcasting, despite the assaults that have beenmade upon it, is cleaner than the stage, modern fiction,the sensational tabloids and needed no legion of decencyto reform its ways. Neverthless this does not relievethe broadcaster of his continuing responsibility.It is the favorite topic of harassed mothers, whoare overwhelmed with the perils of parenthood, to blameradio for the nervous tension of their children, whichis probably more characteristic of the species than ofthe age in which they live. Any honest grandparentwill admit that children were "spoiled" or ornery generations back and that they seemed to come out of itall right. In fact, some of the grandparents profess abelief that the thing most wrong with the children is254THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 255To the left is Phil Harris and orchestra with Leah Ray, vocalist. To the right we see the power control equipment at transmitter of StationWJZ of NBC, Bound Brook, N. J. Engineers in charge are Raymond Guy and D. N. Stair.their parents, who seem to have forgotten the old-fashioned methods of discipline and control.One modern mother who feels that she can bettersolve her problems by attending meetings discussing childpsychology than in working with the children at home,voiced vigorous objections to Orphan Annie. Her adventures were not typical."If they were typical they wouldn't interest the children," she was told."Orphan Annie uses poor grammar.""So did Huckleberry Finn. Neither should be expected to speak Oxford English.""The children became too excited and furthermoreOrphan Annie wasn't a good influence.""Did you ever attempt to sum up Orphan Annie'sgood traits?" she was asked."Orphan Annie has courage, self-reliance, loyalty,honesty, thrift and industry. Wouldn't you be glad tohave a little girl like that play with your children ?""Well, maybe Orphan Annie wasn't so bad after all,but how about those detective thrillers?"It was explained to the good lady that if she didn'twant her children listening to such programs, she shouldhave a sufficient control over them to keep them fromlistening. However, if the child succeeded in havinghis own way, why not keep his sense of proportion rightby sitting down with him while the program was goingon. Explain to him the construction of the plot; howthe author was attempting to throw suspicion first onone and then on the others in the cast. Make a gameof it and try to work out the solution of the mystery.Use it as a means of cultivating the analytical qualitiesof the child's brain. Teach him to think and at thesame time keep his sense of proportion.Furthermore, it was suggested, the modern child inthe average radio home leads a life that is far more sheltered than the lives his parents lead when they weresmall. He is not exposed to the hardships of a morerugged life. Yet he must be prepared for the factthat the life he must confront in his maturity is notas sweetly innocent as his home life. Murders are committed, gangsters are a formidable menace; racketeersare constantly devising ways and means of preying onthe public; hate, deceit and treachery are still to befound in the human race. It is far better to learn thesethings through reading books and newspapers, to experience these things vicariously, than to find them outby actual contact.The National Broadcasting Company, which supplies programs to eighty-five stations, operates fifteenstations in ten cities. This imposes a responsibility ofviewing "the public interest" from two different standpoints. First, there is the national viewpoint, whichis reflected in the programs broadcast over its two networks. Second, there is the local viewpoint of the tendifferent cities. In reconciling those two viewpointsit is sometimes necessary for network programs to becancelled in favor of a local program. Local politicaland civic programs have oftentimes been given precedence over network programs. In Pittsburgh, for example, a local religious program occupies the time utilized for the rest of the network by one of America'smost noted divines. In Denver senatorial candidatesradio during time normally used by network clients.These cases are cited to illustrate the fact that walking the tight rope of "public interest, convenience andnecessity" is a difficult task but broadcasters of the nation, as a whole, are living up to their responsibilities,are conscious of their obligations and are keeping themedium clean.COVERING THE WHITE HOUSE• By Hilmar Robert Baukhage, ' 1 1A CAT — and a newspaperman — may look at a king.There are no cats in the Executive Offices ofthe White House but it's full of newspapermen.And when it comes to looking, however cats may feelabout kings, newspapermen still seem interested inPresidents.There have been a number of estimates as to howmany of the men whose daily job is to write about it,favor the New Deal. These estimates vary. But saythat if, after "30" when the last edition's in bed and thelast wire has given "good night," only a fair number —though some say it's a majority — find themselves NewDealish, it's safe to say that most of them have keptpretty pro-President through the first half of his firstterm.Even of late, since the White House is sensitiveabout making Congress sensitive on the subject of rubber-stamps, and news has trickled instead of flowed fromthe semi-weekly conferences with the Chief Executive,these gatherings still crowd one oval, air-cooled office inthe West Wing. Seldom has attendance fallen below ahundred. And a lot of the men don't have to be there.With the exception of a few hard-bitten antis, eventhose who write for the most bristlingly contemptuoussheets, cherish what seems to this writer to be a veryfriendly personal feeling for Mr. Roosevelt. One, whosejournal prompted him to launch many a barbed inquiryat the Nation's Chief, has since found him a highlyacceptable father-in-law. But then, probably, love laughsat mastheads, too.To understand just how much of a diversion or atask this mass-interviewing of a Chief Executive maybe, one has to make some comparisons. The Charter ofthe White House Correspondents Association bears theattest of Joseph Patrick Tumulty, secretary to PresidentWilson. But there were, of course, White House correspondents before that. And before that.Do you remember what Owen Meridith said aboutcooks ? I don't, exactly, but I can recall that the coupletwent something like this :"You may live without love, what is passion but pining?But is there a man who can live without dining?"And when it comes to Administrations it might wellbe parodied :"They may live without literature, silly or solemn,But their life and their death is the newspaper column."In days of old — say as far back as the regime ofthe first Roosevelt — the deus ex machina which launchedthe Presidential thunder was usually a "fair-haired boy."A man or men, whom the Executive depended upon toabsorb and exude as much information as he could elicitand felt it wise to dispense.Then arrived the "New Freedom," Woodrow Wilson's "open covenants" and the press conference whichall, duly accredited, might attend. These gatherings smacked a little of the schoolroom ; the reporters in asolemn semi-circle. Facing them the tall, well-tailoredand dignified figure, erect on his two feet and his dignity as well. He didn't mind a battle of wits so long ashe called the stop and go, but he resented anything thateven faintly suggested cross-questioning. When theexceedingly difficult international situation, produced byour neutrality, arose, he was forced to evade, often dissembled. According to Lincoln Steffens Mr. Wilsonjustified the latter course by the acceptance of a dualpersonality. Woodrow Wilson (who talked to newspapermen) had no knowledge of the confidential mattersentrusted to the ear of the President of the UnitedStates.But came the war. And the conferences ended.The white light of publicity on national affairs was toobright. There might be aid and comfort for the enemyin the too fluid news.Peace brought them back. They were cheerfulgatherings under the Harding regime, full of friendliness and frequently misinformation. Under Coolidgecame the mysterious White House Spokesman, whoechoed his master's voice and bore the responsibility ofits utterances on his own insubstantial shoulders. Hecame to haunt his maker before he was dematerialized.Mr. Hoover had conferences. They were oftenhighly satisfactory, often so burdened with minutiae, statistics and similar impedimenta that would have boggeddown a telegraph wire if translated into dots and dashes.Then came the present days and, as we have intimated, large and for the most part appreciative audiences. They started out informal, friendly, newsful,often amusing. As the press grew more partisan, someof the informality ended. There were misinterpretations,intentional or otherwise. Once a facetious referenceto an important paper that was "lost" — it had been mislaid for a few hours — was reported so that it soundedas if the subject matter of the document were carelesslyignored. Another time a simple statement was pervertedinto a prediction of the devaluation of the dollar involving millions in a stock flurry. After that the Presidentcouldn't speak as freely as he had.By the time this is read the erstwhile fisherman willhave returned, refreshed from his southern trip; Congress may not be so jittery and things may go back totheir cheerful normality. But conferences, like constitutions have to be dealt with gingerly if you aren't entirely "among friends."An average press conference goes about like this :It is Friday some minutes before four (or Wednesday, ten-thirty). Sleek black cars with their historicdepartmental seals on the doors line the drive that leadsto the Executive Offices in the West Wing of the WhiteHouse, for the Cabinet is still in session.Already the waiting-room has begun to fill. Cap-256THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 257..-^*- l*C UNDERWOOD a UNDERWOODSays Mr. Baukhage of this exclusive photo, "Eye to eye with the President. Since he has never looked like this when I looked at him thepicture at least has the«merit of being unique. The boys in the background are the editors of college publications who visited him last fall.The desk is the important thing. On the President's right is the famous 'basket,' piled high with documents. At the right is one of thedonkeys, the other is right in front of him. The rear elevation of the symbol of S. O. P. is the quadrupedal white figure in the middle.Behind are the two flags that always follow a Chief Magistrate. On his left the Presidential Flag, on his right Old ©lory. On his extremeleft is the telephone that he doesn't hesitate to use to call you on if it is important enough."tain Dalrymple, veteran captain of the White Housepolice force, and Lieutenant Seaman are at the door. Afew Secret Service men are drifting about. Grey-headedWilliam Collins and young Bill Donaldson, Superintendents of the Senate and House Press galleries, respectively, are on hand. They know every face. Onlyaccredited newspapermen (and women — there are a few)are admitted. The correspondents have started to forma line by the time the cabinet officers begin to slip out.Secretary Wallace, with his friendly frown ; Madam Secretary Perkins, in her trig bonnet, bowing and smilingbut hurrying along; genial "Jim" Farley, stopping toslip his arm around some shoulder and answer an inquiry; Secretary Swanson, moustached, moving slowly,(perhaps on the arm of an aide) Vice-President Garnerin his fawn-colored ten-gallon hat hurrying to his great16-cylinder car, the biggest of them all, (until he wasV-P he wouldn't own a car, walked or hitch-hiked withfriends) Secretary Roper of Commerce, black-ribbon onhis pince-nez, the old-school attire of the elder Statesman, and so on. . . .At last the door is opened. There is a mild rush into an intermediary waiting room and then a seconddoor is opened, a hall crossed and we're in the brightoval office, with its high French windows looking out onthe quiet dignity of the south grounds.The Press Association men (and the slightly hardof hearing) rate first row. They crowd up to the deskwhere the President is sitting with a line of chairs oneach side to keep him from being completely surrounded.There is usually a gallery — among them, if politics arein the air, is grizzled Charlie Michaelson, publicity geniusof the National Democratic Committee. Beside the working stenographers, one or two of the secretarial staff.Perhaps Secretary Mclntyre, too, and of course, Secretary "Steve" Early, on whose shoulders rests the heavyresponsibility of all the public utterances of the President.Since the doors are closed during the conference sothat no one may escape before it is over to "scoop" hiscolleagues or depart with only half the truth, there isquite a pause. It is filled with banter between the President and the men he knows best, those who accompanyhim on all his trips. All in earshot join. Many a joke258 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEis cracked. Perhaps some of them seem funnier becauseof the high source, but the result is the same.Then comes the shout "All in !" from the men onthe door and the questions begin. Though every personpresent is known to the men on the doors or is vouchedfor, the two secret service men never drop their eyesfrom the crowd — habit perhaps."Mr. President, do you care to comment on theBelgravian treaty negotiations?" asks a voice from therear. Since the President is seated he can only see themen in front, so he looks up toward the ceiling."Only of! the record," he answers (the "o" in "off"as in "top," the "r" in "record" as the "g" in "sign.")Now this "off-the-record" stuff means this: not tobe quoted, not to be reported, not even to be writtendown for the eye of your managing editor, not even totell your wife. Some object to this device, declare thatit "sews a man up" on a story which he may know himself, but must now suppress. . Others are glad to havethe information for their guidance.Of course the President is never quoted directly,except by special permission, but sometimes certainstatements may be "attributed to the White House,"others used without connecting them with any source, as"background." The men wait attentively, SecretaryEarly, alert to catch each question leans forward, anxiouslest too much be said, or not enough. But I forgot, sincethis is "off the record," you may not listen. Meanwhile let's look around.The room is flooded with a soft light that flowsgently from nowhere ; the office is said to represent amodel of illumination. Or if it is bright outside, sunshine pours in. The rolling lawn sweeps away to the southward. The thin spire of the Washington monument can be seen in the distance.The walls are a soft and delicate green, hardly suitable as a background for the old prints that cover them..But Mr. Roosevelt isn't to be deprived of. his prints,mostly of the Hudson River, quaint pictures of anotherday, in soft, mellow colors that suggest the patina of awell-worn bench in a friendly inn. The Palisades, WestPoint, an early steamboat against green banks.And in the scrolled niches above the doors, shipmodels ; on the mantel piece a great, graceful clipper.And look at the desk. There is the wire basket filledwith papers — documents that may turn into history atthe touch of those fingers holding the tapering cigaretteholder. And the menagerie — donkeys that come and go(for great herds of donkeys are presented to the President by ingenious admirers), and one elephant. He hasoutlived many of his companions. He is white flanneland he stands proud and lonely, presenting an impertinent rear.When the President ceases speaking there will bemore questions to be answered, skillfully dodged, turnedoff with a laugh at their proposterousness or with aknowing smile if they are a little too clever. Perhapssome will be answered with a parable, or if a favoritesubject is broached, a long and frequently highly interesting exposition, revealing a remarkable memory.Then, if it seems to be over (if it has run too longdoor knobs are gently rattled in the rear) the men inthe front rank exchange a glance, nod and their "Thankyou, Mr. President" is the exit cue. If there is a pieceof "hot news" there is a rush for the telephones. If notthe correspondents drift out along the curved and shadedwalks to Pennsylvania Avenue. Already the Presidentis busv with some new task.REUNION EUNION * ELECTIONS * REUNION * ELECTIONSELECTIONSREUNION REUNION*ELECTIONS* ELECTIONS * REUNION * ELECTIONSYour Attentionis politely, in fact urgently, called to thesetwo items:Page 267 — ReunionPage 288 — College ElectionsSOCIAL PLANNINGAnd the Mores — Part II• By E. W. BURGESS, PhD "13. Professor of Sociol.CERTAIN objections to the line of thought expressed in my article in last month's Universityof Chicago Magazine must doubtless have occurred to you as they have presented themselves to me.First of all, this paper has dealt only with the humanor sociological aspects of the problem. Left entirely outof consideration is the factor of technological change.The present traditions and sentiments of the Americandeveloped in a pioneer situation ; with the alleged breakdown of an individualistic society will not sentiments ofcollectivism and of social control emerge, favorable tothe planning of a collective society?This objection may be entirely valid. The economicsituation has changed and is changing. It may also beconceded for the sake of argument that the rationalway to meet these changes is through the establishmentof a collectivistically planned society, even if its practicability has yet to be demonstrated. In short, economicdeterminism may be considered as pointing to a plannedcollectivistic society, while cultural determinism according to Sumner requires a policy and program developedtentatively, experimentally and always pragmatically inthe process of the adjustment of the mores of individualism, democracy, and humanitarianism to changing lifeconditions.The weight of anthropological and historical evidence would seem to support Sumner's position, namely,that the mores of a society change gradually and oftenirrationally, as in fashion, but in the long run in accordance with the trend of adjustment in the mores. Thesolution of the present crisis accordingly would appear tobe either in a return to the old economic system or ina new program that takes shape within the trends nowobservable in the mores and in keeping with sentimentsof individualism, democracy, and humanitarianism.Any radical change in the national character of apeople, that is, in their mores and institutions, can come,in the future as in the past, not by evolution, but by revolution. If a return to the old economic system bringsfailure, or if the New Deal or other similar programfails to stave off economic disaster, then as a final resortthe American people, losing faith in their traditions andinstitutions, will have recourse to revolution. And inrevolution, and only in revolution, will the new moresbe forged that will make possible a planned collectivisticeconomic and social order. At present, there is no immediate prospect of a revolution. The faith of the overwhelming mass of the American people in this fifth yearof the depression still seems to be as strong as ever inthe efficacy of individualism, democracy and humanitarianism. The presidential election of 1932 and the Literary Digest poll of 1934 show that nearly one-third of thevoters would like to return to the Old Deal, and a littleover two-thirds of them prefer the New Deal. In the recent election the New Deal increased its majority inboth houses of Congress. Those Americans who desireto experiment with the European programs of socialism,communism, and fascism are only a scattered handfulcomposed mainly of intellectuals and of recent immigrants.A second objection to the Sumnerian point of viewis brought forward by those who believe it is possible "toput over" a collectivistic or any other program upon theAmerican people as by the presidential fiat, by cleverlydevised propaganda, or by some sort of indirection. Secretary Ickes, recognizing certain difficulties with socialplanning, naively comments: "The 'engineering of human consent' to use a happy phrase of George Soule isessential to social planning in a democracy."This "happy phrase," "the engineering of humanconsent," seems to imply that the consent of the governedmay somehow or other be obtained in much the same'way that national advertising determines what cerealsshall be eaten for breakfast, or what razors used forshaving, or what brands of tooth-paste purchased.The facts are probably quite the contrary. Propaganda, although a highly developed art, has rigid limitations. Propaganda seems to have its greatest influencein the field of the folkways and in fashion. It has manifested increasing effects upon dress, food, manners buthas diminishing influence upon politics and technology.There is no doubt, however, of the widespread belief in the effectiveness of advertising and of what ispopularly described as "bally-hoo" upon the attitudes andopinions of the public. The NRA was introduced intobusiness and industry with all the showmanship of P. T.Barnum and his circus. This education of the publicupon which political parties spend so much time andmoney does frequently enable the parties to secure amandate for all sorts of programs but it does not insurethe effectiveness of the program because the full consequences of the program have not been adequately revealed.Nor is this education of the public as effective asthe political managers assume. For example, the Literary Digest polls in the last two presidential elections showvery little shift in the distribution of voters from thepre-campaign period to the final returns on election day.It is not the "consent" of the governed that is neededby the New Deal or by any deal that is seeking to introduce systematic social planning in fields hitherto lackingin rational control. It is rather that each program shouldbe worked out experimentally, pragmatically, and democratically to the end of securing not only a more desirable economy, but also a more desirable human living.In this surer but slower way programs of social planningmay obtain a more than temporary public sanction.A third point in objection, and an intriguing one,259260 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEis the argument that education may effect a change inthe mores without the necessity for a revolution. If itis impossible to educate, manipulate or coerce the oldergeneration, the younger generation may be trained in theright way.1 The Commission on the Social Studies inthe Schools was set up by the American