THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEFEBRUARYG-E Campus NewsHEATING WITH COLD WATERReversible air-conditioning equipment, which maybe adapted to either heating or cooling, depending onthe season, is now in operation in a new building inSalem, N. J.Reversing the cycle 6f the ordinary householdrefrigerator, the refrigerant absorbs heat from thewater of a well which is at least 52 degrees even incoldest weather. This heat is added to that createdby the work of the electrically driven compressors,and the refrigerant at 135 degrees gives up the totalheat to the air of the building. Thus it is possiblefor an expenditure in electric energy equivalent to100 heat units to obtain a total of 300 or 400 unitsfor heating. Physics students will recognize thissystem as the heat pump.During the summer, the process is reversed. Theheat is absorbed from the air of the building. Thenthis heat and the heat from the compressors is dissipated in the water from the well, which then canbe used for bathing, or washing dishes.The building is completely equipped for year-roundair conditioning. Besides heating and cooling, theequipment automatically controls the humidity,and cleans and circulates the air. The engineering andthe planning for the installation were done byengineers of the American Gas and Electric Companyand the General Electric Company, and the equipment was built and installed by General Electric.FLEA-POWER MOTORNew photoelectric cells, recently developed in theGeneral Electric Research Laboratory, furnishenough energy to operate a tiny electric motor ratedat four ten-millionths of a horsepower. These "cells" differ from photoelectric "tubes" inthat the cells convert light energy into electricenergy, whereas phototubes do not themselvesgenerate electricity but instead control the amountof current permitted to flow through them accordingto the amount of light they receive. The cells are ofthe selenium type, the selenium being coated with afilm of platinum so thin as to be semitransparent.Four of the cells are used to operate the motor,which in direct sunlight turns at about 400 rpm.But enough light energy is converted into electricity,when a 75 -watt incandescent lamp is lighted eightinches away from the cells, to turn the motor atgood speed, using three ten-thousandths of an ampere. One watt of power can be obtained from about15 square feet of cell area in direct sunlight.Dr. C. W. Hewlett, North Carolina State, '06,Ph. D., Johns Hopkins, '12, of the Research Laboratory was in charge of investigations that led to thedevelopment of the cells and the tiny motor.GREEN BLUESWhen the G-E "House of Magic" was exhibited atthe Franklin Institute in Philadelphia not long ago,the cathode -ray oscillograph was one of the mostpopular features. This device, as you undoubtedlyknow, shows the wave shape of any sound, music,speech, or just plain noise — in the form of a moving,pale greenish-blue line on the end of the tube.Rubinoff, the well-known radio violinist andorchestra leader, came down to see how his violinnotes looked in the device. He had only a few moments in between engagements. But he became sointerested after watching the gyrations of thedancing green line when he played "Humoresque"that he stayed for half an hour. He played on, andfound that his violin produced green notes — evenwhen he played the blues.R. H. Mighell, U. of Denver, '29, of the G-EResearch Laboratory, was in charge of the exhibit.GENERAL » ELECTRICTHE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINEPUBLISHED BY THE ALUMNI COUNCILCharlton T. Beck, '04 Ruth C. E. Earnshaw, '31Editor and Business Manager Associate EditorFred B. Millett, PhD '31, William V. Morgenstern, '20, JD '22, John P. Howe, '27Contributing EditorsMilton E. Robinson, Jr., '11, JD '13, Ethel Preston, '08, AM ' 10, PhD '20, Elizabeth Faulkner, '85Council Committee on PublicationsROBERT REDFIELD, Professor of Anthropology, describes a typical field project of theUniversity. Exploring strange placesin the interests of his science, Professor Redfield has assembled muchenlightening information about theways in which people behave at various cultural levels. His work inMexico established his name in thisparticular kind of research. He isDean of the Division of Social Sciences at the University and ResearchAssociate of the Carnegie Institutionof Washington, in charge of work inYucatan.Harry D. Gideonse, well knownprofessor of economics, gives hisopinion on the controversial subjectof peace. We are indebted to TheDaily Maroon for instigating thewriting of this and several other finearticles on this subject in connectionwith its Peace Poll.Beatrix Farrand reveals some exceedingly interesting things aboutthat mysterious department, Buildings and Grounds. Mrs. Farrand isConsulting Landscape Gardener forthe University, and is very largely responsible for the splendid success ofthe program of beautification of thequadrangles. Mrs. Farrand has landscaped the grounds of the GraduateCollege of Princeton, Yale University, and Dabney Hall Garden at theCalifornia Institute of Technology.Henry W. Prescott serves as chairman of the University's Committee IN THIS ISSUEon Preparation of Teachers, so he isin the best possible position to telljust what the University is trying todo through this particular bit of reorganization. It is an interesting andlogical assumption that each Department should be able to train teachersin its own subject with optimum results.Charles W. Gilkey, Dean of theChapel, took as his subject for oneSunday morning's sermon, "CreativePersonalities." His comment on menand women of the faculty who haveinfluenced their students most calledTABLE OF CONTENTSFEBRUARY, 1935PAGEThe Long Road Back, Robert Redfield 131The Price of Peace, Harry Gideonse 135Planting the Quadrangles, BeatrixFarrand 137Preparing Teachers, Henry W. Prescott 141Creative Personalities, Charles W.Gilkey 143A Vacuum Cleaner, Howard Mort. . 145In My Opinion 148News of the Quadrangles 150Athletics 155Who's Who 157News of the Classes 160 forth a remarkable response and appreciation, both from those attendingand those listening over the radio.His mention of Professor Starr reminded a very great many alumni ofa much loved teacher.This seems to be a "Buildings andGrounds issue," which is probably avery good thing, and long overdue.Everyone who has ever attended theUniversity is much in debt to thisquietly efficient department, whosefunction it is to keep the machineryof the plant running smoothly. Theanonymous workers in overalls andtheir resourceful leaders maintain theenvironment in which knowledgegrows from more to more, and protects the enriching human life fromfreezing to death, or meeting an untimely end on a slippery sidewalk.Mr. Mort goes into the subject of thecentral heating system in his contribution this month, and tells thingsyou never thought of before.Special attention is called to Mr.Howe's article on this alleged "hotbed of radicalism" in News of theQuadrangles.mThe Lincoln statue pictured on thecover is appropriate for February, butit also represents a bit of Universitynews. The statue itself, a model ofthe one made by Lorado Taft for theUniversity of Illinois, is one of theprincipal exhibits in the new LincolnRoom in Harper Library.The Magazine is published at Chicago, 111., monthly from November to July, inclusive, for The Alumni Council of the University of Chicago, 58thSt. and Ellis Ave., Chicago, 111. Annual Association membership is $2.00, which includes the Magazine; single copies are 25 cents. Entered as secondclass matter December 1, 1934, at the post office at Chicago, Illinois, under the Act of March 3, 1879.Mirror, swinging into form for its tenth annual revue March I and 2, is making special plans for alumni this year.Not that. the girls haven't always attracted the alumni, so that their yearly production amounts to a sort ot unofficialhome-coming in Mandel. Frank O'Hara, again directing the production as he has all the others, promises thatin some as yet undivulged manner, the alumni are to be reminded of all the Mirrors with something on the stage aswell as in the orchestra. The famous Berta Ochsner again directs the ballet, and the Tappers and Steppers, which havebecome Mirror institutions, are directed by Allan MacKenzie, of stage prominence. Tickets are on sale, at $1.10 and $0.55.VOLUME XXVII THE UNIVERSITY OFCHICAGO MAGAZINE NUMBER 4FEBRUARY, 1935THE LONG ROAD BACKBy ROBERT REDFIELD, "20, JD '2 1 , Ph D '3 1 , Professor of AnthropologyTHE history of civilization is not, of course, opento direct observation. It is known to us only inthe retrospect afforded by the research of archaeologists and historians. The "long road," as Dr. Colehas called the course of transition from primitive tocivilized living, took thousands of years to traverse, andno man has witnessed more than an infinitesimal partof the journey. In the usual way of looking at thematter, the development of civilization has taken placeonly once, or has taken place a few times, once foreach of the great civilizations.But in another sense a part of this developmenttakes place repeatedly, whenever primitive peoples areexposed to and eventually take over a civilization thatis brought to them. Western civilization, like othergreat civilizations, is still expanding (although in somerespects less rapidly in very recent years) and thereare still frontiers where factory-made goods, money,roads, literacy, moving pictures, capital investment andindustrialization are for the first time invading an area,a population and a culture where these, or some of these,have not been known before. On such frontiers it ispossible to get a single contemporary view of the processof becoming civilized, a view much compressed and withmany elisions, to be sure, as well as colored by the localcircumstances, but a valuable view for the understanding of the historic process, because so directly and intimately seen. There one man can sit by the wayside ofthe "long road," so to speak, and see essential featuresof the pageant of civilization go by.To find such a frontier it is only necessary to go toa part of the world that is relatively isolated and economically undeveloped by reason of hindrances presented by the nature of the habitat, or because of meredistance from centers of civilization, and where there isan indigenous population. One of the nearest of suchfrontiers to Chicago, and one especially favorable forthe study of the process of getting to be civilized, isto be found in the peninsula of Yucatan. Merida, thecapital city of the Mexican state of Yucatan, is a modern city, but in the Indian villages of the tropical forests of the south a mode of living that is substantially primitive still prevails. Yet all the people that live inthe peninsula participate in a culture that is in originpartly Maya Indian and partly Spanish. The Indianelements are of course most in evidence in the remote hinterland, while the upper class of the city exhibit fewMaya features. But the early missionaries went everywhere, bringing the Indians the elements of Christianityand of Spanish culture, while on the other hand theIndians brought into the city that the Spaniards builtMaya beliefs and practices, words and manners of speechthat are still present there today. Carnegie Institutionof Washington, long distinguished for its archaeologicalwork with reference to the ancient Maya, has enteredupon a project of study of the contemporary people ofthe peninsula that is in effect a reporting of the processof getting to be civilized as it is to be viewed today inYucatan.For in Yucatan one may leave the one large cityand go southeastward toward the great forest, and seeas one goes the characteristics of civilization diminishwhile those of primitive life increase. Merida is situated only thirty miles from the one seaport, in the northwest corner of the peninsula. The city is eight timesas large as the next largest community in the State, andin it are concentrated political authority, social prestigeand what little manufacturing is carried on in Yucatan.Though not an industrial city, it is nevertheless a truecity with a business district, foreign colonies, suburbs,banking houses, modern transportation, and a complexsocial and economic life. The railroads of Yucatan radiate out from this city, serving chiefly the northwestcorner of the State, where dwell most of the populationof the peninsula. Going out from the city on one ofthese railroads, one observes that the scrubby bush hasbeen cleared in large tracts where has been planted hene-quen, the agave that yields the fiber sisal, which is madeinto sacks and into binder twine. This fiber is the onlyimportant money crop of Yucatan, and the Maya andmixed-blood people who live in the large plantationand in the villages of this northwest part of the Statedevote themselves largely to the production of this crop,upon which the wealth of the State almost wholly de-131132 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE[ma * IQrMrT1 From left to right yyemeet, first a younglady from QuintanaRoo, adorned with anecklace of Guatemalacoins; next, a belle ofChan Kom; and finally, Alfonso Villa,standing in front ofthe original schoolbuilding of the village.pends. The towns on the railroads are small and provincial in appearance, but some have paved streets, mosthave moving picture theatres, and all have schools.In the level monotony of the Yucatan limestoneplain there is only one important varying geographicfactor: the amount of rainfall. This increases as onegoes southward or eastward. About half way betweenthe west coast and the east coast, the annual rainfallis heavy enough to make the growing of henequen unprofitable — chiefly because under such conditions theplant does not produce a strong enough fiber. So thesisal plantations become fewer, the towns and villagesare farther apart, and the bush is taller and denser.Soon the traveler is in a zone where the villagers support themselves by growing maize, half of which theyeat, and half of which they sell in the towns for moneywith which to buy textiles and axes and gunpowder.The railroad reaches its terminus; the traveler musttake to rude wagon roads, and then to narrow trails.The villages he now passes through have, like the others,schools, and the villagers — more Indian in appearanceand in speech than those previously encountered— areeven called upon to vote; but in many of these communities the prestige of the schoolmaster competes withthat of the Maya shaman-priest, and few if any newspapers and no movies ever get this far into the woods.For now the traveler is passing through a bush so talland dense as to deserve the name of forest.The villages, from being few, are now none at all,and the traveler, still with his back to the city and hisface to the denser forest, must ride his mule for threedays across an uninhabited zone before once again hecomes (o the little cornfields and the roadside shrineswhich tell him he is approaching an inhabited community. In east central Yucatan, between Lake Chichan-kanab and Ascension Bay, Jie again encounters villages.These lie in a true tropical forest. There are lianas,parrots, and flocks of wild turkeys. Among the largehardwoods that in part make up the forest is the sapo-dilla, the latex of which forms the basis of chewinggum. The traveler is now in a region of primitive extractive industry. The chicleros, Mexican chiefly, comedown into this forest during the season to gather chicle.The villagers, again Mayas with Spanish admixture,come in contact with the outside world chiefly through these chicleros and an occasional travelling merchant. Inmost of these villages there are no schools and no masonry houses, but only Indian huts. The traveler willfind few to understand his Spanish, and few to welcomehim. These villages maintain a tribal independence, andare hostile to the townsman or other alien. The travelerhas now reached the end of the road back from civilization in Yucatan. He has left the city life far behind,and has come among a people who evince their primitive-ness as much by their enmity to schools and to governmental officials from the outside as by the earrings whichtheir chieftains wear as symbols of authority or by thedrum beats which call the people to make offerings ofmaize-gruel at the village shrines.The road back from these southeastern villages to thecity of Merida affords a view of the process of becoming civilized. Carnegie Institution, with which the University of Chicago is cooperating, proposes to describethis process by a comparative study of four communitiesranged along this road: a tribal village in the chicleforest; a peasant village in the zone of villages independent of the henequen economy but politically andsocially integrated with the Yucatecan state; a smalltown on the railroad; and the capital city of Merida.When each of these communities has been studied, andthe studies have been reported in similar form and insimilar terms, the group of studies, compared, will sketchout the transition from the folk culture of the isolated,homogeneous, non-literate village to the mobile, heterogeneous civilization that characterizes the city. Somewhat like the drawings that are separately photographedto make together the action cartoon of the moving pictures, these ethnological-sociological studies, looked at insequence, should give an impression of something incourse of change — a sort of compacted version of thetransition from folk to city.In Merida Dr. Asael T. Hansen (who was furnishedus by the University of Wisconsin) assisted by Mrs.Hansen, has devoted over two years to the study ofMerida. In order to get direct acquaintance with severalquarters of the city, Dr. and Mrs. Hansen have livedfor half a year or more in each of three different neighborhoods. In each of these places they have participatedin the local life, attending social and political meetings,taking part in domestic festivities and familial crises, andTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 133recording the gossip and other spontaneous and naivecomment and discussion that better than anything elsereveals how people feel and are disposed to act. TheHansens' task has been unusually complicated by thegreat cultural differences between the masses and thesophisticated upper class. It has been necessary to studythe mode of living of each of these very different socialstrata. In many respects, I believe, Dr. Hansen knowsmore about both classes than the average man of eitherclass knows about the other.The town chosen for study is Dzitas, the railroadjunction at which descend visitors to the archaeologicalruins at Chichen Itza. In Dzitas Mrs. Redfield and Ilived for five months in 1933, in a house on the mainstreet, where it was usual for almost anyone to walkthrough the one living-room on his way to somewhereelse, and where the little patio contained, besides ourkitchen and laundry, a public grist-mill, a carpenter shop,and another family or two. In this almost harrowingintimacy with native life, we investigated a society justbalanced on the margin between city and primitive village. The professional and artisan class looks towardand imitates the ways of the city, while the poor maize-growers find the roots of their lives in the villages ofthe bush. Yet members of both classes play some partin primitive ceremonies to pagan gods, and on the otherhand some of the sons of the lowly put on shoes andcome to be accepted as "cultured."A few miles south of Dzitas, but isolated in thebush, is Chan Kom, a peasant village of two hundredand fifty people, all of Maya stock. To Chan Kom in1927 came Alfonso Villa, a young Meridano, to takecharge of the rural school. Among this people, at thattime aloof and suspicious of modern influences, Villastayed for four years, learned the Maya language andbecame a trusted leader and adviser. When the villagewas for a week besieged by Indians from a parent community from which the colonizers of Chan Kom hadcome and with which they had quarrelled, Villa lay bynight behind the walls built for defense in the bush andhelped repel the attackers. During his long stay hetaught the children to speak Spanish and to read, helpedtheir elders to deal with the administrators and politicalorganizers from the towns and participated in the ceremonies to bring rain or to expel the "evil winds" fromthe bodies of the sick. Through Villa I came to knowthis village too, and after I had spent some months withhim there, we collaborated in the making of a book aboutChan Kom which was published in August, 1934, byCarnegie Institution.The last community to be studied, the tribal villageof Tuzik, down in the tropical forests of the south, isthe hardest nut to crack, and its cracking has had to bedeferred. The villagers in that region are so suspiciousof schools that Villa was forced to conceal his guilty pastas a rural teacher. He has made four trips down tothis village in the role of migratory merchant, carryingwith him his boxes of calicoes, small mirrors, and soap,as well as the phonograph which never fails to gain acertain degree of sympathy from these seclusive Indians.With him went a native of Chan Kom, to whom these"savages" of the south seemed astonishingly primitiveand ignorant, in spite of the fact that his language and many of his ways were the same as theirs. AlthoughVilla succeeded in making entry into that village whichmaintains a shrine with a "talking cross," and to whichother villages of the forest are tributary, being requiredto send their men to keep armed vigil in the hut wherethe oracle is housed, the temporary suspension of chicleextraction had left the Indians too poor to have extendeddealings with peddlers such as Villa, and he was compelled to withdraw and wait for a more favorable yearin which to continue his work.Villa, Hansen and I have been in frequent conference and association during the course of these studies,meeting in Merida, in Dzitas, or in Chan Kom; andVilla and I have together endured the tedium of a mule-back journey to the remote villages of the south. Atthis writing Dr. Hansen is completing his work inMerida and expects to come to the University of Chicago in the Winter Quarter. Villa is beginning his second year as an unclassified student in the University,and plans to return to Tuzik in the summer of 1935.Even in its incomplete condition the study begins toafford that compacted view of the process of transitionfrom folk life to city life which it was designed to provide. It is possible to compare the study of Chan Kom,Dzitas and Merida at many points and see the transitionfrom folk to urban society. One general change thatis striking is the gradual emancipation of the individualfrom the controls of the familial groups into which heis born. This change is instanced in the varying character of marriage arrangements and rituals. In the villages marriage is an inevitable aspect of the passagefrom childhood to adulthood, a natural sequence of thephysiological changes of puberty. Marriage is a provision made by adults for the adult security of theirchildren, and the negotiations for the marriage are carried on by the parents and the uncles and aunts withlittle or no consideration of the wishes