Historical Association with a grant from the Carnegie Foundation tooutline a program of social science studies in the schools.The Commission fearlessly states its position on thefunction of education in creating the new social order.2"American society during the past hundred years hasbeen moving from an individualistic and frontier economy to a collective and social economy; this trend hassteadily gained in momentum, and is strikingly revealedin the contemporary decline of doctrines of laissez-faireand in the launching of programs of planning and control in local, state and national economy."The emerging economy will involve the placing ofrestraints on individual enterprise, propensities, and acquisitive egoism in agriculture, industry, and labor andgenerally on the conception, ownership, management, anduse of property, as the changing policies of governmentalready indicate. . ."The implications for education are clear and imperative : the efficient functioning of the emerging economyand the full utilization of its potentialities require profound changes in the attitudes and outlook of the American people, especially the rising generation — a completeand frank recognition that the old order is passing, andthat knowledge of realities and capacity to cooperate areindispensable to the development and even the enduranceof American society."What the Commission on the Social Studies franklyand boldly proposes is that the schools shall deliberatelypropagandize the children of the next generation in thediscarding of the old mores of individualism, democracy,and humanitarianism and indoctrinate them in the newmores of collectivism, social regimentation and socialjustice.Waiving for the moment the question of the desirability of this program, there arises the problem of itsfeasibility. Attempts at indoctrination by the schoolswill make slow headway aganst the dominance in societyof the present mores. Changes in the mores arise, asSumner points out, not by the doctrinnaire teachingsof the intellectuals but out of discusson and reflectionby the masses of the people over their day by day experience.Attempts at present to manipulate the schools asagencies of propaganda for collectivism are certain toembroil our educational institutions in constant turmoiland confusion.A fourth objection naturally arises from this discussion of the function of education relative to mores.Are the American people to remain forever confined within the limitation of the mores? Must changesthat are rational, that are required by economic trendsalways be circumscribed and hampered by sentimentsand prejudices in the mores which are, in the natureof things, conservative, if not reactionary, and not subject to appeal by reason?xThis theory was advanced by Plato. See Ideal Republic.2 Conclusions and Recommendations of the Commission, pp. 33-35. This was a problem which caused Sumner concern.Although he did not come directly to grips with it, hedid by implication indicate a working conception of therelation of education to the mores. He says :"It is by criticism that the person is protected againstcredulity, emotion, and fallacy. . . An educated manought to be beyond the reach of suggestions from advertisements, newspapers, speeches, and stories. . . Inshort, individuality and personality of character are appo-sites of suggestibility. . . A highly trained judgment isrequired to correct or select one's own ideas and to resistfixed ideas. The supreme criticism is criticism of one'sself."3To Sumner the chief task of education is not toindoctrinate individuals but to train them in the powerof criticism. Since the folkways and mores arise and aremaintained in suggestion, the training of its members tobe critical will be the greatest protection of societyagainst the irrationality of the mores.Instead of recommending that the schools indoctrinate students for a new social order, the Commission onSocial Studies might have proposed that a prime functionof education is to develop powers of criticism and self-criticism in the members of society. As John Dewey,an outstanding advocate of a new social order, states:"The first step, as far as subject-matter and method areconcerned, is to make sure of an educational system thatinforms students about the present state of society in away that enables them to understand the conditions andforces at work."4 The analysis and criticism of the present system and of all proposed substitute systems shouldbe disinterested and impartial, with conclusions to bearrived at by students and not imposed upon them byteachers.There remains a fifth objection that has so far beenside-stepped. Is the rationality and desirability of a collective society to be assumed?The Commission on the Social Studies asserts that"in the United States, as in other countries, the age ofindividualism and laissez-faire in economy and government is closing and that a new age of collectivism isemerging."5 This conclusion can not be accepted as astatment of fact but merely as an expression of opinionin a report of a Commission which four of its prominentmembers refused to sign. There is no consensus ofeconomists upon the probabilities of success of a plannedcollectivistic society. Certainly the present stage of experiments in collectivism in Italy and the Soviet Uniondo not warrant any final conclusion upon their prospectsof ultimate success. Indeed, the results so far achievedin planned economy and in social regimentation in thesecountries have already had the effect of causing a reaction in the United States against any similar experimentation in this country.These attitudes, while emotional rather than rational, are partly determined by and partly reinforced bythe traditional conceptions in our mores of individualismand democracy. In fact, this American cultural com-sFolkways, p. 24.4Pamphlet on "Education and the Social Order," p. 2.Conclusions and Recommendations: Report of the Commission onthe Social Studies, p. 16.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 261plex against collectivism and regimentation may makepossible in the United States economic and social planning of a kind entirely different from that now in progress on the European continent.Three conditions seem necessary for the success ofan American type of social planning.The first of these is that social planning proceedwithin the traditional framework of a free society inwhich the values of individualism and democracy arepreserved, nurtured, and extended. The voluntary association of the different groups in our population, consumers as well as producers, with only the necessaryminimum of governmental supervision and regulationshould be encouraged. Proposals for social and economic security of the individual are to be examined fortheir value in insuring the welfare of the individual ina free society.The second prerequisite for the success of an American type of social planning is a complete and thoroughgoing restatement of the conceptions of individualism,democracy, and humanitarianism, a restatement with reference not to the pioneer period but to the realities ofan urban and technical civilization.The third condition for the success of social planning in America is to secure participation of specialistsand technicians in the undertaking, but in their properfunctioning.6The barrage of attack upon the "brain trust" inWashington brings acutely to the fore the thread-worntopic of how a democracy, with its glorification of theaverage man, can manage to secure the benefit of theservices of the man of special ability who tends to bedistrusted by the mass of the people.At once ludicrous and tragic is the unwarrantedalarm sincerely felt by business man and worker alikeas they witness the growing aggregation of professors atWashington.This reaction of the public needs to be taken seriously and not lightly. In the first place, the function ofthe specialist in government service should be clearlydefined. Once this function is recognized and establishedas a consultative and research service rather than a taskof administration and of decision-making, a large partof the difficulty will disappear.There will, however, remain a more subtle and difficult problem. The popular feeling of distrust of thespecialist is largely due to his abstract treatment of human situations. To the average man the expert and thereformer are alike in their dispostion to formulate andchampion welfare, programs without sufficiently takinginto account the feelings, attitudes, and wishes of thehuman beings involved.The feelings, attitudes, and wishes of people arepart of the situation and should also be considered. Itis, as we have seen, the sociologist who by training andinterest is fitted to deal with the human factors in thesituation, that is, with human nature, traditions andcustoms.6In England and in Sweden the utilization of the expert in government is of long standing and appropriate patterns have been workedout. England has royal commissions and Sweden has social boards* whichmake investigations and present reports of fact finding bearing uponmatters of legislation. The experience of both England and Sweden withtheir mores of individualism and democracy similar^ to ours containsmuch that may be helpful to us as we proceed in social planning. The social scientist attempts too often to deal withhuman nature as the natural scientist deals with physicalnature, namely, as if it were a mechanical thing to beshaped arbitrarily into this or that form as conditionsrequire. But human nature and the customs and traditions of a people are living organisms, susceptible tochange, it is true, but change in the nature of growth,which is as much influenced by their already establishedtendencies as by the conditions of the external environments.7It is important, therefore, that programs of socialplanning should take account not only of technologicalor material change but also of our immaterial culture,our customs and our institutions. When the public isassured that all factors in the situation, including thoseof human nature, are adequately being considered andour traditional American values are being safeguarded,much of the distrust of the expert will be eliminated.In conclusion it is freely conceded that Sumner'sanalysis of the role of the mores in social change waslargely derived from his study of the static societies ofprimitive peoples where change took place slowly if atall. Modern societies are not static, but dynamic, technological changes occur rapidly, bringing in their wakenumerous social and economic consequences. The question must therefore be considered to what extent andwith what modifications Sumner's explanations apply tothe more rapid changes in a dynamic society.Sumner, no doubt, perceived in the so-called phenomena of "cultural lag" the inertia of the mores tochange.On the other hand, fashion, propaganda, and socialmovements characteristic of modern society introducenew factors into the social equation, factors which Sumner did not adequately reckon with. Since Sumner, newdevices of communication and transportation, the motion picture, the radio, and the automobile have profoundly altered the social relationships which condition,if indeed they do not constitute, society.These agencies, much more than economic inventions, have destroyed the pre-existing social order, butit does not follow that they have destroyed individualismand democracy. In fact, the radio, the motion picture,the automobile and the press in the process of creatinga new social order are the very instrumentalities throughwhich modern democracy can adequately function andthe new individualism be realized.These new devices of communication, essential forthe adaptation of democracy and individualism to modern life conditions can be, and have been, perverted forpropaganda in the interests of regimentation and dictatorship. Freedom from censorship and from control,whether by the government or by private commercialinterests should be guaranteed not only to the press, butalso to the radio and the cinema.It is perhaps also through these new instrumentalities of communication that the sentiment of humanitarianism can be deflated of its romantic fallacies and broughtfruitfully to bear upon the realities of life. Here thesociologist may also be of assistance by substituting (Continued on Page 377)7C. H. Cooley has presented an illuminating account of "the tentativeprocess." See Social Process. Chapter I.DUST STORM RELIEFWHO was it that made that famous Universityof Chicago statement, "When in doubt, laya cornerstone?" We haven't been "in doubt"around here for several years — assuming the statementis still in force. At least there hasn't been any doubtabout the lack of the first prerequisite for this ceremony.We are temporarily off the cornerstone standard.Therefore, we were not a little surprised the othermorning to discover a gang of workmen with shovelsand trucks busily tearing up the front yard of Mr.Tracht's University bookstore and hauling the dirt awayin trucks. We hadn't seen such activity around theseparts in years. We fell to wondering how deep theywould have to dig to reach a solid base for the foundation (it was eighty feet for the chapel, you remember).We found ourselves looking up and down the street forthe arrival of those long, open trucks that transportIndiana limestone. Would the building have some goodlooking gargoyles (if you remember our predicamentof last month) and could they have the structure completed for the fall quarter of 1935?We were not entirely disappointed about the arrivalof the trucks but when they came they were loaded withblack loam, not limestone blocks. This soil was dumpedin the depressions left after the light, sandy soil — whichhad never produced anything but dusty whirlwinds — hadbeen removed. This project was one of the middle-west's minor desert problems. In June, when you return for Alumni week, you will be agreeably surprisedwith the transformation. There will be green grass,shrubbery and hedges where before there was dustydesolation. Manager Tracht need no longer fear theannoying and destructive dust storms. He has exchangedhis desert for an attractive front yard.This Month's Yesteryear CalendarMay 1, 1907 — University announces plan to construct an entrance in the north end of Cobb Hall. Thechapel, which occupies the north half of the first floor,will be converted into offices of administration.May 2, 1904 — Senior Council drafts resolutioncondemning spring pastime of pitching nickels in theeast court of Cobb Hall between classes. (Ed. note:This was thirty years beforeanyone thought of staging aFandango ! )" May 3, 1904— ProfessorJohn Dewey announces his resignation from the position ofDirector of the School of Education to take effect July 1.Will accept chair of philosophyat Columbia University. Mr.Dewey came to the University > By HOWARD W. MORT, Editor, Tower Topicsof Chicago in 1894 and has since gained national recognition for his work in education.May 5, 1911 — Japanese baseball team arrives inChicago and attends "Purity" banquet at HutchinsonCommons. Pat Page is acting as the team's managerwhile the Japanese boys are in America.May 10, 1904 — Dustin Farnum is Blackfriar guestat four o'clock tea held in the Reynolds Club. Mr.Farnum is playing the title role in "The Virginian" atthe Garrick theatre. In a moment of frankness headmits he never saw a real cowboy until he was selectedas a member of the cast, after which he toured thesouth and west making a first hand study of the dialectsand habits of this American phenomenon.May 11, 1909 — University Orchestral Associationorganized at a meeting in Haskell Hall. Purpose isto sponsor six annual concerts in Mandel Hall, fourto be played by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Theother two will probably be noted concert artist appearances. (Ed. note: 1934-35 is the first season it wasdeemed necessary to discontinue this plan. Financialproblems made the recess necessary.)May 11, 1912 — Blackfriar production, "Pursuit ofPortia," staged as charity benefit at Illinois theatre.Played to capacity house. Opening day of ticket saleline of ticket purchasers extended east to Michiganand half a block south. First time in history of Blackfriars that annual musical show is produced in Loop.May 12, 1904 — Patrons of Hutchinson Commonsdining room vote to admit women to dining room fordinner on Sundays. It was agreed that men wouldabstain from smoking on these occasions. Vote was 172to 78 for admitting women ; 121 to 134 to ban smoking.May 13, 1916 — Announcement of the appointmentof Dr. Jean F. Piccard to the Department of OrganicChemistry. Dr. Piccard comes to the University fromthe University of Lausanne, Switzerland.May 14, 1904 — Emmons Blaine Hall dedicatoryservice held at Mandel Hall. Mrs. Blaine (daughter ofCyrus H. McCormick), the donor, modestly said, "Idid not found the School of Education, I simply foundit. The real founders were Col. Parker . . . ProfessorDewey and Mr. Belfield. I thank the University andPresident Harper, for Emmons Blaine, that his namemay be allowed to rest within the home of things heso much loved." President Nicholas Murray Butler is"orator" of the day.May 15, 1915— Lyndon Lesch '17 mysteriouslygained entrance to hallway outside the Cap and Gownoffice nine and one-half hours before that publicationwas scheduled to present the first arrival with a complimentary copy. Henry Burgee, arriving a few hourslater, was not aware that Lyndon was on the inside ofthe locked door until the janitor arrived. Lesch wasconceded first place and received the free copy.May 16, 1913 — First all-university sing held in262THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 263Hutchinson Court at 5 :00 p. m., featuring band, orchestra and Blackfriar cast. President Judson attends inperson and an informal hour is spent singing Universitysongs interspersed with special musical selections. Songhits from "Pranks of Paprika," sung by the Blackfriarquartet and the men's and women's glee clubs.May 27, 1908 — University advertises in Chicagopapers for ten "change ringers" and one conductor toplay at dedication of Alice Freeman Palmer chimes inMitchell Tower. Must be a man for each rope and aconductor who will stand in center and point to eachman in the proper sequence, who in turn pulls the ropewhich rings the bell that chimes the note designated onthe score, if we make ourselves clear.May 27, 1911 — Blackfriar production, "CapturingCalypso," presented in Fuller Opera House,Madison, Wisconsin, to capacity audience.Daily Cardinal, student mouthpiece at University of Wisconsin, reports the dancingto be the "best ever seen in these parts."This is the first time Blackfriar has evertaken a production out of the city.May 28, 1909— Extract from DailyMaroon of this date: "Auto taxi-cabs arenow the thing. Horse drawn vehicles areno longer approved for social functions atthe University. The days of the hackdriver are past. . . Never again will theJehu of the lash apply the screw to thelean pocketbook of the undergraduate inan effort to extract ... the price of acarriage. Auto taxi-cabs have solved thefinancial problem. . . Taxi-cabs to convey four persons will be furnished at a student rate of 50c for thefirst mile and 40c thereafter. . . Distance will be reckoned to and from the gymnasium according to distanceactually traversed."Life Begins at Sixty-SixOn February 25th, 1935, the following item appeared in Tower Topics:"University Press Manager to Retire"Albert C. McFarland, manager of the manufacturing department of the Press, has announced that hewill retire from that position this spring. It was duringthe year 1901 that 'Mac' was strolling up 57th Streetwith his pipe, enjoying a few weeks of freedom, whilea large Chicago printing concern, for which he wasprinting foreman, was passing through a reorganizationprocess. At University Avenue Mr. McFarland heardprinting presses and, upon investigation, found the University Press — at that time very much in its infancy —housed in the north end of the one-story Universitygymnasium which stood on the site of Hutchinson Court.McFarland strolled into the plant, discovered an oldfriend in charge, learned that the friend was leaving andthe plant needed a foreman, was persuaded to apply forthe position and was appointed by President Harper.There were fifteen employees the day 'Mac' took charge.There are over two hundred today."Mr. McFarland and his wife will reside at OlympiaFields again this summer, as has been their custom in past summers. In the fall they expect to go south withthe birds and spend the winter in Florida — maybe longerif they like it. 'Mac' has a number of hobbies, all ofwhich will get their share of attention when he laysdown his working tools. Golf, of course ; fishing, particularly in the estuaries off the west coast of Florida,and good old-fashioned gardening."We'll be holding the presses for your interpretation of 'Life Begins at Forty,' Mr. McFarland."— • —Now we are prepared to add the sequel to this briefbiography.The tenth annual University of Chicago Press dinner was held at the Cloister Club (Ida Noyes) on Tuesday evening, April 23. The program was patternedafter a world premiere of a motion picture,with Mr. McFarland representing the"star" guest of the evening. The eveningstarted with the dinner, of course. Wethink you will enjoy reading the menu:All Star MenuConsomme a la Claudette ColbertRoast Sirloin of Beef Wallace Beery,(Joe E.) Brown GravyBrowned Potatoes Maurine O'SullivanParsley Young Carrots a la Clara BowPeach Salad (Wampas Babies)Salted Almond Dressing a laFour Marx BrothersRolls and Butter (Laurel and Hardy)Apple Pie au ChaplinCoffee Eddie CantorFollowing the dinner came the premier showingof the picture, "Three Dates That Shook the World."A collection of pictures covering the life history of Mr.McFarland had been secured in advance with the aidof Mrs. McFarland. These pictures were photographedon film and projected on the screen in proper sequenceto make up the life history of the guest of honor. Thethree dates mentioned in the title were 1869, the date of"Mac's" birth; 1901, the year he began his work at theUniversity; and 1935, his retirement. The pictures hadbeen gathered and prepared so quietly that the dramawas a complete surprise to the hero.Appropriate talks followed the picture, at the closeof which Mr. McFarland was presented with a leathersuit bag, a Gladstone traveling bag with a leather toiletcase to match, a hand made German silver fishing reel,and a double layer bamboo fishing rod for deep seafishing. Which is evidence to the effect that life doesbegin at forty, or sixty-six, don't you think?LAW SCHOOL ANNUAL DINNERTuesday, June II, 1935, 6:30 p. m., atUnion League ClubSpeaker — Justice George T. McDermott, '09, ofU. S. Circuit Court of Appeals of the1 0th Circuit, of Topeka, KansasIN MY OPINION _____• By FRED B. MILLETT, PhD, '31, Associate Professor of EnglishTHE nature of Compton Mackenzie's Literature inMy Time is happily suggested by the disarmingprefatory sentence, "I have taken advantage ofthe title to indulge the egoism of the impressionisticcritic, and I have mentioned no book which I have notread myself." Though the book is neither distinctivecriticism nor memorable literary biography, it is an interesting and occasionally provocative reflection of thereading experience of a competent middle-aged novelist.There was a time, to be sure, when something moreambitious and consequential was expected from thetalented author of Youth's Encounter and Sinister Street.In 1914 Henry James was- not the only reader to believe that Mackenzie, Beresford, Cannan, and Lawrencewere, the most promising novelists of the younger generation. The whirligig of time has brought its revengesupon the audacious prophet. Lawrence, whom heviewed askance, has rocketed to a very high summit incritical opinion, Cannan has quite disappeared, andBeresford and Mackenzie have dwindled into mediocrity.Of the two last, Beresford is perhaps the more worthyof respect, since he at least has not sold his birthrightfor a gramaphone.But despite's one disillusionment with the. successorsto those glamorous early novels, possibly the best recreations of the complex atmosphere of London andOxford in the nineties, Mackenzie's critical essay hasits interest as revealing an indefatigable practitioner'sestimates of his contemporaries. Of such honest records, we can hardly have too many. For the gaps inMackenzie's reading are as revelatory as its inclusions.His lack of interest in the Irish literary renaissance isintelligible, but it is difficult to understand why he has,apparently, never read the later and more original worksof George Moore by whose early works he was movedto a deep admiration. Masefield, Noyes, and Bridgesare the only poets treated at any length, and the comments on them are superficial and perfunctory. Asidefrom passing mention of the glories of the Court Theatre under Vedrenne and Barker, the drama gets little or no attention. To write of contemporary literature without discussing Shaw is like discussing communism without Marx.Of the classical English novelists, Mackenzie's honestly expressed opinions are usually refreshing if notintensely illuminating. He enjoys the work of JaneAusten "above that of all other novelists" ; he condemnsCharlotte Bronte for "having inspired more bad novelsand cultivated more bad taste in reading than any otherwriter of genius." Scott's novels bored him when hewas young, and they bore him even more completelynow. "Not all the eloquence poured out in 1932 availedto revive Scott as a novelist, and if ever I felt safein prophesying anything, I feel safe in prophesying thathe will never be revived in the future." He believesthat Meredith's current obscurity is deserved, and that Hardy was, and is, incomparably more significant. OfBrowning, he writes, "Perhaps after all he was essentially a minor poet even although the externals were thoseof major poetry. I count as minor poetry that in whichthe need for particular expression exceeds the need forgeneral comprehension." Though I suspect that he doesnot admire Kipling without qualification, he believesthat it was he "who invented the mystical value ofBritish imperialism. ... It was he who supplied thepeople of Great Britain with the notion that their desire to rule inferior races was inspired by nothing except the austere consciousness of a moral duty."Of his elder contemporaries, Mackenzie's estimatesare fairly conventional. Possibly he underestimates thevalue of Bennett's novels when he writes, "Bennett'sbooks succeeded in doing what they set out to do, butwhen one looks back at them now, they appear to haveset out to do very little." Surely the intention of TheOld Wives' Tale is not slight nor its accomplishmentmeager. Mackenzie's view of Galsworthy coincidesmost precisely perhaps with the emergent posthumousestimate. Though he recognized that The Man ofProperty marked the beginning of an era, time hasmade him "more consciously aware of Galsworthy'sfaults than of his virtues. The lack of humor and,strange as it may seem to some to say so, the lack ofmuch first-hand knowledge of human nature, the deliberate manipulation of the natural scene that suggesteda theatrical convention, the sentimentalization of flowersand animals, the solemnity of presentation that so oftenverged upon something akin to pomposity, combined todestroy the edifice, which as I read took on more andmore the air of one of those palaces built to enshrinethe spirit of a nation at an exhibition." A more noveljudgment appears in the difficult case of H. G. Wells.Though he regards Wells's Outline of History as "oneof the most pernicious books that has been let looseupon the world," at the same time, he admires Wellsas "a vital and significant force, the equal of whichwould be hard to find in modern letters." It is withMackenzie's denigration of Conrad that I should bemost tempted to quarrel. He feels that Conrad's involved narrative technique was adopted to avoid thewriting of dialogue in English, and that his prose isso costive and stilted that it can not be read aloud withpleasure. I should be inclined to contend that Conrad'sprose blends subtly the best qualities of English andFrench romantic styles.In the presence of his contemporaries, Mackenzieseems distinctly ill at ease, and one wonders whetherhis embarrassment is due to bad conscience, a temperamental incapacity to understand the modern world, orto what I. A. Richards has deftly denominated doctrinaladhesions. Mackenzie is most nearly in agreementwith "advanced" critical opinion in his estimate of Virginia Woolf. He finds it difficult to believe that "the264THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 265most perfect prose any woman has written will notpreserve her books against the neglect which has already overtaken those of Henry James." His attitudetoward Ulysses is curiously ambivalent. While he recognizes it as "the major piece of literature this timehas witnessed," he also regards it as "the most convincing proof ever penned of the possibility of humandamnation, the profoundest revelation of evil ever setdown upon paper." He is least successful in clearingup his critical confusion with regard to D. H. "Lawrence.Out of his convictions that Lawrence was jealous ofJesus Christ, that he was sexually obsessed, that hisphilosophy was compounded of "undigested early Greektheories and mediaeval heresies," that his prose is alovely matrix, and that he will live as a poet and short-story writer, he creates no clear and unwavering criticalpattern.The failure of Mackenzie's critical insight in themost crucial of all tests, the criticism of his contemporaries, may be attributed to his temperamental and intellectual limitations. But, at least, consistency may befound between his view of life and his view of literature. Both mark him as a bewildered and baffled conservative, distrustful of democracy, distressed by thedestruction of the classical curriculum in English universities, and frankly pessimistic as to the future of lifeand literature. From such a temperament it is inevitable that the happiest contributions will be re-creationsof a less problematical past. Thus, the most valuablepassages in Literature in My Time are his personal reminiscences of a childish encounter with Queen Victoria, of her funeral, of a summer's reading in Franceon a "lizard-haunted terrace that overhung the dazzlingdusty road along which the great cows drew their burdens and the swallowtail butterflies tumbled in creamyflight." There are vivid vignettes of celebrities: ofPierre Loti during the war, "a corseted little Frenchnaval officer heavily powdered and rouged," of RobertBridges, who "used to ride down almost daily on hisbicycle from Boars Hill, wearing grey-striped whiteflannel trousers, patent leather boots, a flowered silkwaistcoat, a black tail-coat, a crimson tie pulled througha cameo ring, and a yachting cap." Perhaps the mostbrilliant bravura passage in the book is Mackenzie'ssynthesis of his personal associations with the pre-Raphaelite movement, "with reading in the dusk Christina Rossetti's serene and exquisite poems for childrenin that volume called Sing Song, the firelight shimmering on the silken green and presumably aesthetic binding, with paintings of my childish companions in fieldsof daisies and blow-balls, with visits to elderly painterswhose walls glowed with princesses in sea-green velvetgowns and knights in armor riding through autumnalwoods, with the enchanted forest of Morris wallpapers,with sunsets in a Broadway garden and children holding lighted Japanese lanterns among the lilies and rosesand carnations of Sargent's picture." Despite the glamorof this passage, it is perhaps a final revelation of Mackenzie's remoteness from the bleak and grim chaos ofour time.oThe Chicago College Plan, By C. S. BoucherReviewed by W. S. Learned, CarnegieFoundation for the Advancement ofLearning. Published by The University of Chicago Press; $3.00.Dean Boucher's summary reviewof the Chicago College Plan is easilythe most momentous and useful document of reconstruction that American institutional education of thecollegiate period has hitherto produced. It is momentous because itdeals most effectively with a movement probably destined to deliver usfrom procedures that are rapidly discrediting all institutional education inAmerica; useful, because it represents not merely a "plan" but fouryears of successful experience carefully analyzed into factors that areconvincing as models which may befollowed.Four years ago the College of theUniversity of Chicago set out totransform the well-known system ofdegree-getting through the bestowaland collection of "credits", which itshared with most other educationalinstitutions, into a flexible and coherent scheme of individual self-education. At a single stroke it inaugu rated a revolution in the prevailingmotives, processes, and attitudes ofboth teacher and student; it sweptaway all the intricate and creakingacademic machinery for registeringattendance, cuts, marks, course-credits, honors, failures, etc., and confronted the student simply and freelywith his sole obligation, namely, toread and think; it wiped out withamazing ease certain long acceptedparadoxes : that a student should payheavily for an education that hewould not accept; that in order tovalidate a "course" a professor shouldbe obliged to keep on talking when hehad nothing further to say; that tosafeguard his credit a student shouldbe required to waste his time attending to instruction that was alreadywell understood; that for fear of acharge of "boot-licking" studentsshould avoid like the plague the veryteachers whose contacts were expected to educate and inspire them;that after two years of variegated"courses" neither the student nor anyofficial should know clearly what hadhappened in that student's mind.The progress of this transforma tion is an absorbing story. The author tries hard to be moderate in hisjudgments and modest in his prophecies, but the tale will glow for anyreader who is interested in the educational process and especially forhim who deals with college students.The background of inertia, skepticism, or active criticism is but lightlysketched. This is inevitable with aprocedure that must become established and thoroughly assimilated before its qualities can be impartiallyjudged. But it is evident that theplan commands a strong and friendlymajority within the college faculty.Without this hearty approval, orwith merely passive acceptance, itcould scarcely have come through.For the essence of the project,from the teacher's point of view, isthat it abandons all the crutches andartificial supports with which theAmerican college usually surroundsits instructors — aids which rarely impose upon the intelligent student butwhich often raise an effective barrierbetween student and teacher. Lacking these, every instructor is compelled, whether in lecture, discussiongroup, or personal conference, to deal266 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEwith students as with equals interested solely in ideas presented ontheir merits. If the experimentworks at all it will work becauseteachers offer material that is well-ordered, interesting, and important.To have done this and to have madethe students enthusiastic even inthese initial stages of the scheme,while reconstructing every subjectsequence in the light of carefullyanalyzed objectives and coherent,long range syllabi, was a critical anda monumental performance; it indicates on the part of the faculty bothresourceful intelligence and great devotion to the idea.The best part of the book is theassurance of just this health andsoundness of student- faculty relationsconsequent upon the new. plan, forthis is the chief criterion of the permanent success of any system oflearning. The lack of natural, intimate, critical but mutually friendlycooperation in achieving a commongoal has been one incorrigible weakness of the old system. In the new,this community of enterprise ispowerfully favored. The studentfacing a purely intellectual job statedwholly in intellectual terms must depend on himself; at his elbow, notas the tyrant of a "credit," but as anilluminating friend stands the teacher.You cannot improve on this situation; here is learning at its simplest,stripped of all its inhibitions. Sucha formula has always worked ; it willwork here.With the old structure abolishedand with the ground cleared for thesurprisingly simple demands of genuine education, the College at onceattacked seriously the chief constructive feature of its reform — an agencyfor the accurate appraisal of individual achievement in terms, not ofcredits or of guesses in any otherform, but of trustworthy demonstrations of knowledge and of power.Dean Boucher does well to set forththis aspect of the project with the utmost thoroughness, for it is the nerveganglion on which depend confidenceand vigor in the new arrangement.The results as described disclose anexamination system wholly uniquein this country at that level, and asto method, scope, and accuracy,unique at any level here or abroad.While planned to follow the sevengenerous divisions of curriculumsyllabi, the tests are enormouslybroader in their base than any coursetests could possibly be. Furthermore, they have taken every advantage of such new procedures in test ing as have proved trustworthy, withthe result that great freedom for individual emphasis is allowed within asubject; at the same time an accurateand comprehensive performance isexacted.This progress from the fatefulhazards of the old examination formsto an approximation of consistentand faithful measurement in thebroadest divisions of educational concern is a boon that can scarcely beoverestimated. Together with theremotivation of the student and hisreadjustment to the institution's resources for learning, it constitutes aprocedure of essentially new designin this country — new anywhere.What Chicago has done has been torefine and adapt to American conditions the sound and well-tried principles of European education, of alleducation, with results immeasurably more promising than any mereimitation.Costs and size of staff have not increased under the new plan but thedepression is held accountable. Examinations are extra.No student of this book can leaveTo the Editor.I wish to invite the alumnaethrough the columns of ourAlumni Magazine, to accept theprivileges of the InternationalUniversity Women's clubhousein Paris and to stay at ReidHall.This beautiful old historicbuilding was rebuilt for a clubhouse and given to the university women by Mrs. WhitelawReid. It is in the center of theLatin quarter of Paris, near theLuxemburg Gardens at 4, ruede Chevreuse, and is availableto the famous universities ofParis. It is a center for Frenchand English university womenas well as American, and it affords an excellent opportunityto live comfortably and inexpensively, and at the same timeto practice the French languageand to study in the neighborhood. By special arrangementwith the director, men relativesof visitors may be accommodated in the building also. Forfurther information, pleasewrite to Miss Virginia New-comb, 165 West 83rd Street,New York, N. Y.Sincerely,Narcissa Cox V anderlip , '02. it without a rising inflection : Whatabout the Upper Divisions ? Here wehave one-half of an epoch-makinginnovation brought to a brilliant conclusion. What are to be the university reforms that shall carry along thespirited realism of these far-reachingchanges? Will the University withthe same fidelity and insight theCollege has shown, work out andbring into operation a plan that is astimely and appropriate ?Must We Fight in Asia? By Nathaniel Peffer, Harper & BrothersPublishers, New York. 1935.Reviezued by a Chinese graduate student.THE question which forms thetitle of this book is no doubt avery timely one. It is Mr. Peffer'sconviction that war in the Far Eastis inevitable. Japan's expansion isalready endangering the economicempire of Western Powers in the FarEast. Since Japan cannot be restrained except by force, and sinceit is not likely that the Western Powers will permit Japan to absorb theirmarket, conflict between Japan andsome Western Power is bound tooccur. Great Britain is not likely tofight Japan. A Russo-Japanese waris quite possible. In the event ofsuch a war, it is Mr. Peffer's opinionthat both France and Great Britainwould rather see Japan win, whilethe United States will welcome aRussian victory.Indeed, the real conflict in the FarEast, according to Mr. Peffer, is theconflict between Japan and theUnited States. American policieshave consistently stood in the wayof Japanese imperialistic ambitions.Can such a war between Japan andthe United States be prevented?Here is no direct answer, but Mr.Peffer suggests that the real cause ofwar must be removed — the cause thatlies in the present social order whichlogically leads to economic expansionand political aggression. Mr. Peffer favors a "redistribution ofwealth" and "socialization." Thusone is led to think that war in theFar East cannot be prevented by anychange in "foreign policy" on the partof any nation. It can only be prevented by destroying the motive foreconomic expansion.The book can be read with greatprofit by all who think that WesternPowers are not as imperialistic asJapan; that the American "OpenDoor" policy is based on idealism;as well as by those who have placedtheir trust in Chinese pacifism orJapanese liberalism.REUNIONTHE General Reunion Committee invites every former student of thhe University to return to theQuadrangles during the Reunion Season of 1935.Beginning with the annual dinner of the School of Business on May 23 and continuing until the Law Schoolbanquet of June 11, many opportunities are offered forthe graduates of the professional schools to gather withtheir fellows. During Friday and Saturday, June 7and 8, the Committee has provided a most stimulatingand entertaining program for all Chicago alumni. Aremarkable opportunity is presented for the study and ap praisal of your Alma Mater. A galaxy of faculty members will present interesting phases of University work.A panel of professors will discuss Academic Freedomin all of its manifestations. And along with this intellectual feast will be offered much in lighter entertainment, culminating in the colorful University Sing followed by informal dancing for those still able todance.Read the tentative program on Page 249 of thisissue and make your plans to spend at least one day at areunion with your University.C. Daniel Boone '25Reunion ChairmanChairmen of CommitteesS. Edwin Earle ' 1 1The University SingAllis Graham '27W. A. A. DinnerWilliam C. Gorgas1 19Alumnae BreakfastKatharine Hoefer '35"C" Men's Dinner Milton E. Robinson, Jr., 'II JD'13PublicityDonald P. Bean '17Phi Beta Kappa DinnerCharles F, McElroy JD ' 1 5Law School AssociationOliver S. Ormsby MD "95Rush Medical College Association Frank R. Lillie PhD '94Doctors of Philosophy AssociationJane Mullenbach Moore '29 AM '3 1Social Service AssociationAgnes Prentice Smith ' 1 9University Aides' DinneroGeneral CommitteeJosephine Allin '99Damaris Ames '22Charles F. Axelson '07Sylvia Holton Bensley MD '30William Scott Bond '97Amy Bradshaw '28Arthur C. Cody '24James J. Cusack, Jr. '29Helen de Werthern '35John F. Dille '09Elizabeth Faulkner '85Bradford Gill '10Mortimer B. Harris '21Charles G. Higgins '20Alfred H. Highland '27 JD '28Normand L. Hoerr PhD '29 MD '31 Phyllis Fay Horton '15J. Kenneth Laird '25Ruth Stagg Lauren '25John J. McDonough '27Helen Condron McGuire '22Roy J. Maddigan '10Howard G. Mayer '27Thomas R. Mulroy '27 JD '28Howard W. Murray '14Helen Norris '07Ellmore Patterson '35Alexander Pendleton '26 JD '27Caryl Cody Pfanstiehl '15Rosalia Pollak '31Ethel Preston '08 PhD '20Wayne Rapp '34 Katherine Madison Riddle '30Paul S. Russell '16Neil F. Sammons '29Charles P. Schwartz '08 JD '09Anna May Sexton AM '30Arnold I. Shure '27 JD '29Barbara Miller Simpson '18Walter P. Steffen '10 JD '12Edward J. Stieglitz '18 MD '21Louise Norton Swain '09 AM '17Harry R. Swanson '17Harold H. Swift '07Clara H. Taylor '05William A. Thomas 12 MD 14Donald S. Trumbull '97Andrew R. E. Wyant DB '97Charlton T. Beck '04Reunion SecretaryAlumni Office, University of ChicagoTelephone, Midway 0800267NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLESAPRIL was lively. There occurred a series of incidents, culminating in the withdrawal of his niecefrom the University by Charles R. Walgreen,drugstore magnate, and the appointment of a committee of State Senators to investigate subversive "communistic teachings and ideas advocating the violent overthrow of the established form of government of theUnited States and the State of Illinois" in the tax exempt colleges and universities of the state, which createda teapot tempest that reverberated through the pressof the country.Because rumorings of Redness at the Universityhad occurred before, we discussed campus radicalism atsome length in the February issue of the MAGAZINE.The Walgreen episode is the latest and loudest of theserumors, and rumor it remains at this writing, no "evidence" having been adduced. We made no effort in theFebruary issue to defend the principle of academicfreedom, although the defense of that principle is thereal center of the controversy, for other educationalinstitutions as well as this, since the attack on academicfreedom is general. Every reader of the MAGAZINEhas doubtless