of the girl or ofthe boy. Indeed, the choice of spouse is something whichin most cases the young people feel to be no concern oftheirs. Mr. Villa and I have observed instances in whichthe petitioning parents of the boy, received unfavorablyin the house of the girl they had picked out, without delaydecided upon a substitute candidate and moved off toanother house to ask for the hand of a girl living thereThe Main and Only Street of Merida.134 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEas wife for their son. In such villages as Tuzik, it isusual for a betrothed youth to serve for some monthsin the house of his future parents-in-law before receiving his bride, but in Chan Kom this custom is merelyremembered as an old-fashioned usage, but not observed.The most town-wise natives of Chan Kom modify theold custom only to the extent of holding the final familynegotiation in the daytime, instead of secretly and atnight, and in cases by allowing the bridegroom — althoughnot the bride — to be present. In the town a formalpetition for the girl's hand is made, but the form issimplified — the number of visits is reduced and the formal speeches of a public marriage-negotiation are eliminated — and in fact an understanding has usually beenreached between the boy and the girl before the formalpetition is delivered. Furthermore, in the town theelaborate marriage ceremony of the village is not followed — that ceremony in which each newly marriedspouse recognizes by symbolic ritual his new obedience tohis or her connubial kin. In the city, even among themasses, there is no trace of this folk ritual, so expressiveof the important character of marriage as a new linkbetween bodies of kin; for in the city the parents andother relatives play a still further reduced role. Theyoung people make their own arrangements, subject toa veto power, none too secure nowadays, of the elders.In both the lower and the upper class elopements are not unknown and a girl, on account of whom a youngman has divorced his wife, is heard, without losing hersocial position, to reject the advice of kindred and ofpriest and to declare her right "to live her own life inher own way." So moves in Yucatan, and probably inother parts of the world, the change from society as anetwork of kinship groups, bound by traditional ties ofreciprocal rights and obligations, to society as a congeries of largely independent individuals.Similarly, a comparison of these four studies resultsin a description of the dwindling of the pagan deities ofrain and cornfield to the stature and relative unimportance of brownies or goblins, and at last, in the city, tobecome shadowy personae in tales told for the entertainment of children. The shaman-priest, an essential leaderin the religious life of the village, becomes in the townsa black magician and performer of magical spells. Inthe villages sickness is often thought of as caused by alapse from piety, and piety is strongly identified withconformity to ritual. But in the town and especially inthe city, it is black magic or mere accidental misfortunethat is thought to cause disease. The road from primitive life to the city is a road away from the sacred andtoward the secular and the rational. Stated in suchgeneral terms, this study in Yucatan may contribute toour understanding of the nature of civilization as distinguished from primitive or folk life.To the left we see a typical interior in Xanla, the village next to Chan Kom. To the right is a group of ivomenfrom a village near Clian Kom, making tortillas for the fiesta.THE PRICE OF PEACEBy HARRY D. GIDEONSE, Associate Professor of EconomicsWAR is a trait in our culture. Anyone that hassentimental notions about Christian nations inrespect to this problem, should pick up the nearest history book. Peace — historically — is merely an interval between this war and the next. We smile withsuperiority at Hitler's "German Christians," but our ownchurches gave their blessing to our past wars, and clannish symbols continue to be displayed in the temples ofa nominally universal religion.War is undermining our civilization. The ravageswrought by a war that took place twenty years ago, stillcover the daily papers. Economic nationalism — causedby war and breeding new war — is narrowing the baseof our economic life, lowering the standards of living,and throwing our unemployed youth at the mercy ofunscrupulous demagogues. Our economic institutionsare based upon the assumption of world trade. Theinternational division of labor made large populationgrowth and increasing standards of living possible. Nowthe trend is reversed. Everywhere politics is narrowingthe economic base of our society. It is the height ofpolitical wisdom to promote trade by strangling it. Nothing seems to be more international in its appeal. InJapan and Germany the inevitable political conclusions ofnational self-sufficiency are casting their shadows overthe immediate future.There are those who argue that isolation is theroad to peace. Trade promotes conflict — they argue —therefore let us abolish trade. A mere thought of thelong list of commodities that we do not produce athome, suffices to discredit the entire notion. Countriesthat could not supplement their own resources in peaceful trade with others would strive for self-sufficiencywithin the boundaries of their own sovereign government. Thus self-sufficiency would promote imperialism,and inevitable conflict between competitive autarchicalunits. The Japanese adventure in Manchuria is a perfect illustration of the sort of peace that national self-sufficiency helps to promote. Similar events are in preparation in Europe.Trade makes for contact, and therefore for conflict—unless machinery is set up to adjudicate the disputes.When a citizen of Chicago invests money in New Mexico, he takes the risks of the law of that state. Wellrecognized political and judicial machinery handles thedisputes that may arise from infringement of his property rights. If the investment happened to be on theother side of the boundary line — that is to say, in Mexico— the issue suddenly flares up in international politics."An injury to the citizen is an injury to the state/' saysthe rule of international law. In the one case the individual carries his case through properly establishedmachinery, in the other a conflict is changed from aprivate to a public dispute. The communist brethrenclaim that war is inevitable under capitalism, but in thiscase clearly the conflict threatens because of the absence of political machinery rather than the nature of economic institutions. There is capitalism all around, butin the Illinois-New Mexico case political habits and institutions make war unlikely, while they make it probablein the Illinois (U. S.) -Mexico case."Entangling Alliances"This is no time to mince words. Within the next decade millions of young men all over the world are likelyto make the traditional futile sacrifices for ideals thatwill seem as musty within another decade as the warideals of 1914-18 seem to us today. People who tell usthat we should engage in world trade, but "avoid all entangling alliances" are practically saying that we shouldengage in activities that make conflict inevitable butavoid all participation in arrangements for the settlement of ensuing disputes. In other words : such peopleare preaching a repetition of our behavior in the lastwar. Some say that next time a world war starts weshall be wise enough to stay out. We thought that in1914 too. We still thought it in 1916. The inevitablecontacts and conflicts of an interdependent society drewus into the conflict almost in spite of ourselves. It willbe so next time unless we are prepared to make sacrifices for peace.Peace in a complex and interdependent world meansorganization. Organization means responsibilities as wellas privileges. The humble beginnings in Geneva andthe Hague point the way. Thus far this country hassabotaged these efforts. The World Court — endorsed byevery president of the United States since TheodoreRoosevelt — is still awaiting its American adherence onminimum terms. The tablet perpetuating the memoryof Woodrow Wilson's contribution is still the only official reminder of the existence of the United States inthe capital of the League of Nations.Comprehensive OrganizationTo those who are forever confusing isolated symptoms — yesterday disarmament or the "outlawry of war,"today munitions or international bankers — with fundamental causes, we must reiterate that the remedy lies mthe direction of comprehensive organization of the entirezone of international conflict, so that the new facts ofeconomic interdependence will find an appropriate political and administrative framework.The final argument of the people who are "for thetested ideas of the past" is that these new internationalorganizations are "against our tradition." The testedideas of the past were indeed tested and found wantingin one international conflict after another. The traditionis war — and there are no traditional ways of killing atradition.135136PLANTING THE QUADRANGLESThe University's Landscape Gardening Program _____• By BEATRIX FARRAND, Consulting Landscape Gardener to the UniversityA LITTLE more than five years ago, a group of theUniversity authorities in charge of the buildingsand grounds began a careful and ordered studyof the campus in general, with a view to formulatingsome sort of plan which might slowly be developed intoa practical working scheme for the whole Universityunit. Since all artistic outdoor arrangements must bebased on study of the actual conditions of the site, theseconditions were carefully considered over a series ofmonths before actual work was begun. First the sizeand shape of the campus were observed. Simplicity oftreatment was imposed by the lines of the monumentalbuildings, impressive in their mass and general rhythmiceffect, spaced along both sides of the dignified stretch ofthe Old World's Fair Midway. The wide, tree-borderedgrass panel gave of itself a spaciousness which allowedclose grouping of adjoining buildings elsewhere withoutan appearance of undue crowding.In the various spaces surrounding the different hallsor dormitories, adverse conditions of smoke chargedcity air and thin sandy soil had to be faced, -and plantingsuggestions made to meet, rather than quarrel with theseunfriendly elements. Voluminous notes were made ofapparently successful plantations in adjoining parks, andlists drawn up of plant possibilities based on native material and aliens which had withstood like hard usage.The plan of the campus walks was next considered,primarily as to whether the existing ones met the actualtraffic needs and whether the buildings most used by thelargest number of students were adequately served bywide means of access and ample pavedi spaces. A preliminary review of existing trees and shrubs was made :first, as to condition of plants and position ; next, as towhether they were of movable size ; and last, if negligibleas to quality. After these preliminary studies had beenmade, it was decided to make a start on the surroundingsof one building and to plant this one unit with as goodplants and as favorable soil conditions and as much careas possible.The Sunny Gymnasium was appropriately chosenfor the warming-up canter of the planters, in orderto prove the value of good material, well grown and carefully dug; the Yale authorities generously made a giftof some of their University nursery surplus Forsythiasto the start of the planting1 enterprise at the Universityof Chicago. These sturdy shrubs, well-rooted and grownin rows more widely spaced than are economically possible in a commercial nursery, showed the superior qualityof plant material not grown primarily for cheap sale, andemphasized the need for a University nursery. Theplants used around the Sunny Gymnasium were quicklyeffective and actually bloomed the year they were set out,as they have in each succeeding year.The two new units of George Herbert Jones Laboratory and Eckhart Hall next fell into the hands of the planters and in spite of steam tunnels and peculiarlyrecalcitrant soil these two group plantings have thrivenso unexpectedly well that already thinnings of both plantations have been not only advisable but necessary. Thesevarious attempts have taught the need of meticulouscare in the digging and planting of any tree or shrub,and the realization that plants are a good deal like icebergs, in that half or two-thirds of the whole is hiddenbelow the earth or the sea, and that the "business end" isout of sight, but should never be out of mind.The first large University building erected on thesouth side of the Midway was the group of Men's Residence Halls. The dignified structural lines of this groupand its isolated position allowed a planting of slightlydifferent character from those already set out on the oldcampus. The spacious courts and large sunny openingto the south justified a freer and more generous scalethan would be effective in more crowded surroundings.A hedge of red- twigged dogwood was planted on thenorth side of the building to give color in winter towhat would possibly otherwise be dreary and ratherstony-looking. The court walks were edged with creeping honeysuckle, intended to be kept neatly trimmed, asa walk border, and as an added implied polite suggestion to walk on the pavement and not on the grass.A couple of trees in each quadrangle were thoughtsufficient for ultimate shade and different species ofspring flowering cherries or plums were used either asfree standing small trees or shrubs or else were trainedvertically on the walls. The wall training method wasadapted from the more regular and formal system oftraining fruit trees known as espaliering, and has provedeffective in giving color and texture to wall surfaceswithout muffling or unduly veiling architectural form.The courts were not encumbered with groups of scattered plants, but such accents as entrances and stepswere emphasized by dwarf pines, formally trained trees,or clipped shrubs.On the south side of the Men's Residence, the sunnyterraces seemed designed to invite the student out ofdoors. Below the terraces groups of lilacs of differentvarieties and species were arranged to act both as aframe to the building and a screen to the playing fieldand its tennis courts still further to the south.An entirely different problem was presented by theOriental Institute, a compact building, closely surroundedby others, and a near neighbor to the Chapel with itssplendid simple lines of nave and tower. An attemptwas made in the surroundings of the Institute to carryout the idea of Oriental reserve on the street front, contrasting with a more complex geometrical scheme in thecourt planting. Small quantities of framing plants wereused on the highway or public sides of the building,and these were, whenever possible, chosen from Asiaticmaterial, hardy enough to endure the dramatic variations of the American climate.137138 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE*ttGroundsmen Smith and Deckselis at workin front of Cobb Hall.Siberian privetfrom the Amurriver, with witherods from Manchuria and oneor two sorts ofhardy creepersfrom NorthChina and Japando not, perhaps.compensate forthe absence o fpalms, fig treesand olives, butthey at least arenatives of thesame great andvaried continent.In the court, formal grouping has been made ofclipped shrubs and trees designed primarily as architectural accents; square panels of poplars fill in the largerwall spaces and primly trimmedhedges surround four little enclosuresdesigned as frames for later displayof some of the hard stone objectsfrom the collections which may provesuitable for outdoor exhibition. Acentral, dome-shaped privet groupfills a raised base which in less austere climates would contain water, —a sparkling jet of fountain with itsrefreshing sound.Nothing living or growing ischangeless, so the plantations in thevarious groups of buildings mustconstantly be reviewed and renewed.Normal wear and tear as well asdamage often innocently or heedlessly done by passing hands and feetmust be repaired and overgrownplants replaced or pruned, whilesluggards must be stimulated or replaced by those moreenergetic.The repair of University grounds is as much neededas the upkeep of buildings, and untidiness or slovenliness in management is quite as noticeable out of doorsas it is within. Outdoor beauty and fitness is withoutquestion an often overlooked or neglected adjunct toeducation. Many a mind carries into the outside worldimpressions of neatness, appropriateness or attractiveness which have been half-unconsciously stamped uponit during student years.In order to provide a reservoir of plants from whichto draw for replacement, -a University nursery wasclearly needed, as plants grown for competitive sale areseldom given as much space for root and branch room asis required for the production of graceful and well-furnished growth.Various considerations had to be taken into accountin the selection of a piece of ground suited to this usefor the University: Where could a plot of fertile soilbe found nearby and accessible by good roads, so thatdigging and planting might be done in the same day withTransplanting a Hawthorn tree in thwinter time.consequent prevention of loss from sun and wind driedroots ; next, what would be the cost to the University ofacquiring such a plot if it did not already own one; last,what method of nursery upkeep could be devised whichwould be both efficient and economical?With these problems in mind, a group from the University went to see Mr. Godshalk, the Superintendent ofthe Morton Arboretum, to ask his advice, with an unspoken hope that possibly Mr. Morton, himself, wouldsee them and listen to their eager questions. Mr. Godshalk arranged a meeting with Mr. Joy Morton, andhe quickly appreciated the invaluable service his organization could lend to the University. Before many weekshad passed, a working agreement on generous terms satisfactory both to Mr. Morton and to the University hadbeen drawn up and actual planting started in the richproductive soil. Although the University nursery isstill young, it has already produced several thousand plants which have been used on the campus.It owes much to Mr. Godshalk's constant help and enthusiasm.Since Mr. Morton's death, hisdaughter, Mrs. Joseph M. Cudahy,Chairman of the Board of the Arboretum, has with equal generosityconsented to continue the arrangements made by her father for the useof a small but sufficient acreage inperfect tilth for the University growing ground. In this little plot, hundreds of inexpensive small plants areset out and are grown to various useful sizes.Evergreens of moderate size areneeded for wear and tear replacement and for gradual transformationof various deciduous plantations inorder to add winter color to certaindull groups. Large shrubs are beinggrown for use where certain positionsseem to demand immediate effect.Trees of various sizes are being produced, all of whichwill be used on the campus, either to replace some ofthe battered old veterans which have become unsightlyor to start new avenues ; these are carefully designedand are to beplanted in accordance withthe simplifiedc a m p u s planadopted in prin-c i p 1 e by thetrustees of theU n i v e r s ity acouple of yearsago.This newcampus planpreserves all theold axes of thecampus and allthe old trees in Hu„ ^ „ beds are we||good condition every alumnus. known toTHE UNIVERSITY OFA flowering cherry trained on the wall at Judson Court, brings anearly touch of spring.and beauty. Additional walks have been added wherecareful observation has demonstrated the need for them.No alteration is made in a walk or paved space untilclose watch of traffic conditions shows it to be not onlydesirable from the point of view of design, but alsofrom the utilitarian standpoint.Gradually the standard of upkeep is being raised.The trees and shrubs are better pruned. Turf is bettercared for, and when worn is replaced by sod brought infrom the University sod field.Before long, a differentiation of the various buildinggroups of the University will be started. In a certainspace plants of the lilac family will be used, such asthe apparently unrelated ash tree, lilac and privets. Another area will have plants of the rose family predominating over other sorts, and here spiraeas, cherries, rosesand thorns will be used to display the different forms offlowers to be found in this infinitely varied family.The older University units are being studied andplans made to grow trees or shrubs for the remodelingof superannuated plants and each month brings newproblems to be solved or old ones to be re-studied. Thework is bewilderingly varied : spaces must be made readyfor small children's school gardens as well as plantingfor the surroundings of Stagg Field. Incessant teaparties must be provided with adequate space in theallied unit of International House Court. Tennis courtalignment fences and parking space enclosures must bemade neat and as attractive as may be. The Hospitalgrounds must be cared for and the huge bulk of buildings made less stony in appearance by some simple groupsand lines of green. CHICAGO MAGAZINE 139A resident of the Court inspects the planting. Note the littleevergreens at the corner.Hull Court in the old campus had to be replanted,as the good original design had grown into a tangle ofmatted plants. The best and finest specimens in thisplantation were retained and the weedy ones taken out,space being gained thereby for larger groups of irisand aquatic plants than had previously been possible.The excellently planned groups at the Chapel have beencared for and additional evergreens added to the bankssurrounding the site.As the Yerkes Observatory at Williams Bay is apart of the University it is also included in the work ofthe planting group, and studies are being made for plantations around the main buildings as well as larger groupsin the outlying grounds.In the early days of the work, when trying to feelthe way, the wise counsel of Mr. Martin A. Ryersonwas frequently asked and always freely given. Manyof his suggestions are being carried out as quickly asplants or funds are available, and his approval of thenew campus plan when it was submitted gave heart toits originators.A greenhouse on the campus formerly devoted toother uses has been turned over to the gardening groupand each year several thousand ground cover plants areproduced from cuttings made from the University's ownplantings of vinca, pachysandra and speedwell. Theseground cover plants are used in the many places wheregrass cannot be made to grow and yet where the useof a green ground mat is imperative. Cuttings are madeof evergreens and when well established and able tocope with out-of-door conditions, are sent to the University nursery at the Arboretum.140 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThe organization has grown in accomplishmentthough not increased in numbers. The appointment ofMr. Wayne H. Laverty, a graduate of the School ofLandscape Architecture of the University of Michigan,as Landscape Gardener, has been of the greatest value.He has quick appreciation of the opportunity for goodwork and hearty willingness