received a copy of President Hutchins'recent radio address on the indispensability of such freedom in a democracy, and there is no need to labor thepoint. We shall be content here to reiterate the pointthat the University, as a community of individuals, ison the whole "unpatriotic" only to the extent that it ismore conservative than the nation at large, and to recitesome of the events of the month.Chiefly perplexing is the problem of the University's public relations. In their very nature universitiesoperate at an intellectual level that is not completelyintelligible to some people. More serious is a misunderstanding of the function of university, a failure toappreciate the fact that universities do not attempt toindoctrinate anybody with anything, but do attempt thecritical examination of important problems and differentpoints of view. The present situation must be understood also against the background of the general jitteri-ness of public opinion caused by the depression, andthe "Red scare" of this year, which in the Hearst pressis aimed particularly at alleged "Communism" in institutions of higher learning.Several months ago there was organized on thecampus a small student group calling itself the PublicPolicy Association. Its purpose was to discuss publicproblems, among other things problems of war andpeace, and to promote "sound principles." Its membership centered in the Sigma Chi fraternity house, and itspresident was Hulen R. Carroll, an undergraduate in hisfirst year at Chicago who transferred with some advanced standing from the University of Texas. Most ofthe members felt that the University was being undulymaligned because of the presence on the campus of a verysmall but hard-working group of radical students. Con- • By JOHN P. HOWE, '27st ruing itself to be patriotic, the Association was in thenature of a conservative, counter-radical organization. Itwas promptly recognized by the Dean's Office, and giventhe usual privileges, such as the use of University roomsfor meeting purposes, use of bulletin boards, and theadditional privilege of a Faculty Exchange box. If wemay be permitted to interpret campus opinion, we shouldsay there has been a need for a liberal-conservativestudent organization, intelligently conducted at an intellectual level, to interpret the predominant temper ofthe campus. Whether there has been a need for a "red-fighting" organization, in view of the fact that 95% ofthe student body has resisted the blandishments of theradical group and has a considerable lack of interest inthe "demonstration" technique of influencing opinion, isanother question. A group of the most respected members of the senior class were sympathetic to the PublicPolicy Association in its early stages. They soon lostthat sympathy, partly through lack of confidence in itsleadership, partly because it became merely chauvinistic.The Association came into being during the timea series of campus meetings, sponsored by various student organizations, was being held for the purpose ofdiscussing war and its prevention, surely a fit subjectfor the young men of any generation who are likely tobe in the front lines. The first of these was a symposium on January 15th, sponsored by the Daily Maroon(which is run this year and as usual by a level-headedgroup) as a part of its program of cooperating with theLiterary Digest collegiate peace poll. The symposiumwas held in Mandel hall, with Major John L. Griffith,one of four speakers, representing the isolationist-adequate-national-defense theory of war prevention. Thesecond was a symposium at the Oriental Institute heldJanuary 30th, sponsored by the Daily Maroon and theStudent Union Against War and Fascism, at whichstudent speakers from a dozen campus organizationspresented their views. Student radicals spoke, for they,too, have a theory of war-prevention ; but any attempt tointerpret an interest in peace as synonymous with radicalism is of course unjustifiable. The third meetingwas a two-day Conference Against War held February27th and 28th, which consisted of a general meeting atInternational House and a series of special discussionsections. More than a score of campus organizationssent delegates, and more than a dozen members of thefaculty accepted invitation to participate in the discussion. A fourth meeting was that of an "executivecommittee," representing we're not quite sure whom, todiscuss participation by Chicago students in a national"Anti-war strike" scheduled for April 12th. The"strike," proposed last year at a "youth congress," wasbeing sponsored by national student religious groupsas well as by student left-wingers. The Public PolicyAssociation was formed at some time during this longparagraph, and recognized February 18th. Carroll, the268THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 269president, attended several of the peace meetings, andcame to attention when he withdrew from one of themin protest. Objections to the "strike" raised by variousinterested students were to the effect that a "strike" isnot a proper instrument for university students, thatquitting classes is an empty gesture at Chicago sinceclass attendance is not required, that there should be aresolution against "class war" as well as against nationalwar. However, plans were made for a meeting inMandel hall at 11 a. m. on Friday, April 12th, with acampus parade to follow.The Public Policy Association was next heard fromwhen it announced a series of three Thursday evening-mass meetings on the subject, "Why Americanism?" tobe held in Mandel hall, and to be addressed by "speakersof national fame." The meetings were planned, withadvice and some financial assistance from several SigmaChi alumni, so that the third and final meeting, timed totake place the evening before the "Anti-war strike"would provide such a smashing demonstration of University patriotism and loyalty as to submerge andinundate the effect of the peace meeting, and thus savethe University from the stigma of pacifism and pinkness.The University Publicity Office was asked by Mr.Carroll to promote the Association's activities. This theoffice would not undertake, on the ground that it shouldnot be expected to advance the cause of any studentpolitical group or controversial group, whether it be theSocialist club or the Young Republicans. The Association then accepted the services of an outside press agent,a Chicago newspaperman, to whom it paid a small fee.This gentleman had the bright idea that the Associationshould arrange for a little fracas at the first mass meeting, blaming the "riot" on the radicals. The suggestion .was not accepted.The first mass meeting was not, by the admissionof the Association, a success. The speaker was anestimable gentleman, though hardly nationally- famous.Several hundred students attended, and their characteristic reaction to the talker was, in the words of onestudent, "his history was at the sixth grade level andhis economics consisted of a comparison of the numberof bathtubs in Russia and the United States." Themeeting was quiet enough, but one metropolitan paperintimated that "radicals had jeered the patriots" andthat fraternity men and football men were "aroused."The Association was then asked by the UniversityPublicity Office to assume responsibility for the accuracy of material it gave to the metropolitan newspapers,and asked by the Dean's Office (which had previouslycooperated with it by offering informal advice onspeakers) to show a greater sense of responsibility inarranging for the use of University quarters in whichit had announced forthcoming meetings. The DailyMaroon, which had previously given a generous amountof space to the Association's activities, made a fewuncomplimentary remarks about the Association. TheAssociation's answer was a news release to the downtown press which began "Shocked by the definitely pro-radical 'shushing' being attempted in the face of theircombined effort to say a word in behalf of old-fashionedeveryday Americanism, Greek letter men affiliated in some two score fraternities at the University of Chicagoare up in arms. . . . Every student who thus far hastaken an active part in the attempt of the Public PolicyAssociation to present pro- Americanism has been 'calledon the carpet' to explain, say students who are backingthe open forum meetings." This highly misleadingstatement was made the basis for stories appearing intwo newspapers, and for an unfair editorial in one.Speakers announced for the second Associationrally were alumnus Dwight Green, the federal districtattorney; Professor Bernadotte Schmitt, head of thehistory department; and Major John L. Griffith, BigTen athletic commissioner. The first two of these cancelled, and Professor Harry Gideonse was asked to substitute. He accepted on condition that Mr. Carroll makeno speeches. But at the meeting Mr. Carroll did makea speech, a quite biting little speech, chiefly about theDaily Maroon, which had editorialized about "PublicPolicy Blunders," Prof. Gideonse, when he was introduced, prefaced his address by commenting unfavorablyon the Association's tactics, described his own politicalinclinations as being about those of Al Smith, andoutlined four attitudes that might be taken on theprevention-of-war question. These he listed as the"communist" approach, which he disapproved on theground that class-struggle is no more desirable thaneconomic struggle; the approach of "intelligent capitalism," which would set up international political cooperation adequate to deal with disputes rising out ofinternational economic commerce, which he approved;the "isolationist" approach, which would probably meanthat America must withdraw the protection of its flagfrom its nationals and its trade in a theater of war inorder to preserve neutrality; and the present approachof "drift," which he felt would inevitably lead to ourbeing involved in the next big war. He suggested thatthe Association cease holding mass-meetings until ithad had a few study sessions in order to work out apolicy or set of resolutions along the lines of intelligiblealternatives, and that the Association try to give intellectual content to the terms it used, such as "goodcitizenship, patriotism, loyalty and faith in America" ;for example, that it try to develop a selective principleby which it could determine which was the better citizen,William Randolph Hearst, Franklin Roosevelt, HenryWallace or Frank Vanderlip. He said that there areon the campus at most about a dozen students withdefinite communistic tendencies, that Americans generally are not interested in foreign "isms" and prefer theirown radicals, such as Huey Long.Following this meeting nine members of the Association (there were not many more than that in theorganization) announced that they had withdrawn frommembership. This left Mr. Carroll virtually a one-manPublic Policy Association, faced with the problem ofstaging the final rally which was to offset the peacemeeting. Mr. Carroll had addressed a meeting of localpost commanders of the American Legion, urging thatthe Legion turn out in force for the rally, which wasto take place on Stagg Field, or in the event of inclementweather, in the field house, and had secured their cooperation. His alumni advisers had almost succeeded270 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEin arranging to have ex-Senator James Reed of Missourias the principal speaker, with broadcast.During the week which followed the second meetingthe Daily Maroon circulated a "statement-of-opinion"which was signed by hundreds of students, and whichdisapproved both the "chauvinism" of the Public PolicyAssociation and the "radicalism" of the National StudentLeague and approved moderation in political views, academic freedom, and loyalty to the democratic form ofgovernment. Plans for a new conservative-liberal club, tobe conducted at an intellectual level, were laid by a groupof prominent seniors. An alumnus adviser of the PublicPolicy Association called the Dean's Office to suggestthat the University make the decision whether the finalrally be held or called off. This the University wouldnot do, but the Dean's Office suggested informally thatthe Association might be wise in cancelling the affair.A downtown patriotic group called "The Coordinators"withdrew its offer to pay for installation of seats in thefield house.Some publicity had been accorded the rally, and theLegion had been invited, so the Association decided togo forward with it. The rally was held in the fieldhouse, with an attendance of about a thousand legionnaires and about fifty students. Legion speakers, including Edward Hayes, past national commander, attacked the University as a center of radicalism andpacifism. A group of the students present, feeling thatthe attack was unfair, suggested to one of the Legionofficials that a student be permitted to speak, in orderto give a more accurate picture of what the Universityis all about, and further suggested that John Barden,prominent senior and editor of the Daily Maroon lastyear, be the student speaker. After consultation, theofficial gave it as his opinion that it would be unwisefor a student to speak. To reinforce the official's decision, Carroll, who had been presiding, approachedBarden and suggested it would be well for Barden'shealth if he left. Hot words were exchanged betweenthe two and incipient fisticuffs had begun when half adozen Legionnaires pounced on Barden and ejected himfrom the building, beating him en route. Five studentswho went to Barden's aid in the melee were also manhandled, one of them later requiring three surgicalstitches as the result of a blow on the head from a cornet.These students, it happened, were not "radicals." Theywere interested onlookers, fraternity men, one of them afirst lieutenant in the R. O. T. C, another an editor ofthe Cap and Gown.The incident aroused no particular anti-Legionsentiment on the campus, although the Daily Maroon, inits story of the meeting, referred to the students as being"slugged and beaten by rowdies of the AmericanLegion." A curious phase .of the picayunish intriguesurrounding the rally was that someone apparently hadcalled up some Legionnaires in advance of the meetingto warn them that "the students" were going to makeit hot for them, and someone had started a rumor withthe Legion that the University had deliberately removedthe seats from the field house for the occasion, bothrumors being quite false. At least part of the Legionnaires were there in truculent mood, and some had the unrealistic idea that the small group of students presentwere plotting to take the platform by force, or capturethe flag or something.The incident does raise the question as to the extentto which outside groups or individuals should be permitted to influence the affairs of student organizations,or dominate their meetings, and the answer is "not verymuch." The Dean's Office has previously had to warnthe student radicals on this score.Probably because of the doings of the previousevening the peace meeting was quite a success. Man-del hall was jammed and there was an overflow crowdof several hundred to hear faculty and student speakers.Prof. Winfred Garrison of the Divinity School, aschairman, struck the keynote when he described themeeting as patriotic, called to endorse America's renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy, asembodied in the Kellogg-Briand pact. The meeting wasfollowed by a parade of several hundred students aroundthe campus. There were several very minor disturbances, all created by exactly four students, who set off afew "stink bombs" in the corridor of Mandel hall whichdid not reach the meeting, threw a few eggs at the pa-raders and were quickly restrained, and sounded a loudsiren. This episode was converted in newspaper headlinesinto a student "riot." There is still a large questionas to whether the antics of the four students were spontaneous or inspired from outside the campus. One ofthe paraders, a member of the National Student League,carried a placard labelled "Young Communist League."This was photographed and printed in the newspapers.It happens that there is no "Young Communist League"recognized on the campus. Questioned about his placard,the young man blandly explained that, though his storymight sound preposterous, someone had put the sign inhis hands, and that he had been so busy keeping themarchers in line he hadn't noticed what it contained.This is a minor point, however. If there were a "YoungCommunist League" on the campus, it probably would berecognized upon application. The only requirement forrecognition by the Dean's Office (and there are 175recognized student organizations) is that the activitiesbe legal and in good taste, and the Communist partyis legal and on the ballot in Illinois.The Public Policy Association now appears to bedormant. Mr. Carroll carried his case to several otheroutside groups, including newspaper editors, but apparently not to any effect. He strikes us as an earnestand ambitious young man, already concerned about thegood name of the University despite his contact with itof only six months. No students were disciplined bythe University as a result of the activities mentionedabove. And our account of them is over-long becausetheir effect on the normal life of the University hasbeen negligible.* * *The Walgreen episode has no connection with theabove-mentioned events save that newspaper stories ofthe withdrawal of Mr. Walgreen's niece from the University happened to coincide in their timing with storiesof the field house rally and the peace parade, and add toTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 271the hubbub, plus the general fact that there is an anti-college-radicalism movement.Whatever may have been Mr. Walgreen's intentions, the fact remains that his niece, Miss LucilleNorton, a freshman from Seattle, discontinued to attendtwo courses and continued to attend one, which makes amuch less dramatic story. Since the announcement ofher "withdrawal," she has attended classes in music andgiven other evidences that she still regards herself as astudent. The courses which she has apparently discontinued attending are freshman English and the first-yearSocial Sciences general course, called "ContemporarySociety."Miss Norton came to Dean Brumbaugh's officeApril 2nd, the beginning of the Spring quarter, to askthat her registration be cancelled. She gave as a reasonher uncle's belief that communism was being taught inher classes. Dean Brumbaugh called Mr. Walgreen,invited him or his representative to attend the classes,and suggested an interview. Deans Scott and Brumbaugh and Prof. Kerwin met with Mr. Walgreen andtwo of his associates for a discussion on April 9th, andexplained the University's methods, but apparently nominds were changed. On April 10th Mr. Walgreenindited a letter to President Hutchins, with copies tothe members of the University's Board of Trustees,which read as follows:"With regret, I am having my niece, Miss LucilleNorton, discontinue her studies at the University ofChicago. I am unwilling to have her absorb the Communistic influences to which she is so insidiouslyexposed. Why one of our country's leading universities,sound and substantial in the majority of its teachingsand activities, with its fine opportunity for teachingand advancing a higher and finer standard of Americancitizenship, should permit even to a limited degree,seditious propaganda under the guise of academic freedom, is something I cannot understand."And — equally far from my understanding is — whydo good American citizens continue to support or eventolerate such a program?"Newspapers of April 11th and 12th played thestory conspicuously. The University's only commentwas that it had received a letter and replied to it. Mr.Walgreen was quoted in the Chicago Tribune of April12th as follows: "My action was not hasty and it wasnot based on allegations made in newspapers and magazines. ' It was the result of serious and, I believe,moderate thinking, after my niece had told me on manyoccasions about the new ideas she was acquiring. Whenit comes to communism, and the advocation of violencein overthrowing the government of our country, I amdead set against it. That she was learning such thingswas revealed to me in our frequent arguments on thesubject. Apparently she was also being taught thatcommunism was the only preventive of war, when asa matter of fact there are many preventives. I told herthat a country should guard against war as one doesagainst disease — by building up resistance. I believethat the universities should teach love of country, andpoint the way for students to correct the abuses in ourpresent form of government and economics, rather than their overthrow. By painting a colorful picture of aUtopia, some of our educators make our present systemseem very shoddy, but that is because students can seethe mistakes in the nearby reality, but fail to see theflaws in the Utopian system."Mr. Walgreen then saw fit to give his original letterto the press, and the University made public Mr.Hutchins' reply, which was : "The charges you make inyour letter of yesterday are, of course, extremelyserious. Since they are serious I am compelled to askyou to be more specific. Will you please give me theinstances of communistic propaganda by the faculty towhich your niece has been exposed?"Mr. Hutchins then made a brief but completeanswer to all such allegations in a statement requestedby the press. It read:"The University welcomes every opportunity tomake clear its position in regard to its methods of instruction and its course of study. The University isnot teaching communism. It is not advocating violentoverthrow of the government. It is not engaged inpropaganda of any sort. It does not attempt to indoctrinate students. It attempts the critical examinationof important problems and different points of view."I believe that freedom of inquiry, freedom ofspeech, and freedom of teaching are indispensable todemocracy. It is the duty of this University and ofall universities to insist on freedom in these respects.As long as they have it they are the true bulwark ofour form of government."Mr. Walgreen replied to President Hutchins' request for particulars by proposing an open meeting ofthe Board of Trustees the following week, at which hewould present his charges. He specified that "representatives of the press must be present," since it wouldbe a matter of public concern, and added that the meetingwould virtually amount to "the trial of a great University." The University's Board of Trustees has never,to our knowledge, had an open meeting. Replying tothis rather grandiose proposal, the University, in thewords of Tim{e, "refused to give him a field day," in thefollowing