to cooperate with all thevarious related groups. His enthusiasm is tireless andhis trained supervision of the whole gardening unit haslifted it to the rank of a technically well-organized groupof workers.Understanding support could be counted on fromthose interested in the appearance of the University outdoor settings and appeals to the Consulting Architect,Mr. Emery B. Jackson, or the Superintendent ofGrounds, Mr. Lyman R. Flook, and his associate, Mr.Lester S. Ries, have never gone unheeded. Impossibilities have been assimilated apparently as easily as recommended by the White Queen in "Alice".The little group of planters owes much also to thesympathetic attitude of the President and the Vice President and to Mr. Lloyd R. Steere, who has seemed nevertoo busy to hear accounts of enterprises undertaken orprojected and who patiently listens to schemes for accomplishing more planting each year on a minimumbudget.Mr. Thomas E. Donnelley, Chairman of the Com mittee on Business Affairs, has often been asked to helpand never in vain. His sympathetic aid and vitalizinginterest have stimulated the planting group to doingeven better than possible.There is much to be done in the way of study oflocal conditions, and many experiments should be madeon a modest scale to determine the fitness of plants forcertain uses. Native trees and shrubs should be triedunder city conditions and many sorts considered nothardy may prove themselves more tolerant of cold andsmoke, or heat and drought, than now seem likely subjects. Progress is bound to be slow in accomplishing thevarious effects in view, but gardeners are a patient andpersistent folk, satisfied if they feel they are producinggood plants destined to be well used for the pleasure andeducation of those who live among them."As long as grass grows and water runs" those whowork on the problems of trying to fit lovely surroundings to a great university, will try year by year, by improved workmanship and higher artistic and horticulturalstandards, to make their part of the University gift toits students a lasting memory of beauty, orderliness andfitness. Trees do not grow overnight, and transformations are not made by waving a fairy wand. It takesyears of constant effort to accomplish the larger resultsfor which those in charge of the University plantingwill not cease to strive.Carl Mack, head gardener, looking over some of the young ones in the Buildings and Grounds Greenhouse.PREPARING TEACHERS• By HENRY W. PRESCOTT, Chairman, Department of LatinTWO years ago, at its own suggestion, the Schoolof Education ceased to exist. The Department ofEducation took over certain features of the Schoolof Education, but in the main the Department of Education became a graduate department devoted chieflyto research. Members of the staff who had previouslybeen giving work in the techniques of teaching varioussubjects were transferred to the particular departmentson the campus whose interests they served. Thus thetraining of secondary school and other teachers requireda new type of administrative supervision.It was apparent that the needs of prospective teachers should be intelligently considered. The Senate of theUniversity immediately appointed a committee to organize and unify the instruction available for the properpreparation of teachers. At any given moment there areprobably about a thousand students who fall, in part,under the jurisdiction of this committee. During the pastyear, tentative plans for the preparation of prospectiveteachers in the secondary schools were elaborated andthose plans were presented to the Senate for approvallast spring. In the present year they are in operation,subject to such modifications as experience may dictate.The alumni may well be interested in the general policyof the committee and in the results of its deliberations.Of prime importance is the negative fact that theUniversity must not become a Normal School. The problem, however, of meeting the needs of prospective teachers without interfering with the other purposes of theUniversity is not easy to solve. The difficulties are bothexternal and internal.Over the external difficulties the University has nocontrol. They are: (1) The bewildering variety, inquantity and quality, of requirements imposed by stateand regional authorities: quantitatively they vary froma rare minimum of about twelve to over twenty semesterhours of work in education. The variety in the amountof academic work in a special field is equally apparentbut does not offer so great a hindrance. (2) The constantly increasing demand, by high school principals andsuperintendents of schools, that high school teachersshall have the master's degree. (3) The practical necessity of teaching at least two subjects in the high schoolcurriculum; at present there is, in general, a tendencyto break down departmental barriers so that teachersmust be equipped to teach fields of knowledge, such asnatural sciences, or social sciences, rather than specificsubjects, such as physics or chemistry. This conditionmakes breadth, as well as depth, essential to the preparation of competent teachers.The diversity in the requirements of state and regional authorities outside the university is matched byan equal variation in the internal conditions. The Divisions of Physical and Biological Sciences include a comparatively small number of students interested in teaching; in the main the constituency in these divisions is headed toward pure research or a medical school or applied science ; but the number of prospective teachers isonly "comparatively" small; it constitutes a very respectable minority. These divisions have naturally statedtheir requirements for the degrees largely in terms ofpreparation for research. The Division of Social Sciences, with the conspicuous exception of the Departmentof Geography, and, to a less extent, of the Departmentof History, seems not to have realized that its constituency includes a large number of prospective teachers,and that the curriculum of the high schools is beingmore and more "socialized/ ' calling for teachers in thefield of social studies whose competence should extendover the fields of sociology, economics, and political science. The Division of the Humanities, on the otherhand, has for some years met the facts of its peculiarsituation. In addition to a respectable minority of students interested in research, the majority of students inthis division are looking forward to teaching languagesand literature, music and the plastic arts, in the highschools and colleges. In most of the departments, therefore, requirements for the master's degree have beenframed with some consideration of the needs of suchstudents, although there is no conspicuous uniformity inthis respect. The great difficulty in these internal conditions may be illustrated, very simply, from the standpoint of the student, in these terms : an ambitious teacherin a high school, stimulated by an intelligent principal,decides to come for a year to the University of Chicagoto increase his competency in his chosen subject. Onarrival he finds that all his work for the master's degreeis so planned as to equip him for further work for thedoctorate; at the end of his year he doubtless has adeeper knowledge of his subject, but it may be the kindof depth that is of no immediate service in his high schoolteaching. His year seems to him largely wasted. Manifestly, the University should not defeat its other purposes by exclusively considering his interests. Manifestly, also, wherever it is possible, a given departmentmay well be asked if it cannot provide him with a program of work which shall at least in some measure satisfy his individual needs without disturbing the mainfunction of the University and of the department.These external and internal problems have beententatively solyed by the committee in the followingfashion. First, the programs of work for the prospectiveteachers have been planned within the framework of theexistent requirements for the master's degree. Candidates for the bachelor's degree may obtain positions asteachers; as they have hitherto, through recommendations from individual members of the faculty in cooperation with the Bureau of Vocational Guidance andPlacement. But the Committee on the Preparation ofTeachers assumes responsibility, on behalf of the University, only for candidates for the master's degree andwill provide such candidates with a certificate stating141142 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEthat the recipient of the degree has satisfactorily metthe requirements imposed by the committee. Of thiscertificate more will be said later.Secondly, the Committee accepts whatever definitionof academic requirements in a chosen department or division is proposed by the department or division. Itdeclines to interfere with the primary function of theUniversity or any of its parts, But, during the last year,through the sympathetic and effective cooperation ofdepartments and divisions and the energetic efficiencyof the Executive Secretary of the Committee, conferenceand discussion have brought about some simple modifications in the requirements for the master's degreewhich meet the needs of teachers. In general, the trendof the changes is toward facilitating the preparation ofteachers of two or more subjects. The University hasnever failed to emphasize depth of training in a givensubject; the modifications enable the student to developbreadth without sacrifice of depth. In this way we hopeto provide teachers who may competently teach physicsand chemistry, biology as well as physical sciences, twolanguages rather than one. And above all, we are concerned with breadth of general education, which mustbe acquired before the prospective teacher enters uponthe study of a special subject or field.In the third place, the professional requirement ofcourses in education has been set quantitatively at fromfour to five majors; this satisfies the demands of stateand regional authorities that require fifteen or eighteensemester hours. On the qualitative side it is impossibleto satisfy the requirements in the various states in theunion. Even before the new organization was established the Department of Education in the Universityhad improved the content of the courses offered, andunder the direction of Professor William S. Gray hadset up new courses in practice teaching in cooperationwith the school authorities of the City of Chicago.In our new organization almost every departmenton the campus which is represented in the high schoolcurriculum offers two courses in the technique of teaching the departmental subject; one of these courses isexposition of the methods of teaching that subject; theother, carried on at the same time, involves practiceteaching in selected high schools of Chicago under thesupervision of the instructor in the expository course.These two courses provide for the primary subject. Theprospective teacher is advised also to take an expositorycourse in the methods of teaching the second subject(without the practice teaching in that subject). Thetotal professional requirement, therefore, includes:Education 201 (Survey of American Educationwith special emphasis on secondary education).Education 210 (Educational Psychology).Exposition of Methods in Primary Subject.Practice teaching in Primary Subject.And to these four majors is added the recommendation of a fifth major devoted to exposition of methods in the secondary subject. In accord with the New Planthe prospective teacher will be given a short compre-hensive test based on these four majors.Obviously, this professional equipment will not meetthe demands in every state in the union; quantitativelyit meets the average requirement. Such deficiencies asthere may be on the qualitative side we hope may bewaived by state and regional authorities, in time atleast, in consideration of our earnest effort, in general,if not in particular, to prepare competent teachers forservice in the secondary schools. And it is for thepurpose of facilitating such charitable treatment by thevarious external authorities that the committee providesa recipient of the master's degree who satisfies the committee's requirements with a certificate indicating thatJohn Doe has met the requirements regarded by thecommittee as necessary to the competent teaching ofsuch and such a subject in the high school. This certificate will cover only the primary subject; the employerwill be furnished with information regarding the student's attainments in the second subject, but the committee will assume responsibility only for the primarysubject.It may be helpful to recapitulate in terms of theconditions under which this certificate will be granted:A: The attainment of the master's degree in thedepartment which represents the student's maininterest.B : The passing of a comprehensive test based onthe material of Education 201 and 210 and twomajors in the technique of teaching the primary subject.C: Evidence, obtained through reports from theinstructing staff and from interviews with thecommittee, that the personality of the applicant offers no essential hindrance to success inhis chosen profession.A fifth major in the technique of teaching the secondarysubject, and a minimum of from six to nine majors inthe same subject, are recommended; and the facts regarding this second subject will be reported to the employer.It should be observed that candidates for the bach-.elor's degree may still obtain positions through the Boardof Vocational Guidance and Placement. The University,however, officially assumes responsibility only for theholders of these certificates. In the cases of transferstudents from other institutions, every effort will bemade to adapt their programs of work to this newplan ; for example, students who have already had yearsof experience as teachers will not be expected to meetall the professional requirements if the committee canobtain evidence of their professional competence.The certificates are available, beginning with theend of the Spring Quarter, 1935. Under ProfessorGray's efficient management, the machinery of this newplan is already well oiled and in working order.CREATIVE PERSONALITIESTHERE recently appeared, in the alumni magazineof one of the eastern universities, a very interesting article by one of its leading professors andadministrative officers, entitled Influence. He beginswith quotations from three typical letters from parentsor graduates, expressing their hopes and fears as to thekind of personal influence their sons will receive at college from their teachers, outside their class-room relationship. He thinks this solicitude is natural and right,but that the question it raises is one which college officersare often "frankly afraid to touch." "No man with agrain of decency likes to talk about himself as an influence or to measure the influence of his colleagues, so wejust pretend the question is not there or else we ride ahigh horse and say, 'This is a university, not a hospitalor a Sunday school. Our object is to inspire strong men,not to coddle weaklings. If a man is not sufficientlymature to have developed his own standards of conduct,he should not come here but go to some other placemore fitted to administer tender nurture to the morallyfeeble.' It is very easy for us to talk in this way, butit does not settle the question and it does not soothe theanxious parent or graduate."Then he takes up the familiar thesis maintained byso many students and faculty, that this whole questionof extra-academic personal influence is just nobody'sbusiness. "There is something very alluring about thispoint of view, that the only element to be considered inchoosing a teacher is his ability to teach and his desireto do so. I have a suspicion, however, that, as a matterof fact, this is a case where we are deceived by oversimplification of a problem. I am not at all sure that astudent's statement that he has no interest in a teacher'smoral standards will bear close examination. Let it befelt that an instructor marks unfairly or treats his favorite pupils on a different basis from others, and allthe most alluring characteristics of sweet Sir John Falstaff or Don Juan will not save his popularity. . . .Let it be reported that he has repudiated a so-called debtof honor or cheated at cards and nothing shall save him.I suspect, in fact, that when any boy says that he has nointerest in a teacher's standards of conduct he meansthat he has a private list of transgressions which he iswilling to forgive, but that he would be puritanicallysevere against other lapses which affected him personallyor violated his private code."A few days ago, in a conversational group, one ofour own younger teachers was lamenting that here atthe University we had no outstanding personalities. Agraduate of the University immediately and vigorouslyobjected. Had he forgotten Richard G. Moulton, whofor a generation helped to make the intellectual climateof the place? Or the three men who had gone fromour faculty to become presidents elsewhere : Angell atYale, Vincent at Minnesota, Wilkins at Oberlin? No,he had not realized that they had ever been here . . .But at any rate we had no picturesque and unforgettable • By CHARLES W. GILKEY, Dean of the Chapelpersonalities, like Copey at Harvard for instance. . . .The graduate immediately asked if he had forgottenFreddy Starr. Of course if he had known Starr henever could have forgotten him ; that squat round figurewith short jacket and rolling gait, and a way all his ownin the class-room, no matter what he called the course.Elizabeth Wallace, herself a combination of wisdom andcharm that made her one of our creative personalitiesuntil to our infinite loss she went away to become aprofessor emeritus long before her time, remarked onlylast week when she was here that as she met our graduates all over the country, she was deeply impressed withwhat so many of them said to her about Starr's influenceover them. In her time some of his colleagues hadsometimes been a bit condescending about Starr's scholarship and his courses: but now these graduates aretelling her over and over that it was Starr who brokethem out in new spots and got them really started onnew ways of thinking.Does this mean then that we had no picturesque personalities left after Starr retired years ago? Fortyclasses of Chicago men and women who have seen ashort, square-shouldered figure, with shaggy head anddeep-lined features, standing bare-headed and alone atthe edge of the gridiron watching the play, will answerthat if ever an American university had a picturesquepersonality in its midst, there he was among us fortyyears.At the Trustees' dinner to the Faculties a few yearsago, the spokesman for the Board, himself an alumnus,had written to his fellow-alumni on the Board askingwhich of their teachers had most deeply influenced themwhile they were students here; and in his speech hequoted from their letters. The President of the Board,in a very significant letter, spoke of his debt to CharlesR. Henderson, who had shaped his thinking and feelingon all questions involving human relationships. Thatletter, which many others might have written also, addsnew weight to the inscription on his memorial tabletyonder in the nave: "Beloved of students and colleagues." The Vice-President of the University at thattime wrote of the quickening influence upon him of thegreat creative personality who was the intellectual andinstitutional founder of this University — whose ashesrest yonder behind the reredos — William Rainey Harper.If that same letter had gone to our women graduates,how many of them would have written of Myra Reynolds? If to our Law School alumni, would not almostevery reply have mentioned Ernst Freund ?If you have ever visited the Grand Canyon, youremember that the time to see it at its best is not atnoon, when the high sun beats pitilessly down upon themuddy river in its depths; but rather toward evening,when the light comes level across the desert to bring outits color instead of drowning it, and the purple shadowsfill it full of mystery to the brim. So is it with mountainranges also. The white shoulders of the Jungfrau are143144 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEnever so lovely in the full light of noon, as when sheflings her rose-colored veil about them at sunset. Solikewise influence is not best recognized or understoodin the high light of the present. More often than notwe do not recognize or appreciate it at the moment, orknow who is it of our teachers or mates who is influencing us most deeply. But in retrospect, looking backacross the years and the decades, the personalities thathave influenced us most stand out above the foothillslike Pike's Peak from Colorado Springs.Nor are we often able to rationalize or explain suchinfluence. Still less can we manipulate it. Those whodeliberately go out to win influence, whether they arethe young instructors who throw wet parties for undergraduates in order to win for themselves swift popularity, or are on the other hand zealots like the hero ofThornton Wilder's new book who press their pieties andmoralities upon other people until they "end up by hatingthe very sight of his too, too wholesome face"- — suchschemers for influence usually find sooner or later, thattheir technique is wrong. Thirty years ago I heardWoodrow Wilson say to a little group of students atPrinceton that there is no more priggish business thancultivating one's own character: character, he went on,is a by-product, developed in service. He might havesaid the same thing about influence. It also is a byproduct, and those who have most of it often know leasthow they got it.Responses From Radio ListenersFrom Austin H. Parker"My dear Dr. Gilkey :We were interested in your remarks this morningabout Dr. Frederick Starr, and want to share with youthis clipping which came to us from Tokio.We admired him with others whom you mentioned.May 1935 be a happy year for you and yours."Prom The Osaka Mainichi, November 11, 1934:"Coincident with the Armistice Day Anniversary, amonument in honor of the late Dr. Frederick Starr wasProfessor Starr at Diamond Lake, Illinois, In 1916, when he visitedJ. V. Nash '15. unveiled today at the foot of Mt. Fuji, Subashirimura,Sunto-gun, Shizuoka prefecture."The ceremony was attended by about 400 persons,including Viscount Makoto Saito, ex-premier. The program began at 12:30 M."Viscount Saito, for many years a friend of thelate 'Ofuda Hakase,' delivered an impressive ten minute address."He said that although he had known the name'Ofuda Hakase' for many years he really came to havea close friendly association with Prof. Starr in 1926while he was in Chosen as Governor General."Since then they had met once or twice every yearand talked over many things, which deepened theirfriendship. In 1933 they had a 'delightful and quitelengthy conversation in Tokyo, and it was our last meeting.'"Viscount Saito praised the straightforward character of the late American scholar and his thoroughunderstanding of Japan and the Japanese. In talking onmatters of political, social, religious or educational natureProfessor Starr had always expressed his opinions boldly,the statesman said, and he usually found them of greatvalue."At the conclusion of his speech, Viscount Saito saidthat there is a movement among the friends of Prof.Starr in Japan to establish a memorial library for theAmerican friend of Japan in order to preserve all thebooks on Japan and the Japanese which were writtenand collected by Prof. Starr."The unveiling of the monument was done in accordance with strict Shinto rites by Priests Sugiyama,Tamura, and Saito of the Sengen Shrine, near the monument site. The performance of the rites of purificationand summoning of the soul took place in an air of utmostsolemnity."Frank A. Schuler, Jr., attache of the AmericanEmbassy, representing Ambassador Joseph Clark Grew,delivered a brief address in which he said that he and allAmericans are glad to see this monument erected, whichwill be visited by tens of thousands of the climbers ofMount Fuji, the most beautiful mountain in the world."Sadae Eguchi, chairman of the Starr memorialmonument committee, member of the House of Peers,and ex-vice governor of the South Manchuria Railway,the moving spirit in erecting the monument, said in hisaddress that Prof. Starr advised Japanese not to besatisfied by imitating the materialistic side of westerncivilization, but to keep the best that Japan has possessed for centuries past."He praised the courage of the late Professor wholectured throughout the United States explaining thejust attitude of Japan in the Manchurian and Shanghaiincidents at a time when the American people maintaineddiverse views."Mr. Eguchi expressed his appreciation of the nationwide support given for erecting the monument, including that of 150 girls of the Fuji cotton spinningmill, each of whom contributed one sen from her earnings as an expression of thanks to Prof. Starr for hiswork in promoting Japan-America relations."The feature of his life, said Mr. Eguchi, was that(Continued on page 161)A VACUUM CLEANER|n a Furnace RoomBy HOWARD W. MORT, Editor, Tower TopicsTHERE should be a law, there ought to be a code,there should be something to protect a chunk ofcoal from being overworked! There's a limit toeverything, even to how much energy you can reasonably expect from a piece of coal. Before we air ourindignation further we will furnish you a setting forour conclusions.Imagine a mid- western city of 16,000 people wherethe temperature drops to fifteen or so below zero. Imagine this community without a single stove, furnace orcoal pile and yet every home as warm and comfortableas the most pleasant summer day. Sounds like"Heaven's Our Destination" doesn't it, Mr. Wilder?One mile from the center of the Quadrangles andacross the Midway, in the residential district of Woodlawn, stands an attractive six story building designed inan architecture bordering on the Gothic. No blacksmoke belches from the two modest chimneys of thebuilding and the grounds around it are spic and span.Inside we find an immaculate, high-vaulted room withhuge mechanisms on either side. The musical hum ofmachinery and the business-like movements of two (nomore, no less) neatly overalled attendants tells us thatsomething is being accomplished efficiently and systematically. There is no suggestion of escaping steam,there are no smoking pipes, no bursting flames nor dirtypiles of coal. We would hardly suspect that this is theUniversity of Chicago's central heating plant.Built a mile from the Quadrangles so that coal canbe delivered from the Illinois Central railroad cars (theykeep fifteen ten-ton trucks from cluttering up our frontyard every day) few people realize that this is the lifecenter of the University's physical equipment. Heat forthe buildings, steam and boiling water for the hospitals,dining halls, laboratories — all these and more— dependupon the rhythmic symphony in the Blackstone Planttwenty-four hours of every day.The aorta which leaves this huge heart is in theform of a tunnel eight feet wide and seven feet high.In crossing the Midway this tunnel is forced down below lake level and it comes to an end in front of thebookstore on Ellis Avenue more than a mile distant.By that time arteries and capillaries have spread fromit to all parts of the campus to a total of thirteen miles,servicing eighty buildings from the nine story International House to the one-story greenhouses. During thewinter months about three carloads of coal (150 tons)are burned daily.Now back to our over-worked chunk of coal. Chiefengineer Jensen is a hard taskmaster with coal. Howhard — you will see when you have followed this small,black, potential heat packet through its various tryingstages under his tutelage. From the car this chunk ofcoal drops into a funnel-hopper and onto a moving belt.There follows a series of indignities. The chunk is ^ir suddenly passed under a jet ofwater and, before it can regainits composure, dropped into acrusher. In this maelstrom ofrudeness its glossy, damp coatis sent flying in every direction,a few dark specks even flutterto the floor near the crusher(remember these specks — we'renot through with them).In a bucket conveyor ourshrunken bit of coal is soonswiftly ascending to the sixthfloor (eighth floor, as ordinaryoffice buildings go) where it again encounters a movingbelt. It is finally dumped unceremoniously into a mainbunker in company with enough other small chunks tomake up thirty carloads of crushed coal. There is abreathing spell at this point but not for long — as timeis measured in the life of coal.Down — our chunk is dropped into a ten-ton larrywhich weighs and distributes the crushed mass into furnace hoppers feeding automatically onto a moving chaingrate. The little black chunk disappears into 2,600 degrees of heat to drop, half an hour later, in an a£hhopper, a lifeless and burned-out bit of vegetation.We reasonably expect a certain amount of heat energy from this process but our expectations — by nostretch of the imagination — measure up to those of ourfriend Jensen. The unit of heat from our chunk ofcoal drifts upward among the boiler tubes and finallyfinds the outlet which should logically lead to the chimney. That is all we have been taught to expect fromsuch a heat unit. But this ogre, Jensen, by no meanshas been satisfied. He's not sitting idly by to watch 600degrees of heat float casually out into Jackson Park!This heat gas must still pass through what he callsan Economizer. Here he circulates the hot air back andforth between tubes containing water. This water willthen be forced directly into the boilers already well onits way toward steam. By now the heat gas is rushingmadly for the nearest exit. Still the efficient Master'sappetite is not appeased. By means of suction fans hepulls this hot gas into a Preheater where this gas heatsthe air that is to be used in furnishing the draft underthe grates, thus securing the maximum heat energy fromthe next layer of coal.Of course the hot gas finally escapes but not until ithas worn itself down to a miserable 250 degrees. Eventhen our chief engineer robs it of its last respectabilityby furnishing only a sixty foot chimney up which it isexpected to ascend gracefully. In the good old days,before induced draft fans, there would have been athree hundred foot brick chimney in which the hot gascould have regained its composure.145146 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEThis chap, Jensen, is so jealous of every degree of heat trying to escape from the boiler thathe has set a Robot Chemist onduty to register, every two minutes, the chemical composition ofTff f Ff ! ! • tiie ascencnn& &as so t^iat every1" "'[I' heat unit is utilized. He is sostingy that he uses an almostinvisible jet of water to run the Robot and, finally, hehas rigged up a system of lights and horns so that anyirregularity that is about to take place on any floor inthe building will sound the warning even before ithappens. There just isn't any privacy anywhere!But, as Marc Antony would have said, "the mostunkindest cut of all" is when an attendant is sent downto the crusher with a vacuum cleaner to pick up thosethree coal dust particles that escaped the bin ; when theyare put in the coal hopper to be burned. This man'sefficiency knows no limits ! And he points with prideto his charts and meters which show that he loses lessthan y2% of the heat content of the steam betweenthe boilers and the Ellis Avenue tunnel terminal, a mileand 220 feet distant.Lest you get the wrong impression of this highlytrained chief engineer, we should add that Mr. Jensenis really a fine fellow. His main hobby away from theplant is working with the Boy Scout organization inthe city. He's been through about all the offices and,this month, was presented with the highest award ofrecognition — the Silver Beaver. He had the honor oflighting the first fire in the new furnaces when theywent into action October 29, 1929, and plans to mountthe lighter he used in a glass wall-case for posterity.He and his first assistant, Mr. Segeler, were very patient with us while spending hours of their valuabletime translating scientific terms into two syllable wordswe could understand. We are still in the dark about"c.c."s and "B.t.u."s but we do know something wedidn't know yesterday regarding the huge and importanttask of heating a great university from a central heatingplant.Does This Bring Back Memories?Mandel Hall is alive again! There's life in "themthar" drops. Musical laughter from carefree co-edsdrifts from the wings, mingled with the rhythmic tapsfrom the toes of a dozen dainty feet (back stage, center)seriously working to provide the complicated cadencebetween the soft, staccato chords from the little ladydraped before the pit piano.A leather- jacketed monkey (or is it a freshman?)hangs perilously by one arm from a steel cross-rodthirteen feet from the floor iltit, center) trying desperately to tighten the set screw- on the clumsy spot whichswings, pendulum-like, above the head of Mr. O'Harawho stands, feet apart and hands in hair, wanting toknown why he can't have the crash from the left wingsjust before the heroine cries "What's that terrible noise \"instead of thirty-seven seconds later after she hasswooned from what should have been the shock.The sound of hammers behind the scenes (center)comes from the two student carpenters tacking the can vas brick garden wall on thewooden frame in front of whichthe "Steppers" will gracefullydance on opening night (MarchDown front, in row C,Center, with his left foot restingon seat number 6, the janitorforeman for Group 5 is patiently and courteously explaining, with his right, open hand,to the student production manager the reasons — in a, b, corder — why he must insist that there be no smoking inMandel Hall except in the smoking-room. It is a cityfire ordinance and the department of Buildings andGrounds has no other alternative.Back in the dark, northeast corner of the hall ayoung lady is saying over and over again "On my account" — no — "On my account," trying earnestly to getthe accent on "my" while coordinating the gesture shehas been told is the only natural one for that emphasis.Four students huddle in muffled conversation in row M,Center, self-appointed pre-vue critics for an artisticproduction that, as yet, has not been synchronized.Mirror is well on the way to its tenth successfulannual production, March 1 and 2.February 7, ipi 4.The Football Rules Committee in session at NewYork made two minor changes in the rules. Coachesmay no longer roam up and down the side lines andno player may hide among the substitutes on the sidelines, in order to emerge suddenly as the receiver of aforward pass !The Washington PromFrom the year Bartlett Gymnasium was dedicateduntil 1919 the Washington Prom was always held inthe gymnasium. The appropriateness of the gymnasiumin the celebration of this man's birthday no doubt datesback to the afternoon that Washington won the all- Virginia discus throw by heaving a silver dollar across thePotomac into the cultivated fields of Maryland (unofficial). This record has never been equalled and leavesGeorge in an athletic class by himself.The decorations for the Proms that were held in Bartlett were elaborate and the main gymnasium floor washardly recognizable under its canopy of brilliant coloredcrepe paper, with cozy corners here and there and thehappy couples dancing to the music of the nation's mostpopular orchestras.It was all full dress in those days (the Dress SuitRental Co., 1224 Masonic Temple Building, always tooka half page ad in Cap and Gown) . Most of the boys paidextra and got silk hats which seldom fit perfectly butthat's where healthy ears served a purpose. Those whodidn't care to dance were admitted to the track for asmall charge where they could glimpse the festivitiesthru the overhanging decorations.At midnight all adjourned to Hutchinson Commonsfor supper. This explains the dragon-like canopy en-(Continued on page 163)147IN MY OPINION• FRED B. MILLETT, Ph D '3 1 , Associate Professor of EnglishTHE award of the 1934 Nobel prize for literatureto Luigi Pirandello, the dramatist of philosophicalrelativity, brings to mind again the fantastic history of this most famous of literary prizes. Its donor,Alfred Bernhard Nobel, a Swedish engineer, experimented with gelatin, balstite, and smokeless powder,developed and took out patents on petroleum and artificial gutta-percha, but is most widely known as the inventor of dynamite. It was on this latter invention thathis huge fortune was founded. Like other inventorsof improved methods of destruction, Nobel rationalizedhis activity on the familiar ground that if he could"produce a substance or a machine of such frightfulefficacy for wholesale devastation that wars shouldthereby become altogether impossible, ... all civilizednations would recoil and disband their troops." Thathis conscience made it impossible for him to regard thismethod as the only means of promoting world peace isapparent in the fact that one of the prizes to be awardedannually from the income of the bulk of his estate goesto the man who in the preceding year "shall have most orbest promoted the Fraternity of Nations and the Abolishment or Diminution of Standing Armies and the Formation and Increase of Peace Congresses." In addition tothe scientific awards in the field of Physics, Chemistry,and Medicine, a fifth award goes to the person who inthe preceding year "shall have produced in the field ofLiterature the most distinguished work of an idealistictendency." The will establishing the Foundation furtherdirects that "in the awarding of prizes, no considerationwhatever be paid to the nationality of the candidates,that is to say, that the most deserving be awarded theprize, whether of Scandinavian origin or not."The literary award consists of a gold medal bearingan inscription indicating the reasons for the assignmentof the prize and a sum of money amounting to upwardsof forty thousand dollars. The award is made by theSwedish Academy on recommendation of a speciallyappointed sub-committee.. Any member of any nationalacademy or any "teachers of aesthetics, literature, andhistory at universities and colleges" may recommendcandidates in writing to the sub-committee of the Swedish Academy.From 1901, the first year in which awards weremade, to 1934, the Nobel prizes in literature have beengranted to thirty-four authors. The omission of literaryawards in 1914 and 1918, due, one suspects, to the disturbed international atmosphere iri those years, has beenmade up for by the splitting of the award between Mistral and Echegaray in 1904 and between Pontoppidanand Gjellerup in 1917. The seriousness with whichNobel's injunction that the Academy should surmountinternational prejudices is taken is revealed by the factthat awards have been made five times to British, French,and German authors, thrice to Italian, Norwegian, andSwedish authors, twice to Danish, Polish, and Spanish authors, and once to an American, Belgian, Russian, andSwiss author. The specific recipients have been: American: Sinclair Lewis (1930); Belgian: Maeterlinck(1911); British: Kipling (1907), Tagore (1913),Yeats (1923), Shaw (1925), Galsworthy (1932) ; Danish: Pontoppidan (1917), Gjellerup (1917) ; French:Sully-Prudhomme (1901), Mistral (1904), Romain Rol-land (1915), Anatole France (1921), Bergson (1927);German: Mommsen (1902), Eucken (1908), Heyse(1910), Hauptmann (1912), Thomas Mann (1929);Italian: Carducci (1906), Deledda (1926), Pirandello(1934) ; Norwegian: Bjornson (1903), Hamsun (1920),Unset (1928); Polish: Sienkiewicz (1905), Reymont(1924); Russian: Bunin (1933); Swedish: Lagerlof(1909), von Heidenstam (1916), Karlfeldt (1931);Spanish: Echegaray (1904), Benavente (1922); Swiss:Spitteler (1919).On a number of occasions, the recipient of theaward has attracted attention by the manner of his acceptance. When Shaw received the award in 1925, herefused the prize money but accepted the medal. Finally,however, he agreed to hold the money until some worthypurpose for which it might be used should present itself. Within a few years, he used it to endow the Anglo-Swedish Literary Foundation, which should devote itsfunds to the translation of suitable works from Swedishinto English and from English into Swedish. In accepting the medal, he said that he had not written a linein the preceding year, and supposed that the prize wasgiven him for that reason.Since Sinclair Lewis was the first American to receivethe prize, the event inevitably attracted wide attention inthe English-speaking world. As he had been awarded,but had refused, the Pulitzer novel prize four yearsbefore, he was immediately interviewed as to his reasonsfor accepting the Nobel award. "The reason," he said,"is the enormous difference between the two prizes. TheNobel prize is an international prize with no strings toit. It is awarded on the basis of excellence of work. Thephrase 'idealistic tendency' has^come to be interpretedby the Swedish Academy as merely meaning that suchwork shall not be simply a commercial and machine-likeproduction reaching vast popularity." Inevitably therewere dissenting voices in America. Henry Van Dykeregarded the award as "a back-handed compliment toAmerica." Lewis' pungent criticism of the Americanpublic in his obligatory address before the Academy provoked further reverberations. But from another publicity expert, Bernard Shaw, it won approbation. "Imyself," he said, "have been particularly careful neverto say a civil word to the United States. And they justadore me and will go on adoring me until in a moment ofsenile sentimentality I say something nice about them,when they will at once begin to suspect me of being acheap skate after all and drop me like a hot potato."Fourteen novelists have received the Nobel award148THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 149in contrast to eight poets, five dramatists, four novelistsand dramatists, two philosophers, and one historian. Thisdistribution among types of literary work may be interpreted variously. It unquestionably indicates themodern taste for fiction in preference to other forms ofcreative expression. More significantly, it may be interpreted as indicating that the number of prominent modern novelists is much larger than, for instance, thenumber of prominent modern dramatists. Even more significantly, this distribution points to the superior international communicability of fiction, and the element ofcommunicability is of enormous importance in the awarding of a prize intentionally international in character.The dramatists who have received the award havemet the test of international criticism pretty satisfactorily.Echegaray, a sort of minor Ibsen, who brought Spaininto the current of the cosmopolitan drama, is now ofmerely historical importance. And Maeterlinck seemedof far greater importance in 1911 than he does today.He is unlikely to emerge from the obscurity that hassettled over his reputation as dramatist and thinker,though lovers of the neo-romantic drama will alwayscherish things as perfect in their kind as The Intruderand Pelleas and M'Slisande. Of the other living dramaticlaureates, few would question the judgment, suggestedby the Nobel awards, that Shaw, Hauptmann, Benavente,and Pirandello, are the best their respective countrieshave to offer in the drama today.The Nobel awards in the field of poetry have on anumber of occasions been seriously questioned. Thatcomplex and intricate linguistic appeal that is the veryessence of poetic expression finally resists translation. The Swedish poets in particular have suffered appallinglyat the hands of their American translators. The obstacleof incommunicability explains the slight internationalenthusiasm for the awards to Spitteler, von Heidenstam,and Karlfeldt. The latter poet, a member of the SwedishAcademy, himself delayed the award on the ground ofimpropriety and of his merely provincial reputation.Other poetic awards can be criticized on other grounds.Mistral was, and is, a philological curiosity, and theshrinking of Tagore's reputation to the vanishing pointhas betrayed the enthusiasm of his misty-minded devotees.Despite the difficulty of making an intelligent annual award in so immense and densely populated field ascontemporary international literature, the quality of theawards has in general been astonishingly high. Onereason for this high quality is the fact that the SwedishAcademy has usually deferred its award until the authorin question has become well established in the esteem,not only of their fellow-countrymen but of his cosmopolitan contemporaries. Such a postponement has beenalmost inevitable, although critics have been found tomaintain that the awards should encourage creative activity rather than crown a life's work. But it is difficultto see how the Academy could feel very much confidence in the significance of its awards if it conferredthem on the work of promising young men who mighteasily fail to live up to the expectations of their enthusiastic supporters. Talent unquestionably deservesevery form of encouragement, but international recognition should wait patiently for the demonstration ofgenius.oAn Alumna for the OperaWHEN AliceMary Baen-ziger, '32, sang theprincipal contraltorole of Handel'sopera, Xerxes, atthe University ofChicago productionthis month, it wasno amateur's performance on Mandelstage. For Alice Mary began heroperatic career almost immediatelyafter taking her college degree.Her musical training began veryearly, and her mastery of modernlanguages was aided by several yearsspent in Europe, one at the Lycee des Jeunes Filles at Versailles, twoin Milan, studying voice under theMaestro Emilio Piccoli, teacher ofSchipa, and one in Berlin, studyingwith Mme. Niesen-Stone, under thedirection of Johanna Gadski. Afterher freshman year at the University,she returned to Milan for anotheryear's work with Piccoli.In the University, Alice Mary wasa very active undergraduate, takingpart in the affairs of Gli Scapigliati,the Italian society on the quadrangles,and participating in staging two Italian plays. She "kept in practice"with her music, singing in the Choirand Madrigal Group under MackEvans' direction. When the Chicago Tribune's Music Festival was announced the summer after her graduation, friendspersuaded her to compete, and shewon both the district and the