letter from Mr. Hutchins: "The Universityof Chicago for forty- three years has had a clear recordof public service and educational leadership. In viewof that record it sees no necessity of holding a publichearing when vague and unsupported charges are madeagainst it. The University will ignore your criticismuntil it receives the evidence it has asked for. If youwill supply this evidence the Board of Trustees willgive careful consideration to it."In an interview in the Daily News Mr. Walgreenwas quoted as saying: "I do not say that my niece hasbeen deliberately taught communistic ideas at the University of Chicago, but she certainly has been exposedto them. Youth is impressionable and prone to choosethe rosiest appearing course of action, and thus, it seems,communism has been depicted to the girl and her playmates."Selecting the most tangible allegation in the Tribune interview, Mr. Hutchins asked Mr. Walgreen tofurnish the name of the professors who have giveninstruction, that communism is the only preventive of272 THE- UNIVERSITY OFwar. Mr. Walgreen' s secretary called the President's office to say that Mr. Walgreen felt he had not made himself quite clear to the Tribune on this point. Beyond thatno more from Mr. Walgreen, save a little more newspaper comment in the same vein and a statement thathe would be glad to testify before a legislative investigation committee. One cannot help wondering why he didnot give his "evidence" to the newspapers.It occurred to someone to interview Miss Norton,and her statement, it seems to us, made the whole affairseem silly. "I cannot say," she said to the interviewer,"that I have felt any communistic influences operatingon me at the University. I perceived no undercurrentof propaganda in the lectures on economic and politicalsubjects, but my uncle believes that such propaganda isbeing administered." She also opined that the University is "one of the best places to learn about communism,if that is what one desires."The reaction of the University proper to the Walgreen charges has been, it seems to us, a model of restraint. Rejecting all suggestions for taking the offensive, the University limited its rejoinder to the issuanceof Mr. Hutchins' statement, printed above; release ofits share of the correspondence ; statements by five members of the faculty; and Mr. Hutchins' radio address,which was one of a series of weekly NBC broadcastsput on by the University and by the Parent-TeachersAssociation and not a special broadcast. Most vigorousof the faculty statements was that of Professor JamesH. Breasted, who said in part, ". . . In view of thesefacts we may call in question the wisdom and the senseof social responsibility revealed by a citizen whollyunacquainted with the history and character of a greatscientific and educational institution, who rushes intonewspaper print in an irresponsible attack on it. ..."There were many, of course, who pointed out thatMr. Walgreen could not have been unaware of thepublicity value of his maneuver. For ourselves, we arenot disposed to question that Mr. Walgreen is seriouslyconcerned about the social education of his niece andher "playmates." Our strictly personal opinion is thata man with a name already well-known, whose businessis dependent on large-scale retail contacts, does not profitby attacking an institution with a high reputation andmany friends, especially if he is unable to make hisattack stand up. It should be pointed out here that Mr.Walgreen contributed toward the expenses of ProfessorRomer's South African expedition some five years ago.Perfectly certain of the soundness of its own position, the University community has been interested inthe affair chiefly, and rather objectively, as a matter ofthe tactics on both sides. Seldom has there been sucha rallying of its friends to its side. Of some 200 lettersreceived by the President's Office, at least 90% acclaimed the University's position. Editorial commentthrough the nation, with the exception of that in theHearst press, was generally favorable to the University.Of many letters sent to newspapers defending the University, one from Edwin R. Embree, president of theRosenwald Fund, may be quoted: "It is my opinionthat the University of Chicago is at least the secondmost distinguished center of scholarship and science on CHICAGO MAGAZINEthe American continent. The people of Chicago possibly do not fully realize the world distinction of theuniversity in their midst. . . . Thoughtless citizens,however rich and influential, bring no credit on themselves or their city when they try to establish a censorship on the intellectual freedom of an institution whichis of service to the whole world of science and learningas is the University of Chicago." A group of prominentseniors addressed an open letter of protest to Mr.Walgreen.The Daily Maroon after a preliminary wave of indignation, had considerable fun playing with the appellations "Uncle Charlie" and "The Drugstore Cowboy";offered a silver loving cup to Mr. Walgreen if he couldpass the freshman social sciences examination; interviewed Dr. William A. Wirt, the Gary educator whosecharges of communism in the national administrationcaused a furor last year, and found that Dr. Wirt'sdaughter, a senior in sociology at the University, hadapparently not been exposed to communism1 at theMidway ; reported that Moscow had finally approved thesenior class carnival, and that Mr. Walgreen was receiving support as a candidate for "Queen" of thecarnival; exposed a would-be reporter who tried tomove into International House to "get the dirt." TheChicago Alumni Club advertised its Spring Rally as a"Red Hunt," with pictures of Jimmy Twohig, retiredathletic groundskeeper, leading the hunt with a bloodhound. The Blackfriars have plans.Interestingly enough, there were no other "withdrawals" from the University, despite the fact that thiswould have made a nice follow-story and that onenewspaper and one press service had referred to thepossibility of an "exodus." Applications for admissionto next year's freshman class are 13% ahead of thoseat the same date last year.The Walgreen story was "big news" for variousreasons. One reason is that there have always beenrumors about "advanced" ideas being taught at theUniversity, of the sort we discussed in the Februaryissue of the MAGAZINE. Another is that the University of Chicago and Mr. Walgreen are big names,the former for its achievements in scholarship, the latterbecause of his large chain of stores and his heavyadvertising program. Another is that an attack of thissort, in its very nature, makes good "copy," better"copy" than the defense of a principle. Another isthat there is a national anti-Red movement. Anotheris that four of Chicago's five metropolitan dailies areanti-New Deal, and three of them are strongly anti-radical.Most of the expressions bandied about, such as"subversive propaganda," "insidious influences," "seditious radicalism," "disloyalty to American ideals;" becomemeaningless when applied to the facts, and lose theirsting under amplification and definition. One ColonelHadley of the "Paul Reveres," commenting on theWalgreen episode, pointed out that the "radicalism" ofthe New Deal was born in the colleges. Withoutarguing the merits of this contention, it may be askedif Col. Hadley would not like to see the colleges indoctrinate students in the glories of the Republican party.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 273Opponents of the University's viewpoint use the trickknown to scholars of propaganda as "appropriating theemotionally-loaded symbols." Thus with regard toterms like "patriotism," and "Americanism," our feelingis that University people could develop a more validdefinition of these terms than their opponents, and showa better record of loyalty to them. The position of Mr.Walgreen can be reduced to that of a recent editorial ina Tulsa paper, which in a whole page developed thetheme of what amounted to following syllogism: Universities are dedicated to the Truth; America is theGreat Truth; Universities should teach Americanism.There is no definition of Americanism given whichwould stand up under analysis, no recognition of thecritical function of a university.The University's position, as we see it, is about asfollows. The University should not and does not indoctrinate students with anything, but examines importantproblems and different points of view. Academic freedom is just as vital to the continuance of democracy asfreedom of speech and freedom of the press. It happensthat there are no communists on the faculty, that thereare hundreds of conservatives, and perhaps half a dozenwho might be described as "radicals"; the latter do notargue their personal views in the classroom, but areentitled, as are other citizens, to discuss their ideas outside the classroom. No member of the faculty believesin "overthrow of the government by violence," or inany other violence, save perhaps, a hard tackle by JayBerwanger. The extent of radicalism of the "radical"professors, is in our opinion, their personal belief thatthe government ought to have a larger role in the regulation or ownership of business, that there should begreater international cooperation, that income andinheritance taxes might be more steeply graduated, thatdissenters with the existing order have a right to beheard, that men are more nearly equal than their socialand economic status would indicate and the underprivileged should be given a better "break." The Universityreserves the right to discuss social systems impartially;but nine-tenths of its effort in the social sciences naturally is devoted to the study of American institutionsand American problems. It believes that students ofcollege age, especially at the University of Chicago,are old enough for realistic discussions.Mr. Walgreen, we understand, objected to a fewpages out of the voluminous syllabi of the Social Sciences and English freshman courses. Under theChicago plan the freshman English course is integratedwith the other first-year courses, and theme materialis drawn from them. The Social Sciences course, whichis built around a study of the impact of the IndustrialRevolution upon society, has three lecture periods (Nos.17, 18, 19) devoted to the topic, "Reliance on FreePrivate Enterprise and the Profit Motive." Listedamong the "indispensable reading" assignments for thistopic are sections from Herbert Hoover's "AmericanIndividualism." Listed last among fourteen "optional"readings is M. Din's "New Russia's Primer." Alsoamong the "optional" readings are writings of FranklinRoosevelt, Sir Arthur Salter, John Maynard Keynes,Hartley Withers (The Case for Capitalism) and J. T. Adams (Our Business Civilization). There are hundreds ot reading references in the economics sectionof the syllabus, ranging from John Stuart Mill, JeremyBentham and Adam Smith to Adolph Hitler.In the Spring quarter syllabus for Freshmen English, which gives large attention to the writing ofcriticism and the writing of examinations, assignments21 D and 21B involve writing a criticism of a page ofquotations from "New Russia's Primer." The purpose,as in other assignments of that stage of the course, is tohave the students point out inaccuracies and inadequacies. As Professor Edith Foster Flint, who is incharge of the freshman English program, points out, itcan be shown that there are false assumptions in thequotations, and that their form is rather rigid andmonotonous, although concrete. Mr. Walgreen appearsto regard the inclusion of these quotations as an exampleof insidious propagandizing. Other quotations for criticism in Exercise 21 are taken from Walter Lippman,Henry Seidel Canby, John Masefield, Rexford Tugwell,and H. H. Van Loon. Throughout the year-long coursethere are hundreds of short assignments based on material from all of the freshman survey courses, thePhysical Sciences, Biological Sciences and Humanitiesas well as the Social Sciences.On the heels of Mr. Walgreen's withdrawal of hisniece State Senator Charles Baker of Monroe Centerintroduced a resolution in the Illinois Senate calling foran investigation of "subversive communistic propaganda" in institutions of the state. With an amendmentcalling for an investigation of racial discrimination as^well, the resolution was passed. At this writing theinvestigating committee, consisting of Senators Graham,Barbour, Baker, Fribley and Hickman, is making itsplans. The University welcomes the investigation.Fairly and fully conducted and reported, it cannot failto add to an understanding of the purpose of a university and to the reputation of the University of Chicago.More later.Faculty Members SpeakFour distinguished members of the Universityfaculty, Professors Breasted, Merriam, Compton andVice-President Frederic Woodward, have commentedon the Walgreen episode. Professor James H.Breasted :"I have spent over forty years at the University ofChicago and am therefore possibly in as good a positionto know something of the views of its faculties as anoutside Chicago citizen who has gained his informationfrom casual breakfast-table conversations with a veryjuvenile undergraduate relative. I have yet to meetany instructor in the University of Chicago who advocates the overthrow of our present form of government."On the contrary, the history of the University hasbeen one of loyal and distinguished service to the government. That is true now in the midst of the presentdepression, and was even more true during the WorldWar, when University of Chicago scientists of international reputation like Michelson and Millikan and manyothers, were engaged in war duty in defense of ourgovernment. Nor should it be forgotten that the present274 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEpresident of the University was decorated by theItalian Government for bravery under fire."The University of Chicago is a foundation anda creation of broadminded citizens of Chicago. To theenlightened generosity of Chicago business men theUniversity owes more support than to any other source.It is therefore distinctly a Chicago institution. It is anasset of priceless value not only to Chicago, the Mississippi Valley and the nation, but also to the wholeworld."I have lived much among foreign men of science,and I have everywhere found them even anxious to letme know that they recognized the creative work of theUniversity of Chicago scientists as an enduring monument to the greatness of Chicago itself. Such is theestimation in which Chicago's university is held abroad.Its influence at home has transformed education inthe Mississippi Valley and in no small degree hasaffected the teaching personnel, not only throughout theMississippi Valley but even throughout the nation aswell."In view of these facts we may call in question thewisdom and the sense of social responsibility revealedby a citizen wholly unacquainted with the history andcharacter of a great scientific and educational institution, who rushes into newspaper print in an irresponsible attack on it, as if wholly unaware that it isessentially a possession of the city of Chicago which heis assailing. The author of this attack can hardly beunaware of the publicity value of his premature andregrettable use of the daily press. Nor is it likely thathis own publicity agents are unacquainted with thebusiness value of this inexpensive form of advertising."The universities of a nation are more than centersof enlightenment. They should be the very culminationof the national genius. The men who are striving toguide them and make them such are confronted by analmost impossible task in times like these. We live inthe midst of dangerous tendencies and dangerous men.At the hands of our Huey Longs and our Father Cough-lins our inherited institutions are indeed in danger. Itmay be a fair question to ask whether the author ofsuch a destructive public attack as he has made on theUniversity of Chicago has disclosed such a completelack of any sense of social responsibility, that by hisown act he has classified himself among the dangerousmen of our time — perhaps more dangerous than thecommunistic theories which, like all forms of government, are studied but not advocated at the University ofChicago."Mr. Woodward's statement was as follows :"As a citizen who is in a position to know thefacts, and not merely as- an officer of the University,I deeply resent the charge that the faculty of the University of Chicago is teaching communism or that thestudents are dangerously exposed to communistic influences."I have been on the staff for nearly twenty years,and perhaps there is no one who is better acquaintedwith the faculty than I am. I have never known amember of the faculty who taught, advocated, or be lieved in the overthrow of the government by force."Anyone who thinks we are teaching communism,or fascism, or any other 'ism,' completely fails tounderstand the spirit of the University. We naturallydevote far more attention to the study of Americaninstitutions that we do to any others. We study alsoboth communism and fascism, but we study them justas we study Einstein's theories, with as much criticalobjectivity as possible."We encourage the student to read the best litera-ture on both sides of all important questions, and we tryto teach him to think straight and to think thingsthrough. We believe that this is the way to makehim a good citizen."I, for one, have such confidence in the democratictheory of government that I am not afraid to have itcompared with monarchism, fascism, or communism.And I am confident that the University, far fromexposing the student to communistic influence, exposeshim to the influence of fair-minded and intelligent inquiry in every field of study. This is precisely what auniversity is for."Professor Merriam's statement was as follows:"After thirty-five years of continuous service in theUniversity of Chicago's department of political scienceperhaps I may be permited to comment on the chargesthat the University's work tends to be subversive, seditious, and unpatriotic. During that time scores of ourstudents and graduates have gone out to take importantpositions in industry, in universities, in government. Mycolleagues have made many contributions to the studyof government which have received generous recognitionthroughout the land. They have advised and assistedgovernments and industries and labor. During the latewar they did their parts on many fronts."During all these years I have differed with manypersons on many questions of policy, but have yet tofind any responsible person who challenged our devotion to the development of American democracy."From thirty-five years of wide experience andobservation, I know that the University of Chicago is amighty center of civic training and of social, governmental and economic research."I do not care to question the motives of anycritics of our institution, but I know that they are notfully informed and that when they do understand whatwe are really doing, looking at our work as a whole,they will agree with us."Since charges that recently have been made arenot specific for all I know they may refer to me. Inmy thirty-five years at the University, I have beenbusy with teaching and research. In addition, duringthe last few years, I served on President Hoover'sCommittee on Social Trends; on the national commission on Better Government Personnel; and am now amember of President Roosevelt's National ResourcesBoard. Further, I have done my best to aid in theupbuilding of the government of Chicago — lately as amember of Mayor Kelly's Advisory Committee, as amember of the Board of Education Committtee on CivicEducation in Chicago, and have given special attention(Continued on Page 277)THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 275A DIFFERING OPINIONEditor, University of ChicagoMagazine.Dear Sir :I have just read John P. Howe's"News of the Quadrangles," in theFebruary issue of the magazine, withconsiderable interest.I would like to call attention to onepart of it and ask Asst. Prof. Simonsfrom what grounds he concludes thatthe depression may have resultedfrom lack of competition rather thantoo much of it, and that "the government's chief function in the sphereof business should be the enforcement of competition, and not regulation of prices, wages, or production."It is not my intention to go intothe causes of the depression, but instead would present a view, opposedto that of Prof. Simons, of the remedy for it as affecting one of our largest industries. I refer to the oil industry, with which I happen to beassociated, and consequently aboutwhich I know more than I do aboutother industries.No one familiar in any degree withthis industry can deny that there wasunlimited competition prior to theadoption of the government's oilcode. What was the result of thisunfettered competition ? Unlimitedproduction with its consequent pricewars.In this state (California) theseprice wars were chiefly inauguratedby the independent producers. Theseindependents would flow their wellswide open and dump their productsupon the market at any price theycould get. These independents notonly had a smaller overhead as faras office and advertising expenses go,but also, almost without exception,paid wages in their drilling and producing operations which were considerably below the scale prevailing withthe major companies.The prices of crude were shatteredin consequence, and as a natural resultant the price of gasoline fell toas low as five and six cents a gallon. And in spite of these low prices,considerably more oil was producedthan could be consumed. As if thiswere not enough, there was a dump-i ing of foreign oil upon the market.. This foreign oil was very cheaply' produced, the natives employed in its, production often receiving a wage of* fifty cents a day. In order to compete with this foreign oil, if its importation were not restricted, theAmerican worker would have to work for a similar wage, which inthis country would not be a livingone.These conditions finally caused curtailed operations in the industry withthe resultant layoff of thousands ofemployees. The wages of the remaining workers were cut sharply.The independents, as a group, continued to produce more oil from theirwells proportionately than did themajors who, with their greater overhead, could not produce with a profitas long as could the small operators.This, then, is the picture under theunlimited competition which Prof.Simons evidently sponsors. The professor might say that if the smallproducers could make a profit theothers ought to reduce their overheadaccordingly, and the public get theadvantage of the low prices of petroleum products.The petroleum industry is one ofthe largest industries in the state.The thousands of workers who