Chicago contests, being judged the bestsinger among the female voices. Inthe all-state contest she placedsecond.When the Chicago Opera reorganized for the 1932-33 season,Alice appeared in competitive auditions and was chosen as one of theyounger artists, appearing in thelesser contralto roles in many operas.She was selected again for the seasonjust finished, and since then has beendoing some concert singing.NEWS OF THE QUADRANGLES• By JOHN P. HOWE, '27PERIODICALLY this department of the Magazineis amused, wearied or irritated — probably more thelast — when that fine old phrase, "The Universityis a hotbed of Radicalism," rolls round anew. Most recently Representative Hamilton Fish, the nation's foremost exposer and denouncer of "subversive" people andideas, included the University of Chicago in a list of the"ten most radical universities in the United States," alist, incidentally, which with one or two exceptions mightdo for the ten most distinguished universities in the country. Generally the complaint comes verbally from asource several removes from contact with the campus ;it has, however, enough currency to warrant some discussion.It is our opinion that the University is a hotbed ofintelligence; and that, interestingly enough, since thatintelligence is completely free and takes within its purview all the forms of radicalism, the University remainsa stronghold of the democratic theory of governmentand way of life.The University as such, it goes without saying,takes no attitude on controversial questions. Try to delimit its aims and you end with (in addition to the pursuit of beauty, goodness and truth) the advancement ofknowledge, the training of students in critical intelligence,and the dissemination of knowledge, probably in that order. It seeks for its faculty scholars of distinction, orthe promise thereof, in research and/or teaching; itwill not discharge a faculty member except for incompetence, violation of the law or moral turpitude; it doesnot inquire into the personal convictions of its staff orstudents ; it helps them as much as possible and lets themalone as much as possible. It is convinced that the sinequa non of the higher learning is freedom of thoughtand expression. Its record with regard to academic freedom is probably unequaled, so that President Hutchinswas able to say proudly at the recent Trustees' dinnerfor the Faculty, "We breathe the freest air on this continent." Yet the University expects that in the formalrelations between teacher and student (and this is particularly applicable in the social sciences) all controversialtopics touched upon will be treated objectively, critically,without bias. That this is in fact the practice there canbe little doubt.Such being the situation, it is next to impossiblefor any one person to say what is the consensus of theUniversity on any major issue. And these observations are necessarily purely "personal, based on our ownlongish but rather sketchy, unsystematic acquaintancewith the ideas of University people. They are presentedpurely in the interest of accuracy, and with no greatknowledge on our part of the merits of the social argument.Radicalism is hard to define. Without quibblingover the dictionary meaning of "thoroughgoing, fundamental," we can limit it to mean that outlook on social questions which calls for extreme deviations from thestatus quo, or more specifically, and reading from leftto right, the outlook which favors collectivism as againsteither laissez faire or totalitarianism. Because it is admitted that the University's individual professors influence public affairs in other ways than through their students, and that they exert influence on their students inother ways than through the classroom, the questionof their social viewpoint is pertinent.We now give it as our opinion that the aggregatemedian position of the University faculty would besomewhere to the right of the middle. If there are thosewho would dub as "radical" anyone who favors thedemocratic accomplishment of moderate, feasible reform,then the University is probably a hotbed of such. Someconservatives would seem, in the words of Oliver Wendell Holmes, to "think of waterproofing the Americanmind against the questions that heaven rains down uponit." Those who would tag "radical" on anyone who givesaid or succor to the present national administration mightcome to the same conclusion, for more than forty members of the faculty have given advice or service to thegovernment in the last two years. It must be said here,however, that there are many sharp critics of variousWashington policies on the faculty, even among thosewho have given or are giving their aid. But even byapplying a Hamilton Fish definition, we are unable tofind, in a faculty of more than 800, as many as tenwho would classify as radicals. Mrs. Dilling, the NorthShore crusader, lists more than that in her compendium,"The Red Network," but she is vastly indiscriminate, forshe sweeps in, for example, (in addition to Mrs. Roosevelt) the entire membership of the Civil Liberties Union,which defends the freedom of speech guaranteed by theConstitution, and which would decry the Soviet Russianor the Hitler type of suppression as readily as anyother.There are no members of the Communist Party onthe University faculty. There is, so far as we know, oneSocialist — a younger man — who is sufficiently imbuedwith the missionary spirit to do anything active about it,and he is running for alderman of the Fifth Ward, andten members of the faculty have endorsed an opponentof his to every one that has endorsed him. He represents, of course, the party which is so heavily represented in the most respected government on earth, theBritish Cabinet. There are other members of the faculty, no doubt, who sometimes vote for Socialist candidates. But: When the Daily Maroon conducted a pollof the faculty during the presidential campaign of 1932— and it was quite a thorough canvass — Herbert Hooverwon by a decided margin.A Case in PointWe know of no better or more crucial test of theintellectual position of typical University of Chicago fac-150THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 151ulty members, on a typical radical issue, than the following. Last year a group of educators, a national bodycalled the Commission on Social Studies in the Schools,appointed by the American Historical Association,drafted a report which has received less attention thanit deserved. It saw as inevitable the onset of a muchmore collectivist order of society, and recommended thatteachers begin consciously to indoctrinate pupils in thecollectivist mores, and propagandize for the ethics ofsocial justice and social regimentation. Professor CharlesE. Merriam of Chicago, who was a member of the Commission, refused to sign the final report. Since its publication, the chief attack on the report in educationalcircles has come from the Chicago campus. ProfessorFranklin Bobbitt of the University's Department of education promptly criticized the report in the professionaljournals, and was extensively and sharply answered, especially by the Columbia educators who had had muchto do with its drafting.President Hutchins then took up the cudgel. Inseveral speeches last summer he said this : "At the lowerlevels of education the political and economic situationdetermine the content of education; education does notdetermine the political and economic situation. The pupil must be taught to earn a living in the society thatexists, not in one that ought to exist sometime. He mustbe made a good citizen of this commonwealth, not ofanother, no matter how much better that other maybe. . . . The quality of society must inevitably governthe quality of elementary education. Those representatives of the educational profession who today urge thatthe schools be turned into engines of social reform,preferably designed to produce 'collectivism', whateverthat may mean, are making an error. ... I am nothere discussing the merits of collectivism. It may bepossible and desirable in some form for the UnitedStates. The schools cannot and should not be the agencythat will bring it about. An effort to turn them into suchan agency will merely succeed in ruining the schools.The society we get will not depend on the schools wehave; the schools we get will depend on the societywe have."Then, pointing out that the function of the highereducation should be primarily the training of critical intelligence, the "inculcation of the intellectual virtues," headded, "We can discern the dangers in the proposal ofthe professional educators who desire collectivism ; theywould force the intelligence to subordinate itself to thesocial purposes that they desired. . . . The free and independent exercise of the intellect is the means by whichsociety may be improved."Professor Ernest Burgess of the sociology department, in his presidential address before the American Sociological Society at Christmas time (an address whichwill be printed in large part in a forthcoming issue ofthe Magazine, and which gives as intelligent a statementof the conservative argument as we have recently seen)had this to say: "Changes in the mores arise, as Sumner points out, not by the doctrinnaire teachings of theintellectuals but out of the discussion and reflection ofthe masses of the people over their day to day experiences. Attempts at present to manipulate the schools as agencies of propaganda for collectivism are certain toembroil our educational institutions in constant turmoiland confusion."Associate Professor Harry Gideonse of the economics department, writing in the current issue of TheSocial Frontier as one of the contributors to a symposium- on the report, attacks the report on the groundthat all types of propagandizing should be kept out ofthe schools. "There is an important difference betweeneducation with respect to a changing society and indoctrination into settled convictions about that society," hesays, urging the usefulness of the former and the dangers of the latter. Social science as taught in the lowerschools should not become a controversial subject, hesays, and the report "smells like propaganda." "Wemight leave such things to the American equivalent ofMoscow and Dr. Goebbels. A free school would haveno truck with it. . . . Some of the most serious difficulties confronting the American people today are theresult of past indoctrination." He speaks of the proposal as "bartering the moral freedom of the schoolsfor a mess of ill-digested collectivist pottage."And the great majority of University social scientists interested in curriculum problems share this viewpoint with Dr. Gideonse, including Dr. Frederick Schuman, Associate Professor of political science, who wouldprobably be included in a Fish-ian category of radicals.You would look far to find a group of social scientists so keenly aware of the fact of social change as thoseat Chicago, as witness the heavy contributions of localmen to the Hoover Social Trends Report, and so awarethat the logic of events is forcing some adjustments inthe social order. You will find few uncritical reactionaries in that group, and few who are futilitarian sophisticates, and probably none who are influenced by whatProfessor Gideonse calls "depression k at z en jammer."They are scholars of the development of social order,and most of them, we think, believe in the necessity fororderly social change as a continuation of that development. They train their students in informed, criticalintelligence regarding the major developments of socialorganization, objectively and with every regard for thewisdom of the past.Student RadicalsThere are in the student body two organizationswhich Mr. Fish would describe as radical, and they enrollin their active membership, by their own figures, slightlymore than one per cent of the students ; that is, less than100 in a student body of approximately 6,000. It is notimprobable that the organization figures are optimistic,if only full time bona-fide students are to be counted.One of these is the Socialist Club, the ideals of whichare familiar enough. The other is the National StudentLeague, which is farther to the left, though it does notchoose to be termed Communist. Both are recognizedby the Dean's Office as legitimate student organizations.The National Student League (which of course is atloggerheads with the Socialist Club on many an argumentative issue) has existed for about three years, during which it has shown incredible zeal at holding meet-152 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEings, chiefly with itself, and at making and distributing-posters and pamphlets, with an occasional adventure intosuch activities as picketing. Despite all this zeal, andthe use of the familiar radical technique of trying to induct new members by capitalizing on more or less irrelevant protests, the membership is less than one-half ofone per cent of the student body. The League wouldprobably explain that the great bulk of the student bodyis sadly blind to the world's great social issues. We donot think that is true. We find the student body a quiteintelligent lot on social issues, and if they do not chooseto become Leaguers it is not because they are unawareof the issues or of the League. Not more than a veryfew members of the Socialist Club and the NationalStudent League are participants in the better known student activities. The faculty adviser of the Socialist Clubis Maynard Krueger, Assistant Professor of economics, and aldermanic candidate. The faculty adviser ofthe National Student League is Dr. Schuman, who reports that the League members do not come to him foradvice.The sentiment of the student body on issues otherthan those bearing distinctively on the left-or-right question is probably somewhat broader. We suspect thatmany students are enough concerned (and rightly) aboutthe principle of freedom of speech to make loud outcryat any infringement thereof. We know at least one finefootball player who would be among the protesters if theUniversity should depart so far from its tradition andconvictions as to do any suppressing. The issue of worldpeace develops considerable interest. The Literary Digest for Jan. 26th, listing the results of a poll of studentsin thirty institutions on questions of peace, gives the following figures for the University of Chicago sampling onthe question, "Do you believe that a national policy ofan American navy and air force second to none is asound method of insuring against being drawn into another war?": Yes, 222; No, 861. The figures for theentire thirty institutions were: Yes, 9,931; No, 20,031.In answer to the question, "Do you favor the UnitedStates entering the League of Nations," the Chicagosampling answered as follows: Yes, 747; No, 321. Thenational figures on this question were: Yes, 15,731 ; No,14,072.Another student organization Mr. Fish might notlike is called the Student Union Against Fascism andWar. This is a federation of the Socialist Club, theNational Student League, and the Seminary Leaguefor Social Action (which is drawn chiefly from studentsof the Chicogo Theological Seminary, affiliated with theUniversity) and the Union's membership is almost exclusively the membership of the component clubs. Certainly the great majority of the students are opposed onprinciple to both Fascism and war but they do not jointhe Union, possibly because they do not like its auspices.Professor Eustace Haydon of the Divinity School, whothinks of a religion of humanity, is the faculty adviserof the Union.More on the Same TopicA random sampling of the faculty, such as the listof instructors under whom any one alumnus might have taken courses, can result only in a collection of scholarsabout whom it is possible to work up a faint amusementby thinking of their names in the same thought with theword "radicalism." We think, for example, of Wilt,Sherburn, O'Hara, Boynton, Sir William Craigie andMrs. Flint in the English department, McKinsey andYoung of the School of Business, Bretz and Chamber-lin in geology, Cole and Andrade in anthropology, Blissand Dickson in mathematics, Bonner and Ullman in theclassics, Schmitt and Jernegan in history, Colby andGriffith Taylor in geography, Nitze and Keniston in Romance languages, Bigelow and Bogert in the Law School,Case and Graham and Goodspeed and Sweet in the Divinity School, Harkins and Kharasch in chemistry, Coulter and Eaton in botany, Wright and Moore in zoology,Allen and Taylor in Germanics, Taliaferro and Hudsonin bacteriology, Drs. Hodges and Phemister in the medical school, Kingsbury and Thurstone in psychology,Dempster and Compton in physics, and thus on indefinitely. We think of the home economics department andthe music department and the military science departmentand the Oriental languages department. Then we thinkof radicalism, and the University as an alleged center ofit, and are faintly amused.Those scholars in fields of study not concerned withcurrent public problems do not, with the rarest exceptions, speak publicly about such problems. There aremany deep-dyed conservatives in that group, amongwhom we might name — but probably shouldn't — DeansGale and Laing. Two recent utterances from that largeside of the University may be cited.Professor James Henry Breasted, addressing theAmerican Historical Association at Christmas time, saidthat while the rise of social idealism is the most important thing that has happened to mankind, the growth ofthat idealism, now 5,000 years in process, is appallinglyslow. "The new deals of the future will be no morenew than the present one," he said. "In this ever broadening process, wise admonition enlightened by full knowledge of human experience will carry us on far moresafely than a great complex of government action. . . .The effort to perpetuate idealistic sentiment by legislationlias been shown by history to be utterly futile."Professor Arthur H. Compton, speaking on a national broadcast last summer, pointed out that pure science moves forward most rapidly in a social order whichencourages private initiative. "The nations which arethe leaders of the scientific world are those in which, inall forms of enterprise, such as agriculture, business andpolitics, individual initiative is at a premium." This isnot chance, he said, but is due at least in part to the individualistic temperament being well suited to research.And he added: "By far the larger part of the fundamental scientific work now being done in this country isfinanced directly or indirectly by men whose own imagination and enterprise have brought them wealth, andwho have seen in science the work of kindred spiritsaimed toward the enrichment of life."On the side of the studies concerned with publicmatters we might quote from a review of ProfessorLasswelFs new book "World Politics and Personal Insecurity," written by Ernest Sutherland Bates, editor ofthe Dictionary of American Biography, and appearingTHE UNIVERSITY OFin the Books section of the New York Herald-Tribune onJan. 27th. "The University of Chicago has in recentyears," Dr. Bates begins, "developed a group of socialphilosophers of extraordinary brilliance whose writingsfunction as a continuous dissolvent of traditional ideaswithout setting up anything very constructive in theirplace." We would not agree that social thinking at theUniversity is entirely destructive (witness the HarrisReport, the Hutchins report, the University's contributions to the National Planning Board and other serviceto the government) but we would agree that it is fulfilling its function of critical analysis, as against specialpleading.We note here that of that large faculty group notdevoted to the study of public problems, Robert MorssLovett is probably the one Rep. Fish wouldn't like.Professor Lovett's outlook, we should judge, is aboutthat of The New Republic, of which he is an associateeditor.The economics department might seem to be a corner where Mr. Fish would look for radicalism. But weare told that Chicago's department, along with thoseof Princeton and Harvard, is a bad place for anyonewho wishes to preserve his naivete, particularly if it isa radical naivete. There is considerable variety of opinion ; we should say the norm is, like that of the University, to the right of the middle. It should be said herethat the staff men are, of course, far more deeply concerned with the intricacies of their special fields thanwith debated current issues — Wright and Nef with economic history, Schultz with statistics, Palyi and Mintswith banking, Leland with taxation, Simons with fiscalpolicy, Viner and Knight with economic theory, Douglas and Millis with labor, etc.To venture a few generalizations about the economics faculty : Most of them, we should say, are internationally-minded ; that is, they would favor gradual reduction of tariffs, fostering of world-commerce, further reduction or cancellation of war-debts. Most ofthem would oppose, for example, government loans toRussia so long as tariff restrictions would prevent Russia's accumulating enough foreign exchange to pay usback. There is much opposition to administration monetary policy, and there was general criticism of the executive order which took America off the gold standard.More than two years ago most of the department signeda memorandum suggesting that government spendingwould overcome the evil of "sticky" prices by raisingflexible prices in relation to those relatively inflexibleprices which had resisted the downward trend. Theywould now probably agree that this has been accomplished and that the price level needs no further help.They are opposed, of course, to any extensive inflation.Many are opposed to the regulatory features of NRA,and to price-fixing and the monopolistic tendency underNRA. Most favor the income tax as against the salestax. And thus forth. These random examples are ourpersonal interpretations of thought in the department,subject to the error of our amateurism; and we hastento add that the department operates at a pretty sophisticated level, not at all in terms that call for hasty action.Is this radicalism?Professor Paul Douglas is the Chicago economist CHICAGO MAGAZINE 153the Hon. Mr. Fish would most likely abhor. Douglas isinterested in practical approaches to social amelioration ;he has long urged the need for social insurance. He is,or has been, actively interested in the development ofconsumers' councils. We expect he would favor eventualgovernment ownership of public utilities (though hehas recently said he would oppose government ownership of railways if the price of the roads were above 19billions). Professor Sorrell of the School of Business,the University's expert on transportation, would, on theother hand, oppose government ownership of railroadsat almost any price. And we know at least one memberof Dr. Douglas5 own department would oppose unemployment "insurance" on the ground that it involvesthrowing the money the nation has for such purposes inthe general direction of need rather than specifically topeople in demonstrable need.We might cite here, as representative of at leastone section of the department's thought, the recent pamphlet written by Assistant Professor Henry C. Simonsentitled "A Positive Program for Laissez Faire," which. is an original and comprehensive plea for the preservation of economic freedom as the ultimate agency of control. He suggests that the depression may well haveresulted from the lack of competition rather than toomuch of it (surely a conservative position!) insofar as"sticky" prices are the result of monopoly ; that the government's chief function in the sphere of business shouldbe the enforcement of competition, and not regulationof prices, wages or production; that monopoly is thegreat enemy of democracy. He discusses also the "100Per Cent Reserve" plan for banking reform, which hasrecently been developed out of discussion by Chicagoeconomists, but more of that some other day.In the political science department the most interesting current work, it seems to us, is being done in thefields of public administration and political theory. Inthe former field (we think the most valuable academicwork in the country on this subject is being done at Chicago) the materials hardly involve the issues we are discussing, since they bear on such problems as city management, civil service and the relations between localgovernments. In the latter field Professor Merriam isthe leader, and a man with greater faith in democracyand greater cognizance of its difficulties we do notknow. He and others have been developing the ultra-realistic subject of the role of pressure groups in political action. Associate Professor Lasswell (who champions the importance of the middle class in the currentissue of the International lournal of Ethics) is interestedin analyzing propaganda, and in studying politics fromthe approach of "who gets what and why?" ProfessorQuincy Wright and Dr. Schuman analyze world trends.In the sociology department Professor Ogburn isprobably the best known analyst of broad social developments. His views are familiar to readers of the Magazine, for they have been extensively quoted. He has arather calm overview of things. The outstanding socialforecaster in the country, he foresees marked changes insociety resulting from inventions and technology, foreseesmore or less successful adaptations to them, is little interested in formalized "isms." In history Professor Samuel154 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEHarper might serve as an example. Lie is the University's authority on Russia (probably the best-informedin the country) and he has made more than a dozentrips to Russia since 1902, four of them since the 1919Revolution. It has never occurred to anyone to thinkof him as a radical, which he isn't, though he is certainly acquainted with many communists. In philosophyProfessor and State Senator T. V. Smith ("The Democratic Way of Life", etc.) will serve well for exampleof the social thinking of his department.The School of Business, naturally, and the LawSchool, are both quite conservative. Both are primarilyinterested in detailed problems of the present order. TheSchool of Social Service Administration, naturally, is interested in adequate protection for the unfortunate andunderprivileged, and would favor, we should say, reasonable legislation to that end. The Divinity School, weexpect, in general thinks that churchmen should takesome leadership in social action, in terms of the Christian ideals ; the Chicago Divinity faculty has given considerable attention to interpreting the "social Gospel"of Jesus.We repeat that the University is a stronghold ofdemocracy as a theory of government and a way oflife. Democracy is not without its critics in many quarters of the world. That the University, with its freedomof discussion, its critical approach, its various minds andcomprehensive information, remains such a stronghold,is reassuring. We know of no better interpreters anddefenders of the American outlook than such men oflarge influence in University thinking as Charles E. Merriam, William E. Dodd and T. V. Smith.NotedTwo books published last month by University ofChicago alumni, "Personal History" by Vincent Sheean,which is an account of his adventures as a foreign correspondent and the choice of the Literary Guild forFebruary, and "We Are Betrayed," the third of a tri-ology of novel by Vardis Fisher, touch upon life at theUniversity, the latter extensively. ... A "Fusion" groupis trying to get Professor Paul Douglas to run for Mayorof Chicago. . . . Mayor Kern of Indianapolis, recentlyelected, did post-graduate study in the University LawSchool in the summers of 1932 and 1933. . . . The lecture hall of the Oriental Institute has been named"James Henry Breasted Hall" by the University's Boardof Trustees in honor of the distinguished director of the Institute. . . . Robert Herrick, novelist and former member of the University faculty, has been appointed Secretary of the Virgin Islands. . . . Martin Schutze, emeritus-professor of German, is teaching at the Universityof Wisconsin this semester. . . . Publisher's Weekly lists"You Must Relax," by Dr. Edmund Jacobson of theUniversity's physiology department as one of the ten"best-sellers" of 1934. . . . Lecturer Thornton Wilder'snew novel, "Heaven's My Destination," seems well onthe road toward being one of the ten best-sellers of1935. . . . Ernst Herzfeld, Director of the Persian expedition of the Oriental Institute, was on the Universitycampus for two weeks — his first visit — last month. ... Atthe request of the University Libraries, President Roosevelt sent to the Library on February 12th his tribute toAbraham Lincoln, signed and on White House stationery,to be added to the Lincoln exhibit. . .' . Frederic J. Gurney,retired assistant recorder of the University, has beenkind enough to inform us of an error made in a recentissue. We said that the first Ph.D. granted by the University was to W. I. Thomas. The actual recipient ofthe first Ph.D. was Eiji Asada, a Japanese student sincedeceased, and the award was at the Summer Convocation of 1893. Mr. Gurney is now in Teheran, Persia,living with his son, a recent Ph.D. in chemistry, whoteaches there. . . . Professor Grace Abbott had a considerable hand in preparing the report to President Roosevelt of the Committee on Economic Security. OtherChicago faculty people who gave technical aid to theCommittee were Professors Millis, Viner, Edith Abbott,Adair and Bachmeyer and Lecturer Frank Bane. . . .The United States Supreme Court recently quoted theUniversity of Chicago Law Review, which was established only last year, but didn't agree. . . . Ernest B.Price, of the Walter Hines Page School of InternationalRelations of Johns Hopkins University, was appointedDirector of International House last month, and tookoffice February 1st. . . . Professor-emeritus Fred Merri-field, who was for 22 years a member of the Divinityfaculty of the University, died February 6th. He wascaptain of the Maroon baseball team in '98, and later itscoach, and he is credited with having introduced thegame in Japan. . . . Installation of a colossal portraitstatue of King Tutenkhamon, which stands 17 feet highand weighs over 7 tons, has been completed by the technical staff of the Oriental Institute, and is now on display. The statue was discovered by an Institute expedition near Medinet Habu in Egypt.ATHLETICSScores of the MonthChicago, 21; Purdue, 39Chicago, 33; Minnesota, 42Chicago, 21; Ohio State, 37Chicago, 20; Notre Dame, 32Chicago, 34; Ohio State, 37Chicago, 35; Purdue, 48Chicago, 26; Minnesota, 35Chicago, 36; Illinois, 43Wrestling :Chicago, 19; Wheaton, 11Chicago, 0; Indiana, 30Chicago, 15; Michigan, 19Chicago, 13; Northwestern, 19Chicago, 3; Illinois, 29Chicago, 16; Franklin & Marshall, 14Chicago, 0; U. S. Naval Academy, 30Chicago, 3; Harvard, 7Chicago, H; Yale, 17Swimming :Chicago, 47; Wisconsin, 35Chicago, 65; Purdue, 19Chicago, 48; Indiana, 36Water Polo:Chicago, 6; Wisconsin, 5Chicago, 16; Purdue, 1Chicago, 3; Indiana, 0Track :Chicago, 37; Notre Dame, 67Gymnastics :Chicago, 717; Roger Williams, 569.5Chicago, 1060; Iowa, 1063.75Chicago, 719.25; Minnesota, 715.75Fencing :Chicago, 10; Northwestern, 7Chicago, 14; Northwestern, 3Chicago, 9; Wisconsin, 6Polo:Chicago, 8 ; Stalford Farms, 9*/2Chicago, sy2 ; Detroit Polo Club, 4Chicago, i/2 ; Culver, 4Chicago, 11 ; Ohio State, 9Swimmers and fencers have been the most consistently successful of Chicago teams in a busy month. Thosetwo teams have been undefeated in competition whilethe basketball team has been beaten in every conferencegame and the effectiveness of the wrestlers and track menhas been nominal. A third team that normally wouldbe on the honor roll, the gymnastic squad, has met itsfirst defeat in three years.Coach Edward McGillivray, who has been pluggingalong for many seasons with indifferent swimmers, hasmade the best of a fairly proficient assortment that has • By WILLIAM V. MORGENSTERN, '20, JD'22come his way this year and the Maroon team has wonthree successive conference meets. Leader is CharlesWilson, a big sophomore who is doing close to recordtime in the 440 and better than average in the 220. JayBrown has been scoring heavily in the two shorter freestyle races, even though he isn't as fast this year as hewas as a freshman. Capt. Charles Dwyer is among thebest of the Big Ten breaststrokers, and George Nicollhas real possibilities in the conference backstroke. FloydStauffer, the sophomore diver, has been unbeaten sofar. Jack Horns, another sophomore, has been a steadypoint winner in the longer freestyle races. This teamwill not win the Big Ten championship next month,nor come close, but it should score more points thanany Chicago team of recent years, and it should be reasonably strong for the next two years. The water poloteam continues to be just about the smoothest workingcombination in the conference.The fencers lost by graduation Burt Young and Or-mand Julian, the pair who won the conference championship last season, but new men have been developedto take their place. Mr. R. V. Merrill, volunteer coachof the faculty, and Mr. Alvar Hermanson, of the athletic staff, are jointly coaching the team. Their bestman is Leland Winter, who works in the foil and saber,and has lost but one bout so far; Capt. Louis M. Nash,in the foil, epee, and saber, and Campbell Wilson, strongin the foils and improving rapidly in the saber event.The fears of Mr. Dan Hoffer, the gymnasticscoach, were realized when Iowa defeated his team by amargin of less than four points, the first time in historythat the Iowans have ever beaten Chicago in this sport.Mr. Hoffer is greatly disturbed by this catastrophe, although it vindicated his forebodings. He seems, however, to be cherishing hopes of a surprising comeback inthe championship meet, even if he has to wear bunionson the hands of his laggard athletes with overtime practice. And Mr. Hoffer, with his eye to the future, expects to leave no doubt about the ability of his squadnext year.In basketball the record is bad, yet the team certainlyhas not looked that bad in competition. It has lost fifteen straight games. But in the last month, at least, ithas had a chance in every game. Coach Norgren andhis players have made the greatest use of every assetthey have, but they have been against overwhelmingodds all the way. To begin with, there are but twoplayers of conference ability on the team — Bill Haarlowand Bill Lang. The other three regulars are playing atthe top of their game, but no matter how hard they work,they don't measure up to their opponents in naturalskill. Peterson, the center, is just that fatal shade slowin his reactions, but he makes a good fight for the tip-off until he tires under the strain of pressing all the time.Capt. Tommy Flinn is good for his size, but he needsstilts to get up with most of the men paired against him.156 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEStanley Kaplan is fairly fast, but he is too small tohandle a big forward, and big forwards are what theyuse in the conference. Height of the opposition has beenthe determining factor in most of the games, Chicagobeing beaten by the follow-up shots. There are no reserves who do not weaken the team, and when the whistles of the officials begin to retire men early in the second half, the team fades.Biggest factor in the Chicago effort to stay in thegame has been the high scoring of Haarlow, who is atpresent the leading individual scorer of the Big Ten.Lang's shooting supplies the rest of the scoring punch,but Eang is a guard and is fouled out of the game before it is over. Haarlow so far in eight conferencegames has scored 103 points, making 38 baskets and 27freethrows. His top performance was 6 baskets and 10freethrows against Minnesota on the field house floor.This is the highest individual score in the conference thisseason, but it is one less point than Haarlow's leadingscore last year. The records show that back in 1921,Bobby Birkhoff made 24 points for the biggest individual score of any Chicago player. Clarence Volmer ofChicago in 1920 made 50 baskets during a season, butwas topped by "Chuck" Carney of Illinois, who had 60.A Chicago player has not led the conference scoringsince 1919, when "Moose" Gorgas was first with 106points. Haarlow might have been first last year hadhe not been kept out of two games by injuries. Hemade 38 baskets last season, and 33 freethrows. Therecords, which go back only to 1910, show that only twoMaroon players, Campbell Dickson and Birkhoff have ever averaged 30 or more baskets for three successiveyears. Dickson totalled 108; Birkhoff, 93. Only 27men have been in that high-skill group or 30 or morebaskets a year for three years, in case you have followedthis plunge into history thus far. You may be assuredthat the statistics are correct ; they are the compilationof Albon Holden, '19, the world's greatest living authority on conference athletics.Notes: Ell Patterson, captain of the 1934 football team, was placed on Liberty's "All-America" football team at center. This team makes its appearance longafter the snows have drifted high in the stadia, becauseit is selected through an elaborate system of weightedvoting of the players on all the leading teams of thecountry. Patterson was ranked as the best center byevery team he faced, and if there must be "All-America"selections, that basis of choice by opponents seems tobe as logical a method as exists. Jay Berwanger, onvarious other "all" teams, made the Liberty second team.... A. A. Stagg, Jr., tennis and freshman track coach,made a speedy recovery from an emergency appendectomy. His famous father, on the way to the FootballRules Committee meeting, was in Chicago at the time ofthe operation. . . . The Big Ten Championship meet inwrestling will be held at Chicago, March 8 and 9; thetrack meet on March 9. Official paid attendance for thesix home games of the 1934 football season was 87,819.The Illinois game, with 28,450, drew the largest crowd.Chicago, however, played to bigger attendance at bothOhio State and Minnesota, the two games away fromhome.oBOTANY ALUMNIMEETThe Fourteenth annual luncheonof the Chicago Botany Alumni, meeting in connection with the BotanicalSociety of America, was held inPittsburgh, on December 28, 1934,at the University Club.There were some sixty-six alumnipresent. Professors George D. Fuller, SM'12, PhDT4, Charles A.Shull, '05, PhD'lS, and Charles J.Chamberlain told of the activities ofthe department during the past year ;Professor Otis W. Caldwell, PhD'98,of Columbia University, and Professor William D. Merrell, PhD'98, ofthe University of Rochester, spokebriefly for the alumni. Messages ofgreeting were sent to ProfessorsCowles, Kraus and Hayward. WASHINGTONALUMNIThe Washington Alumni Clubnow has some 388 University of Chicago people on its mailing list. Theseries of programs put on have beenso exceptionally fine that the attendance has averaged between 75 and100 all year. This is not surprisingwhen you note that the speaker onJanuary 13th was Paul Walker, ofthe Federal Communications Commission; February 3, Senator JamesP. Pope, speaking on "High Priestsof War" ; February 24th, Judge FayeBentley, of the Washington JuvenileCourt. The officers of this lively organization are : President, Walter A.Bowers, '20; Vice president, EthelMyers, '18; Secretary, Ruby K. Wor-ner, SM'23, PhD'25 ; Treasurer, JohnMills, '32;WHO'S WHOIn the CollegeCHICAGO alumni continue tomake a most impressive showing in Who's Who in Amer-•ca^ — in fact it improves with eachedition; in the last 4 years, 69 newnames of college alumni have beenadded. Realizing that a careful reading of the entire volume is a luxury in which most College Alumniwould not indulge, the Secretary hasdone a bit of research, and offers herethe result.From the ranks of those holdingbachelor's degrees from Chicago,there are 348 in Who's Who, 34women, 314 men. The following table shows the representation byclasses . Number inClass Year Who's Who1893 31894 81895 41896 191897 191898 121899 111900 111901 181902 191903 241904 241905 171906 131907 231908 131909 131910 161911 101912 111913 91914 81915 21916 81917 81918 31919 31920 21921 11922 21927 11931 _. 1336Class Year Number in(Old University) Who's Who1886 11885 11883 11882 11880 21879 11878 1 1876 11875 11874 11872 _. 112Grand total 348The geographical distribution ofthese prominent PhB's proves thatthey scatter far and wide once theyget educated! Number inLocation "Who's WhoAlabama . . . 2Arizona 1Arkansas 1California 24Colorado 3Connecticut 5District of Columbia. . 23Florida 3Georgia 4Idaho 1Illinois 88Indiana 8Iowa 5Kansas 4Kentucky 4Maryland 4Massachusetts 6Michigan 4Minnesota 6Mississippi 1Missouri 4Montana 1Nebraska 4New Hampshire 1New Jersey 3New Mexico 1New York 49No. Carolina 3Ohio 10Oklahoma 4Oregon 3Pennsylvania 8Rhode Island 3So. Carolina 3Tennessee 8Texas 8Virginia 3Washington ? . 2Wisconsin 7Wyoming 2Hawaii 1Philippine Islands .... 1China 1Austria 1Egypt 2Japan 1So. Africa 1England J 1348 The variety of occupations listedis rather interesting, although it is aneat editorial problem to classifywriters, journalists and editors, andto discern the distinction betweenpublic and social servants. Nothingbut "miscellaneous" could be usedto include live-stock breeders andmetal-refiners.Occupation NumberEducators 153Doctors 36Writers 27Lawyers 25Public servants (U. S.) . . . . 21Consultants & Researchers. 17Editors & Journalists 15Social servants 10Clergymen 9Businessmen 8Financiers 6Miscellaneous 5In an early issue of the Magazine,we will present a number of briefsketches about some of these Collegians who are making Chicago famous.Among the Athletes*Many of the men who won athleticfame at Chicago in the early yearsof the university have now won distinction in their professional andbusiness careers and appear inWho's Who.One in every seven of the mennow living who were awarded themajor "C" at the Midway in the firstten years of the university's existence, for the seasons of 1892-93 to1901-2, are listed in this compendium.During this first decade A. A.Stagg, as director of athletics, conferred major monograms upon 192different men. Of these 153 are stillliving and twenty-three of the 153are listed in Who's Who. A twenty-fourth Maroon of that period, AdamM. Wyant, football player of the1893-94 season and a former Pennsylvania congressman, is also listedin the current edition, but he has diedsince its publication. Fred Merrifield,'96, member of the divinity faculty,died this month.During the first twenty years ofathletics at the Midway 390 different men won the major letter, ofwhom 342 are still living. Of these342, thirty-two are listed in Who's^'Reprinted from The Campus Canopy, by RalphCannon, Chicago Daily News, Feb. 6, 1935.157158 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEWho, not including the late Congressman Wyant.The twenty-three Who's Who athletes of the first decade won a totalof fifty-nine major letters, all theseletters having been earned in threesports — football, baseball and track.Twelve of the men won football letters, eight won track letters andseven won baseball letters, four ofthem having won awards in twosports. Seven held captaincies.Of the twenty-three, nine are noweducators in academic departments(three of them deans), four are inpublic affairs, two are surgeons, twoare engineers and two are publishers,a journalist, a merchant and an athletic director. With the year in whichthey won their first letters they are:'92— Henry G. Gale, football andbaseball, now dean of thephysical sciences division, University of Chicago.Joseph E. Raycroft, football,now professor of hygienePrinceton university, andpresident of the board of managers, New Jersey state hospital for the insane.Amos Alonzo Stagg, football,now athletic director andcoach, College of the Pacific.'93— Harry D. Abells, baseball (captain), now head of the Morgan Park Military Academy.Walter P. Behan, track, nowdean of Ottawa university.Gilbert A. Bliss, track, chairman of the department ofmathematics, University ofChicago.Joseph M. Flint, football, nowa surgeon, Paris, France.Frank E. Hering, football andbaseball, former presidentFraternal Order of Eagles,now editor Eagles Magazine.'94— Walter E. Garrey, football,now professor of physiology,Vanderbilt university.Edward F. Mandel, track, nowa merchant (Mandel Bros.).'95— Philip S. Allen, football, nowprofessor of German literature, University of Chicago.Fred H. Calhoun, track (captain), now dean, school ofchemistry and geology, Clem-son college.'96 — Fred Merrifield, baseball (captain), clergyman and memberUniversity of Chicago divinity faculty.Leroy T. Vernon, baseball(captain), now chief Washington correspondent, TheChicago Daily News. George L. White, track, nowclergyman and associate secretary Baptist Ministers andMissionaries' Benefit Board.'97 — George H. Garrey, football,now mining geologist and engineer, Philadelphia.Kellogg Speed, football (captain), now surgeon and professor at Rush Medical college.'99 — Donald R. Richberg, track, nowprominent in the national administration at Washington.Walter S. Rogers, baseball, nowdirector Institute of Current .World Affairs, New York.'00 — Robert L. Henry, track, nowAmerican judge of the Mixedcourt, Alexandria, Egypt.Edward P. Rich, football, consulting engineer, Chicago.Zellmer R. Pettet, football andtrack, now chief statisticianfor agriculture, United Statesbureau of census.'01— Lee W. Maxwell, football andbaseball (gold captain), nowpresident of the Crowell Publishing Company.Among the Maroon letter winnersof that period who are now prominent, but who are not in Who's Who,are Judges Daniel P. Trude andHugo Friend of Chicago, Dr. RalphHamill, Chicago psychiatrist; ErnestE. Quantrell, New York investmentbanker, and John F. Hagey, vice-president of the First National Bankof Chicago.Representatives in Who's Who ofthe second decade of Maroon athletics are:'02 — Walter K. Smart, baseball, nowprofessor of English, Northwestern university.'05— Merrill C. Meigs, football andbaseball, now publisher of theChicago Evening American.'06 — Harold G. Moulton, baseball,now president of the Brookings Institution, Washington,D. C.'07— Elton J. Moulton, football,now professor of mathematics Northwestern university.Harlan O. Page, football, baseball and basket ball (footballcaptain), now director of athletics Montezuma school, California.Max M. Rohde, football, nowprominent New York surgeon.'08— Edwin