werelaid off were not able to buy muchgasoline, even at five cents a gallon,nor indeed could they buy many ofthe products of other industries.Those workers who remained on thepayroll had greatly reduced buyingpower. Do these things make forprosperity ?The oil industry was one of thevery few which asked the federalgovernment for a czar. They got one.What is the result of governmentregulation of the industry? Todayalmost all the companies are operating in the black. Imports have beenrestricted. Furthermore, producersare not allowed to flow their flushwells at the rate of several thousandbarrels per day each, but are requiredto produce part of their allowablefrom those small producing wellswhich are on the pump. This condition not only makes for more employment, but by producing thesesmall pumpers more petroleum is obtained from them than would be possible if they were shut in for a longperiod and subsequently opened up.Thus, a portion of our natural resources is obtained that would otherwise be lost.There are many more men employed in producing operations thanthere were two years, or even a yearago. Furthermore, the wages areconsiderably higher. Under the code,the minimum wage in this state is 52cents an hour. Each worker engagedin producing operations is allowed to work 36 hours per week. It must beborn in mind that this minimum isby no means the average wage. Infact, very few of those steadily employed earn a wage that low. Theaverage wage is considerably in excess of that figure. It naturally follows that the purchasing power ofthe workers is much increased.The price of crude is fixed. It istrue that there is some oil producedin excess of the allowable, but notvery much, not enough to break theprice of crude. And if the government is given a freer hand by thecourts this excess will be reduced. Itis also true that last spring there wasa gasoline war, but during this theprice level did not sink to anythingat all approaching its all time low.However, this gas war is significantin that it was the first of its kind inwhich the price of crude did notbreak.In view of the above, I challengeProf. Simons to show cause whygovernment regulation has not beendecidedly beneficial to this industry,which, after all, is one of the largest in our country.Yours very truly,R. F. Rummel, '29.BY WAY OF REPLYDear Beck:Mr. Rummers letter is interestingindeed. Wth most of his argumentsI would disagree entirely; but thepamphlet itself is my best reply.Incidentally, the production ofcrude oil — but not refining — is oneof the rare cases where I readilyconcede the limitations of competitioncontrols — for reasons different fromthose advanced by Mr. Rummel,however. The competition of different producers exploiting the samepool is conducive to excessively rapidextraction and to serious socialwastes. If one producer doesn't getthe oil, his neighbor will; and competition on this level is chaotic. Thusa good case can be made for government control of crude oil production— perhaps through acquisition by thestates of all rights as to oil. Givenstate ownership, pools might be exploited systematically and economically under some contract or licensingsystem.In refining, much of the troublearises from the fact that the industry is not competitive. Here one findsthe worst sort of partial monopoly —with competition neither suppressednor free enough to control.But enough of this —H. C. Simons.ATHLETIC NEWS• By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN, '20Scores of the MonthBaseballChicago, 13; Lake Forest, 2Chicago, 8; North Central, 3Chicago, 14; Lake Forest, 2Chicago, 4; North Central, 1Chicago, 6; Notre Dame, 12Chicago, 12; Armour, 1Chicago, 14; Purdue, 5Chicago, 1; Purdue, 3TennisChicago, 3; Western State, 6Chicago, 5; Illinois, 1Chicago, 5; Michigan State, 1TrackChicago, 72%) North Central, 58%GolfChicago, 14; Armour, 4Chicago, 1^ ; Notre Dame, 16 J^Spring football practice is virtually completed, andbefore this issue of the Magazine appears those localalumni who take a serious interest in that sport will haveappraised the squad in the annual game which is stagedfor their benefit. On the whole, Coach Shaughnessygives the impression of satisfaction with what has beenachieved. Mr. Shaughnessy, however, is a footballcoach and a football coach by definition is an individualwho is never fully content. For purposes of a quicksurvey, it might be said that the Maroon first team isbig and experienced, but that the power falls off sharplywhen the second team is called upon for replacements.As it lines up now, and probably will start againstNebraska next autumn — barring possible ineligibilities —the team has Perretz and Nyquist, ends ; Wright andBush, tackles; Jordan and Meigs, guards; Whiteside,center; Wells, quarterback; Berwanger and Bartlett,halfbacks, and Skoning, fullback. Mr. Shaughnessythinks that Perretz and Nyquist will do good work atend, and he exhibits no fears about the play of Whiteside as center. Jordan has been assigned the duty ofbacking up the line on defense, a brisk spot on top of hisexhausting obligations as running guard. Skoning hasimproved over last autumn, and promises to be a hardhitting fullback.The second team has Gordon Peterson and Gillerlain at ends; Sappington and Hoyt at tackles; Antonicand Jankowski, guards ; Jones and Albert, centers ; Lehnhardt, quarterback; Schuessler and Whitney, halfbacks,and Balfanz, fullback. Kellogg is used also at half andquarter. Peterson should be a first class end this season ;Sappington will give Wright a continuing battle for thetackle position. Antonic, who comes from East Chicago,and Lehnhardt, a Chicagoan, are the two outstandingfreshmen; both are good enough for regular positions. Impending comprehensive examinations cut downthe attendance during the spring quarter, for Shaughnessy preferred to excuse the men rather than take achance on their eligibility. The first team group has hadabout eighteen workouts together; the second team hashad a few more. This is a minimum amount of practice in the Big Ten; Ohio State, for example, had fiveweeks during the winter and will get in eleven moreweeks this spring, while Minnesota and Illinois have hadforty practice sessions. Mr. Shaughnessy and AssistantCoach Otto Strohmeier have worked with the linemenas much as possible, and the squad has been given most ofthe plays it will use in the autumn. Practice this fallstarts on September 9, a date which will give time toperfect the team before the Nebraska game on September 28.The baseball team so far has won six of its eightcollege games, but it split its Big Ten opening double-header with Purdue and lost to Notre Dame in the threemost important games. Coach Kyle Anderson has foundthat his catchers, who earlier seemed to be adequate,are most uncertain individuals. Four errors by a catchercost the second Purdue game, and the opposing teamsteals bases with impunity all the time. Everyone onthe squad is being tried out in an effort to plug this holebefore the rest of the conference games are played.Anderson has the best outfield in the Big Ten, andwith Bill Haarlow on first base, he has one of thestrongest infields. Two seniors, Captain Ralph Wehling and David Levin, and a sophomore, Harry Nacey,can cover the outfield territory in smarter style than isusual on college teams, and all three are hitters. Haarlowfields everything that comes his way at first base, and isdriving the ball hard as the cleanup man. Edwin Tyk,second baseman, has been hitting well, particularly withmen on base; Richard Cochran, shortstop, is a steadyfielder and a fair hitter. Anton Kruzic, hitting around.400 and steady fielder, takes care of third base.Connor Laird and Harry Yedor have done excellentpitching this spring, the former allowing an average ofAT/2 hits per game in three college starts, including afour-hit performance against Purdue, while Yedor hasallowed an average of six hits. Haarlow will see someservice as a relief pitcher in the heaviest part of theschedule, with Elmer Nessler, who is useful also as alefthanded relief hurler, as his substitute. In its firstsix games the team's batting average was .356, indicativeof real offensive power. It is worth noting that of thefifty-three men who were on Coach Anderson's squadlist, all were eligible.The tennis team has played three matches, with Captain Trevor Weiss as No. 1 ; Ell Patterson, No. 2 ; Nor-bert Burgess, No. 3; Herbert Mertz, No. 4; MichaelDuhl, No. 5 ; Walter Hamberger, No. 6. The slow recovery of Norman Bickel has virtually wrecked theteam's prospects. The Big Ten has the best group of276THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 277tennis players in years, and Bickel, figured as the No. 2man, is badly needed by the Maroon squad. WesternState, undefeated in the last two seasons, won the firstmatch, defeating the top ranking Chicago players. ButWestern State tied Northwestern the next day, so thatdefeat was no disgrace. The Maroon players playedunexpectedly strong tennis against Illinois, Weiss defeating Nelson Mclnich, the Illini star, to set the pace forhis teammates. The probability of Chicago winning inthe Big Ten championships this year is slight, even ifBickel is able to reach his top game.Ned Merriam had no men good enough to enter inthe Drake or Penn relays, and the Chicago track squadinstead met North Central in a dual meet. Jay Berwanger, who has been doing some casual work in track,won the shot, javelin, and discus with performances of43 feet, 4 inches; 160 feet, 9 inches, and 127 feet, 6inches, respectively. Co-captain Harold Block's timeof 0 :22.2 against a strong wind in the 220 was the mostnotable accomplishment of the day.Announced just before the Magazine went to presslast month, the appointment of A. A. Stagg, Jr. as athleticdirector and football coach of Susquehanna Universitywas carried in the notes. The departure of the last of theStaggs from the Midway leaves few of the old guardremaining. "Lonnie" has been a member of the athleticstaff since 1923, and he starts out with the very realadvantage of an intensive course of instruction underhis famous father, who knew about all there was to knowof football. Both from that tutelage and from his ownexperience as scout and assistant coach, the junior Stagglikewise knows football. He has had a wide experiencein athletic administration as well. In the last five yearshe has been tennis coach, and his teams have won threesingles championships and four doubles titles, as well aswinning once and tying once in the two years that therehave been team titles in the annual tournament of theBig Ten. As an undergraduate, he was a member of thefootball squad, and captain of the tennis team, winningthe doubles championship in 1923 with Arthur Frankenstein as a partner. Few young coaches have had hisbroad experience; now that he is out on his own thatcareful apprenticeship should make him unusually effective. An asset likewise to Susquehanna, or to any institution he may serve, is the uncompromising Staggtrademark of integrity and sportsmanship.News of the Quadranglesv (Continued from Page 274)to constructive work on the government of the metropolitan region of Chicago."In the last five years we at the University havebeen instrumental in bringing across the street from theUniversity the Public Administration Clearing Houseunder the direction of Louis Brownlow, and some seventeen other important organizations of responsiblegoverning officials. We have helped establish here thegreatest center of practical governmental experience andservice in America."Dr. Compton said : "It is of vital importance to thenation that there shall be centers where all kinds ofsuggestions for the betterment of society shall be dis cussed freely on the basis of their merits. It is uponits universities that the nation must rely for analysisof these problems. If the valuable features as well asshortcomings of such proposals as socialism and communism were not thus objectively discussed by thosecompetent to judge their merits, it would mean that thenation would remain confined to outworn dogmas or becontrolled by new demagogues."The only adequate way of combatting irresponsible communistic propaganda is to inform students of thesocial sciences regarding the arguments both pro andcon. Thus if in a university, radical viewpoints werenot discussed, it would mean that such a universitywas intellectually stagnant. It is only natural that intimes of political turmoil the discussion of such problems will be unusually active. The University of Chicago has in my opinion been very fortunate in maintaining a well informed and well balanced group of menon its faculty to guide its students' thinking in thesocial studies."Social Planning(Continued from Page 261)realistic description and interpretation of human lifefor the prevailing sentimental stereotypes.America again in the twentieth century, as in theeighteenth, one hundred and fifty years ago, has the opportunity under new conditions of life to work out ademocratic solution of the crucial problems which nowface all the nations of the world. We are favored withabundant natural resources. We have reached an unparalleled technological development. Our national temperament and character are favorable to a democratic solution of our economic and human problems. To thesuccessful accomplishment of this task the services of allthe social sciences, history, sociology and education, aswell as economics and political science, may well bededicated.War in the Far East(Continued from Page 253)of Americans about the Far East. That is all that oughtto concern Americans about the Far East. It does concern them. It concerns them vitally. Enough to warranta little hard thinking about where America is going, andperhaps a little reading of history. I don't know ofwhom both can be asked more legitimately than thosewho have college degrees. . . It occurs to me that thelast sentence is rather silly, that I do not believe it andthat I was just making a pat peroration. Of course, Iknow that there is no more reason to expect either thinking of reading of college graduates than of barbers —certainly not the college men of my age. Of course Iknow that there is no ground for assuming that if theydid read and think they would be more rational in theiractions than if they did not. One touch of mass emotion, and philosophers respond to mass stimuli in muchthe same way as peasants, do they not? But as I saidbefore, I suppose one must assume something about theplace of reason, even in a time as senseless as our own.Or why write anything at all? . . But I was asked towrite.278 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEA PEEK ATYOUR PLEASURECruising— the Panama Pacific way—is a delight from sailing day on!A summer sun smiles as youfrolic or relax on broad decks. Saltwater pools invite you to swim. Delicious meals are enhanced by air-cooled dining salons (an exclusivefeature) . Spacious cabins — all outside. Pre-release talkies. Dancing.FIRSTCLASSEn route, visit Havana. Then by daythrough Panama Canal, with hoursashore at Balboa and old Panama.San Diego— the gateway to Mexico—is next, followed by Los Angelesand the greatest of all thrills-San Francisco's Golden Gate!13 glorious days coast to coast—or as many more as you desire.Stopovers granted at all ports. Reduced First Class fare — $185.Tourist Cabin $120. Round tripsfor a fare and a half.NEW! Mammoth S. S. COLUMBIA(39,935 tons) now cruises to Mexico andWest Indies. 5 ports. 21 days. $200 up. FromNew York June 8; from Norfolk June 9.PANAMA PACIFICLI Ik ¦ £ Associated with American Merchant,I 1^1 C Baltimore Mail and United StatesLines to Europe ; Panama Pacific and United States LinesCruises. Main Office : No. 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. NEWS OF THE CLASSESCOLLEGE1898Mary A. Long has been statechairman of International Relationsof the Missouri Federation ofWomen's Clubs for nine years. Sheteaches at the John Marshall HighSchool in St. Louis, Mo.1899Grace A. Coulter was elected tothe Presidency of the Eleanor Association on April 4, 1935.Anna Peterson is a teacher atthe Hughes High School in Cincinnati, Ohio.Harry R. Wolcott of 2127Lunt Ave., Chicago, has been medicaltranslator for the American MedicalJournal for the past fifteen years.1902Bertha Ward is engaged as ateacher in Cincinnati, Ohio, at theHughes High School.1907Harlan J. Ballentine, U. S.Army Chaplain, has been transferredfrom Honolulu to Fort Lewis, Wash.Margaret E. Burton is studyinginternational law at Columbia Univ.Eva M. Jessup is head of the commercial department in the FranklinHigh School, Los Angeles, California. Next summer she is to teachat the University of Utah at SaltLake City. j^q^Persis Smallwood (Mrs. WilliamCrocker), active in her local gardenclub, is Corresponding Secretary andAsst. Editor of the Yearbook for theFederated Garden Clubs of NewYork State. i0i/\Winston P. Henry for nine yearshas been President of the Putnam OilCo., Houston, Tex.1912Ida Dyer, ex, is teaching at theHughes High School in Cincinnati,Ohio. 1918Thomas G. Cassidy, ex, is in thesecurity business with McGowen,Cassady and White, 135 South LaSalle St., Chicago.Willard N. Clute, ex, Professorof Botany at Butler College, Indianapolis, writes that he has been electedan honorary member of the American Fern Society.1919Frank Breckinridge continueshis serious study of proper securityselections for his investment councilclients. 1 920Karl Hultenschmidt, ex, can bereached in care of the Rumley Hotelin LaPorte, Ind.Earl A. Miller is an accountantat Rockford, 111.1921Robert K. Newhall may befound keenly observing Sterling,Franc, and Belga gyrations in theForeign Exchange Department of theFirst National Bank of Chicago.1922Frederick Helmholtz lives at2331 E. 70th PL, Chicago, married toGertrude Sarr in 1929; he has oneson, Frederick A., Jr., age four.Laura R. Thomure, AM'29, isteacher and head assistant at CentralHigh, St. Louis, Mo.1924Keith Capron indulged himself ina fine rest at Billings recently andfeels much rejuvenated since nothingcould be found responsible for histaking the Tribune so seriously.1926Eleanor Petersen is HomeEcomomist with the Central IllinoisPublic Service Co., of Springfield,111. |928Henry Paulman recently graduated from the Paul Davis Companyto become treasurer's assistant at theLink Belt Company in Chicago.How Smart Is a College Graduate?If you have not already taken the test in thelittle motor-travel quiz booklet sent you recently,please do so and mail back the enclosed cardtoday.We are anxious for Chicago Graduates to makea good showing on the return cards which will bemailed to The Graduate Group, our national advertising representatives in New York.Every Chicago alumnus who fills out and mailsback this card will be rendering a distinctive service of value to the University of Chicago Magazine.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 2791929Virginia Caroline Reilly reports that she is in New York City,pursuing the career of an actress.Elizabeth Cowen (Mrs. JosephDavis) reports that she has a sonand daughter, Joseph, age 5, Mirrel,age nine months. She is living inChicago, at 1047 Hyde Park Boul.1930John Menzies has just started towork with the Coca Cola Companytouring the Northwest for preliminary training.Maxwell Mason is engaged as anarchitect, in Cleveland, Ohio.Kenneth B. Alwood is with theGarrick theatre of Chicago.1931William M. Kincheloe is thepower behind the advertisements ofthe Jewell Tea Company.Wilbur R. Pond is an optometrist, with offices at Marshall Field's,Chicago.F. L. Bouquet is professor ofChurch History at Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Omaha.Donald Curless is a special representative of the Wahl Company, atBronxville, N. YByrdie Reece is manager of thecafeteria of the Larabee Street Y. M.C. A., Chicago.Willard R. Sprowls is a research chemist at the duPont Experimental Station at Henry Clay, Dela.1932Robert E. Asher is junior research statistician for the F.E.R.A.,at Washington.Stillman Frankland is with theAccounting Division of the CornProducts Refining Co., of New YorkCity.Paul F. Coe has been writing forthe New York University Journal ofRetailing, which published an articleby him on The Contingent SalesForce: A Problem in Store Management, in the January issue. Mr.Coe is living in Washington, D. C.1932Cornelia MacClintock spent thesummer at the Student Conferenceon International Relations at Tokyo,as delegate from the University ofChicago.Sarah Moment is Director of Social Service in the New Jersey Orthopaedic Hospital in Orange, N. J.Claudia Dorland is teachingFrench and Latin at the Sandwich,111., High School.Mary S. Waller is head of theModern Language Department at theNorth Shore Country Day School,Winnetka, 111.Gilbert F. White, SM'34, isworking for the National ResourcesBoard at Washington, D. C. Julie Grenier is a social workerwith the Associated Charities ofWorcester, Mass.Ray Vane and his recently acquired wife, Marjorie Cahill, '31,are living in Los Angeles, Calif. (326South Fourth Street, Alhambra.)Frank E. Egler is continuing hisstudies under Dr. G. E. Nichols atYale University ; for the coming yearhe has an assistantship in botany atthe University of Minnesota.Robert E. Walsh is currentlysearching among the local shippers,in the interest of the Illinois Central,for trainloads of freight.1933Roland F. Scott is with the SimLife Assurance Co. of Canada; hishome is in Winter Park, Fla.Lily V. Maddux is teaching atNew Athens, 111.1934George Mahoney is in the salesdivision of Bird and Son, Inc., Chicago.Ruby May Schuyler is the recipient of the Alice Putnam Kindergarten Primary Scholarship, and willwork for her Master's degree in theGraduate School of Education at theUniversity of Chicago this year.DOCTOR OFPHILOSOPHY1902Katherine Dopp, formerly an instructor at the University of Chicago,has published a series of readers forchildren planned to appeal to thechild's sense of humor as well asarouse his interest in the world abouthim. The readers are Little Friends,a pre-primer ; Little Friends atSchool, primer, Busy Days with Little Friends, first reader ; Outdoorsand In, second reader ; and Now andLong Ago, third reader.1904M. A. Chrysler, of Rutgers University, is editor of the Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club.W. J. G. Land, '03, ProfessorEmeritus of Botany, and Mrs. Landwere in Brownsville, Texas, this winter.Charles H. Gray has just returned from a five months trip roundthe world, and is engaged in travelreading and travel writing. He retired in 1930 from active work atTufts College, and now makes hishome at Rahway, N. J.1905John R. Slater, DB'98, is spending his sabbatical semester in Europe. He is located at the University of Rochester when not travellingabout in this