P. Hubble, basket balland track, now astronomerMount Wilson observatory,California. Letters ofNettie Fowler McCormick,wife of Cyrus Hall McCormick,inventor of the reaper, are desiredby her children.For this purpose the NettieFowler McCormick BiographicalAssociation requests that personshaving any of her writings kindlysend them to the address below.The family of Nettie Fowler McCormick will be grateful for cooperation and glad to make appropriate payment for such papers.AddressNettie Fowler McCormickBiographical Association,664 If. Michigan Avenue, ChicagoServing the Medical Professionsince 1895V. MUELLER & CO.SURGEONS INSTRUMENTSHOSPITAL AND OFFICEFURNITUREORTHOPEDIC APPLIANCES•Phone Seeley 2181, all departmentsOgden Ave., Van Buren andHonore StreetsChicagoGREUNE- MUELLERCOALIs of Highest Quality fromRespective Fields and isDUSTLESS TREATEDLet Us Prove This to YouGREUNE-MUELLER GOAL GO,7435 So. Union Ave.All Phones Vincennes 4000'09 — Esmond R. Long, track, nowdirector Phipps TuberculosisInstitute, University of Pennsylvania.'10 — Lawrence H. Whiting, football,now president of the Furniture Mart Building Corporation, Chicago.The only "C" man from the thirddecade of Maroon athletes who hasthus far made Who's Who is GeorgeS. Leisure, '24, New York lawyer.THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 159ran §3?aiaaip ©if ^hibwiksieThe value of a nation-wide telephone service, underone unified system, is reflected in the day-by-dayefficiency of your own telephone. It is givendramatic emphasis by an emergency.Several years ago, the worst sleet storm in telephone history swept north from Texas almost to theGreat Lakes and ravaged a section 150 miles wide.Thousands of telephone poles were broken. Thousands of miles of telephone wire were snapped bythe weight of clinging sleet. Telephone communication throughout the country was affected by this gapin the Middle West.To restore the service quickly was beyond thepower of the local telephone companies. Had theybeen forced to tackle the job alone it would havetaken months and imposed a heavy financial burden. Instead, the full resources of the Bell Systemwere thrown into the breach. From the Southwest,from New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and the Northwest, the repair trucks started rolling into thestricken area.Even while men were on their way, the warehouses of the Western Electric Company startedshipments of tools, wire, poles, cross-arms and otherneeded equipment. It was only because of standardized material and standardized methods that theemergency was met and service quickly restored.Telephone service as you know it today wouldbe impossible without the unified Bell System.The Western Electric Company is the manufacturing, distributingand purchasing organization for the Bell System. Centralizedactivity of this kind means better quality at lower cost.BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEMNEWS OFCOLLEGE1904Harlan H. Barrows, of the National Resource Board, acted as personal guide to President Rooseveltat Devil's Lake, North Dakota.1905Maxwell K. Moorhead may bereached through the American Consulate General at Istambul, Turkey.He was formerly with the Consulateat Johannesburg, S. Africa.1906Charles F. Axelson has movedhis office to 208 South LaSalle Street,Chicago.Joseph Peterson, PhD'07, professor of psychology at George Pea-body College for Teachers, waselected Vice President and chairmanof the section on Psychology of theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science, at the Pittsburgh meeting at Christmas.1908George Cassell is principal ofHarrison Technical High School,Chicago.1909Vernon C. Finch, '09, is co-author of Economic Geography, themost widely used college text on thesubject; a third edition was publishedJanuary 2, 1935, by McGraw-Hill.Edith: E. Barnett is teaching history at Southwest High School inKansas City, Mo. She reports thatshe hopes to study at the Universityagain in the near future.1911William C. Craver is executivesecretary of the Y. M. C. A. ofHouston, Tex.Ethel Kawin, AM'26, is psychologist for the Laboratory Schools ofthe University of Chicago, and actsas Counselor in Child Developmentfor the Glencoe Public Schools.Ora Ellen Cox, AMI 5, is livingat Logansport, Ind., having retiredfrom teaching.Herbert Willet is now directorof the Washington CommunityChest.Bernard H. Schockel, '11, SMT4, is one of the geographers for theTennessee Valley Authority.1912Charles Burt Gentry is directorof revision of resident instruction and IE CLASSESdean of teacher training at Connecticut State College.Robert W. Baird owns a lumberbusiness in Carlsbad, California.1913Louise Cherry Robb is principalof Glendale, Ohio, High School.Dorothy Fox (Mrs. Donald H.Hollingsworth) is "still married tothe same husband, and raising threechildren — active in community affairs."Richard E. Myers is representingthe Bellows Company of New YorkCity. He makes his home in Mt.Kisco, N. Y. ; Mrs. Myers was AliceLee Herrick, '12.1914Howell W. Murray was electedpresident of the Bond Men's Club atthe twenty-third annual banquet atthe Hotel Sherman, Chicago, February 8. Mr. Murray is with A. G.Becker and Co.1915Mary G. Kelty, AM'25, is engaged in independent study and inpreparing materials for school use.Orville Miller, his wife anddaughter, are spending February inArizona and California.Francis T. Ward has become, amember of the firm of Clark, Dodgeand Company, of New York City.Mr. Ward was formerly with J. P.Morgan and Co.1916James O. Murdock is assistant solicitor for the State Department.1917James H. Blackhurst, AM' 18,of Drake University, has recentlypublished a book long needed by theworld, Humanized Geometry.1918Helen Haseltine (Mrs. Frederick Hibbard) writes that she spendsa good deal of her time on her workas a professional sculptor. Some ofher work appeared at the Century ofProgress and the Art Institute, in1934. She adds that she and Mr.Hibbard have just finished threewood carvings for the Japanese garden in Jackson Park for the ChicagoPark District.Ethel Myers is one of the officersin charge of the Passport Divisionof the State Department. 1920Walter A. Bowers is chief of theSecurities Section of Public WorksAdministration. He is the presidentof the Washington, D. C, University of Chicago Alumni ClubJoseph Demmery, AM'24, is professor of economics and business atthe University of Washington, in Seattle.1921Louise Hostetler (Mrs. Roy D.Goode) is working for her doctorateat Stanford, while teaching in PaloAlto public schools. She is doing experimental work in teaching of socialscience and is working up a core curriculum for the Palo Alto elementaryschools.Howard K. Beale is doing research work at the Library of Congress.1922Herbert O. Crisler, Princetonfootball coach for the last three seasons, has just signed a new five yearcontract with Princeton University.George W. A. Rutter, AM'26, isteaching English at Evanston, 111.,Township High School.Frank L. Eversull, AM'28; ispresident of Huron College, SouthDakota. Last year he received hisPhD degree from Yale.1923Olin T. Stansbury is in advertising, working for Marshall Field Retail, Chicago.Rose Goldsmith is Training Supervisor of Federal students at theNew York School of Social Work.1924Inez M. Hills (Mrs. Robert F.Campbell) is teaching in the MadisonSchool, Chicago.William Askew is minister of theFirst Christian Church of Benton,111.1925Horace S. Strong has left theBlatz Brewing Company at Milwaukee, where he was assistant to theChief Engineer, to work for the Universal Winding Company, at Providence.1926Clifton Utley, director of theCouncil on Foreign Relations, is the(Continued on page 162)160THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 161(Continued from page 144)Prof. Starr did not have many friends among those ofhigh rank. Ordinary Japanese whose standing in society is low, but whose hearts are honest and pure formedthe host of his friendships."The governor of Shizuoka prefecture, KotaraTanka, and Chonosuke Yada, ex- Japanese minister toSiam, representing Iichiro Tokutomi, contributing editorof the Tokyo Nichi Nichi and the Osaka Mainichi, alsospoke."The face of the stone monument, which is 13 feethigh and 9 feet wide, bears the inscription, 'The tombof Dr. Frederick Starr' written by Viscount Saito, one ofthe closest friends of the deceased."On the back of the monument is a 556 word account of the life of Dr. Starr by Soho Tokutomi, thecharacters in which it appears being written by Prof.Sanko Sugiyama of the Tokyo University of Commerce."mFrom Grace Fuller, Wilmington, III."Am I right in believing I may have a copy of thismorning's address at the University Chapel for the asking?"Nearly all my long life has been spent near Chicago, I used to meet Dr. and Mrs. Harper and littleVeda' in Morgan Park, way back when there was noUniversity. I studied with Professors Moulton andStarr through their extension lectures and finally insummer courses I had the happiness of classes with Myra Reynolds and that valiant saint, Dr. Charles R.Henderson. For a good many years I saw George Vincent at Chautauqua each summer, so I was, as I havelately been, an interested, and this morning, an intelligent listener.'From Mary L. Abell"Thank you, thank you, Dr. Gilkey for the outstanding, memorable sermon of this morning !"Owing to my physical condition, with my timedivided between the hospital and home, I value the richesI am able to hear over the radio."When you spoke of dear Professor Starr thismorning, it brought to mind, when, many years ago, hetook dinner with us the nights he lectured in our neighborhood. A friend and myself had organized what wecalled The University Extension Lectures.'"This one night, for dessert, we had what we called'bottomless apple pie' — my daughter, eight, seemed muchattracted to Prof. Starr, but kept discreet silence, untilI remarked that perhaps Prof. Starr wouldn't care forour plebian kind of dessert. Then up spoke daughter,'Of course he will!' To which the professor asked —'What makes you think so, Frances?' Then came theprompt reply, in a decided tone — 'because all FAT menlike pie.'"The name of Prof. Starr, Prof. Moulton, Sr., alsowas known and beloved, as has been in those past years,that of Lorado Taft."THIS HAM NEEDSNO PARBOILING. its Swift's Premium and it's Ovenized!HERE IS A DELICIOUSWAY TO SERVE IT!Bake Swift's PremiumThis Easy Way:Place a whole or half Swift'sPremium Ham in a roaster. Add 2cups of water, and cover the roaster.Bake in a slow oven (325°), allowingabout 2 I minutes a pound for a largewhole ham; about 25 minutes a poundfor smaller (up to 12 lb.) hams orhalf hams. When ham is done, remove from oven. Lift off rind. Scoresurface and dot with cloves; rub withmixture of 3^ cup brown sugar andI tbsp. flour. Brown, uncovered, for20 minutes in a hot oven (400°).For a festive touch, try basting theham — while it browns — with meltedcurrant jelly.Apple SurpriseCore and halve apples and boiluntil red in syrup made with cinnamon drops. PHe apples with saucemade with cranberries and drainedcrushed pineapple. Serve in parsleynests. Swift's Premium Ham needs no pre-cooking. Instead, it comes to you ready to bake, or to slice andcook in your favorite way with no parboiling. Itsaves you time and effort and assures you of tender,juicy ham, rich, sweet, and full-flavored.Ovenizing,, Swift's own method of smoking hamin ovens, makes this possible. First the famousmild Premium cure, then this special way of smoking. . . and the result is a ham far superior in flavor andmuch, much easier to prepare. Why not try one thisweek-end? Just be sure to ask for Swift's PremiumHam. No other kind is Ovenized.SWjFT & COMPANY . GENERAL OFFICES . CHICAGO162 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEAlbert Teachers1 Agency25 E. Jackson Blvd., ChicagoEstablished 1885. Placement Bureau for menand women in all kinds of teaching positions.Large and alert College and State Teaehers' College departments for Doctors and Masters: fortyper cent of our business. Critic and Grade Supervisors for Normal Schools placed every year inlarge numbers; excellent opportunities. Specialteachers of Home Economics, Business Administration, Music, and Art. secure fine positions throughus every year. Private Schools in all parts of thecountry among our best patrons; good salaries. Wellprepared High School teachers wanted for city andsuburban High Schools. Special manager handlesGrade and Critic work. Send for folder today.GRADUATESCHOOL and CAMPDIRECTORYPENNSYLVANIA— GIRLSPENN HALL for GIRLSJunior College— 2 year and 4 year HighSchool. Credits honored by Universities.Music Conservatory. Int. Decor., Costume Design, Phys. Ed., Secretarial, HomeEc, Athletics. Riding. New Fire-proof buildings. Connecting baths. Part of May at OceanCity. Catalog:F. S. Magill, A. M., Box C, Chambersburg, Pa.WASHINGTON— GIRLSFAIRMONTJUNIOR COLLEGE and 4 YEAR HIGH SCHOOLCultural and Social advantages of the capital.Interesting trips. Two-year college courses.Liberal Arts. Secretarial. Home Economics.Music.# Art. Develops talents. Accredited toUniversities. All sports. 36th year.Maud van Woy, A.B.1715 Massachusetts Ave., Washington, D. C.NEW ENGLAND— BOYSCLARK SCHOOLHANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIREAn accredited preparatory school certifying tothe University of Chicago and other colleges.Classes average five students. Supervised study.Instructors men of experience. Athletic andwinter sports.Frank G. Morgan, DirectorCOUPONFOR COMPLETE SCHOOL ANDCAMP INFORMATION, FILL OUTAND MAIL THIS FORM TO THEGRADUATE SCHOOL SERVICE, 30ROCKEFELLER PLAZA, N. Y.Student's Age Sex Religion Rate Location Preferred Type of School Preferred Type of Camp Preferred Remarks Name Address WANTED: News of Chi-cago Alumni, preferably true.A news note sent now mayprevent the editors from resorting to fiction. (Continued from page 160)leader of a number of Chicago discussion groups, meeting to talk overcurrent affairs.1927Frances Miller (Mrs. R. H.Mills) is teaching commercial geography at Harper High School, andstudying for her master's degree atthe University of Chicago.Dena Shapiro, AM'29 (Mrs.Philip Joseph) is in Tel Aviv, Palestine, doing anthropological researchfor the University.Alva B. Hudson, AM'31, is acting head of the department of education and supervisor of the elementary school at Tuskegee Institute.Julius Simon is doing statisticalwork with the Trust Department ofthe First National Bank of Chicago.Helen E. Richardson, AM'33, isteaching at the School of EducationElementary School, at the Universityof Chicago.1928John O. Stewart is a Lieutenantin the Air Reserve, U. S. Army, stationed at Clemens, Mich.Henry W. Krohn is at New Athens, 111., teaching.1929Jeanette Birnie does all the psychological testing for the school system of Saginaw, Mich., in additionto acting as supervising principal ofLongfellow and Loomis Schools.Evelyn Oppenheimer, under themanagement of the Southern LectureBureau, is lecturing on modern literature and social philosophy in a number of cities of the Southwest, andas far north as Chicago. Her nameis included on the national lecturebureau list of the New York JewishWelfare Board's department of extension education.Harriett L. Harris (Mrs. DavidM. Michaux) is living in Atlanta,Georgia. (1132 Virginia Ave.)1930Allen Bassett, SM'31, has recently published a physics text bookin Siamese. He is teaching sciencein Bangkok, Siam.Grace M. Lam me is teaching artat Rayen High School, Youngstown,Ohio.Anne Louise Hood (Mrs. D. E.Harken) writes that while her husband is studying at Harvard MedicalSchool she is working as assistant tothe Director of the MassachusettsCivic League, doing lobbying in theLegislature, research, and writing.James D. Rutter is an investmentsecurities counsellor with Halsey,Stuart and Company, Chicago. — POSITIONS-VACANCIES FORCOMPETENT WORKERSOffice — Technical — SalesMale — FemaleCall and Register-Free-NowEXECUTIVESERVICE64 E. Jackson Blvd.PROFESSIONALDIRECTORYTHE OLDEST CAMP IN THE WESTCAMP HIGHLANDSFOR BOYSSAYNER, WISCONSINThree Camps— 8-12: 13-14: 15-17Woodcraft, Athletic and Water Sports,Music, Photography, Scouting, Long CanoeTrips, Riding, Shooting, Shop, Nature Lore,Camping Trips, Unexcelled Equipment,Experienced Staff, Doctor-Nurse.WRITE THE DIRECTOR FOR CATALOGW. J. MONJLAW, M. D.5712 Kenwood Ave., ChicagoCHICAGO COLLEGE OFDENTAL SURGERYDental School ofLOYOLA UNIVERSITYOffers a four year dental course requiring for matriculation thirty semester hoursof approved college credit in specified subjects.The three year dental course requiressixty semester hours of approved collegecredit in specified subjects.In the near future the requirements formatriculation will be two years of college credit arid the dental curriculum afour year course.Graduate courses offered in selectedsubjects.For details addressThe RegistrarChicago College of Dental SurgeryDental School of Loyola University1757 West Harrison St. Chicago, DI»THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 163MASTERS1911Roswell W. Rogers, AM, is general agent for the Reliance Life Insurance Co., of Pittsburgh, Pa.1917James D. Darnall, AM, is amember of the legislative commissionof the Illinois High School AthleticAssociation, and is on the executivecommittee of the Black Hawk Division of the Illinois State TeachersAssociation. He is superintendent ofthe Geneseo, 111., Township HighSchool.1922Mary D. Ruffin, AM, is headmistress of the Collegiate School forGirls, at Richmond, Va.Clarence R. Stone, AM, is supervisor of reading, in the publicschools of San Jose, Cal.1923Ruth Neuhausen, SM, (Mrs.Frank FonarofT) is teaching at theUniversity of Louisville.Earl C. Bowman is director ofstudent teaching at De Pauw University. Last year he served on astate commission to study the teachertraining instruction in Indiana, witha view to recommending changes inthe present program.Arthur L. Dailey, AM, is supervising principal of the senior highschool at St. Joseph, Mo.1924William G. Kimmel, AM, ismanaging editor of The Social Studies; he is an associate in civic education at Teachers College, ColumbiaWashington Prom(Continued from' page 146)closure which started at the main entrance to Bartlett, turned south onUniversity, crossed Fifty-seventhStreet, west to Mitchell Tower entrance and finally made a left turninto Mandel corridor. This long andcrooked canopy had full length canvas sides the entire distance exceptwhere it crossed Fifty-seventh Streetand the enclosure was carpeted fromentrance to entrance. It was quite aparade at the midnight hour.In those days before Comprehen-sives and other worries, Prom festivities began earlier and lasted longer.They started at noon of that daywhen all fraternity men invited theirlady guests to luncheon at their fraternity houses. The day followingthe Prom, which is always a holiday,there were skating parties (weatherpermitting) and tea dances aroundthe Quadrangles. The father of ourcountry certainly received his shareof recognition at Chicago. University. He is also social studieseditor for Houghton Mifflin Co.Wilber Emmert, AM, is directorof visual education at the StateTeachers College, Indiana, Pa.1925Victor M. Davis, AM, is director of the University Bureau of Appointments, at the University ofTennessee.Ellamay Horan, AM, is editorof the lournal of Religious Instruction.James W. Fifield, AM, is nowlocated in Los Angeles, as pastor ofthe First Congregational Church. Hewas pastor of the East Congregational Church in Grand Rapids untilJanuary 1, 1935.1926Cloy S. Hobson, AM, is an administrator in the public schools ofGenoa, 111. He recently published anarticle in the Educational ResearchBulletin, entitled "Is Instruction inPrinciples of Honesty Effective ?"William G. Black, AM, is associate professor of education for theUniversity of British Columbia.1927Horace Mann Bond, Dean ofDillard University, New Orleans, isspending several months this term inan exploratory work for the JuliusRosenwald Fund, located in a ruralcommunity of Washington Parish,Louisiana.William E. Lewis, AM, is representative of the educational department of Doubleday-Doran and Co.,Inc.Herbert G. Gebert, AM, is assistant professor of education atThiel College, Greenville, Pa. Lastyear he served on the committee responsible for administering the college when there was no acting president.1928Clarence Hendershot, AM, ishead of the department of history atJudson College, Rangoon, Burma.Martha Mae Hunter, SM, isstate home economist for the Montana State Relief Commission atHelena.Edvin Brye, AM, is teaching psychology at Chicago Normal College.1929W. A. Anderson, AM, is assistantprofessor of physics at the University of Manitoba.George L. Feidler,AM,is teacherof economics and U. S. History atNew Athens, 111.Doris Raymond, AM, is workingat Loring Hall, of the AmericanSchool of Classical Studies, at Athens, Greece, classifying and cataloguing coins at the Agora excavations. DENTISTDR. GEO. G.DENTIST KNAPPWoodlawn Medical Arts Bldg.Suite 304. 