desirable way. SOCIETYfollows the smart trailin overseas travelENJOYING a life of complete ease. Reveling in supreme American luxury — trueAmerican surroundings. Actually livingAmerican — even while (miles at sea.Such is sailing American on the sensations of the sea... the delightful liners Washington and Manhattan . . . swiftest cabinliners in the world. Aboard them you discover the distinctive pleasure of Americanstandards— a sense of luxury -plus. In theappetizing atmosphere of air-conditioneddining salons, delectable food and rare oldwines . . . discerning American service. Cabins. . . spacious and comfortable. Decks . . . broad,long and completely enjoyable. Public roomsthat are works of magnificent art.Everything, in fact, about these modernAmerican liners boasts breeding and a verydefinite quality of fine living... in the traditional . . . incomparable ... American manner.You are at home when you sail American.Yet traveling this new way is a wonderful adventure. Sail American ...see for yourselfwhythe Washington and Manhattanare the smartships to Ireland, England,!' ranee and Germany.THIS LUXURIOUSwith private shower*toilet, costs only STATEROOM176EACH FOR TWOBritish PortsRound trip, S325.60SAILINGS WEEKLYNote that four great United States liners provide weeklysailings to Cobh, Plymouth, Havre and Hamburg.Fattest Cabin Liners AfloatS. S. WASHINGTONMay 8, June 5, July 3S. S. MANHATTANMay 22, June 19, July 17And the very popularS. S. PRESIDENT HARDINGMay 1, May 29, June 26S. S. PRESIDENT ROOSEVELTMay 15, June 12, July 10Rates slightly higher June lOjto July 3UNITED STATES LINESAssociated with American Merchant and Baltimore MailService to Europe ; Panama Pacific Line to California ;Cruises. No. 1 Broadway, New York.280 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESCHOOL INFORMATIONBoard inc schoolsFree Catalogs of ALL. in TJ. S. Prices.ratings,, etc. Inspector's adviee. Alsosmall COLLEGES and Junior Colleges.Only office maintained by the schools.American Schools Assn., 27th year, 921Marshall Field Annex, 24 N. Wabash.Central 6646, Chicago.V. C. Beebe, U. of C. '05, Pres.Camps - In formationKey To SuccessKM COMPLETE BUSINESS COURSE^J Training you can sell! A school noted for its famous *WTILI graduates. Choice of alert young people intent| on LEADERSHIP. Write or Phone Ran. 1575.J 18 S. MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO^E. A. BOOS SCHOOLFor Mentally and PhysicallyHandicapped Persons — All AgesBoarding and Day SchoolTo Limited NumberFree ConsultationInformation Sent on RequestReasonable Rates5740 W. 22nd Place, Cicero, III.Mac Cormac School ofBusinessDA>1 1 70 E. CommerceAdministration and SecretarialTraining' AND EVENING CLASSESEnter Any Monday63rd St. H. P. 2130The Mary E. PogueSchool and SanitariumWheaton, III.Phone Wheaton 66A school and sanitarium for the care and training of children mentally subnormal, epileptic,or who suffer from organic brain disease.SCHOOL OF THEATREMR. BEN GUY PHILLIPSFaculty Member of the RoyalAcademy of Dramatic ArtCOURSESInclude: Art of Acting, Voice Control,Pantomime, Playwriting, Stage, Sceneand Costume Design, Public Speaking, etc.Children's ClassesSTUDIO— 72 EAST 11TH STREETHarrison 3360SAINT XAVIER COLLEGEFOR WOMEN4900 Cottage Grove AvenueCHICAGO, ILLINOISA Catholic College Conducted bythe SISTERS OF MERCYCourses lead to the B. A. and B. S.degrees. Music — Art 1907Shigeo Yamanouchi, who holdsa fellowship with the Carnegie Institution of Washington, has returnedto Chicago after spending severalmonths in Japan. *1908George Ashman, Jr., SM, is aninstructor in organic chemistry atBradley Institute, Peoria.Anna P. Youngman, '05, is writing financial editorials for the Washington Post.Walter Bingham is recoveringfrom a long and serious illness. Heis living in New York.1911Robert K. Nabours, EdB'05, reports that in the past year he recorded the millionth specimen in athirty year study of inheritance inthe grouse locusts (orthoptera). Heis working at Kansas AgriculturalCollege, Manhattan.William S. Cooper, Professor ofBotany, University of Minnesota, hasheen appointed as official representative of the Ecological Society to theSixth International Botanical Congress, meeting at Amsterdam in September, 1935.S. H. Eckerson was elected chairman of the Physiological Section ofthe Botanical Society of America atthe meeting at Pittsburgh. She hasaccepted an invitation to speak beforethe New York Association of BiologyTeachers on "The framework ofplant cells."1913Norma E. Pfeiffer, '09, has beenrequested to write a chapter on theIsoetaeae by Dr. F. Verdoorn of Holland for his forthcoming Manual ofPteridology.Edwin H. Sutherland has resigned as professor of Sociology atthe University of Chicago to go to thehead of the Dept. of Sociology at Indiana University.1914J. S. Caldwell, AM'04, SeniorPhysiologist, Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C, is engaged in investigating the growth,ripening, and preservation of fruit.He has given special attention toraspberries, strawberries, andpeaches, and has published severalbulletins on these subjects.Herbert F. Rudd, DB'03,AM'13,professor of philosophy at the University of New Hampshire, reportsthat he recently found great interestin teaching a new course for advancedstudents on "ethics of social reconstruction."Eliot Blackwelder, '01, is withStanford University, Calif. V. F. Swaim heads the physics department of Bradley PolytechnicInstitute, Peoria. Mrs. Swaim(Gladys Ditewig, '14), is presidentof the College Woman's Club ofPeoria.1915Millard S. Markle, SM'13, ofEarlham, Ind., spent the past summerat the Oceanographic Laboratory,Friday Harbor, Wash.1916Frank E. Denny will deliver aninvitation paper on "Chemical Treatments of Dormant Plants" before theBotanical Congress at Amsterdam inSeptember, 1935. Dr. Denny is anofficial delegate of Boyce ThompsonInstitute for Plant Research at theCongress.Earle E. Eubank of the University of Cincinnati recently spentthree months conferring with thesociologists of Austria, Czechoslovakia, England, France, Germany,Poland, and Russia in preparationfor a study of European sociologicalbackgrounds.1918Rodney B. Harvey is the authorof • an Annotated Bibliography ofthe Low Temperature Relations ofPlants, which has been published in1935 by the Burgess Publishing Co.,Minneapolis.Frank M. Schertz is associatedwith the American Chlorophyll Co.,Washington, D. C. and is engaged inthe commercial production of chlorophyll, carotinoids, and their derivatives.H. L. Walster, Dean of theSchool of Agriculture and Directorof the Experiment Station, Fargo,North Dakota, has been Director ofthe Drought Relief Service andChairman of the Land Use Committee for the State during the past year.1919Arthur W. Haupt, '16, is a member of the faculty of the Universityof California, at Los Angeles.1920Dean A. Pack formerly with SeaFoods Corporation at Gloucester,Mass., is now with the General FoodsCorporation at Battle Creek, Mich.1921T. Russell Wilkins spent a largepart of last year visiting researchcenters in universities and industriallaboratories in a dozen Europeancountries. He is now back at theUniversity of Rochester, N. Y.Georgiana R. Simpson, '11, AM'20, is an Associate Professor ofGerman at Howard University,Washington.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 281Fked W. Emerson, SM'19, of theNew Mexico Normal University, LasVegas, N. M., has been investigatingthe vegetation of the gypsum deserts.He announces a summer field trip forbotanical study in the adjacent mountains.1922Eduardo Quisumbing, SM'21,has recently been appointed ActingChief, National Museum, Bureau ofScience, Manila, P. I., and is at thesame time Curator of the PhilippineNatural Herbarium.M. Louise Sawyer, SMT6, ofForest Park, 111., has been in Floridaconvalescing from a serious operation.Malcom C. Sewell is GeneralSecretary of the Sigma Nu Fraternitywith an office at 745 Illinois Bldg.,Indianapolis, Ind.1924J. Hobart Hoskins, SM'21, Headof the Department of Botany, University of Cincinnati, has been appointed to the editorial staff of thePalaeontologisches Zentralblatt, Leipzig, and also of the American Midland Naturalist.Gregory Paine, '15, AM'20, is aprofessor of English at the University of North Carolina.1925Walter F. Loehwing, '20,SM'22,Professor of Botany at the University of Iowa, is to represent theAmerican Society of Plant Physiologists at the Sixth International Congress of Botanists to be held at Amsterdam in September, 1935.Anne Norrington is now connected with the Dept. of Education,Victoria, British Columbia.Sister Mary Ellen O'Hanlon,Professor of Botany, Rosary College,River Forest, 111., is spending a sabbatical year in Europe, where her address is Villa des Fougire, Fribourg,Switzerland.J. B. Rhine, '22,SM'23, AssistantProfessor of Psychology, Duke University, has published a book on Extra-sensory Perception.P. W. Zimmerman, T6,SMT7,who recently returned to his work atBoyce Thompson Institute after recovery from an operation in December, has published another paper ongas injury with William Crocker,PhD'06.1926John M. Arthur, '20, is continuing his work with various types ofgaseous discharge lamps as lightsources and will soon publish a preliminary account dealing with an insulated greenhouse which depends entirely on lamps for heat. SCHOOL AND CAMPDIRECTORYGIRLS' SCHOOLS BOYS' SCHOOLS— ContinuedPENN HALLFor Young Women. Junior College — 2 years,and 4 year high school. Credits honored byuniversities. Music Conservatory. Int. Decor.,Costume Design, Phys. Ed., Secretarial, HomeEc, Athletics, Riding. New lire-proof buildings.Connecting baths. Part of May at Ocean City.Catalog:F. S. Magill, A.M.Box C. Chdmbcrsburg, Pa.FAIRMONTJUNIOR COLLEGE and 4 YEAR HIGH SCHOOLCultural and Social advantages of the capital.Interesting trips. Two-year college courses.Liberal Arts. Secretarial. Home Economics.Music. Art. Develops talents. Accredited toUniversities. All sports. 36th year.Maud van Woy, A.B.1715 Massachusetts Ave., Washington, D. C.BOYS' SCHOOLSCLARK SCHOOLHANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIREAn accredited preparatory school certifying tothe University of Chicago and other colleges.Classes average five students. Supervised study.Instructors men of experience. Athletic andwinter sports.Frank F. Morgan, DirectorWESTERN MILITARY ACADEMYYour boy's success in life depends largely uponthe training he receives between the ages of10 and 18. Western specializes In developingthe success-winning qualities of initiative, perseverance, courage and judgment. That's whyWestern boys are leaders. Thorough preparation for college or business. Sports, riding,for all. 25 miles from St. Louis. Catalog.Col. F. C. Jackson, Alton, IllinoisCRANBROOK SCHOOLDistinctive endowed boys' school, grades 7-12. Graduates in 29 colleges. Unusual opportunities in arts,sciences, athletics, hobbies. Creative talent cultivated.William O. Stevens, Ph. D., Headmaster2200 Lone Pine Rd., Bloom field Hills, Mich.CAMP CHARLEVOIXNorth Mich. Boys 7-18. Grad. staff includes "Tad"Wieman, Princeton coach ; Herm Everhardus, starMich, halfback; Mark Wakefield, Indiana basketball star; "Bud" Ruthven, son of Pres. U. ofMich., riding master. All land and water sports.crafts, nature, sailing, riflery. Physician, CampMother. For catalog writeL. C. Reimann '16, Mich.Ann Arbor, Michigan ulyer;MILITARY ACADEMY HELPS HIM TOFIND HIMSELFStudies and guides himunderstandingly. Dis-cmiMiTrc -ruic covers interests and apt-EDUCATES THE itudes. Develops initia-WHOLE BOY tive, poise and enthusiasm for purposeful living.Prepares for all colleges .Junior College work.Modern equipment on1000 -acre campus, adjoining Lake Maxinkuckee.All sports. Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery, Band. Catalog.St PERSHING SQUARECULVER, INDIANACOUPONFOR COMPLETE SCHOOL ANDCAMP INFORMATION, FILL OUTAND MAIL THIS FORM TO THEGRADUATE SCHOOL SERVICE, 30ROCKEFELLER PLAZA, N. Y.Student's Age Sex Religion Rate Location Preferred Type of School Preferred Type of Camp Preferred Remarks Name Address CHICAGO COLLEGE OFDENTAL SURGERYDental School ofLOYOLA UNIVERSITYOffers a four year dental course requiring for matriculation thirty semester hoursof approved college credit in specified subjects.The three year dental course requiressixty semester hours of approved collegecredit in specified subjects.In the near future the requirements formatriculation will be two years of college credit and the dental curriculum afour year course.Graduate courses offered in selectedsubjects.For details addressThe RegistrarChicago College of Dental SurgeryDental School of Loyola University1757 West Harrison St. Chicago, I1L282 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWestern ElectricLEADERS INSOUNDTRANSMISSIONAPPARATUSAlbert Teachers' Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau for menand women in all kinds of teaching positions.Large and alert College and State Teachers' College departments for Doctors and Masters: fortyper cent of our business. Critic and Grade Supervisors for Normal Schools placed every year inlarge numbers; excellent opportunities. Specialteachers of Home Economics, Business Administration, Music, and Art, secure fine positions throughus every year. Private Schools in all parts of thecountry among our best patrons; good salaries. Wellprepared High School teachers wanted for city andsuburban High Schools. Special manager handlesGrade and Critic work. Send for folder today.Serving the Medical Professionsince 1895V. MUELLER & CO.SURGEONS INSTRUMENTSHOSPITAL AND OFFICEFURNITUREORTHOPEDIC APPLIANCES•Phone Seeley 2181, all departmentsOgden Ave., Van Buren andHonore StreetsChicagoCHICAGO PETERSENMOTOR LIVERYA PERSONAL SERVICEof Refinement, Catering to theUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOLINCOLNSWith Experienced Chauffeurs5650 LAKE PARK AVE.Phone MIDWAY 0949 C. Y. Chang, who spent two yearsleave of absence in Europe, has returned to China, and is Professor ofBotany at the National University ofPeking.Douglas Scates is director of research in the schools of Cincinnati.Mary M. Steagall, EdB'05,PhB'08, SM'23, is head of the department of zoology at the SouthernIllinois State Teachers College.1927In January, Lemuel C. McGee,MD'30, accepted the post of head ofthe Department of Medicine in theDavis Memorial Hospital, Elkins,W. Va.Robert D. Highfield is head ofthe English Department of the StateTeachers' College, Memphis.1928George Crisler, '24,MD'31, whoaddressed the staff of the Davis Memorial Hospital on March 26, on thesubject, Some Aspects of Endocrinology, is now associate professorof physiology at the University ofW. Va. Medical School, Morgantown,W. Va.Constance E. Hartt, SM'25, Research Associate at the ExperimentStation of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association and Assistant Professor of Botany at the University ofHawaii, spent a short leave of absencein the United States, attended the December meetings of the Botanical Society, and the Society of Plant Physiologists at Pittsburgh, and there presented two papers embodying some ofthe recent results of her investigations.George J. Raleigh is AssistantProfessor of Vegetable Crops atCornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.Ivar Spector, Professor at theUniversity of Washington, recentlypublished two books: the first, ALiving Russian Grammar, is a textbook for Russian language courses;the second, Russia: A New History,is a comprehensive survey of thefacts of Russian history from theearliest times down to the present.1929George L. Cross resigned as headof the Department of Botany at theUniversity of South Dakota, to accept a position in the Department ofBotany at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla.M. Dorisse Howe has been madehead of the Department of Biologyat the" Queens-Chicora College atCharlotte, N. Car.Elbert L. Little, SM'29, is incharge of special investigations of theU. S. Forest Service on the rangesnear Las Cruces, N. M.James M, McCallister, AM'22, is personnel director for Medill CityJunior College, Chicago.W. M. Krogman, '26, AM'27, iswith Western Reserve MedicalSchool, Cleveland. He has beenelected to the permanent Council ofthe International Congress of Anthropology and Ethnology, and appointedU. S. Secretary for Physical Anthropology.Robert E. Landon, '26, is a consulting geologist, with offices at 800Exchange Bldg., Colorado- Springs.He finds business good, now thatmining has revived, and is speciallybusy with the Cripple Creek district.1930W. O. Brown resigned his position at the University of Cincinnatito take a post in the Research Department of the F. E. R. A. in Washington, D. C.May Burunjik, '27,SM'29, whois teaching biology in the NorthernMontana College at Havre, waselected chairman of the science andmathematics section of the MontanaEducational Association, at its autumn meeting.Carter M. Harrison, now locatedat the University of Arizona, Tucson,visited various laboratories in England and on the continent during thepast year. He spent much of his timeat Aberystwith, where the most important investigations of grasses havebeen in progress.Blanche McAvoy assisted in conducting a geography field trip to theYellowstone and Rocky MountainNational Parks during the past summer ; she teaches at the State NormalUniversity at Normal, 111.Ray W. Rutledge is Professor ofBiology at the State Teachers College, Florence, Ala.Charles F. Severin, '26,SM'28,teaches biology at St. Mary's College,Winona, Minn.Winifred C. Warning, AM'25, isnow living at 224 S. Wisconsin St.,Elkhorn, Wis.Herbert S. Wolfe, who is Horticulturist in charge of the subtropicalstation of the Florida AgriculturalExperiment Station at Homestead, isjoint author of an extensive bulletinon Avocado Production in Florida,Bulletin 272 of the Florida Station.1931Frank P. Cullinan, Senior Pom-ologist in the Division of Horticultural Crops and Diseases of the Bureau of Plant Industry, has transferred his work to the new laboratories of the U. S. Department ofAgriculture at Beltsville, Md.Verne O. Graham is principal ofone of Chicago's schools and President of the Conservation Council.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 283THE OLDEST CAMP IN THE WESTCAMP HIGHLANDSFOR BOYSSAYNER. WISCONSINThree Camps--8-l2: 13-14: 15-17Woodcraft, Athletic and Water Sports,Music, Photography, Scouting, Long CanoeTrips, Riding, Shooting, Shop, Nature Lore,Camping Trips, Unexcelled Equipment,Experienced Staff, Doctor-Nurse.WRITE THE DIRECTOR FOR CATALOGW. J. MONILAW, M. D.5712 Kenwood Ave., Chicago/^ftv HA1R(Wm \ REMOVEDA#|Pj FOREVER«0^j^^2 14 Years' Experience^L^^^mmi^ pree ConsultationLOTTIE A. METCALFEGraduate NurseELECTROLYSIS EXPERTPermanent removal of Hair fromFace, Eyebrows, Back of Neck or anypart of Body; destroys 200 to 600Hair Roots per hour.Member American Assn. Medical Hydrologyand Physical Therapy$1.75 per Treatment for HairTelephone FRA 4885Suite 1705, Stevens Bldg.17 No. State St.BUSINESSDIRECTORYAWNINGSPhones Oakland 0690—0691—0692The Old ReliableHyde Park AwningINC. Co.,Awnings and Canopies for All °urposes4508 Cottage Grove Aven ueBONDSP. H. Davis, 'II. H. 1. Markham, ,Ex.,06R. W. Davis, '16 W. M. Giblin, '23F. B . Evans, '1 1Paul H. Davis & Co.J MembersNew York Stock ExchangeChicago Stock Exchange37 So La Salle St. Franklin 8622BOOKSARE YOU INTERESTEDinMEDICAL BOOKSWe will send you gratis our bargain pricecatalog on Medicine, Surgery, MedicalHistory, Psychology and Sexology.LOGIN BROS.1814 W. Harrison St. CHICAGO Harry V. van Dyke, '18,MD'22,formerly Professor of Pharmacologyat the University of Chicago and nowin charge of Pharmacology at thePeiping Union Medical College, is inChicago on furlough. He expects toreturn to China in June.Clifford P. Osborne is an instructor in philosophy at the Universityof Chicago.Darrell S. Hughes is engaged inresearch for an oil company, at Ave-nal, Calif.1932Harris M. Benedict resigned hisposition at Purdue University to accept an appointment to the U. S.Department of Agriculture, Horticultural Field Station at Cheyenne,Wyo.Seville Flowers of Price, Utah,spent a considerable portion of thepast summer in Vermont with Dr.Grout, engaged in the study of certain groups of mosses.Charles A. Hoffman is at homeon a farm at Mt. Pleasant, la.Charles J. Whitfield is incharge of the experiments of theU. S. Erosion Service at SafTord,Arizona.Ernest F. Witte is State Coordinator of Research in the state ofIllinois. He has recently publishedsome material on Purchasing Policiesand Practices of Chain Drug Stores.Sylvia Griswold, '19, is professorof biology at the Saint Mary Collegeat Leavenworth, Kansas. For severalsummers she has been with the Forest and Range Experimental Station,doing research work. She reportsthat it is seldom she meets Chicago-ans, "as they do not seem to be attracted to Leavenworth.' '1933John Voss, SM'25, is teaching inthe High School at Peoria, Illinois,and continuing his studies of the in-terglacial and post-glacial peat deposits of Illinois.Aaron Baker Kendrick is an assistant in internal medicine at theUniversity of Illinois Medical College in Chicago.Wood Gray is an assistant in theHistory Department at GeorgeWashington University, Washington,DC1934Orlin Biddulph has been appointed to a position on the staff ofthe Department of Botany at theUniversity of South Dakota.David F. Costello is AssistantConservationist in the Forest Serviceat Ogden, Utah, and is concernedwith problems of the phenology ofrange vegetation.W. H. Horr is Assistant Professorof Botany at the University of Kansas. MEDICAL BOOKSof All PublishersThe Largest and Most Complete Stock andall New Books Received as soon as published. Come in and browse.SPEAKMAN'S(Chicago Medical Book Co.)Congress and Honore StreetsOne Block from Rush Medical CollegeCATERERJOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900- -090 1Retail Deliveries Daily and SundaysQualify and Service Since 1882CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, 12B. R. Harris, '2 1Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and E ngineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285COFFEE— TEAw. S. Quinby CompanyIMPORTERS AND ROASTERSOF HIGH GRADECOFFEES AND TEAS4 1 7-427 W. OHIO ST. —CHICAGOPhones Superior 2336-7-8COALQUALITY COAL PRICED RIGHTLESTER COAL CO.4025 Wallace St., at 40th PlaceAll Phones: Yards 6464Wasson-PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phones: Wentworth 8620-I-2-3-4Wasson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wasson DoesCURTAIN CLEANINGGREENWOODCURTAIN CLEANERS1032 E. 55th St.Phone Hyde Park 2248We Clean All Kinds of Curtains — Drapes —Banquet Cloths — Window ShadesWe Also Do Dry Cleaning onCurtains and Drapes284 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEELECTRIC SIGNSELECTRIC SIGNADVERTISING•CLAUDE NEON FEDERAL CO.225 North Michigan Avenue•W. D. Krupke, '19Vice-president in Charge of SalesEMPLOYMENTCOLOREDDOMESTIC HELPFurnishedDay or NightReferences investigated.Englewood Employment Agency5530 S. State. Phone-Englewood 3 1 8 1 -3 1 82Street Night-Englewood3 181Established 16 yearsFLOWERSHOMER LANGE A. LANGEEst. 