1305 E. 63rd StreetPhone Plaza 6020ELECTROLYSISLOTTIE A; METCALFEELECTROLYSIS EXPERT13 YEARS' EXPERIENCEHair Removed from Face, Neck and BodyFacial Veins, Warts, Moles Permanently RemovedGraduate NurseSUITE17 North State Street TELEPHONEFRANKLIN 4885SCHOOL INFORMATIONBOARDINC SCHOOLSFree Catalogs of ALL In U. S. Prices,ratings,, etc. Inspector's advice. Alsosmall COLLEGES and Junior Colleges.Only office maintained by the schools.American Schools Assn., 27th year, 921Marshall Field Annex, 24 N. Wabash.Central 6646, Chicago.V. C. Beebe, U. of C. '05, Pres.Camps- InformationSCHOOLSE. A. BOOS SCHOOLFor Mentally and PhysicallyHandicapped Persons — All AgesBoarding and Day SchoolTo Limited NumberFree ConsultationInformation Sent on RequestReasonable Rates5740 W. 22nd Place, Cicero, III.BEVERLY FARM, INC.37th YearA Home, School for Nervous andBackward Children and Adults220 Acres, 7 Buildings, School Gymnasium, Industrial and School Training Given, Departmentfor Birth Injury CasesGroves Blake Smith, M. D. Godfrey, III.Practical Business TrainingBusiness Administration, Executive - SecretarialStenotype and 14 Other College Grade Courses78th YearTrain for Assured Success Write for CatalogBryant & Stratton College18 S. Michigan Ave. Randolph 1575IS YOUR EDUCATION ADEQUATE?or could you benefit by a course in1. Effective Public Speaking.2. A Modern Foreign Language.3. Creative Writing and Journalism.4. Psychology, philosophy, economics?Expert personal instruction. Moderate fees.CHICAGO SCHOOL FOR ADULTS203 N. Wabash Ave. State 3774.164 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESCHOOLS— ContinuedNORTH PARK COLLEGEFully AccreditedJuniorCollege: Liberal Arts and Pre-ProfessionalCourses.High School: Language, Scientific and Vocational Courses.Conservatory: Public School Music and otherCertified Courses.High Standards of ScholarshipBeautiful Campus, Athletics and Social ActivitiesExpenses LowFor catalog write to the presidentNorth Park College Foster and Kedzie Aves.The Mary E. PogueSch< Dol and SanitariumWheaton, III.Phone Wheaton 66A school and sanitarium for the careing of children mentally subnormal,or who suffer from organic brai and train-epileptic,i disease.SCHOOL OF THEATREMR. BEN GUY PHILLIPSFaculty Member of the RoyalAcademy of Dramatic ArtCOURSESInclude: Art of Acting, Voice Control,Pantomime, Playwriting-, Stage, Sceneand Costume Design, Public Speaking, etc.Children's ClassesSTUDIO— 72 EAST 11TH STREETHarrison 8360SAINT XAVIER COLLEGEFOR WOMEN4900 Cottage Grove AvenueCHICAGO, ILLINOISA Catholic College Conducted bythe SISTERS OF MERCYCourses lead to the B. A. and B. S.degrees. Music — -Art9BUSINESSDI RECTORYeL APARTMENTS JCLOSE TO U. Of C. ¦¦Apartments — All SizesProfessional OfficesProperty Investments— Insurance —ACKLEY BROS. CO.1447 East 63rd Street HYDE PARK 0100AWNINGSPhones Oakland 0690—0691-The Old Reliable -0692Hyde Park AwningINC. Co.,Awnings and Canopies for All Purposes450S Cottage Grove Avenue H. Leigh Baker, AM, is with thedepartment of psychology at Simmons College, Boston.Mayme Ratekin, SM, is "in thedepartment of projects for women inthe State of Missouri at present/'according to a recent note receivedby the Magazine.Blake Crider, AM, heads the department of psychology at Fenn College, Cleveland, Ohio. In 1934 heacted as supervisor for the TVAproject in Alabama, and for the lastsix months of the year put on a radio program over WGAR on childpsychology problems. He has beenwriting a newspaper column, too, andacting as representative of the Keystone View Co.Shui Chang Chow, AM, is principal of the Y. M. C. A. High Schoolat Nanking, China.1930Vedide Beha, AM, (Mrs. AliKemal Karadayi) is teaching at theGirls' Normal School, Kiz MuallinMektebi, Izmir, Turkey.Ruth M. Campbell, AM, is Business Girls' Secretary of the Y. W.C. A. of Salt Lake City.Pedro A. Cebollero, AM, is assistant commissioner of education atPuerto Rico.1931Lun Lo, AM, is professor of education at the National Wu-Han University, Wuchang, Hupeh, China.Pauline Cressman, AM, is fieldrepresentative for the work relief section of the Illinois Emergency ReliefCommission.1932Clemens E. Lueck, AM, is director of the Ripon College News Service and editor of the Ripon CollegeAlumnus, as well as bandmaster andteacher of the social sciences at RiponHigh School, Wis.Lucille Beutel, AM, is teachingin the Racine-Kenosha Rural Normal School.Jane E. Clem, AM, heads thetypewriting department at the StateTeachers College at Whitewater,Wis.1933Gordon R. Clapp, AM, is assistantdirector of personnel for the T. V. A.at Knoxville.Clara May Graybill, AM, is primary critic teacher at Indiana University this year.May Kennedy, AM, is associatedirector and director of pedagogy atthe New York Hospital School ofNursing.Arthur E. Arnesen, AM, is director of research for the Salt LakeCity Board of Education.Georgia Elce, AM, is assistant in BONDSP. H. Davis, 'II. H. I. Markham, 'Ex.'06R. W. Davis, '16. W. M. Giblin, '23F. B. Evans, 'I IPaul H. Davis & Co.MembersNew York Stock ExchangeChicago Stock Exchange37 So. La Salle St. Franklin 8622CHEMICAL ENGINEERSAlbert K. Epstein, '12B. R. Harris, '21Epstein, Reynolds and HarrisConsulting Chemists and Engineers5 S. Wabash Ave. ChicagoTel. Cent. 4285CATERERJOSEPH H. BIGGSFine Catering in all its branches50 East Huron StreetTel. Sup. 0900- —0901Retail Deliveries Daily and SundaysQuality and Service Since 1882COFFEE— TEAw. S. Quinby CompanyIMPORTERS AND ROASTERSOF HIGH GRADECOFFEES AND TEAS4 1 7-427 W. OHIO ST. —CHICAGOPhones Superior 2336-7-8COALQUALITY COAL PRICED RIGHTLESTER COAL CO.4025 Wallace St., at 40th PlaceAll Phones: Yards 6464Wasson-PocahontasCoal Co.6876 South Chicago Ave.Phones: Wentworth 8620- 1 -2-3-4Wasson's Coal Makes Good — or —Wasson DoesELECTROTYPERCONSOLIDATEDELECTROTYPERS. INC.(Midland Federal)Electrotypes — LeadmouldsNickeltypesAdvertising PlatesTelephones— Wabash 8I00-8I0ITHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 165the Education Department in theState Normal and Industrial Schoolat EHendale, N. Dak.Noble Benjamin, AM, is secretary-treasurer of the Indiana RuralRehabilitation Corporation under theGovernor's Commission for Unemployment Relief.Elizabeth M. Clarke, AM, issecretary to the Dean of Women atStanford University.Leslie L. Chism, AM, student atColumbia University, is studying therelative ability of the states to financeeducation by applying the SecondModel Tax Plan as recommended bythe National Tax Association to theeconomic conditions which prevail inthe various states,1934John B. Goodwin, AM, is writinga business code for the Universityof Minnesota.DOCTORS OFPHILOSOPHY1898Otis W. Caldwell is the newgeneral secretary of the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement ofScience. He is professor of education at Teachers College, ColumbiaUniversity.1901Nevin M. Fenneman, AM'OO, ispresident of the Geological Societyof America, elected at its Rochestermeeting in December. He is professor of geology at the University ofCincinnati.Burton E. Livingston, professorof plant physiology at Johns HopkinsUniversity, has resigned as generalSecretary of the A. A. A. S., a position he has held for several years, andhas been made a member of the Executive Committee. Dr. Livingstonhas recently been added to the editorial board of The AmericanScholar, as a representative of thesciences.1907Oscar Riddle is chairman for1935 of the Zoology Section of theA. A. A. S. He is at the Station forExperimental Evolution of the Carnegie Institution, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.1908Clarence S. Yoakum, vice president of the University of Michiganand former literary dean of Northwestern University, has been appointed dean of the Michigan graduate school.1909Paul A. Walker, Federal Communications Commissioner, and chairman of the Telephone Division of the Commission, recently spoke to theWashington Alumni Club on thework of the Commission.1910T. H. Hildebrandt, SM'06, ischairman for 1935, of the Mathematics Section and Vice President of theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Hilde-brandt is chairman of the departmentof mathematics at the University ofMichigan.1914Leon Metzinger, '08, was veryseriously injured in the train-autocrash at Blue Island, December 28,that killed his wife and daughter.Dr. Metzinger is Dean of the department of modern languages atNorth Dakota State College, Fargo.Frank C. Jordan is director ofthe Allegheny Observatory at Pittsburgh.1915Fred C. Ayer is chairman of thedepartment of educational administration for the University of Texas,as well as general consultant for theTexas Program of Curriculum Revision.1921Helen M. Strong, '17, is with theU. S. Coast Geodetic Survey.1922Vern O. Knudson was awardedthe thousand dollar prize of theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science, at its annualWinter meeting, for his paper on hisresearch into the absorption of soundin gases. Dr. Knudson is an associate professor in physics at the University of California at Los Angeles,and is dean of the Graduate Schoolthere.1923Lloyd E. Blauch, AM'17, is executive secretary of the CurriculumSurvey Committee, of the AmericanAssociation of Dental Schools.Edward S. West is professor ofbiochemistry at the University ofOregon Medical School. He was atWashington University, St. Louis,before this appointment.1924William H. Burton, visiting professor of education at the Universityof Southern California, is publishinga monograph this year on the resultsof his ten-year study of children'scivic information.Chang K. Chuang, '22, is withthe National Research Institute ofChemistry, Academia Sinica, atShanghai, China.1925I. M. Levine, '22, is now inPampa, Texas. ELECTRIC SIGNSELECTRIC SIGNADVERTISING•CLAUDE NEON FEDERAL CO.225 North Michigan Avenue•W. D. Krupke, '19Vice-president in Charge of SalesEMPLOYMENTCOLOREDDOMESTIC HELPFurnishedDay or NightReferences investigated.Englewood Employment Agency5530 S. State. Phone-Englewood 3 1 8 1 -3 1 82Street Night-Eng!ewood3 1 8 1Established 16 yearsFLOWERSFLOWERSbyKORTSCHDistinctly Better1368 East 55th StreetPhone— Plaza 2150Phones: Plaza 6444, 64451631 East 55th StreetFURNITUREWE BUY - SELLFURNITURE & RUGSHOUSEHOLD SALVAGE GOODS CO.740 EAST 47TH STREETPHONE KENWOOD 2224GARAGECARSCALLED FOR AND DELIVERED64th STREET GARAGETowing at All Hours6341 HARPER AVE.PHONE HYDE PARK 1031166 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINEGROCERIESTelephone Haymarket 3120E. A. Aaron & Bros.Fruits and Vegetables, Poultry, Butter,Eggs, Imported and Domestic Cheese,Sterilized and Fresh Caviar, Wesson and"77" Oil, M. F. B. Snowdrift and ScocoShortening46-48 So. Water Market, Chicago, III.COHEN and COMPANYWholesaleFruit — Vegetables — Poultry211 South Water MarketPhones Haymarket 0808 to 0816LEIGH'SGROCERY and MARKET1327 East 57th StreetPhones: Hyde Park 9100-1-2QUALITY FOODSTUFFSMODERATE PRICESWE DELIVERHOTELS"Famous for Food"Dancing and EntertainmentNightlyCircular CRYSTAL Barthe BREVOORT hotel120 W. Madison St. ChicagoLAUNDRIESADAMSLAUNDRY CO2335 Indiana Ave.Superior Hand WorkOdorless Dry CleaningTelephoneCalumet 2346Morgan Laundry Service, Inc.2330 Prairie Ave.Phone Calumet 7424Dormitory ServiceStandard Laundry Co.Linen Supply — Wet WashFinished Work1818 South Wabash Ave.Phone Calumet 4700 1926Mary Eugenie Maver, '14, is abiochemist at the National Instituteof Health, Washington, D. C.Ko Chung Chen, SM'25, hasbeen working in the National Translation and Compilation Bureau atNanking, China.1927Ralph M. Hogan, '16,AM'17, isgeneral supervisor of the NorrisArea for training work, in the Tennessee Valley Authority.Ernest L. Mackie is professor ofmathematics at the University of N.Carolina, Chapel Hill.1928Harold G. O. Holck, '21, is backin this country after five years inBeirut, Syria. He is Arno B. Luckhardt Fellow in Physiology at theUniversity of Chicago this year.1929Edgar Dale is associate professorin the bureau of educational researchfor Ohio State University.1931Mary E. Andrews, assistant professor of religion at Goucher College, has recently published TheEthical Teaching of Paul.1932Lee O. Garber has published anumber of educational articles recently, and anticipates the publicationof a digest of his thesis by the University of Minnesota Department ofPublications. He is principal of theCollege High School at State Teachers College in Mankato, Minn.Thomas M. Beck is with the Victor Chemical Company of ChicagoHeights.David O. Rosbash, '30, is with theG. F. Harvey Company, of SaratogaSprings, N. Y., as a research chemist.1933Thomas C. Poulter, chief of thescientific staff under Admiral Byrdin Little America, and acting commander during the Admiral's absence,sent a radiogram to Professor Stieg-litz and the Department of Chemistryat the University of Chicago on December 28, announcing the successfuldevelopment of the major part of thescientific program of the expeditionand the excellent prospects for itscompletion before their return.Arthur C. Boyce, acting president of the American College ofTeheran, Persia, last year was appointed by the Ministry of Educationof Persia on a commission on Elementary Education, with the specialjob of rewriting the elementarycourse of study. He has also acted LAUNDRIES— ContinuedSUNSHINE LAUNDRYCOMPANYAll ServicesDry Cleaning2915 Cottage Grove Ave.Telephone Victory 5110THEBEST LAUNDRY andCLEANING COMPANYALL SERVICESWe Also DoDry Cleaning — Shoe Repairing4240 PhoneIndiana Ave. OAKIand 1383MOTOR LIVERYCHICAGO PETERSENMOTOR LIVERYLINCOLNSWith Experienced Chauffeurs5548 Lake Park Ave. MIDway 0949LITHOGRAPHERL. C. Mead '21. E. J. Chalifoux '22PHOTOPRESS, INC.Planograph — Offset — Printing725 So. La Salle St.Wabash 8182OFFICE FURNISHINGSPruitt's rebuilt office machines give theappearance and service of new equipment — carry a full guarantee — yet, saveyou as much as 50%.PRUITT, Inc172 N. La Salle St. ChicagoPAINTSGEORGE ERHARDTand SONS, Inc.Painting — Decorating — Wood Finishing3123 PhoneLake Street Kedzie 3186JOHN E. ROCKEFELLOW, INCEstablished 1893Paints, Wall Paper, GlassWindow ShadesWHOLESALE AND RETAIL4321 Cottage Grove Ave.Telephone Atlantic 1900THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINE 167as adviser in making the program ofnew Normal Schools.Raymond Lee Hightower is headof the department of sociology, Kalamazoo College.1934Antonio Isidro is an instructor atthe University of the Philippines, atManila.Don Wendell Holter has goneto Manila, P. I., to become pastor ofthe student church, and to join thefaculty of the Union TheologicalSeminary.Ivan A. Booker, AM'27, is Assistant Director in the Research Division of the National EducationAssociation.DIVINITY1889Louis M. Waterman, ThB, isChaplain of Baylor University Hospital, at Dallas, Texas. He has recently published a very attractive andinteresting booklet of poems, entitledGlimpses of the Master.1909Joseph Artman, DB, is independent candidate for alderman of Chicago's Fifth Ward, backed by a number of University faculty members.1930Elmer K. Higdon, DB, is secretary of the National Christian Council in the Philippine Islands, andedits its monthly Bulletin.1931Robert McEwen, AM'31,PhD'33, is professor of religion at Hanover College, Indiana.1932J. H. A. Borleis, Chaplain, U. S.Army, has been transferred from thePhilippine Islands to Fort Meade, S.Dak.LAWThe Mowing alumni are membersof committees of the American BarAssociation :Henry C. Shull, '14JD'16,Sioux City, Iowa.Walter A. Lybrand, '02JD'06,Oklahoma City.W. E. Stanley, '12JD'13, Wichita, Kansas.George M. Morris, JD'15, Washington, D. C.Henry P. Chandler, JD'06, Chicago, 111.1903Joseph C. Ewing, '01JD, is located in San Diego, Calif. He reports that he is "trying to take careof two offices, pay taxes, play golf,shed worry, see friends, keep happyand pray for the Chicago footballteam." He, Robert W. Baird, 12, and Julius Rainwater, ex'OS, formeda committee of three to greet CoachStagg at San Diego Stadium whenthe College of the Pacific defeated theSan Diego Marines 26-0. He adds,"it was a most interesting game,showing that Alonzo still has his cunning. As you know, his College ofthe Pacific team held the Universityof California Bears 7 to 6, and theUniversity of Southern California 6to 0 in this year's schedule. All thebig teams are bidding for the Collegeof the Pacific for their schedules. Heis mixing with the big ones and hasalready made a big Pacific Coastreputation."1908Hugo M. Friend, '06, JD, has beenappointed to the Appellate Court tothe First District, composed of CookCounty, 111.1909Senator James P. Pope, LLB, isa member of the Munitions Investigation Commission. He addressedthe Washington Alumni Club onFebruary 3rd, entitling his speech,"High Priests of War."1912William P. McCracken, Jr., '09,JD, is the Secretary of the AmericanBar Association.1918Voyle Clark Johnson, JD, formerly assistant State's attorney, anda member of the law faculty of De-Paul and the business law faculty ofNorthwestern, has entered into a lawpartnership with Elliott A. Johnsonand Charles T. Johnson, for the general practice of law, giving specialattention to corporation, real estate,NRA, RFC, and probate matters. Elliott Johnson, '28JD'31, was attorneyin charge of RFC loans for the receiver of Illinois Closed State Banksbefore entering the partnership.1927David J. Shipman, '25JD, Edward J. Barrett, JD'30, and JosephAbbell, '32JD'34, are members ofa law partnership known as Shipman,Barrett, Henehan and Abbell, 77 W.Washington St., Chicago.1930Paul H. Leffman, '27JD, andJohn Haas are associated in the firmof Haas and Leffman, 310 S. Michigan, Chicago. Samuel Spira, '27,JD'31, is an associate of the firm.1933Don Birney is with McCormickand Henderson, Inc., of Chicago.Isaac I. Bender, JD, is engagedin the practice of law, specializing inFederal income and estate practice.He is located at 134 N. LaSalle, Chicago. PHOTOGRAPHERMOFFETT STUDIOCAMERA PORTRAITS OF QUALITY30 So. Michigan Blvd., Chicago . . State 8750OFFICIAL PHOTOGRAPHERU. of C. ALUMNIRADIATOR CABINETSBe in Correct ProportionsGARDNER REDUCINGSTUDIOS30 S. Michigan Ave.Phone Dearborn 3809RESTAURANTROOFINGGrove Roofing Co.(Gillil and)Old Roofs Repaired- -New Roofs Put On25 Years at 6644 Cottage G rove Ave.Lowest Prices — Estimates FreeFairfax 3206RUG CLEANERc. A. BOUSHELLECOMPANYRUG CLEANERS218 East 71st StreetTelephone: Stewart 9867SCENERYPAUSBACK STUDIOSScenery Props and LightsRENTEDTelephone Drexel 70603727 Cottage Grove Ave.168 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MAGAZINESTORAGEGARFIELDFIREPROOF STORAGE CO.Movers, Packers and StorageNew and Used Household Goods. Terms.5929—33 So. State StreetPhones, Englewood 5020-5021Phone MID way 9700 HYDe Park 0452Peterson Fireproof Storage Co.Chas. A. Peterson, Pres.Moving and ExpressingPacking and ShippingForeign ShipmentsBranch: 8126 Cottage Grove Avenue55th Street and Ellis AvenueTAILORFrank D. Campbell PhoneEdward Eisele State 3863Charles C. Polich Central 8898EISELE & POLICH, LTD.Merchant Tailors8 South Michigan Avenue — Fourth FloorCHICAGOTEACHER'S AGENCIESTHE YATES-FISHERTEACHERS AGENCYEstablished 1906PAUL YATES, Manager616-620 South Michigan Ave.ChicagoAMERICAN COLLEGE BUREAU28 E. Jackson BoulevardChicagoA Bureau of Placement which limits itswork to the university and college field.It is affiliated with the Fisk TeachersAgency of Chicago, whose work covers allthe educational fields. Both organizationsassist in the appointment of administratorsas well as of teachers.THEHUGHES TEACHERS AGENCY25 E. JACKSON BLVD.TELEPHONE HARRISON 7793Member National Associationof Teachers AgenciesWe Enjoy a Very Fine High School, NormalSchool, College and University PatronageUNDERTAKERSLUDLOW - SCHNEIDERFUNERAL DIRECTORSFine Chapel with New Pipe OrganSEDAN AMBULANCETel. Fairfax 28616110 Cottage Grove Ave. ENGAGEDHayden Blackwell Wingate,31 to Barbara Blocki, '36. The wedding is planned for June of this year.Mr. Wingate is now living in NewYork City.Grace Hannah Myers, '32, toJohn F. Krueger, of Gary, Ind.John F. Moulds, '34, to VirginiaBennett, of Providence, R. I.Valerye Johnson, '35, to FrancisAldridge, of Tulsa, Okla, Mr. Al-dridge is a student in the Law Schoolof the University of Chicago.MARRIEDGeorge W. A. Rutter, '22,AM'26,to Meredith Ball, June 16, 1934,Evanston, 111.E. H. Hildebrandt, '22, to Elizabeth Tilden, September 13, 1934; athome, 508 Highland St., UpperMontclair, N. J.Marcelle Dorothy Vennema,'29, to Anderson Ashley Owen,'21, of Winnetka. After a honeymoonin Florida, the couple will live inWinnetka.Horace S. Strong, '25, to Nathalie Josephine Schwab, August 11,1934, Milwaukee; ¦ at home, 1689Broad Street, Apt.. 3, Edgewood Station, Providence, R. I.Seymour Guthman, '29, JD'30,to Bunny Rosensweig, August 13,1934, Atlantic City. At home, 2800Ontario Road, N. W., Washington,D. C.Renald P. Ching, '30,MD'34, toLouise Chou, ex '34, January 19,1935, at Oak Park, 111. Dr. andMrs. Ching have sailed for China,where they will make their home inPeiping.James D. Rutter, '30, to Elizabeth Savoy, August 18, 1934, RiverForest, 111.Bruno H. Luebeck, AM'31, toKatherine Elizabeth Bohn, March 20,1934, Swatow, China.Elizabeth Hobbs, AM'31, to Edwin E. Wittmayer, August 11, 1934,Grand Island, Nebr.Carl A. Scheid, '32, to Mary L.Devine, '32, December 22, 1934,Washington, D. C. At home, 4007Connecticut Ave., Washington.Beth Ann Keefe, '31, to DonaldMonroe Goodwillie, '33, January10, 1935, Chicago ; at home 3971 EllisAve., Chicago.Marjorie-Louise Becker, '33, toWallace Peter Morse, '33, December 22, 1934.BORNTo Harry Lee Huber, '13,SM'16,PhD'17,MD'18, and Mrs. Huber, a daughter Nancy Lee, December 311934, Chicago.To Joseph K. Calvin, ,16,MDyl^>and Mrs. Calvin, a son, Robert, De-'cember 28, 1934.To Howard Wakefield, '17,MD'24, and Mrs. Wakefield, a daughter.Isabel, December 19, 1934, Chicago.To Albert Pick, Jr., '17, andMrs. Pick, a son, Albert Pick, III,December 5, 1934, Chicago.To Ralph W. Stearns and MrsStearns (S. Marie Williams, '19) adaughter, Frances Marie, September28, 1934, at Oakland, Cal.To William V. Morgenstern'20,JD'22, and Mrs. Morgenstern, adaughter, Nora Ann, December 25,1934, Chicago.To Charles H. Breasted, '21,and Mrs. Breasted, a son, January13, 1935.To Herbert F. Mayer, JD'27,and Mrs. Mayer, a son, Herbert F.Junior, September 14, 1934, GrandIsland, Nebr.To Sam Street Hughes, JD'29,and Mrs. Hughes, a son, John Alexander Lutz, December 29, 1934,Lansing, Mich.To Eugene Portlette South-all, AM'29, and Mrs. Southall, adaughter, Emma Elizabeth, January27, 1934.To Mr. and Mrs. Summerbell(Pauline Gordon, '30) a son, GordonCarlyle, August 23, 1935.To Theodore W. Mathews,AM'30, and Mrs. Mathews, a son,Theodore William II, December 30,1934, Oneonta, N. Y.To Donald H. Bell, '31, andMrs. Bell (Margaret Alice Haley,'29) a daughter, Marjory, January16, 1935, South Miami, Fla.To Lewis E. Jones, '34 and Mrs.Jones, a son, Thomas Newlin, January 12, 1935. Young Thomas isalso grandson to Sylvester Jones,BD'07.DIEDDennis P. Russell, MD'90, January 15, 1935, Chicago.Fred Merrifield, '98,DB'01, February 6, 1935, Hinsdale, 111. Mr.Merrifield was Assistant ProfessorEmeritus of New Testament HistoryInterpretation.Frank Stacey Hawley, MD'04,November 5, 1934.Peter A. Bendixen, MD'05, December 30, 1934, Davenport, Iowa.Walter H. Simpson, '11, February 6, 1935, Chicago.Richard D. Boyd, '16, January 4,1935, Minneapolis, Minn.Carolyn Harrison Hoefer, AM'18, JanuaryS, 1935, Chicago.Edith Anna Dougherty, '22,July 22, 1934, Washington, 111.IN DEVONSHIRENOW IT'S BOTH EASYAND INEXPENSIVE TO\^%dvtwft.(MohplYour travel agent will gladly arrange an inexpensive tour suited to your personal requirementsIf you like, as most of us do, to get away from thebroad highways of travel, and find out for yourselfthe charm of wayside inns, where your own particular trout is fished for your luncheon out of a streamchuckling under the dining-room windows . . . whereruined castles and breath-taking views, unknown evento Baedeker, give you a sense of discovery and adventure . . . then consult your travel agent.He can tell you of interesting events in little out-of-the-way places . . . arrange for you to take yourown car ... or map out an itinerary for you that willmake your trip to Europe unique.And he'll be glad to book your passage via FrenchLine, because he knows you will enjoy the delightsof a French Line crossing. Luxurious, roomy cabins. . . superb food (table wine is included, with our M0Nr sr. h,chelcompliments) . . . English-speaking service of the kindbest described as psychic . . . and cultivated companions . . . make your days on shipboard an experience to be remembered.Choose any one of the four crack liners runningweekly to England and France. The French Line fleetof modern, well-appointed ships (averaging less thanseven years in service) has behind it the experienceof seventy years in transatlantic travel, and a thousandvcars of sturdy Breton seamanship and discipline.Your travel agent will be glad to give you furtherdetails. His services cost you nothing. French Line,19 State Street, New York City.The FRENCH LINE is pleased to announce that• THE NORMANDIE-largest and most luxurious liner afloat, will makeher first sailing, New York to Havre, June 7, 1935<3mwh J&ne -IEW YORK TO ENGLAND AND FRANCE: PARIS, March 9 and 30l« DE FRANCE, February 9, March 2 and 23, April 13 • CHAMPLAIN, February 23, March 16, April 6€6- J1 do believe lit try one*9S*'V/>. for one thingChesterfield is the cigarette that's Milder ,"for another thingChesterfield is the cigarette that Tastes Better© 1935, Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co.