1887Charge Accounts and DeliveryFLORIST^63 East Monroe Central 3777CHICAGOEstablished 1865FLOWERSPhones: Plaza 6444, 64451 63 I East 55th StreetOBERG'SFLOWER SHOPFlowers by WireTo Any Part of the World1 46 1 -63 East 57th St.FLOOR FINISHING"Definitely Superior" ¦ .»NEVERUB <& fcBRAZIL WAX rHardest Known Wax, W I %Wears Longer \ *t- w.NO RUBBING y ^USED BY THE UNIVERSITYFURNITUREWE BUY - SELLFURNITURE & RUGSHOUSEHOLD SALVAGE GOODS CO.740 EAST 47TH STREETPHONE KENWOOD 2224 John F. Locke is Assistant Professor of Botany at the MississippiAgricultural College, State College,Miss.Naomi Mullendore, SM'29,teaches botany in Franklin College inIndiana.E. H. Runyon, '26, is living atNewton-Highlands, Mass.Gustav B. Ulvin, SM'32, is chemist with the Wanzer Dairy Co., Chicago.Eva Donelson is an instructor innutrition in the home economics division of the University of Minnesota.MASTERS1 895Ernest G. Dodge, AM, is chairman of the Esperanto Association ofNorth America.1 904William E. Praeger, SM, whohas taught biology for twenty-nineyears in Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, Mich., retired last June withrank of Professor Emeritus. A successful teacher, Professor Praegertook an active part in civic affairs;was Park Commissioner from 1913to 1918 and a charter member of thecity planning board of Kalamazoo.He is a member of many scientificsocieties, and retains his office at theCollege and his interest in biologicalscience.1916Fern Sprague is teaching literature at Elm Place School, HighlandPark, 111., a "unique, progressive,suburban school."1920George W. Barbour, AM, isteaching history at Heights HighSchool, Cleveland Heights, Ohio.L. L. Clifton, AM, is Dean atthe Southeastern Teachers College,Durant, Okla.1921Liliam C. W. Baker, AM, is headof the home economics department atState Teachers College, Keene, N.Hamp.Franklin E. Vestal, SM, is assistant geologist for the TennesseeValley Authority, located at StateCollege, Miss.1923Mattie M. Dykes, AM, is teaching English in Northwest MissouriState Teachers College, Maryville,Mo.William J. Cribbs, SM, is withthe U. S. Forest Service at ParberCreek, Ariz.Wade H. Shumate, AM, is President of the Southeastern TeachersCollege, Durant, Okla. FURRIERF. STEIGERWALDFURRIERSTORAGE— REPAIRINGREMODELING902 Phone17 North State St. Cent. 6620Exclusive But Not ExpensiveGROCERIESTelephone Haymarket 3120E. A. Aaron & Bros.Fruits and Vegetables, Poultry, Butter,Eggs, Imported and Domestic Cheese,Sterilized and Fresh Caviar, Wesson and"77" Oil, M. F. B. Snowdrift and ScocoShortening46-48 So. Water Market, Chicago, III.LEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyde Park 9100-1-2QUALITY FOODSTUFFSMODERATE PRICESWE DELIVERCOHEN and COMPANYWholesaleFruit — Vegetables — Poultry21 I South Water MarketPhones Haymarket 0808 to 0816HOTELS"Famous for Food"Dancing and EntertainmentNightlyCircular CRYSTAL Barthe BREVOORT hotel120 W. Madison St. ChicagoLAUNDRIESADAMSLAUNDRY CO2335 Indiana Ave.Superior Hand WorkOdorless Dry CleaningTelephoneCalumet 2346Morgan Laundry Service, Inc.2330 Prairie Ave.Phone Calumet 7424Dormitory ServiceTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 285Standard Laundry Co.Linen Supply — Wet WashFinished Work1818 South Wabash Ave.Phone Calumet 4700SUNSHINE LAUNDRYCOMPANYAll ServicesDry Cleaning2915 Cottage Grove Ave.Telephone Victory 5110THEBEST LAUNDRY andCLEANING COMPANYALL SERVICESWe Also DoDry Cleaning — Shoe Repairing4240Indiana Ave. PhoneOAKIand 1383LITHOGRAPHERL. C. Mead '21. E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS# INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing731 Plymouth CourtWabash 8182MUSICRaynerDalheim &Co.MUSICENGRAVERS & PRINTERSof FRATERNITY.SORORITYano UNIVERSITYof CHICAGO SONG BOOKSNO 0R0CRT00 LARGE 0RTOO SMALL - WRITE FOR PRICES2054 W.LAKE ST PHONE SEELEY 4710NURSES' REGISTRYNURSES' OFFICIAL REGISTRYof FIRST DISTRICT, ILLINOIS STATENURSES ASSOCIATIONFurnishes registered nurses for all types ofeases and for varying hours of service tolit the patient's need.TelephoneNURSES' HEADQUARTERSSTATE 85428 South Michigan Ave., Willoughby TowerBuilding — Lucy Van Frank, RegistrarOPTICAL SUPPLIESSince 1886BORSCH & COMPANYEyes Examined Glasses FittedOculists Prescriptions FilledWe Can Duplicate Any Lens fromthe Broken PiecesTelephonef>2 E. Adams St. State 7267 1924Howard J. McGinnis, AM, isRegistrar and Instructor in Psychology at East Carolina Teachers College, Greenville, N. C. He is theproud grandfather of Phyllis C.Johnston, born March 16 to hisdaughter, Mrs. James M. Johnston.1924S. Edward Scott, AM, is ateacher of mathematics at BlewettHigh School, St. Louis.1925Amy I. Moore, AM, is mathematics supervisor at Morehead StateTeachers College, Morehead, Ky.1926Lawrence Grinstead, AM, isdoing marketing research for Armour and Co., Chicago.1926Ellis C. Persing, SM, whoteaches science in the School of Education, Western Reserve University,Cleveland, Ohio, was president of theAmerican Nature Study Society during last year.Paul R. Conway, AM, is regionalcounsel for the Legal Division of theFederal Emergency Administrationof Public Works, at Washington.He recently published an Outline ofthe Law of Contracts.1927Helen G. Wii.mot, AM, is an associate Professor of Home Economics, Interior Decoration and Textilesat Saskatchewan University.Kate M. Offerman, AM, is assistant superintendent of schools ofWood County, Ohio.1928May Connard, ex (Mrs. HardyShirley), is the happy mother of ayear-old son.1930Walter H. Ellwanger, AM, hasbeen Pastor at the A. G. BrauerMemorial Lutheran Mission, St.Louis, Mo., for five years.1932Emil H. J. Rintelmann, AM, isa teacher at the Milwaukee UniversitySchool and Director of the NorthPierce Street Social Center, Milwaukee, Wis.Spencer Delancey Albright,AM, is filling a one-year appointment as instructor in Political Science at the University of Arkansas.He was teaching part-time at CentralY. M. C. A. College, Chicago.Edward J. Zeiler, AM, is principal of Richards and CumberlandSchools, Whitefish Bay, Wis.Carrie I. French, AM, is givinga course in History Methods in theState Normal School at Oneonta, N.Y., and supervising cadet teaching inthe city schools. ThisSummer SWEDEN!LAND OF SUNLIT NIGHTSDining by the Sunlit BalticCHANGE your travel routine — gothis summer to the land of sunlit nights.A bracing climate, wholesome, appetizingfood, culture, refinement and never failingcourtesy await you in Sweden.Spend at least a fortnight of continuousdaylight in beautiful Stockholm or amongthe charming inland waterways of Sweden.See its romantic castles and picturesquecustoms in a scenery of tranquil beauty.The joy of fine living experienced inSwedish American liners does not end withthe crossing. Each day in Sweden assuresthe same treat.Direct from New York in eight days —convenient from England and the Continent.Your travel agent or we will gladly send our new" Lands of Sunlit Nights "with complete travel detail of delightful journeysin all the Scandinavian countries — a treasurehouse of vacation guidance.SWEDISH TRAVELINFORMATION BUREAU551 FIFTH AVENUE Dept. GG NEW YORKGREUNE- MUELLERCOALIs of Highest Quality fromRespective Fields and isDUSTLESS TREATEDLet Us Prove This to YouGREUNE-MUELLER GOAL GO.7435 So. Union Ave.All Phones Yincennes 4000G. W. Bannerman, AM, principal of the junior high school at Wau-sau, Wis., is very active in civic andeducational affairs in Wisconsin. Hewas speaker at the opening of theNew Wood CCC camp this fall, andaddressed the meeting of the Wisconsin Council of Education at Milwaukee in September.Arthur Gray, AM, is teachingsocial sciences in Hartwell HighSchool, Cincinnati.286 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEFAINTSGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating— Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3186JOHN E. ROCKEFELLOW, INCEstablished 1893Paints, Wall Paper, GlassWindow ShadesWHOLESALE AND RETAIL432 i Cottage Grove Ave.Telephone Atlantic 1900PHOTOGRAPHERMOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago . . State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNIPHYSICAL THERAPY OMITSMSINTOSH\ ELECTRICAL CORPORATION- CHICAGO IEstablished 1879MANUFACTURERSPhysical Therapy EquipmentTelephone— KEDzie 2048223-233 N. California Ave., ChicagoC, E. MARSHALLWHEEL CHAiR HEADQUARTERSFOR OVER FORTY YEARSNew and Used Chairs for Sale or Rent.Hospital Beds, Crutches, etc"Airo" Mattresses and Cushions5062 Lab Park Ave. Drex. 3300 IPLASTERINGT. A. BARRETTPLASTERERChimneys RepairedBoiler Mason Work, etc.6447 Drexei Ave.Shop 541 I CottageGrove TelephoneHyde Park 0653PRINTINGMAGNUS-MARKSASSOCIATESPrinting-Publishing-Photo EngravingGenera! OfTices 608 S. Dearborn St.Phone Wabash 2685CHICAGO RUSHFACULTY-ALUMNIDINNERChange of Date to June I, 1935Rush Alumni Meeting, 5 :O0 P. M.ySaturday, June 1. Dinner, 6 :30P. M.—The Palmer House. $2.25.Other national medical meetingshave made necessary the advancement of date of Rush Facility -AlumniDinner to June 1, 1935, instead of aweek later as previously announced.Exercises scheduled for Friday,June 7, and' Saturday, June 8, havebeen advanced and zvill be held onFriday, May 31, and Saturday,June 1.See your April Alumni Magazinefor details of program.DIVSNSTY1898James H. Garnett, DB, is Deanat the American Baptist TheologicalSeminary, Nashville, Tenn.1909Eugene Neubauer, DB5 is vicepresident of the American NationalPatriotic Society, Inc.191!Herbert Hines, AM, PhD'22, hasresigned his pastorate at the CentralBaptist Church of Springfield, III,and intends to spend some time intravel and study.1912Clarence W. Kemper, AM'll,DB, pastor of the First BaptistChurch of Denver, Colo., is a member of the "Committee of Nine on theMinistry," for the Northern BaptistConvention; he represented the Convention in a series of three addressesbefore the Northern California Baptist Convention in October last year;he is on the Board of Directors andthe Executive Committee of the Colorado Baptist Convention.1913Ernest G. Svenson is now on ayear's leave of absence from hischurch in Tacoma, Wash., and is running a large dairy and stock farm atSioux Falls, S. Dak., a change whichhe reports as highly beneficial to hishealth.1918William B. Alexander has returned to India to resume active workat Jubbulpore, Central Provinces.1919D. C Holtom, PhD, has returnedto his work in Japan, where he isDean of the Theological Departmentof the Baptist School at Yokohama.1925Ernest Wiesle, AM,PhD'26, isdean of the International Y. M. C. A.College. RADIATOR CABINETSPROTECT1WALLS ~>/ DRAPESQUALITY RADIATOR0ABINETSC®ae@ffi!©«l Water P@msEasy F&ymmtBDor. 8®@© For. 2022Wiam. S3®;::«1&W::'E...7S/*'ST.-': . ,:'«REOOCINGBe in Correct ProportionsGARDNER REDUC1N<STUDIOS30 S. Michigan Ave.Phone Dearborn 3809RESTAURANTThe Best Place to Eat on the South Sidem^iw^mm-j WheJ^tCOLONIAL TEA ROOM6324 Woodlawn Ave.Phone Hyde Park 6324ROOFINGGrove Roofing c©a(Gilliiand)Old Roofs Repaired — New Roofs Put OnI 25 Years at 6644 Cottage G -ove Ave.| Lowest Prices — Estimates Free1 Fairfax 3206RUG CLEANER^£a a &\ a O \b^ 1W w I 1 was sssa m= BssCOMPANYRUG CLEANERS218 East 71st StreetTelephone: Stewart 9867SCENERYPAUSBACK STUDIOSScenery Props and LightsRENTEDTelephone Drexei 70603727 Coif age Grove Ave.STORAGEGARFIELDFIREPROOF STORAGE CO,Movers, Packers and StorageNew and Used Household Goods. Terms.5929—33 So. State StreetPhones, Englewood 5020-5021THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 287RUSH1912E. J. Strick, MD, is practisingmedicine in Chuan Chow GeneralHospital, Fukien, China.1920Richard Hofstra, '18,MD, istemporary superintendent of Hopeand Wilhelmina Hospital, Kulangsu,Amoy, China.1921Francis L. Lederer, '19,MD, wasappointed Professor and Head of theDepartment of Otology, Rhinology,and Laryngology at the University ofIllinois College of Medicine in September 1934.1928Dr. Martha Bernheim, MD, hasbeen appointed an Assistant in Anaesthesia in the Division of BiologicalSciences at the University of Chicago.1929T. V. Oltman, MD, is doing medical work in Hope and WilhelminaHospital, Kulangsu, Amoy, China.SOUTH SIDE MEDICAL1934Andrew J. Brislen, '31, MD cert,began his internship in Medicine atthe University of Chicago, on April 1.1935At the Winter Convocation onMarch 12, 1935, the Four- Year Certificate was awarded by the Schoolof Medicine to: Ruth Aaron, whowill intern at the Los Angeles General County Hosp. ; Kenneth L. Burtand David J. Tschetter, who will intern in the Dept. of Surgery, University of Chicago ; Georgie R. Metzinger, who has an appointment at theWomen's and Children's Hospital inChicago beginning July 1st; WillardG. DeYoung, who will intern at thePresbyterian Hospital in Chicago;Morton Yohalem, who is to intern atthe Mt. Sinai Hosp.The degree of Doctor of Medicinefrom the School of Medicine of theUniversity of Chicago was awardedto the following in March, 1935;William F. Beswick, Asst. in Surgery, University of Chicago; Theodore M. Burkholder, SB'29, HenryFord Hospital in Detroit; MauriceRobert Friend, Michael Reese Hospital; Muriel K. Fuller, '31, internat Frances Willard Hospital, andOwen P. Heninger of Utah.BORNTo Alfred Tonness, '18, AM' 19,DB'20,PhD'31, and Mrs. Tonness, adaughter, Lila, April 16, 1935, Portland, Ore.To Harold H. Tucker, PhD'30,and Mrs. Tucker, (Dorothy Hardt, '26) a daughter, Gale Ellen, February7th, 1935, Milwaukee, Wis.To Mr. J. Barton Hoag, PhD'27,and Mrs. Hoag (Patricia Gillis'30) a daughter, Patricia Katharine,April 18, 1935, Chicago.To Paul K. Houdek, SM'33, andMrs. Houdek, a son, William Richard, on February 3, 1935, Robinson,111.ENGAGEDMarjorie Chapline. '34, to Randall V. Ratcliff, '22 ; they plan tobe married this summer.Adeline J. Holleb, '34, to Sidney R. Yates, '31, JD'33.Jane Sylvia Loewenthal, '32,to Richard B. Lewy, of Chicago.Harold E. Wilkins, '32, to Pris-cilla Waite; their wedding will be inJune.MARRIEDRobert E. Corcoran, '23JD'24,to Eileen Ross, April 21, 1935, Chicago.Mari H. Bachrach, '25, to Edwin J. DeCosta, '26,MD'30, January5, 1935; at home, 5312 WoodlawnAve., Chicago.Priscilla A. Mead, '33, to Leo C.Rosenberg, '30, March 30, 1935 ; athome, 5521 Kenwood Ave., Chicago.Mrs. Rosenberg is in the SocialScience Dept. at the University ofChicago and is the daughter of EmilyFogg, '97, and Edward S. Mead,G-ex '88.Virginia Patton, '30, to ElbridgeKeith, April 20, 1935 ; Mr. and Mrs.Keith will reside in Evanston.Muriel Jacobs '33, to Sidney M.Chesler, '32, March 10, Chicago ; athome, 434 Roscoe St., Chicago.Anne S. Riddle, ex '35, toHenry G. Hilken, II, G-ex '33,Aprils, 1935, Chicago; they will livein Princeton, N. J.Barbara Bastien, ex '34, toFrank H. Armstrong, II, March 30,1935.Marian E. Voight, ex '35, toFrank W. Neads, March 10, 1935.Mrs. Neads' father, John F. Voight,is a member of the Class of 1896.Alice A. Bailey, PhD'32, to Dr.G. T. Nightingale of the AgriculturalExperiment Station, New Brunswick,N. J., July 9, 1934. Mrs. Nightingalewas for several years connected withthe U. S. Cooperative Laboratory,in Market Pathology maintained atthe University of Chicago.DIEDHenry A. Norden, MD'89, May1, 1935, Chicago.Allan Hoben, PhD'01, April 29,1935, Kalamazoo, Mich.George Melton, 02,PhD'08, April23, 1935, Pasadena, Calif.Hazel Burk, '16, May 29, 1934. STORAGE— ContinuedPhone MID way 9700 HYDe Park 0452Peterson Fireproof Storage Co.Chas. A. Peterson, Pres.Moving and ExpressingPacking and ShippingForeign ShipmentsBranch: 8126 Cottage Grove Avenue55th Street and Ellis AvenueTAILORFrank D. CampbellEdward EiseleCharles C. Polich PhoneState 3863Central 8898EISELE & POLICH, LTD.Merchant Tailors8 South Michigan Avenue — Fourth FloorCHICAGOTEACHER'S AGENCIESAMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. Jackson BoulevardChicagoA Bureau of Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field.It is affiliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.THE YATES-FISHERTEACHERS AGENCYEstablished 1906PAUL YATES, Manager616-620 South Michigan Ave.ChicagoTHEHUGHES TEACHERS AGENCY25 E. JACKSON BLVD.TELEPHONE HARRISON 7793Member National Associationof Teachers AgenciesWe Enjoy a Very Fine High School, NormalSchool, College and University PatronageUNDERTAKERSLUDLOW - SCHNEIDERFUNERAL DIRECTORSFine Chapel with New Pipe OrganSEDAN AMBULANCETel. Faiifax 286161 10 Cottage Grove Ave.X-RAY SUPPLIESX-RAY SUPPLIES& Accessories"At Your Service'Tel. Seeley 2550-51Geo. W. Brady & Co.809 So. Western Ave.288 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINECOLLEGE ELECTIONFor First Vice PresidentHarold T. Moore, 'i6, took part in agreat variety of student activities fromBlackfriars to track. He set his seal ofapproval on University women by marrying one of them, Doris MacNeal, '15. Heis superintendent of the Tuthill SpringCompany.Frank Whiting, '16, a bond salesmanlocated at 666 Lake Shore Drive, has ledan active career both as an undergraduateand alumnus. His college career includeddistinguished participation in footballand college organizations.For Executive CommitteePortia Carnes Lane, '08 (Mrs. FrancisHoward Lane), 39 E. Elm St., Chicago,has been a most active alumna, and hasserved as President of the Alumnae Clubfor two years, as well as in the position ofdelegate to the Council and member of theCollege executive committee.Gladys Finn, '24, has served as a delegate to the Council and in the ChicagoAlumnae Club in many ways. She spendsher working hours in the Dean of Student's Office at the University of Chicago.C. Daniel Boone, '25, First NationalBank, occupied his undergraduate hourswith Blackfriars and a score of otheractivities. He is Reunion Chairman for1935.Thomas Mulroy, '27, JD '28, is an attorney with Defrees, Buckingham, Jones andHoffman of Chicago. Delegates to the Alumni CouncilIsabel Mc Murray Anderson, '16, wholives at 5009 Greenwood Ave., Chicago,was an active and social undergraduate.Davie Hendricks Essington, fo8, (Mrs.Thurlow G.), a member of Mortar Board,married Thurlow G. Essington, JD '08;their home is at 5811 Dorchester Ave., Chicago.Ethel Kawin, }n, AM '25, of 5600 Blackstone Ave., is psychologist in the Laboratory Schools and counselor of child development in the Glencoe schools. She was aCollege Aide and a member of Nu PiSigma.Amy Bradshaw, '28, occupied her undergraduate hours with the Y. W. C. A. andSigma ; in 1933-34 she was President ofthe University of Chicago West SuburbanClub. She lives at 2 Elizabeth Court, OakPark.Paul S. Russell, '16, Vice President ofthe Harris Trust and Savings Bank, followed an outstanding career in undergraduate affairs. He married Carroll A. Mason, '19; and since graduation has beenactive in the alumni organization, wasPresident of the Chicago Alumni Club in1924-25 and Chairman of the CollegeAlumni Association, 1933-34.Milton E. Robinson, }u, JD '14, coalmerchant, has served on the EditorialBoard of the Magazine while on the Council. He was one of the five members onthe National Code Authority for Retail Solid Fuel Industry, 1933-34. Mrs. Robinson was Wilhelmina Priddy, '13.Harry R. Swanson, '17, gives investmentadvice at his office at 105 West AdamsStreet. His college career included participation in Owl and Serpent, Daily Maroon, and Blackfiars.Charles O. Higgins, '20, a member ofthe Order of the "C," has presided overthe Chicago Alumni Club. He is in theinvestment service business with Smith,Swanson and Company. Mrs. Higgins wasFrances A. Henderson, '20.Charles Cowan, '27, commission insurance broker at 175 West Jackson, was active in Blackfriars, Dramatic Association,and the Undergraduate Council in his college days.John Nuveen, 'iq, served his Alma Matervaliantly in his undergraduate time and asa Life Member of the Alumni Associationhas continued his service. His offices areat 38 S. Dearborn St.George Hartman, '23, is vice-presidentof the J. L. Sugden Advertising Companyof Chicago. He participated in Owl andSerpent, Three Quarters Club, FinanceCommittee of the Senior Class, and is a"C" man.Robert McKinlayK '29, JD '32, left theresponsibilities of being a College Marshalland a member of Owl and Serpent to become a lawyer at 176 West Adams Street.His wife is Helen Eaton, '31.TEAROUTTHPAGE*MAITNOW OFFICIAL BALLOT( )( )( ) College Alumni Association,For First Vice PresidentTwo years(Vote for one)Harold T. Moore, '16Frank Whiting, '16For Secretary-TreasurerCharlton T. Beck, '04For Executive CommitteeTwo years(Vote for two)Portia Carnes Lane, '08Gladys Finn, '24C. Daniel Boone, '25Thomas Mulroy, '27 University of Chicago, 1935-36Delegates to the Alumni CouncilThree years(Vote for six)Davie Hendricks Essington, '08Milton E. Robinson, '11, JD '14Ethel Kawin, '11, AM '25Isabelle McMurray Anderson, '16Paul S. Russell, '16Harry R. Swanson, '17John Nuveen, '19Charles G. Higgins, '20George Hartman, '23Charles Cowan, '27Amy Bradshaw, '28Robert McKinlay, '29, JD '32 ( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )Only members of the College Alumni Association are eligible to vote in this election.All Bachelors or Masters in Arts, Literature or Science, and any non-degree holders with a minimum of nine majorsof undergraduate credit in Arts, Literature or Science — always provided that they are Life Members of the Association, orhold annual memberships through the payment of annual dues, are members of the College Alumni Association.Such members are urged to vote.Candidates are listed in the order of seniority ; where in the same class, they are listed alphabetically.Your ballot will be kept secret, but all ballots must be signed, and must be received at the Alumni Office prior to Friday,June 7.Mail or deliver ballots to: The Alumni Office, Cobb 403, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.Name Class AddressWhen others honk raucously andrace past, you are not disturbed ifyou sit behind the wheel of the NewSuper-Charged Auburn. You are content with the knowledge that you aredriving the King of the Highway. Sucha car inspires you with its own complete competence and adequacy.You know it is safer as well as moreefficient. The fact that it is capable ofdoing "100", indicates that the 150Horse Power engine is merely loafing at "60" . The vast reserve of power,priceless in emergencies, also enables the engine to maintain itspeak efficiency indefinitely. Thesparkling performance and swankydesign of the 1935 Auburn Super-Charged Models are the year'scrowning automotive achievement!AUBURN AUTOMOBILE COMPANY, AUBURN, IND./^/PJJVWIBMRN© 1935, Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co-